GEORGE  HOLMES  HOWISON 


The  utility  ol  Soulc*s  "Dictionary  of  EugUsli 
ByHfrijymes"  lias  been  demonstrated  by  years  of  nse, 
and  tlie  new  •dIUou  ^e^'lsed  and  enlarged  by  ProfoBPor 
George  H.  Howlson,  of  t^e  Unlveisity  of  Gallfomla, 
Is  sure  of  a  welcome.  It  was  not  the  aim  ol  the 
original  work,  nor  is  it  the  aim  of  the  present  edition, 
to  tfiko  the  place  of  books  like  Crabb's  "Synonymes" 
©r  Koget's  "Theeaums,"  but  to  serve  a  distinctive  pur- 
Ijose  111  a  field  \v\x\o  enougrt  to  accommodate  woa-kers 
with  very  diverse  methods.  The  variods  classes  of 
these  special  works  In  Jextoography  supplement  each 
other.  Ho  who  hdjs,  them  all  Is  apt  to  find  oiie  use- 
fa  1  where  another  fails.  W!l»tlier  the  tfliought  in  liis 
inind  be  definite  or  indefinite  will  l>c  shown  often  by 
thfli  collection  of  synonymes  which  tunjs  out  to  be  most 
satisfactory  in  a  given  case.  Sometimes  one  may  start 
In  a  fog  with  the  "  Thoeaui-us"  and  feel  his  way  to  a 
clearer  atmosphere,  and  there,  with)  "Soule"  in  hand, 
light  upon  the  very  single  word  he  wants  In  a  moment. 
The  revision  by  Profeseor  Howlson  involved,  as  he 
tells  us,  S3m©  changes  wlnei^e  errors  hud  been  made  be- 

^tore,  but  these  were  few.  The  most  important  clinnge 
•^us  the  addition  of  new  matter,  amounting  In  built  tio 
near  one-tlilrd  that  of  tlie  bookj  as  It  was  first  published. 

jj.  B.  I/lppincott  Co.  are  the  publishers. 


Ko  one  work  can  supply  the  neeas  o: 
writer  who  at  one  time  desires  a  better  word 
than  that  which  occurs  to  him,  at  another 
seeks  to  find  expression  for  a  vague  idea,  and 
again  wishes  to  select  from  several  words  of 
cognate  meaning  that  which  exactly  suits  bis 

Eurpose.  These  requirements  are  supplied 
y  manuals  as  varied  in  character  as  Crabb's 
'•"English  Synonymes,"  which,  since  its  origi- 
nal publication  seventy  years  ago,  has  passed 
through  numerous  editions;  Koicet's  "The- 
saurus of  Words  and  Phrases,"  and  the  ex- 
cellent "Dictionary  of  English  Synouymes," 
which,  in  its* present  revised  and  enlarged 
form,  Is  the  work  of  Prof.  Jaa^ww  H. 
Howison_,  of  the  University  of  California. 

It.TSffice'  is  suggestive  rather  than  explan- 
atory, and  Ic  provides  an  alphabetic  list  of 
the  mora  important  words  in  the  English 
lan^fuage,  with  their  various  meanings  or 
shades  of  meaning  appended,  each  followed 
by  its  appropriate  synonyms.  Such  a  work 
is  likely  to  meet  the  requirements  of  a  great 
number  of  persons,  and  the  present  volume 
will  be  found  to  be  an  excellent  mauual  of  its 
kind. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2008  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/dictionaryofenglOOsoulrich 


A    DICTIONARY/^'  --^-^^^^ 


OF  C 


ENGLISH    SYNONYMES 


AND 


^pnonpmous;  or  l^arallel  ^xpxtMons 


DESIGNED    AS    A    PRACTICAL    GUIDE    TO    APTNESS    AND 
VARIETY    OF    PHRASEOLOGY 


By    RICHARD    SOULE 


The  exertion  of  clothing  a  thought  in  a  completely  new  set  of  words  increases 
both  clearness  of  thought  and  mastery  over  words.  It  is  the  test  of  a  solid  thought 
that  it  will  bear  a  claange  of  clothing.  — J.  R.  Seeley 


Nri»  tuition,  J^rtisrt  uiiti  ^rtlthrflti  * 
By    GEORGE   H.   HOWtSON,  LL.d; 

MILLS   PROFESSOR   OF   PHILOSOPHY   IN   THE   UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 


PHILADELPHIA: 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT   COMPANY. 
1892. 


Af-ZSff 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1871,  by 

Richard  Soule, 
in  the  OflSce  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 


Copyright,  1891, 
By  Harriet  W.  Soulb. 


Uou;\  Scrri--    K3«-v^  L".b 


a 


Printed  by  J.  B-LiPPrNcorr  Company,  Philadelphia. 


PREFACE   TO   THE   NEW   EDITION. 


THE  present  edition  of  a  work  which,  now  some  twenty  years  before 
the  public,  may  justly  be  said  to  have  maintained  a  standard  char- 
acter, has  been  undertaken  at  the  request  of  the  author's  family.  The 
Editor  takes  pleasure  in  saying  that,  in  the  minute  revision  to  which  the 
book  has  been  subjected,  he  has  found  little  more  to  do  than  to  carry  out 
to  a  greater  completenes*  the  lines  of  Mr.  Soule's  original  design.  That 
design,  not  only  in  its  general  conception,  but  in  the  execution  of  its 
details,  seems  to  him,  on  the  whole,  the  best  that  any  single  work  on 
Synonymes  in  our  language  affords,  —  an  impression  which  has  grown 
stronger  during  the  process  of  comparison  with  the  chief  works  of  that 
class  rendered  necessary  in  preparing  this  edition,  and  which  it  is  believed 
a  like  comparison  on  the  part  of  readers  will  surely  corroborate. 

The  judicious  consulter  of  a  synonymic  dictionary  will  readily  acquiesce 
in  the  statement  that  a  perfect  manual  of  that  sort  is  impossible  within  the 
compass  of  a  single  work  of  convenient  size  and  arrangement.  Three  dis- 
tinct points  of  view  are  necessary  to  fulfil  the  wants  that  are  sure  to  arise 
when  such  a  work  has  to  be  consulted,  —  the  writer,  seeking  for  the  most 
suitable  expression,  may  set  out  from  the  less  suitable  word;  or  from  the 
vague  general  notion  that  he  obscurely  aims  to  express ;  or,  finally,  from 
several  words  of  cognate  meanings  the  exactly  suitable  one  of  which  he 
would  determine  by  a  close  discrimination  between  them.  A  work  on 
Synonymes  may  thus  have  for  its  purpose  either  an  alphabetic  list  of  all 
the  more  important  words  in  the  language,  with  their  various  meanings 
or  shades  of  meaning  set  down  under  them,  each  followed  by  its  appro- 
priate synonymes  ;  or  a  list  of  general  notions,  duly  named  and  properly 
divided  and  subdivided,  with  the  words  and  phrases  that  belong  to  the 


^ 


Vi  PREFACE. 

expression  of  each  collected  under  them  as  fully  as  possible ;  or,  again, 
'the  collocation  of  words  allied  in  meaning  with  subjoined  disquisitions 


^ 


on  the  shades  of  difference  between  them.  The  latter  conception  has 
'  been  the  prevaiHng  one  among  English  makers  of  synonymic  dictionaries, 
^  and  is  represented  by  the  well-known  work  of  Crabby  as  well  as  by  any ; 
the  second  is  that  of  Roget's  Thesaurus  ;  while  the  first  is  that  of 
Soule.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  while  each  is  indispensable  to  a  perfect  ful- 
filment of  a  writer's  possible  wants,  the  first  is  that  which  is  most  com- 
prehensive, most  convenient  and  rapid  in  use,  and  most  likely  to  meet 
the  requirements  of  the  greatest  number  of  persons. 

In  endeavoring  to  carry  out  Mr.  Soule's  plan  to  greater  perfection,  the 
chief  aim,  beyond  the  correction  of  press-errors  and  obvious  lapses  of  the 
pen,  has  been  to  discriminate  the  various  senses  of  leading  words  more 
exactly,  completing  the  distinction  where  it  already  existed  in  part,  and 
supplying  it  where  it  was  lacking.  Besides  this,  the  labor  has  been  mainly 
confined  to  enlarging  the  lists  of  synonymic  words  and  phrases.  The 
number  of  such  expressions  has  been  increased,  on  an  average,  by  about 
a  third.  For  this  purpose  free  use  has  been  made  of  the  new  editions 
of  Roget's  Thesaurus  and  the  Imperial  Dictionary. 

The  Editor  takes  pleasure  in  making  special  acknowledgment  of  the 
assistance  rendered  him  by  Miss  C.  N.  Bynner.  The  primary  revision  of 
nearly  one  half  of  the  text  has  been  done  by  her ;  and  the  thoroughness 
and  accurate  knowledge  of  our  vocabular}y  with  which  she  has  performed 
her  task,  have  rendered  the  labor  of  final  revision  in  that  portion  of  the 
Dook  comparatively  light. 

In  a  work  involving  so  many  details,  it  is  impossible  but  that  errors  will 
have  been  left  or  committed,  in  spite  of  all  endeavors  to  the  contrary. 
Notice  of  any  such,  detected  by  readers,  will  be  received  with  thanks. 


PREFACE    TO   THE    FIRST   EDITION. 


THE  main  design  of  this  Dictionary  is  to  provide  a  ready  means  of 
assistance  when  one  is  at  a  loss  for  a  word  or  an  expression  that 
best  suits  a  particular  turn  of  thought  or  mood  of  the  mind,  or  that  may 
obviate  an  ungraceful  repetition.  Even  practised  and  skilful  writers  are 
sometimes  embarrassed  in  the  endeavor  to  make  a  sentence  more  clear, 
simple,  terse,  or  rhythmical,  by  the  substitution  of  one  form  of  diction  for 
another.  It  is  presumed  that  they,  as  well  as  novices  in  composition,  will 
find  the  present  work  useful  in  overcoming  difficulties  of  this  sort. 

As  to  the  method  of  using  it :  Whenever  a  doubt  arises  in  regard  to 
the  fitness  of  any  word,  and  a  better  one  is  not  readily  suggested,  let  the 
writer  turn  to  this  word  in  its  alphabetical  place.  Under  it  will  be  found 
the  words  and  phrases,  or  some  clew  to  the  words  and  phrases,  which,  in 
any  connection,  have  the  same  meaning  as  itself,  or  a  meaning  very  nearly 
the  same.  That  one  of  them  which  comes  nearest  to  expressing  the  exact 
shade  of  thought  in  the  writer's  mind,  will  be  likely  to  arrest  the  attention 
and  determine  the  choice. 

In  most  cases,  all  the  words  that  belong  to  any  group  will  be  found  in 
that  group.  But  in  some  instances,  as  when  the  same  word  falls  into  two 
or  more  groups  that  are  near  to  each  other,  or  when  there  are  so  many 
synonymes  for  a  word  that  a  repetition  of  every  one  of  them  under  each 
m  its  alphabetical  place  would  seem  to  be  too  formal  and  prolix,  the 
inquirer  is  referred  to  some  prominent  word  among  them  for  a  view  of  the 
whole.  Under  the  word  Blockhead,  for  example,  reference  is  made 
to  the  word  Dunce^  under  which  will  be  found  all  the  words  that  are 
synonymous  with  it.  This  example  is  given  because  it  is  the  most  marked 
one  m  our  language  ot  a  multiplicity  of  terms  for  the  same  idea. 


Vlll  PREFACE. 

Many  nouns  ending  in  ness^  and  adverbs  ending  in  ly,  have  been 
omitted  in  their  alphabetical  places,  for  the  reason  that  their  synonymes 
are  sufficiently  indicated  by  the  corresponding  adjectives. 

The  aim  has  been  to  present  at  a  single  glance  the  words  or  modes 
of  speech  which  denote  the  same  object,  or  which  express  the  same 
general  idea,  with  only  slight  shades  of  difference.  There  has  been  no 
attempt  at  elaborate  discussion  of  the  nice  distinctions  that  obtain  between 
words  apparently  synonymous ;  but  hints  of  such  distinctions  have  been 
given  whenever  it  was  practicable  to  give  them  briefly  in  a  parenthetical 
remark. 

In  preparing  this  Dictionary,  free  use  has  been  made  of  the  following 
works  :  Roget's  Thesaurus  of  Words  and  Phrases ;  the  Quarto  Dictionaries 
of  Webster  and  of  Worcester;  Crabb's  Synonymes;  Graham's  Syno- 
nymes; Whately's  Synonymes;  Piatt's  Synonymes;  the  Dictionaries  of 
Synonymes  by  Fenby,  Sherer,  Mackenzie,  and  Smith ;  the  Medical  Dic- 
tionaries of  Dunglison  and  of  Thomas ;  and  the  United  States  Dispen- 
satory by  Wood  and  Bache.  It  contains  much,  however,  that  has  been 
gathered  from  a  wide  field  of  miscellaneous  reading  during  a  long  series 
of  years. 

The  author  is  under  special  obligations  to  his  friends,  Mr.  Justin 
WiNSOR,  Mr.  William  A.  Wheeler,  and  Mr.  Loomis  J.  Campbell,  for 
the  interest  they  have  manifested  in  the  progress  of  the  work,  and  for 
their  valuable  suggestions  and  criticisms. 


Brookline,  Mass.,  1871. 


EXPLANATORY    TABLE. 


a.  .    .    . 

stands  for  Adjective. 

ad.      .    . 

„        Adverb. 

Alg.    .    . 

„        Algebra. 

Anat. 

„        Anatomy. 

Arch.       . 

„        Architecture. 

Arith.     . 

„         Arithmetic. 

Astrol.    .     . 

„        Astrology. 

Astron.   . 

„        Astronomy. 

Bot.    .     .     . 

„         Botany. 

Chem.      . 

„        Chemistry. 

Colloq.     . 

„         Colloquial. 

Com.  .     . 

,,        Commerce. 

conj.    .     . 

„        Conjunction. 

EccL  .    . 

„        Ecclesiastical. 

Eng.  .     .     . 

„        England,  or  English. 

Ent.    .     .     . 

,,        Entomology. 

Fort.  .     .     . 

„        Fortification. 

Fr.      .     .     . 

„        French. 

Geol.  .     .     . 

,,        Geology. 

Geom. 

„        Geometry, 

Gram.      . 

„        Grammar. 

Gr.      .     .     . 

Greek. 

Her.   .     .     . 

„        Heraldry. 

Ich.     .     .     . 

„         Ichthyology. 

infer/.      .     . 

„        Interjection. 

It.  .     .     . 

„        Italian. 

L.  .    .    . 

„        Latin. 

Log. stands  for  Logic. 


Math. 
Med.  . 
Met.    . 
Meteor. 
Mil.    . 
Min.  . 
Mus.  . 
Mythol. 
Naut. 
n.  .     . 
Ornith. 
Phys. . 
Physiol, 
pi..     . 
prep.  . 
Psychol. 
Rhet.  . 
Sculp, 
sing.   . 
Sp.      . 
Surg. 
Theol. 
U.S.  . 
V.  a.    . 
V.  n.   , 
Zool.   . 


Mathematics. 

Medicine. 

Metaphysics. 

Meteorology, 

Military. 

Mineralogy. 

Music. 

Mythology. 

Nautical. 

Noun. 

Ornithology. 

Physics. 

Physiology. 

Plural. 

Preposition. 

Psychology. 

Rhetoric. 

Sculpture. 

Singular. 

Spanish. 

Surgery. 

Theology. 

United  States. 

Verb  Active. 

Verb  Neuter. 

Zoology. 


Italics,  in  the  printing  of  a  word  or  a  phrase,  signify  that  the  expression  belongs  to  a 
foreign  language,  and  is  not  yet  completely  naturalized  in  English,  being  still  pronounced 
according  to  its  ovra  tongue. 

When  a  word  has  more  than  one  signification,  the  separate  groups  of  synonymes,  corre- 
sponding to  the  several  meanings,  are  designated  by  figures. 


Parts  of  synonymic  phrases,  enclosed  in  parentheses,  but  not  italicized,  are  eptional. 


,    »  1     »    » 


SYNONYMES. 


Ab&cTs.,  ad.  Back,  backward,  rearward,  regres- 
sively,  to  the  rear. 

A1>aft,  prep.  {Naui.)  Behind,  back  of,  in  the  rear 
of. 

Abaft,  ad.  {N^aut.)  Aft,  astern,  behind,  back, 
rearward,  in  the  rear. 

Abalienate,  v.  a.     I.  Alienate,  estrange. 

2.  {Law.)  Alienate,  transfer,  convey,  demise, 
make  over,  deliver  over 

Abalienation,  «.  (Law.)  Alienation,  transfer, 
demise,  conveyance. 

Abandon,  v.  a  I.  Leave,  relinquish,  quit,  for- 
sake, desert,  evacuate,  drop,  abjure,  forswear,  give 
over,  cast  ofE,  retire  from,  withdraw  from. 

2.  Surrender,  cede,  yield,  resign,  forego,  re- 
nounce, waive,  vacate,  deliver  up,  give  up,  part 
with,  let  go,  lay  down,  demit.     See  Abdicate. 

Abandoned,  a.  I.  Relinquished,  deserted,  for- 
saken, cast  away,  rejected^  discarded,  given  up, 
given  over,  cast  off,  cast  aside,  thrown  overboard, 
demitted. 

2.  Depraved,  corrupted,  corrupt,  profligate, 
vicious,  smful,  wicked,  dissolute,  reprobate,  grace- 
less, shameless,  unprincipled,  lost,  obdurate,  hard- 
ened, impenitent,  mcorrigible,  irreclaimable,  de- 
moralized, lost  to  shame,  dead  to  honor. 

Abandonment,  n.  I.  Abandoning,  relinquish- 
ment, desertion,  dereliction. 

2.  Renunciation,  surrender,  cession,  resigna- 
tion, abnegation,  abjuration,  rejection,  demission. 
See  Abdication. 

Abase,  V.  a.  I.  Depress,  detrude,  lower,  reduce, 
drop,  sink,  stoop,  cast  down,  let  down,  throw 
down,  let  fall. 

2.  Degrade,  humble,  disgrace,  dishonor,  hu- 
miliate, debase,  bring  low,  take  down. 

Abasement,  «.  I.  Depression,  detrusion,  reduc- 
tion, lowering,  fall,  deterioration,  degradation, 
debasement,  degeneracy,  degeneration,  vitiation, 
perversion,  depravation. 

2.  Abjectness,  abjection,  vileness,  baseness, 
contemptibleness,  despicableness,  ignominy,  tur- 
pitude, infamy.^ 

3.  Humiliation,  condescension,  submission, 
submissiveness,  resignation,  humility,  meekness, 
humbleness,  lowliness,  self-abasement. 

Abash,  V.  a.  Shame,  mortify,  confuse,  confound, 
disconcert,  discompose,  cow,  humiliate,  humble, 
snub,  put  to  shame,  make  ashamed,  put  down, 
put  out  of  countenance,  take  down,  send  away 
with  a  flea  m  one's  ear.     See  Discounthnancb. 

Abashment,  n.  Confusion,  shame,  mortification, 
embarrassment. 


Abate,  v.  a.  I.  Lessen,  diminish,  decrease,  re- 
duce, lower,  relax,  slacken. 

2.  Remit,  allow,  bate,  rebate,  deduct. 

3.  Moderate,  assuage,  mitigate,  soothe,  sofiten, 
qualify,  alleviate,  mollify,  allay,  appease,  pacify, 
compose,  tranquillize,  temper,  attemper,  quiet, 
quell,  calm,  dull,  blunt. 

4.  Batter  down,  beat  down,  demolish,  raze,  lay 
low. 

5.  {Law.)  Remove,  suppress,  terminate,  put 
an  end  to. 

Abate,  v.  n.  I.  Decrease,  diminish,  lessen,  sub- 
side, sink,  wane,  decline,  fall  away,  fall  off,  fade, 
fade  away,  ebb,  intermit,  slacken. 

2.  {Law.)  Be  defeated,  frustrated,  or  over- 
thrown, fail. 

Abatement,  «.  I.  Diminution,  decrease,  decre- 
ment, lessening,  mitigation,  moderation,  assuage- 
ment, extenuation,  remission. 

2.  Subsidence,  decline,  lowering,  sinking,  set- 
tling, wane,  fading,  evanishing,  evanishment,  ebb. 

3.  Discount,  allowance,  rebate,  deduction,  re- 
duction, drawback. 

Abattoir,  «.  Slaughter-house,  slaughter-pen, 
shambles. 

Abbey,  n.  Monastery,  convent,  cloister,  priory, 
nunnery. 

Abbreviate,  v.  a.  Shorten  {hy  cutting  off  \  curtail, 
reduce,  contract,  retrench,  condense,  compress, 
epitomize,  cut  short,  cut  down.     See  Abridge. 

Abbreyiation,  «.  Shortening  {by  cutting  off), 
curtailment,  contraction,  reduction,  condensation, 
compression,  brief,  compend,  compendium,  ab- 
stract, epitome.     See  Abridgment. 

Abdicate,  v.  a.  Resign  {an  office  or  dignity),  sur- 
render {a  right),  cede,  forego,  renounce,  relin- 
quish, abandon,  quit,  vacate,  give  up,  part  with, 
lay  down,  renounce  all  claim  to. 

Abdicate,  v.n.  Resign,  relinquish  office,  {espe- 
cially that  of  a  king ),  vacate  the  throne,  retire 
to  private  life,  go  into  retirement. 

Abdication,  n.  Abdicating,  resignation,  surrender, 
renunciation,  abandonment. 

Abdomen,  ».  Belly,  paunch,  ventral  region,  vis- 
ceral region,  visceral  cavity. 

Abdominal,  a.     Ventral. 

Abdominous,  a.  Large-bellied,  great-bellied,  big- 
belHed,  pot-bellied,  tun-bellied,  paunchy. 

Abduce,  V.  a.  (Anat.)  Withdraw,  draw  away, 
pull  back,  retract. 

Abduct,  V.  a.  Take  away  {surreptitiously  or  for- 
cibly, or  both),  kidnap,  carry  off,  run  away  with, 
run  o£E  with,  spirit  away,  drag  away. 


/.  S  S  oS  «-  .....ADDUCTION.  f 

AMltCtioil,  «.    I.  Withdrawing,  withdrawal,  with- 
drawment,  drawing  away. 
2.  Kidnapping,  etc.     See  Abduct. 

AMuctor,  n.     I.  Kidnapper,  etc. 

2.   {Anat.)    Muscle  drawing  from  the  axis. 

Aberdevine,  «.  Siskin  {jCarduelis  spinus^  Frin- 
gilla  spinus). 

AI)errance,  «.  Deviation,  departure,  wandering, 
roving,  roaming,  error,  aberrancy.  See  Aber- 
ration. 

A1)errant,  a.  I.  Deviating,  wandering,  rambling, 
diverging,  divergent,  devious,  erratic,  out  of  the 
right  way. 

2.  Irregular,  abnormal,  unnatural,  unusual,  sin- 
gular, peculiar,  anomalous,  unconformable,  ex- 
ceptional, strange,  anomalistic,  eccentric,  erratic, 
out  of  the  way,  disconnected,  inconsequent, 
idiotic,  monstrous,  preternatural. 

At>erration,  «.  I.  Deviation,  divergence,  wander- 
ing, rambling,  departure. 

2.  Irregularity,  eccentricity,  singularity,  pe- 
culiarity, strangeness,  unconformity,  anomaly, 
abnormity,  monstrosity. 

3.  Illusion,  delusion,  hallucination,  monoma- 
nia, self-deception, 

A1>et,  V.  a.  I.  Aid,  assist,  help,  support,  succor, 
second,  sustain,  upholjl,  back,  co-operate  with, 
take  part  with,  give  support  to,  embolden,  subsi- 
dize. 

2.  Favor,  encourage,  sanction,  countenance, 
advocate,  connive  at,  be  or  become  subsidiary  to. 

3.  (Law.)  Instigate  (to  commit  a  critfu)^ 
stimulate,  incite,  foment. 

A1)ettor,  n.  I.  Assistant,  helper,  aider,  coadjutor, 
co-operator,  ally,  auxiliary. 

2.  Advocate,  adviser,  promoter,  instigator. 

3.  Confederate,  accomplice,  accessory,  parti- 
ceps  criminis,  soctus  criminis. 

Al)eyance,  «.     I.  (Law.)   Expectation,  prospect, 
expectancy,  waiting,    anticipation,    calculation, 
contemplation. 
*  2.  Suspense,  suspension,  snspendedness,  reser- 

vation,  intermission,   remission,   dormancy,   qui- 
escence, suppression,  sublation. 

Al)llor,  V.  a.  Hate,  abominate,  detest,  loathe, 
nauseate,  shrink  from,  recoil  from,  revolt  at, 
shudder  at,  view  with  horror. 

Al^liorreiice,  «.  Abomination,  horror,  detestation, 
hatred,  loathing,  disgust,  antipathy,  aversion. 

Abhorrent,  a.  I.  Hating,  detesting,  abominat- 
ing, loathing. 

2.  Odious,  offensive,  shocking,  repugnant, 
hateful,  loathsome,  revolting,  nauseating,  horrify- 
ing, horrible,  repellent,  repulsive. 

Abide,  V.  n.  I.  Stay,  sojourn,  tarry,  lodge,  rest, 
keep,  take  up  one's  quarters,  pitch  one's  tent. 

2.  Dwell,  reside,  live,  inhabit,  settle,  plant 
one's  self,  get  a  footing,  get  a  foothold. 

3.  Remain,  continue,  persist,  persevere,  go  on, 
keep  on,  be  steadfast,  be  constant.    See  Subsist. 

4.  Endure,  last,  be  enduring,  be  indestructi- 
ble, be  permanent,  be  immutable. 

Abide,  V.  a.  I.  Await,  attend,  wait  for,  be  in 
readiness  for,  be  in  store  for. 

2.  Endure,  tolerate,  bear,  brook,  suffer,  bear 
with,  put  up  with,  sustain. 

Abide  by.  Act  up  to,  conform  to,  persist  in,  keep, 
fulfil,  discharcre  (of  promises,  and  the  like). 

Abidin?,  a.  Permanent,  lasting,  durable,  constant, 
continuing,  stable,  changeless,  unchangeable,  im- 
mutable. 

Ability,  «.  I.  Power  (to  execute  anything),  able- 
ness,  force,  potency,  niielit,  vigor,  efficiency,  eflS- 
cacy,  strength,  energy,  skill,  skilfulness,  dex'terity, 
addre«;s,  adroitness,  cleverness,  ingenuity,  talent, 
aptitude,  aptness,  knack,  expertness,  facility, 
quickness,  readiness. 


ABOMINABLE 


2.  Qualification,  competency,  suflScieiicy. 

3.  Capability,  capableness,  faculty,  gift,  parts, 
genius,  endowment,  calibre,  forte,  turn.  See 
Capacity. 

Abject,  a.  Base,  vile,  mean,  low,  despicable, 
contemptible,  beggarly,  paltry,  dirty,  squalid, 
grovelling,  pitiful,  ignoble,  degraded,  worthless, 
poor,  servile,  slavish,  menial,  cringing,  sneaking, 
sordid,  shabby,  scurvy,  miserable,  wretched,  low- 
minded,  base-minded,  earth-born,  earth-bred. 

Abjection,  «.    I.  (Rare.)    Humbling,  humiliation. 
2.  Abasement.     See  Abjectness. 

Abjectness,  «.  Meanness,  servility,  vileness, 
baseness,  abasement,  abjection,  contemptible- 
ness.     See  Abject. 

Abjuration,  ».  I.  Renunciation  («/<?«  <7«M),  relin- 
quishment, rejection,  abandonment,  abnegation, 
repudiation,  discarding,  disowning. 

2.  Recantation,  retraction,  revocation,  repeal, 
reversal,  recall,  disavowal,  disclaiming,  dis- 
claimer. 

Abjure,  V.  a.  I.  Renounce  {upon  oath),  relin- 
quish, forego,  reject,  forswear,  abandon,  give  up, 
cast  off,  discard,  repudiate,  disown. 

2.  Retract,  revoke,  recant,  recall,  withdraw, 
disavow,  disclaim,  take  back. 

Able,  a.  I.  Clever,  accomplished,  talented,  adroit, 
ingenious,  expert,  dexterous,  adroit,  apt,  quick, 
skilful,  efficient,  proficient,  good,  versed,  practical, 
au/ait. 

2.  Qualified,  fitted,  competent. 

3.  Capable,  gifted,  powerful,  strong,  mighty, 
highly  endowed,  of  talent,  of  great  talents. 

4.  Masterly,  effective,  telling,  nervous,  vig- 
orous. 

Ableness,  n.    See  Ability. 

Ablution,  «.  Washing  (especially  of  the  body^ 
as  a  religious  rite),  lavation,  bathing,  wash,  pu- 
rification, cleansing,  baptism. 

Abnegate,  v.  a.  (Rare.)  Deny,  reject,  renounce, 
abjure. 

Abnegation,  n.  Denial,  renunciation,  rejection, 
abandonment,  surrender.     See  Abjuration. 

Abnormal,  a.  Irregular,  anomalous,  anomalistic, 
unusual,  unnatural,  singular,  peculiar,  uncon- 
formable, exceptional,  heteroclite,  aberrant,  di- 
vergent, eccentric,  erratic,  strange,  monstrous, 
preternatural. 

Abnormity,  «•  Abnormality,  irregularity,  uncon- 
formity, anomaly,  peculiarity,  idiosyncrasy,  singu- 
larity, deformity,  monstrosity. 

Aboard,  ad.  On  board,  in  the  ship,  in  the  vessel, 
on,  inside,  within. 

Abode,  »•  I.  Habitation,  dwelling,  lodging,  domi- 
cile, home,  house,  seat,  place,  quarters,  head- 
quarters, place  of  residence. 

2.  (Rare.)  Continuance  (in  a  place),  stay, 
residence. 

Abolisb,  V.  a.  I.  Abrogate,  annul,  disannul,  re- 
peal, rescind,  revoke,  cancel,  nullify,  quash, 
vacate,  invalidate,  set  aside,  make  void. 

2.  Destroy,  overthrowj  subvert,  obliterate, 
extirpate,  eradicate,  annihilate,  extinguish,  sup- 
press, do  away,  put  an  end  to,  make  an  end  of, 
batter  down,  raze  to  the  ground,  not  to  leave 
one  stone  upon  another,  crush  out,  stamp  out, 
squelch  (colloq.).     See  Disestablish. 

Abolition,  «.  I.  Abrogation,  annulment,  annul- 
ling,  nullification,  rescinding,  revocation,  cancel- 
lation, cancelling,  repeal,  rescission. 

2.  Destruction,  overthrow,  subversion,  oblit- 
eration, extirpation,  eradication,  annihilation, 
extinction,    extinguishment,    suppression.      See 

DiSHSTA  RLISHMENT. 

Abominable,  a.  I.  Hateful,  odious,  detestable, 
horrid,  horrible,  execrable,  nefarious,  damnable, 
cursed,  accursed,  hellish. 


ABOMINATE 


ABSOLUTE 


2.  Loathsome,  loathly,  offensive,  obnoxious, 
foul,  nauseous,  nauseating,  disgusting,  sickening, 
repulsive,  revolting,  shocking. 

3.  Vile,  wretched,  sorry,  scurvy,  shabby,  utterly 
bad. 

Abominate^  v.  a.  Abhor,  detest,  execrate,  hate, 
loathe,  nauseate,  shrink  from,  recoil  Irom,  revolt 
at,  shudder  at,  view  with  horror. 

Abomination,  «.  I.  Abhorrence,  detestation,  ex- 
ecration, hatred,  loathing,  disgust,  antipathy, 
utter  aversion. 

2.  Contamination,  pollution,  defilement,  taint, 
uncleanness,  impurity,  foulness,  loathsomeness, 
odiousness,  corruption,  corruptness. 

3.  Nuisance,  annoyance,  plague,  infliction,  tor- 
ment, curse,  great  evil,  hateful  thing. 

Aboriginal^  a.  Primitive,  primeval,  primordial, 
pristine,  primary,  prime,  original,  first,  native,  in- 
digenous, autochthonal,  autochthonous,  of  eld. 

Aborigines,  «.  //.  Natives,  aboriginals,  primitive 
inhabitants,  autochthones,  indigenes,  indigenous 
population. 

Abortion,  «.  I.  Miscarriage,  premature  labor, 
premature  delivery, 

2.  Failure,  disappointment,  want  of  success, 
vain  effort  or-  attempt. 

Abortive,  a.  I.  Miscarrying,  failing,  untimely, 
immature,  incomplete,  stunted,  rudimentary,  ru- 
dimental. 

2.  Unavailing,  vain  fruitless,  useless,  bootless, 
ineffectual,  ineffective,  inoperative,  unsuccessful, 
profitless,  futile,  unprofitable,  idle,  nugatory,  in 
vain,  of  no  account. 

Abound,  v.  «.  I.  Teem,  swarm,  superabound, 
swell,  flow,  increase,  multiply,  be  in  great  plenty, 
be  numerous,  be  very  prevalent. 

2.  Exuberate,  luxuriate,  revel,  wanton,  be  well 
furnished,  be  well  supplied- 

AbOUt,  prep.  I.  Around,  round,  encircling,  sur- 
rounding. 

2.  Near,  near  to,  not  far  from. 

3.  Concerning,  touching,  respecting,  relating 
to,  relative  to,  with  respect  to,  with  reference  to, 
in  regard  to,  with  regard  to. 

4.  Through,  over,  all  over,  in  all  parts  of. 
About,  ad.     I.  Around,  hind  part  before,  end  for 

end,  in  an  opposite  direction. 

2.  Hither  and  thither,  here  and  there,  from  one 
place  to  another,  in  various  places. 

3.  Nearly,  near,  approximately,  not  far  from, 
almost,  well-nigh. 

4.  Ready,  on  the  point,  on  the  eve. 
Above,  prep.     I.  Higher  than,  on  top  of,  atop  of. 

2.  Over,  exceeding,  more  than,  greater  than. 

3.  Beyond,  superior  to. 

4.  Too  high  for,  too  proud  for,  of  rectitude  too 
great  for,  too  magnanimous  for. 

Above,  ad.  I.  Overhead,  aloft,  on  high,  in  a  high 
place,  in  heaven,  in  the  heavenly  heights,  in  ex- 
celsis. 

2.  Beforej  in  a  former  part,  previously, 

3.  Of  a  higher  rank  or  order. 

Above  all.  Chiefly,  in  the  first  place,  first  and 
foremost,  as  the  chief  end,  as  the  main  object, 
before  all  other  considerations. 

Above-board,  ad.  Openly,  candidly,  ingenuously, 
frankly,  sincerely,  fairly,  in  open  sight,  without 
artifice,  without  concealment,  without  equivoca- 
tion, without  guile,  without  disguise,  without 
mental  reservation. 

Abrade,  v.  a.  Wear  away,  wear  off,  rub  off.  See 
Scrape. 

Abrasion,  «.  Friction,  attrition,  rubbing,  disintegra- 
tion, wearing  away,  wearing  off,  rubbing  off,  rub- 
bing down,  wearing  down.    See  Confrication. 

Abreast,  ad.  I.  Alongside,  side  by  side,  In  one  line, 
m  alignment,  aligned,  bow  to  bow,  stem  to  stem. 


2.  Against,  off,  on  a  line  with,  opposite  to. 
Abridge,  v.  a.     I.  Shorten,  epitomize,  condense, 
compress,  make  an  abstract  of. 

2.  Diminish,  reduce,  contract,  curtail,  lessen, 
retrench,  cut  down.     See  Abbreviate. 

3.  Deprive  of,  dispossess  of,  divest  of. 

Abridger,  «•     Epitomizer,  writer  of  an  epitome. 

Abridgment,  »■  I.  Shortening,  compression,  con- 
densation, compacting,  contraction,  dimmution, 
reduction,  curtailment,  retrenchment.  iSee  Ab- 
breviation. 

2.  Compendium,  compend,  epitome,  summary, 
abstract,  digest,  synopsis,  syllabus,  breviary, 
brief,  conspectus,  outline,  bird's-eye  view. 

3.  Deprivation,  dispossession,  limitation,  re- 
striction, 

Abroacb,  ad.     I.  Broached,  tapped,  on  tap,  flow- 
ing, aflow,  running, 
2.  A-going,  diffused,  diffusive. 

Abroad,  ad.  i.  Widely,  at  large,  expansively,  in 
all  directions,  unrestrainedly,  ubiquitously. 

2.  Forth,  out  of  the  house,  out  of  doors,  in  the 
open  air. 

3.  In  foreign  lands,  away  from  one's  country, 
over  sea,  beyond  seas,  on  one's  travels. 

4.  Extensively,  before  the  public,  publicly. 

5.  Confused,  dazed,  at  the  end  of  one's  wits, 
all  at  fault,  quite  confounded,  off  the  scent,  on 
the  wrong  track,  aside  of  the  mark,  off  the  course, 
without  the  least  clew. 

Abrogate,  v.  a.  Annul,  disannul,  repeal,  revoke, 
rescind,  cancel,  abolish,  nullify,  quash,  vacate,  in- 
validate, overrule,  set  aside,  do  away,  void,  make 
void. 

Abrogation,  «,  Repeal,  rescission,  rescinding, 
abolition,  annulment,  annulling,  revocation,  void- 
ance,  voiding,  making  void,  cancelling,  cancella- 
tion, setting  aside. 

Abrupt,  a.  I.  Broken,  cragged,  craggy,  rough, 
rugged,  jagged. 

2.  Steep,  precipitous,  acclivous,  acclivitous. 

3.  Sudden,  unexpected,  unanticipated,  precipi- 
tate, hasty,  unseasonable,  ill-timed,  unlooked  for, 
unannounced. 

4.  Short,  blunt,  unceremonious,  curt,  brusk 
{or  brusque),  rude,  rough,  inconsiderate,  uncora- 
plaisant,  discourteous. 

5.  Inelegant  (as  style),  stiff,  cramped,  harsh, 
disconnected,  unconnected. 

Abscess,  n.  Sore,  ulcer,  fester,  imposthume,  pus- 
tule, gathering,  boil. 

Abscond,  V.  n.  I.  Withdraw,  flee,  fly,  decamp, 
escape,  elope,  retreat,  bolt,  make  off,  steal  awav, 
slink  away,  slip  away,  run  away,  run  off,  sneak  off, 
pack  off,  effect  one's  escape,  make  off  with  one's 
self,  give  the  slip,  take  French  leave,  give  leg 
bail  {Am.). 

2.  Hide,  secrete  one's  self,  lie  concealed. 

Absence,  «,     I,  Non-attendance,  non-appearance. 

2.  Inattention,  abstraction,  preoccupation,  dis- 
traction, revery,  musing,  brown  study,  absence  ol 
mind. 

3.  Want,  deficiency,  lack,  default,  defect. 

4.  Privation,  negation. 
Absent,/;.     I.  Away,  gone,  not  present. 

2.  Abstracted,  preoccupied,  inattentive,  .dream- 
ing, musing,  lost,  napping,  absent-minded,  in  a 
brown  study. 

Absent-minded,  a.  Abstracted,  preoccupied.  See 
Absent. 

Absent  one's  self.  Be  not  present,  stay  away, 
keep  away,  keep  aloof,  hold  aloof. 

Absolllte,  a.      I.  Independent,  unrestricted,  un- 
qualified, unlimited,  unconditional, unconditioned, 
complete,  perfect,  self-existent,  self-determined, 
ideal,  supreme,  causa  sui. 
2.    Despotic,  arbitrary,  tyrannical,  tyrannous, 


ABSOLUTELY 


ABUTMENT 


imperious,  imperative,  authoritative,  autocratic, 
dictatorial,  irresponsible. 

3.  Positive,  actual,  real,  veritable,  determinate, 
decided,  genuine,  categorical,  unequivocal,  un- 
questionable, certain. 

Aoisolutely,  ad.  I.  Completely,  unconditionally, 
without  limit,  definitely. 

2.  Truly,  actually,  positively,  indeed,  really, 
in  fact,  in  reality,  in  truth,  unquestionably,  indu- 
bitably, beyond  peradventure,  infallibly. 

Al>SOluteness,  »■  I.  Despotism,  arbitrariness.  See 
Absolutism. 

2.  Positiveness,  reality,  actuality,  perfection, 
ideality,  supremeness,  etc.     See  Absolute. 

AbSOlutlOJlr  n.  Acquittal,  remission,  discharge, 
release,  liberation,  deliverance,  clearance,  tor- 
giveness,  pardon,  shriving,  shrift.  See  Indul- 
gence^ Justification. 

Absolutism,  n.  Absoluteness,  arbitrariness,  des- 
potism, tyranny,  autocracy,  personal  government, 
Caesarism,  the  "  man  on  horseback." 

Absolutory,  a.  Clearing,  acquitting,  releasing, 
pardoning,  forgiving,  absoivalory. 

Absolvatory,  a.    See  Absolutory. 

Absolve,  V.  a.  Acquit,  clear,  release,  liberate, 
free,  discharge,  loose,  deliver,  exculpate,  exoner- 
ate, excuse,  lorgive,  pardon,  shrive,  set  free.  See 
Justify. 

Absorb,  v.  a.  I.  Imbibe,  take  in,  take  up,  suck 
in,  suck  up,  drink  in,  appropriate,  assimilate. 

2.  Consume,  exhaust,  destroy,  engorge,  devour, 
engulf,  swallow  up. 

3.  Engross,  engage,  immerse,  occupy,  arrest, 
fix,  rivet. 

Absorbent,  a.    Absorbing,  imbibing. 

Absorption, «.  I.  Absorbing.  See  Absorb,  i  and  2. 
2.  Engrossment,  occupation,  engagement,  im- 
mersion. 

Abstain,  v.  n.  Refrain,  forbear,  desist,  deny  one's 
self,  hold  or  keep  one's  self  back,  stay  one's  hand, 
keep  one's  self  from  indulgence 

Abstemious,  a.  Abstinent  [dy  Jmbit),  sober,  mod- 
erate, habitually  temperate,  sparing  in  diet  See 
Abstinent. 

Abstemiousness,  n.  Temperance  {as  a  habit)., 
abstinence. 

Abstergent, a.  {Med.)  Cleansing,  purifying,  pur- 
gative, cathartic. 

Abstinence,  «.  I.  Abstaining,  refraining,  keeping 
aloof,  avoidance. 

2.  Abstemiousness,  soberness,  temperance, mod- 
eranon,  non-indulgence,  self-restraint,  self-denial. 

Abstinent,  a.  _  I.  Abstaining,  fas'ing. 

2.  Abstemious,  sober,  temperate,  self-restrain- 
ing, self-denying,  not  indulgent  of  appetites. 

Abstract,  v.  a.  I.  Separate,  disunite,  disjoin,  dis- 
sociate, isolate,  detach,  disengage,  take  out  of 
context,  take  out  of  its  proper  whole,  view  par- 
tially, view  one-sidedly,  regard  without  refer- 
eiice  to  relations,  consider  in  bare  thought,  think 
without  the  definiteness  of  sense-perception,  think 
vaguely. 

2.  Take,  seize,  appropriate,  steal,  purloin. 

3.  Abridge,  abbreviate,  epitomize,  make  an  ab-^ 
stract  of,  outline,  make  synopsis  of. 

Abstract,  a.     I.  Separate,  isolated,  not  concrete, 
out  of  context,  unrelated,  simple,  by  itself, /^rj^. 
2.  Occult,  recondite,  subtile,  refined,  abstract- 
ed, vague.     See  Abstruse. 

Abstract,  «-  Abridgment,  epitome,  summary,  con- 
spectus, compend,  compendium,  synopsis,  syl- 
labus, outline,  digest,  brief,  breviary,  sum  and 
substance,  concise  statement,  gist,  drift,  general 
contents. 

Ab.Stracted,  a.     I,  Subtile,   refined,  abstract,  ab- 
struse. 
2.  Inattentive,    preoccupied,  lost,    dreaming. 


musing,  absent,  absent-minded,  in  a  revery,  in  a 
brown  study. 
Abstraction,  «.  I.  Separation,  disconnection,  dis- 
junction, isolation,  partial  view,  consideration 
without  completeness,  severing  from  context,  ig- 
noring of  relations,  blindness  to  the  proper  whole. 

2.  Preoccupation,  inattention,  revery,  musing, 
muse,  absence,  absence  of  mind,  brown  study. 

3.  Taking,  abduction,  seizure,  appropriation, 
stealing,  purloining,  pilfering. 

Abstruse,  a.  Recondite,  remote,  occult,  profound, 
hidden,  transcendental,  obscure,  difficult,  dark, 
vague,  indefinite,  enigmatical,  mysterious,  mystic, 
mystical,  high,  abstract,  abstracted,  subtile,  re- 
fined, attenuated,  rarified. 

Absurd,  a.  Unreasonable,  irrational,  foolish,  non- 
sensical, ridiculous,  incongruous,  senseless,  un- 
wise, silly,  stupid,  preposterous,  ill-judged,  ill- 
advised,  contrary  to  reason,  contrary  to  the 
dictates  of  common  sense,  self-contradictory, 
self-annulling,  nugatory,  self-cancelling. 

Absurdity,  «.  I.  Unreasonableness,  irrationality, 
foolishness,  folly,  foolery,  extravagance,  absurd- 
ness,  nugacity,  fatuity,  idiocy,  drivelling. 

2.  Absurd  thing,  drivel,  hysteronproteron.  See 
Paradox,  Mare's  Nest,  Cart  before  the 
Horse. 

Absurdness,  «.    See  Absurdity. 

Absurd  story.  Cock-and-bull  story,  fiddle-faddle, 
neither  rhyme  nor  reason,  old  wives'  tale,  pure 
drivel. 

Abundance,  «.  Flow,  flood,  overflow,  exuberance, 
luxuriance,  fertility,  copiousness,  profusion,  rich- 
ness, largeness,  ampleness,  wealth,  affluence, 
store,  more  than  enough,  plenty,  plenteousness. 

Abundant,  a.     Abounding,   flowing,   overflowing, 

f)lentiful,  plenteous,  copious,  much,  exuberant, 
uxuriant,  replete,  full,  large,  ample,  good,  liberal, 
bountiful,  lavish,  rich,  teeming,  thick. 
Abuse,  V.  a.  I.  Misuse,  misemploy,  misapply, 
pervert,  prostitute,  desecrate,  dishonor,  protane, 
pollute,  make  an  ill  use  of^  deceive,  impose  on, 
betray,  cajole,  seduce  by  cajolery. 

2.  Maltreat,  harm,  injure,  hurt,  ill-treat,  ill-use. 

3.  Revile,  reproach,  vilify,  slander,  traduce, 
defame,  asperse,  inveigh  against,  carp  at,  malign, 
blacken,  disparage,  berate,  rate,  betongue,  up- 
braid, calumniate,  lampoon,  satirize,  lash,  pas- 
quinade, rail  at,  sneer  at,  speak  ill  of,  calumniate, 
treat  with  contumely,  pour  contumely  on.  See 
Vituperate. 

4.  Violate,  outrage,  ravish,  deflour. 

Abuse,  n.  I.  Misapplication,  misuse,  misemploy- 
ment,  dishonor,  dishonoring,  profanation,  prosti- 
tution, desecration,  pollution,  perversion,  ill-use. 

2.  Maltreatment,  outrage,  ill-treatment,  bad 
treatment. 

3.  Corrupt  practice,  malfeasance,  malversation. 

4.  Vituperation,  railing,  reviling,  vilification, 
defamation,  aspersion,  dis^paragement,  rating,  up- 
braiding, contumely,  obloquy,  opprobrium,  insult, 
scurrility,  ribaldry,  foul  invective,  rude  reproach, 
billingsgate. 

Abusive,  a.  Reproachful,  opprobrious,  scurrilous, 
ribald,  contumelious,  vituperative,  condemnatory, 
damnatory,  invective,  carping,  calumnious,  de- 
nunciatory, injurious,  offensive,  reviling,  insult- 
ing, insolent. 

Abut  against.  I  Meet  {end  to  end  or  side  to  side), 

Abut  upon.  I  be  contiguous,  adjoin,  be  adja- 
cent to,  terminate  at  or  upon,  be  conterminous 
with,  be  juxtaposed. 

Abutment,  n.  l.  Abutting,  being  contiguous  or 
adjacent,  adjoining,  adjacency,  contiguity,  juxta- 
position. 

2.  Shore-pier,  end-pier,  terminal  pier,  terminal 
support. 


ABUTTAL 


ACCOMPLISH 


Atmttalt  ft.  I,  Adjacency,  "contiguity,  nearness, 
juxtaposition,  being  next,  boundary,  terminus, 
limit,  termination. 

2.  Terminal  land,  adjacent  ground,  contiguous 
estate,  next  holding,  adjoining  property. 

Abyss,  «.  I.  Gulf,  gorge,  great  depth,  deep  pit, 
abysm,  depth,  deep,  chasm,  profound. 

2.  Hell,  limbo,  purgatory,  the  pit,  bottomless 
pit,  the  nadir,  gehenna,  fire  unquenchable,  the 
lake  that  burneih  forever. 

Academic,      [  a.     I.  Scholastic,  literary,  lettered, 

Academlcalt  i     collegiate,  of  the  college,  of  the 
university. 
2.  Platonic,  of  Plato,  platonistic. 

Academy,  «•  School,  seminary,  institute,  gym- 
nasium, high  school,  college,  scientific  body,  asso- 
ciation of  artists,  litterateurs,  or  savants. 

Acarpous,  a.  {Bot.)  Unfruitful,  sterile,  barren, 
fruitless,  unproductive. 

Accede,  v.  «  I.  Consent,  agree,  assent,  acquiesce, 
comply,  yield  assent,  give  assent, 

2.  Succeed  (as  heir),  come  to  inherit,  ascend 
the  throne. 

3.  Be  joined,  be  added,  unite  itself. 
Accelerate,  v.  a.     Hasten,  expedite,  hurry,  quick- 
en,  speed,  precipitate,   despatch,   urge  forward, 
push  forward,  push  on,  press  on,  urge  on. 

Acceleration,  «.  Hastening,  increase  of  velocity. 
See  preceding  verb. 

Accent,  «•  I.  Intonation,  cadence,  tone,  modu- 
lation of  voice. 

2.  Stress  (on  a  certain  syllable),  ictus,  cadence, 
tone,  beat. 

Accent,  v.  a.  Accentuate,  lay  stress  upon,  pro- 
nounce with  accent,  put  the  ictus  on. 

Accents,  n.  pi.  Language,  words,  tones,  expres- 
sions, utterances,  mode  of  speech. 

Accentuate,  v.  a.  I.  Mark  with  accent,  put  the 
mark  of  accent  upon. 

2.  Accent,  lay  stress  upon,  pronounce  with  ac- 
cent, put  the  ictus  on. 

Accept,  V.  a.  I.  Take  (what  is  offered).  See 
Receive.  _ 

2.  Admit,  assent  to,  agree  to,  accede  to,  ac- 
quiesce in,  accommodate  one's  self  to,  approve, 
acknowledge,  avow. 

3.  Estimate,  regard,  value,  interpret,  construe, 
put  a  sense  upon. 

Acceptable,  a.  Welcome,  pleasing,  pleasant,  agree- 
able, grateful,  gratifying. 

Acceptance,  «.  I.  Accepting,  taking,  reception, 
receipt,  acknowledgment. 

2.  Favorable  reception,  approbation,  approval, 
gratification,  satisfaction,  pleasure. 

3.  (Com.)     Accepted  bill  (of  exchange). 
Acceptation,  «.     I.  Meaning,  signification,  signifi- 
cance, sense,  import,  interpretation,  construction, 
mode  of  explanation,  understanding. 

2.  Approval,  adoption,  cordial  reception,  favor- 
able regard. 
Access,  n.      I.  Avenue,  approach,  passage,  way, 
passage-way,  way  of  approach,  entrance,  entrance- 
way,  adit,  entry. 

2.  Admission,  admittance,  means  of  approach, 
liberty  to  approach,  audience,  interview,  entrance. 

3.  Accession,  addition^  increase,  aggrandize- 
ment, enlargement,  gain,  mcrement,  more. 

4.  Attack  (of  disease,  etc.),  onset,  fit,  parox- 
ysm, recurrence. 

Accessary,  a.  Accessory,  assisting,  aiding,  abet- 
ting, helping,  subsidiary,  ancillary,  auxiliary,  ad- 
ditional, additive,  supplemental,  supplementary, 
subordinate,  of  detail,  of  minor  importance,  con- 
cerning minutiae. 

Accessary,  «.  I.  Confederate,  accomplice,  abettor, 
accessory,  assistant,  helper,  coadjutor,  associate 
(in  a  crime) ,  particeps  criminis,  socius  criminis. 


2,  Accessory,  detail,  minor  particular,  minor 
part,  subordinate  element,  subsidiary,  accompani- 
ment, attendant,  concomiunt,  supporting  mem- 
ber, minutia. 

Accession,  «.     I.  Addition,  increase,  enlargement, 
augmentation,  extension. 
2.  Coming  into  power  (as  a  new  dynasty). 

Accessory,  a.     Same  as  Accessary. 

Accessory,  «.     I.  Confederate.     See  Accessary. 
2.    Accompaniment,    attendant,    concomitant. 
See  Accessary,  2. 

Accidence,  «.  Intlection,  grammatical  variation, 
variation  of  stems,  application  of  case-endings 
a«a?  conjugation-endings,  inflectional  etymology, 
changes  undergone  by  lingual  roots. 

Accident,  «.  I.  Casualty,  chance,  fortuity,  mis- 
chance, misadventure,  calamity,  mishap,  miscar- 
riage, misfortune,  hap,  hazard,  contingency,  un- 
foreseen or  fortuitous  event.  See  Contretemps. 
2.  Property,  quality,  modification,  affection, 
mode,  condition,  state,  change,  alteration,  attri- 
bute, contingent  attribute,  modalization. 

Accidental,  a.  I.  Casual,  fortuitous,  contingent, 
that  happens  by  chance,  not  designed,  not 
planned,  unintended,  chance,  undesigned,  not 
purposed. 

2.  Incidental,  adventitious,  non-essential,  im- 
material, dispensable,  not  absolutely  requisite. 
de facto  but  not  dejure.,  that  has  merely  happened 
to  be. 

AccidentalneSS,  «.  Accidentality,  contingency, 
fortuity,  fortuitousness,  etc.     See  Accidental. 

Accipitres,  «. //.  [L.]  (Omith.)  Raptors,  rap- 
torials,  rapacious  birds,  birds  of  prey.  See  Rap- 
tores. 

Acclaim,  «.    {^Poetical.)    See  Acclamation. 

Acclamation,  «•  Applause,  plaudit,  shouting, 
cheer,  cry,  outcry,  iclat,  acclaim,  shout  of  ap- 
plause, loud  homage,  gratulation,  salutation, 
hosanna,  te  deutn,  gloria  in  excelsis 

Acclimate,  v.  a.  Acclimatize,  inure  or  habituate 
to  a  climate. 

Acclimation,  n.  Acclimature,  acclimatization,  ac- 
climatation,  acclimatement,  inurement  to  climate, 
adjustment  to  climate. 

Acclimatize,  v.  a.     Same  as  Acclimate. 

Acclivity,  «.  Ascent,  upward  slope,  rising  ground, 
steep,  hill,  height,  up-hillway. 

Accommodate,  f.  a.  I.  Oblige,  serve,  supply,  fur- 
nish, do  a  service  for,  supply  the  wants  of,  min- 
ister to  the  convenience  of,  make  comfortable, 
contain,  hold,  furnish  room  for. 

2.  Fit,  suit,  adapt,  make  conform,  make  con- 
formable, make  consistent,  make  correspond. 

3.  Reconcile,  adjust,  settle,  compose,  har- 
monize. 

Accommodate  with.  Furnish,  supply,  afford, 
spare,  give. 

Accommodation,  «.  I.  Advantage,  privilege,  con- 
venience, supply  of  wants,  provision  of  conve- 
niences.    See  Easement. 

2.  Agreement,  adaptation,  fitness,  suitableness, 
conformity. 

3.  Reconciliation,  adjustment,  pacification,  set- 
tlement, harmony,  harmonization,  harmonizing. 

Accompaniment,  «.  Appendage,  concomitant,  at- 
tendant, adjunct,  attachment,  appurtenance. 

Accompany,  v.  a.  Attend,  escort,  convoy,  follow, 
wait  on,  be  associated  with,  keep  company  with, 
go  with,  go  along  with,  consort  with,  go  hand  in 
hand  with. 

Accomplice,  n.  Confederate,  accessary,  abettor, 
associate  iin  a  crime).  See  Particeps  Criminis, 
Socius  Criminis. 

Accomplish,  v.  a.  I.  Complete,  achieve,  effect, 
execute,  perform,  do,  consummate,  compass, 
carry,  carry  into  effect,  carry  through,  carry  out. 


ACCOMPLISHED 


ACERBITY 


get  through,  bring   about,   work  out,  turn   out, 
turn  off. 

2.  Finish,  end,  conclude,  terminate. 

3.  Fulfil,  realize,  effectuate,  bring  to  pass. 

4.  {Rare.)     Equip,  furnish,  supply. 
Accomplistiea,  a.     I.  Instructed,  educated,  prac- 
tised, experienced,  finished,  consummate,    ripe, 
thorough-bred,  versed,  qualified,  proficient,  able, 
clever,  apt,  adroit,  expert,  skilful. 

2.  Polished,  refined,  polite,  elegant,  fashion- 
able, fine. 

Accomplislmieilt,  n.  I.  Completion,  performance, 
execution,  achievement,  consummation,  fulfilment. 
See  Accomplish. 

'2.  Acquirement,  attainment,  proficiency,  stock 
of  knowledge,  mental  resources,  embehishment 
(of  mind  and  manners),  ornamental  acquisition, 
ornament,  adornment,  grace. 

Accord,  V.  a.  Grant,  concede,  yield,  give,  allow, 
vouchsafe,  deign. 

Accord,  V.  n.  Harmonize,  correspotid,  agree,  tally, 
quadrate,  be  in  unison,  be  harmonious,  square. 

Accord,  «.    Accordance,  agreement.     See  next. 

Accordance,  «.  Accord,  concord,  agreement,  con- 
currence, concordance,  conformity,  conformation, 
harmony,  unison,  unanimity. 

Accordant,  a.  Agreeable,  agreeing,  suitable,  in 
accord  (with),  consonant,  congruous,  sympho- 
niousj  harmonious. 

Accordingly,  ad.  I.  Agreeably,  suitably,  con- 
formably. 

2.  Consequently,  therefore,  hence,  wherefore, 
whence,  thence,  then,  thus,  so,  and  so,  as  a  natu- 
ral consequence,  as  proper  to  the  circumstances  or 
the  occasion. 

According  to.  By,  in  accordance  with,  conform- 
ably to,  agreeably  to. 

Accost,  V.  a.  Come  alongside,  confront,  approach, 
draw  near,  address,  salute,  greet,  speak  to,  make 
up  to. 

Accouchement,  «•  [Fr.]  Child-bearing,  child- 
bed, child-birth,  delivery,  confinement,  lying-in, 
parturition,  labor,  travail,  being  in  the  straw. 

Acconcheur,  «.    [Fr.]    Man-midwife,  obstetrician. 

Accoucheuse,  n.  [Fr.]  Midwife,  howdy  {or 
howdie). 

Account,  ».    I.  Record,  regi'^ter,  inventory,  score. 

2.  Bill,  charge,  registry  of  debt  and  credit. 

3.  Reckoning,  computation,  calculation,  enu- 
meration, tale,  count. 

4.  Description,  statement,  narration,  recital, 
rehearsal,  relation,  narrative,  chronicle,  history, 
delineation,  representation,  portrayal,  detail, 
word,  tidings,  report. 

5.  Explanation,  exposition,  clearing  up,  eluci- 
dation, exhibition  of  causes,  reference  to  grounds, 
exploration  into  fjrinciples,  philosophy. 

6.  Consideration,  regard,  motive,  reason, 
ground,  sake. 

7.  Consequence,  importance,  worth,  distinction, 
dignity,  repute,  reputation,  note. 

8.  Profit,  advantage.     See  Benefit. 
Account,  V.  a.     Esteem,  regard,  deem,  judge,  be- 
lieve,   take    for,    think,    hold,    consider,    view, 
reckon,  rate,  estimate,  look  upon. 

Account,  V.  n.  [With  with  or  to  before  persons, 
and_/<7r  before  things.]  I.  Render  an  account, 
answer  in  judgment,  answer  responsibly. 

2.  Explain,  elucidate,  expound,  trace  to  causes, 
give  the  philosophy  of,  clear  up,  exhibit  the 
grounds,  give  a  reason,  show  the  reason,  render 
a  reason,  assign  the  cause,  make  explanation  of. 

Accountability,  «.  Accountableness,  responsi- 
bility, liability,  obligation,  bond  of  duty,  the 
having  to  answer  for,  amenability. 

Accountable,  a.  Responsible,  answerable,  amen- 
able, liable,  in  duty  bound. 


Accountableness,  «.    See  Accountability. 

Accountant,  n.     Book-keeper,  expert  in  accounts. 

Accoutre,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Accouter.1  Dress, 
equip,  furnish,  fit  out,  arm  and  equip,  array  in 
mail,  array  in  military  harness,  harness,  array  for 
the  field,  equip  for  the  fight. 

Accoutrements,  «.//.  [Written  also  Accouter- 
ments.'\  Dress,  equipage,  equipments,  trap- 
pings, gear,  harness,  array. 

Accredit,  v.  a-  Credit,  give  trust  or  confidence 
to,  give  credit  or  honor  to,  receive  as  an  envoy, 
receive  as  commissioned,  empowered,  or  author- 
ized, authorize,  empower,  commission,  depute, 
send  with  credentials. 

Accretion,  «.  I.  Growth  {by  accession  of  parts)  ^ 
accumulation,  increase  by  adhesion. 

2.  {Med.)     Growing  together,  adhesion. 

3.  {Law.)  Gradual  accumulation  {of  soil^  as 
at  the  mouth  of  a  river). 

Accrue,  v.  n.  Result,  proceed,  come,  arise,  issue, 
follow,  flow,  ensue,  be  added,  be  derived,  be 
gained,  be  got,  come  in,  accumulate  (intrans.). 

Accumbent,  a.     Leaning,  reclining. 

Accumulate,  v.  a.  I.  Pile,  amass,  aggregate, 
collect,  collect  together,  gather  up,  pile  up, 
heap  up,  bring  together,  heap  together,  scrape 
together. 

2.  Store,  garner,  husband,  treasure  up,  gamer 
up,  lay  up,  lay  by,  lay  in,  set  by.     See  Hoard. 

Accumulate,  v.  n.  Increase,  grow,  be  accumu- 
lated, be  heaped  up,  accrue. 

Accumulation,  «■  Collection,  pile,  heap,  aggre- 
gation, mass,  accretion,  amount  accrued,  store, 
hoard,  hoarding. 

Accuracy,  «•  Accurateness,  exactness,  exactitude, 
correctness,  precision,  niceness,  nicety,  truth,  ac- 
curateness, fidelity,  faithfulness,  carefulness,  cor- 
rectness, closeness,  strictness. 

Accurate,  a.  Exact,  correct,  precise,  true,  truth- 
ful, faithful,  strict,  close,  rigorous,  severe,  just, 
nice,  unerring. 

Accurateness, «.    See  Accuracy. 

Accursed,  a.  I.  Cursed,  unsanctified,  unholy, 
diabolic,  devilish,  hellish,  infernal,  doomed, 
damned. 

2.  Detestable,  execrable,  hateful,  abominable, 
odious,  horrid,  horrible,  damnable,  revolting. 
See  Abominable. 

Accusation,  n.  Crimination,  impeachment,  ar- 
raignment, indictment,  charge.     See  Accuse. 

Accuse,  v-  a.  Charge,  impeach,  arraign,  indict, 
criminate,  incriminate,  inculpate,  tax,  inform 
against,  call  to  account,  take  to  task,  blame, 
censure. 

Accuser,  «.  Informer,  informant,  plaintiflf,  com- 
plainant, prosecutor. 

Accustom,  V.  a.  Habituate,  inure,  use,  harden, 
familiarize,  train,  discipline,  drill,  break  in.  See 
Addict. 

Accustomed,  a.  Usual,  habitual,  wonted,  habitu- 
ated, customary,  familiar,  common,  frequent,  reg- 
ular, ordinary^,  every-day. 

Ace,  n.  I.  Single  point  (in  cards  or  in  dice),  sin- 
gle pip,  single  spot,  one-spot,  head  of  suit- 

2.  Particle,  item,  atom,  jot,  iota,  bit,  tittle, 
whit,  grain,  scrap,  mite,  corpuscle,  scintilla,  trifle, 
fig. 

Acephalous,  a.  Headless,  without  organization, 
disnrganized,_  confused,  anarchical,  disorderly, 
lumbering,  aimless,  shapeless,  amorphous 

Acerbity,  n.  I.  Sourness,  astringency,  roughness, 
acidity,  acidness,  tartness,  acridity,  acridness, 
bitterness. 

2.  Acrimony,  acrimoniousness,  severity,  harsh- 
ness, sternness,  asperity,  bitterness,  venom,  ran- 
cor, crabbedness,  churlishness,  moroseness,  sul- 
lenness,  ill-temper. 


ACETIC  ACID 


ACT 


Acetic  acid.    See  Vinegar. 

Ache,  n.  Aching,  dull  pain,  continued  pain,  pain, 
anguish,  agony. 

Ache,  V.  n.     I.  Be  in  pain,  feel  or  suffer  pain. 
2.  Be  painful,  give  pain,  be  anguished,  sorrow, 
grieve,  suffer. 

Aulieve,  v.  «.  I.  Accomplish,  perform,  execute, 
do,  complete,  finish,  compass,  consummate, 
eflfect,  realize,  bring  about,  bring  to  pass,  carry 
through,  carry  out,  work  out,  bring  to  a  close, 
bring -to  conclusion,  bring  to  consummation  or 
perfection,  actualize. 
2.  Obtain,  acquire,  procure,  gain,  win,  get. 

Achievement,  «.  I.  Performance,  accomplish- 
ment, completion,  attainment,  realization,  con- 
summation. 

2.  Exploit,  feat,  deed,  work. 

3.  Escutcheon,  shield,  ensign  armorial. 
Aching,  «.     Pain,  ache,  continued  pain. 
Achromatic,  a.      Colorless,  uncolored,  untinged, 

hueless,  free  from  color,  perfectly  transparent. 

Achromatism,  n.  Absence  of  color,  want  of  color, 
freedom  from  color,  perfect  transparency,  freedom 
from  iridescence. 

Achromatize,  v.  a.  Deprive  of  color,  render  non- 
iridescent,  make  perfectly  transparent,  render 
purely  translucent. 

Acicular,  a.  {Bot.)  Aciculate,  aciform,  needle- 
shaped. 

Aciculate,  <7.    ^Bot)     See  Aocular. 

Acid,  a.  Sour,  tart,  sharp,  pricking,  stinging, 
pungent. 

Acidity,  «.  Acidness,  sourness,  tartness,  sharpness. 

Acidness,  «.     See  Acidity. 

Acidulous,  a.  Sourish,  somewhat  acid,  slightly 
acid,  sub-acid,  somewhat  sour. 

Aciform,  a.    {Bat)    See  Acicular. 

Acinaciform,  a.    {Boi.)    Cimeter-shaped. 

Acknowledge,  v.  a.  I.  Recognize,  take  cogni- 
zance of,  be  aware  of,  hold  in  remembrance. 

2.  Admit,  grant,  concede,  allow,  accept,  indorse, 
subscribe  to,  agree  to. 

3.  Confess,  own,  avow,  profess. 

4.  Express  gratitude  for,  give  thanks  for. 

5.  Own  or  admit  the  validity  of. 
Acknowledgment,   n.     I.   Recognition,  recogni- 
zance. 

2.  Admission,  avowal,  concession,  allowance, 
acceptance,  indorsement. 

3.  Expression  of  thanks  <7r  gratitude. 
Acme,    «       Summit,    top,   apex,    vertex,   zenith, 

peak,  pinnacle,  utmost  height,  highest  point,  cul- 
mination, culminating  point,  climax. 

Acolyte,  «.  Follower,  attendant,  under-clergy- 
man,  satellite,  henchman,  retainer,  acolythe, 
acolyth.     See  Adherent. 

Aconite,  «.     Wolfsbane,  monks-hood. 

Acquaint,  v.  a.     I,  Familiarize,  make  familiar. 

2.  Inform,  apprise,  tell,  notify,  make  aware, 

make  known   to,   mention  to,   communicate  to, 

signify  to,  give  notice  to,   send  word   to,   write 

word  to,  advise  of,  advertise  of,  send  advices  to. 

Acquaintance,  ».  I.  Familiarity,  familiar  knowl- 
edge. 

2.  Friend  {with  whom,  one  is  not  intimate), 
circle  known,  visiting  circle,  round  of  one's  social 
intercourse,  person  or  persons  knowm. 

Acquainted  with.  I.  Familiar  with,  versed  in, 
aufait  in. 

2.  A  friend  of  {without  being  intimate  with), 
in  social  relations  with,  knowing  personally. 

Acquiesce,  v.  n.  I.  Yield,  comply,  submit,  bow, 
rest,  resign  one's  self,  be  reconciled,  be  resigned, 
be  satisfied,  rest  satisfied,  repose,  rest  content. 

2.  Assent,  consent,  agree,  accede,  concur,  jield 
assent,  give  consent,  fall  in,  go  with  the  stream, 
go  with  the  current 


Acquiescence,    «.    I.  Compliance,     submission, 
resignation,  satisfaction,  contentment. 
2.   Assent,  consent,  agreement,  concurrence. 

Acquiescent,  a.  Complying,  yielding,  submitting, 
etc._    See  Acquiesce. 

Acquire,  v.  a.  I.  Gain,  obtain,  achieve,  attain, 
procure,  earn,  win,  get,  secure,  have,  make,  get 
possession  of,  get  into  one's  hands.  See  Pur- 
chase. 

2.  Master,  learn  thoroughly,  make  one's  self 
master  of. 

Acquirement,  «.  I.  Acquiring,  gathering,  gain- 
ing, mastery. 

2.  Accomplishment,  attainment,  acquisition, 
stock  of  knowledge,  mental  resources. 

Acquisition,  n.     See  Acquirement. 

Acquisitive,  a.  Acquiring,  disposed  to  acquire, 
eager  for  gain. 

Acquisitiveness,  «.  Love  of  acquiring,  desire  to 
acquire,  eagerness  for  gain. 

Acquit,  V.  a.  Discharge  (Jrotn  an  accusation), 
clear,  release,  absolve,  exonerate,  exculpate,  ex- 
cuse, pardon,  forgive,  quit,  set  free. 

Acquit  one's  self.  Act,  behave,  conduct  one's  self, 
bear  one's  self,  demean  one's  self. 

Acquittal,  «.  Discharge,  release,  deliverance, 
liberation,  exoneration,  exculpation,  clearance, 
absolution,  acquittance. 

Acquittance,  «.    I.  Discharge.    See  Acquittal. 
2.   Receipt,  receipt  in  full,  quittance. 

Acrid,  a.     I.   Sharp,  biting,  pungent,  hot,  burn- 
ing, poignant,  caustic,  corrosive,  bitter. 
2.   Severe,  harsh.     See  Acrimonious. 

Acridity,  n.     See  Acridness. 

Acridness,  ».  I.  Acridity,  sharpness,  pungency, 
poignancy. 

2.  Severity,  harshness,  hardness.  See  Acri- 
mony, 2. 

Acrimonious,  a.  I.  {Bare.)  Corrosive,  caustic, 
sharp. 

2.  Severe,  harsh,  hard,  acrid,  sarcastic,  bitter, 
virulent,  malignant,  censorious,  crabbed,  snarling, 
snappish,  testy,  pettish,  petulant,  cross,  sour, 
tart,  splenetic,  peevish,  ill-tempered,  ill-natured, 
rancorous,  spiteful,  envenomed,  galling, grinding, 
biting,  mordacious. 

Acrimony,  «.  I.  Sharpness,  corrosiveness,  caus- 
ticity. 

2.  Severity,  harshness,  hardness,  sourness, 
tartness,  acridity,  acridness,  asperity,  virulence, 
bitterness,  acerbity,  rancor,  venom,  crabbedness, 
moroseness,  churlishness,  ill-temper,  spite,  spite- 
fulness,  abusiveness 

A  a.     Esoteric,    esoterical,    secret, 

AcroamatiC,      I      private,    abstruse,    deep,     pro- 

Acroamatical,  V     found,    difHcult,    interior,     ob- 

Acroatic,  scure,  arcane,    adytal,   for  the 

J      initiate. 

Acrobat,  «.  Rope-dancer,  funambulist,  high- 
vauller,  lofty-tumbler,  flying-trapezist,  aerial  ath- 
lete, equilibrist,  aerosaltant. 

Acrospire,  n.     Shoot,  sprout,  plumule. 

Across,  /re/,  and  ad.  Athwart,  over,  from  one 
side  of  to  the  other,  thwart,  transversely. 

Act,  V.  n.  I.  Work,  move,  carry  anything  into 
effect,  execute  a  purpose,  be  in  action,  be  active, 
be  in  process,  keep  going,  energize. 

2.  Behave,  conduct  one's  self,  demean  one's 
self,  acquit  one's  self,  deport  one's  self. 

3.  Operate,  have  influence,  be  efficient,  be  effi- 
cacious, work,  have  effect,  be  operative. 

4.  Play  a  part,  play,  feign,  dissimulate,  pre- 
tend, make  believe,  dissemble. 

5.  Play  parts,  represent  characters,  make  im- 
personations. 

Act,  V.  a.  I.  Do,  perform,  execute,  carry  into 
execution. 


ACT 


8 


ADDITIONAL 


2.  Personate,  impersonate,  represent,  play, 
simulate,  enact,  play  the  part  of,  take  the  part  of. 

3.  Be,  realize,  actualize,  do  the  duties  of,  dis- 
play the  qualities  of,have  the  essential  character  of. 

Act,  »•  1.  H^^d.  {viewed  as  a  single  exertion  of 
power),  performance,  proceeding,  exploit,  feat, 
achievement,  turn.     See  Action,  2. 

2.  Statute,  enactment,  ordinance,  edict,  decree, 
law,  bill. 

3.  Fact,  reality,  actuality,  real  existence. 

4.  Stage  in  the  action  (m  a  rfrawja). 
Acting,  «.     I.   Deed,  performance,  action. 

2.   Personation,  representation,  simulation. 
ActtaoUte,  n.     Strahlstein,  ray-stone. 
Action,     n.     I.  Activity,    spontaneous     process, 
exercise,  motion,  movement,  play. 

2.  Deed  {viewed  as  requiring  a  continued 
exertion  of  power),  performance,  feat,  exploit, 
achievement,  procedure,  proceeding,  acting,  turn. 

3.  Agency,  operation,  force,  energy,  influence, 
instrumentality,  process. 

4.  Battle,  engagement,  conflict,  contest,  com- 
bat, rencontre,  encounter,  skirmish,  brush,  affair. 

5.  Gesticulation,  gesture. 

6.  Acting,  performing,  performance,  enacting, 
representing,  representation,  putting  on  the 
boards,  playing. 

7.  Subject,  fable,  plot,  series  of  events. 

8.  {Law.)  Suit,  lawsuit,  process,  case,  prose- 
cution. 

Active,  a.  I.  Operative,  operant,  influential, 
efficient,  effective,  effectual,  efficacious,  living, 
vigorous,  in  action,  in  operation,  in  actual  pro- 
cess, in  force,  in  vitality,  valid. 

2.  Busy,  diligent,  assiduous,  industrious,  inde- 
fatigable, unremitting,  laborious,  sedulous,  not- 
able, at  work,  hard  at  work,  diligently  employed, 
busily  engaged. 

3i  Alert,  nimble,  agile,  supple,  brisk,  dapper, 
stirring,  smart,  quick,  prompt,  ready,  lively, 
sprightly,  spirited.     See  Spry. 

4.  Enterprising,  energetic,  strong,  efficient,  in 
earnest,  vigorous,  full  of  life,  animated,  ebullient, 
fervent. 

5.  Drastic  {as  medicine),  powerful,  potent, 
effective,  efficacious. 

(>.  {Gram.)    Transitive. 
Activity,  n.     I.  Action,  exercise,  mode  of  action, 
mode  of  exercise. 

2.  Alertness,  agility,  nimbleness,  smartness, 
briskness,  sprightliuess,  spryness,  etc.  See  Ac- 
tive, 3. 

3.  Intensity,  energy,  strength,  force,  power, 
vigor. 

4.  Enterprise,  efficiency,  alert  endeavor. 
Actor,  n.     I.   Doer,  operator,  agent,  participant. 

2.  Player,  performer,  comedian,  tragedian, 
stage-player,  dramatic  artist,  histrionic  artist. 

Actual,  a.  I,  Real,  veritable,  true,  substantial, 
objective,  determinate,  decided,  categorical,  posi- 
tive, absolute,  certain,  genuine,  very,  not  merely 
imagined,  not  imaginary,  not  merely  supposed  or 
fancied,  not  fictitious,  that  exists  in  deed  and  in 
truth,  de  jure  as  well  as  de  facto,  ideal  {in  Preg- 
nant sense),  really  ideal,  ideally  real,  bona  fide, 
thorough,  thoroughgoing,  in  entelechy,  entelechic. 
2.  Present,  now  existing,  now  in  being,  sen- 
sibly real,  sensible,  perceptible,  de  facto,  in  hard 
fact,  at  this  moment,  here  and  now,  just  this 
present,  un-ideal,  in  act,  in  actu,  in  process,  ener- 
gizing, energic,  in  energy,  ev  evepyeia. 

Actua]^,  ad.  Really,  truly,  absolutely,  positively, 
verily,  indeed,  in  fact,  in  reality,  as  a  matter  of 
fact,  in  truth.     See  Actual. 

Actuaty,  «.  Agent,  superintendent,  supervisor, 
overseer,  clerk,  registrar,  computing  manager, 
manager,  executive  agent. 


Actuate,  v.  a.  Induce,  impel,  move,  prompt,  in- 
stigate, persuade,  incite,  act  upon,  prevail  upon, 
work  upon,  urge,  drive,  dispose,  incline. 

Act  upon.     I.   Influence,  effect,   have    influence 
upon. 
2.   Induce,  actuate. 

Act  Up  to.  Abide  by,  conform  to,  persist  in,  live 
up  to,  practise,  carry  out  in  practice,  adhere  to, 
be  faithful  to,  fulfil. 

Acumen,  «.  Acuteness,  shrewdness,  sagacity, 
astuteness,  sharpness,  ingenuity,  perspicacity, 
discernment,  penetration,  mother-wit,  quick 
parts. 

Acuminate,     )  a.   {Bot.)   Sharp,   acute,    pointed. 

Acuminated,  j      cuspidate,  cuspidated. 

Acute,  a.  I.  Sharp,  pointed,  acuminate,  cuspi- 
date. 

2.  Keen,  shrewd,  discerning,  knowing,  quick, 
sharp,  smart,  bright,  sage,  sagacious,  intelligent, 
astute,  ingenious,  subtle,  penetrating,  piercing, 
clear-sighted,  sharp-witted,  long-headed. 

3.  Severe,  violent,  intense,  poignant,  distress- 
ing, fierce,  piercing,  exquisite,  pungent. 

4.  High,  shrill,  high-toned. 

5.  {Med.)  Sudden,  violent,  temporary,  lim- 
ited, not  chronic. 

Acuteness,  «.     I.   Sharpness,  pointedness. 

2.  Acumen,  shrewdness,  penetration,  sagacity, 
sagaciousness,  astuteness,  sharpness,  brightness, 
perspicacity,  discernment,  ingenuity,  mother-wit, 
quick  parts. 

3.  Severity,  intensity,  poignancy,  violence. 

4.  Highness,  shrillness. 

Adage,  «.  Proverb,  saying,  saw,  dictum,  apho- 
rism, apothegm,  maxim,  by-word,  sententious 
precept. 

Adamant,  «.  Diamond,  crystallized  carbon,  in- 
frangible mineral,  indestructible  stone,  eternal 
rock. 

Adamantean,  a.  Adamantine,  hard  as  adamant, 
very  hard,  infrangible,  indestructible,  imperish- 
able. 

Adamantine,  a.     I.   Made  of  adamant. 

2.   Adamantean,  very  hard,  hard  as  adamant. 

Adam'S-needle,  «.  Yucca,  bear-grass,  Spanish 
bayonet. 

Adapt,  V.  a.  Adjust,  accommodate,  suit,  propor- 
tion, qualify,  prepare,  fit,  temper,  fashion,  match, 
make,  conform,  make  conformable  or  suitable. 

Adaptability,  «.  Adaptableness,  suitableness. 
See  Adaptation. 

Adaptation,  «.  I.  Fitness,  suitableness,  appro- 
priateness, aptness,  adaptability,  conformable- 
ness, conformability,  accommodation,  harmony. 

2.  Fitting,  process  or  act  of  fitting,  adjustment, 
accommodation,  suiting,  etc.     See  Adapt. 

Add,  V.  a.  I.  Join,  subjoin,  annex,  affix,  adject, 
adjoin,  append,  superadd,  tag,  tack  on,  connect, 
say  further. 

2.  Sum,  sum  up,  cast  up,  add  together,  aggre- 
gate, reckon  up,  count  up,  foot  up. 

Addendum,  «.  Addition,  appendix,  appendage, 
adjunct,  appurtenance,  attachment 

Addict,  V.  a.  Accustom  {commonly  in  a  bad 
sense),  habituate,  dedicate,  devote,  apply  {habit- 
ually), give,  give  up. 

Addiction,  «.  {Rare.)  Addictedness,  habit,  ha- 
bituation, absorption,  absorbedness,  surrender, 
devotion,  devotedness.  enslavement,  immersion. 

Addition,  n.  I.  Adding,  joining,  etc.  See 
Add. 

2.  Accession,  increase,  augmentation,  enlarge- 
ment, extension.     See  Add  to. 

3.  Appendage,  adjunct,  appendix.  See  Ad- 
dendum. 

Additional,  a.     Superadded,  adscititious,  supple- 
I     mental,  supplementary,  extra,  more. 


ADDITIVE 


ADJUTANT 


Additive,  a.     To  be  added.     See  Add,  i. 

Addle,  a-  I.  Addled,  spoiled  {as  eggs),  rotten, 
putrid,  corrupt. 

2.  Barren,  unfruitful,  fruitless,  abortive,  un- 
productive, unproliiic,  unfertile,  sterile,  infecund, 
addled. 

Addle,   V.  a.     I.   Corrupt,  spoil,   render  barren. 
See  preceding. 
2.   Accumulate  gradually,  earn,  lay  up,  save. 

Addled,  a.     See  Addle. 

Addle-head,  «.     Simpleton,  noodle.     See  Dunce. 

Addle-headed,  a.  Foolish,  stupid,  dull,  muddied, 
doltish,  brainless,  shallow,  sof  ,  sappy,  witless, 
blockish,  weak-headed,  muddle-headed,  weak- 
minded,  feeble-minded,  half-witted,  short-witted, 
shallow-brained,  dull-witted,  tliick-skuUed, 
addle- pated. 

Addle-pated,  a.     See  Addle-hhadhd. 

Address,  v.  a.  Direct  {words,  etc.),  accost,  speak 
to,  apply  to,  invoke,  court,  pay  court  to,  make 
suit  to,  direct  («  letter,  etc. ),  indite,  consign. 

Address,  n.  I.  Appeal,  invocation,^  petition, 
entreaty,  request,  imploration,  application,  soaci- 
tation,  suit. 

2.  Discourse,  speech,  oration,  harangue. 

3.  Skill,  art,  adroitness,  readiness,  dexterity, 
expertness,  cleverness,  ingenuity,  ability,  tact, 
management. 

4.  Superscription,  direction. 

5.  Manner  {in  speaking  to  another). 

6.  Place  by  the  post  or  mail,  post-office,  place 
for  receiving  correspondence. 

Addresses,  «.  //.     Courtship,  suit. 

Address  one's  self  to.  Direct  one's  speech  <7r  dis- 
course to,  speak  to^  apply  to,  give  attention  to, 
turn  attention  to,  direct  efforts  to  or  upon,  set  to 
work  upon,  endeavor  to,  set  about,  go  at. 

Add  to.  Increase,  augment,  enlarge,  greaten, 
make  greater,  aggrandize. 

Adduce,  v.  a.     I.   Advance,  offer,  present,  allege, 
assign,  give,  bring  forward. 
2.   Name,  mention,  cite,  quote,  introduce. 

Adept,  n.  Master,  proficient,  expert,  genius,  vet- 
eran, old  hand,  practised  hand,  good  hand,  mas- 
ter hand,  capital  hand,  nice  hand,  doctor,  dab, 
dabster. 

Adept,  a.  Skilled,  versed,  experienced,  practised, 
proficient,  good,  at  home,  dab,  aufait. 

Adequacy,  «.  Adequateness,  sufficiency,  suffi- 
cingness,  completeness,  competence,  competency, 
enough. 

Adequate,  a.  Sufficient,  sufficing,  enough,  com- 
mensurate, proportionate,  correspondent,  equal, 
suitable,  fit,  competent,  adapted. 

Adequateness,  n.    See  Adequacy. 

Adhere,  v.  «.  I.  Stick,  cling,  cleave,  hold, 
cohere,  take  hold,  be  firmly  fixed. 

2.  Belong,  pertain,  appertain,  be  appurtenant, 
be  intimately  related. 

3.  Be  faithful,  be  devoted,  be  attached,  stand 
by,  be  true. 

Adherence,  «.    I.  Tenacity,  fixedness. 

2.   Attachment,   constancy,   fidelity,   devotion, 

adhesion. 
Adherent,  a.    Adhering,  sticking,  clinging. 
Adherent,  «.    Follower,  partisan,  disciple,  sectary, 

votary,   supporter,   dependant,   vassal,    retainer, 

henchman,  satellite,  acolyte,  acolythe,  acolytli. 
Adhesion,     n.     I.   Adhering,    sticking,    clinging, 

tendency  to  adhere. 
2.   Attachment.     See  Adherence. 
Adhesive,  a.     I.   Sticking,  clinging,  tending   to 

adhere. 
2.   Sticky,  tenacious,  viscid,  viscous,  glutinous, 

gummy. 
Adieu,  ad.     Farewell,  good-by,  fare-you-well,  God 

bless  you. 


Adieu,  n.  Farewell,  valediction,  leave-taking, 
parting,  good-by. 

Adipose,  a.  Fat,  fatty,  unctuous,  oily,  sebaceous, 
greasy. 

Adjacence,  )  ».  Nearness,  vicinity,  juxtaposition, 

Adjacency,  )    neighborhood,  proximity,  contiguity. 

Adjacent,  a.  Adjoining,  conterminous,  neighbor- 
ing, near,  close,  bordering,  marching,  contiguous, 
in  proximity,  in  juxtaposition. 

Adjective,  ».  (  Technical  term  of  the  gramma- 
rian.) Qualifying  word  or  term,  descriptive 
name,  attributive  name,  attributive,  attribute, 
connotative  name,  adnoun.     See  Epithet. 

Adjoin,  V.  a.  Be  contiguous  to,  lie  near  to,  lie 
close  to,  border  upon,  be  adjacent  to,  march  on 
or  with,  lie  next,  be  juxtaposed  to. 

Adjoin,  V.  n.  {Rare.)  Border  together,  lie  near 
together,  lie  close  together,  be  contiguous,  be 
adjacent. 

Adjourn,  v.  a.  I.  Postpone,  defer,  delay,  pro- 
crastinate, put  off. 

2.  Suspend,  interrupt,  close,  end,  prorogue, 
dissolve. 

Adjourn,  v.  n.  Suspend  or  postpone  session,  take 
recess,  dissolve. 

Adjournment,  n.     I.  Postponement,  delay,  put- 
ting off. 
2.   Prorogation,  etc.    See  Adjourn,  2. 

Adjudge,  V.  a.  I.  Award  {judicially),  assign, 
allot. 

2.  Determine,  settle,  decide,  decree  {by  judi' 
cial authority),  adjudicate. 

Adjudicate,  v.  a.     Determine.     See  Adjudge. 

Adjudicate,  v.  «.  Judge,  decide,  determine,  arbi- 
trate, give  judgment,  pass  judgment,  sii  in  judg- 
ment. 

Adjudication,  «.  I.  Act  of  deciding  judicially. 
See  Adjudicate. 

2.  Sentence,  decision,  determination,  decree, 
award,  arbitrament 

Adjunct,  n.  Addition,  appendage,  appurtenance, 
dependency,  attachment,  addendum,  something 
added,  modifier,  subordinate  part,  accessary, 
accessory,  minor  detaiL 

Adjuration,  «.  Entreaty  {as  if  to  one  bound  by 
oath),  solemn  charge,  act  of  adjuring,  adjuring, 
solemn  appeal,  oath- 

Adjure,  V.  a.     I.    Entreat  {as  if  under  oath),  con- 
jure,   obtest,    beseech,    pray,     supplicate,    beg, 
implore,  invoke,  enjoin  solemnly. 
2.   Swear  by,  invoke  {by  oath),  take  oath  upon. 

Adjust,  V,  a.  I.  Arrange,  dispose,  rectify,  tritn, 
put  or  set  in  order,  put  or  set  to  rights,  put  in 
tune,  put  in  good  or  proper  trim. 

2.  Regulate,  set. 

3.  Settle,  compose,  pacify,  reconcile,  make 
up. 

4.  Fit,  adapt,  suit,  proportion,  accommodate, 
measure,  make  conform,  make  conformable  (fol- 
lowed by  to  or  with). 

Adjustment,  n.  I.  _  Arrangement,  adjusting,  put- 
ting in  order,  putting  in  good  trim,  setting  to 
rights,  disposal. 

2.  Regulation,  setting,  putting  right,  state  of 
regulation,  good  order,  accurate  arrangement. 

3.  Settlement,  reconciliation,  pacification, 
agreement,  understanding,  mutual  understand- 
ing. 

4.  Fitting,  adapting,  accommodation,  making 
suitable  or  conformable,  conformity,  suitedness. 

Adjutant,  n.  I.  {Rare.)  Assistant,  helper,  aid, 
adjurant. 

2.  {Mil.)  Order-aide,  subordinate  in  charge 
of  orders,  subordinate  through  whom  orders  are 
issued  and  reports  received. 

3.  Adjutant-bird  {Ciconia  argala,  Leptoptilus 
argala). 


ADMEASUREMENT 


10 


ADUMBRATE 


Admeasurementt  n.    I.  Measurement,  measuring, 

measure,  dimensions,  ascertained  dimensions. 
2.   {Law.)   Partition,  ascertamment  of  shares. 
Admiuisteri  v.  a.     I,   Dispense,  give,  distribute, 
supply,   contribute,  deal  out,  give   out,    afford, 
furnish. 

2.  Direct,  manage,  conduct,  control,  superin- 
tend, preside  over. 

3.  Tender,  offer,  proffer. 

Administer,   v.   n.     l.   Contribute,   conduce,   be 

helpful.     [With  to.^ 
2.  {Law.)  Act  as  administrator.    [With«/i7«.] 
Administration,  n.    I.  Dispensation,  distribution, 

giving. 

2.  Management,  conduct,  direction,  control, 
superintendence. 

3.  Executive  department  {of  a  g-overnmeni), 
President  (or  oiher  chief  magistrate)  and  cabinet, 
the  Government,  the  ministry,  the  cabinet. 

4.  {Law.)  Management  of  an  estate  {of  an 
intestate). 

Admirable,  a.  I.  {Rare.)  Wonderful,  surprising, 
striking,  astonishing. 

2.  Excellent,  praiseworthy,  astonishingly  good, 
fine,  rare,  superb,  worthy  ot  admiration. 

Admiration,   ».     I.   {Rare.)    Wonder,     surprise, 
astonishment,  amazement. 
2.   Liking,  love,  high  regard,  high  opinion. 

Admire,  v.  a.  I.  {Rare.)  Wonder  at,  be  sur- 
prised at,  be  astonished  or  amazed  at. 

2.  Esteem  great,  regard  with  pleasure,  think 
fine,  count  brilliant,  like  much,  think  highly  of, 
have  a  high  opinion  of,  prize  or  value  highly. 

Admire,  v.  n.  {Rare.)  Wonder,  marvel,  be  sur- 
prised or  astonished. 

Admirer,  «.  Appreciator,  one  that  esteems  another 
great  or  excellent,  one  that  greatly  values,  lover, 
gallant,  suitor,  sweetheart,  beau,  cicisbeo. 

Admissible,  a.  Permissible,  allowable,  lawful, 
proper,  justifiable,  warrantable,  possible,  prob- 
able, quite  likely,  not  unlikely,  not  impossible. 

Admission,  n.  I.  Admittance,  introduction, 
access,  entrance,  initiation,  entree  _ 

2.  Allowance,  avowal,  concession,  acknowl- 
edgment, assent,  acceptance. 

Admit,  V.  a.  I.  Receive,  grant  entrance  to,  let 
in,  take  in,  open  the  door  to,  give  access  to. 

2.  Concede,  accept,  grant,  acknowledge,  own, 
confess,  take  for  granted,  agree  to,  accede  to, 
acquiesce  in. 

3.  Permit,  allow,  bear,  admit  of,  be  capable 
of. 

Admit  of.  Admit,  permit,  allow,  bear,  be  capable 
of. 

Admittance,  n.  I.  Admission,  entrance,  intro- 
duction, entree. 

2.  Access,  means  of  approach,  liberty  to 
approach,  permission  to  enter,  lodgment,  accept- 
ance, reception,  welcome. 

Admixture,  n.     I.    Mixture,  mingling 

2.  Spice,  dash,  infusion,  sprinkling,  touch, 
seasoning,  smack,  taste,  tincture,  tinge,  hint, 
suggestion,  flavor,  suspicion,  soupgon. 

Admonish,  v.  a.  I.  Reprove  {gently),  censure, 
warn  of  a  fault,  rebuke. 

2.  Advise,  counsel,  caution,  forewarn,  warn, 
enjoin. 

3.  Instruct,  inform,  teach,  apprise,  acquaint, 
notify,  make  acquainted,  make  aware,  remind. 

Admonition,  «.  I.  Hint  of  a  fault,  gentle  re- 
proof, mild  censure,  slight  rebuke,  remonstrance. 
2.  Advice,  counsel,  caution,  warning,  moni- 
tion, instruction,  reminder. 

Admonitory,  a.  Admonishing,  monitory,  caution- 
arv,  warnmg,  counselling,  admonitive. 

Ado,  n.  I.  Trouble,  difficulty,  travail,  toil,  labor, 
pains.  I 


2.  Bustle,  stir,  flurry,  fuss,  hubbub,  noise,  tu- 
mult, turmoil,  pother,  bother,  botherment.  bother- 
ation {colloq.),  confusion,  commotion,  excitement, 
to-do  {colloq.). 

Adolescence,  «.  Youth,  juvenility,  minority,  juni- 
ority, nonage,  teens,  springtime  of  life,  dayspring 
of  life,  adolescency,  growing,  growing  time,  period 
of  growth,  growing  up,  prime  of  life,  flower  of 
life,  bloom  of  life. 

Adolescent,  a.  Youthful,  juvenile,  young,  grow- 
ing, in  the  teens,  etc.     See  Adolescence. 

Adopt,  V.  a.  I.  Appropriate,  take  to  one's  self, 
take  or  select  as  one's  own,  assume. 

2.  Approve,  accept,  avow,  espouse,  support, 
maintain. 

3.  Affiliate,  father,  take  as  one's  own  child,  treat 
as  one's  own  child. 

Adoption,  n.     I.  Appropriation. 

2.  Approval,  acceptance,  avowal,  espousal,  sup- 
port, maintenance. 

3.  Affiliation,  adopting,  fathering. 
Adorable,  a.     I.  Divine,  to  be  adored,  worthy  of 

adoration,  deserving  of  worship,  to  be  worshipped, 
worshipable,  demanding  divine  honors. 

2.    Estimable,   venerable,   worthy  of  love   or 
honor,  admirable,   worthy    of  the    utmost  love, 
supremely  good. 
Adoration,  «.     I.  Worship,  devotion,  act  of  ador- 
ing, adoring. 

2.  Homage,  reverence,  veneration,  exalted  re- 
gard,   idolizing,   idolatry,   being  enamoured,   in- 
cense. 
Adore,  v.  a.     I.  Worship. 

2.  Revere,  venerate,  idolize,  honor,  pay  hom- 
age to. 
Adorer,  «.     I.  Worshipper. 

2.  Idolater,  great  admirer. 
Adorn,  v.  a.    Embellish ,  decorate,  enrich,  beautify, 
ornament,  deck,  bedeck,  emblazon,  set,  beset,  set 
round,  stick,  bestick,  stud,  bestud,  gild,  trim,  be- 
trim,  grace,  crown,  garnish,  array,  set  out,  set  off, 
varnish,  bedizen,  trick  out,  dress  out,  dress  up, 
dress. 
Adroit,  a.    Dexterous,  expert,  skilful,  apt,  handy, 
ready,  quick,  clever,  able,  masterly.    See  Adept. 
Adscititiovs,   a.      Supplemental,  supplementary, 
superadded,  adventitious,  superfluous,  redundant, 
alien,  artificial,  spurious,  smuggled.     See  Addi- 
tional,  ACCES.'^ARY. 
Adulation,  «.     Flattery,  cajolery,  honeyed  words, 
flummery,   excessive  praise,  extravagant  compli- 
ment,   fulsome  praise,  over-laudation,  bland.sh- 
ment,   blandiloquence,  fawning,  sycophancy,  in- 
cense. 
Adulatory,  a.     Flattering,  smooth,    oily,   full   of 
compliments,    servile    in    compliment,    fawning, 
cringing,  obsequious,  unctuous,  sycophantic,  syc- 
ophantish,  parasitic,  blandishing,  cajoling. 
Adult,  a.     Mature,  grown  up,  full  grown,  of  age, 

of  mature  age,  ripe,  ripened. 
Adult,  n.     Person  of  mature  age,  grown-up  per- 
son. 
Adulterate,  v.  a.     Debase,  corrupt,  contaminate, 
vitiate,    deteriorate,    make  impure,   sophisticate, 
alloy,  dash  with,  mix  or  mingle  with. 
Adulteration,  n.     Debasement,  corruption,  deteri- 
oration, sophistication,  etc.     See  Adulterate. 
Adulterous,   a.      Guilty  of  adultery,   committing 
adultery,    advouteous,   impure,   debased,    illicit, 
spurious,  corrupt,  unchaste,  rakish,  dissolute. 
Adultery,  «.     Violation  of  the  marriage-bed,  infi- 
delity, breaking  of  the  marriage-vows,  advoutry, 
criminal  conversation,  crim.  con. 
Adumbrate,     v.    a.      I.     Shadow,     foreshadow, 
shadow  out,  shadow  forth,  dimly  outline,  indicate, 
hint   at,    approximate,  represent  approximately, 
suggest,  trace  vaguely,  faintly  delineate. 


ADUMBRATION 


11 


ADVISE 


2.  T3rpify,  represent,  symbolize,  show,  denote, 
stand  for,  image,  figure,  prefigure,  allegorize, 
image  forth,  be  a  parable  of. 

3.  Darken,  bedarken,  dim,  bedim,  obscure, 
hide,  conceal,  overcast,  overshadow,  enshade,  en- 
shadow,  disiilumine,  obumbrate,  becloud,  send 
into  partial  eclipse,  send  into  a  penumbral  light. 

AdtunbratiOIl,  n.  I.  Shadowing  forth,  faint 
sketch,  faint  representation,  indistinct  image, 
shadowy  outline,  dim  approximation. 

2.  Type,  image,  shadow,  symbol,  premonition, 
dark  prophecy,  foreshadowing,  prefiguring,  pres- 
age, prototype,  mystery 

AduncotlS,  a.     Crooked,  hooked,  bent,  curved. 

Adustt  a.  Burned,  scorched,  fiery,  parched,  dried 
up,  shrivelled,  brown,  bronzed. 

Advance,  v.  a.  I.  Push,  send,  or  set  forward  or 
onward,  propel,  bring  forward,  move  toward  the 
front. 

2.  Promote,  aggrandize,  exalt,  elevate,  dignify, 
raise  to  preferment,  raise  to  higher  rank. 

3.  Forward,  further,  promote,  improve, 
strengthen,  benefit,  make  better,  encourage  the 
progress  of. 

4.  Allege,  adduce,  propose,  offer,  assign,  pro- 
pound, bring  forward,  lay  down. 

5.  Pay  beforehand,  supply  beforehand,  furnish 
on  credit,  lend,  loan. 

6.  Increase  (as price),  enhance,  augment,  raise, 
make  greater,  make  higher. 

Advance,  v.  n.  I.  Proceed,  progress,  make  pro- 
gress, make  way,  get  forward,  go  forward,  get  on, 
go  on,  get  along,  come  on,  gain  ground,  rise. 

2.  Improve,  grow,  thrive,  prosper,  make  im- 
provement. 

Advance,  «.  I.  Progress,  progression,  proced- 
ure, movement  to  the  front,  march,  way,  moving 
forward. 

2.  Improvement,  growth,  advancement,  rise, 
enhancement,  progress,  promotion,  preferment. 

3.  Payment  beforehand,  anticipated  payment, 
loan. 

4.  Tender,  offer,  proposal,  proposition,  proffer, 
overture,  addresses. 

5.  Increase  (of  price),  enhancement,  rise,  ap- 
preciation. 

Advance-guard,  n.     Vanguard,  van. 
Advancement,  «.     I.  Progress,  progression,  pro- 
ficiency. 

2.  Promotion,  preferment,  elevation,  further- 
ance, exaltation,  aggrandizement. 

3.  Improvement,  advance,  growth.  See  Ad- 
vance. 

Advantage,  ».  I.  Favorable  opportunity,  vantage- 
ground,  superior  situation  or  condition,  best  es- 
tate, best  plight. 

2.  Superiority,  ascendency,  pre-eminence, 
upper-hand. 

3.  Benefit,  avail,  profit,  gain,  emolument,  re- 
turn, utility,  expediency,  good,  weal,  service, 
blessing. 

4.  Behalf,  behoof,  account,  interest. 

5.  Privilege,  prerogative,  convenience,  accom- 
modation.    See  Easement. 

Advantage,  v.  a.  Benefit,  profit,  serve,  help, 
avail,  advance  the  interest  of,  be  of  advantage  to, 
be  of  service  to. 

Advanta§;eous,  a.  Beneficial,  profitable,  helpful, 
useful,  convenient,  serviceable,  salutary,  favor- 
able, expedient,  good,  well,  gainful,  opportune,  for 
one's  advantage,  for  one's  interest,  for  one's  good. 

Advent,  n.     I.  Arrival,  coming,  approach,  visita- 
tion, appearing,  accession. 
2.   Coming  of  Christ,  the  appearing  of  the  Lord. 

Adventitious,  a.  Accidental,  incidental,  extrinsic, 
extraneous,  foreign,  non-essential.    See   Adsci- 

TITIOUS. 


Adventure,  «.  I.  Chance,  hazard,  fortuity,  con- 
tingency, risk,  venture,  stake,   experiment,  trial. 

2.  Hazardous  enterprise,  bold  undertaking. 

3.  Event,  incident,  occurrence,  transaction,  pas- 
sage, crisis,  contingency. 

4.  {Com.)     Speculation. 

Adventure,  v.  a.  Hazard,  venture,  risk,  peril, 
imperil,  put  to  hazard,  put  at  risk,  put  in  danger, 
expose  to  peril  or  risk. 

Adventure,  v.  n.  Dare,  venture,  take  the  risk, 
run  the  risk,  incur  the  hazard. 

Adventurous,  a.  I.  Bold,  daring,  courageous, 
venturesome,  adventuresome,  adventureful,  ven- 
turous, chivalrous,  doughty,  enterprising. 

2.  Rash,  reckless,  precipitate,  headlong,  fool- 
hardy, full  of  hazard 

3.  Hazardous,  dangerous,  exposed  to  danger, 
perilous,  full  of  peril,  uncertain,  full  of  risk. 

Adversaria,  «.  pi.  Notes,  memoranda,  remarks, 
note-book,  journal,  commonplace-book,  index 
rerutn,  diary. 

Adversary,  «.  I.  Enemy^  foe,  antagonist,  oppo- 
nent, opposer,  counter-litigant,  adverse  party. 

2.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Satan,  Apollyon,  the 
Tempter,  the  Evil  One,  the  Devil,  the  Deuce,  the 
Fiend,  the  Foul  Fiend,  the  Old  Serpent,  the 
Prince  of  Darkness,  Beelzebub.     See  Devil. 

Adverse,  a.  I.  Contrary,  opposing,  counteracting, 
conflicting,  head  {as  head  wind). 

2.  Hostile,  inimical,  antagonistic,  unpropitious, 
unfavorable,  injurious,  harmful. 

3.  Unprosperous,  untoward,  unlucky,  unfor- 
tunate, calamitous,  disastrous. 

Adversity,  «.  Misfortune,  calamity,  affliction, 
trouble,  suffering,  woe,  disaster,  distress,  misery, 
ill-luck,  bad  luck,  broken  fortunes,  hard  life» 
frowns  of  fortune,  reverses  of  fortune,  hard  times, 
ill-fate,  ills  of  life,  a  sea  of  troubles. 

Advertence,  }  n.     Attention,  heed,  regard,  obser- 

Advertency,  I  vance,  observation,  notice,  con- 
sideration, heedfulness,  mindfulness. 

Advertise,  v.  a.  I.  Announce,  publish,  declare, 
promulgate,  trumpet,  proclaim,  make  known, 
spread  abroad,  noise  abroad,  give  notice  of,  lay 
before  the  public,  bring  to  the  notice  of  the  pub- 
lic, make  proclamation  ot 

2.  Offer  for  sale. 

3.  Apprise,  inform,  give  notice  to,  notify. 
Advertisement,  n.      Announcement,  notification, 

information,  notice,  proclamation,  promulgation, 

trumpeting. 
Advert  to.      I.    Observe,  remark,   regard,   heed, 

consider,  notice,  mark,   view,  give  heed  to,  take 

notice  or,  pay  attention  to,  attend  to,  look  to,  see 

to,  give  heed  to,  have  an  eye  to,  give  a  thought 

to.  look  after. 
2.  Refer  to,  allude  to,  mention,  touch  upon. 
Advice,  «.    I.  ^  Counsel,    suggestion,    instruction, 

recommendation,  admonition,   warning,  caution, 

exhortation,  earnest  persuasion. 

2.  Intelligence,  information,  notice,  notifica- 
tion, tidings,  word. 

3.  Deliberation,  care,  counsel,  aforethought, 
forethought,  considerate  purpose. 

Advisability,  «.  Expediency,  advisableness,  pro- 
priety, judiciousness,  prudence,  desirability,  de- 
sirableness 

Advisable,  a.  Expedient,  proper,  fit,  prudent, 
desirable,  fit  to  be  advised,  judicious,  advanta- 
geous. 

Advise,  z'.  «.  I.  Counsel,  admonish,  suggest,  re- 
commend to,  give  counsel  to,  give  advice  to. 

2.  Inform,  acquaint,  apprise,  notify,  make 
known  to,  give  notice  to,  send  word  to,  write 
word  to. 

Advise,  V.  «.  Confer,  consult,  deliberate,  take 
counsel,  hold  a  conference. 


ADVISEDLY 


12 


AFFIRMATIVE 


Advisedly,  ad.  Deliberately,  heedfully,  purposely, 
by  design,  with  consideration.     See  Advice,  3. 

Advisement,  n.  Consultation,  deliberation,  con- 
sideration. 

Adviser,  «.  Counsellor,  instructor,  guide,  di- 
rector, mentor,  monitor. 

Advocacy,  «.  Defence,  vindication,  support, 
countenance. 

Advocate,  v.  a.  Defend,  support,  vindicate,  jus- 
tify, countenance,  uphold,  maintain,  favor,  plead 
in  favor  of,  stand  up  for,  promote,  propagate. 

Advocate,  «.  I.  Counsellor,  counsel,  barrister. 
\  lawyer,  attorney,  solicitor,  attorney-at-law,  limb 
of  the  law. 

2.  Defender,  vindicator,  supporter,  upholder, 
maintainer,  propagator,  promoter,  countenancer, 
favorer,  apologist,  friend,  patron. 

3.  Intercessor,  comforter,  paraclete,  Holy 
Spirit,  Spirit  of  Truth. 

4.  [With  The  prefixed.]    Christ. 
JEgis,  n.     I.  Shield,  buckler. 

2.  Defence,  protection,  safeguard,  shelter- 
Aerate,  V.  a.    Aerify,  fill  with  air,  infuse  air  into, 

permeate  with  air  or  gas. 
Aeration, «.    Aerification,  permeation  with  air  or 

gas. 
Aerial,  a.     I.  Atmospheric. 

2.  Aeriform,  gaseous,  vaporous,  ethereal,  airy, 
light,  empyreal,  empyrean. 

3.  High,  lofty,  empyreal,  empyrean,  aery. 
Aerie,  «.     I.  Nest  (^a;  bird  of  prey). 

2.  Brood  {of  birds  0/ prey).     See  Eyrie. 

Aeriform,  a.  Gaseous,  ethereal,  vaporous,  airy, 
aerial,  air-like. 

Aerolite,  «.     Meteoric  stone,  meteorite,  aerolith. 

Aeronaut,  «.     Balloonist,  aerial  navigator. 

Aeronautics,  «.  Aerostation,  ballooning,  aero- 
statics. 

Aerostation,  «.  Aeronautics,  ballooning,  aero- 
statics. 

.^thetiC,      \  a.      Tasteful,    gratifying    to    taste, 

.^thetical, )  beautiful,  becoming,  fit,  appro- 
priate, in  good  taste,  referring  to  taste,  concern- 
ing aesthetics,  founded  on  the  idea  of  beauty. 

JEsl^etics,  n.  [Sometimes  written  Esthetics.] 
Science  of  the  beautiful,  philosophy  of  the  fine 
arts,  theory  or  philosophy  of  taste. 

Afar,  ad.  Far  away,  far  off,  a  long  way  off,  afar 
off,  wide  away,  a  great  way  off,  at  a  distance,  to 
or  from  a  distance,  remote,  remotely. 

Affability,  «•     I.  Sociability,  sociableness. 

2.  Courtesy,  courteousness,  complaisance,  gra- 
ciousness,  condescension,  accessibility,  approach- 
ableness,  conversableness,  conversability,  ease, 
easiness,  civility,  politeness,  urbanity,  comity, 
amenity,  suavity,  amiability,  good  manners,  good- 
breeding,  obliging  manner. 

Affable,  a.  I.  Conversible,  communicative,  free, 
frank,  unreserved,  open,  accessible,  approach- 
able, familiar,  easy,  free  and  easy,  sociable,  social, 
cordial. 

2.  Courteous,  complaisant,  civil,polite,obliging, 
urbane,  debonair,  benign,  gracious,  mild,  conde- 
scending, well-bred. 

Affair,  «.  I.  Business,  concern,  function,  duty, 
office,  matter,  circumstance,  question,  subject. 

2.  Event,  occurrence,  incident,  transaction, 
proceeding,  performance. 

3.  Battle,  engagement,  combat,  conflict,  con- 
test, encounter,  rencontre,  collision,  skirmish, 
brush. 

Affair  of  honor.    Duel. 

Affairs,  n.  pi.  I.  Administration,  public  busi- 
ness, matters  of  state,  relations,  practical  con- 
cerns, active  relations,  matters  of  action. 

2.  Finances,  estate,  business,  property,  pecu- 
niary relations. 


Affect,  V.  a.  I.  Influence,  act  upon,  work  upon, 
modify,  alter,  change,  transform. 

2.  Concern,  interest,  regard,  relate  to,  bear 
upon. 

3.  Touch,  move,  impress,  melt,  subdue,  over- 
come, pierce. 

4.  Crave,  yearn  for,  aspire  to,  aim  at,  desire, 
like,  be  drawn  toward,  be  attracted  by,  take 
pleasure  in. 

5.  Assume,  adopt,  take  on,  feign,  arrogate,  put 
on,  make  a  show  of,  pretend  to. 

Affectation,  «.  Pretension,  airs,  affectedness, 
mannerism,  assumed  manners,  affected  manner, 
pretence,  false  pretence,  artificiality,  unnatural- 
ness,  stiffness,  finical  air,  mincingness,  foppery. 

Affected,  a.  I.  Assumed,  feigned,  unnatural, 
artificial,  insincere,  canting. 

2.  Assuming,  pretending,  pretentious,  con- 
ceited, vain,  coxcomical,  foppish. 

Affectedness,  «.     See  Affectation. 

Affecting,  a.  Moving,  touching,  pathetic,  pite- 
ous, impressive. 

Affection^  «.  I.  Feeling,  passion,  inclination, 
propensity,  proclivity,  disposition,  predisposition, 
bent,  bias,  turn  of  mind,  cast  or  frame  of  mind. 

2.  Attribute,  quality,  property,  character,  char- 
acteristic, mark,  note,  accident,  modification, 
mode. 

3.  Love,  heart,  attachment,  kindness,  partial- 
ity, fondness,  liking,  tenderness,  endearment,  re- 
gard, good-will,  devotion,  tender  passion. 

4.  {Med.)    Disorder,  malady,  disease 
Affectionate,  a.     Loving,  fond,  attached,  devoted, 

warm,  tender,  kind,  sympathetic,  tender-hearted, 
warm-hearted. 

Affiance,  v.  a.     Betroth,  engage,  plight. 

Affidavit,  n.  Testimony  (in  ivritiiig,  signed 
and  sworn  to  before  a  magistrate,  but  given 
•without  cross-examination)^  evidence.  See 
Deposition. 

Affiliate^  v.  a.  I.  Adopt,  take  or  treat  as  one's 
own  child. 

2.  Connect,  associate,  unite,  join,  annex,  graft 
in  or  upon,  incorporate,  bring  into  close  rela- 
tionj  make  resemble. 

Affinity,  «.  I.  Relationship  [by  marriage),  pro- 
pinquity, connection.  See  Kin,  Consanguinity. 

2.  Resemblance,  Hkeness,  relation,  correla- 
tion, analogy,  connection,  similarity,  similitude, 
parallelism,  correspondence,  parity,  sympathy, 
attraction. 

3.  (Chem.)    Attraction. 

Affirm,  v.  a.     I.  Declare,  aver,  assert,  maintain, 
asseverate,  avouch,  vouch,   allege,  say,  profess, 
protest,  pronounce,  predicate,  state,  depose,  tes- 
tify, bear  witness  to. 
2.   Confirm,  ratify,  approve,  establish,  indorse. 

Affirm,  v.  n.  Make  solemn  declaration,  make 
asseveration,  make  averment,  pledge  one's  word. 
[Distinguished  from  Swear,  make  oath,  which 
see.] 

Affirmable,  a.     Predicable. 

Affirmation,  n.  I.  Assertion,  declaration,  assev- 
eration, word,  averment,  protestation,  avowal, 
allegation,  saying,  statement,  pronouncement,  an- 
nouncement, predication,  testimony,  deposition. 

2.  Confirmation,  ratification,  approval,  estab- 
lishment, indorsement. 

3.  {Law.)  Solemn  declaration  {instead  of 
oath),  solemn  avowal  or  averment,  legal  pledge. 

Affirmative,  a.  I.  That  affirms,  assertory,  asser- 
torical,  declarative,  declaratory,  asseverating, 
avouching. 

2.  Confirmative,  confirmatory,  ratifying,  ap- 
proving, establishing,  indorsing. 

3.  {Alg.)  Positive,  not  negative,  additive,  not 
subtractive. 


AFFIX 


13 


AGAPE 


Affix,  V.  a.     Join,  subjoin^  annex,  attach,  &sten, 

connect,  set  to,  unite  to  the  end. 

Affix,  ».     Postfix,  suffix. 

Afflatus,  n.  Inspiration,  supernatural  influence, 
theopneusty,  beatific  vision,  ecstasy. 

Afflict,  V.  a.  Grieve,  distress,  trouble,  try,  tor- 
ment, agonize,  plague,  pain,  hurt,  harass,  wound, 
exercise,  grind,  persecute,  smite,  make  sor- 
rowful. 

Afflicting:,  a.  Grievous,  painful,  troublous,  tor- 
menting, harassing,  harrowing,  sorrowful,  pite- 
ous, distressing,  calamitous,  disastrous,  afflictive, 
sad,  unhappy,  unfortunate,  unlucky,  wretched, 
dire,  deplorable,  sore,  woful,  severe,  hard,  trying, 
hard  to  bear. 

Affliction,  «.  I.  Calamity,  adversity,  misfortune, 
disaster,  visitation,  stroke,  ill,  reverse,  reverse  of 
fortune. 

2.  Grief,  sorrow,  distress,  woe,  depression, 
tribulation,  trial,  plague,  scourge,  trouble,  heart- 
ache, heartbreak,  broken  heart,  heavy  heart,  bit- 
terness, misery,  wretchedness. 

Afflictive,  d!.     Afflicting.     See  Afflict. 

Affluence,  «.  Wealth,  riches,  opulence,  fortune, 
plenty,  abundance,  exuberance,  affluency,  ample 
store,  ample  means. 

Affluent,  a.    I.  Abundant,  exuberant,  plenteous, 
bounteous,  abounding. 
2.  Opulent,  wealthy,  rich,  moneyed. 

Affluent,  «.    Tributary,  feeder,  branch,  confluent. 

Afford,  V.  a.     I.  Supply,  furnish,  yield,  produce. 

2.  Confer,  impart,  grant,  bestow,  offer,  lend, 
give,  communicate,  spare 

3.  Bear  {the  cost  or  expense  o/)^  endure, 
support. 

Affray,  «.  Brawl  (/«  a  public  place) ,  quarrel ,  con- 
flict, personal  conflict,  struggle,  contest,  strife, 
row,  fray,  tussle,  scuffle,  set-to,  fisticufifs,  fracas, 
scrimmage,  encounter,  collision,  broil,  fight, 
m^Ue,  tumult,  disturbance,  outbreak,  riot, 
imeute,  breach  of  the  peace,  rumpus  {colloq), 
mill  {colloq.),  skirmish,  rencontre,  etc  See 
Affair,  3. 

Affray,  v.  a.  Affright,  frighten,  terrify,  alarm, 
strike  terror  into,  dismay.     See  next. 

Affright,  V.  a.  Frighten,  terrify,  alarm,  scare, 
daunt,  appall,  dismay,  shock,  confound,  dis- 
hearten, dispirit,  fright,  intimidate,  startle,  over- 
awe, put  in  fear. 

Affright,  «.  Terror,  fear,  fright,  alarm,  dismay, 
consternation,  panic. 

Affront,  V.  a.     I.  Insult,  abuse,  outrage. 

2.  Offend,  displease,  irritate,  provoke,  chafe, 
fret,  vex,  annoy,  pique,  nettle,  anger,  gall,  miff 
(collog),  give  offence  to,  make  angry,  put  to 
shame,  confound,  bring  to  confusion,  put  out  of 
countenance,  shame. 

3.  Meet,  strike  upon,  strike,  come  in  contact 
with,  smite,  smite  upon. 

Affront,  n.  I.  Insult,  abuse,  contumely,  indig- 
nity, outrage,  injury,  wrong,  ill-treatment,  ill-turn. 

2.  Provocation,  offence,  vexation,  irritation, 
annoyance. 

3.  Shame,  disgrace,  degradation,  sense  of 
shame. 

Affusion,  n.     Sprinkling,  bedewing. 

Afoot,  ad.     I.  On  foot. 

2.  Preparing,  forthcoming,  in  preparation,  in 
course  of  preparation,  on  the  carpet,  on  the  tapis, 
on  the  anvil. 

Aforementioned,  a.     See  Aforesaid. 

Aforesaid,  a.  Said  before,  aforementioned,  before- 
mentioned,  fore-named,  above-mentioned,  above- 
named. 

Aforethought,  a.  Premeditated,  prepense,  delib- 
erate, considerate,  well-considered,  with  fore- 
thought, sober,  collected,  calm,  refiective. 


A  fortiori.    [L.]     With  stronger  reason,  for  a  still 

stronger  reason,  all  the  more,  still  more  surely, 

by  so  much  the  more. 
Afraid,  a.      Fearful,  haunted  with  fear,  filled  with 

fear,  timid,  apprehensive,   distrustful,  anxious, 

alarmed. 
Afresh,  ad.     Anew,  newly,  again,  over  again,  de 

novo. 
Aft,  ad.    {Naut.)    Abaft,  astern,  behind,  back, 

rearward,  in  the  rear. 
After, /r<?/.     I.  Subsequent  to,  later  than. 

2.  Following,  behind,  in  the  rear  of. 

3.  About,  in  relation  to,  for. 

4.  In  imitation  of,  in  the  pattern  of,  on  the 
model  of,  for,  from. 

After,  ad.  Afterward,  afterwards,  subsequently, 
later. 

After,  a.     I.  Succeeding,  subsequent,  following, 
later. 
2.  Hind,  hinder,  posterior,  rear,  back. 

After-a2:es,  «.  //.  Posterity,  descendants,  suc- 
ceeding times,  succeeding  generations. 

After  all.  Eventually,  finally,  ultimately,  upon 
the  whole,  when  all  has  been  considered,  when 
all  is  said,  at  last,  in  the  end,  notwithstanding,  in 
spite  of  that. 

After-birth,  n.  Secundines,  placenta,  after-bur- 
den. 

After-come,  «.  Sequel,  consequence,  result,  effect, 
outcome,  outgrowth. 

Aftercrop,  «.  Second  crop  of  the  year,  after- 
growth, etc.     See  Aftermath. 

Aftergrowth,  «.  Later  growth,  outgrowth,  con- 
sequence, etc.     See  Aftkr-come. 

After-life,  ».     I.  Subsequent  life,  later  life. 
2.  Future  state,  the  hereafter,  eternity. 

Aftermath,  «.  Lattermath,  rowen,  rowett,  eddish, 
eadish,  earsh,  eagrass,  etch,  fog,  after-crop,  after- 
growth. 

Aftermost,  a.     Hindmost,  sternmost,  rearward. 

Afterpiece,  «.     Farce,  low  comedy. 

After-thought,  «.  After-wit,  subsequent  reflec- 
tion, later  or  too  late  meditation. 

Afterward,    I  ad.       Subsequently,     after,     later. 

Afterwards, )      thereafter,  in  the  sequel. 

After- wit,  «.    After-thought,  wisdom  out  of  time. 

Again,  ad.  I.  Afresh,  anew,  once  more,  another 
time,  de  novo. 

2.  Moreover,  besides,  further,  furthermore,  in 
addition. 

3.  On  the  other  hand,  on  the  contrary,  contrari- 
wise. 

4.  In  return,  back,  in  restitution,  in  answer. 

5.  Anywhere  else,  in  any  other  place,  at  all 
Again  and  Again.     Repeatedly,  often,  frequently, 

over  and  over,  with  frequent  repetitions. 
Against,  prep.     I.  Opposed  to,  in  opposition  to, 
contrary  to,  adverse  to,  counter  to. 

2.  Facing,  fronting,  off,  opposite  to,  over 
against,  close  up  to,  in  contact  with 

3.  In  provision  for,  in  expectation  of,  in  prep- 
aration for,  in  anticipation  of,  for. 

4.  In  compensation  for,  to  counterbalance,  in 
countervail  to,  in  equalization  of  to  counter- 
poise, to  match,  in  requital  for  or  of. 

Against  the  grain.  I.  A^ninst  the  fibres  (o/wood). 
2.  Against  the  natural  disposition,  against  one  s 
inclination,  the  wrong  way. 

Agalloch,        )  «.     Agillochum,   lign-aloes,  aloes- 

Agallochum, )  wood,  agal-wood,  eagle-wood, 
calambac. 

Agapae,  n  pi.     [L.]     Love-feasts. 

Agape,  ad.  I,  Yawning,  with  mouth  wide  open, 
with  open  chasm,  wide  asunder. 

2.  Wondering,  gazing  eagerly,  staring  with 
open  mouth,  amazed,  dumfounded,  dazed,  stupe- 
fied, thunderstruck. 


AGARIC 


14 


AGREE 


Agaric,  n.     I.  Mushroom. 

2.  Touchwood,  spunk,  punk. 

3.  Mountain-milk,  mountain-meal,  native  car- 
bonate of  lime. 

4.  Tuscan  lime-stone,  material  for  floating- 
brick. 

Age,  n.  I.  Duration  of  existence,  time  of  life, 
period   of  life,  stage   of  life. 

2.  Period,  date,  epoch,  time. 

3.  Century,  a  hundred  years. 

4.  Old  age,  decline  of  life,  vale  of  years,  verge 
of  life. 

5.  Maturity,  mature  years,  years  of  discretion. 
Aged,  a.     I.  Old,   elderly,   stricken  in  years,  ad- 
vanced in  life,  with  one  toot  in  the  grave. 

2.  Having  lived,  of  the  age  of,  old. 
Agency,  «.     I.  Intervention,  instrumentality,  me- 
diation, means,  action,  operation,  force,  influence, 
procurement. 

2.    Charge,   direction,    management,   superin- 
tendence, supervision. 
Agent,  n.     I.   Actor,  doer,   operator,   performer, 
executor. 

2.  Active  element,  cause,  force,  modifying 
cause  or  force,  power,  effective  principle. 

3.  Deputy,  attorney,  factor,  representative, 
substitute,  proxy,  go-between,  procurator,  middle- 
man, commissioner,  vicegerent. 

4.  Hand,  employ^,  operative. 
Agglomerate,  v.  a.     Mass,  mass  together,  gather 

m  a  ball  or  mass,  gather  together,  lump  together, 
heap  up,  pile  up. 

Agglomeration,  «  Conglomeration,  accumula- 
tion, lump,  heap,  pile,  mass,  aggregation. 

Agglutinate,  v.  a.  Unite,  glue,  cement,  fasten 
together,  attach  to  each  other,  conglutinate. 

Agglutination,  «.  Cohesion,  union,  sticking  to- 
gether. 

Aggrandize,  v.  a.  Exalt,  dignify,  honor,  elevate, 
promote,  make  great,  raise  to  higher  rank.  See 
Advance. 

Aggrandizement,  «.  Exaltation,  elevation,  pro- 
motion, advancement,  preferment.  See  Advance- 
ment. 

Aggravate,  v.  a.  I.  Heighten  {in  evil),  increase, 
make  worse,  worsen,  render  more  serious. 

2.  Exaggerate,  overstate,  magnify,  color. 

3.  {,0/ questionable  propriety.)  Provoke,  irri- 
tirte,  exasperate,  enrage,  tease. 

Aggravation,  «.  I.  A  heightening  {of  something 
evil). 

2.  Exaggeration. 

3.  {Of  qiiestionahle  propriety.)  Provocation, 
irritation. 

Aggregate,  v.  a.   Amass,  collect,  accumulate,  pile, 

bring  together,  gather  up,  sum  up,  pile  up,  heap 

up,  scrape  together. 
Aggregate,  a.     Collected,  total. 
Aggregate,  «.     Whole,  total,  totality,  gross,  lump, 

sum,   amount,  body,   mass,  gross  amount,  sum 

total,  footing. 
Aggregation,  n.     I.   Aggregating,  act  or  process 

of  collecting  or  combining  or  collocating.     See 

Aggregate,  v. 

2.    Collection,   mass,    pile,    heap,    accumula- 
tion. 
Aggress,  v.  «.     Make  the  first  attack,  be  the  first 

to  attack,  be  the  aggressor,  encroach. 
Aggression,  «•     Attack,  assault,  invasion,  hostile 

encroachment,  injury,  offence. 
Aggressive,  a.     Attacking,   assaulting,    assailing, 

assailant,   invading,  offensive,    prone   to   be   the 

assailant,  inclined  to  take  the  initiative. 
Aggressor,     «.     Assailant,    assaulter,      attacker, 

assaller,  invader,  first  offender. 
Aggrieve,  v.  a.     I.   Pain,   grieve,   afflict,  wound 

the  feelings  of,  cause  sorrow  to. 


2.  Wionj,',  injure,  oppress,  maltreat,  abuse, 
bear  hard  upon,  ill-treat,  ill-use,  impose  upon. 

Aghast,  a.  I,  Horror-struck,  dismayed,  horrified, 
appalled,  terrified,  frightened,  panic-stricken, 
struck  with  horror. 

2.  Amazed,  astounded,  startled,  astonished, 
dumfoundered,  dumfounded  {colloq.),  thunder- 
struck. 

Agile,  a.  Lively,  nimble,  brisk,  smart,  active, 
quick,  ready,  prompt,  alert,  sprightly,  supple, 
winged.     See  Spry. 

Agili^,  n.  Liveliness,  nimbleness,  briskness, 
smartness,  activity,  quickness,  readiness,  prompt- 
ness, promptitude,  alertness,  sprightliness, 
suppleness. 

Agio,  n.  {Com.)    Premium. 

Agiotage,  «.    {Com.)     Stock-jobbing. 

Agitable,  a.  I.  Movable,  capable  of  being 
shaken,  that  can  be  disturbed. 

2.  Debatable,  that  can  be  discussed,  investi- 
gable. 

Agitate,  v.  a.  I.  Shake,  jar,  toss,  betoss,  rock, 
disturb,  trouble  {by  brisk  motion),  convulse. 

2.  Excite,  ruffle,  rouse,  ferment,  disturb,  per- 
turb, betoss,  toss,  stir  up,  work  up. 

3.  Fluster,  flurry,  hurry,  confuse,  disconcert. 

4.  Discuss,  controvert,  canvass,  debate,  dis- 
pute, investigate,  examine,  ventilate. 

5.  Revolve,  consider  on  all  sides,  meditate, 
excogitate,  deliberate,  contrive,  plan,  devise. 

Agitate,  v.  n.  Engage  in  discussion,  keep  dis- 
cussion going. 

Agitation,  n.  I.  Agitating,  shaking,  shake, 
concussion. 

2.  Disturbance,  jarring,  commotion,  convul- 
sion, ferment,  storm,  tumult,  turmoil. 

3.  Excitement,  emotion,  perturbation,  trepida- 
tion, discomposure,  distraction,  ruffle,  flutter, 
flurry,  hurry,  tremor,  fever,  fret. 

4.  Discussion,  disputation,  debate,  contro- 
versy, canvassing,  ventilation. 

Agitator,  «.    I.   Urgent  advocate,  active  reformer, 

exciter  of  active  discussion. 
2.    Incendiary,  firebrand,  stirrer  up  of  strife. 
Agnostic,  n.     Sceptic,  doubter,   Pyrrhonist,  phe- 

nomenalist,  sceptical   idealist,  negative   idealist, 

unbeliever  in  the  absolute  reality  of  knowledge, 

empiricist,  positivist. 
Agnostic,  a.     Sceptical,  phenomenalistic,  etc. 
Agnosticism,  «.     Scepticism,    Pyrrhonism,  nega- 
tive idealism,  empiricism,  positivism. 
Ago,  ad.     Past,  gone,  agone,  since. 
Agog,  <i.     Eager,  impatient,  excited,  wrought  up, 

worked  up,  on  tiptoe,  with  open  mouth. 
Agoing,  ad.     In  motion,  moving,  in  operation,  at 

work,  in  action. 
Agonize,   v.   a.     Torment,   torture,   rack,   wring, 

distress,  pain  severely,  put  in  great  pain. 
Agonize,  v.  n.     Be  tormented,  be  tortured,  suffer 

great  pain,  struggle  (inwardly  or  outwardly)  with 

pain  or  sorrow,  writhe  with  pain. 
Agony,     n.     Anguish    {especially    of  the    body), 

pangs,    torture)    torment,    distress,   rack,   throe, 

severe  pain,  extreme  suffering.     See  Anguish. 
Agree,    v.     n.     I.   Accord,     harmonize,    concur, 

unite,  be  in  unison,  be  of  one  mind,  come  to  the 

same  conclusion. 

2.  Assent,  consent,  accede,  acquiesce,  comply, 
subscribe,  yield  assent,  give  consent,  fall  in  with. 

3.  Stipulate,  bargain,  promise,  engage,  under- 
take, contract,  make  an  agreement,  plight  one's 
word,  pass  one's  word,  pledge  one's  word,  give 
assurance,  take  upon  one's  self,  bind  one's  self. 

4.  Compromise,  compound,  come  to  an  under- 
standing, come  to  an  agreement 

5.  Suit,  match,  tally,  correspond,  coincide, 
cohere,  comport,  conform,  square,  quadrate. 


AGREEABLE 


16 


ALARM 


AgreeaMe,  a.  [With  to/]  I.  Suitable,  fitting,  fit, 
proper,  meet,  appropriate,  befitting,  contormable, 
correspondent,  accordant,  concordant,  consonant. 
2.  Pleasing,  pleasant,  pleasurable,  grateful, 
gratifying,  acceptable,  welcome,  good,  goodly, 
delightful,  charming,  delectable,  delicious,  dulcet, 
sweet,  to  one's  taste,  to  one's  mind,  after  one's 
fancy. 

Agreeably  to.  According  to,  conformably  to,  in 
accordance  with,  in  pursuance  of,  pursuant  to. 

A^jee  with.     I.   Chime  in  with,  fall  in  with. 

2.  Be  wholesome  for,  be  healthful  for,  be  good 
for,  promote  one's  health,  conduce  to  one's 
health. 

3.  Make  a  bargain  with,  strike  hands  with,  be 
reconciled  to. 

Agriculture,  n.  Tillage,  husbandry,  farming, 
culture,  cultivation,  geoponics. 

Agriculturist,  «.  Husbandman,  farrner,  tiller  of 
the  ground,  cultivator  of  the  soil,  agriculturalist. 

Aground,  ad.     I.   Ashore,  not  afloat,  stranded. 
2.   Stranded,   brought   to  a    stop    (for    ideas, 
means,  etc.),  exhausted  in  resources,  run  out. 

A^ue,  «.  I.  Chilliness,  cold,  chill,  shiver,  shiver- 
ing, shivering- fit,  shakes. 

2.  Intermittent  fever,  fever  and  ague,  chills, 
chills  and  fever. 

Ague-weed,  «  Thoroughwort,  boneset,  fever- 
root,  Indian  sage  {Enpaioriunt  perfoliatum). 

Ahead,  ad.  I.  Onward,  forward,  in  advance,  in 
front. 

2.  {Naut.)  In  opposition  {said  qf  the  wind), 
agamst  us,  in  our  teeth. 

Ai,  «.  Three-toed  sloth  {Brady pus  tridactylus  or 
iorquatus). 

Aid,  V.  a.  I.  Assist,  help,  support,  serve,  speed, 
second,  back,  befriend,  prosper,  abet,  co-operate 
with,  take  part  with,  give  support  to,  minister  to, 
take  turn  with,  relieve.     See  Spell. 

2.  Succor,  relieve,  do  kindness  to,  supply  the 
necessities  of,  give  alms  (to). 

Aid,  n.  I.  Assistance,  help,  furtherance,  co- 
operation, patronage,  support,  helping  hand, 
good  offices.     See  Lift. 

2.  Succor,  relief,  alms,  bounty,  subsidy. 

3.  Helper,  assistant.     See  Aider. 

4.  Aide-de-camp. 
Aide-de-camp, «     [Fr.]    {Mil.')    Aid. 
Aider,  «.     Helper,  assistant,  associate,  coadjutor, 

co-operator,  ally,  auxiliary,  abettor,  subordmate, 
accessary,  accessory,  retainer,  henchman,  fol- 
lower, satellite,  acolyte. 

Ail,  V.  a.  Pain,  trouble,  afSict,  be  the  matter 
with. 

Ail,  V.  n.  Suffer,  be  in  pain,  feel  pain,  be  ill, 
peak,  pine. 

All,  «.    Disease.     See  Ailment. 

Ailing,  a.  Sickly,  sick,  ill,  indisposed,  unwell, 
diseased,  feeble,  infirm,  weakly,  poorly,  delicate, 
languishing,  unhealthy,  in  a  feeble  or  bad  way, 
out  of  sorts  {colloq.),  on  the  sick  list,  peaked, 
pining. 

AUment,  n.  Disease,  ail,  illness,  sickness,  ailing, 
indisposition,  malady,  distemper,  disorder,  com- 
plaint, infirmity,  weakness. 

Aim,  V.  a.     Direct,  level,  point. 

Aim,  «.  I.  Direction,  course,  bearing,  tendency, 
bent,  proclivity. 

2.  Intention,  intent,  purpose,  design,  scheme, 
reason,  view,  object,  end,  scope,  drift,  target, 
mark,  goal,  point,  final  cause,  endeavor,  effort, 
attempt,  undertaking. 

Aim  at.  I.  Take  aim  at,  point  at,  level  at,  direct 
toward. 

2.  Intend,  purpose,  design,  mean,  be  at. 

3.  Crave,  desire,  want,  wish,  long  for,  seek, 
look  after,  affect,   yearn  for,  aspire  to,  aspire 


after,  endeavor  after,  be  after,  drive  at,  propose 
to  one's  self,  have  in  view,  have  in  one's  eye, 
have  an  eye  to,  strive  for,  attempt  to  reach. 

Aimless,  a.  Purposeless,  objectless,  random, 
chance,  without  aim  or  end. 

Air,  ;z.  I.  Atmosphere,  atmospheric  air,  commoti 
air. 

2.  Gas,  aeriform  fluid. 

3.  Breeze,  zephyr,  gentle  wind,  breath  of  air, 
current  of  air. 

4.  Weather,  open  air,  open  atmosphere. 

5.  Appearance,  aspect,  mien,  manner,  look, 
cast,  demeanor,  conduct,  carriage,  bearing,  de- 
portment, behavior,  port. 

6.  Tune,  melody,  song,  treble  or  soprano, 
poem. 

Air,  V.  a.    I.  Expose  to  air,  ventilate,  change  the 

air  of. 
2.   Expose,    display,    spread    abroad,    make 

ostentation  of. 
Air-bladder,  «.     Sound  {of  a  fish). 
Air-bubble, «.    Bleb,  blob. 
Air-engine,  «.     Caloric  engine,  heat  engine. 
Airiness,  «.     I.   Openness,  exposure  to  air. 

2.  Lightness,  buoyancy,  grace,  gracility,  grace- 
fulness, flexibility,  pliancy,  litheness. 

3.  Gayety,  levity,  sprightliness,  vivacity,  live- 
liness, etc.     See  Airy,  3. 

Airing,  «.  I.  Ride,  drive,  walk,  promenade, 
stroll,  excursion,  out-door  exercise. 

2.  Exposure  to  air,  admission  of  air,  ventila- 
tion. 

3.  Display,  ostentatious  exhibition,  free  ex- 
posure, diffusion. 

Air-pipe,  «.     Vent,  spiracle,  blow-hole,  air-tube. 
Airs,  n.  pi.    Pretension,  mannerism,  affectedness, 
affected  manner,  assumed  manner.     See  Affec 

TATION. 

Air-tight,  a.  Hermetic,  hermetical,  impenetrable 
to  air,  impervious  to  air. 

Air-tube,  n.    See  Aik-piph. 

Airy,  a.  I.  Unsubstantial,  aerial,  ethereal,  aeri- 
form, thin,  rare.  ^ 

2.  Light,  subtile,  sublimated. 

3.  Sprightly,  buoyant,  vivacious,  volatile, 
jocund,  jolly,  jovial,  lively,  gay,  wanton,  merry, 
blithe,  light,  light-hearted,  light  of  heart,  in 
spirits,  in  good  spirits,  of  good  cheer. 

4.  Light,  buoyant,  graceful,  flexible,  pliant, 
lithe. 

5.  Showy,  gaudy,  flaunting,  jaunty,  garish, 
fine. 

6.  Windy,  empty. 
Aisle,  «.     Passage,  walk. 

Aitchbone,  n.     Edgebone,  natchbone,  rump-bone. 

Ajar,  ad.     Partly  open  {as  a  door),  on  the  turn. 

Ajutage,  n.  Spout  {of  a  fountain),  nozzle,  vent- 
age, vent. 

Akin,  a.  I.  Kin,  related,  allied,  kindred,  cognate, 
of  one  blood,  of  the  same  stock,  consanguineous, 
consanguineal. 

2.  Similar,  c6ngenial,  analogous,  parallel,  like, 
corresponding,  of  a  piece,  cognate,  connected, 
related. 

Alack,  interj.    Alas,  lackaday,  alackaday,  wella- 
day,  woe  's  me. 

Alacrity,  «.     I.   Readiness,  promptitude,  eager- 
ness, alertness,  agility,  activity,  quickness. 
2.    Sprightliness,  gayety,  cheerfulness,  hilarity, 

»  vivacity,  liveliness,  high  spirits,  good  spirits. 

A  la  mode.  [Fr.]     Fashionable,   in  the  fashion, 

,  in  vogue. 

A  la  mode.   [Fr.]     Fashionably. 

Alarm,  «.  I.  Alarum,  larum,  toc<;in,  summons 
to  arms,  alarm-bell,  alarm-gun,  beat  of  drum, 
sound  of  trumpet,  notice  of  danger,  signal  of 
distress. 


ALARM 


16 


ALLOPATHIC 


2.  Fear,  apprehension,  terror,  fright,  affright, 

consternation,  dismay. 
Alflrm,  V.  a.     I.   Call  to  arms,'  summon  to  arms. 
2.   Terrify,   frighten,   attright,    startle,    scare, 

daunt,  appall,  put  in  fear. 
Alann-l)ell,  n.    Tocsin,  etc.     See  Alarm. 
Alarum,  n.     See  Alarm. 
Alas,  interj.     See  Alack. 
Alate,  a.     {Bot.  and  Anat.)    Winged. 
Albacore,  \  n.     Bonito,  horse  mackerel,  {Thynnus 
Albicore,  J     pelamys). 
Albata,  n.    White-metal,   British  plate,  German 

silver. 
Albeit,  ad.    Although,  notwithstanding. 

^chymy! }  '*"    ^^^'*^'  ^^^"""^  *'"''  ^^^"'"^^"■■gy- 

Alcohol,  n.  Spirits  of  wine,  pure  spirit,  highly 
rectified  spirit. 

Alcove,  «.     Recess. 

Aieboof,  «.  Gill,  ground-ivy  {Glechoma  hederacea, 
Nepeta  glechoma). 

Alert,  a.  I.  Watchful,  vigilant,  circumspect, 
wary,  heedful,  on  the  alert,  on  one's  guard,  on 
the  watch,  on  the  lookout,  on  the  guivive. 

2.  Active,  brisk,  nimble,  agile,  smart,  lively, 
sprightly,  spirited,  supple,  quick,  ready,  prompt. 
See  Spry. 

Alertness, ;«.  I.  Watchfulness,  vigilance,  circum- 
spection, wariness. 

2.  Activity,  agility,  nimbleness,  briskness, 
smartness,  sprightliness,  quickness,  spryness, 
promptness,  readiness. 

Algebra,  «.  Analysis  {by  tneatts  of  letters  and 
other  symbols),  calculus,  analytics. 

Alias,  ad.     Otherwise. 

Alias,  n.    Assumed  name. 

Alien,  a.     I.   Foreign,  not  native,  not  naturalized. 
2.   Estranged,     differing,     remote,     unallied, 
separated,  unconnected,   strange,   inappropriate, 
irrelevant,  not  pertinent. 

AUen,  «.     Foreigner,  stranger. 

Alienate,  v.  a.  I.  Abalienate,  transfer,  demise, 
consign,  assign,  convey,  devolve,  make  over, 
deliver  over. 

2.  Estrange,  disaffect,  wean,  withdraw  the 
affections  of,  make  unfriendly. 

Alienation,  «.  I.  Abalienation,  transfer,  demise, 
conveyance. 

2.  Estrangement,  disaffection,  variance,  divi- 
sion, rupture,  breach. 

Alienation  of  mind.  Insanity,  aberration,  de- 
rangement, hallucination,  delusion,  lunacy,  mad- 
ness, frenzy,  craziness,  delirium,  mania,  imbe- 
cility. 

Alight,  r/.  ».    I.   Stop  or  rest  (^/^/^z^^Oj  perch, 
drop,  settle,  lodge. 
2.   Dismount,  descend,  get  down. 

Alight  from.    Get  off,  get  out  of 

Alike,  a.  Similar,  like,  resembling,  resemblant, 
analogous,  allied,  equal,  of  a  piece. 

Alike,  ad.  Equally,  in  the  same  manner,  form, 
or  degree,  together,  in  common,  both.  See 
Akin. 

Aliment,  n.  Nourishment,  nutriment,  food,  sus- 
tenance, subsistence,  provision,  fare,  diet,  regi- 
men, victuals,  meat,  meat  and  drink,  viands, 
cheer,  pabulum,  rations,  feed,  provender,  fodder, 
forage,  prog.     See  Food. 

Alimentary,  a.  Alimental,  nourishing,  nutritious, 
nutritive. 

Alimentation,  «.  Nutrition,  nourishment,  sus- 
tentation. 

Aliped,  a.     Wing-footed. 

AUve,  a.  I.  Living,  breathing,  live,  not  dead,  in 
life,  above  ground,  quick. 

2.  Sensitive,  susceptible,  with  keen  percep- 
tions. 


3.  Active,  in  force,  in  existence,  in  operation, 
operative. 

4.  Cheerful,  sprightly,  lively,  joyous,  brisk. 
See  Alekt. 

All,  a.     The  whole  of,  every  one  of,  every  part  of. 

All,  ad.  Altogether,  entirely,  totally,  completely, 
wholly,  quite. 

All,  n.  Whole,  total,  totality,  aggregate,  every- 
thing. 

All  at  once.  Suddenly,  instantaneously,  in  an  in- 
stant, without  warning. 

Allay,  t/.  a.  I.  Repress,  restrain,  check,  subdue, 
lay,  silence,  appease,  pacify,  compose,  calm, 
quiet,  still,  lull,  hush,  tranquillize,  smooth. 

2.  Assuage,  alleviate,  soothe,  soften,  mitigate, 
solace,  moderate,  mollify,  temper,  attemper,  les- 
sen, lighten,  abate,  qualify,  relieve,  ease,  dull, 
blunt,  palliate. 

All-devouring,  a.  All-destroying,  all-engulfing, 
overwhelming,  annihilating. 

Allegation,  «.     I.   Declaration,  affirmation,  aver- 
ment, assertion,  statement. 
2.   Excuse,  plea. 

Allege,  V.  a.  I.  Declare,  affirm,  assert,  aver, 
predicate,  profess,  asseverate,  maintain,  say. 
See  Affirm. 

2.  Adduce,  assign,  advance,  plead,  produce, 
cite,  quote,  bring  forward,  lay  down. 

Allegiance,  «  Fealty,  fidelity,  loyalty,  homage, 
duty,  obligation,  obedience. 

Allegorical,  a.  Figurative,  typical,  metaphorical, 
not  literal. 

Allegory,  n.  Fable  {in  which  what  is  stated  as  a 
fact  is  figuratively  applied),  parable,  apologue, 
story,  tale,  myth.     See  Parable. 

Alleviate,  v.  a.  Lighten,  mitigate,  assuage, 
moderate,  soothe,  soften,  mollify,  quiet,  still, 
quell,  abate,  lessen,  diminish,  relieve,  palliate, 
ease,  dull,  blunt.     See  Allay. 

Alleviation,  n.  Mitigation,  palliation,  relief,  etc. 
See  preceding. 

Alley,  n.     I.  Walk,  passage,  aisle. 

2.  Lane,  narrow  street,  back-passage,  by-way, 
slum. 

3.  Taw,  large  marble. 

All-Hallow,    \  n.     All-Hallowmas,     Hallowmas, 

All-Hallows,  )  All- Saints'  Day,  the  first  of  No- 
vember, All-Saints. 

AU-hoUow,  ad.  {Colloq,)  Entirely,  completely, 
wholly,  utterly,  thoroughly,  hollow. 

Alliance,  n.  I.  Intermarriage,  afifinity,  family 
connection,  relation,  relationship. 

2.  Confederation,  confederacy,  league,  union, 
treaty,  combination,  coalition,  federation,  copart- 
nership, compact,  federal  compact. 

3.  Affiliation,  making  similar  connection,  simi- 
larity, relationship. 

Allied,  a.  I.  Related,  alike,  similar,  analogous, 
cognate,  kindred,  of  a  piece.     See  Akin. 

2.  United,  confederated,  co-operating,  in 
league,  in  co-operation. 

AU  in  aU.  Altogether,  summarily,  m  the  aggre- 
gate, on  the  whole. 

All-in-aU,  «.  Everything,  the  sum  of  wishes,  the 
whole,  all  respects.  , 

All-knowing,  a.    Omniscient,  all-wise,  all-seemg. 

All  manner  of  ways.     I.    In  many  ways 
2.   In  all  directions,  hither  and  thither. 

AUodial,  a.  Independent,  freehold,  not  feudal, 
free  of  rent  or  service. 

Allodium,  n.     {Law.)     Freehold  estate. 

All  one.  Indifferent,  equal,  just  the  same,  quite 
the  same,  the  same.  , 

Allonge,  n.     Lunge,  longe,  pass,  thrust,  tilt,  stab. 

Allonge,  V.  n  Pass,  lunge,  make  a  pass  or 
thrust. 

Allopathic,  a.    Heteropathic. 


ALLOPATHY 


17 


ALTERABLE 


AUopathy*  «.     Heteropathy, 

AUott   V.   a.     I.    Distribute,  divide,  measure,  ap- 
portion, deal,  dispense,  parcel  out,  deal  out,  give 
out,  mete  out,  portion  out. 
2.  Assign,  appoint,  destine,  destinate,  grant, 


Affi; 


lotment,    n.    I.    Apportionment,    distribution, 
partition,  dole. 

2.  Assignment,  appointment,  grant,  gift. 

3.  Share,  part,  portion,  lot,  quota,  contingent. 
AllOWr   V.   a.     I.    Admit,   acknowledge,   confess, 

own,  concede,  grant. 

2  Permit,  let,  authorize,  grant  leave  to,  give 
permission  to. 

3.  Suffer,  tolerate,  endure,  bear,  put  up  with, 
bear  with. 

4.  Grant,  give,  yield,  relinquish,  spare. 

5.  Approve,  sanction,  justify. 

6.  Remit,  abate,  bate,  deduct. 

Allow,  v-  n.  Make  allowance  or  provision.  [Fol- 
lowed by^tfr.] 

Allowable,  a.  Permissible,  admissible,  lawful, 
proper,  justifiable,  warrantable 

Allowance,  «•  I.  Permission,  leave,  license, 
permit,  authorization,  connivance,  sanction, 
authority,  approval,  approbation,  sufferance. 

2.  Admission,  acknowledgment,  concession, 
assent. 

3.  Grant  for  support,  stated  maintenance, 
commission. 

4.  Qualification,  modification,  extenuation, 
limitation,  exception. 

5.  Ration,  stated  quantity  {of  food  or  drink). 
Allowance,  v.  a.    Put  upon  allowance,  limit  in  the 

supply  of  food. 
Alloy,  n.  I.     Combination  {o/  metals),    metallic 
compound,   amalgam  (/«  case  mercury  is  one 
metal),  alloyage. 

2.  Baser  metal  (mixed  wiih  finer). 

3.  Baser  element  or  ingredient  (/«  anything), 
admixture,  adulteration,  deterioration,  diminu- 
tion, decrement,  drawback,  depreciation,  impair- 
ment, debasement,  detraction,  disparagement. 

Alloy,  V.  a.  I.  Admix  (a  metal  with  a  baser),  re- 
duce the  value,  debase. 

2.  Admix,  deteriorate,  etc  See  preceding 
noun. 

All-powerful,  a.  Almighty,  omnipotent,  all-suf- 
ficient. 

All-Saints'  Day.  All-Hallow,  All-Hallows,  All- 
Hallowmas,  Hallowmas,  the  first  of  November, 
All-Saints. 

All-seeing,  a.     All-knowing,  omniscient,  all-wise. 

All-Souls'  Day.  The  second  of  November,  All- 
Souls. 

Allspice,  n.     Pimento,  Jamaica  pepper 

AU-Sofficient,  a.     See  All-powerful. 

All  the  better.     So  much  the  better 

Allude  to.  Refer  to,  glance  at,  make  allusion  to, 
intimate,  suggest,  insinuate,  hint,  imply.  See 
Advert  to. 

Allure,  V.  a.  Entice,  tempt,  seduce,  decoy,  troll, 
lure,  lead,  solicit,  invite,  attract,  engage,  persuade, 
ensnare,  coax,  inveigle,  cajole,  toll,  over-persuade, 
prevail  upon,  draw  on,    bring  over,  win  over. 

Allurement,    «.  I.     Enticement,   temptation,   se- 
duction,    seducement,     solicitation,     attraction, 
witchery.     See  Allure. 
2.  Lure,  decoy,  bait. 

Allusion,  «.  Reference,  hint,  intimation,  sugges- 
tion, insinuation,  implication,  indirect  mention, 
innuendo.  , 

Allusive,  a.  Hinting,  suggestive,  innuent,  em- 
blematic, typical,  symbolical,  figurative. 

Allusively,  ad.  By  implication,  by  indirect  refer- 
ence, by  way  of  allusion,  by  insinuation,  sugges- 
*ion,  or  innuendo. 


Allnvlal  land.  Dale,  valley,  bottom,  meadow, 
holm,  fen. 

Alluvium,  «.     Sediment,  deposit',  silt. 

All-wise,  a.     Omniscient,  all-knowing,  all-seeing. 

Ally,  z'.«.  I.  Unite, join,  league,  confederate,  con- 
nect, combine,  marry,  connect  by  marriage,  bring 
into  affinity. 

2.  Make  similar,  make  analogous,  bring  into 
resemblance,  raise  into  close  relationship. 

Ally,  n-     I.   Confederate,  coadjutor,  co-operator, 
assistant,    helper,     aider,     auxiliary,     associate, 
friend,  colleague,  partner. 
2.  Abettor,  accomplice.     See  Accessary. 

Almanac,  ».  Calendar,  ephemens,  register  of  the 
year. 

AlDligllty»  a.  Omnipotent,  all-powerful,  all-suffi- 
cient. 

Almighty,  n.  [With  The  prefixed]  The  Omnip- 
otent.   See  God. 

Almonds,  «.  //.     Tonsils,  amygdalae. 

Almoner,  n  Alms-dispenser,  distributor  of  alms, 
dispenser,  distributor. 

Almost,  ad  Nearly,  toward,  towards,  well-nigh, 
all  but,  for  the  most  part,  not  quite,  within  a  little. 

Alms,  ti.  Charity,  benefaction,  gratuity,  gift,  dole, 
bounty,  charitable  donation,  eleemosynary  aid. 

Almsgiving,  n.  Charity,  beneficence,  benefaction, 
benevolence. 

Almshouse,  n.     Poorhouse. 

Aloes-wood,  «.    See  Agallochum. 

Aloft,  ad.  Above,  overhead,  on  high,  in  the  air, 
in  the  sky,  skyward,  heavenward,  in  heaven. 

Alone,  a.  I.  Single,  solitary,  only,  sole,  lone, 
lonely,  isolated,  unaccompanied,  by  one's  self,  by 
itself,  without  company,  without  another,  solus. 

2.  Of  one's  self,  of  one's  own  power,  without 
help. 

Alone,  ad.     Singly,  etc.      See  preceding  adjective. 

Along,  ad.  I.  Lengthwise,  longitudinally,  in  a 
line. 

2.  Onward,  forward. 

3.  Together,  in  company,  beside,  side  by  side, 
at  the  same  time,  simultaneously. 

Along, /r^A     By  or  over,  by  the  side  of,   on  the 

border,  bank,  or  shore  of,  through,  alongst. 
Alongside,  ad.    ^Naut.)    By  the  side  of,  side  by 

side. 
Aloof,  ad.     Apart,  at  a  distance,  away,  off. 
Aloud,  »</.     I.  Audibly,  distinctly,  in  a  clear  voice, 

with  full  voice. 

2.  Loudly,  vociferously,  sonorously,  clamor- 
ously,  obstreperously,  at  the  top  of  the   voice, 

with  a  loud  voice. 
Alphabet,  «.     I.  The  letters  (of  a  language),  the 

ABC,  symbols. 
2.    Elements    {of  a  subject),   rudiments,   the 

ABC,  first  steps. 
Alpine,  a.     I.  Among  the  Alps,  in  the  region  of 

the  Alps,  on  the  Alps. 
2.  Mountainous,  high,  elevated. 
Already,  ad.     I.  Even  now. 

2.  Before  that  time. 
Also,   ad.      Likewise,   too,  besides,   furthermore, 

moreover,  in  addition,  in  like  manner. 
Altar,  n.    I.  Sacrificial  structure,  place  of  sacrifice 

or  offering. 

2.  Shrine,  sacred  place,  place  of  worship,  sanc- 
tuary. Holy  of  Holies,  sanctum  sattctorum,  in- 
most adyta,  inner  penetralia. 

3.  Communion-table,  holy  table.  Lord's  table. 
Alter,  V.  a.     Change,  vary,  modify,   shift,  turn, 

transmute,    metamorphose,   transform,    convert, 

make  some  change  in. 
Alter,  V.  n.    Vary,  change,  be  changeable,  become 

different. 
Alterable,  a.    Changeable,  variable,  mutable.    See 

Alter. 


ALTERANT 


18 


AMELIORATION 


Alterant,  «.     {Med.)    Alterative. 

Alteration,  «.  Change,  variation,  modification, 
deviation,  variance,  turn,  mutation,  vicissitude. 

Alterative, ».     (Med.)    Alterant. 

Altercation,  n.  Dispute,  controversy,  contention, 
strife,  diHerence,  jangling,  jangle,  jarring,  rup- 
ture, quarrel,  sparring,  bickering,  wrangle, 
wrangling,  dissension,    war  of  words. 

Alternate,  a.  I.  Reciprocal,  one  after  another,  in 
turn 

2.  Every  other,  separated  by  one,  succeeding 
each  other  with  intervals  of  one,  discontinuous  by 
omission  of  one. 

3.  On  different  sides  successively. 
Alternate,  v.  n.    Reciprocate,  act  interchangeably. 
Alternate,  v.  a.     Perform  reciprocally,  ^rby  turns, 

or  responsively,  or  by  strophe  and  antistrophe. 

Alternation,  «.     Keciprocation,  interchange. 

Alternative,  «.  Choice  {between  two  things), 
other  (of  two). 

Althougll,  conj.  Though,  albeit,  notwithstand- 
ing, grant  that,  for  all  that,  be  it  so,  even  if,  even 
supposing. 

Altitude,  «.     Height,  elevation,  loftiness. 

Alto,  H.  (Mus.)  Counter,  counter-tenor,  second, 
contralto. 

Altogether,  ad.  I.  Wholly,  quite,  completely, 
entirely,  totally,  utterly,  thoroughly,  throughout, 
fully,  perfectly,  in  toto,  out  and  out,  to  the  full. 

2.  Conjointly,  in  the  aggregate,  in  sum  total, 
in  a  body,  in  a  mass,  en  masse. 

Altruism,  «.  Devotion  to  others,  love  of  others, 
philanthropy,  unselfishness,  public  spirit. 

Altruistic,  a.  I.  Relerring  to  altruism,  marked 
by  the  theory  of  devotion  to  others. 

2.  Devoted  to  others,  philanthropic,  unselfish, 
friendly  to  man,  attached  to  the  common  weal. 

Alumina,  ».  Oxide  of  aluminum,  argillaceous 
earth,  argil. 

Aluminous,  a.     Clayey,  argillaceous. 

Alumnus,  «.  [h.  Pi-  Alumni.']  Foster-child  (^ 
an  institution  of  learning),  graduate,  pupil,  dis- 
ciple. 

Alveary,  n.     Beehive. 

Alveolate,  a.     Cellular,  favose,  honey-cotnbed. 

Alveole,  «.     Socket,  cell,  cavity,  alveolus. 

Alveolus,  n.     [L.]     See  Alveole. 

Always,  ad  Ever,  evermore,  perpetually,  con- 
tinually, eternally,  unceasingly,  everlastingly,  for 
ever,  for  aye,  at  all  times,  to  the  end  of  time, 
through  all  ages.     See  Ave. 

Amadou,  «.  Punk,  spunk,  German  tinder,  black 
match,  pyrotechnic  sponge. 

Amain,  ad.  I.  Violently,  forcibly,  furiously,  head- 
long, with  force,  with  might  and  main. 

1,  {Naut.)     Suddenly,"all  at  once. 
Amalgam,  n.      I.    Mercurial  compound,  mixture 

{of  other  metals)  with  quicksilver. 

2.  Mixture,  composite,  compound,  combina- 
tion, alloy. 

Amalgamate,  v.  a.     I.  Combine  with  mercury. 
2.    Mix,  commix,  commingle,  unite,  combine, 
blend,  incorporate,  compound. 
Amalgamation,  «.  I.  Combination  with  mercury. 

2.  Mixture,  combination,  compound,  commix- 
ture, union,  blending,  commingling,  intermin- 
gling, intermixture,  junction,  conjunction. 

3.  Intermarriage  \of  different  races,  especially 
^     of  black  and  white).     See  Miscegen.^tion. 

Amanuensis,  «.  Scribe,  secretary,  copyist,  tran- 
scriber, writer. 

Amaranthine,  a.  I.  Of  the  amaranth,  like  an 
amaranth. 

2.  Unfading,  fadeless,  imperishable,  undecay- 
ing,  undying,  deathless,  immortal,  perennial, 
ever-blooming,  ever-vernal- 

3.  Purplish,  purpureal,  amethystine. 


Amass,  v  a.  Accumulate,  gather,  aggregate,  pile 
up,  heap  up,  scrape  together,  collect  together, 
rake  up,  gather  into  a  heap  or  pile. 

Amateur,  «.  Dilettant,  dilettante  {pi.  dilettanti), 
desultory  cultivator. 

Amatory,  a.  Amorous,  amatorial,  amatorian, 
erotic,  tender,  passionate,  Anacreontic. 

Amaurosis,  n.  {Med.)  Drop  serene,  gutta  Se- 
rena. 

Amaze,  v.  a.  Astonish,  astound,  confound,  con- 
fuse, perplex,  bewilder,  daze,  stagger,  stupefy, 
dumfound,  dumfounder,  surprise,  take  by  sur- 
prise, strike  with  wonder,  strike  with  astonish- 
ment, petrify  with  wonder. 

Amazement,  n.  Astonishment,  confusion,  per- 
plexity, stupefaction,  bewilderment,  marvel,  won- 
der, surprise. 

Amazing,  a.  Astonishing,  astounding,  confound- 
ing, confusing,  perplexing,  bewildering,  stupen- 
dous, wonderful,  surprising,  marvellous,  prodi- 
gious, portentous,  miraculous,  strange,  striking, 
very  extraordinary. 

Amazon,  «.  Virago,  termagant,  shrew,  scold, 
vixen,  Tartar,  Xanthippe. 

Ambages,  «.  //.  I.  Windings,  turnings,  sinuosi- 
ties. 

2.  Circumlocution,  periphrasis,  verbosity,  ver- 
biage, wordiness,  diffuseness,  circuit  of  words. 

3.  Subterfuges,  evasions,  indirections,  quirks, 
tortuous  courses,  devious  ways. 

Ambagious,  a.  I.  Tortuous,  sinuous,  serpentine, 
winding,  devious. 

2.  Tortuous,  indirect,  evasive,  full  of  subter- 
fuges. 

3.  Round  about,   circumlocutory,    circuitous, 
diffuse,  disjointed,  dull,  tedious. 

Ambassador,  n.  Minister  {of  the  highest  rank), 
plenipotentiarj',  envoy,  legate,  deputy. 

Ambassadors,  «   //.     Embassy,  legation. 

Ambient,  a.  Surrounding,  investing,  encompass- 
ing, enfolding,  embosoming,  encircling,  circling, 
circumjacent,  circumambient 

Ambiguity,  n.  I.  Doubtfulness,  dubiousness, 
doubt,  uncertainty  or  equivocalness  {as  respects 
the  meaning  of  a  term),  indefiniteness,  vague- 
ness, obscurity,  amphiboly. 

2.    Ambiguous,   expression,   double    meaning, 
equivoke  {or  equivoque),  double  entendre. 

Ambiguous,  a.  Doubtful,  dubious,  uncertain  or 
equivocal,  enigmatical,  indefinite,  indistinct, 
vague,  indeterminate,  not  plain,  not  clear,  sus- 
ceptible of  more  than  one  meaning. 

Ambition,  «.     I.  Desire  of  superiority,  desire  of 
distinction,  hunger  for  fame,  love  of  glory. 
2.  Longing,  yearning,  aspiration,  emulation. 

Ambitious,  a.  I.  Aspiring,  emulous,  eager  for 
superiority,  eager  for  distinction  or(ame. 

2.  Eager,  strongly  desirous,  intent,  avid.   [Fol- 
lowed by  ^.] 

3.  Showy,  pretentious,  aiming  at  effect. 
Amble,  v.  «.      I.  Pace,   move,  or  go  at  an  easy 

pace. 
2.  Walk  affectedly,  dawdle. 

Amble,  «.     Pacing,  pace. 

Ambrosial,  a.  I.  Delicious,  luscious,  savory,  pala- 
table, dainty,  nice. 

2.  Ambrosian,  fragrant,  balmy,  odorous,  aro- 
matic, odoriferous,  sweet-scented. 

Ambulatory,  a.     Walking,  moving. 

Ambuscade,  n.  Ambush,  cover,  retreat,  hiding- 
place,  lurking-place. 

Ambttsh,  n.     See  Ambuscade. 

Ameliorate,  v.  a.  Improve,  amend,  mend,  better, 
meliorate,  elevate,  raise,  promote,  make 
better. 

Amelioration,  «.  Improvement,  amendment,  me- 
lioration, bettering,  elevation,  promotion. 


AMEN 


19 


ANEMIC 


Amen*  ad.     So  be  it,  be  it  so,  let  it  be  so. 

Amenability,  «•  Accountability,  liability,  respon- 
sibility, answerableness,  amenableness. 

Amenable,  a.  I.  Accountable,  liable,  responsible, 
answerable. 

2.  Open  (to),  within  the  reach  (of),  able  to  be 
influenced  (by),  impressible  (by),  pliant  (to). 

Amenableness,  ».     See  Amenability. 

Amend,  v.  a.  Improve,  mend,  correct,  rectify, 
reform.     See  Ameliorate. 

Amend,  v.  «.     Improve,  mend,  become  better. 

Amende  honorable.  [Fr.]  Apology  (/^r  im- 
proper treatment  or  language),  reparation. 

Amendment,  «.      I.    Improvement,  relormation, 
change  for  the  better. 
2.  Alteration,  change,  correction. 

Amends,  «.  Compensation,  {for  loss  or  injury), 
recompense,  indemnification,  indemnity,  repara- 
tion, restitution,  redress,  atonement,  expiation, 
satisfaction. 

Amenity,  «.  I.  Pleasantness,  agreeableness, 
mildness,   softness. 

2.  Suavity,  affability,  gentleness,  refinement, 
civility,  comity,  courtesy,  politeness,  urbanity, 
complaisance,  amiability,  geniality,  blandness, 
graciousness,  obliging  manner,  good  manners, 
good-breeding.  _ 

Ament,  «•     Catkin,  amentum. 

Amentum, ».    [L.]    (,Bot)    Ament. 

Amerce,  v.  a.  Fine,  mulct,  impose  a  fine  upon, 
deprive  of,  strip  of. 

Amercement,  «■  Fine,  mulct,  forfeiture,  pecu- 
niary penalty,  deprivation. 

Amiability,  «.  Loveliness,  kindliness,  kindness, 
amiableness,  benignity,  amenity,  affability,  oblig- 
ingness, winsomeness,  attractiveness,  kind-heart- 
edness, fellow-feeling,  good  feeling,  good-humor, 
good  temper,  sweet  temper,  sweetness  of  dis- 
position. 

Amiable,  a  Lovable.  lovely,  sweet,  engaging, 
charming,  winning,  winsome,  attractive,  benig- 
nant, benign,  sweet-tempered,  kind-hearted,  ten- 
der-hearted, worthy  of  love,  of  excellent  dis- 
position. 

Amiableness,  «.     See  Amiability. 

Amianth,  «  Amianthus,  earth-flax,  mountain- 
flax,  flexible  asbestos. 

Amicable,  a.  Friendly,  harmonious,  cordial, 
peaceable,  kind,  kindly,  amiable. 

Amicableness,  «.  Amity,  harmony,  harmonious- 
ness,  peacefulness,  peaceabieness,  kindliness, 
friendliness,  friendship,  cordiality,  friendly  feel- 
ing, good  understanding,  good-will. 

Amid,      \prep.    I.   Among  {without  being  Part 

Amidst,  (      of)y  amongst,  in  the  midst  of,  in  the 
middle  of,  surrounded  by. 
2.  Jointly,  together,  some  of. 

Amidships,  ad.  {Naut.)  Midships,  amid- 
ward. 

Amiss,  a.  Wrong,  improper,  faulty,  erroneous, 
incorrect,  inaccurate. 

Amiss,  ad.  Wrong,  wrongly,  improperly,  faultily, 
erroneously,  incorrectly,  inaccurately. 

Amity,  «.     Friendliness.     See  Amicableness. 

Ammonia,  n.  Volatile  alkali,  ammoniacal  gas,  al- 
kaline air. 

Ammonite,  n.   Snake-stone. 

Ammunition,  «.     I.  Munition,  military  stores. 
2.  Powder  and  shot. 

Amnesty,  «.  Forgiveness  {granted  to  whole 
classes  of  persons),  general  pardon  {by  proclama- 
tion), act  of  oblivion,  freedom  from  penalty. 

Amon?,      \prep.    Am\A(wkiie  making  part  of), 

Amongst,  )  amidst,  in  the  midst  of,  mixed  or 
mingled  with. 

Amorous,  a.  I,  Full  of  sexual  passion,  erotic, 
ardent,  full  of  desire,  prone  to  sexuality. 


2.  Fond,  enamoured,  passionate,  loving,  long- 
ing, ardent,  tender. 

3.  Amatory,  erotic,  tender,  passionate,  impas- 
sioned. Anacreontic. 

Amorphous,  a.  I.  Irregular,  shapeless,  formless, 
unshapen. 

2.  Structureless,  non-crystalline. 

3.  Characterless,  misshapen,  vague,  unorgan- 
ized, disorganized,  chaotic,  confused,  clumsy. 
See  Acephalous. 

Amount,  «.     I.  Aggregate,  sum,  total,  sum  total, 
whole,  footing,  footing  up. 
2.  Effect,  substance,  purport,  result. 

Amount  to.  I.  Aggregate,  come  to,  be  in  the  ag- 
gregate, be  in  the  whole,  be  in  aJl,  foot  up  to, 
sum  up  to. 

2.  Be  equivalent  to,  be  in  effect,  be  substan- 
tially. 

Amour,  «.  Affair  of  gallantry,  love  intrigue,  love 
affair,  illicit  relation,  liaison. 

Amphiboly,  «•    See  Ambiguity. 

Ample,  a.  I.  Large,  great,  capacious,  wide,  ex- 
tended, extensive,  spacious,  broad,  roomy. 

2.  Plentiful,  plenteous,  abundant,  abounding, 
overflowing,  copious,  full,  liberal,  rich,  exuber- 
ant, luxurious,  lavish,  bountiful,  generous,  liberal, 
handsome. 

3.  Diffusive,  unrestricted,  not  contracted,  not 
condensed,  not  concise,  copious,  grandiose. 

Amplification,  n.  I.  Enlargement,  greatening, 
extension,  dilation,  expansion,  broadening,  devel- 
opment. 

2.  Full  detail,  fulness,  diffuseness,  prolixity, 
diffuse  narrative,  copious  discourse. 

Amplifly,  v.  a.  l.  Enlarge,  greaten,  extend,  aug- 
ment, magnify,  dilate,  expand,  widen,  develop. 

2.  Make  copious  or  diffuse,  present  in  all  or 
many  aspects,  dilate,  expand. 

Amplify,  v.  «.  Go  into  detail,  be  copious,  speak 
with  fulness  of  illustration. 

Amplitude,  «.  I.  Bulk,  size,  bulkiness,  largeness, 
bigness,  greatness,  volume,  capaciousness,  width, 
breadth,  extent,  spaciousness,  roominess,  dimen- 
sions, mass. 

2.  Range,  reach,  sweep,  compass,  extent, 
scope,   swing. 

3.  {Astron.)  Angular  distance  {from  the  east 
or  the  west  point),  angular  easting  <7r  westing. 

Amputate,  z'.  a.  Sever,  separate,  cut  off,  prune, 
lop,  curtail,  clip,  remove. 

Amulet,  n.  Talisman,  charm,  phylactery,  protec- 
tion, safeguard. 

Amuse,  v.  a.  I.  Entertain,  divert,  please,  charm, 
gladden,  cheer,  enliven,  solace,  beguile,  relax, 
recreate. 

2.  Beguile,  deceive  {by  inspiring  false  hopes), 
delude,  cheat,  inveigle,  mislead,  impose  upon. 

Amusement,  «•  Entertainment,  diversion,  diver' 
tissement,  sport,  play,  fun,  frolic,  merriment, 
pleasure,  merry-making,  recreation,  relaxation, 
pastime,  game. 

Amusing,  a.  Entertaining,  diverting,  pleasing, 
lively,  laughable,  risible,  ludicrous,  droll,  comic, 
mirth-provoking,  comical,  funny,  farcical,  ridicu- 
lous. 

An,  art.     I.  One,  any,  some. 
2.  Each,  every. 

Anachronism, «.    Misdate. 

Anacreontic,  a.  Amatory,  amatorial,  amatorian, 
amorous,  erotic,  convivial. 

Anacreontic,       J  «.      Erotic  or   amatory    poem, 

Anacreontique, )  madrigal,  drinking-song,  wine- 
song. 

Anaemia,  ».  {Med.)  Deficiency  of  blood,  poverty 
of  blood,  bloodlessness. 

Anaemic,  a.  Indicating  anaemia,  anaemied,  defi- 
cient in  blood,  thin-blooded,  bloodless. 


ANESTHESIA 


20 


ANILE 


Ansesthesia, )  «.     {Med.)     Insensibility  {as  that 

Anaesthesia,  )  produced  by  the  inhalation  of 
sulphuric  ether,  chloroform,  etc.),  unconscious- 
ness of  pain,  suspended  sensibility,  suspended 
consciousness. 

AnaestJbetic,  a.  Producing  insensibility,  destruc- 
tive of  pain. 

Anaesthetic,  «.  Pain-suppressing  agent,  agent 
producing  insensibility. 

Analect,  «.  [pi.  Analects  or  Analecta.'\  Selec- 
tion, extract,  selected  piece,  select  piece.  In  pi., 
collection  of  literary  fragments. 

Analeptic,  a.  Restorative,  strencthening,  invigor- 
ating, comforting. 

Analeptic,  «.     Restorative. 

Analogical,  a.  Having  analogy,  resembling,  by 
analogy,  corresponding,  similar 

Analogous,  a.  Similar  {in  relations  or  uses),  re- 
sembling, alike,  like,  cognate,  parallel,  corre- 
sponding, allied,  of  a  piece. 

Analogue,  «.  Correspondent,  parallel,  counter- 
part, similar  feature  or  trait,  analogon. 

Analogy,  «.  Similarity  {in  relations  or  uses), 
resemblance,  likeness,  parallelism,  similitude, 
parity,  correspondence. 

Analysis,  n.  I.  Resolution,  decomposition,  dis- 
section, separation  {of  elements). 

2.  Algebra,  calculus,  analytics. 

3.  Parsing. 
Analyst,  «.     Algebraist. 

Analytic,      )  a.    I.  Separative,  solvent,  resolvent. 

Analytical,  (        2.  Algebraic. 

Analyze,  v.  a.    Decompose,  decompound,  dissect, 

resolve. 
Anaphrodlsiac,     n.       Antaphrodisiac,     passion- 

queller,   lust-quencher. 
Anarch,  «.     See  Anarchist. 
Anarchist,  «.     Jacobin,  turbulent  demagogue. 
Anarchy,  «.     Disorder,  misrule,  confusion,  want 

of  government,  lawlessness,  reign  of  violence. 
Anastomose,  v.  n.    {Bot.  and  Anat.)    Inosculate, 

unite  at  the  end. 
Anastomosis,  ».    {Bot.  and  Anat.)     Inosculation. 
Anathema,  n.     Curse,  malediction,  denunciation, 

imprecation,    fulmination,    execration,    malison, 

proscription,  ban,  excommunication. 
Anathematize,  v.  a.     Curse,  maledict,  denounce, 

imprecate,  execrate,  fulminate  against,  proscribe, 

ban,  excommunicate. 
Anathematize,  v.  «.     Curse,  utter  anathemas,  ful- 
minate, ban. 
Anatomatize,  v.  a.    I.  Dissect. 

2.    Scrutinize,  analyze,  sift,  probe,   examine, 

lay  open. 
Anatomy,  «.     I.  Dissection. 

2.  Structure,  structural  form,  structural  plan, 
structural  details. 

3.  Structural  science. 

4.  Skeleton,  bony  structure. 

5.  Meagre  person,  heap  of  skin  and  bones. 
Ancestor,  «.     Forefather,  progenitor,  father. 
Ancestral,  a.     Hereditary,  patrimonial. 
Ancestry,   n.      I.    Lineage,  family,  race,  house, 

line  of  ancestors,  line. 

2.  Pedigree,  stock,  genealogy,  descent. 

3.  High  birth,  noble  blood,  gentle  blood,  no- 
bility, hereditary  rank. 

Anchor,  «.     I.    Ground  tackle  {of  a  ship). 

2.  Sure  protection,  security,  stay,  hold,  defence. 
Anchor,  v.  a.     Secure  by  anchor,'  secure,  fasten, 

fix  securely. 
Anchor,  v.  «.    Cast  anchor,  come  to  anchor,  keep 

hold,  take  firm  hold. 
Anchorage,  n.      Roadstead,  road,  port,   harbor, 

resting-place. 
Ar.cboret,  «.     Hermit.     See  Anchorite. 
Anchor-ice,  «.     Ground-ice. 


Anchorite,  «•    Hermit,  recluse,  solitary,  anchoret, 

eremite,  solitaire. 
Ancient,  a.     I.  Old,  primitive,  pristine,  of  eld,  of 

old  time,  not  modern.     See  Olden. 

2.  Of  great  age,  of  long  duration. 

3.  Antiquated,  antique,  archaic,  obsolete,  by- 
gone, old-fashioned,  out  of  fashion,  out  of  date, 
gone  by. 

Anciently,  ad.  Formerly,  of  old,  in  the  olden 
time,  in  ancient  times,  in  days  of  yore,  long  ago, 
a  long  while  ago,  in  days  long  gone. 

Ancillary,  a.     I.  Helping,   helpful,  auxiliary,  in- 
strumental. 
2.  Subservient,  subordinate,  subsidiary. 

Anecdote,  «.  Story  {of  private  life),  biographical 
incident. 

Anemone,  «.     Wind-flower. 

Anemoscope,  «.     Weather-cock,  vane. 

Anew,  ad.  Newly,  afresh,  again,  over  again,  de 
novo. 

Anfractuous,  a.  Winding,  meandering,  crooked, 
serpentine,  devious,  tortuous,  sinuous,  intricate, 
ambagious. 

Angel,  «.  Spirit,  supernatural  being,  seraph, 
cherub. 

Angel,  a.     {Poetical.)    Angelic. 

Angel-fish,  n.  Monk-fish  {Squatina  angelus), 
fiddle-fish. 

Angelic,      J  a.     Seraphic,  cherubic,  heavenly,  ce- 

Angelical,  )  lestial,  adorable,  transporting,  en- 
rapturing, ravishing,  rapturous,  entrancing,  angel. 

Anger,  n.  Wrath,  rage,  fury,  resentment,  ire,  in- 
dignation, exasperation,  choler,  gall,  bile,  spleen, 
dudgeon,  passion,  displeasure,  vexation,  irrita- 
tion, offence,  bad  temper,  ill  temper,  hot  temper. 
See  Temper. 

Anger,  v.  a.  Irritate,  displease,  offend,  provoke, 
exasperate,  rouse,  chafe,  gall,  vex,  nettle, incense, 
enrage,  inflame,  madden,  infuriate,  make  angry. 

Angina  pectoris.     [L.]     Breast-pang. 

Angle,  n.  I.  (Geom.)  Difference  of  direction  {of 
two  lines),  divergence,  opening,  flare. 

2.  Corner,  bend,  elbow,  knee,  crotch,  cusp, 
point  (where  two  liftes  tneet). 

3.  Hook,  fish-hook. 

Angle,  V  n.     Fish  {with  a  rod),  bob. 

Angle  for.  Fish  for,  scheme  for,  plot  for,  try  to 
get  by  artifice. 

Angler,  «.     I.  Fisherman,  fisher. 

2.  Frog-fish,  toad-fish,  fishing-frog,  sea-devil 
{Lophius  piscatorius). 

Angle-rafter,  «.     Hip-rafter,  piend-rafter. 

Anglican,  a.     English  {said  of  the  Church). 

Anglice,  ad.     [L.]     In  English. 

Anglicism,  «.  English  idiom,  thorough  English 
quality. 

Anglicize,  v.  a  Give  an  English  form  to,  intro- 
duce into  English. 

Angling,  «.  Fishing  {with  a  rod).  See  also 
Angle  for. 

Angry,  a.  Provoked,  exasperated,  irritated,  in- 
censed, piqued,  galled,  chafed,  indignant,  moody, 
sulky,  irate,  ireful,  wroth,  wrathful,  storming,  in- 
furiate, infuriated,  furious,  raging,  resentful,  hot, 
inflamed,  mad,  passionate,  in  a  passion,  in  a  pet, 
in  the  tantrums  (colloq.),  out  of  humor,  out  of 
temper,  out  of  tune. 

AngniUiform,  a.     Eel-shaped. 

Angtlish,  n.  Agony  {especially  of  the  mind),  tor- 
ment, torture,  rack,  pang,  severe  pain,  extreme 
suffering,  acute  distress.     See  Agony. 

Anguish,  v.  a.     Distress,  torture.     See  Agonize. 

Angular,  a.    Pointed,  with  angles,  with  corners. 

Angular  distance.  Apparent  distance,  distance  as 
measured  by  an  angle. 

Anile,  a.  Aged,  imbecile,  senile,  doting,  decrepit, 
superannuated,  old-womanish. 


ANILITY 


21 


ANNUNCIATION 


Anility,  n.  Imbecility,  dotage,  senility,  decrepi- 
tude, superannuation,  weakness. 

Aniinadversion,  «,  I.  Notice,  observation,  per- 
ception, act  of  noticing,  etc.,  remark,  comment 

2.  Reproof,  stricture,  censure,  blame,  asper- 
sion, reflection,  condemnation,  reprobation,  re- 
prehension, severe  criticism. 

Animadvert  upon.  I.  Remark,  notice,  note,  take 
notice  of,  mention,  consider. 

2.  Censure,  disapprove,  find  fault  with,  object 
to,  take  exception  to,  protest  against,  criticise 
severely. 

Animal,  «  I.  Creature,  living  being,  created 
being,  sentient  being. 

2.  Beast,  irrational  creature,  dumb  creature, 
beast  of  the  field,  fowl  of  the  air,  denizen  of  the 
deep      See  Brute. 

Animal,  a.  I.  Pertaining  to  living  beings,  living, 
sentient. 

2.  Derived  from  animals,  composed  of  flesh, 
consisting  of  meat. 

3.  Carnal,  physical,  natural,  fleshly,  unspirit- 
ual,  beastly,  brutal,  brutish. 

Animalcula,  «.  //•  [L.]  Animalcules,  micro- 
scopic animals. 

Animalcule,  n.  Microscopic  animal,  very  minute 
animal. 

Animal  magnetism.    Mesmerism. 

Animal  spirits.     I.   Nervous  fluid,  the  nervous 

force,  vital  principle,  life. 
2.    Energy,    vigor,    life,    spirit,    buoyancy   of 

mind,   lightheadedness,   impulsiveness,   spirited- 

ness.     See  Animation. 
Animate,  v.  a.     I.   Quicken,  inform,  make  alive, 

give  life  to,  vivify. 

2.  Invigorate,  fortify,  revive,  give  vigor  or 
energy  to. 

3.  Stimulate,  waken,  rouse,  whet,  incite,  im- 
pel, excite,  fire,  heat,  urge,  provoke,  warm,  goad, 
kindle,  prompt,  work  up,  set  on. 

4.  Encourage,  inspire,  inspirit,  embolden, 
enhearten,  hearten,  exhilarate,  gladden,  elate, 
elevate,  flush,  erect. 

Animated,  a..  Lively,  vigorous,  sprightly,  brisk, 
vivacious,  buoyant,  spirited,  jocund,  blithe,  gay, 
elated,  full  of  life,  full  of  spirit. 

Animating,  a.  Cheering,  inspiringj  enlivening, 
encouraging,  exhilarating,  stimulating,  exciting, 
elevating,  spirit-stirring,  heart-stirring. 

Animation,  «.  I.  Act  of  enlivening  or  making 
alive,  vitalization,  vivification,  inbreathing  of 
life,  inspiration,  stimulation,  etc.,  as  below. 

2.  Life,  vitality,  breath,  vital  power,  vital 
spark,  breath  of  life. 

3,  Liveliness,  spirit,  spiritedness,  vivacity, 
sprightliness,  buoyancy,  elasticity,  airiness,  vigor, 
ardor,  courage,  force,  strength,  energy,  exhilara- 
tion, cheerfulness,  gayety,  cheer,  animal  spirits, 
high  spirits,  good  spirits. 

Animosity,  «.  Malignity,  virulence,  bitterness, 
rancor,  hostility,  hatred,  hate,  enmity,  grudge, 
rankling,  spleen,  ill-will,  heart-burning,  violent 
hatred,  active  enmity,  persistent  hostility. 

Animus,  «  [L.]  I.  Hostile  feelina;,  malice,  par- 
tisan feeling,  intention,  purpose,  aim, 

2.  Disposition,  spirit,  temper,  general  tone, 
tone  of  mind. 

Annals,  n.  pi.  Records  {in  the  order  of  years), 
chronicles,  registers,  rolls,  archives,  historical 
accounts. 

Anneal,  v.  a.  Temper  (*»  glass^  by  slow  cooling\ 
toughen. 

Annex,  v.  a.     I.   AfSx,  attach,  subjoin,  superadd, 
append,  tag,  tack.     See  Add. 
2.   Join,  unite,  connect. 

Annexation,  n.  I.  Affixing,  attaching,  attach- 
ment, addition,  adding,  appending,  annexment. 


2.  Junction,  joining,  connection,  conjunction, 

union. 
AnniMlable,  a.     Utterly  destructible,  capable  of 

being    blotted    out    o\   existence,    reducible    to 

nonentity. 
Annihilate,  v.  a.     Destroy,   extinguish,   quench, 

kill,  exterminate,  raze,  blast,  ruin,  nullify,  annul, 

put  an  end  to,  put  out  of  existence,  blot  out,  blot 

from  being,  obliterate. 
Annihilation,  «.     I.    Utter  destruction,   eradica- 


tion,   extermination,    obliteration,    abolishment. 
2.    Non-existence,  non-being,  oblivion,  eternal 
blank,  NirvSna. 

Anniversary,  a.  Yearly  (/«  tke  sense  of  return- 
ing with  the  year),  annual. 

Anniversary,  «.  Day  of  annual  celebration,  fete- 
day,  annual  festival, y^/^. 

Anno  Domini.  [L.]  In  the  year  of  our  Lord,  in 
the  year  of  grace,  in  the  year  of  human  salvation, 
anno  salutis. 

Annotate,  v  a.  Comment  on,  make  notes  on, 
make  comments  or  remarks  upon,  supply  with 
notes,  elucidate,  explain,  illustrate. 

Annotate,  v.  n.  Comment,  make  notes,  act  as  an 
annotator. 

Annotation,  n.  I.  Note,  comment,  commentary, 
remark,  observation,  gloss,  scholium,  explanation, 
elucidation,  illustration. 

2.  Supplying  with  notes,  making  notes,  com- 
mentation, commenting,  illustrating,  illustration, 
elucidating,  elucidation. 

Announce,  v.  a.  Publish,  proclaim,  blazon,  pro- 
mulgate, declare,  report,  trumpet,  advertise, 
communicate,  set  forth,  give  out,  blaze  abroad, 
noise  abroad,  herald  abroad,  spread  abroad,  give 
notice  of,  make  proclamation  of,  lay  before  the 
public,  bring  to  the  notice  of  the  public. 

Announcement,  n.  Advertisement,  notice,  notifi- 
cation, proclamation,  declaration,  promulgation, 
annunciation,  pronunciamento,  manifesto. 

Annoy,  v.  a.  Molest,  trouble,  vex,  wound,  pain, 
plague,  worry,  irritate,  fret,  chafe,  incommode, 
disturb,  disquiet,  pester,  bother,  tease,  infest, 
embarrass,  haras.?,  harry,  hector,  badger 

Annoyance,  «.  Vexation,  molestation,  discomfort, 
trouble,  plague,  nuisance,  bore,  torment,  inflic- 
tion, irritation,  scourge,  thorn,  bitter  pill,  gall 
and  wormwood. 

Annual,  a.  Yearly,  occurring  once  a  year,  occur- 
ring every  year,  lasting  a  year,  recurring  with  the 
year,  anniversary. 

Annual,    n.      I.    Yearly    publication,    year-book, 
yearly  record,  yearly  report,  yearly  transactions, 
annals  {of  science  or  letters'). 
2.    Plant  living  but  a  year. 

Annually,  ad.  Yearly,  by  the  year,  every  year, 
once  a  year,  year  by  year,  per  annum. 

Annul,  V.  a.  I.  Cancel,  abrogate,  repeal,  revoke, 
recall,  countermand,  reverse,  rescind,  abolish, 
disannul,  vacate,  quash,  nullify,  supersede,  in- 
validate, overrule,  make  void,  set  aside. 

2.  Reduce  to  nought,  obliterate.  See  Anni- 
hilate. 

Annular,  a.  Ring-shaped,  in  the  form  of  a  ring, 
ring-like. 

Annulet,  «.    I.  Little  ring. 

2.  {Arch.)  Fillet,  listel,  list,  cincture, 
tenia. 

Annulling,  «     See  Annulment. 

Annulment,  «.  Annulling,  nullification,  abroga- 
tion, repeal,  rescission,  cancelling,  revocation, 
abolition.     See  Annul. 

Annunciation,  n,    I.   See  Announcement. 

2.  [With  The  ]  Salutation  of  the  Virgin,  Av* 
Maria. 

3.  [With  T"^*.]  Anniversary  of  the  Annuncia- 
tion, 25th  of  March. 


ANODYNE 


22 


ANTIQUITY 


Anodyne,  «■  Opiate,  sedative,  palliative,  lenitive, 
narcotic. 

Anoint,  v.  a.     I.   Smear,   rub   over  with   oil  or 
unctuous  matter. 
2.   Consecrate  by  unction. 

Anomalistic,  a.     See  Anomalous. 

Anomalous,  a  Irregular,  abnormal,  anomalistic, 
unconformable,  preternatural,  unnatural,  unusual, 
singular,  peculiar,  exceptional,  aberrant,  eccentric, 
erratic,  monstrous,  out  of  the  way. 

Anomaly,  «.  Irregularity,  abnormity,  singular- 
ity, peculiarity,  unconformity,  eccentricity,  mon- 
strosity. 

Anon,  ad.  Soon,  quickly,  shortly,  immediately, 
forthwith,  on  the  instant,  directly,  in  a  short  time, 
ere  long,  at  another  time,  again,  afterward. 

Anonymous,  a.  Nameless,  without  the  name  of 
the  author,  of  unknown  authorship,  unacknowl- 
edged {of  writings). 

Anotiier,  a.     I.   bome  other,  any  other,  not  the 
same,  a  different. 
2.   One  more. 

Answer,  v  «.  I.  Reply  {especially  to  a  question), 
rejoin,  respond,  say  m  reply,  make  answer,  reply, 
or  response. 

2.  Be  accountable,  be  responsible  or  liable,  be 
security,  go  surety. 

3.  Correspond,  be  correlated,  be  counterpart, 
be  like,  be  similar. 

4.  Do,  pass,  serve,  suit,  be  suff.cient,  be 
enough,  do  well  enough,  pass  muster,  be  of 
use 

Answer,  v.  a.  I.  Reply  to,  respond  to,  make 
answer  to. 

2.  Refute,  meet  by  argument  or  explanation. 

3.  Satisfy,  fulfil,  be  suitable  to,  be  sufficient 
for. 

Answer,  «.     I.   Reply,  response,  rejoinder,  repli- 
cation, retort,  counter-statement. 
2.   Refutation,  confutation,  defence,  plea. 

Answerable,  a.  I.  Refutable,  that  may  be  an- 
swered. 

2.  Accountable,  responsible,  amenable,  liable. 

3.  Corresponding,  correspondent,  correlative, 
proportionate,  suitable,  suited,  fit. 

Ant,  «.    Pismire,  emmet 

Antagonism,  n.  Opposition,  contrariety,  repug- 
nance, contradiction,  clashing,  incompatibility, 
inconsistency,  incongruity,  discord,  discordance, 
discordancy,  disharmony,  dissonance,  conflict, 
hostility,  enmity,  feud. 

Antagonist,  «.  Opponent,  adversary,  rival,  com- 
petitor, enemy,  foe,  adverse  party. 

Antagonistic,  a  Antagonist,  opposing,  adverse, 
opposite,  hostile,  inimical,  contrary,  contradictory, 
repugnant,  conflicting,  incompatible,  inconsistent, 
incongruous,  discordant,  dissonant. 

Antagonize,  v.  a.  Oppose,  contend  against,  coun- 
teract, conflict  with,  be  hostile  to,  tend  to  annul, 
check. 

Antagonize,  v.  n.  Struggle  together,  contend 
with  each  other,  be  at  feud,  tend  to  annul  each 
other. 

Antecedence,  «.  Priority  {in  time),  anteriority, 
precedence. 

Antecedent,  a.  Preceding,  precedent,  previous, 
prior,  anterior,  foregoing,  precursory,  forerunning, 
going  before. 

Antecedent,  «.     I.   Precursor,  forerunner. 

2.  {Math.')     First  term  {of  a  ratio). 

3.  {Gram.)  Preceding  noun  {to  ivAich  a  Pro- 
noun  refers). 

4.  {Logic.)  First  proposition  {in  an  enthy- 
mente). 

Antecedents,  n.  pi.  Previous  history  {of  an  indi- 
vidttaf),  previous  course,  incidents  oi  one's  past 
life,  record. 


Antedate,  v.  a.  I.  Date  before  the  true  time,  date 
back,  date  earlier  than  the  fact. 

2.  Anticipate,  forestall,  foretaste,  experience 
beforehand 

Antenatal,  a.  Prenatal,  prior  to  birth,  fetal,  in 
the  womb. 

Antepast,  «.  Foretaste,  prelibation,  forestalling, 
presentiment.     See  Anticipation. 

Anterior,  a.     I.    Preceding,  prior,  previous,  fore- 
going, going  before-     See  Antecedent. 
2._  Fore,  front,  in  front. 

Anteriority,  n.    l.   Priority  {in  time),  precedence, 
antecedence. 
2.   Position  in  advance,  situation  in  front. 

Ante-room,  «.  Vestibule,  lobby,  hall,  ante- 
chamber 

Anthelmintic,  n.     Vermifuge,  helminthagogue. 

Anthem,  n.     Hymn,  divine  song. 

Anthology,  «.  Selections  {from  authors),  beau- 
ties, elegant  extracts. 

Anlhtacite,  n.  Blind-coal,  glance-coal,  stone-coal, 
hard-coal. 

Anthropoid,  a.  Manlike,  resembling  man,  anthro- 
pomorphic, having  a  human  or  manlike  form. 

Anthropomorphism,  «.  Sensuous  theism,  repre- 
senting God  under  human  limitations. 

Anthropophagi,  «.  //.     Cannibals,  man-eaters. 

Antic,  a.  Odd,  fanciful,  fantastic,  grotesque, 
merry,  ludicrous,  wild,  ridiculous. 

Antic,  n.  I.  Prank,  trick,  freak,  gambol,  caper, 
vagary. 

2.  Buffoon,  fool,  merry-andrew,  scaramouch, 
mountebank,  harlequin,  punch,  clown,  zany, 
jester,  jack-pudding,  pickle-herring. 

Anticipate,  v.  a.     l.   Go  before,  get  the  start  of. 

2.  Take  up  beforehand,  consider  in  advance, 
meet  or  pay  in  advance, 

3.  Foretaste,  forestall,  antedate,  experience 
beforehand. 

4.  Expect,  forecast,  foresee,  look  forward  to, 
count  upon,  reckon  upon,  calculate  upon,  prepare 
one's  self  for. 

Anticipation,  n.  I.  Expectation,  expectance, 
contemplation,  prospect,  hope,  trust.  See  also 
Abeyance. 

2.  Foretaste,  prelibation,  antepast,  presenti- 
ment, forestalling,  foreseeing,  foresight,  pre- 
science, prevision,  forethought,  forecast,  precon- 
ception, experience  beforehand,  prior  realization. 

Anticlimax, «.    Bathos. 

Antidote,  «.    I.  Counterpoison,  anti-poison,  coun- 
teractive, corrective. 
2.   Remedy,  cure,  specific,  restorative. 

Antifebrile,  a.     Febrifugal. 

Antifebrile, «.    Febrifuge. 

Antimacassar, «.    Tidy. 

Antipathy,  n.  Repugnance  {natural  or  constitu- 
tional), disgust,  abhorrence,  detestation,  hatred, 
hate,  loathing,  aversion,  horror. 

Antipodal,  a.  Opposite,  over  against,  diametri- 
cally opposite,  contrary  in  the  utmost. 

Anti-poison,  n.     See  Antidote. 

Antiquarian,  «.  Antiquary,  archseologian,  archs- 
ologist. 

Antiquarian,  a.     Archaeological. 

Antiquary,  n.     See  Antiquarian. 

Antiquated,  a.  Obsolete,  unfashionable,  antique, 
bygone,  archaic,  ancient,  grown  old,  out  of  use, 
out  of  fashion,  out  of  date,  old  fashioned,  gone 

Antiqne,  a.     Old,  ancient,  archaic,  old-fashioned, 

bygone. 
Antique,    «.     Ancient    rarity,    piece    of    ancient 

art. 
Antiquity,  «.     I.   Remote  times,  the  olden  time, 

ancient  times,  days  of  yore,  early  times,  days  of 

eld,  hoary  eld. 


ANTISPASMODIC 


23 


APPARENTLY 


2.  Ancients,  people  of  old  times,  ancient  life 
and  practice. 

3.  Ancientness,  great  age. 

4.  [//•]     Relics  of  old  times,  early  remains, 
ancie  .t  manners  and  customs,  archeology 

Antispasmodic,  a.  Carminative,  good  for  cramp 
or  spasms. 

Antistrophe,  n.     Counter-song,  response. 

Antithesis,  n.    i^Rhet.)    Contrast,  opposition. 

Antithetic,      I  a.     Contrasted,  placed  in  contrast. 

Antithetical,  f      strongly  or  extremely  opposed. 

Anxiety,  «.  Solicitude,  concern,  care,  uneasiness, 
disquiet,  disquietude,  apprehension,  fear,  misgiv- 
ing, foreboding,  perplexity,  worry,  vexation, 
trouble,  pain. 

Anxious,  a.  Solicitous,  uneasy,  restless,  unquiet, 
apprehensive,  greatly  concerned.     See  Careful. 

Any,  a.     I.   A  single  one  (fif  niany\  any  one. 
2.    Some  {^indefinitely). 

Any,  ad.     Somewhat,  at  all,  in  any  degree. 

Anyhow,  ad.  In  any  manner,  in  any  way,  in  any 
case. 

Apace,  ad.  Quickly,  speedily,  swiftly,  rapidly, 
hastily,  post-haste,  with  speed,  with  quick  pace. 

Apart,  ad.    I.   Separately,  aloof,  aside,  by  one's 
self,  by  itself. 
2.   Asunder,  into  two  parts,  to  or  in  pieces. 

Apartment,  «.     Room,  chamber,  hall. 

Apathetic,  a.  Unfeeling,  passionless,  impassible, 
impassive,  stoical,  unimpressible,  unsusceptible, 
insensible,  senseless,  soulless,  phlegmatic,  dull, 
obtuse,  cold,  sluggish,  torpid,  tame,  lukewarm, 
indifferent,  unconcerned,  callous,  dead,  cold- 
blooded, without  sensibility,  destitute  of  feeling. 

Apathy,  «.  Insensibility,  impassibility,  dispassion, 
dulness,  torpor,  hebetude,  sluggishness,  coldness, 
phlegm,  indifference,  unconcern,  unfeelingness, 
stoicism,  want  of  feeling,  pococurantism. 

Ape,  n.     I.   Simian,  troglodyte,  tailless  monkey. 

2.  Mimic,  servile  imitator. 

3.  Imitator,  imitation,  image,  type,  likeness 

4.  Object  of  contempt,   monster  of  ugliness, 
object  of  ridicule,  guy 

Ape,  V.   a.     I.   Mimic  (/'«  good  sense),   imitate, 

counterfeit,  take  the  form  or  appe  irance  of. 
2.   Mimic,  {in  bad  sense),  copy  with  servility, 

affect,  imitate  with  effort,  imitate  futilely. 
Aperient,    a      {Med.)     Laxative,      deobstruent 

loosening. 
Aperient,  «.    {Med.)  Laxative,  laxative  medicine 
Aperture,   «.      Opening,    hole,   perforation,    gap, 

cleft,  rift,   chasm,  orifice,   passage,   eye,   eyelet, 

loop-hole 
Apex,  n.     Top,  summit,  acme,   zenith,   pinnacle, 

highest  point,  culminating  point,  utmost  height. 
Apms,    «.     \*l     Aphides.'\     Plant-louse,     vme- 

fretter,  puceron. 
Aphorism,   «      Maxim,   adage,   proverb,   saying, 

dictum,    saw,    apothegm,     byword,     sententious 

precept. 
Apiarist,   «.      Bee-breeder,  bee-keeper,   bee-stu- 
dent, keeper  of  an  apiarv,  bee-master,  apiarian. 
Apiary,  «.     Bee-house,  beehive-frame,  bee-stand, 

bee-shed. 
Apiece,  ad.     Severally,  for  each,  each. 
Apish,  a.     I.   Imitative  {in  a  servile  tttanner), 

mimicking. 
2.   Affected,  foppish,  trifling. 
Aplomb,  «.  [Fr  ]  Self-possession,  self-balance,  self- 
confidence,  collectedness,  self-poise,  assurance. 
Apocal3nPSe,  «.    Revelation,  prophecy  of  St   John. 
Apocalyptic,  a.     I.   In  or  from  the  Revelation. 
2.    Prophetic,    mystic,    mystical,     mysterious, 

revelatory  of  mysteries. 
ApoClTphal,   a.     Unauthentic,    legendary,    unca- 

nonical,    of  doubtful   authority,    fictitious,   false, 

equivocal,  dubious,  spurious. 


Apodeictic,  \  a.      Necessarily     universal,     abso- 

ApodiCtiC,  J  luteiy  certain,  demonstrative,  un- 
questionable, infallibly  so,  beyond  contradiction, 
beyond  peradventure. 

ApoUyon,  «.  The  Destroyer,  Satan,  the  Arch- 
fiend, the  Devil,  Abaddon,  the  Fiend,  the  Arch- 
enemy, Beelzebub,  the  Prince  of  Darkness,  the 
Prince  of  the  Power  of  the  Air. 

Apologetic,  a.     I.   Excusatory,  exculpatory 

2.  Defensive,  by  way  of  defence,  vindicative, 
repelling  or  refuting  allegations 

Apologetics,  n  Evidences  of  Christianity,  defence 
of  the  Christian  religion,  science  of  Christian 
evidences. 

Apologist,  n.  Defender,  vindicator,  supporter, 
advocate. 

Apologize,  V.  n.  Make  an  apology,  ofiEer  an  excuse, 
plead  in  defence  or  extenuation 

Apologue,  n.  Fable  {/ouiided  on  the  supposed 
action  of  brutes  or  of  inanimate  things),  parable, 
tale,  story.     See  Allegory. 

Apology,  n.    I.   Deience,  vindication,  justification. 

2.  Excuse,  plea,  explanation,  extenuation, 
acknowledgment,  reparation,  amende  honorable , 

3.  Makeshift,  mere  excuse,  poor  excuse,  tem- 
porary substitute. 

Apostasy,  «  Defection,  desertion,  traitorous  de- 
fection, perfidious  desertion,  backsliding,  dere- 
liction, fall. 

Apostate,  «.  Renegade,  backslider,  deserter,  turn- 
coat, pervert. 

Apostate,  a.  Treacherous,  perfidious,  traitorous, 
disloyal,  false,  faithless,  untrue,  recreant,  back- 
sliding 

ApOStaaze,  v.  n.  Become  an  apostate,  foreswear 
one's  faith  or  fealty,  be  a  traitor,  etc. 

Apostle,  «.  I.  One  of  The  Twelve,  one  deputed 
by  our  Lord. 

2.  Messenger,  missionary,  devoted  proclaimer, 
first  preacher,  founder  and  interpreter. 

Apostolic,  a.  Taught,  founded,  or  authorized  by 
the  Apostles,  derived  from  the  Apostles,  of  the 
Apostles. 

Apostolic  See.     Church  of  Rome. 

Apothecary,  «.  ^  Pharmacist,  pharmaceutist,  phar- 
macian,  druggist 

Apothegm,  n.  Maxim,  saying,  dictum,  saw,  prov- 
erb, aphorism,  byword,  sententious  precept.  See 
Adage 

Apotheosis,  «.     Deification. 

Appall,  V.  a.  Terrify,  frighten,  affright,  dismay, 
daunt,  horrify,  shock,  put  in  great  fear,  strike 
with  terror,  petrify  with  fear,  palsy  or  paralyze 
with  fear 

Apparatus,  «.  Tools,  instruments,  utensils, 
means,  mechanism,  appliances,  contrivances, 
■materiel. 

Apparel,  «.  Clothes,  clothing,  dress,  raiment, 
attire,  array,  costume,  toilet,  habit,  habiliments, 
garb,  guise,  gear,  garments,  garmenture,  vesture, 
vestments,  robes,  outfit,  accoutrement,  equip- 
ment, suit,  trappings,  wardrobe,  rig. 

Apparel,  v.  a.  Dress,  clothe,  attire,  habit,  vest, 
array,  robe,  accoutre,  equip,  fit  out,  rig,  rig  out, 
trick  out. 

Apparent,  a.  I.  Visible,  discernible,  perceptible, 
in  view,  in  sight,  to  be  seen. 

2.  Manifest,  obvious,  patent,  open,  clear,  evi- 
dent, indubitable,  plain,  conspicuous,  legible, 
unmistakable,  in  plain  sight. 

3.  Seemin?,  specious,  ostensible,  external, 
superficial,  not  real,  quasi. 

Apparently,  ad.  I.  Evidently,  obviously,  clearly, 
manifestly,  plainly,  indubitably,  unmistakably. 

2.  Seemingly,  ostensibly,  quasi,  on  appear- 
ance, at  the  first  blush,  in  semblance,  ia 
show. 


APPARITION 


24 


APPOINTMENT 


Apparitioily  n.  I.  Appearing,  appearance,  manU 
lestation,  coming  to  view,  epiphany. 

2.  Form,  being,  thing  appearing. 

3.  Ghost,  spectre,  phantom,  phantasm,  spirit, 
sprite,  hobgoblin,  shade,  chimera,  illusion,  vision, 
preternatural  appearance.     See  Wkaith. 

Appeal,  V.  n.     I.   {Law.)    Seek  reference  of  the 
case  or  cause  {from  one  court  to  another). 
2.   Sue  to  another  (m  any  controversy). 

Appeal*  V.  a.  I.  {Rare.)  Summon,  challenge, 
accuse,  indict. 

2.  {Law.)  Refer,  transfer  by  appeal  {from 
07te  court  to  another). 

Appeal,   n.     I.  Address,  invocation,  petition,  re- 
quest,  entreaty,   imploration,  application,  solici- 
tation, suit. 
2.    Resort,  recourse. 

Appeal  to.  Address,  invoke,  implore,  petition, 
entreat,  solicit,  sue  to,  refer  to,  call  upon,  make 
application  to. 

Appear,  v  n.  I.  Emerge,  be  in  sight,  come  in 
sight,  be  visible,  come  into  view,  open  to  the 
view,  present  itself,  crop  out,  show  itself,  turn  up, 
come  upon  the  stage,  see  the  light,  heave  in 
sight  {naut  ). 

2.  Open,  dawn,  break. 

3.  Arise,  occur,  offer. 

4.  Stand  in  judgment,  be  present  to  answer, 
come  into  court. 

5.  Be  manifest,  be  obvious,  be  open,  be  known. 

6.  Seem,  look,  show,  wear  the  appearance, 
present  the  appearance,  have  the  appearance, 
strike  one  as  being. 

Appearance,  «.  I.  Coming,  arrival,  advent, 
apparition. 

2.  Appearance,  what  is  seen,  form,  being, 
apparition. 

3.  Semblance,  seeming,  show,  face,  pretence, 
color,  pretext,  guise,  fashion,  feature. 

4.  Mien,  air,  aspect,  look,  complexion,  figure, 
manner,  demeanor,  personal  presence. 

Appeasable,  a.     Placable,  forgiving,  reconcilable. 

Appease,  v.  a.  I.  Pacify,  calm,  quiet,  soothe, 
tranquillize,  allay,  assuage,  mollify,  alleviate, 
mitigate,  abate,  ease,  compose,  still,  hush,  lull, 
dull,  quell,  blunt,  temper,  attemper,  lessen, 
qualify. 

2.  Propitiate,  reconcile,  satisfy,  placate,  make 
propitious,  make  favorable. 

Appellatioil,  n.  Appellative,  name,  title,  epithet, 
cognomen,  denomination,  style,  description, 
designation,  descriptive  term. 

Append,  v.  a.     I.    Hang,  attach,  fasten. 

2.  Add,  subjoin,  join,  annex,  affix,  superadd, 
tag,  tack. 

Appendage,  n.  Attachment,  addition,  adjunct,  ap- 
purtenance, appliance,  appendix,  appendant,  tail- 
piece, concomitant,  accompaniment,  attendant. 

Appendant,  a.  Annexed,  attached,  hanging,  con- 
comitant, attendant. 

Appendix,  n.    I.  Adjunct,  addition,  appurtenance, 
appendage,  appendant,  addendum. 
2.    Supplement,  excursus. 

Appertain  to.  I.  Belong  to,  pertain  to,  be  incident 
to,  be  proper  to,  be  part  or  characteristic  of,  in- 
here in,  adhere  to. 

2.  Regard,  concern,  touch,  relate  to,  refer  to, 
bear  upon. 

Appetence,  \n.     I.    Appetite,  strong  desire,  crav- 

Appetency,  \      ing,  longing,  passion. 

2.  Tendency,  inclination,  leaning,  bent,  dispo- 
sition, propensity,  proclivity,  fondness,  liking, 
penchant. 

Aj^petite,  «.     I.   Desire,  longing,  craving,  hanker- 
ing, pruriency,  appetency,  passion. 
2.    Liking,  relish,  stomach,  gusto,  gust,  zest. 
3*  Hunger,  stomach,  desire  of  fooi 


Appetizer,  n.    Zest,  relish,  sauce. 
Appetizing,  a.    'I'hat  whets  the  appetite,  stimulat- 
ing to  the  appetite,  inviting. 
Applaud,  v^  a.     I.   Cheer,  clap. 

2.   Praise,  commend,   laud,  approve,  compli« 

ment,  extol,  magnify,  cry  up. 
Applause,     «.     Acclamation,      acclaim,     plaudit, 

eclat,  clapping  of  hands,  shout  of  approbation, 

loud  praise,  burst  of  approbation. 
Apple  of  the  eye.  Pupil  of  the  eye. 
Apple  Peru.     Thorn-apple,  stramonium,  stramony, 

Jamestown  weed  {Datura  stramonium). 
Apple-pie  order.    {Colloq.)    Perfect  order,  fine  £>r 

perfect  trim. 
Appliance,    «.     I.    Application,    applying,    use, 

exercise,  practice. 

2.  Tool,  instrument,  appurtenance,  appendage, 
adjunct. 

3.  Expedient,  means,  instrumentality,  resource. 
Appliances,  «. //     I.   Means,  expedients,  instru- 
mentalities, resources,  steps,  measures,  ways  and 
means. 

2.  Appointments,  appurtenances,  attachments, 
adjuncts,  tools,  instruments,  appendages,  equip- 
ments. 

Applicable,  a.     I.   To  be  applied  or  fitted  or  put 
on,  adjustable. 

2.  Suitable,  fit,  fitting,  befitting,  appropriate, 
adapted,  apt,  proper,  pertinent,  relevant,  apposite, 
germane,  to  the  point,  to  the  purpose,  bearing  on. 

Applicant,  «.     Petitioner,  solicitor,  suitor,  candi- 
date. 

Application,  n      I.   Applying,  putting  on. 

2.  Thing  applied  (emollient,  irritant,  stimu- 
lant, or  rubefacient). 

3.  Appliance,  use,  exercise,  practice. 

4.  Solicitation,  petition,  appeal,  request, 
suit. 

5.  Assiduity,  industry,  perseverance,  persis- 
tency, intense  study,  close  attention. 

6.  Reference  to  practice,  use  in  detail,  putting 
into  practice,  turning  upon  particulars,  exemplifi- 
cation. 

Apply,  V.  a.     I.   Lay  upon,  put  or  place  upon. 

2.  Appropriate,  use,  employ,  exercise,  ply, 
convert  to  use,  put  to  use. 

3.  Execute,  carry  out,  put  in  practice. 

4.  Devote,  dedicate,  addict,  direct,  engage, 
turn  attentively,  bend  with  diligence. 

5.  Refer,  make  pertain,  give  direction  upon. 
Apply,  V.  n.     I.    Hold,  hold  good  or  true,  fit  or 

hit  the  case,  come  into  play,  be  in  point,  be  per- 
tinent. 

2.   Make  formal  request,  enroll  one's  self  as  a 
candidate,  make  suit,  become  a  candidate. 
Apply  to.     I.    Suit,  fit,  be  adapted  to,  be  suitable 
to,  be  applicable  to,  hold  true  of,  hold  of,  bear 
upon,  refer  to. 

2.    Solicit,    petition,   request,   appeal  to,   call 
upon,  make  application  to,  have  recourse  to 
Appoint,  V.  a.     I.   Fix,  determine,  prescribe,  set, 
establish. 

2.  Direct,  ordain,  enjoin,  require,  command, 
decree,  order,  bid,  impose,  insist  on. 

3.  Assign,  allot,  designate,  destine. 

4.  Nominate,  name,  constitute,  create. 

5.  Furnish,  equip,  supply. 
Appointment,   «.     I.    Appointing,  designation  to 

office 

2.  Station,  position,  office,  place. 

3.  Assignation,  agreement  {as  to  time  and 
place  of  meeting),  stipulation,  arrangement.  See 
Trvst. 

4.  Decree,  bidding,  command,  order,  ordain- 
ing, ordainment,  ordination,  ordinance,  direction, 
precept,  mandate,  edict,  enactment,  law,  require- 
ment- 


APPORTION 


25 


APT 


5.  Equipment,  equipage,  furniture,  outfit, 
accoutrement,  appliance. 

6.  Allowance,  salary,  pay,  stipend,  pension. 
[Proper  only  in  pl.'\ 

Apporuon,  v.  a.  Allot,  distribute,  assign,  divide, 
partition,  part,  measure  (fi2d),  share,  deal,  dole, 
dispense,  parcel  out,  deal  out,  portion  out. 

Apportionment,  «.  Distribution,  allotment,  as- 
signment, partition,  division. 

Apposite,  a.  Apt,  pertinent,  relevant,  fit,  fitting, 
befitting,  suitable,  appropriate,  seasonable,  ger- 
mane, apropos,  pat  \coUoq.),  to  the  purpose,  to 
the  point,  well  applied,  well  put. 

Appraisal,  «.     See  Appraisement. 

Appraise,  v.  a.  Value,  estimate,  pj-ize,  rate,  set  a 
value  on,  fix  a  price  for,  estimate  the  worth  of, 
form  an  estimate  of. 

Appraisement,  «.  Appraisal,  valuation,  estima- 
tion, estimate,  judgment. 

Appreciate,  v.  a.  I.  Estirnate  justly,  set  a  just 
value  on,  form  a  correct  estimate  of,  value  rightly, 
perceive  the  worth  of,  value,  esteem,  prize. 

2.  Estimate,  esteem,  value,  rate. 

3.  Raise  the  value  of,  make  of  greater  value. 
Appreciate,  v.  «.     Rise  in  value,  be  worth  more. 
Appreciation,   n.     I.  Valuation,  estimation,  ap- 
praisal, appraisement. 

2.  Just  estimate,  correct  valuation,  esteem, 
sense  of  one's  worth. 

3.  Rise  in  value,  rise,  increased  value  or  price. 
Apprehend,  v.   a.     I.  Seize,   arrest,  take,  catch, 

detain,  capture,  take  prisoner. 

2.  Conceive,  imagine,  look  at,  regard,  view. 

3.  See  {mentally),  perceive,  realize,  under- 
stand, take  in,  appreciate,  take  the  meaning  or 
point  of 

4.  Fear,  forebode,  have  a  presentiment  of 
Apprehend,  v.  n.     Think,  suppose,  imagine,  con- 
ceive, fancy,  hold,  ween,  presume,  be  of  opinion, 
take  it.     See  Opine. 

Apprehension,  «.     I.   Seizure,  arrest,  capture. 

2.  Understanding,  intellect,  intelligence,  mind, 
reason. 

3.  Notice,  simple  taking  in,  mere  reception, 
taking  the  point,  getting  the  meaning,  under- 
standing. 

4.  Conception,  the  mind's  eye.  See  Imagi- 
nation. 

5.  Knowledge,  intellection,  discernment,  per- 
ception, sense. 

6.  Opinion,  belief,  fancy,  supposition,  judg- 
ment, sentiment,  idea,  notion,  view. 

7.  Fear,  distrust,  suspicion,  anxiety,  solicitude, 
care,  concern,  misgiving,  uneasiness,  alarm. 

Apprehensive,   a      I.    Quick  to   understand,   of 

quick  perceptions. 
2.   Fearful,      afraid,     distrustful,     suspicious, 

anxious,  uneasy. 
Apprentice,  «.     Learner  {of  a  trade\  indentured, 

bound,  or  articled  assistant 
Apprentice,  v.  a.     Indenture,  bind,  article. 
Apprise,  v.  a.    Inform,  acquaint,  notify,  tell,  make 

acquainted,  make  aware,  give  notice,  disclose  to, 

make  known  to,  advise,  admonish,  warn. 
Approach,  v.  n.     I.   Come,  draw  near,  draw  nigh, 

come  near,  be  at  hand. 
2.  [With  to.\    Approximate,  come  nearly  up, 

be  nearly  equal. 
Approach,   v.   a.     I.    Bring  near,  carry  toward, 

advance,  push  forward. 

2.  Come  or  draw  near  or  nigh  (jto\  go  near. 

3.  Broach  {a  subject)  to,  address  confidentially, 
make  overtures  to. 

4.  Resemble  closely,  come  very  near  to,  be 
much  like,  almost  equal. 

Approach,  «.  I.  Advance,  advent,  coming,  draw- 
ing near. 


2.  Approximation,  nearing,  tendency,  conver- 
gence. 

3.  [In//.]  Wily  addresses,  insidious  overtures. 

4.  Entrance,  way,  adit,  path.     See  Access. 

5.  Access,  admittance,  admission. 
Approachable,  a.     Accessible. 
Approbate,  v.  a.     See  Pkaisb. 
Approbation,   n.     I.   Approval,  praise,  commen- 
dation, good  opinion,  favorable  opinion,  liking, 

2.    Support,     concurrence,     assent,     consent, 
sanction,  ratification,  indorsement. 
Appropriate,  v.  a.     l.   Adopt,  take  to  one's  self, 
take  as  one's  own,  apply  to  one's  own  uses. 

2.  Assign,  apportion,  allot,  set  apart,  devote. 

3.  Apply,  use,  employ,  convert. 
Appropriate,  a.     Adapted,   fit,   fitting,   befitting, 

apt,  pat  {colloqX  suitable,  proper,  becoming,  due, 
seemly,  agreeable,  conformable,  congruous,  ger- 
mane, convenient,  pertinent,  apposite,  felicitous, 
applicable,  apropos^  to  the  point,  to  the  purpose. 

Appropriateness,  «.  Suitableness,  fitness,  pro- 
priety, aptness,  appositeness,  pertinency,  rele- 
vancy, felicity,  applicability.     See  Pertinence. 

Appropriation,  n.  I.  Seizure,  capture,  taking, 
taking  to  one's  self 

2.  Application,  {to  a  particular  use),  assign- 
ment, devotion,  allotment. 

3.  Sum  set  apart  {/or  a  specific  object). 
Approval,  «.     See  Appkobation. 

Approve,  v.  a.  I,  Commend,  recommend,  praise, 
like,  appreciate,  value,  prize,  think  well  or  favor- 
ably of,  think  highly  of,  speak  well  of,  be  pleased 
with, 

2.  Sanction,  confirm,  justify,  ratify,  uphold, 
sustain,  make  valid,  assent  or  consent  to,  concur 
in,  indorse. 

Approximate,  a.  I,  Proximate,  approaching, 
coming  near.     [Followed  by  to^ 

2.  Nearly  correct,  nearly  accurate  or  true,  in- 
exact, almost  exact. 

Approximate,  v.  a.  (Rare.)  Bring  near,  cause 
to  approach. 

Approximate,  v.  n.  Approach,  come  near,  closely 
resemble,  nearly  rival. 

Approximately,  ad.  Near,  nearly,  about,  not  far 
from. 

Approximation,  n.  Approach,  gradual  conver- 
gence. 

Appulse,  «.  Collision,  meeting,  impact,  shock, 
jar,  impulse,  impulsion,  appulsion,  striking, 
striking  together,  coming  together. 

Appulsive,  a.  Impinging,  striking  against,  collid- 
ing with,  collisive 

Appurtenance,  «.  Adjunct,  dependency.  See 
Appendage. 

Appurtenant,  a.  Belonging,  pertaining,  apper- 
taining. 

A  prion.  [L.]  I.  Theoretically,  before  expe- 
rience, before  trial,  from  assumed  principles. 

2.  From  pure  reason,  from  the  nature  of  the 
case,  independently  of  all  experience,  necessarily, 
absolutely,  apodictically,  primordially,  aborigi- 
nally, constitutionally. 

Apropos,  a.  [Fr.]  Opportune,  seasonable,  timely, 
fit,  suitable,  apt,  pat  {collog.),  to  the  point,  to  the 
purpose,  just  the  thing,  quite  the  thing.  See 
Apposite 

Apropos,  ad.  I,  Opportunely,  seasonably,  to  the 
purpose,  etc.     See  preceding. 

2.  By  the  way,  by  the  bye,  speaking  of  that, 
that  reminds  me,  while  the  matter's  up,  in  that 
connection. 

Apt,  a.     I.   Apposite,  pertinent,  suitable,  fit,  fit- 
ting, meet,  befitting,  germane,  applicable,  appro- 
priate, felicitous,  apropos,  to  the  point,  to  the 
purpose. 
2.   Inclined,  liable,  prone,  disposed. 


APTITUDE 


26 


ARDOR 


3.  Quick,  sharp,  ready,  prompt,  expert,  dex- 
terous, able,  clever,  happy,  adroit,  handy,  skilful. 

Aptitude,  n.  I.  Turn,  disposition,  genius,  gift, 
knack,  endowment,  talent,  faculty,  capacity, 
capableness,  tendency,  inclination,  bent,  bias, 
proclivity,  proneness,  propensity,  forte,  aptness. 

2.  Readiness  {ai  learning),  quickness,  clever- 
ness, ability,  aptness. 

Aptness,  n.  I.  Fitness,  suitableness,  appropriate- 
ness, appositeness,  pertinence,  pertinency,  pomt, 
pointedness,  felicity,  felicitousness,  adaptation, 
applicability. 

2.  Turn,  tendency,  inclination.  See  Apti- 
tude, I. 

3.  Quickness,  readiness,  expertness,  skill, 
facility,  knack,  adroitness,  tact,  address,  ability, 
happy  faculty. 

Aqua-fortis,  «.  [L]  Nitric  acid  {somewhat 
diluted),  spirit  of  nitre. 

AQua-regia,  n.  [L]  Nitro-muriatic  acid,  nitro- 
chloro-hydric  acid. 

Aquarius,  71.  {Asiron.)  The  Water-bearer.  The 
Waterman. 

Aquatic,  a.  On  or  in  the  water,  water  {as  water 
vegetatioti). 

Aqueous,  a.  Watery,  waterish,  moist,  wet,  humid, 
damp. 

Aquiline,  a.  Hooked,  {like  an  eagle's  beak  ;  ap- 
plied especially  to  the  nose),  bent,  curved,  curving, 
hooked. 

Arab,  n.     I.  Arabian,  Saracen,  Moor. 
2.   Street  Arab,  gamin,  hoodlum. 

Arabesque,  a.     Moorish,  moresque. 

Arabian,  a.     Arabic,  Arab,  Saracenic,  Moorish. 

Arabian,  n.    Arab,  Saracen,  Moor. 

Arabic,  a.     Arabian,  Arab. 

Arable,  a.  Tillable,  cultivable,  cultivatible,  fit  for 
tillage,  that  may  be  ploughed,  fit  for  the  plough, 
suitable  for  cultivation. 

Aramaic,  a,  Aramean,  Aramaean,  Chaldaic, 
Chaldean. 

Aramaic,  n.  The  Aramaean  language,  Chaldee, 
Chaldaic. 

Arbiter,  «.    I.   Arbitrator,  umpire,  judge,  referee. 
2.   Determiner,  controller,  master,  lord,  ruler, 
governor,  sovereign. 

Arbitrament,  «.  I.  Determination,  decision, 
settlement,  judgment,  test,  trial,  umpirage. 

2.  (Law.)  Award,  adjudication,  determination, 
decision,  decree. 

Arbitrariness,  «.  I.  Despotism,  absoluteness, 
absolutism,  tyranny,  autocracy. 

2.  Capriciousness,  wilfulness,  absence  of  prin- 
ciple, unreasonableness. 

Arbitrary,  a  I.  Irresponsible,  despotic,  auto- 
cratic, unlimited,  unrestrained,  uncontrolled, 
absolute,  tyrannical,  tyrannous,  imperious,  dicta- 
torial, overbearing,  peremptory,  domineering, 
bound  by  no  law. 

2.  Capricious,  wilful,  whimsical,  fanciful, 
determined  by  no  rule  or  principle. 

Arbitrate,  v.  a.     Decide,  determine. 

Arbitrate,  v.  n.    I.  Mediate,  interpose,  intervene. 
2.  Judge,  decide,  determine,  adjudicate,  give 
judgment,  pass  judgment. 

Arbitration,  «.  I.  Mediation,  intervention,  in- 
tercession, interposition. 

2.  Adjudication,  arbitrament,  umpirage,  test, 
trial,  judgment,  decision,  determination. 

Arbitrator,  «.   I.   Arbiter,  umpire,  judge,  referee. 
2.   Arbiter,      determiner,      controller,      ruler, 
master,  sovereign,  lord,  director,  governor. 

Arbor,  n.    I.   Bower,  shady  recess,  shady  retreat 
2.    Spindle,  axis,  shaft. 

Arboreal,  a.     I.    Arboreous,  arborescent,  arbori- 

form,  dendriform,  tree-like,  in  the  form  of  a  tree. 

2.  Frequenting  woods,  living  among c?r  on  trees. 


Arborescence,  «.  Arborization,  branching,  rami- 
fication. 

Arborescent,  a.  Arboreal,  arboreous,  tree-like, 
dendriform,  dendrite,  dendritic,  arboriform, 
branching. 

Arboriculture,  «.  Tree-culture,  cultivation  of 
trees. 

Arboriform,  a.    See  Arborescent. 

Arbor- Vitae,  «.  White  cedar  {of  Canada  ;  Thuja 
occidentalis). 

Arcade,  «.     Colonnade 

Arcanum,  ».    [L. //  Arcana'\     Secret,  mystery. 

Arcb,  n      I.   Curved  structure. 

2.   Curve,  bend,  curving,  bending. 

Arch,  V.  a.     I.   Vault,  cover  with  an  arch,  arch 
over. 
2.   Bend  (into  the  form  of  an  arch),  curve. 

Arch,  a.  I.  Chief,  principal,  consummate,  first- 
rate,  of  the  first  class. 

2.  Roguish,  waggish,  mirthful,  frolicsome, 
sportive,  merry,  playful,  sly,  shrewd,  cunning, 
knowing. 

Archaeologian, «.    Archasologist. 

Archaeological,  a.     Antiquarian. 

Archaeologist,  «.  Antiquarian,  antiquary,  archas- 
ologian. 

Archaeology,  «.   Science  of  antiquities,  antiquities. 

Archaic,  a.  Old,  ancient,  obsolete,  antiquated, 
antique,  bygone,  out  of  use,  out  of  date,  out  of 
fashion,  old-fashioned. 

Archaism,  n.  Antiquated  term  or  expression, 
obsolete  idiom. 

Archbishop,  «.     Primate,  metropolitan. 

Archduchy,  «.     Archdukedom. 

Archdukedom,  n.     Archduchy. 

Arched,  a      I.     Vaulted,  bowed,  camerated,  con- 
cave, forniciform,  fornicated,  fornicate. 
2.   {Bot.)     Fornicate. 

Arched-ceiling,  I  rr  -,  yr  .. 
Arched-roof,  P'  ^^'^  ^^""• 
Arch-enemy,   n.    Arch-fiend,  chief  enemy,  most 

dreaded  foe. 
Archer,  «.     Bowman. 
Archetype,  «.     Pattern,  model,  type,   prototype, 

original,   exemplar,  example,  protoplast,  mirror, 

paragon. 
Arch-fiend,  «.    [With  The  prefixed.]    Satan.  See 

Apollyon. 
Arching,  a.     Vaulted,  curving,  bending. 
Architect,  «.     I.    Designer  (of  buildings). 

2.   Contriver,  maker,  former,  author. 
Architecture,  n.     I.   Science  or  art  of  building, 

decorative  building-art. 

2.  Style  of  building. 

3.  Workmanship,  framework,  frame,  structure, 
fabric. 

Archives,  «.  pi.  Records,  rolls,  documents,  regis- 
ters, muniments. 

Arch  over.    Arch,  cover  with  an  arch. 

Archway,  «.     Arched  passage. 

Arctic^  a.  Northern,  boreal,  septentrional,  sep- 
tentrion. 

Arcuate,  a.  {Rare.)  Curved,  bent,  bowed, 
hooked,  crooked,  aduncous. 

Arcuation,  «.     I.   (Rare.)    Curvature,    incurva- 
tion, curvity,  flexure,  bend,  crook. 
2.   Layering,  propagation  by  layers. 

Ardency,  «.     I.   Heat,  warmth,  glow. 

2.   Warmth,  ardentness.     See  Ardor,  a. 

Ardent,  a.     I.    Hot,  burning,  fiery. 

2.  Warm,  passionate,  fervent,  impassioned, 
eager,  intense,  keen,  sharp,  vehement,  fierce, 
fiery,  earnest,  fervid,  glowing,  zealous,  devoted, 
enthusiastic,  strenuous,  sanguine. 

3.  Alcoholic,  spirituous. 

Ardor,  n.     I.   Heat,  warmth,  glow,  ardency,  hot- 


ARDUOUS 


27 


ARMORIAL 


2.  Zeal,  fervor,  fervency,  flame,  glow,  excite- 
ment, sharpness,  earnestness,  eagerness,  hearti- 
ness, devotion,  enthusiasm,  soul,  spirit,  vehe- 
mence, impetuosity,  intensity,  heat,  hotuess, 
fierceness,  passion. 

Ardaous,  a.     I.   Steep,  high,  lofty,  uphill. 

2.  Hard,  difficult,  laborious,  onerous,  trouble- 
some, Herculean,  toilsome,  tiresome,  wearisome, 
fatiguing,  beset  with  difficulties,  full  of  difficulties. 

Area,  «.  I.  Region,  sphere,  realm,  territory, 
domain,  district,  circuit,  circle,  definite  space. 

2.  Yard,  kitchen-yard,  sunken  space  adjoining 
the  basement. 

3,  {Geotn.)     Superficial  contents,  superficies, 
surface- 
Arena,  «.     I.   Ring,  amphitheatre. 

2.  Scene  of  action,  theatre,  field,  stage,  place 
of  contest,  scene  of  conflict,  battle-field. 

Arenaceous,  a.     Sandy,  arenose,  arenarious. 

Arenose,  a.     Sandy,  arenaceous,  arenarious. 

Areometer,  «.     Hydrometer, 

JiXgtnt,a.     I.   Of  silver,  silver. 

2.  Silvery,  bright,  resplendent,  shining,  radi- 
ant, brilliant,  beaming,  elfulgent,  refulgent,  fair, 
white,  snowy. 

Argent,  «.  Whiteness,  fairness,  snowiness,  sil- 
veriness,  brilliancy,  resplendence,  radiance,  efiful- 
gence,  refulgence. 

Argil,  n.     I.   Potter's  clay,  white  clay 

2.  Alumina,  argillaceous  earth,  oxide  of  alu- 
minium. 

Argillaceous,  a.     Clayey,  aluminous. 

ArgOl,  ».  Tartar  {crude),  bitartrate  of  potash, 
wine-stone.     [Also  spelled  Argal  \ 

AxgOSy,  n.     Carack,  galleon. 

Argue,  V.  n.  I.  Reason,  plead,  offer  reasons,  use 
arguments. 

2.  Dispute,  debate,  chop  logic,  try  conclusions, 
bandy  words  or  arguments,  hold  or  carry  on  an 
argument. 

Argue,  V.  a.  I.  Show,  indicate,  evince,  denote, 
imply,  infer,  betoken,  prove. 

2.  Debate,  discuss,  sift,  contest,  controvert, 
moot,  reason  upon. 

Arguer,  «.  Reasoner,  debater,  controversialist, 
disputant,  disputer. 

Argument,  «.  I.  Reason,  ground,  proof,  evi- 
dence, reasoning,  chain  of  reasoning,  process  of 
reasoning. 

2.  Controversy,  dispute,  disputation,  discus- 
sion, debate. 

3.  Subject,  topic,  matter,  theme,  thesis,  ques- 
tion, subject-matter,  matter  in  hand 

4.  Summary,  abstract,  epitome,  outline,  gen- 
eral contents. 

Argumentation,  «.  Reasoning,  ratiocination, 
process  of  reasoning. 

Argumentative*  a.  I.  Containing  argument, 
concerned  with  argument,  for  advocacy,  apolo- 
getic. 

2.  Controversial,  polemical. 

3.  Disputatious,  given  to  controversy,  addicted 
to  argument. 

Argus-eyed,  a.  Vigilant,  watchful,  alert,  all- 
observant,  discerning,  perspicacious,  sharp- 
sighted,  quick-sighted,  lynx-eyed,  hawk-eyed. 

Arid,  a.  I.  Dry,  dried  up,  parched  with  heat, 
parched,  unfertile,  barren,  steri  e. 

2.  Dry,  uninteresting,  dull,  pointless,  jejune, 
unsuggestive,  barren,  infecund. 

Aridity,  n.     I.   Dryness,   aridness,  parchedness,  j 
siccity,  want  of  moisture,   sterility,   barrenness, 
unfertility.  I 

2.  Dryness,  want  of  interest,  dulness,  point-  i 
lessness,  jejuneness,  unsuggestiveness,  barren-  i 
ness,  infecundity,  sterility. 

3.  Dulness,  insensibility,  indifference,  torpidity.  I 


Aridness,  «.     See  Aridity. 

Arignt,  ad.     Rightly,  without  error  or  mistake. 

Ariose,   a.     Melodious,  of  a  melodious  character, 

characterized  by  melody  (as  distinguisfied  from 

harmony). 
Arise,  v.  «.     I.  Ascend,  mount,  soar,  tower,  go 

up. 

2.  Get  up,  get  out  of  bed,  leave  one's  couch, 
start  upj  stand  up,  rise,  rise  from  one's  seat. 

3.  Rise,  appear,  emerge,  come  in  sight,  come 
into  view,  present  itself,  show  itself,  discover 
itself,  make  its  appearance,  reveal  itseif,  come  to 
light. 

4.  Begin,  originate,  spring,  spring  up,  be  ex- 
cited, come  into  action,  come  into  existence  or 
being,  enter  upon  life. 

5.  Rise,  rebel,  revolt,  rise  in  sedition,  rise  m 
force,  violence,  or  with  threatening. 

6.  Rise  {from  the  dead),  rise  again,  leave  the 
tomb,  come  from  the  grave. 

7.  Accrue,  result,  proceed,  issue,  flow,  follow, 
come,  ensue,  originate,  be  derived. 

Aristate,  a.     (Bot.)     Awned,  bearded. 
Aristocracy,   n.     I.   Government   of  nobles  or  a 
privileged  order,  rule  of  the  higher  classes. 

2.  Nobility,  noblesse,  gentry,  peerage,  body  of 
nobles,  the  quality,  persons  of  rank,  nobility  and 
gentry. 

3.  (Colioq.)  Upper  classes,  upper  ten  thou- 
sand, upper  ten. 

Aristocrat,  «.     I.    Believer  in  government  by  the 

higher  classes,  advocate  of  rule  by  the  privileged, 

advocate  of  privilege 
2.   Haughty  or  overbearing  person,  person  of 

supercilious  feeling. 
Aristocratic,      )  a.    I.    Noble,  princely,  patrician, 
Aristocratical,  I      titled,  gentle,  of  gentle  blood, 

high-bom,  of  high  rank. 

2.  Of  or  by  the  privileged,  vesting  power  in 
the  nobility,  belonging  or  pertaining  to  the  aris- 
tocracy. 

3.  Haughty,  proud,  arrogant,  disdainful,  over- 
weening, supercilious,  overbearing,  consequential. 

Aristotelian,  a.     Peripatetic. 

Aristotelian,  «.  Follower  of  Aristotle,  peripatetic 
philosopher,  peripatetic. 

Arithmetic,  «.  Science  of  numbers,  art  of  com- 
putation. 

Arm,  ».     I.   Anterior  limb,  anterior  member. 

2.  Branch,  bough,  limb,  projection,  projecting 
part. 

3.  Inlet  (of  the  sea),  estuary,  firth,  frith,  fiord, 
cove,  creek. 

4.  Power,  might,  strength,  puissance. 

5.  {Mil.)  Branch  of  the  service  {as  artillery 
or  cavalry). 

6.  Weapon,  instrument  of  warfare- 
Arm,   V    a.     I.    Equip,   array,   furnish,   provide, 

or  supply  with  arms. 

2.  Fortify,  put  in  a  state  of  defence 

3.  Cover,  protect,  clothe,  guard,  strengthen 

4.  Prepare,  fit  up,  make  ready. 

Arm,  V.  n.     Take  arms,  be  fitted  or  provided  with 

arms,  make  warlike  preparations,  gather  an  army, 

collect  munitions  of  war. 
Armada,  «.    Fleet  {especially  that  of  Spain  against 

England  in  1588),  squadron,  flotilla. 
Armament,  «.     I.    Body  of  forces. 

2.   Guns,  cannon,  arms,  munitions  of  war. 
Arm-chair,  «.     Elbow-chair,  armed  chair. 
Armistice,   «.      Truce,   suspension   of  hostilities, 

cessation  of  arms,  temporary  peace. 
Arm  of  flesh.     Human  strength,  human  aid. 
Arm  of  the  sea.     Estuary,  frith,  inlet,  firth,  fiord. 
Armor,  n.     Defensive  clothing,  coat  of  mail.     See 

Arms. 
Armorial,  a.    Heraldic 


ARMORY 


28 


ARTICULATE 


Armory,  «.  Arsenal,  depository  of  arms,  maga- 
zine of  arms. 

Armpit,  n.     Axilla. 

Arms,  «.  //.  I.  Weapons,  means  of  offence  and 
defence,  armor,  harness,  accoutrements,  array, 
panoply,  mail,  martial  array. 

2.  War,  warlike  exploits,  warfare,  heroic 
achievements,  deeds  of  valor,  deeds  of  arms. 

3.  Escutcheon,  scutcheon,  shield,  ensign  ar- 
morial, armoria!  bearings,  device,  crest,  coat  of 
arms,  heraldic  emblem. 

Army»  «.     I.   Host,  force,  troops,  legions,  armed 
foice,  military  force,  body  of  troops. 
2.    Host,  multitude,  throng,  vast  assemblage. 

Arnica,  «.     Leopard's  bane,  mountain-tobacco. 

Aroma,  «.  I.  Fragrance,  perfume,  redolence, 
sweet  scent,  pleasing  scent,  grateful  odor,  bouquet, 
delicate  savor. 

2.  Subtle  essence,  supreme  quality,  ethereal 
spirit,  fine  flavor. 

Aromatic,  a.  Fragrant,  redolent,  balmy,  spicy, 
odoriferous,  aromatous,  ambrosial,  high-scented, 
strong-scented,  sweet-scented,  sweet-smelling. 

Aromatize,  v.  a.  Scent,  perlume,  spice,  fill  with 
fragrance. 

Aromatous,  a.     See  Aromatic. 

Around,  ad.  Round,  on  every  side,  on  all  sides, 
in  a  circle,  right  and  left. 

Around, /r^/.  About,  round,  encircling,  encom- 
passing, surrounding,  on  every  side  of. 

Arouse,  v.  a.  Incite,  excite,  animate,  stimulate, 
warm,  kindle,  inspirit,  provoke,  int^tigate,  awaken, 
rouse,  raise,  whet,  stir  up,  wake  up,  summon  up, 
set  on,  hurry  on. 

Arraign,  v.  a.  I.  Prosecute,  bring  to  trial,  bring 
before  a  court 

2.  Accuse,  charge,  denounce,  impeach,  indict, 
criminate,  tax,  censure,  call  to  account,  take  to 
task. 

Arraignment,  «.  I.  Prosecution,  bringing  to  trial. 
2.   Accusation,   indictment,  impeachment,  de- 
nunciation, calling  to  account,  taking  to  task. 

Arrange,  v.  a.  I.  Dispose,  array,  class,  classify, 
group,  rank,  marshal,  array,  distribute,  place, 
range,  put  or  bring  into  order,  set  in  order, 
reduce  to  order,  set  out,  assign  places  to. 

2.  Adjust,  settle,  determme,  fix  upon. 

3.  Plan,  devise,  contrive,  project,  mature, 
organize,  concoct,  construct,  prepare,  lay  out. 

Arrange,  v.  n.     Agree,  come  to  terms,  settle. 
Arrangement,   n.     I.   Disposition,    classification, 

method,     distribution,      grouping,      collocation, 

placing,  array,  reducing  to  order. 

2.  Structure,  make,  form,  mode  of  building, 
manner  of  making. 

3.  Adjustment,  settlement,  agreement. 

4.  Regulation,  management,  economy. 

5.  Preparation,  plan,  scheme. 

Arrant,  a.    I.    Notorious,  utter,  gross,  downright, 

consummate,  rank,  thorough-going. 
2.    Infamous,  vile,  atrocious,  monstrous. 
Arras,  n.     Tapestry,  hangings 
Array,   «.      I.   Order,   disposition,   arrangement, 

collocation,  marshalling. 

2.  Dress,  fine  clothes,  elegant  attire,  rich  gar- 
ments.    See  Apparel. 

3.  Exhibition,  show,  display. 

4.  Marshalled  force,  soldiery,  troops,  army, 
hosts,  battalions. 

5.  (Law.)     Panel,  body  of  jurors. 

Array,  v.  a.  I.  Rank,  range,  arrange,  place, 
dispose,  marshal,  set  in  order,  draw  up,  draw  out, 
set  in  line,  set  in  battle,  set  in  line  of  battle. 

2.  Dress,  habit,  attire,  equip,  accoutre,  betrap, 
enrobe,  robe,  vest,  invest,  wrap,  clothe,  bedeck, 
deck,  adorn,  embellish,  betrim,  decorate,  garnish, 
prank,  bedizen,  trick  out,  set  ofiE. 


Arrearage,  «.     See  Arrears. 

Arrears,    «.   pi.     Arrearage,    deficiency,    unpaid 

dues,  amounts  due,  but  unpaid. 
Arrest,   v.   a.     I.   Stop,   stay,    check,    interrupt, 

obstruct,   hinder,   delay,   detain,   restrain,   hold, 

withhold,  keep  back. 

2.  Seize,  apprehend,  take,  capture,  catch,  take 
up,  take  into  custody,  take  prisoner. 

3.  Catch,  secure,  fix,  engage,  engross,  occupy, 
rivet. 

Arrest,  «.  I.  Stay,  staying,  stopping,  stoppage, 
checkj  checking,  interruption,  delay,  detention, 
restraining,  restraint,  hindrance,  obstruction. 

2.  Seizure,  apprehension,  capture,  deten- 
tion. 

Arrival,  «.     I.   Advent,  coming,  reaching  one's 
destination. 
2.   Comer,  person  arrived,  thing  arrived. 

Arrive,  v.  «.    I.  Come,  get  here,  reach  this  place. 
2.   Get  there,  reach  that  place,   get   to   one's 
destination,  get  to  the  end  of  one's  juurney. 

Anive  at.    Reach,  attain,  come  to,  get  to,  touch  at. 

Arrogance,  «.  Haughtiness,  pride,  etlrontery, 
assumption,  superciliousness,  disdain,  contumely, 
lordliness,  loftiness,  self-assertion,  assurance, 
self-assurance,  self-confidence,  self-conceit,  con- 
ceitedness,  self-importance,  self-sufficiency,  self- 
assumption,  egotism,  hauteur. 

Arrogant,  A.  Haughty,  proud,  supercilious,  lordly, 
disdainful,  contumelious,  insolent,  cavalier,  over- 
bearing, overweenmg,  as.'^ummg,  magisterial, 
dogmatic,  imperious,  important,  swelling,  blus- 
tering, big,  high,  lofty,  self-conceited,  self-suffi- 
cient, self-assuming,  self-important,  self-asserting, 
self-confident,  egotistic,  self-assured,  uppish. 

Arrogate,  v.  a.  Assume,  usurp,  claim  unduly, 
make  unjust  pretensions  to. 

Arrow,  «.     Dart,  shaft,  bolt,  reed. 

Arrow-headed,  a.     Wedge-shaped,  cuneiform. 

Arrowy,  a.  I.  Slender,  delicate,  reed-like, 
gracile,  graceful. 

2.  Swift,  darting,  rushing,  lithe,  sinuous. 

3.  Piercing,  stinging,  sarcastic. 

Arsenal,  «.  Armory,  magazine  of  arms,  repository 
of  military  stores 

Arsenic,  «.     See  Arsenious  Oxide. 

Arsenious  oxide.  Arsenic,  rat's  bane,  white  arse- 
nic, white  oxide  of  arsenic,  arsenious  acid  (a 
common  but  incorrect  name). 

Art,  «.  I.  Trade,  craft,  business,  calling,  employ- 
ment, exercise  of  skill. 

2.  Practical  knowledge,  knowledge  how  to  do, 
rules  for  doing. 

3.  Creation  of  beauty,  embodied  beauty. 

4.  Skill,  address,  adroitness,  readiness,  dex- 
terity, tact,  sagacity,  aptitude,  aptness,  cleverness, 
ingenuity,  knack. 

5.  Cunning,  astuteness,  artfulness,  shrewdness, 
artifice,  deceit,  subtlety,  craftiness,  craft,  dupli- 
city, wiliness,  guile. 

Artful,  a.  Cunning,  crafty,  wily,  subtle,  insidioiis, 
designing,  intriguing,  politic,  diplomatic,  Machia- 
velian,  deceitful,  trickish,  tricky,  sly,  foxy,  snaky. 

Article,  n.  1.  Part,  portion,  branch,  division, 
member,  clause,  paragraph,  head,  heading,  item, 
particular,  count,  point.  • 

2.  Essay,  piece,  paper. 

3.  Thing,  substance,  commodity. 

4.  Instant,  critical  instant,  moment,  turning- 
point. 

5.  {Gram)  Particle  of  logical  quantity, 
quantifying  adjective,  quantifying  pronoun. 

Article,  v.  a.     Bind,  indenture,  apprentice. 
Articulate,  a.     I.   Jointed,    articulated,    formed 

with  joints. 

2.    Distinctly    uttered,   distinct,   clear,   clearly 

audible,  intelligible. 


ARTICULATE 


29 


ASININE 


Articulate,  v.  a.     I.  Join,  unite  by  joints,  unite, 

connect,  fasten  together. 
2.    Utter  distinctly  {as  respects  the  elementary 

sounds).)  speak,  enunciate.     See  Pronouncb. 
AtHcolated,  a.     See  Articulate. 
Articulation,  «      I.    Distinct  utterance. 

2.  {Gram )     Consonant. 

3.  Joint,  hinge,  juncture,  connection,  point  of 
Junction,  mode  of  union. 

Artifice,  «  I.  Contrivance,  invention,  effort,  art. 
2.  Cunning,  deceit,  deception,  imposture, 
fraud,  trickery,  device,  duplicity,  guile,  subtlety, 
finesse,  stratagem,  shift,  trick,  subterfuge,  wile, 
ruse,  doubling,  Machiavelism,  diplomacy,  machi- 
nation, cheat,  shuffle,  double-dealing,  dodge 
{colloq.),  hocus-pocus,  crafty  device,  artful  con- 
trivance. 

Artificer,  «.  I.  Maker,  contriver,  plotter, 
machmator. 

2.  Worker,  workman,  craftsman,  mechanic, 
artisan. 

3.  Artist  («(?^  of  the  highest  grade),  superior 
artisan,  skilful  mechanic,  skilled  workman. 

Artificial,  a.  I.  Factitious,  made  by  art,  not 
natural. 

2.  Fictitious,  feigned,  counterfeit,  counter- 
feited, sham,  spurious. 

3.  Assumed,  affected,  forced,  strained. 
Artificiality,  «     Artificialness.  See  Artificial. 
Artillery,    «.     I.   Ordnance,    cannon,    enginery, 

great  guns. 

2.  Gunnery,  theory  of  ordnance,  art  of  hand- 
ling artillery. 

Artisan,  n.  Mechanic,  craftsman,  handicraftsman, 
workman,  laborer,  operative. 

Artist,  «.  I.  Designer,  contriver,  projector,  adept, 
skilled  workman,  artificer. 

2.  Painter,  limner,  sketcher. 

3.  Sculptor,  carver,  modeller. 

4.  Master,  master-hand,  consummate  per- 
former. 

Artistic,      )  a.     I.     Skilful,   masterly,    workman- 

Artistical,  (     like. 

2.  Tasteful,  marked  by  knowledge  of  art,  dis- 
playing taste,  showing  skill  in  applying  the  prin- 
ciples of  beauty. 

Artless,  a.  I.  Ignorant,  unlearned,  untaught, 
unskilful,  rude.     [Usually  followed  by  o/.] 

2.  Inartificial,  simple,  natural,  plain,  una- 
dorned, without  marks  of  art. 

3.  Unaffected,  plain,  honest,  frank,  fair,  open, 
candid,  naive,  guileless,  simple,  sincere,  true, 
unsophisticated,  ingenuous,  undesigning,  truth- 
ful, trustful,  unsuspicious,  confiding,  single- 
minded,  simple-hearted,  simple-minded,  open- 
hearted,  straightforward. 

As,  ad.  and  conj.     I.   In  the  manner  that. 

2.  Like,  similar  to,  for  example,  of  the  same 
kind  with,  in  the  same  manner  with. 

3.  Viewed  like,  taken  in  the  character  of,  con- 
sidered in  the  state  of. 

4.  While,  during  the  time  that,  at  the  same 
time  that 

5.  Because,  since,  for  the  reason  that. 

6.  To  the  degree  that,  in  the  same  proportion 
that. 

7.  Being  of  the  kind  which,  being  of  the  class 
who. 

Ascend,  v.  n.     l.   Rise,  arise,  mount,  soar,  aspire, 

tower,  climb,  go  up. 
2.   Go  backward  {in  the  order  of  time). 
Ascend,  v.  a.     Scale,  go  up,  get  up.    See  Cumb, 

V.  a. 
Ascendancy,  )  n.     Power,  authority,  sway,   con- 
Ascendency,  )      trol,     superiority,      government, 

mastery,  masterdom,  command,  dominion,   rule, 

sovereignty,    supremacy,   domination,    predomi- 


nance,   controlling   influence,    advantage    over, 
upper-hand. 
Ascendant,  «.     I.    Horoscope. 

2.  Superiority,  supremacy,  predominance, 
ascendency,  superior  influence,  commanding 
influence,  controlling  influence. 

^eSdSH-   ^-   Rising,  above  the  horizon. 
2.   Superior,  predominant,  prevailing,   preva- 
lent, surpassing. 

Ascension,  «.  Rising,  rise,  ascent,  ascending, 
mounting,  moving  upward. 

Ascension  Day.     Holy  Thursday. 

Ascent,  «•  I.  Rising,  rise,  ascension,  ascending, 
mounting,  moving  upward. 

2.  Ascending,  climbing,  scaling,  voyage  up. 

3.  Acclivity,  rising  ground,  ascending  path, 
upward  slope. 

4.  Elevation,  height,  eminence. 
Ascertain,  v.  a      I.    Determine,   establish,  fix, 

settle,  define,  certify,  verify,  make  certain,  make 
sure. 
2.   Discover,  find  out,  get  at  {with  precision). 

Ascetic,  a.  Austere,  rigid,  severe,  stern,  puritan- 
ical, over-renunciatory,  over-self-denying,  self- 
mortifying,  over-abstinent. 

Ascetic,  «.  Recluse,  hermit,  anchoret,  anchorite, 
solitary,  solitaire^  eremite,  devotee,  mortifier  of 
the  flesh. 

Asceticism,  n.  Austerity,  mortification,  excessive 
abstinence,  over-renunciation,  renunciation. 

Ascititioos,  a.     See  Adscititious. 

Ascribable,  a.  Attributable,  traceable,  chargeable, 
imjjutable,  referrible,  owing. 

Ascribe,  v.  a.  Attribute,  assign,  refer,  charge, 
lay,  set  down.     See  Impute. 

Ascription,  «.  I.  Ascribing,  attributing,  refer- 
ring, charging,  laying,  setting  down,  imputing. 

2.  [//.]  Praises,  adorations,  magnifyings, 
extollings,  homage.  Magnificats,  Glorias,  Te 
Deums. 

As  far  as.    To  the  extent  that,  to  the  degree  that. 

As  good  as.     I.    Of  equal  goodness  with. 

2.  The  same  as,  equivalent  to,  equal  to,  tanta- 
mount to. 

Ashamed,  a.  Abashed,  confused,  (put)  out  of 
countenance. 

Ash-colored,  a.     Ashy,  pale,  gray,  ashen. 

Ashen,  a.     I.    Ash,  made  of  ash. 

2.  Ashy,  pale,  pallid,  blanched,  hueless,  color- 
less, gray,  ash-colored. 

Ashes,  n.  pi.     I.    Remains  {of  what  is  burned). 
2.   Corpse,  remains  {of  the  human  body),  dead 
body. 

Ashore,  ad.     I.   On  shore,  on  land. 

2.  To  the  shore. 

3.  Aground,  not  afloat. 

4.  {Colloq.)  Stranded,  aground,  in  difficulties, 
run  out,  come  to  grief,  hard  up. 

Ashy,  a.     I.   Cineraceous,  cineritious,  cinereous, 

favillous,  like  ashes- 
2.    Pale,   pallid,   whitish,    gray,    ash-colored, 

cineraceous,  cineritious,  cinereous.  See  Ashen,  2. 
Asiatic  cholera.     Spasmodic  <7r  malignant  cholera, 

cholera  asphyxia. 
Aside,  oul.     I.   Laterally,  to  the  side,  to  one  side, 

on  one  side. 

2.  Away,  off,  out  of  mind,  out  of  thought,  out 
of  the  heart,  out  of  the  character. 

3.  Out  of  the  straight  course,  out  of  the  true 
course. 

4.  Apart,  separately,  away,  aloof. 
As  if.    As  though. 

Asinine,  a.     Of  an  ass,  ass-like. 

2.  Doltish,  stupid,  blockish,  foolish,  senseless, 
dullard,  duncical,  duncish,  dunderheaded,  thick- 
headed, thick-skulled,  muddle-brained. 


AS  IT  WERE 


30 


ASSENT 


As  it  were.    So  to  speak,  as  it  would  seem,  as  it 

seems. 
Ask,  V.  a.     I.   Question,  interrogate,  inquire  of, 

put  the  question  to. 

2.  Inquire,  make  inquiry  about,  seek  informa- 
tion regarding. 

3.  Invite. 

4.  Request,  solicit,  petition,  seek,  beseech, 
implore,  supplicate,  crave,  beg,  desire,  entreat, 
pray  for,  prefer  a  petition  for,  make  application  for. 

5.  Require,  claim,  demand,  exact,  challenge, 
call  for. 

Askt  V.  n.     I.   Petition,  beg,  pray,  sue,  make  suit. 

2.   Inquire,  question,  make  inquiry. 
Ask,  n.     Water-newt,  asker. 

Askance,  I  ad.      Obliquely,     sideways,     sidewise, 
Askantf    j      askew,  awry,   aslant,  asquint,  on   one 

side,  out  of  the  corner  of  one's  eye. 
Asker,  n.     I.    Inquirer,  petitioner,  solicitor,  soli- 

citant,  suitor. 
2.   Water-newt,  ask. 
Askew,  ad.    Awry,  obliquely,  atwist,  askile,  aside, 

askance,  askant,  aslant,  asquint,  to  one  side. 
Aslant,    ad.     Obliquely,     askance,    aslope.     See 

Askew. 
Aslant,  a.     Oblique,  inclined,  slanting,  sloping. 
Asleep,  a.     I.    Sleeping,  fast  asleep,  slumbering, 

in  slumber,  in  repose,  in  a  sound  sleep,  in   the 

arms  of  Morpheus. 

2.   Dead,  in  the  last  sleep,  at  rest  with  God. 
Aslope,     ad.    and    a.     Sloping,     slopingly.     See 

Aslant. 
Aspect,  n.     I,    Air,  mien,  look,  bearing,  counte- 
nance, expression,  visage,  feature. 

2.  Appearance,  view,  light,  condition,  situation, 
position,  state,  attitude,  posture. 

3.  Direction,  bearing,  outlook,  prospect,  rela- 
tive position. 

Asperity,  n.  I.  Roughness,  ruggedness,  uneven- 
ness. 

2.  Acrimony,  tartness,  sourness,  sharpness, 
causticity,  corrosiveness 

3.  Harshness,  moroseness,  sternness,  severity, 
virulence,  crabbedness,  bitterness,  churlishness, 
acerbity,  snllenness,  ill-temper     See  Acrimony- 

Asperse,  v.  a.  Vilify,  slander,  calumniate,  traduce, 
defame,  disparage,  slur,  censure,  nnpugn,  malign, 
revile,  lampoon,  backbite,  attack,  abuse,  blacken, 
blemish,  besmirch,  bespatter,  befoul,  defile,  run 
down,  detract  from,  speak  ill  of,  accuse  falsely, 
reflect  upon,  cast  reflections  upon,  animadvert 
upon,  cast  reproach  upon,  vituperate,  cast  oblo- 
quy upon. 

Aspersion,  n.  Calumny,  detraction,  censure, 
slander,  defamation,  abuse,  vituperation,  obloquy, 
reproach,  reflection,  backbiting,  reviling,  traduc- 
ing.    See  preceding  verb. 

Asphalt,        )  n.    Native  bitumen,   mineral  pitch, 

Asphaltum,  J      Jew's  pitch. 

Asphalte,  n.  Artificial  bitumen,  having  asphalt, 
roofing  asphalt,  asphaltic  cement. 

Aspirant,  n.     I.   Aspirer,  ambitious  person. 

2.  Candidate,  seeker,  solicitor,  solicitant,  suitor, 
competitor. 

Aspirate,  a.     I.   Aspirated,  toneless,  unintonated, 
atonic,  surd,  pronounced  with  a  simple  breathing, 
not  vocal,  without  vocality,  without  tone. 
2.    Pronounced  with  tlie  rough  breathing. 

Aspirate,  «.     ( Gram.)    Rough"^breathing. 

Aspirate,  v.  a.  Pronounce  with  an  aspirate  or 
rough  breathing. 

Aspirated,  a.     See  Aspirate^  a. 

Aspiration,  «.  I.  Pronouncmg  or  pronunciation 
with  the  rough  breathing. 

2.  Longing,  yearning,  craving,  ardent  wish  or 
desire,  spiritual  elevation,  upward  looking,  yearn- 
ing after  excellence. 


Aspire,  v.  n.     I.    Desire  {earnestly),  long,  yearn. 
2.   Ascend,  rise,  soar,  tower,  mount. 

Aspirer,  «.     See  Aspirant. 

Aspire  to.  Aim  at,  indulge  an  ambition  for,  enter- 
tain hopes  of,  seek,  venture  to  make  suit  for, 
make  bold  to  seek. 

Aspiring,  a.  Ambitious,  high-reaching,  of  high 
or  lofty  purpose,  striving  after  excellence,  etc 
See  the  verb. 

Asquint,  ad.  Askance,  askant,  awry,  askew,  ob- 
liquely, to  one  side. 

Ass,  «.     I.   Jackass,  donkey. 

2.  Dolt,  fool,  blockhead,  simpleton,  num- 
skull, ninny.     See  Dunce. 

Assail,  V.  a.  I.  Assault,  attack,  invade,  oppugn, 
fall  upon,  set  upon,  fly  at,  bear  down  upon,  make 
aggression  on. 

2.  Attack,  impugn,  maltreat,  malign,  etc.  See 
Asperse. 

3.  Set  upon  {with  arguments  or  entreaties). 
See  Attack  and  Importune. 

Assailable,  a.  Open  to  attack,  censurable,  not 
impregnable,  sensitive. 

Assailant,  n.  Aggressor,  assaulter,  attacker,  in- 
vader, assailer. 

Assailant,  a.     Attacking,  invading,  assaulting. 

Assailer,  «.     Aggressor.     See  Assailant. 

Assassin,  n.  Murderer,  slayer,  cut-throat,  assas- 
sinator, bravo,  thug. 

Assassinate,  v.  a.  Kill  {by  secret  assault),  mur- 
der, slay,  despatch,  murderously  assail  or  assault. 

Assassination,  «.  Murder  {py  secret  assaulti, 
murderous  assault. 

Assassinator,  n.    See  Assassin. 

Assault,  n-     I.   Attack,  onset,  onslaught,  aggres- 
sion,   invasion,    charge,    thrust,    assailing    with 
blows,  threatening  with  blows. 
2.   Storming,  storm. 

Assault,  V.  a.  Assail,  attack,  invade,  charge, 
storm,  fall  upon,  fly  at,  bear  down  upon,  make 
aggression  on,  assail  with  blows,  threaten  with 
blows. 

Assay,  «.  Trial  {.to  determine  the  quality  of  met' 
als,  alloys,  or  ores),  test,  examination,  analysis. 

Assay,  v.  a.  Analyze  {metallic  substances)^  test, 
make  an  assay  of. 

Assemblage,  «.  I.  Collection,  group,  aggregate., 
body,  bunch,  cluster,  clump,  mass,  congeries, 
pack. 

2.  Assembly,  concourse,  company,  crowd, 
rout,  throng,  congregation,  gathering,  mustering, 
meeting. 

3.  Collecting,  gathering,  congregating,  assem- 
bling, meeting. 

4.  Combination,  union,  conjunction,  associa- 
tion. 

Assemble,  v.  a.  Collect,  muster,  convene,  con- 
voke, congregate,  gather,  levy,  call,  summon,  call 
together,  bring  together,  get  together. 

Assemble,  v.  n.  Convene,  congregate,  meet, 
gather,  meet  together,  gather  together,  come 
together. 

Assembly,  «.  I.  Company,  concourse,  rout, 
throng,  congregation,  gathering,  collection,  as- 
semblage, meeting. 

2.  Congress,  parliament,  legislature,  lower 
house,  legislative  body,  convention,  convocation, 
conclave,  synod,  diet,  meeting,  council,  conven- 
ticle, caucus. 

3.  Ball,  dance,  dancing-party. 

Assent,  v.  n.  Agree  {as  to  a  matter  of  opinion), 
concur,  acquiesce,  subscribe,  yield,  yield  assent, 
give  consent,  fall  in,  go  with  the  stream,  go  with 
the  current.     See  Consent. 

Assent, «.  Consent,  agreement,  concurrence,  ac- 
quiescence, allowance,  approval,  approbation, 
accord. 


ASSENT  TO 


81 


ASSURANCE 


Assent  to.  Consent  to,  agree  to,  give  assent  to, 
acquiesce  in,  concur  in,  approve,  accept. 

Assert,  v.  a.     I.   Affirm,  declare,  maintain,  pro- 
nounce,  express,  say,   aver,   allege,    asseverate, 
protest,  avouch,  avow,  predicate,  lay  down. 
2.   Vindicate,  defend,  claim,  maintain,  uphold, 

f)ut  forward,  insist  upon,  press,  emphasize,  make 
elt. 
AssertlOllt  «•      I.   Affirmation,    declaration,    as- 
severation,    protestation,     position,     statement, 
word,  averment,  allegation,  predication,  remark. 

2.   Vindication,  defence,  mamtenance,  support, 
pressing,  emphasizing,  insistence  on. 
Assertive,  a.     Positive,  decided,  confident,  uncon- 
ditional, peremptory. 
Assertory,  a.     Declarative   {either  affirmatively 
or  negatively) y  declaratory,  maintaining,  no  longer 
problematic. 
Assess,  V.  a     I.  Tax,  charge  with  one's  share, 
assign  one's  share  to,  impose  one's  share  on. 

2.  Value,  appraise,  compute,  estimate,  rate. 

3.  Fix,  assign,  determine,  inipose. 
Assessment,  n.     I.   Assessing,  valuation. 

2.  Tax,  impost,  charge,  rate. 

Assets,  n.  pi.  Property  {particularly  as  compared 
with  liabilities)^  effects,  possessions,  estate. 

Asseverate,  v-  a.  Aver,  affirm,  declare,  protest, 
maintain,  avow.     See  Assert. 

Asseveration,  n.     Declaration.     See  Assertion. 

Assiduity,  «.  Industry,  diligence,  assiduousness, 
sedulousness,  activity,  perseverance,  persistence, 
patience,  devotedness,  devotion,  care,  careful- 
ness, close  application. 

Assiduous,  a.  Industrious,  sedulous,  diligent, 
indefatigable,  notable,  active,  busy,  untiring,  un- 
wearied, unremitting,  unintermitting,  persever- 
ing, persistent,  constant,  patient,  devoted,  careful, 
attentive,  laborious,  studious,  zealous,  never- 
tiring,  tireless,  painstaking. 

Assiduousness,  «.     See  Assiduity. 

Assign,  V.  a.  I.  Apportion,  allot,  appoint,  ap- 
propriate, cast. 

2.  Fix,  specify,  determine,  designate. 

3.  Adduce,  allege,  advance,  offer,  show,  give, 
present,  bring  forward. 

4.  {Law.)    Transfer,  convey,  make  over. 
Assignation,  n.     I.   Designation.     See  Assign- 
ment. 2. 

2.  Appointment  (to  meet), 

3.  Guilty  appointment,  illicit  appointment,  ap- 
pointment for  criminal  converse,  clandestine 
appointment. 

Assign  dower.  {Law.)  Set  off  {by  metes  and 
bounds)  the  widow's  share. 

Assignment,  «.  I.  Appointment,  allotment,  ap- 
portionment. 

2.  Designation,  specification,  fixing,  determi- 
nation. 

3.  Offer,  offering,  showing,  giving,  presenta- 
tion, alleging,  adducing. 

4.  {Law  )    Transfer,  conveyance. 
Assimilate,    v.    a.      I.    Make    like,    bring    into 

resemblance. 

2.  Digest,  turn  to  one's  own  substance,  take 
Into  the  organism,  thoroughly  appropriate,  ab- 
sorb into  the  system,  incorporate,  make  part  and 
parcel  of  one's  being. 

Assimilation,  «.     See  preceding  verb. 

Assist,  V.  a.  I.  Help,  aid,  support,  befriend, 
patronize,  serve,  speed,  second,  lurther,  promote, 
abet,  back,  sustain,  subsidize,  co-operate  with, 
tak"  part  with,  give  support  to,  minister  to. 

2.  Succor,  relieve,  aid,  give  aims  to. 

3.  .Alternate  with,  relieve,  spell. 
Assistance,  «.     I.    Help,  aid,  succor,  furtherance, 

support,  patronage,  lift,  helping  hand,  good  offices. 
2.   Alms,  aid,  succor,  relief,  help,  lift. 


Assistant,  n.  I.  Coadjutor,  helper,  aider,  co- 
operator,  co-aid,  ally,  auxiliary,  abettor,  adjuvant, 
collaborator,  collaborateur. 

2.  Subordinate,  subaltern,  aid,  clerk,  under- 
worker,  agent,  underling. 

Assizes,  «.  //.  Sessions  {of  the  superior  courts  in 
the  counties  of  England). 

Associate,  v.  a.  Join,  conjoin,  unite,  connect, 
combine,  affiliate,  yoke,  couple,  link,  bring  into 
close  relation. 

Associate,  v.  «.  Fraternize,  sort,  consort,  keep 
company,  be  in  familiar  intercourse. 

Associate,  n.  I.  Companion,  mate,  fellow,  yoke- 
fellow, comrade,  peer,  compeer,  follower,  con- 
sort. 

2.  Partner,  copartner,  coadjutor,  confederate, 
ally.     See  Colleague. 

Association,  «.  I.  Union,  connection,  conjunc- 
tion, combination. 

2.  Society,  fraternity,  partnership,  copartner- 
ship, sodality,  company,  band,  corporation,  body, 
guild,  firm,  house,  confederacy,  confederation, 
lodge,  club,  coterie,  clique,  joint  concern. 

Assort,  V.  a.  Class,  classify,  rank,  group,  ar- 
range, distribute,  sort. 

Assort,  V.  n.  Agree,  consort,  suit,  be  adapted,  be 
suitable. 

Assorted,  a.  Of  various  sorts,  various,  varied, 
diverse,  divers,  miscellaneous. 

Assortment,  «.  I.  Assorting,  arranging,  allot- 
ment, distribution,  arrangement. 

2.  Class,  group,  set,  batch,  lot,  parcel,  stock, 
store,  collection,  pack,  package. 

3.  Variety  of  sorts,  many  kinds. 

Assuage,  v.  a.  Mitigate,  moderate,  appease, 
soothe,  soften,  mollify,  pacify,  compose,  tran- 
quillize, quiet,  still,  quell,  allay,  abate,  temper, 
attemper,  lessen,  qualify,  relieve,  ease,  dull, 
blunt,  lull.     See  Alleviate. 

Assuagement,  «.  Mitigation,  pacification,  easing, 
abatement.  See  preceding  verb,  and  Allevia- 
tion. 

Assuasive,  a.  Soothing,  assuaging,  emollient, 
lenitive,  lenient,  mitigating,  mitigative,  mild, 
moderating,  softening,  mollifying,  pacifying,  com- 
posing, tranquillizing,  quieting,  stilling,  quelling, 
allaying,  abating,  easeful,  tempering,  relieving, 
lulling. 

Assume,  v.  a.  I.  Take,  undertake,  take  on,  take 
upon  one's  self,  be  willing  to  bear,  become  re- 
sponsible for. 

2.  Affect,  feign,  counterfeit,  simulate,  pretend 
to,  put  on. 

3.  Arrogate,  usurp,  claim  unduly,  make  unjust 
pretensions  to. 

4.  Beg,  suppose,  presuppose,  imply,  consider 
as  true,  take  for  granted. 

Assumed  name.    Alas. 

Assuming,  a-  I.  Presuming,  presumptuous,  for- 
ward, audacious,  bold,  shameless,  frontless,  un- 
blushing, brazen,  brazen-faced. 

2.  Arrogant,  proud,  lofty,  haughty,  super- 
cilious, overbearing,  overweening,  conceited, 
consequential,  self-conceited,  self-sufficient.  See 
Arrogant. 

Assumption,  «.  I.  Assuming,  taking,  taking  on, 
taking  up,  accepting,  becoming  responsible  for. 

2.  Assuming^  arrogating,  usurpation. 

3.  Presumption,  supposition,  conjecture,  hy- 
pothesis, postulate,  theory. 

4.  Haughtiness,  loftiness,  superciliousness, 
lordliness,  stateiiness,  conceit,  pride,  conceited- 
ness,  self-conceit,  self-importance,  vain-glory, 
insolence,  hauteur.     See  Arrogance. 

Assurance,  ».  I.  Assuredness,  security,  certainty, 
conviction,  persuasion,  pledge  of  certainty,  ground 
of  confidence,  surety. 


ASSURE 


32 


ATOM 


2.  Promise,  engagement,  pledge,  word  of 
honor. 

3.  Protestation,  asseveration,  averment,  earn- 
est or  solemn  declaration. 

4.  Intrepidity,  courage,  confidence,  firmness, 
self-reliance. 

5.  Arrogance,  boldness,  effrontery,  brass,  im- 
pudence, impertinence,  presumption,  face, 
front. 

6.  {Law.)    Insurance. 

Assure,  v.  a.  I.  Make  certain  or  sure,  free  from 
doubt  or  uncertainty. 

2.  Embolden,  encourage,  enhearten,  hearten, 
make  confident, 

3.  Declare  to  {confidently  and  earnestly)^ 
vouch  to,  vow  to,  protest  to,  aver  to,  solemnly 
promise,  pledge,  guarantee,  warrant. 

4.  {Law.)  Insure,  agree  to  indemnify  for 
loss,  secure  against  loss. 

Asstiredy  a.  I.  Certain,  indubitable,  unquestion- 
able. 

2.  Confident,  sure,  secure,  unquestioning,  san- 
guine. 

3.  {Law.)     Insured. 

Assuredly,  ad.  Certainly,  indubitably,  undoubt- 
edly, unquestionably,  truly,  surely,  sure,  without 
doubt. 

Assuredness,  n.     See  Assurance,  i. 

Asteism,  «.  Genteel  irony,  polite  banter  or  rail- 
lery, delicate  ridicule. 

Asterisk,  «.     Star  {in  prhtting). 

Astern,  ad.     {Naut.)     I.    behind,  back. 
2.    Backward,  rearward,  abaft,  aft. 

Asteroid,  «.     Small  planet,  planeioid. 

Asthenia,  I  «.    Debility,  debilitation,  prostration, 

Astheny,  ]  exhaustion,  feebleness,  weakness, 
loss  of  power,  loss  of  strength,  atonicity. 

Asthenic,  a.  Weak,  leeble,  debilitated,  pros- 
trated, exhausted. 

Asthmatic,  a.  Wheezing,  wheezy,  short-breathed, 
short-winded. 

As  though.    As  if. 

Astir,  a.  and  ad.  On  the  move,  in  motion,  stir- 
ring, active,  alert,  roused,  excited. 

Astonish,  v.  a.  Amaze,  surprise,  startle,  as- 
tound, confound,  stagger,  stupefy,  daze,  stun, 
dumfounder,  overwhelm,  astony,  strike  dumb, 
strike  with  wonder,  petrify  with  wonder. 

Astonishment,  «.     Amazement,  wonder,  surprise. 

Astound,  V  a.     See  Astonish. 

Astraddle,  ad.     Straddle,  astride,  straddling. 

Astral,  a.     Starry,  stellar,  sidereal,  star-like. 

Astray,  ad-  Out  of  the  right  way,  wandering.  In 
error,  lost,  at  fault,  on  the  wrong  scent. 

Astride,  ad.     See  Astraddle. 

Astringent,  a.     Binding,  contracting,  styptic. 

Astute,  a.  Shrewd,  penetrating,  eagle-eyed,  keen, 
cunning,  deep,  sagacious,  acute,  sharp,  quick, 
discerning,  ingenious,  perspicacious,  intelligent, 
long-headed,  keen-sighted,  clear-sighted,  quick- 
sighted. 

Astuteness,  «.  Shrewdness,  penetration,  sagacity, 
perspicacity,  discernment,  acuteness,  sharpness, 
subtlety,  ingenuity,  mother-wit,  quick  parts,  long- 
headedness,  keen-sightedness,  quick-sightedness, 
power  to  fathom  wiles. 

Asunder,  ad.  and  a.  Apart,  into  two  parts,  in 
two,  divided,  separated,  divergent,  discordant. 

Asylum,  n.  I.  Sanctuary,  shelter,  retreat,  refuge, 
place  of  refuge. 

2.  Charitable  institution,  retreat  {/or  the 
afflicted). 

At  a  Wow.  Suddenly,  all  at  once,  by  a  single 
stroke,  by  one  effort. 

At  all.  In  any  manner,  in  any  degree,  in  the 
least  degree,  in  the  least,  in  any  case,  ever,  under 
any  circumstances. 


At  all  events.  At  any  rate,  in  any  case,  in  the 
worst  case,  at  least,  in  any  event,  whatever  be 
the  case,  happen  what  may,  come  what  may,  let 
it  be  as  it  will. 

At  a  loss.  Puzzled,  perplexed,  embarrassed,  stag- 
gered, posed,  nonplussed,  aground,  ashore, 
stranded,  cornered,  out,  at  one's  wits'  end,  hard 
pressed,  hard  up,  at  a  stand,  in  doubt,  in  diffi- 
culty, put  to  it,  put  to  one's  trumps,  put  to  one's 
shifts,  out  of  one's  depth,  beyond  one's  depth,  in 
a  quandary,  at  fault,  in  a  dilemma,  not  know- 
ing what  to  do. 

At  any  rate.    See  At  all  Events. 

At  a  pinch.  In  an  emergency,  in  a  difficulty,  if 
things  come  to  the  worst. 

At  a  stand.     I.    Interrupted,  stopped 

2.      Perplexed,     embarrassed.      See     At    a 
Loss. 

At  dawn.  Early,  at  break  of  day,  at  peep  of  day, 
at  the  opening  of  day. 

At  discretion.  Without  conditions  or  stipula- 
tions, unconditionally. 

At  ease.  Untroubled,  comfortable,  free  from  pain, 
at  rest. 

At  fault.     I.   Off  the  scent,  on  the  wrong  track, 
wide  of  the  mark,  all  astray* 
2.   Puzzled,  perplexed.    See  At  a  Loss. 

At  first.  In  the  beginning,  at  the  commencement, 
at  the  outset,  at  the  start. 

At  hand.  Near,  nigh,  drawing  rear,  approaching, 
almost  come,  close  by,  hard  by,  close  at  hand, 
within  reach. 

At  hazard.     I.   As  may  chance,  hap-hazard,  at 
random. 
2.   Hazarded.     See  At  Stake. 

At  heart*  I.  In  principle,  in  one's  true  char- 
acter, in  reality,  really,  at  the  core,  inwardly,  at 
bottom. 

2.   In  esteem,  in  true  regard,  held  dear,  for 
matter  of  concern. 

Atheiltickl, !  '*'    G°^^«^«'  g'^«"  t°  ^^heism. 

Athirst,  a.     I.   Thirsty,  dry. 

2,    Eager,  keenly  desiring,  whh  fierce  desire. 

Athlete,  n.  Combatant,  champion,  contender  for 
victory,  trained  contestant,  gymnast,  muscular 
expert. 

Athletic,  a.  I.  Strong,  stout,  robust,  sturdy, 
brawny,  muscular,  lusty,  sinewy,  stalwart,  pow- 
erful, strapping,  Herculean,  able  bodied,  made  of 
iron. 

2.  Gymnastic. 

Athletics,  n.  pi.  Gymnastics,  out-door  exercises, 
open-air  sports,  games  of  strength,  muscular 
contests. 

Athwart,  i>rep.  Across,  over,  from  one  side  to 
the  other  of. 

Athwart,  ad.  I,  Across,  crosswise,  sidewlse, 
obliquely,  awry,  askant,  askew. 

2.    Wrong,   wrongfully,  unseasonably,  unsuit- 
ably, malapropos. 

At  last.     I.    Finally,  in  the  end,  in  the  upshot. 
2.   At  length,  after  a  long  time,  after  so  long  a 
time. 

At  length.  I.  After  a  long  time,  after  a  long 
while,  at  last,  in  the  end. 

2.  In  full,  to  the  full  extent,  in  extenso,  with 
full  detail,  with  fulness. 

3.  Along,  in  one's  whole  stature,  in  entire  di- 
mensions.    [With  stretch  or  lie,  and  the  like.] 

Atmosphere,  n.    Air. 

At  odds.  Quarrelling,  bickering,  at  variance,  dis- 
puting, in  dispute,  at  loggerheads. 

Atom,  n.  I.  Molecule,  monad,  ultimate  particle 
{of  any  element),  indivisible  particle. 


ATOMIC 


33 


ATTEND  ON 


2.  Corpuscle,  scrap,  mite,  bit,  grain,  jot,  iota, 
tittle,  whit,  ace,  scintilla. 

Atnmicfll   1 '*'     ^*   O^  *to"^s,  referring  to  atoms. 

2.   Small,  minute,  infinitesimal,  inappreciable. 
At  once.      I.     Immediately,    directly,    forthwith, 
straightway,  without  delay. 
2.   At  the  same  time,  together,  in  one  body. 
Atone  for.     Expiate,   make    expiation   for,   make 
amends  for,  make  reparation  for,  make  satisfac- 
tion for,  do  penance  for,  answer  for,  pay  for. 
Atonement*  «.     I.  (Rare)      Reconciliation,   pa- 
cification, concord,  agreement. 

2.   Expiation,  propitiation,   satisfaction,   repa- 
ration, amends,  peace-offering,  atoning  sacrifice. 
Atonic,  a.     I.  Marked  by  atony,  asthenic,  showing 
languor  or  exhaustion. 

2.  Unaccented,  without  any  accentual  mark. 

3.  Aspirate,  aspirated,  merely  breathed,  surd, 
non-sonant. 

Atonic,  «.    See  preceding  adjective. 

Atony,  n.  {Med.)  Weakness,  debility,  languor, 
exhaustion,  prostration,  asthenia,  aslheny,  ato- 
nicity. 

Atrabiliar,    \a.     Melancholy.     See  Atrabil- 

Atrabiliary, )     lous. 

Atrabilious,  a.  Melancholy,  hypochondriacal, 
hypped,  hyppish,  dejected,  dispirited,  depressed, 
gloomy,  sad,  sorrowiul,  blue,  desponding,  down- 
cast, down-hearted,  chop-fallen,  low-spirited, 
cast  down,  in  the  blues,  in  the  dumps,  with  a 
long  face. 

At  random.  By  chance,  without  choice,  without 
selection,  just  as  it  happens,  hap-hazard,  as  may 
chance,  at  hazard. 

At  rest.  I.  Resting,  reposing,  quiescent,  in 
repose. 

2.  Untroubled,  comfortable,  at  ease,  free  from 
pain, 

3.  Dead,  asleep,  in  the  last  sleep,  in  the  bosom 
of  God. 

Atrocious^  a.  Infamous,  villanous,  flagitious, 
heinous,  felonious,  flagrant,  outrageous,  enor- 
mous, grievous,  nefarious,  diabolical,  monstrous, 
infernal,  hellish,  horrible,  black,  very  wicked, 
excessively  cruel. 

Atrocity,  «.  I.  Heinousness,  atrociousness,  hor- 
rible cruelty,  enormity,  flagrancy,  villany,  fla- 
gitiousness,  depravity,  wickedness,  savagery, 
ferocity. 

2.  Atrocious  crime,  flagitious  villany,   horror, 
enormity,  act  of  ferocity. 

Atroptiy,  n.  Emaciation  {from  want  of  nourish- 
ment), consumption,  marasmus,  decline,  gradual 
wasting. 

At  Stake.  I.  Hazarded,  risked,  pledged,  in 
danger,  at  hazard. 

2.  At  risk,  in  jeopardy,  at  the  caprice  of  for- 
tune. 

Attach,  V.  a.  I.  Fasten,  tie,  join,  connect,  ce- 
ment, affix,  fix,  append,  subjoin,  tack,  annex, 
hitch,  make  fast,  set  to. 

2.  Attract,  captivate,  enamour,  endear,  charm, 
win,  engage,  gain  over. 

3.  {Law.)    Take,  seize,  distrain,  distress. 
Attachment,  «.     I.    Love,   liking,   regard,   affec- 
tion, friendship,  fondness,  predilection,  devoted- 
ness,  devotion,  adhesion,  adherence. 

2.  Fastening,   appending,   etc      See    the  pre- 
ceding verb,  I. 

3.  Adjunct,   appurtenance,     addition,    adden- 
dum.    See  Appendage. 

4.  {Law.)     Seizure,  distress. 

Attack,  V.  a.  I.  Assail,  assault,  storm,  encoun- 
ter, invade,  charge,  engage,  oppugn,  have  at, 


3 


set  upon,  fly  at,  run  at,  make  a  run  at,  rush  apon, 
spring  upon,  have  a  fling  at,  have  a  cut  at,  bear 
down  upuu,  make  aggression  on,  ride  full  tilt 
against. 

2.  Impugn,  censure,  criticise,  reflect  upon, 
pass  censure  on.     See  under  Assail. 

Attack,  n.  Assault,  ottence,  onset,  onslaught, 
charge,  thrust,  encounter,  invasion,  aggression, 
descent.     See  Assault. 

Attacker,  n.  Assailer,  assailant,  assaulter,  in- 
vader, aggressor. 

Attain,  v.  a.     I.    Procure  {by  effort),  acquire,  get, 
obtain,  gain,  win,  secure,  achieve,  compass,  ac- 
complish, effect. 
2.   Reach,  arrive  at,  come  to,  attain  to. 

Attainable,  a.  Compassable,  achievable,  practi- 
cable, feasible,  possible. 

Attainder,  n.     Corruption  of  blood. 

Attainment,  «•  I.  Attaining,  getting,  acquisi- 
tion, achieving,  winning,  gaining,  accomplisliing, 
securing. 

2.  Acquirement,  accomplishment,  erudition, 
learning,  information,  enlightenment,  wisdom, 
stock  of  knowledge,  mental  resources. 

Attaint,  v.  a.  I.  Taint,  corrupt,  stain,  disgrace, 
pollute,  cloud  with  infamy. 

2.  {Law.)  Punish  by  corruption  of 
blood. 

Attain  to.  Reach,  attain,  arrive  at,  come  to,  gain, 
win  to,  win. 

Attar  01  roses.  Oil  of  roses,  ottar  of  roses,  otto 
of  roses. 

Attemper,   v.   a.     I.   Temper,    moderate,    allay, 
alleviate,    soften,    mollity,    soothe,  qualify,    ap- 
pease.    See  Assuage. 
2.  Adapt,  suit,  fit,  proportion. 

Attempt,  V.  a.  I.  Try,  essay,  make  trial  or  ex- 
periment of. 

2.  Undertake,  go  about,  set  about,  take  in 
hand,  endeavor  to  accomplish. 

3.  Assail,  attack,  assault,  etc.,  which  see. 
Attempt,  V.  n.     Try,  strive,  endeavor,  seek,  aim, 

make  an  attempt,  make  essay,  do  one's  best,  do 
all  that  in  one  lies,  strain  every  nerve,  leave  no 
stone  unturned. 

Attempt,  n.     I.   Effort,  trial,  essay,  endeavor,  ex- 
periment, undertaking,  enterprise. 
2.   Attack,  assault,  onset. 

Attend,  v,  a.  I.  Accompany,  escort,  follow,  go 
with,  go  along  with,  keep  company  with. 

2.  Guard,  watch,  protect,  have  in  keeping. 

3.  Serve,  minister  to,  wait  on,  dance  attend- 
ance on,  lackey. 

4.  Be  present  at,  frequent. 

5.  Await,  be  in  store  for,  be  ready  for. 
Attend,  V.  n.     I.    Listen,  hearken,  hear,  give  ear, 

give  heed,  pay  attention. 
2.   Tend,  serve,  wait,  be  attendant. 
Attendance,  n.  I.  Presence,  being  there,  going  to. 

2.  Number  present,  attendants,  persons  at- 
tending, persons  present. 

3.  Persons  attending  or  ministering,  train, 
retinue. 

4.  Service,  ministration,  waiting  on. 
Attendant,  a.      Accompanying,    attending,    con- 
comitant, following,  consequent. 

Attendant,  n.  I.  Follower,  satellite,  companion, 
fellow,  associate,  escort,  attender. 

2.  Attender,  frequenter,  person  present. 

3.  Servant,  vassal,  servitor,  dependant,  re- 
tainer, squire,  domestic,  footman,  lackey,  valet, 
waiter,  flunky,  underling,  menial,  understrapper, 
tender. 

4.  Accompaniment,  concomitant,  attendant 
circumstance,  consequence. 

Attend  on.  Accompany,  serve,  wait  on,  be  ia 
waiting  upon,  be  within  call  of. 


ATTEND  TO 


84 


AUGUR 


Attend  to.  I.  Mind,  heed,  notice,  regard,  ob- 
serve, mark,  be  attentive  to,  pay  regard  to,  give 
heed  to,  take  heed  of,  take  notice  of,  give  or  pay 
attention  to,  give  a  thought  to,  be  mindful  of. 

2.  Look  after,  look  to,  see  to,  oversee,  over- 
look, superintend,  supervise,  take  care  of,  pro- 
vide for. 

3.  Practise,  pursue,  follow. 

Attention,  «.  I.  Care,  heed,  regard,  heedfulness, 
mindfulness,  notice,  observation,  consideration, 
advertence,  circumspection,  watch,  watchfulness, 
alertness. 

2.  Application,  reflection,  study. 

3.  Civility,  courtesy,  politeness,  deference, 
respect,  regard. 

4.  [Esp.  in  //.]  Court,  courtship,  suit,  de- 
voirs, devotion,  addresses,  wooing. 

Attentive,  a.  I.  Mindful,  heedful,  observant, 
careful,  thoughtful,  regardful,  awake,  alive,  alert, 
wide  awake,  on  the  alert,  on  the  lookout,  wary, 
circumspect,  watchful. 

2.  Sedulous,  assiduous,  diligent,  careful,  re- 
spectful, deferential. 

Attentive  to.  I.  Mindful  of,  occupied  with,  taken 
up  with,  absorbed  in. 

2.  Persistent  in  attentions,  lover-like,  de- 
voted. 

Attenuate,  v.  a.  Thin,  rarefy,  make  thin,  make 
rare,  make  slender,  slim,  or  spare,  render  thread- 
like, draw  out,  lessen,  diminish,  reduce. 

Attenuation,  n.  I.  Thinning,  diminishing,  rare- 
fying, making  thin,  thread-like,  or  slender. 

2.  Thinness,  thread  likeness,  slenderness,  ema- 
ciation, slender  elongation,  extreme  slenderness. 

Attest,  V.  a.  I.  Witness,  certify,  indorse,  con- 
firm, ratify,  corroborate,  support,  authenticate, 
seal,  vouch  for,  bear  out,  set  one's  hand  and  seal 
to,  bear  witness  to. 

2.  Adjure,  invoke,  call  to  witness. 

3.  Prove,  show,  exhibit,  manifest,  display, 
confess,  give  evidence  or  signs  of. 

Attestation,  n.  Attesting,  authentication,  confir- 
mation, testimony,  witness,  proof,  evidence, 
voucher,  seal. 

Attic,  a.     I.   Of  Attica,  of  Athens,  Athenian. 

2.  Chaste,  classic,  classical,  pure,  correct,  re- 
fined, elegant,  polished,  in  good  taste. 

3.  Pointed,  delicate,  subtle,  penetrating,  pun- 
gent. 

Attic,  «.     Garret,  loft,  cockloft,  upper  story. 

Atticism,  «.  Attic  idiom  or  phrase,  elegant  or 
concise  expression,  happy  phrase. 

Attic  salt.    Delicate  wit. 

Attire,  v.  a.  Dress,  clothe,  array,  apparel,  rig, 
robe,  enrobe,  accoutre,  equip,  fit  out,  trick  out. 
See  Apparel,  v. 

Attire,  n.  Dress,  clothes,  clothing,  apparel,  rai- 
ment, habit,  garb,  gear,  costume,  habiliment, 
vesture,  vestrnent,  outfit,  suit,  accoutrement, 
equipment,  toilet,  rigging,  trappings,  wardrobe. 
See  Apparel,  n- 

Attitude,  n.  I.  Posture  (w/VA  reference  to  the 
expression  of  some  sentiment)^  position,  pose. 

2.  Situation,  aspect,  phase,  standing,  state, 
condition,  posture,  position,  predicament,  con- 
juncture, juncture. 

3.  Relation,  bearing,  condition  of  mind,  state 
of  feeling, 

Attitudinize,  v.  n.  Pose  affectedly,  strike  atti- 
tudes. 

Attorney,  n.  I.  Agent,  factor,  proxy,  deputy, 
substitute. 

2.  [£/.  6".]  Attomey-at-law,  lawyer,  coun- 
sellor, counsel,  solicitor,  advocate,  member  of 
the  bar,  limb  of  the  law. 

Attract,  V.  a.  I.  Draw,  bring  into  proximity, 
cause  to  approach. 


2.  Allure,   invite,  entice,  engage,  win,  capti- 
vate, fascinate,  endear,  charm,  enamour. 
Attraction,  «.     I.    Attracting,  drawing. 

2.  Allurement,  lure,  fascination,  charm,  en- 
ticement, witchery,  attractiveness. 

3.  [In  //.]  Attractive  qualities,  charms, 
graces. 

Attractive,  a.  I.  Alluring,  inviting,  enticing, 
fascinating,  captivating,  charming,  winning,  win- 
some, bewitching,  enchanting,  engaging,  inter- 
esting, prepossessing,  taking,  pleasing,  pleasant, 
lovely,  sweet. 
2.   Magnetic,  magnetical. 

Attributable,  a.  I,  Ascribable,  imputable,  re- 
ferrible,  chargeable,  traceable,  owing,  due,  to  be 
charged,  to  be  attributed,  to  be  imputed. 

2.  Predicable,  ascribable,  belonging,  adhering, 
inhering  or  inherent  (in),  true  (of). 

Attribute,  v.  a.  Ascribe,  assign,  refer,  impute, 
consider  as  due. 

Attribute,  n.  I.  Quality,  property,  characteris- 
tic, peculiarity,  mark,  note,  predicate. 

2.  {Fine  Arts.)  Symbol,  characteristic  sym- 
bol, concomitant  sign,  attendant  designating 
figure  or  object. 

Attrition,  n.  Abrasion,  friction,  rubbing,  wearing 
away,  rubbing  away. 

Attune,  V.  a.  I.  (Rare.)  Set  to  a  tune,  make 
musical. 

2.  Tune,  accord,  harmonize,  modulate,  put  in 
tune. 

3.  Bring  into  accord  or  agreement,  harmonize, 
adjust,  adapt,  attemper,  accommodate. 

At  variance.  Quarrelling,  bickering.  See  At 
Odd.s. 

Auburn,  a.  Nut-brown,  chestnut-colored,  red- 
dish-brown. 

Auction,  n.  Vendue,  cant,  public  sale,  auction 
sale. 

Auctioneer,  «.     Vendue-master. 

Audacious,  a.  I.  {Now  rare-)  Bold,  daring, 
fearless,  courageous,  intrepid,  venturesome, 
dauntless,  undaunted,  valiant,  stout-hearted. 

2.  Presumptuous,  assuming,  forward,  impu- 
dent, insolent,  shameless,  unabashed,  brazen, 
impertinent,  full  of  effrontery. 

Audaciousness,  «.     See  Audacity. 

Audacity,  «.     I.   Boldness,   daring,   fearlessness, 

courage,  intrepidity,  venturesomeness,  hardihood. 

2.   Impudence,    insolence,     effrontery,     pre- 

sumptuousness,    presumption,    assurance,    face, 

front,  brass,  impertinence,  sauciness. 

Audience,  n.     I.    Hearing,  formal  reception.. 

2.  Auditory,  assembly  of  hearers,  congrega- 
tion, assemblage. 

Audience-chamber,  «.  Divan,  council-chamber, 
state-chamber. 

Audit,  V.  a.  Examine  {as  accounts,  to  ascertain 
•whether  they  are  correct  or  not). 

Audit,  n.     I.   Examination  of  accounts. 
2.    Final  account. 

Auditor,  n.     I.    Hearer,  listener. 
2.   Examiner  of  accounts. 

Auditory,  n.     Audience,  assembly  of  hearers. 

Aufait.  [Fr.]  Skilful,  skilled,  expert,  at  home, 
in  one's  element. 

Aught,  n.     Anything. 

Augment,  v.  a.  Enlarge,  increase,  swell,  mag- 
nify, add  to,  make  larger. 

Augment,  v.  n.     Increase,  grow  larger. 

Augmentation,  n.  Increase,  enlargement,  exten- 
sion, addition,  accession. 

Augur,  «.  Soothsayer,  seer,  prophet,  fortune- 
teller. 

Augur,   V.   n.     I.    Prophesy,   conjecture,  predict, 
guess. 
2.   Portend,  prognosticate,  give  token. 


AUGUR 


35 


AVERAGE 


Ansnr,  v.  a.  Portend,  forebode,  presage,  fore- 
show, foreshadow,  prognosticate,  betoken,  fore- 
tell, predict,  prophesy,  be  ominous  of. 

Angury,  n.  I.  Prognostication,  soothsaying, 
prediction,  prophecy,  vaticination. 

2.  Omen,  sign,  auspice,  portent,  presage, 
prognostic,  precursor,  forerunner,  harbinger, 
herald. 

August,  a.  Imposing,  awful,  awe-inspiring,  sol- 
emn, venerable,  majestic,  stately,  grand,  regal, 
kingly,  noble,  dignified,  princely. 

Auld  lang  syne.  [Scotch.]  Antiquity,  old  times, 
former  times,  days  of  yore,  the  olden  time,  time 
gone  by,  days  gone  by,  the  good  old  times, 
pleasant  memories  of  youth. 

Aura,  n.  Effluence,  exhalation,  expiration,  efflu- 
vium, aroma,  odor. 

Aureate,  a.     Gf>lden,  yellow,  gold-colored. 

Aurelia,  ».     (Eni.)     Chrysalis,  pupa,  nympha. 

Aureola,  «.  IL.]  Halo,  glory,  aureole,  efful- 
gence, irradiance. 

Auricle,  «.     I.    Pavilion,  external  ear. 
2.    Superior  chamber  {o/  the  hearty. 

Aurora,  ».     I.    (,Mythol.)     Goddess  of  Morning. 
2.   Daybreak,  dawn,  morning,  sunrise,  break 
of  day,  opening  of  day,  peep  of  day,  first  blush  of 
the  morning      See  Mokn. 

Aurora  borealis.  [L.]  Northern  lights,  polar 
lights. 

Auspice,  n.  Omen,  augury,  sign,  portent,  pres- 
age, prognostic. 

Auspices,  n.  pi.  Favor,  influence,  patronage, 
protection,  support,  benign  or  favoring  influ- 
ences. 

Auspicious,  a.  I.  Prosperous,  successful,  fortu- 
nate, lucky,  happy,  red-letter. 

2.  Propitious,  promising,  favorable,  season- 
able, opportune,  golden,  bright. 

Austere,  a  I.  Rough  {to  tlie  taste),  sour,  and 
astringent. 

2.  Severe,  rigid,  strict,  formal,  stiff,  rigorous, 
harsh,  stern,  difficult,  hard,  uncompromising,  un- 
relenting, relentless,  ascetic,  straight-laced. 

Austerity,  ».  Severity,  rigor,  sternness,  harsh- 
ness, asceticism,  rigiditjr,  rigidness,  strictness, 
formality,  stiffness,  inflexibility. 

Authentic,  a.  I.  Genuine,  real,  true,  veritable, 
pure,  uncorrupted,  unadulterated,  not  false,  not 
spurious,  not  fictitious,  not  apocryphal,  what  it 
purports  to  be. 

2.  Trustworthy,  reliable,  authoritative,  veri- 
table, true,  accurate,  according  to  the  facts,  ac- 
cordant with  fact,  not  garbled,  not  tampered  with, 
from  competent  and  trustworthy  sources,  from 
the  original  data,  that  cannot  be  questioned,  of 
approved  authority,  to  be  depended  on,  worthy 
of  belief. 

Authenticate,  v.  a.  Verify,  seal,  attest,  give 
credit  or  validity  to,  prove  to  be  genuine. 

Antiienticationt  «.  Verification,  attestation,  seal, 
confirmation. 

Authenticity,  «.     I.   Genuineness. 

2.  Trustworthiness.    See  Authentic,  i  and  2. 

Author,    n.     I.    Originator,    first   cause,    original, 
maker,  creator,  father,  former,  contriver,  inventor. 
2.    Writer,  composer. 

Authoritative,  a.  I.  Official,  commanding,  im- 
perative, by  authority,  ex  cathedra. 

2.  Dictatorial,  imperious,  magisterial,  oracular, 
peremptory,  dogmatic.     See  Arrogant. 

Authorities,  «.  pi.  I.  Magistrates,  rulers,  the 
government,  officials,  persons  in  office. 

2.  Precedents,  decisions,  judgments. 

3.  Persons  cited  as  vouchers,  commanding 
scholars  or  men  of  science. 

Authority,  «.  I.  Power,  sovereignty,  dominion, 
empire,  government. 


2.  Rule,  sway,  ascendency,  supremacy,  con- 
trol, influence,  interest. 

3.  Permission,     warrant,     warranty,     liberty, 
permit,  precept,  order,  authorization,  sanction. 

4.  Witness,  testimony. 

5.  Credibility^  weight  of  evidence. 

6.  Respectability,  dignity,  weight  of  character • 

7.  Person  of  commanding  knowledge,  leading 
expert,  connoisseur,  master,  master-mind. 

Authorize,  v.  a.  I.  Sanction,  justify,  warrant, 
legalize,  support  by  authority. 

2.    Empower,  commission,  permit,  allow,  give 
permission  to,  give  leave  to,  give  authority  to. 

Autochthonal,     )  a.     Original,      primitive,      pri- 

Autochthonous,  )  meval,  pristine,  primary,  first, 
native,  indigenous.     See  Aboriginal. 

Autocracy,  «.  Dictatorship,  absolutism,  despot- 
ism, absolute  monarchy,  arbitrary  power,  abso- 
lute power. 

Autocrat,  «.  Dictator,  despot,  unlimited  mon- 
arch, absolute  ruler. 

Autocratic,  a.     I.   Absolute,  despotic,  unlimited. 
2.    Tyrannous,    tyrannical,    oppressive,    over- 
bearing, disdainful,  magisterial.    See  Arrogant. 

Automatic,  a.     Self-moving,  self-acting. 

Autonomy,  «.  Self-government,  independence, 
self-legislation. 

Autopsy,   n.     I.   {Rare    and  pedantic.')    Ocular 
evidence,  personal  examination. 
2.   Post-mortem  examination,  post-tnortent. 

Autumn,  ».  Fall,  fall  of  the  year,  fall  of  the 
leaf. 

Auxiliary,  a.  Aiding,  helping,  assisting,  ancil- 
lary, subsidiary,  helpful. 

Auxiliary,  «.  Helper,  assistant,  coadjutor,  ad- 
juvant, co-operative,  ally,  confederate.  See  Ac- 
cessory. 

Avail,  V.  a.     Benefit,  profit,  be  of  advantage  to. 

Avail,  V.  n.  Be  of  advantage,  do  good,  be  of  use, 
answer  the  purpose. 

Avail,  n.  Profit,  advantage,  benefit,  use,  utility, 
service. 

Available,  a.  I.  To  be  availed  of,  to  be  turned 
to  account. 

2.  Serviceable,  useful,  profitable,  advantageous, 
beneficial. 

3.  Suitable  or  fit  {for  some  Purpose),  likely  to 
answer  the  end- 

Avail  one's  self  of.    Use,  employ,  take  advantage 

of,  turn  to  account,  make  use  of. 
Avails,  «.  pi.     Proceeds,  profits,  returns. 
Avant-courier,  «.    {Fig.)  Harbinger,  forerunner, 

herald,  precursor. 
Avant-guard,  «.    Van,  advanced  guard,  vanguard. 
Avarice,  n.     Cupidity,   covetousness,   sordidness, 

graspingness. 
Avaricious,  a.    Grasping,  greedy  (of  gain),  sordid, 

close,  close-fisted,  hard-fisted,  eager  tor  gain  {for 

the  sake  of  hoarding  it).     See  Covetous. 
Avast,  inter}.    {Naut.)    Hold,  stop,  stay,  enough. 
Avaunt,  inter j.    Hence,  begone,  away,  be  off,  get 

you  gone. 
Avenge,  v.   a.     I.  Take  satisfaction  for,  award 

just  punishment  for. 
2.    Revenge,  vindicate  {by  pntnishment  of  an 

offender),  inflict  punishment  in  behalf  of. 
Avengement,  «.     {Rare.)    Avenging. 
Avenue,  «.     I.   Passage,  entrance,  entry,  access, 

way  of  approach,  passage-way.  See  under  Access. 

2.  Alley,  walk,  street,  road,  path. 

3.  Channel,  route,  way,  pass. 

Aver,  V.  a.  Assert,  declare,  asseverate,  protest, 
avouch,  allege,  say,  pronounce,  predicate.  See 
Affirm. 

Average,     «.     I.    Medium,      mean      proportion, 
medial  sum  or  quantity. 
2.  Mediocrity,  medium  grade,  mean  standard. 


AVERAGE 


86 


AYE 


Average,  v.  a.  I.  Equate,  reduce  to  an  average, 
reduce  to  a  mean. 

2.  {Com.)  Proportion,  distribute  proportion- 
ally. 

Average,  v.  «.  Amount  to,  or  result  in  {when 
the  mean  is  taken  ^ 

Average,  a.     I.   Medial,  medium,  mean. 

2.  Middling,  ordinary,  passable,  moderate, 
tolerable,  well  enough,  pretty  well,  not  bad. 

Averment,  n.  Affirmation,  declaration,  assertion, 
remark,  asseveration,  protestation,  avowal,  word. 
See  Aver. 

AvernuS,  n  {Mythol.)  Hell,  Tartarus,  Hades, 
Erebus,  the  lower  world,  the  infernal  regions, 
shades  below. 

Averse,  a.  Unwilling,  disinclined,  indisposed,  re- 
luctant, loath,  backward,  adverse,  opposed. 

Aversion,  n.     I.    Dislike,  distaste,  disrelish,  disin- 
clination, reluctance,  unwillingness,  repugnance. 
2.   Antipathy,  hatred,  loathing,  disgust,  detes- 
tation, abhorrence,  horror. 

Avert,  V.  a.     I.  Turn  aside,  turn  away,  turn  oflF. 
2.   Prevent,   divert,   preclude,    ward  off,  keep 

off.       See  FOREFEND. 

Avid,  a.     {Rare.)     Eager,  greedy. 

Avidity,  n.  I.  Eagerness,  longing,  yearning, 
intense  desire. 

2.  Greediness,  craving,  voracity,  voracious- 
ness, rapacity,  ravenousness,  canine  appetite. 

aX?!^o+/?'  \  «•    Alligator-pear,  Persea  gratissima, 

AvoStO,)      avocado-pear. 

Avocation,  n.  I.  Vocation,  calling,  business, 
occupation,  trade,  employment. 

2.  Occasional  business  {business  that  calls 
eiside),  distraction,  hindrance,  interruption,  by- 
business,  by-concernment. 

Avoid,  V.  a.  I.  Shun  {in  a  negative  sense,  or 
denoting  care  only  without  positive  exertion), 
eschew,  escape,  elude,  keep  away  from,  keep 
aloof  from,  keep  out  of  the  way  of,  withdraw 
from,  keep  clear  of,  be  shy  of,  fight  shy  of,  have 
nothing  to  do  with. 
2.    Forbear,  refrain  from,  help  (after  cannot), 

Avoset,  n.     Scooper. 

Avonch,  V.  a.  Assert,  asseverate,  declare,  pro- 
test, allege,  say,  maintain.     See  Affirm. 

Avow,   V.  a.      I.    Acknowledge,    confess,    own, 
admit. 
2.   Declare.     See  Affirm. 

Avowal,  n.  Acknowledgment,  confession,  decla- 
ration, profession. 

Avowedly,  ad.  Confessedly,  as  freely  acknowl- 
edged. 

Await,  V.  a.  I.  Expect,  abide,  wait  for,  stay  for, 
look  for,  be  in  readiness  for. 

2.  Attend,  be  in  store  for,  be  prepared  for,  be 
ready  for. 

Awake,  a.     I.   Not  asleep. 

2.  Attentive,  watchful,  vigilant,  alive,  on  the 
alert. 

Awake,  v.  a.  and  V.  n.    See  Awaken. 

Awaken,  v.  a.  I.  Awake,  wake,  rouse  from 
sleep. 

2.  Arouse,  excite,  kindle,  spur,  incite,  stimu- 
late, provoke,  stir  up. 

Awaken,  w  «.  I.  Wake,  waken,  be  awakened, 
be  roused  from  sleep. 

2.  Begin,  become  active,  be  aroused,  be  ex- 
cited, return  to  life,  come  to  life. 

Awakening,  n.  I.  Waking,  awaking,  coming 
out  of  sleep. 

2.  Arousing,  kindling,  quickening,  coming  to 
life. 

3.  Revival  {of  religion). 

Award,  v.  a.  Adjudge,  decree,  assign,  allot, 
grant,  bestow. 


Award,  «.  Judgment,  decree,  adjudication,  de- 
termination, decision,  assignment,  allotment,  be- 
stowal, gift. 

Aware,  a.  Mindful,  conscious,  cognizant,  ob- 
servant, apprised,  sensible,  percipient,  convinced, 
persuaded. 

k:^2CSt  ad.    I.  Absent,  gone,  off,  from  home,  at  a 
distance,  not  present 
2.   Begone,  let  us  go.     See  Avaunt. 

Away  with.     I.   Take  away,  put  out  of  the  way, 
destroy. 
2.    Bear,  endure,  tolerate,  get  on  with. 

Awe,  «.  I.  Reverence,  veneration,  reverential 
fear. 

2.  Dread,  fearfulness,  terror,  fear. 

3.  Solemn  exaltation,  admiring  solemnity, 
adoring  wonder. 

Awe,  V.  a.  I,  Inspire  with  awe,  solemnize,  make 
reverent,  fill  with  revering  dread. 

2.  Overawe,  intimidate,  frighten,  affright, 
daunt,  cow.     See  Affright. 

Aweless,  )  a.      I,   Destitute    of  awe,   irreverent, 

Awless,    S      unrevering. 

2.  Inspiring  no  awe,  undread,  unsolemn,  un- 
venerable,  unimposing,  unmajestic,  unstately. 

Awe-struck,  a  I.  Awed,  inspired  with  awe, 
solemnized,  solemn,  reverent,  revering,  filled  with 
solemn  exaltation. 

2.  Dismayed,  horrified,  appalled,  terrified, 
frightened,  awe-stricken,  horror-struck,  over- 
whelmed. 

Awful,  a.  I.  Dread,  awe-inspiring,  reverend, 
venerable,  august,  grand,  stately,  imposing,  sol- 
emn, majestic. 

2.  Dreadful,  fearful,  horrible,  horrid,  horrify- 
ing, terrible,  dire,  direful,  frightful,  appalling, 
tremendous,  overwhelming,  alarming,  porten- 
tous. 

Awhile,  ad.  For  a  time,  for  some  time,  some 
time,  for  a  while. 

Awkward,  a.  I.  Unskilful,  bungling,  unhandy, 
maladroit,  inapt,  clumsy,  without  dexterity. 

2.  Unwieldy,  lumbering,  unmanageable,  in- 
convenient, unfit. 

3.  Uncouth,  unrefined,  unpolished,  uncourtly, 
rude,  rough,  clumsy,  coarse,  wooden,  inelegant, 
ungainly,  untoward,  ungraceful,  stiff,  constrained, 
uneasy,  rustic,  boorish,  clownish,  loutish,  gawky, 
lubberly,  slouching. 

Awn,  n.  Bristly  appendage  {of  corn  or  grass), 
bristle,  beard. 

Awned,  a.  {Bot.)  Aristate,  bearded,  bristled, 
awny. 

Awning,  «.  Canopy,  tilt,  baldachino,  baldaquin, 
or  baldequin. 

Awnless,  a.  Beardless,  unbearded,  unbristled, 
without  beard  or  bristles,  destitute  of  awn. 

Awry,    ad.      I.   Obliquely,    asquint.      See    As- 
kance. 
2.   Perversely,  wrong.     See  Athwart,  2. 

Awry,  a.  Oblique,  slanting,  distorted,  crooked, 
wry.     See  Askant  and  Athwart. 

AxUla,  n.  [L.  pi.  Axillce.\  {Anat.)  Armpit, 
hollow  of  the  arm,  axil. 

Axiom,  n.  I.  Truism,  self-evident  proposition, 
intuitive  truth,  necessary  truth. 

2.  Postulate^  settled  principle  {not  of  necessity 
true),  proposition  commonly  received,  assumed 
truth. 

Axiomatic,      \a.     Self-evident,  certain,  positive. 

Axiomatical, )  absolute,  necessary,  apodictic, 
a  priori. 

Axis,  n.     I.    Shaft,  spindle,  arbor. 

2.  Central  line,  line  of  symmetry,  line  of  rota- 
tion, line  of  revolution. 

A^e,}-^-    Yes. 


AYE 


37 


BADGER 


A:ye,  ad.  {Poetical.)  Always,  forever,  evermore, 
continually,  ceaselessly,  unendingly,  chaugelessly, 
unchangingly,  immutably. 

A20te,  «.     Nitrogen. 

Azure,  a.     Blue,  cerulean,  sky-colored,  sky-blue. 


Azure,  «.     I.    Blue,  sky-color,  cerulean. 

2.  (With  The  prefixed.)  The  sky,  heaven, 
welkin,  empyrean,  arch  or  expanse  of  heaven, 
blue  expanse,  expanse,  depths  of  space,  the  ceru- 
lean vault 


B 


Babble,  v.n.  I.  Prattle,  jabber,  chatter,  gibber, 
talk  inarticulately. 

2.  Prate,  chat,  gossip,  palaver,   tattle,  be  lo- 
quacious, talk  idly  or  thoughtlessly.    See  Pratb. 

3.  Tell  secrets,  tattle,  blab,  let  the  cat  out  of 
the  bag. 

Babble,  v.  a.  I.  Tell  {foolishly),  prate,  utter, 
prate  about. 

2.   Blab,   let    out,    blab  about      {hither    and 
thither). 

Babble,  «.  Prattle,  palaver,  chit-chat,  gabble, 
twaddle,  chatter,  balderdash,  platitude,  flum- 
mery, fustian,  wish  wash,  stuff,  drivel,  moon- 
shine, fudge,  trash,  nonsense,  gibberish,  gibble- 
gabble,  small  talk,  idle  talk,  c-hildish  or  foolish 
talk,  frothy  discourse.     See  Prattle,  n. 

Babblin?,  «.     I.   Prattle.     See  Babble. 

2.   Garrulity,  loquacity,  loquaciousness,  talka- 
tiveness. 

Babe,  n.  Infant,  baby,  nursling,  suckhng,  chit, 
brat,  bantling  (bairn),  little  one. 

Babel,  «.  Confusion,  disorder,  tumult,  din,  dis- 
cord, jargon,  clamor,  hubbub,  pother,  hurly- 
burly. 

Baby,  «.    Infant.     See  Babe. 

Babyhood,  «.     Infancy,  babehood. 

Baccalatireate,  «     Degree  of  bachelor  of  arts. 

Baccate,  a.  {Bot.)  Of  a  pulpy  nature  {like  a 
berry). 

Bacchanal, «.  Reveller,  carouser,  bacchanalian, 
roysterer,  debauchee,  bacchant. 

Bacchanal,  a.  Riotous,  revelling,  noisy,  baccha- 
nalian. 

Bacchanalian,  «.  and  a.     See  Bacchanal. 

Bacchanals,  «.  pi.  Revelry,  revels,  orgies,  ca- 
rousal, debauch,  drunken  frolic,  potation,  cora- 
potation,  wassail,  Saturnalia,  drunken  feasts. 

Back,  «.     I.  Upper  part,  outer  part. 

2.   Hinder  part,  posterior  portion,  rear,  end. 

Back,  a.  I.  Remote,  on  the  frontier,  away  from 
the  thicker  settlements. 

2.  Hindmost,  in  the  rear. 

3.  In  a  backward  direction.     [Used  as  a  pre- 
fix, with  hyphen.  ] 

Back,  ad.    I.  To  the  place  of  starting. 

2.  Backward,  rearward,   abaft,   in    the    rear, 
toward  what  is  behind. 

3.  Again,  in  return,  in  recompense. 

Back,  V.  a.  I.  Aid,  second,  support,  counte- 
nance, favor,  sustain,  abet,  side  with,  stand  by, 
take  part  with,  give  support  to,  co-operate  with, 
back  up.     See  Assist. 

2.   Move  backward,  push  backward,  cause  to 
go  backward. 

Back,  V.  n.  Move  or  go  backward,  retire,  retreat, 
resile,  withdraw,  draw  back. 

Backbite,  v.  a.  Defame,  traduce,  malign,  slander, 
revile,  calumniate,  libel,  asperse,  vilify,  blacken, 
abuse,  scandalize,  speak  ill  of. 

Backbiter,  «.  Slanderer,  defamer,  traducer,  ca- 
lumniator, libeller,  maligner,  reviler,  vilifier, 
detractor. 


Backbitin^y  «.  Detraction,  defamation,  asper- 
sion, slander,  calumny,  contumely,  abuse,  ob- 
loquy. 

Backbone,  «.  I.  Spine,  spinal  column,  vertebral 
column. 

2.  Firmness,  nerve,  resolution,  courage,  pluck, 
hardihood,  manhood,  steadfastness,  stability,  de- 
cision, moral  principle,  stamina. 

Backhanded,  a.  I.  Inclining  to  the  left  hand 
{as  writing),  sloping  backward. 

2.  Outward  and  backward,  with  the  back  of 
the  hand. 

3.  Indirect,  unfair,  unfavorable,  backhand. 
Back-honse,  «      Privy,  necessary,  jakes,  water- 
closet 

Back  out.     {Collog.)     Withdraw  from  a  bargain, 

not  keep  a  promise,  not  stand  to  an  engagement, 

retreat,  withdraw,  resile. 
Backslide,    v    «.     Apostatize,  fall  off,  fall  away, 

break  faith. 
Backslider,  «.     Apostate,  deserter,  renegade. 
Backsliding,  «.     Apostasy. 
Back  up.      Support,    sustain,    assist,    aid,    help. 

See  Back. 
Backward,   a.      I.   Unwilling,    reluctant,    loath, 

disinclined,     indisposed,     wavering,     hesitating. 

See  Averse. 
2f.   Dull,   sluggish,    slow,  stupid,  stolid.     See 

Dull. 
3.    Late,   tardy,  behindhand,  after  the  usual 

time. 
Backward,    )  ad.  Regressively,  rearward,  aback, 
Backwards,  )      behind.     See  Abaft. 
Bad,  a.  ^  I.   Evil,  ill,  baneful,  baleful,  deleterious, 

pernicious,   mischievous,   noxious,  hurtful,  inju- 
rious, detrimental,  unwhole.some. 

2.  Wicked,  depraved,  abandoned,  corrupt,  un- 
principled, immoral,  dishonest,  unfair,  disin- 
genuous, rascally,  villanous. 

3.  Unlucky,  unfortunate,  unhappy. 

4.  Unwelcome,  sad,  _  saddening,  disappoint- 
ing, untoward,  depressing,  discouraging,  dis- 
tressing. 

5.  Vile,  wretched,  sorry,  mean,  shabby,  scurvy, 
abominable. 

6.  Poor,  inferior,  imperfect,  defective,  incom- 
petent, ill-qualified. 

7.  Serious,  severe,  hard,  heavy. 

Bad  blood.     Ill-will,  malice,  hatred,  hate,  venom. 

Bad  faith.  Perfidy,  perfidiousness,  traitorousness, 
dishonesty,  unfairness,  faithlessness,  lack  of  fi- 
delity, want  of  jrood  faith,  breach  of  faith,  Punic 
faith,  punica  fides  or  fides  punica. 

Badee,  «.  I.  Token  of  office,  shield  of  office,  oflS- 
cial  star  or  emblem. 

2.  Emblem  of  membership,  cognizance,  device. 

3.  Emblem  {of  anything),  sign,  mark,  token, 
stamp,  brand. 

Badger,  «.     Bawson  {or  bawsin),  brock. 

Badg:er,  v.  a.    Persecute,  tease,  worry,  harry,  bait, 

annoy,    vex,    plague,    harass,    torment,    pester, 

trouble,  bother,  hector. 


BADINAGE 


88 


BAND 


BadinagfCf  «.  [Fr.]  Raillery,  banter,  asteism, 
persijflage,  light  talk,  small  talk,  trifling  or  play- 
ful discourse. 

Baffle,  V.  a.  I.  Frustrate,  foil,  balk,  thwart, 
defeat,  mar,  upset,  check,  neutralize,  checkmate, 
undermine,  circumvent. 

2.  Confound,  bewilder,  perplex,  disconcert, 
out-general,  out-manoeuvre. 

Bag,  n.     Sack,  pouch,  wallet,  reticule. 

Bagatelle,  «.  [Fr  ]  IVifle,  small  matter,  thing  of 
no  consequence  or  importance. 

Baggage,  «.  Luggage,  personal  effects,  travelling 
effects,  traps. 

Bagnio,  «.     I.   Bath,  bathing-house. 

2.  Brothel,  stew,  bawdy-house,  house  of  pros- 
titution, house  of  ill-fame. 

Bail,  n.     I.   Security,  surety. 
2.    Handle  {of  a  pail,  etc.). 

Bail,  V.  a.     Admit  to  bail. 

Bailiff,  n.  I.  Deputy-sheriff,  deputy-marshal, 
deputy-constable. 

2.  Overseer,  under-steward,  factor,  manager, 
supervisor. 

Bairn,  «.  {.Scotch.^    Child,  babe. 

Bait,  V.  a.     I.     Put  bait  upon. 

2.  Feed  {animais),  give  feed  to. 

3.  Worry,  harry.     See  Badger,  v. 
Bait,  V.  n.     Take  refreshment  {07i  ajourftey). 
Bait,  «.     I.   Lure,  decoy,  allurenjent,  enticement, 

temptation. 
2.   Refreshment  {on  a  journey). 
Bake,  v.  a.     I.   Harden  (by  heat),  dry  up,  parch, 
stiffen. 
2.   Cook  (in  the  oven). 
Balance,  «.     I.   Pair  of  scales. 

2.  Equipoise,  equilibrium,  equality  of 
weight. 

3.  Comparison,  comparative  estimate,  weigh- 
ing. 

4.  Excess,  overplus,  surplus,  residue,  remain- 
der.    {Correct  only  o/ accounts.) 

5.  Counterpoise,  equalizing  agency,  equalizer. 

6.  Moral  or  mental  equilibrium,  equipoise, 
poise,  self-control,  self-possession,  all-sidedness, 
good  proportion. 

Balance,  v.  a.  I.  Poise,  keep  in  equipoise,  hold 
in  equilibrium. 

2.  Weigh  {mentally),  compare,  estimate  com- 
paratively. 

3.  Counterpoise,  counteract,  neutralize,  coun- 
tervail, counterbalance,  compensate,  make  up 
for. 

4.  {Com.)  Equalize,  make  equal,  square, 
adjust,  clear. 

Balance,  v.  n.     I.   Be  in  equipoise  or  ecuilibrium, 

counterpoise  each  other,  neutralize  each  other. 
2.  Cast  accounts,  keep  accounts,  reckon,  make 

balances. 
Balance-fish,  n.    Hammer-fish,  hammer-headed 

shark  {Zygeena  vulgaris). 
Bald,  a.     I.   Without  hair  {on  the  head),  hairless, 

destitute  of  hair. 

2.  Bare,  treeless,  verdureless,  uncovered,  un- 
sheltered, naked. 

3.  Unadorned,  inelegant,  prosaic,  dull,  meagre, 
vapid,  tame. 

4.  Literal,  unabated,  unmitigated,  undisguised, 
unvarnished,  naked,  bare. 

5.  Unsupported,  bare,  mere,  uncorroborated, 
glaring. 

Baldachino, ) 

Baldaquin,    \  n.     Canopy,  awning 

Baldeqnin,   ) 

Balderdash,  «.  Verbiage,  rodomontade,  gascon- 
ade, rant,  bombast,  fustian,  froth,  palaver, 
twaddle,  chatter,  trash,  stuff,  bosh,  platitude, 
flummery,  fudge,  jargon,  nonsense,  prate,  prating. 


senseless  prate,  jabber,  gibberish,  gibb'e-gabble, 
gabble,  drivel,  frothy  discourse,  idle  talk. 

Baldric,  n.     Shoulder-belt,  bawdrick. 

Bale,  n.     I.    Bundle,  package. 

2.  Harm,  injury,  hurt,  bane,  ruin,  mischief, 
calamity,  misery. 

Baleen^  «.     Whalebone. 

Bale-fire, «.     Beacon-fire. 

Baleful,  a.  Hurtful,  injurious,  noxious,  mischiev- 
ous, pernicious,  calamitous,  baneful,  ruinous, 
deadly,  fraught  with  evil. 

Balik,  V.  a.  Disappoint,  frustrate,  defeat,  foil, 
baffle,  disconcert,  thwart. 

Balky,  a.  [17.  S.^  Perverse  {said  of  a  horse), 
unruly,  refractory,  wayward,  contrary,  stubborn, 
obstinate. 

Ball,  n.  I.  Globe,  sphere,  round  body,  round  or 
rounded  <7r  roundish  part. 

2.  Missile  {ofjire  arms),  bullet,  shot,  projec- 
tile. 

3.  Dance,  entertainment  of  dancing,  assembly, 
dancing-party. 

4.  Game  of  ball 

Ballad,  «.     Light  poem,  sentimental  song. 

Ballad-monger,  «.  I.  Seller  or  crier  of  ballads, 
street-song  vender. 

2.  Poetaster,  rhymester,  would-be  poet,  maker 
of  doggerel,  versifier. 

Ballast,  n.  I.  Weight  {/or  steadiness),  ballast- 
ing, filling,_  packing. 

2.  Steadiness,  consistency,  stability,  equipoise, 
balance,  self-control,  considerateness,  foresight, 
prudence,  discretion,  judgment,  sense,  good 
sense,  sound  sense. 

Ballast,  V.  a.     I.   Put  ballast  into. 

2.  Render  firm  or  steadfast,  etc.  See  the 
noun,  under  2. 

Ballasting,  «.     Ballast. 

Ballooning, «.  Aeronautics,  aerostation,  balloonery. 

Balloonist,  «.     Aeronaut,  aerial  navigator. 

Ballot,  n.     I.   Voting-ticket,  ticket,  voting-ball. 
2.  Vote,  total  vote,  number  of  voters,  votes  cast. 

Ballot,  V.  n.  Vote,  cast  votes,  take  a  vote,  take  a 
ballot. 

Balm,  n.  I.  Ointment,  fragrant  or  precious  oint- 
ment, unguent. 

2.  Healing,  soothing,  mitigant,  assuager,  ano- 
dyne, cure. 

Balmy,  a.  I.  Soothing,  refreshing,  healing,  eas- 
ing, assuaging,  lenitive,  sedative. 

2.  Fragrant,  odoriferous,  odorous,  aromatic, 
aromatous,  ambrosial,  spicy,  sweet-smelling, 
sweet-scented,  sweet. 

Baltimore  oriole.  Golden  robin,  hang-bird,  fiery 
hang-bird  {Icterus  Baltimore  or  Oriolus  Balti- 
more) 

Bamboozle,  v.  a.  Deceive,  cheat,  dupe,  beguile, 
mislead,  inveigle,  gull,  trick,  chouse,  overreach, 
circumvent,  defraud,  mystify,  hoax,  impose  on, 
practise  upon,  mislead. 

Ban,  n.     I.   Proclamation,  edict. 

2.  Curse,  malediction,  excommunication,  de- 
nunciation, execration,  anathema. 

3.  Interdiction,  interdict,  prohibition,  outlawry, 
prohibitory  penalty. 

Ban,  V.  a.  I.  Curse,  execrate,  anathematize,  male- 
diet. 

2.  Interdict,  imban,  outlaw,  put  under  ban  or 
prohibition. 

Band,  «.     I.   Tie,  ligature,  ligament. 

2.  Cord,  chain,  fetter,  manacle,  shackle,  bond. 

3.  Bandage,  fillet,  binding,  dncture,  girth, 
belt. 

4.  Company  {especially  of  instrumental  tnu- 
sicians),  troop,  gang,  crew,  horde,  party,  body, 
club,  junto,  coterie,  clique,  society,  sodality, 
association. 


BANDAGE 


39 


BARELY 


Bandag:e>  «.     Fillet,  band,  binding,  cincture,  belt. 
Bandit*  «.     Outlaw,   robber,   brigand,   freebooter, 

footpad,  highwayman,  marauder. 
Banditti,  «.  Pl'     Band  of  outlaws  or  robbers. 
Bandy,  v.  a.     I.   Toss,  toss  about,  toss  to  and  fro, 

agitate,  dispute  about.  , 

2.   Exchange,  interchange,  give  and  take. 
Bandy,  a.     Crooked,  bent,  hov/-(le^ged). 
Bane,  «.     I.   Poison,  venom. 

2.    Pest,    scourge,    curse,    ruin,    destruction, 

harm,  injury.     See  Bale. 
Baneful,  a.     I.   Poisonous,  venomous. 

2.    Destructive,    noxious,    hurtful,     injurious, 

pernicious,  mischievous,  deadly,  ruinous,  fraught 

with  evil.     See  Baleful. 
Banewort,  «.     Belladonna,   dwale,   dead'y-night- 

shndo.  (A  tro^a  belladonna). 
Bang,  V.  a.  I.  Beat,  thump,  pound,  strike,  knock, 

maul,   pommel,   thrash,  cudgel,  thwack,  handle 

roughly,  deal  roughly  with. 
2.   Slam,  shut  with  a  bang. 
Ban^,  V.  n.    Ring,  rattle,  resound,  re-echo,  clatter. 
Bang,  «.     I.   Clang,  clangor,  whang. 

2.    Blow,  thump,  whack,  thwack,  lick,  knock. 
Banian,  «.    {Bot.)    Indian  fig-tree  {Ficus  Indica). 

Same  as  Banyan. 
Banish,  v.  a.     I.   Exile,  expatriate,  ostracize,  ex- 
pel from  the  country. 
2.   Exclude,   expel,   dismiss,  dispel,  shut  out, 

drive  away,  put  out  of  mind. 
Banishment,   «.     Exile,    expatriation,    ostracism, 

expulsion,  proscription. 
Bank,  «.     I.   Mound,  knoll,  rising  ground,  heap, 

pile,  tumulus,  dike 

2.  Shore,  brim,  brink,  margin,  marge,  border, 
bound,  rim,  rivage. 

3.  Shoal,  shallow,  bar,  sandbank,  syrtis. 

4.  Bench,  thwart,  beam,  rowing-beam. 

5.  Row,  tier,  course. 

6.  Banking-house,  (one's)  banker's,  the  money- 
lender's, the  usurer's. 

Bank,  v.  a.  I.  Embank,  dike,  surround  with  a  bank 
2.  Deposit  (/« the  bank),  lay  up,  put  in  the  bank. 

Bank,  v.  ».  Have  one's  account,  keep  one's  funds, 
conduct  one's  business,  do  banking,  make  one's 
transactions. 

Bankrupt,  a.     Insolvent. 

Bankrupt,  «.     Insolvent  debtor. 

Bankruptcy,  «.     Insolvency. 

Banner,  «.  Flag,  standard,  streamer,  ensign, 
pennon,  colors. 

Banquet,  «  Feast,  entertainment,  regalement, 
treat. 

Banquet,  v.  «.  Feast,  be  regaled  with  good  eating 
and  drinking. 

Banquet,  v.  a.  Treat  with  a  banquet  or  feast, 
regale,  entertain  festally,  feast. 

Banter,  v.  a.  Jeer,  joke,  rally,  quiz,  chaff  (c^//^?^), 
ridicule,  twit,  deride,  mock,  make  fun  of,  make 
sport  of,  make  merry  with,  play  upon,  make  a 
butt  of. 

Banter,  «.  Raillery,  ridicule,  mockery,  derision, 
Persiflage,  pleasantry,  badinage,  asteism,  joking, 
jesting,  quizzing,  ch^ii {collog.). 

Bantlinj,  «.  Infant,  babe,  baby,  chit,  brat,  nurs- 
ling, suckling,  bairn,  little  child,  little  one,  young 
one. 

Baptize,  V.  a.     I.   Administer  baptism  to. 
2.   Christen. 

Bar,  «,  I.  Rod,  pole,  grating,  cross-piece,  cast- 
ing, ingot. 

2.  Obstacle,   hindrance,   obstruction,   barrier, 
barricade,  stop,  impediment. 

3.  Rail,  railing. 

4.  Tribunal,  judgment-seat. 

5.  Body  of  lawyers,  legal  fraternity. 

6.  Shoal,  sand-bank,  shallow,  bank,  sandbar. 


Bar,  V.  a.    I.    Fasten  with  a  bar. 

2.  Hinder,  obstruct,  stop,  prevent,  prohibit, 
restrain. 

3.  Exclude,  shut  out. 

Barb,  «.  I.  Beard  (or  excrescences  like  a  beard), 
wattles. 

2.  Guard  {of  a  hook,  etc.),  beard,  point, 
guarded  or  bearded  point. 

3.  Horse  {o/  the  Barbary  breed). 
Barb,  v.  a.     Point,  fit  with  barbs,  beard. 
Barbadoes  tar.     Petroleum,  rock-oil,  Seneca  oil, 

mineral  pitch,  mineral  tar,  mineral  oil. 

Barbarian, «.    I.  Savage. 

2.    Brute,  ruffian,  brutal  monster. 

Barbarian,  a.  I.  Uncivilized,  rude,  savage,  bar- 
barou.s,  barbaric. 

2.  Inhuman,  brutal,  cruel,  unfeeling,  ruthless, 
truculent,  ferocious,  fierce,  fell,  bloody,  brutish. 
See  Barbarous. 

Barbaric,  a.  I.  Barbarian,  barbarous,  uncivilized, 
rude,  savage,  untamed. 

2.  Gaudy,  uncouth,  coarse,  coarsely  showy, 
outlandish,  unrefined,  wild,  untamed,  unregulated, 
capricious,  riotous,  coarseiy  luxuriant. 

Barbarism,  ».  I.  Savagism,  savage  state,  sav- 
agery, barbarous  state,  uncivilized  condition. 

2.  Rudeness,  roughness,  brutality,  savageness, 
harshness,  destructiveness,  vandalism. 

3.  Impurity  (of  diction),  impropriety,  unau- 
thorized expression. 

4.  Atrocity,  outrage,  act  of  cruelty  or  barbarity, 
brutality. 

Barbarity,  «•  Cruelty,  savageness,  barbarousness, 
brutality,  brutishiiess,  ferociousness,  ferocity,  in- 
humanity, truculence,  hardness  of  heart,  manners 
of  a  barbarian. 

Barbarous,  a.  I.  Uncivilized,  rough,  coarse, 
rude,  untutored,  ignorant,  unlettered,  unculti- 
vated, untamed,  savage,  barbarian,  barbaric. 

2.  Cruel,  inhuman,  brutal,  brutish,  unfeeling, 
ferocious,  ruthless,  fell,  truculent,  fierce,  bloody, 
savage. 

3.  Uncouth  {as  a  word  or  an  expression), 
harsh,  rugged,  vulgar,  contrary  to  good  usage, 
full  of  impurities,  full  of  infelicities. 

Barbe,  )  «.     I.    Housing,  piece  of  housing. 

Barb,  )  2.  Horse-armor,  horse-mail  (horse- 
armor),  boss. 

Barbed,  a.     I.   Bearded. 

2.  Clad  in  armor  {said  of  horses),  mailed,  in 
barbes,  furnished  with  barbes. 

Barberry,  «.  Pepperidse-bush  or  pipperidge- 
bush  {Berber's  vulgaris). 

Bard,  «.     I.    HarjDer,  minstrel,  poet. 

2.   Larding-strip,  hrding-bacon,  bacon-strip. 

Barde,  «.     Horse-trappings,  horse-armor,  barbes. 

Barded,  a.     Caparisoned,  armed,  barbed. 

Bare,  a.  I.  Naked,  nude,  denuded,  uncovered, 
unclothed,  undressed,  exposed,  unprotected,  un- 
sheltered, unshielded,  detected. 

2.  Simple,  sheer,  mere,  alone. 

3.  Unadorned,  bald,  undecorated,  unfurnished, 
meagre. 

4.  Poor,  destitute,  indigent,  ill-supplied,  empty. 
Bare,  v.  a.     Strip,  uncover,  make  bare.     See  pre- 

cedinc  adjective. 
Bareback,  a.  and  ad.     Without  a  saddle,  on  an 
unsaddled  horse. 

Barebacked,  a.    Unsaddled. 

Barefaced,  a.  I.  Undisguised,  unreserved,  un- 
concealed, palpable,  conspicuous,  glaring,  no- 
table, notorious. 

2.   Impudent,  presumptuous,   brazen,   shame- 
less, audacious. 
Barely,    ad.     I.    Pooriy,     meagrely,     slenderly, 
meanly. 
2.   Merely,  simply,  only,  just. 


BARGAIN 


40 


BATTLE 


Bargatlli  «.  I.  Compact,  agreement,  stipulation, 
covenant,  contract,  convention,  concordat,  treaty, 
indenture,  transaction. 

2.  Purchase,  getting,  proceeds,  result 

3.  Cheap    purchase,    purchase    on    favorable 
terms,  good  bargain. 

Bargain*   v.  n.    Contract,  agree,  stipulate,  cove- 
nant, make  a  bargain. 
Bargain,   v.   a.     Sell,   transfer,   convey.     [With 

Barge,  «.  I.  Vessel  of  state,  pleasure-boat,  barque. 
2.   Boat  of  burden,  transport. 

Barilla,  n.     Carbonate  of  soda  (impure),  kelp. 

Bark,  v.  «.     Yelp,  bay. 

Bark  at.  Clamor  at,  decry,  cry  down,  carp  at, 
asperse.     See  Asperse. 

Bark  up  the  wrong  tree.  {Collog.)  Mistake,  err, 
make  a  mistake,  be  in  the  wrong  box,  on  the 
wrong  scent,  or  on  the  wrong  track. 

Barm,  «.     Yeast,  ferment,  leaven. 

Barmecide,  a.  Delusive,  illusory,  tantalizing, 
mock,  make-believe,  sham,  unsatisfying,  vision- 
ary, unsubstantial,  unreal. 

Barmy,  a.    Yeasty. 

Barren,  a.  I.  Unprolific,  sterile,  childless,  infec- 
und,  incapable  of  bearing  offspring. 

2.  Destitute  of  fruit,  sterile,  acarpous. 

3.  Unfertile,  unproductive,  sterile,  poor, 
bare. 

4.  Ineffectual,  uninstructive,  unsuggestive, 
infecund,  leading  to  nothing,  unproductive. 

Barricade,  n.  obstruction  {as  in  the  streets  of  a 
city^  to  serve  as  a  fortification).     See  Barrier. 

Barricade,  v.  a.  obstruct,  block  up,  stop  up,  for- 
tify hastily. 

Barrier,  «.  Obstruction,  obstacle,  hindrance,  bar, 
barricade,  stop,  impediment. 

Barrister,  «.  Advocate  {admitted  to  plead  at  the 
bar),  counsellor,  counsel,  lawyer,  attorney  at  law, 
limb  of  the  law,  member  of  the  bar. 

Barrow,  «.     I.   Wheelbarrow,  handbarrow. 

2.  Mound,  hillock. 

3.  Hog  {especially  a  castrated  hog). 
Barter,   v.   «.      Make   exchanges,   traffic  by  ex- 
changes, traffic,  trade,  bargain. 

Barter,  v.  a.  Give  in  exchange,  barter  away,  bar- 
gain away,  traffic  away,  trade  off. 

Barter,  «.     Exchange,  traffic  by  exchange. 

Barter  away.    See  Barter. 

Baryta,  n.     Oxide  of  barium. 

Barytes,  «.     Heavy  spar,  sulphate  of  baryta. 

Base,  a.  I.  Inferior,  of  little  or  no  worth,  cheap, 
worthless. 

2.  Debased,  spurious,  counterfeit,  false. 

3.  Plebeian,  vulgar,  untitled,  nameless,  lowly, 
humble,  unknown,  uuhonored,  base-born,  of  low 
birth. 

4.  Mean,  despicable,  contemptible,  beggarly, 
sordid,  servile,  slavish,  menial,  sorry,  worthless, 

{)itiful,   low-minded,   rascally,  abject,  grovelling, 
ow,  venal. 

5.  Shameful,  disreputable,  disgraceful,  dis- 
creditable, dishonorable,  scandalous,  infamous, 
vile,  villanous. 

Base,  n.  I.  Basis,  foundation,  ground,  ground- 
work, lowest  part,  bottom,  foot. 

2.  {Surveying^     Base-line. 

3.  {Chem  )   Principal  element  (<2/'«<:o»«/£'««d?) 
Base,  V.  a.     Found,  rest,  establish.     [Followed  by 

on  or  upon.\ 
Base-bom,  a.     See  Base,  a.,  3. 
Base-line,  «.     {Surveying.)    Base. 
Basement,  «.  Ground-floor,  lowest  story,  basement 

story 
Base-minded,   a.     Mean,    low,    vile,    grovellinc;, 

beggarly^  pitiful,  despicable,  abject,  low-minded, 

mean-spmted. 


,  «.  I.  Meanness,  despicableness,  con- 
temptibleness,  abasement,  worthlessness,  abject- 
ness. 

2.   Disgrace,   ignominy,  infamy,   shame,    dis- 
honor, turpitude,  villany,  perfidy. 

Ba^btul,  a.  Shy,  timid,  timorous,  coy,  diffident, 
sheepish,  shamefaced,  over-modest,  not  self- 
possessed. 

Baslitulness,  «.  Shyness,  timidity,  coyness,  diffi- 
dence, self-distrust,  excessive  modesty. 

Basilisk,  n.     Cockatrice. 

Basis,  «.  Base,  foundation,  ground,  groundwork, 
lowest  part. 

Bask,  V.  71.  I.  Lie  warming,  warm  one's  self 
joyously,  luxuriate. 

2.  Rejoice,  be  shone  upon,  be  bathed,  revel, 
prosper. 

Bask,  V.  a.     Bathe,  warm,  expose. 

Bass,  a.     {Mus.)     Low,  deep,  grave. 

Basset,  2/.  «.     {Geol.)    Crop  out. 

Bassetting,  «.     Cropping  out,  out-crop. 

Bastard,  «.  Love-child,  whoreson,  illegitimate 
child,  natural  child. 

Bastard,  a.  I.  Illegitimate,  natural,  spurious, 
base-born,  misbegotten,  whoreson. 

2.  Spurious,  false,  counterfeit,  not  genuine, 
pretended,  sham,  supposititious. 

Baste,  V.  a.  I.  Beat  {with  a  stick),  cudgel,  cane, 
drub,  thrash,  buffet,  pound,  pommel.  See  Beat, 
I. 

2.  Moisten  with  fat. 

3.  Sew  {with  long  stitches),  stitch  {loosely). 
Bastinado,  «.     Cudgelling,  basting,  beating  {usu- 
ally on  the  soles  of  the  feet). 

Bastinado,  v.  a.     Cudgel,  baste,  beat  {as  above). 
Eat,  n.     I.   Stick,  club,  cudgel,  walking-stick. 

2.  Brickbat,  broken  brick. 

3.  Cheiropter,  wing-handed  mammal. 

4.  Pack-saddle. 

Batch,  n.  Quantity  {as  of  bread,  ore,  etc.,  treated 
at  one  time),  amount,  lot,  collection,  crowd. 

Bate,  V.  a.  Abate,  lessen,  diminish,  decrease, 
reduce,  rebate,  remit,  suppress,  suspend,  hold  in, 
repress. 

Bathe,  v.  a.     I.   Wash,  lave,  immerse. 

2.  Flood,  cover,  suffuse. 

3.  Immerse,  enwrap,  infold. 

Bathe,  v.  n.  I.  Wash  the  body,  go  into  a  bath, 
take  a  bath,  use  the  bath. 

2.  Be  immersed,  float,  be  streamed  upon,  lie 
beneath,  lie  floating. 

Bathes,  n.  Anticlimax,  false  sublime,  moral  sub- 
lime, sham  exaltation,  the  fatal  step  from  the 
sublime  to  the  ridiculous,  bombast. 

Bating,  prep.  Except,  excepting,  barring,  deduct- 
ing. 

Baton,  n.  Staff,  truncheon,  wand,  rod,  sceptre, 
staff  of  office. 

Batten,  «.     Wooden  strip. 

Batten,  v.  a.     I.   Fasten  with  battens. 
2.    Fatten,  make  fat. 

Batten,  v.  n.     Grow  fat,  fatten,  thrive. 

Batter,  v.  a.     I.   Beat,  smite,  pelt,  dash  against 

2.  Bruise,  break,  shatter,  shiver,  smash,  de- 
molish, destroy,  strike  down,  knock  down,  shake 
to  pieces,  shiver  to  pieces. 

3.  Indent,  wear,  wear  away,  abrade,  deface, 
mar,  disfigure. 

Batter,  v.   n.     I.   Attack    by    battering,  employ 

battery. 
2.   {Masonry^     Incline,  slope,  recede,  retreat, 

slope  backward. 
Batter,  «.     I.   Paste,  liquid  paste. 

2.  Batsman,  striker. 

3.  {Masonry.)     Slope  backward. 

Battle,  «.  Combat,  engagement,  action,  conflict, 
contest,  fight,  rencontre,  collision,  affair. 


BATTLE 


41 


BEARING 


Battle,  V.  n.  Contend,  struggle,  strive,  do  battle, 
fight,  contest,  desperately  endeavor.  [Usually 
with/<»r.] 

Battle  array.    Order  of  battle,  line,  line  of  battle. 

Battled,  a.  Embattled,  battlemented,  bristling 
with  battlements. 

Bauble*    I  «.     Trinket,  gewgaw,  toy,   trifle,  play- 

Bawble,  j      thing,  gimcrack,  knack,  knick-knack. 

Bavta,  «.     Fagot,  twig,  bough,  brushwood. 

Bavin,  a.     Brushy,  fagot-like,  twiggy. 

Bavin,  v.  a.  Kid,  bundle,  make  into  fagots,  make 
into  bavins. 

Bawd,  «.  Procurer  or  {more  commotdy)  procur- 
ess, pander,  pimp. 

Bawdry,  «.  I.  Pandering,  playing  pimp  or  pro- 
curess. 

2.  Fornication,  whoredom,  whoring,  lechery, 
licentiousness,  illicit  intercourse. 

3.  Obscenity,  impurity,  lewd  talk,  smut,  in- 
decency, filthy  language 

Bawdy,  a.      Obscene,   filthy,   indecent,    impure, 

lewd,  smutty,  unchaste. 
Bawdy-house,   «.     Brothel,  stew,  bagnio,  house 

of  prostitution,  house  of  ill-fame. 
Bawl,  V.  n.  and  v.  a.     Clamor,  vociferate,   yell, 

howl,  roar,  shout,  hoot,  cry,  squall. 
Bay,  a.     Reddish-brown. 
Bay,  «.     I.   Bight,  inlet  of  the  sea. 

2.  Recess  {as  in  a  room),  opening. 

3.  Compartment. 

4.  Bay-tree,  laurel-tree  {Laurus  nobilis), 
sweet  laurel. 

5.  Baywood,  Campeachy  mahogany. 

6*  Laurel-crown,  chaplet,  laurel,  garland, 
fame,  renown,  glory,  honor,  plaudits,  praise,  ap- 
plause. 

7.  Bark,  barking,  baying,  yelp. 

8.  Desperation,  last  resort,  facing  for  life, 
life-and-death  struggle. 

9.  Check,  thwart,  one's  distance. 
Bay,  V.  n.     Bark,  yelp. 

Bay,  V.  a.     Bark  at,  pursue  with  baying. 
BaylWrry,  «.     Wax-myrtle  {Myrica  ceriferd). 
Bay-rum,  «.     Spirit    of    Myrcia    {rum.    distilled 

with  the  leaves  of  Myrcia  acris). 
Bays,  «.  //.     I.   Crown,  garland,  wreath,  chaplet, 

honorary  distinction. 
2.   Renown,    fame,    honors,    plaudits,    glory, 

praise,  applause. 
Bay-salt,  «.    Common  salt  {as  obtained  by  evapo- 
ration of  sea-water'),  chloride  of  sodium. 
Bay-tree,  «.     Bay,  laurel-tree,  sweet  laurel. 
Bazaar,  )  «.     I.   Market-place,  exchange,  market. 
Bazar,    )     mart. 

2.   Fancy  fair,  fair,  charity  fair. 
Be,   V.   n.       \_/n    its   substantive    sense."]      Exist 

(whether  in  fact  or  in  imagination),  subsist,  have 

existence,  have  being. 
Beach,  «.     Strand,   sands,    margin,    marge,    rim, 

shore,  sandy  shore,  shingly  margin. 
Beach,  v.  a.     Run  ashore,  put  aground,  strand. 
Beacon,  «.     I.   Signal-fire. 
2.    Mark,  sign,  signal. 
Beacon,  v.  a.     Illumine,    light,     illuminate,    en- 

Hghten,  guide,  signal. 
Beacon,  v.  «.     Give  light,  signal,   shine,  gleam, 

brighten,  flame. 
Bead,   n.     I.   Globule,     pellet     {perforated  for 

stringing). 

2.  Drop,  droplet,  pearly  drop,  bubble,  blob. 

3.  Moulding,  astragal. 

Bead,  v.  a.     I.    Mould,  decorate  with  a  moulding. 

2.   Deck  with  beads,  raise  into  beads. 
Beadle, «.     I.     Court   crier,    servitor,    apparitor, 
summoner. 

2.  Bedell,  university  mace-carrier. 

3.  Church  servitor,  parish  petty-constable: 


Bead-roll,    «.     Roll  (of  honor),   list,  catalogue, 
roster. 

Beads,  «  pi.     Rosary. 

Beadsman,        )  n.     Intercessor,     pleader,     one's 

Beadswoman,  \      humble     or    obedient    servant, 
one's  to  command,  etc. 

Beagle,  «.     Hare-hound,  harrier  {but  inaccurately 
so  callecT). 

Beak,  «.     I.   Bill,  mandible,  neb. 
2.   Prow,  bow,  stem 

Beaker,  «.  Dnnking-cup,  goblet,  bowl,  cup. 

Beam,  «.     I.    Girder,  piece  of  timber. 

2.  Ray,  pencil,  streak,  gleam.  See  Glim- 
mer. 

Beam,  v.  n.     Shine,    emit    rays,    gleam,    ghsten, 
glitter,  beacon. 

Beam,  v  a.     Shoot  forth,  emit  in  rays  or  beams. 

Beamy,  a.     I.   Radiant,  beaming,  gleaming,  shin- 
ing, glancing. 

2.  Radiant,  joyous,  gladsome,  gladdening, 
sparkling. 

3.  Beam-like,  huge,  ponderous,  sturdy,  thick, 
unwieldy. 

Bear,  v.  a.     I.  Uphold,   support,   sustain,   hold 
up. 

2.  Carry,  transport,  convey,  waft. 

3.  Possess,  have,  hold. 

4.  Endure,  suffer,  undergo,  brook,  tolerate, 
abide,  put  up  with,  bear  with,  take  patiently  or 
easily,  have  patience  with,  submit  to. 

5.  Admit,  permit,  allow,  admit  of,  be  capable 
of 

6.  Maintain,  keep  up,  carry  on. 

7.  Entertain,  cherish,  harbor. 

8.  Be  answerable,  accountable,  or  responsible 
for,  be  charged  with. 

9.  Produce,  yield. 

10.  Bring  forth,  give  birth  to. 

11.  Exhibit,  utter,  show,  give. 
"  •,  V.  n.     I.    Suffer,  submit. 

2.  Press,  push,  be  oppressive. 

3.  Be  fruitful,  be  prolific. 

4.  Act,  take  effect,  operate,  work,  succeed. 

5.  Tend,  relate,  refer,  be  pertinent,  concern, 
affect. 

6.  {Naut.)  Be  situated  {with  respect  to  the 
point  of  compass). 

Bear,  «      I.    Bruin. 

2.  Growler,  grumbler,  snarler,  surly  old  fel- 
low, bundle  of  irritability. 

3.  Speculator  on  a  fall,  depredator  of  the 
market,  growler  down  of  stocks. 

Bearable,  a.     Tolerable,  endurable,  supportable. 
Bear  a  hand.    I.  {Naut.)    Be  quick,  make  haste. 

2.  {Colloq.)    Lend  a  hand,  help,  aid,  assist. 
Beard,  «.     I.   Whiskers,  hirsute  appendage. 

2.   Guard.     See  B.arb. 
Beard,  v.  a.     I.    Seize  or  pluck  by  the  beard,  pull 
one's  beard.     {In  contempt.) 

2.   Defy,  bid  defiance  to,  oppose  to  the  face. 

Bear  date.   Be  dated. 

Bearded,  a.     I.   Whiskered,  wearing  a  beard. 

2.  Barbed,  pointed. 

3.  {Bot.)    Aristate,  awned,  bristled,  bristly. 
Bear  down.     I.  Overcome,  crush,  put  down,  re- 
press. 

2.   Overthrow,  overwhelm,  crush,  overbear- 
Bear    down    upon.     I.    Attack,    assail,    assault, 
charge,  advance  upon,  move  upon,  march  upon, 
march  against,  set  upon,  rush  upon. 

2.   {Naut.)    Sail   toward,  approach,  move  to 
close  quarters  with. 
Bear-grass,  «.     Yucca,   Adam's  needle,   Spanish 

bayonet. 
Bearing,  «.     I.  Deportment,  demeanor,  behavior, 
conduct,  carriage,  mien,  air.  port. 
2.  Relation,  dependency,  connection. 


BEARINGS 


42 


BECALM 


3.  Endurance,  suflfering,  enduring,  patience, 
long-suftering. 

4.  Direction,    course,    aim,   aspect,   point    of 
compass. 

5.  Import,  effect,  force,  meaning,  scope,  com- 
P^ss. 

6.  Producing,  bringing  forth,  yielding  fruit  or 
increase. 

7.  Socket,  bed,  receptacle. 

Beatings,  «.  //.     charges  {in  coats  of  arms). 

Bearish,  a.  Rough,  rude,  coarse,  savage,  boor- 
ish, uncivil,  uncourteous,  discourteous,  impolite, 
ungentlemanly. 

Bear  one's  seli.  Behave,  acquit  one's  self,  con- 
duct one's  self,  deport  one's  self,  demean  one's 
self. 

Bear  out.  Maintain,  support,  defend,  uphold,  jus- 
tify, make  good,  vindicate,  corroborate,  confirm, 
sustain. 

Bear  the  bell.  Be  the  leader,  rank  foremost,  carry 
the  day,  bear  the  palm. 

Bear  the  cross.  Take  up  the  cross,  submit  to  trials 
or  afflictions,  endure  hardness  or  hardship. 

Bear  the  palni.  Excel,  be  superior.  See  Bear 
THE  Bell. 

Bear  Up.     I.  {Active.)    Support,  uphold,  sustain, 
keep  from  falling. 
2.  (Passive.)    Stand  firm,  show  fortitude. 

Bear  with,     bee  Bear,  4. 

Bear  witness.  Testily,  depose,  state,  affirm,  de- 
clare, aver,  avow,  say,  swear. 

Beast,  n.  I.  Quadruped,  beast  of  the  field,  four- 
footed  creature. 

2.  Brute,  irrational  animal. 

3.  Brutal  or   bestial    person,  brute,   savage, 
sensualist,  clod. 

Beastly,  a.  Brutish,  brutal,  bestial,  sensual, 
coarse,  repulsive,  inhuman,  abominable,  vile, 
filthy,  loathsome. 

Beat,  V.  a.  I.  Strike,  knock,  hit,  thump,  be- 
thump,  belabor,  drub,  maul,  pommel,  baste, 
thrash,  thwack,  bang,  whack,  pound,  punch, 
cudgel,  cane,  whip,  bufifet,  lay  blows  upon. 

2.  Hammer,  forge 

3.  Pound,  bruise,  pulverize,  comminute,  bray, 
break  in  pieces. 

4.  Batter,  smite,  pelt,  dash  against 

5.  Conquer,     overcome,     subdue,    vanquish, 
overpower,   defeat,  checkmate. 

6.  {Colloq)     Excel,  surpass,  outdo,  cut  out. 
Beat,  V.  n.     I.  Pulsate,  throb. 

2.  Dash,  strike. 

3,  {Naut.)     Go  against  the  wind,  go  a  zigzag 
course. 

Beat,  n.     I.   Stroke,  striking,  blow, 

2.  Pulsation,  throb,  beating. 

3.  Round,  course. 

Beat  back.     Repulse,  repel,  drive  back. 
Beat  down.     I.   Batter,  overturn,  destroy,  break, 
throw  down. 

2.  Subdue,  overpower,  overcome,  crush,  put 
down. 

3.  Press  down  {by  blows),  lay  flat. 
Beaten,  a.     I.   Worn  by  use,  much  travelled. 

2.  Hackneyed,    trite,     threadbare,     common, 
common-place. 

3.  Defeated,  baffled,  dispirited. 

Beat  hollow.  {Colloq. )  Surpass  completely,  excel 
bevond  all  question,  beat  out-and-out. 

Beatific,  a.  Ravishing,  enchanting,  enrapturing, 
rapturing,  enravishing,  enravished,  raptured,  en- 
raptured, rapturous,  ecstatic,  transporting,  en- 
chanting, enchanted,  transported,  rapt. 

Beatification,   «.      I.    Beatifying   {especially  the 
act  of  the  Po/>e  in  declaring  a  person  happy 
after  death). 
2.  Bliss,  blessedness.    See  Beatitude. 


Beatify,  v.  a.  I.  Enrapture,  rapture,  enchant, 
transport,  enravish,  ravish,  make  happy. 

2.  Pronounce  in  bliss  {by  the  Pope's  official 
act). 

BeatlJlg:,  «.     I.     Striking,      drubbing,      flogging, 
thrashing,  cudgelhng,  pommeihng,  caning,  flag- 
ellation, pounding,  thumping,   basting,    bastina- 
doing. 
2.   Beat,  pulsation,  throb,  throbbing. 

Beat  into.  {Colloq. )  Teach  {by  laborious  effort), 
nistil,  mculcate.  implant. 

Beatitude,  «.  I.  Bliss,  felicity,  blessedness,  bliss- 
fulness,  beatification,  holy  joy,  solemn  ecstasy, 
heavenly  joy,  peace  that  passeth  understandiiig, 
ecstasy  serene. 

2.  Encomium  of  virtue  {by  our  Lord  in  the 
Sermon  on  the  Mount),  declaration  of  blessed- 
ness, blessing  of  the  righteous. 

Be  at  loggerheads.  Have  fallen  out,  be  at  odds, 
be  at  variance,  be  disputing,  quarrelling,  or  fight- 
ing. 

Beat  out.  I.  Flatten  {by  hammering),  atten- 
uate. 

2.  Expand,  amplify,  attenuate,  render  diffuse. 

3.  Exhaust,  overcome  {with  fatigtic). 

Beat  the  air.  Make  vain  efforts,  waste  one's 
efforts,  try  in  vain,  lash  the  waves,  fish  in  the 
air,  plough  the  sands. 

Beau,  n  I.  Fop,  dandy,  coxcomb,  exquisite, 
macaroni,  popinjay,  jackanapes,  jack-a-dandy, 
man  of  dress,  carpet  knight,  ladies'  man. 

2.  Gallant,  lover,  admirer,  suitor,  sweetheart, 
cicisbeo. 

Beau  ideal.  [Fr.]  Ideal  beauty,  ideal  excellence, 
ideal  standard,  ideal,  realized  ideal,  perfection, 
consummation,  consummate  flower. 

Beau-monde,  «.  [Fr.]  Gay  worid,  fashionable 
world,  people  of  fashion,  world  of  fashion,  ele- 
gant world,  people  of  gayety. 

Beauteous,  a.    (Poetical.)    See  Beautiful. 

Beauties,  n.  pi.  I.  Anthology,  selections,  elegant 
extracts,  fine  passages. 

2.  Beautiful  trails,  features,  or  characteristics, 
attractions,  charms. 

3.  Beautiful  women,  belles,  fair  ones. 
Beautiful,  a.      Handsome,     fair,     fine,     elegant, 

graceful,  beauteous. 

Btautify,  v.  a.  Adom,  decorate, embellish,  deck, 
bedeck,  ornament,  emblazon,  gild,  array,  gar- 
nish, grace,  set,  trick  out,  set  off,  make  beautiful. 

Beauty,  «•     I.    Elegance,  grace,  symmetry. 

2.  Comeliness,  seemliness,  fairness,  loveliness, 
attractiveness. 

3.  Fine  part,  special  grace,  particular  excel- 
lence, beautiful  trait,  feature,  or  characteristic, 
attraction,  charm. 

4.  Beautiful  woman,  belle. 
Beaux-eSpritS,  «.  pi.    [Fr.j    Wits,  men  of  wit, 

men  of  genius. 
Beaver,  «.     I.   Fur  of  the  beaver. 

2.  Hat. 

3.  Face-guard  {of  a  helmet),  bever,  bevor. 

Be  beat  out.  Be  exhausted,  be  fagged,  be  worn 
out,  be  tired  out,  be  greatly  fatigued- 

Be  brought  to  bed.  Be  confined,  he  in,  be  in 
child-bed,  be  in  the  straw. 

BecafiCO,  n.  Fig-eater,  fig-pecker,  greater  petty- 
chaps,  garden  warbler,  becafigo,  beccafico  (Syl- 
via hortensis). 

Be  called.  Be  named,  go  by  the  name  of,  take  the 
name  of,  pass  under  the  name  of. 

Becalm,  v.  a.  I.  Quiet,  soothe,  still,  calm,  tran- 
quillize, pacify,  appease,  make  calm,  make  tran- 
quil. 

2.  Detain  by  a  calm  {as  a  ship),  affect,  over- 
take, or  surround  by  a  calm. 


BE  CAST  AWAY 


43 


BEG 


Be  cast  away.  I.  Be  thrown  aside,  be  rejected,  j 
discarded. 

2.  Be  shipwrecked. 

3.  Be  lost  {morally),  ruined,  given  over,  cast 
out,  outcast,  or  reprobate  (d). 

Because,  conj.  For,  since,  as,  for  the  cause  that, 
for  the  reason  tiiat,  on  this  account  that,  inas- 
much as. 

Because  of.  On  account  of,  by  reason  of,  by 
cause  of,  by  virtue  of,  on  the  ground  of,  owing  to, 
due  to,  for,  from,  through,  by. 

Beccabunga,   n.    Brooklime,  broklympe,  veronica. 

Beccamoschino,  «.    Fantail  warbler. 

Bechance,  v.  a.    Befall,  happen  to. 

Becharm,  v.  a.  Charm,  captivate,  enchant,  en- 
chain, fascinate,  cast  a  spell  on. 

Beche-de-mer,  «.  [Fr.]  Trepang,  sea-cucumber, 
sea-slug,  holothuria. 

Beck,  n.  I.  Nod,  bow,  beckon,  knowing  look  or 
gesture,  gesture  of  invitation  or  command. 

2.  Brook,  brooklet,  rill,  run,  runlet,  runnel. 

3.  Vat,  dye-vat,  back. 

Beck,  V.  a.  Beckon,  nod  to,  signal  to  come,  in- 
vite by  signs. 

Beck,  V.  n.  Nod,  beckon,  gesture  invitingly  or 
commandingly. 

Beckon,  v.  n.  Make  a  sign,  give  a  signal,  call  or 
invite  by  gesture. 

Beckon,  v.  a.  Call  by  a  sign  or  signal,  mvite, 
wave  toward  one. 

Becloud,  z^ .  ^.  Dim,  bedim,  obscure,  darken,  be- 
darken,  cloud. 

Become,  v.  «.  Get,  grow,  turn  to,  change  to,  be 
changed  to,  be  converted  mto,  be  turned  into,  be 
transformed  into,  get  to  be,  come  to  be. 

Become,  v.  a.  Suit,  befit,  adorn,  set  off,  be  suit- 
able to,  be  proper  for,  be  appropriate  to. 

Become  of.  Be  the  fate  of,  be  the  end  of,  be  the 
final  condition  of,  befall,  bechance,  happen  to,  be 
the  place  or  whereabouts  of. 

Becoming,  a.     I.    Fit,  proper,  suitable,  meet,  ap- 
propriate, congruous,  right,  seemly,  decorous. 
2.   Comely,  graceful,  neat,  pretty. 

Be  confined.  I.  Be  restrained,  be  shut  up,  be  shut 
in. 

2.  Be  brought  to  bed,  lie  in,  be  in  child-bed, 
be  delivered,  come  to  labor,  be  in  travail,  be  in 
the  straw. 

Bed,  «.  I.  Couch,  berth,  resting-place,  place  to 
sleep  in. 

2.  Channel,  hollow,  depression. 

3.  Receptacle,  resting-place,  foundation,  base, 
support,  underlayer. 

4.  Raised  plot  {of  ground). 

5.  Layer,  stratum,  seam,  vein,  deposit,  accu- 
mulation. 

Bed,  V.  a.     Embed,  set,  lay. 

Bedaut),  v.  a.  Smear,  daub,  besmear,  soil,  daub 
over. 

Bedeck,  v.  a.  Adorn,  decorate,  embellish,  beau- 
tify, ornament,  deck,  emblazon,  gild,  array, 
garnish ,  grace,  bedizen,  set  out,  set  off,  trick  out. 
See  Array. 

Bedew,  v.  a.  Moisten,  wet,  damp,  dampen, 
sprinkle,  besprinkle. 

Bedim,  v.  a.  Darken,  bedarken,  dim,  obscure, 
cloud,  becloud. 

Bedizen,  v.  a.  Adom  {gaudily),  deck,  bedeck, 
trick  out,  begawd,  prank. 

Bedlam,  «.  Madhouse,  lunatic  hospital,  lunatic 
asvlum,  hospital  for  the  insane. 

Bedlamite,  «.  Madman,  lunatic,  maniac,  crazy 
person,  insane  person,  deranged  person. 

Bedotiin,  «.     Nomadic  Arab. 

Bedridden,  a.     Confined  to  bed. 

Beef,  «.     Flesh  of  neat-cattle. 

Bee-house,  n.    Apiary,  beehive- 


Bee-line,  n.  Straight  line,  right  line,  air-line, 
shortest  distance,  most  direct  line. 

Beelzebub,  «.  {Popular  error  for  folloiving 
word- ) 

Beelzebul,  «.  Beelzebub  {popularly),  Satan, 
Prince  of  Demons.     See  Apollvon. 

Bee-moth,  «.     Wax- moth. 

Beetle,  «.     I.   Mallet,  maul. 

2.    Coleopter,    scarabaeus,    scarab,    scarabee, 
clock. 

Beetle,  v.  n.  Protrude,  project,  jut,  jut  out,  hang 
over. 

Beetle-head,  «.     Simpleton,  fool.     See  Dunce. 

Beetle -headed,  a.  Dull,  stupid,  obtuse,  foolish, 
senseless,  witless,  insensible,  sluggish,  stolid, 
mindless,  brainless,  weak-headed,  addle-headed, 
addle-pated,  blunder-headed,  muddle-headed, 
beef-witted,  bovine,  fat-headed,  dull-brained, 
shallow-brained,  lack-witted,  short-witted,  dull- 
witted,  blunt-witted,  shallow-pated,  clod-pated, 
thick-skulled,  wanting,  heavy,  doltish,  sottish, 
blockish,  wooden-headed,  dunderheaded,  bull- 
headed,  slow,  slow  of  apprehension,  void  of  un- 
derstanding. 

Beeves,  «.  //.     Neat-cattle. 

Befall,  V.  a.  Betide,  overtake,  bechance,  happen 
to. 

Befall,  V.  n.  Happen,  chance,  betide,  supervene, 
occur,  take  place,  come  to  pass. 

Befit,  V.  a.  Suit,  fit,  become,  be  suitable  or 
proper  for,  be  appropriate  for,  comport  with,  be 
\\\  keeping  with. 

Befitting,  a.  Becoming,  suitable,  fit,  proper, 
right,  meet,  seemly,  appropriate,  congruous, 
decorous. 

Befog,  V.  a.  I.  Cover  with  fog,  shroud  in  fog, 
wrap  in  mist. 

2.   Confuse,  mystify,  muddle,  obfuscate,   puz- 
zle, perplex,  embarrass,  bewilder. 

Befool,  V.  a.  Infatuate,  fool,  dupe,  deceive,  de- 
lude, cheat,  chouse,  trick,  hoax,  stultify,  hood- 
wink, circumvent,  overreach,  beguile,  impose 
upon,  practise  upon,  play  upon,  make  a  fool  of. 
See  Bamboozle. 

Before,  prep.  I.  Preceding,  in  advance  of,  ahead 
of,  in  front  of,  in  the  van  of. 

2.  Prior  to,  previous  to. 

3.  In  the  presence  of,  face  to  face  with,  in  the 
sight  of. 

4.  Near  the  front  of,  in  front  of. 

5.  Under  the  jurisdiction,  judgment,  control, 
or  notice  of. 

Before,  ad.     I.   Toward  the  front. 

2.  In  advance,  farther  onward,  ahead. 

3.  Formerly,   in  time  past,   of  old,  already, 
previously. 

4.  Hitherto,  up  to  that  time. 

5.  Above,    in   a  former  part,  in    a    previous 
place  or  passage. 

Beforehand,  ad.  Previously,  in  anticipation,  in 
advance. 

Beforehand,  a.  Forehanded,  in  comfortable  cir- 
cumstances {as  respects  property),  well  off,  well 
to  do. 

Before  the  wind.  With  the  wind,  in  the  direction 
of  the  wind. 

Befoul,  V.  a.  Soil,  pollute,  daggle,  draggle,  foul, 
bemire,  dirty.     See  Bedaub. 

Befriend,  v.  a.  Favor,  encourage,  patronize, 
countenance,  help,  aid,  benefit,  act  as  a  friend  to, 
do  a  good  turn  for,  be  kind  to.     See  Assist. 

Beg,  V.  a.  I.  Crave,  solicit,  beseech,  pray,  im- 
plore, supplicate,  conjure,  importune,  petitiori, 
request,  ask,  pray  for,  petition  for,  seek  by  peti- 
tion, sue  for,  ask  earnestly. 

2.   Crave  permission,  solicit  leave,  desire  earn- 
estly, take  leave,  take  the  liberty,  demand. 


BEG 


44 


BELEAGUER 


3.  Assume,  take  for  granted,  assume  without 
proof,  or  without  warrant. 

Beg,  V.  n.     Solicit  charity,  ask  alms. 

Beg:awd,  v.  a.  Bedeck  (tawdrily),  prank.  See 
Bedizen. 

Beget,  V.  a.  I.  Generate,  procreate,  engender, 
breed,  get,  be  the  father  of. 

2.   Produce,  originate,  give  rise  to,   lead  to, 
bnng  about. 

Beggar,  «.     Mendicant,  pauper,  starveling,  poor 

•    or  indigent  person. 

Beggar,  v.  a.  I.  Impoverish,  ruin,  render  poor, 
reduce  to  poverty,  bring  to  want. 

2.   Exhaust,  surpass,  exceed,  baffle,  go  beyond, 
be  above,  put  at  fault,  show  to  be  inadequate. 

Beggarly,  a.  I.  Destitute,  indigent,  needy,  poor. 
2.  Sorry,  mean,  abject,  base,  low,  paltry, 
shabby,  vile,  scurvy,  miserable,  contemptible, 
despicable,  pitiful,  pitiable,  servile,  slavish,  grov- 
elling, mean-spirited,  niggardly,  stingy,  scant, 
wretched,  miserly,  stinted. 

Beggar 'S-lice,  n.  Goose-grass  [Galium,  apa- 
rine). 

Beggary,  «•  Poverty,  indigence,  penury,  destitu- 
tion, want,  distress,  mendicancy,  mendicity. 

Begin,  v.  n.     I.   Originate,  arise,  take  rise. 

2.   Commence,    make   a  beginning,  take    the 
first  step,  break  ground,  break  the  ice. 

Begin,  v.  a.  Commence,  initiate,  inaugurate,  in- 
stitute, originate,  start,  enter  upon,  set  about, 
set  on  foot,  set  in  operation,  set  going. 

Beginner,  n.     I.     Originator,  starter,  author,  in- 
itiator, inaugurator,  prime  mover. 
2.   Tyro,  novice,  learner,  neophyte. 

Beginning,  n.    I.    Commencement,  outset,  open- 
ing,   start,    initiation,    inauguration,     inception, 
rise,  arising,  emergence. 
2.   Origin,  source,  rise. 

Begird,  v.  a.     I.   Gird,  bind  with  a  girdle. 

2.   Surround,    encompass,    environ,    encircle, 
enclose,  engird. 

Begone,   inter j.      I.   Depart,    avaunt,    go    away, 
haste  away,  be  off,  get  thee  gone. 
2.   Away,  let  us  go,  let  us  be  off. 

Begrim,  v-  a.  Defile,  befoul,  besmirch,  bedaub, 
pollute,  cover  with  filth. 

Begrudge,  v.  a.     Grudge,  envy  the  possession  of 

Beguile,  v.  a.  I.  Delude,  cheat,  deceive.  See 
Befool. 

2.   Divert,    amuse,    entertain,    cheer,    solace, 
while  away. 

Behalf,  «.  Benefit,  advantage,  convenience, 
profit,  interest,  account,  behoof,  support,  de- 
fence. 

Be  hanged.     Come  to  the  gallows. 

Behave,  v.  n.  Act,  conduct  one's  self,  deport 
one's  self,  demean  one's  self,  acquit  one's  self, 
behave  one's  self. 

Behave  one's  self .    I.  See  Bhhave. 

2.   Do  right,  avoid  doing  wrong,  keep  orderly, 
conduct  one's  self  well. 

Behavior,  n.  Deportment,  bearing,  demeanor,  car- 
riage, manner,  mien,  air,  port.     See  Conduct. 

Behead,  v.  a.  Decapitate,  decollate,  deprive  of 
the  head. 

Beheading,  n.    Decapitation,  decollation. 

Behest,  n.  Command,  commandment,  mandate, 
order,  precept,  injunction,  direction,  charge,  bid- 
ding, best. 

Behind, /rc?>.     I.  Abaft,  at    the  back  of,  in  the 
rear  of. 
2.   After,  following. 

Behind,  ad.     I.   Backward,  back. 

2.  Abaft,  aft,  astern,  rearward,  in  the  rear,  at 
the  back. 

Behindhand,  a.  I.  Backward,  late,  tardy,  after 
the  usual  time,  behind  time,  too  late. 


2.  In  arrears  {with  work),  behind  time,  not 
well  enough  advanced,  in  a  backward  state,  not 
in  a  forward  state,  behind  one's  dues,  not  up. 

3.  In  arrears  {as  to  money),  burdened  with 
liabilities,  in  debt,  embarrassed. 

Behind  the  curtain.  I.  Hid,  invisible,  con- 
cealed, m  concealment,  out   of  sight. 

2.  In  the  secret,  let  into  the  secret,  ac- 
quainted with  the  inner  mechanism  or  motives, 
behind  the  scenes. 

Behind  the  scenes.  See  under  2,  preceding. 

Behind  the  veil.  I.  Hid  from  mortal  vision,  be- 
yond our  (or  mortal)  ken,  in  the  other  world, 
beyond  the  veil,  beyond  the  grave,  in  the  eternal 
world,  in  the  realms  beyond  sense,  in  the  super- 
sensible regions. 

2.  Into  the  eternal  secret,  into  that  which  is 
hidden,  into  the  mystery  of  the  other  world,  into 
the  supreme  mystery,  within  the  veil,  into  the 
realms  supersensible. 

Behold,  V.  a.  See,  observe,  contemplate,  eye,  sur- 
vey, consider,  regard,  view,  descry,  discern,  look 
upon,  set  one's  eyes  on. 

Behold,  interj.     See,  look,  observe,  mark,  lo. 

Beholden,   a.      I.   Obliged,   indebted,   bound,   in 
debt,  obligated,  under  obligation. 
2.   Obliged,  grateful,  thankful,  devoted. 

Beholder,  «.  Observer,  spectator,  looker-on,  by- 
stander, witness. 

Behoof,  n.  Advantage,  benefit,  profit,  interest, 
account.     See  Behalf. 

Behoove,  v.  a.  I.  Become,  befit,  beseem,  be  fit 
for,  be  proper  for,  be  meet  for. 

2.  Be  necessary  or  needful  for,  be  binding  or 
obligatory  on,  be  one's  duty. 

Be  in  earnest.  Be  serious,  be  thorough,  be 
thoroughgoing,  be  resolute  or  determined,  be  not 
jesting. 

Being,  «.  I.  Existence,  subsistence,  reality,  actu- 
ality. 

2.  Essence,  essential  being,  inmost  nature, 
substance,  inner  reality,  life,  vital  principle,  root, 
core,  heart,  centre  of  life. 

3.  Sentient,  conscious,  or  personal  agent,  liv- 
ing thing,  creature,  living  being. 

Be  in  the  ascendant.  Have  superior  influence, 
have  commanding  influence. 

Be  in  the  wrong  box.  Mistake,  err,  make  a  mis- 
take.    See  Bark  up  the  Wrong  Tree. 

Be  it  so.    I.   Suppose  It  to  be  so,  granted,  grant  it, 
admit  it. 
2.  Amen,  so  be  it,  let  it  be  so. 

Belabor,  v.  a.  Thump,  bethump,  strike,  knock, 
lay  blows  upon.     See  Beat. 

Belate,  v.  a.  I,  Delay,  retard,  render  tardy, 
make  too  late. 

2.  Delay  into  night,  benight,  cover  with  dark- 
ness or  night. 

Belated,  a.  I.  De.layed.retarded,  hindered,  made 
late. 

2.  Overtaken  by  night,  out  late  in  the  night, 
overtaken  by  darkness,  caught  in  or  by  the  dark. 

Belaud,  v.  a.  Overland,  overpraise,  cover  with 
laudations,  load  with  praises,  praise  lavishly. 

Belay,  v.  a.  {Naut.)     Fasten,  make  fast. 

Belch,  zu  a.  I.  Eject  from  the  stomach,  throw 
up,  eject,  vomit,  expel. 

2.  Throw  out  violently,  cast  forth,  discharge, 
emit,  vomit,  eject,  expel,  hurl  forth. 

Belch,  V.  n.  I.  Eructate,  eject  wind  from  the 
stomach. 

2.   Be  ejected  \-iolently,  rush  forth,  gush. 

Belching,  «.  Eructation. 

Beldam,    )  «.     Hag,  Jezebel,  virago,  vixen,  fury. 

Beldame,  J     old  hag. 

Beleaguer,  v.  a.  I.  Besiege,  invest,  beset,  block- 
ade, lay  siege  to. 


BEL-ESPRIT 


45 


BENEATH 


2.  Beset,    encompass,    encumber,    block   up, 

environ,  surround,  obstruct. 
Bel-esprit,  «.   [Fr.  f>L  Beaux  esprits.\  Wit,  man 

of  wit,  man  of  genius. 
Beliry,  «.     Campanile,  bell-tower. 
Belial,  «.     Satan.     See  Apollyon. 
Belie,  v.  a.     I,    Falsify,  misrepresent,  represent 

falsely. 

2.  Give  the  lie  to,  convict  of  falsehood,  show 
to  be  false,  charge  with  falsehood. 

3.  Contradict,  controvert,  go  counter  or  con- 
trary to. 

4.  Load  with  lies,  lie  about,  slander,  calum- 
niate. 

Belief,  «.  I.  Believing  {tJie  active  phase  of  the 
/act),  persuasion,  conviction,  confidence,  trust, 
reliance,  assurance,  feeling  of  certainty.  See 
Faith. 

2.  Being  believed  {thg  passive  phase),  cre- 
dence, credit,  acceptance,  assent,  currency. 

3.  Creed  {the  thing  or  things  believed),  doc- 
trine, tenet  or  tenets,  dogma,  opinion,  view, 
article  of  faith,  profession  of  faith. 

Believe,  v.  a.  Credit,  give  credit  to,  think  to  be 
true,  give  fahh  to,  put  faith  in,  rely  upon,  make 
no  doubt  of,  put  confidence  in,  be  persuaded, 
convinced,  confident,  or  sure  of,  assent  to,  trust, 
confide  in. 

Believe,  v.  n.  I.  Exercise  faith,  have  faith,  have 
a  firm  persuasion. 

2.  Think,  suppose,  conceive,  fancy,  appre- 
hend, imagine,  hold,  be  of  opinion,  entertain  the 
idea,  take  it.     See  Opine. 

Believe  in.  I.  Trust,  have  confidence  in,  place 
reliance  on. 

2.  Be  convinced  of,  be  for,  be  in  favor  of,  ap- 
prove of,  go  in  for. 

Belike,  ad.  (Collog.)  Probably,  perhaps,  per- 
chance, peradventure,  mayhap,  it  may  be,  it  is 
likely. 

Belladonna,  «.  Banewort,  dwale,  deadly  night- 
shade (/4^r£>;)«  belladonna). 

Belle,  n.     Beauty,  toast,  fair  damsel. 

Belles-lettres,  «.  //.  [Fr.]  Polite  literature,  ele- 
gant literature,  polite  letters,  elegant  letters,  the 
humanities. 

Belligerent,  a.  I.  Carrj-lng  on  war,  engaged  in 
war,  waging  war,  contending,  in  conflict,  at  war, 
in  arms. 

2.  Of  belligerents,  pertaining  to  parties  at 
war. 

3.  Antagonistic,  rival,  contending,  hostile, 
conflicting,  opposed,  adverse. 

4.  Warlike,   hostile. 

5.  Bellicose,  pugnacious,  contentious,  quarrel- 
some, full  of  fight. 

Belligerent,  «.  Belligerent  state  or  nation,  party 
to  war,  contending  party,  antagonist,  rival,  com- 
batant, opponent. 

Bellow,  V.  n.     I.    Roar  (as  a  beast). 

2.  Vociferate,  clamor,  yell,  howl,  cry,  bawl, 
make  a  loud  outcry. 

Bsll-pspper,  «.  Red  pepper,  Guinea  pepper 
(Capsicufn  annuum.  Capsicum  grossum). 

Bell-shaped,  a.    (Bot.)    Campanulate. 

Belly,  n.     I.    Abdomen,  paunch. 

2.  Convexity,  swell,  swelling,  bulge,  protub- 
erance. 

3.  Concavity,  hollow,  deep,  depth  or  depths, 
recesses,  womb,  bosom,  bowels,  cave,  cavernous 
depths,  penetralia. 

Belly,  V.  a.  Inflate,  swell  out,  fill,  round,  round 
out. 

Belly,  V.  n.  Swell,  swell  out,  protrude,  be  pro- 
tuberant. 

Belonging,  n.  I.  Endowment,  attribute,  quality, 
gift. 


2.  Property,  goods  and  chattels,  estate,  pos- 
session . 

3.  Appendage,  appurtenance,  appliance,  ac- 
cessory {which  see). 

Beicns:  to.  I.  Be  the  property  of,  be  possessed  by, 
be  owned  by. 

2.  Bean  attribute  <7r  quality  or  characteristic 
or  mark  of,  characterize,  pertain  or  appertain  to, 
inhere  in,  be  the  prerogative  or  right  of,  be  the 
privilege  of. 

3.  Regard,  relate  to,  refer  to,  have  reference 
to. 

4.  Be  appendant  to,  constitute  a  part  of,  be 
connected  with. 

5.  Behoove,  concern,  be  incumbent  on,  be  the 
duty  of,  devolve  on,  be  the  business  or  concern 
of. 

6.  Be  domiciled  in,  live  in,  come  from,  have 
one's  legal  home  in,  reside  in,  inhabit. 

7.  Originate  in,  spring  from,  come  from,  be 
native  of. 

Belong  with.    Go  with,  should  be  appended  to  or 

joined  with,  be  designed  to  be  connected  with. 
Beloved,  a.     Dear,  darling,  much  loved. 
Below,  Prep.     I.  Under,  beneath,  underneath. 

2.   Unbecoming,  unworthy  of. 
Below,  ad.     I.   Under,  beneath,  underneath. 

2.  On  the  earth,  in  this  world,  in  the  present 
life,  in  time,  in  the  world  of  sense. 

3.  In  hell,  in  the  lower  regions,  in  the  under 
world,  among  the  shades,  in  the  world  of  the 
departed,  in  the  regions  of  the  dead. 

Belt,  n.  I.  Girdle,  cincture,  cestus,  band,  zone, 
girth. 

2.  Strip,  zone,  stretch,  long  and  narrow  piece 
or  region. 

3.  Constraint,  restraint,  check. 

Bemire,  v.  a.  Daggle,  draggle,  bedaggle,  be- 
draggle, besmirch,  mire,  muddy,  befoul,  foul, 
dirty,  soil. 

Bemoan,  v.  a.  Bewail,  lament,  deplore,  moan 
over,  mourn  over,  express  sorrow  for. 

Bemused,  a.  Stupefied,  confused,  bewildered, 
muddled,  muzzy,  tipsy,  haif-seas-over,  haif- 
drunk. 

Bench,  n.     I.   Long  seat,  seat,  form. 

2.  Work-bench. 

3.  \}N\\\\  The.\    Judge's  seat,  woolsack. 

4.  Court,  tribunal,  body  of  judges,  rank  of  a 
judge. 

Bend,  v  a.  I.  Curve,  crook,  bow,  incurvate, 
flex,  make  crooked,  deflect,  draw. 

2.  Direct,  turn,  incline. 

3.  Exert,  apply  {earnestly),  direct  {atten- 
tively ). 

4.  {Usually  in  the  passive. '\  Incline,  deter- 
mine, resolve,  set. 

5.  Subdue,  cause  to  yield,  bring  to  submis- 
sion, make  submissive,  persuade,  influence, 
mould,  dispose,  bias. 

6.  {Naut.)     Fasten,  make  fast. 

Bend,  v.  n.  I.  Crook  deflect,  deviate,  swerve, 
diverge,  incline,  be  crooked,  be  bent,  be  curved. 

2.  Lean,  incline,  turn,  deflect,  deviate,  di- 
verge. 

3.  Overhang,  jut  out,  jut,  beetle. 

4.  Bow,  stoop,  lower  or  lour,  hang  low. 

5.  Yield,  submit,  bow,  stoop,  kneel,  give  way. 

6.  Condescend,  stoop,  deign,  be  gracious. 
Bend,  n.      I.   Curve,  curvify,   curvature,   flexure, 

angle,  elbow,  crook,  incurvation,  turn,  turning, 
arcuation. 
2.    Bight,  coil. 
Beneath,  prep.     I.   Under,  underneath,  below. 
2.   Unbecoming,     unbefitting,    unworthy    o^ 
below  the  level  of. 
Beneath,  ad.    See  Below,  ad. 


BENEDICK 


46 


BESMEAR 


Benedict '  1  ^'    ^^^^y  married  man,  neogamist 
Benedictine,  n.    Blackfriar. 

Benediction,  n.  I.  Blessing,  benison,  invocation 
of  happiness,  beatitude. 

2.  Gratitude,  thanks,  thanksgiving,  devout 
praise. 

3.  Benefit,  blessing,  grace,  favor,  boon,  beni- 
son, beatitude. 

Benefaction,  n.  Gift,  donation,  gratuity,  grant, 
offering,  contribution,  boon,  present,  alms, 
charity. 

Benefactor,  «.  I.  Succorer,  well-doer,  savior, 
beneficent  friend. 

2.  Patron,  favorer,  supporter,  upholder,  con- 
tributor, friend. 

Benefice,  «.     Ecclesiastical  living. 

Beneficence,  n.  Charity,  bounty,  liberality,  gen- 
erosity, alms-giving,  active  goodness,  kind  ac- 
tion, doing  of  good. 

Beneficent,  a.  I.  Bountiful,  benevolent,  kind, 
liberal,  generous,  bounteous,  princely,  munifi- 
cent. 

2.  Benign,  favorable,  beneficial,  benignant, 
salutary. 

Beneficial,  a.  Useful,  profitable,  advantageous, 
helpful,  serviceable,  salutary,  wholesome,  favora- 
ble, good  for  one's  advantage,  for  one's  good, 
for  one's  interest. 

Benefit,  n.  I.  Favor,  service,  act  of  kindness, 
good  turn,  kind  office, 

2.  Advantage,  profit,  avail,  gain,  good,  utility, 
behalf,  behoof,  account,  interest. 

Benefit,  v.  a.     I,    Befriend,  help,  serve,  do  good 
to,  be  useful  to,  advance  the  interest  of,  confer  a 
favor  on,  do  a  good  turn  or  kind  office  to. 
2.   Profit,  advantage,  avail,  be  of  advantage  to. 

Benevolence,  «.  I.  Kindness,  benignity,  kind- 
heartedness,  humanity,  humaneness,  philan- 
thropy, tenderness,  charitableness,  good-will, 
altruism,  unselfishness,  disposition  to  do  good, 
milk  of  human  kindness. 

2.  Charity,  benefaction,  beneficence,  alms- 
giving, charitable  effort  (s). 

Benevolent,  a.  Kind,  benignant,  benign,  kind- 
hearted,  obliging,  humane,  tender,  charitable, 
generous,  lib'eittl,-~philanthropic,  altruistic,  unsel- 
fish, disposeti  to  do  gOod,  full  of  good-will. 

Benighted,  a.  I.  Overtaken  by  night,  belated, 
out  in  the  dark. 

2.  Involved  in  darkness,  profoundly  ignorant, 
sunk  in  ignorance,  unenlightened. 

Benign,  a.  I.  Kind,  kindly,  benevolent,  gra- 
cious, complaisant,  humane,  obliging,  benignant, 
good,  amiable,  gentle,  friendly,  kind-hearted, 
tender-hearted,  of  a  gentle  disposition. 

2.  Beneficent,  most  salutary,  most  propitious, 
most  favorable,  benignant,  most  wholesome, 
most  beneficial. 

3.  {Med.)    Mild,  of  a  mild  nature. 

Benignant,  a.    Kind.     See  Benign. 

Benignity,  «.  I.  Kindness,  graciousness,  benev- 
olence, complaisance,  humanity,  amiability,  gen- 
tleness, amenity,  friendliness,  kind-heartedness, 
fellow-feeling,  good  feeling,  good-humor,  good 
temper,  obliging  manner. 

2.   (Rare.)    Mildness. 

Benison, ».     Blessing.     See  Benediction. 

Benne,  n.  Sesame,  oil-plant,  tilseed,  vangloe, 
bene. 

Bent,  «.  I.  Disposition,  inclination,  tendency, 
turn,  penchant^  learning,  bias,  propensity,  pro- 
clivity, predisposition,  predilection,  partiality, 
liking,  fondness,  proneness,  appetency. 

2.  Bent-grass,  wiry  grass,  agrostis. 

3.  Dried  reed,  stalk. 

4.  Wild  land,  hill,  moor,  wild. 


Bent,  a.  Crooked,  hooked,  bowed,  curved,  flexed, 
deflected,  aduncous,  arcuate,  incurvate. 

Bent  on.  Resolved,  determined,  fixed,  or  set 
on. 

Benumb,  v.  a.  Stupefy,  paralyze,  deaden,  blunt, 
make  torpid,  render  insensible. 

Benzoin,    I  «.     Gumbenjamin,     benjamin,    friar's 

Benzoine,  J     balsam. 

Benzole,  n.^   Benzolin  (e),  benzine,  benzene. 

Be  of  opinion.    Think,    believe,  conclude,   judge, 

suppose,  imagine,  fancy,  apprehend,  deem,  ween, 

opme,  hold,  methinks,  entertain  the  idea,  take  it. 
Be  on  the  carpet.     Be  under  consideration,  be  upon 

the  tapis. 
Bepraise,  v.  a.     Puff,  overpraise.     See  Belaud. 
Bequeath,  v.  a.     I.   Leave,   demise,  devise,  will, 

give  by  will. 
2.   Transmit,  hand  down,  impart. 
Bequest,  «.     Legacy,  devise. 
Berate,  v.  a.    I.    Scold,  chide,  reprimand,  rate. 
2.   Abuse,    vilify,   defame,  betongue,   rail   at. 

See  Asperse. 
Bereave,   v.    a.     I.    Deprive   (pf  something  that 

cannot  be  restored),  dispossess,  rob,  divest,  strip, 

despoil,  spoil,  take  away  from,  make  destitute  of. 
2.   Deprive  of  friend  or  kindred,  afflict   with 

personal  loss,  render  lorn. 
Bereaved,  /.and  a-   Deprived  of  friend  or  kindred, 

desolate,  lorn. 
Bereavement,  «.     Deprivation,  loss  {especially  of 

friends  by  death). 
Bereft,  /.   and  a.    Stripped,   deprived,   destitute, 

despoiled. 
Bernardine,  «.     Cistercian. 
Berth,  «.     {Naut.)    I.   Ship's  station. 

2.  Bed,  place  to  sleep  in. 

3.  Situation,  office,  post,  appointment,  em- 
ployment, place. 

Beseech,  v.  a.  I.  Entreat,  beg,  implore,  suppli- 
cate, petition,  conjure,  importune,  pray  to.  See 
Adjure. 

2.  Solicit,  ask,  entreat,  beg,  implore,  impor- 
tune, plead  for,  crave,  petition  for,  pray  for,  beg 
for. 

Beseem,  v.  a.  Become,  befit,  behoove,  be  proper 
for,  be  appropriate  for,  be  meet  for. 

Be  seized  of.  Possess,  have  possession  of,  be  pos- 
sessed of. 

Be  selfish.  Consult  one's  own  wishes,  interest,  or 
pleasure,  take  care  of,  or  look  out  for,  number 
one,  have  an  eye  to  the  main  chance. 

Beset,  V.  a.  I.  Surround,  encompa.ss,  environ, 
encircle,  enclose,  besiege,  hem  m.  See  Be- 
leaguer. 

2.  Embarrass,  perplex,  entangle. 

3.  Set,  bestud,  bestick,  set  about,  engirdle, 
encircle,  decorate,  ornament,  embellish,  garnish. 

Beshrew,  v.  a.  Execrate,  curse,  wish  evil  to,  im- 
plore a  curse  upon. 

'Be^iCf  prep.  I.  Near,  close  to,  at  the  side  of,  by 
the  side  of. 

2.  Aside  from,  out  of  the  way  of,  out  of  the 
course  of,  not  according  to. 

3.  Out  of,  not  in  possession  of. 

Besides, /r^/.  Except,  save,  over  and  above,  in 
addition  to,  distinct  from. 

Besides,  (  ad.     I.     Moreover,   too,  also,  further- 

Beside,  )  more,  more  than  that,  over  and 
above,  in  addition,  yet. 

2.  Else,  more,  further,  beyond  that,  in  addi- 
tion. 

Besiege,  v-  a.  Surround  {with  a  military  force), 
beset,  invest,  lay  siege  to.     See  Beleaguer. 

Besmear,  v.  a.  I.  Bedaub,  daub,  smear,  be- 
spatter, beplaster,  besllme,  daub  over. 

2.  Defile,  soil,  foul,  befoul,  besmirch,  pollute, 
contaminate. 


BESOT 


47 


BEYOND 


Besot*  V.  a.     I.    Intoxicate,  steep,   drench,  soak. 

2.  Stupefy,    make   sottish,    make    foolidh    »r 
stupid. 

3.  Infatuate,   stultify,  befool,  intoxicate,  de- 
lude. 

Bespatter,  v.  a.     Spatter  {usually  with  somethi7ig 

filthy),  bedaub.     See  Besmear. 
Bespeak,  v.  a.     I.   Order,   speak  for  beforehand, 

engage. 

2.  Solicit,  speak  for. 

3.  Address,  speak  to,  accost, 

4.  Indicate,  imply,  proclaim,  declare,  betoken, 
evince,  show. 

Besprinkle,  v.  a.  Sprinkle,  bedew,  bestrew, 
sprinkle  over,  scatter  over,  cover  with  drops  or 
spray. 

Best,  a.  I.  Most  good,  rnost  excellent,  superla- 
tively good,  good  in  the  highest  degree. 

2.    Most  wise,  most  judicious,  most  expedient, 
See  the  various  meanings  of  Good. 

Best,  ad.  I.  Most  of  ail,  in  the  highest  degree, 
beyond  all  others. 

2.  With  most   propriety,    most   profitably   or 
advantageously,  to  the  greatest  advantage. 

3.  Most    intimately,   most    thoroughly,    most 
completely. 

4.  With  the  highest  qualification,  by  the  clear- 
est title. 

Best*  «.     I.    Highest    perfection,    highest   good, 

greatest  good. 
_  2.   Utmost,  highest  endeavor,  whatever  in  one 

lies,  all  that  one  can,  the  most  that  can  be  done. 
Bestial,  a.    I.   Beastlike,  brutal,  brutelike,  brute, 

irrational 
2.    Beastly,  brutal,  brutish,  vile,  low,  depraved, 

degraded,  degrading,  sensual. 
Besm-  one's  self.     Labor,  work,  toil,  strive,   be 

alert,  hasten,  lose  no  time,  be  lively,  look  alive, 

fall   to   work,  exert  one's  self,  rouse  one's  self, 

trouble  one's  self,  busy  ones  self,  take  pains,  be 

busy,  be  active,  be  quick,  bear  a  hand. 
Bestow,  V.  a.     I.    Put,  place,  stow,  store,  deposit, 

dispose,  lay  away,  lay  up  in  store. 
2.   Give,  accord,  grant,  impart.     See  Confer. 
Bestowal,  \    «.     I.    Putting,  placing,  stowing, 

Bestowinj,       >      stowage,    storing,   storage,    dis- 
Bestowment,  )     posing. 

2.   Giving,  grant,  granting,  imparting,  imparta- 

tion,  conferring. 
Bestower,   n.     Giver,  disposer,  donor  {law\  do- 

nator. 
Bestrew,  v.  a.     Strew,  sprinkle,  scatter,  bescatter, 

besprinkle,  spread,  bespread. 
Bestride,  7'.  a.     I.   Straddle,  stride  over. 

2.  Ride  astraddle  upon. 

3.  Bespan,  arch  over. 

4.  Overrule,  rule  over,  dominate,  overmaster, 
control,  weigh  upon,  overawe. 

Bet,  n.     Wae;er,  stake. 

Bet,  V.  «.    Wager,  lay  a  wager,  make  a  bet. 

Bat,  V.  a.    Stake,  pledge,  wager,  lay,  wage. 

Betake  one's  self.  Resort,  repair,  apply,  have  re- 
course. 

Bethink  one's  self.  Consider,  reflect,  ponder, 
rouse  one's  thoughts,  take  thought. 

Betide,  v.  a.  Befall,  overtake,  bechance,  happen 
to,  come  to. 

Betide,  v.  n.  Happen,  befall,  bechance,  come  to 
pass,  occur,  take  place. 

Bedme,    |  ad.     Seasonably,  in  season,  in  good  sea- 

Betimes,  \  son,  in  time,  in  good  time,  before  it 
is  too  late,  early,  soon. 

Betoken,  v.  a.  I.  Signify,  denote,  indicate,  rep- 
resent, typify,  imply,  prove,  evince,  show,  argue, 
betray. 

2.   Prefigure,  foreshow,    foreshadow,    foretell, 
presage,  portend,  augur,  presignify. 


Betray,  v  a.  I.  Deliver  up  {by  breach  of  trusf)^ 
give  up  treacherously,  give  over  to  the  foe. 

2.  Violate,  break,  prove  recreant  to,  let  perish, 
be  false  to. 

3.  Violate  the  confidence  of,  disclose  the 
secrets  of,  deceive  by  treachery 

4.  Divulge,  reveal,  discover,  expose,  tell,  blab, 
show,  make  known. 

5.  Display,  exhibit,  manifest,  show,  indicate, 
imply,  betoken,  argue,  evince,  expose,  reveal, 
uncover. 

6.  Mislead,  lure,  ensnare,  entrap,  beguile,  de- 
lude, inveigle. 

7.  Seduce,  ruin,  corrupt,  undo,  lead  astray. 
Betroth,   v.  a.     Affiance,   plight,   pledge    in  mar- 
riage, engage  to  marry. 

Betrothal,        J  «.     Engagement,  betrothing,  affi- 
Betrothment,  j      ancing,  plighting. 
Better,  a.     I.    More  good,   more  excellent,  good 
in  a  higher  degree. 

2.  More  useful,  more  valuable. 

3.  Preferable,  more  desirable,  more  acceptable. 

4.  More  fit,  more  appropriate,  more  suitable. 

5.  Improved  in  health,  less  ill. 

6.  More  familiar,  more  intimate.  See  various 
meanings  of  Good. 

Better,  «.  I.  Superiority,  advantage,  victory, 
upper  hand. 

2.  Improvement,  greater  good. 

3.  Superior. 

4.  Bettor,  wagerer,  taker  of  odds. 

Better,  ad.  I.  In  a  superior  manner,  in  a  more 
excellent  way,  more  fully,  more  completely. 

2.  With  greater  advantage,  more  usefully  or 
profitably. 

3.  More,  in  a  higher  degree. 

Better,  v.  a.  Improve,  amend,  emend,  meliorate, 
ameliorate,  reform,  correct,  rectify,  advance,  pro- 
mote, make  or  render  better. 

Better,  v.  «.  Grow,  get,  or  become  better,  im- 
prove, advance,  mend,  come  up. 

Better-half ,  «.   {Coiioq.)    Wife. 

Bettering,  «.  Improvement,  amendment,  melio- 
ration, amelioration,  betterment. 

Between,  /r<?/.     Betwixt. 

Betwixt, /r<r/.  {Nearly  obsolete].     Between. 

Be  Upon  the  tapis.  Be  under  consideration,  be  on 
the  carpet. 

Bevel,  n.     Chamfer,  slope,  inclination. 

Bevel,  V,  a.     Chamfer. 

Beverage,  «.     Drink,  potion. 

Bevy,  n.     I.    Flock,  covey,  swarm,  flight. 

2.  Company  {especially  of  women\  group, 
throng,  flock,  party. 

Bewail,  v.  a.  Bemoan,  lament,  deplore,  rue, 
grieve  for  or  over,  mourn  for,  mourn  over,  ex- 
press sorrow  for. 

Bewail,  v.  «.  Mourn,  moan,  lament,  sorrow, 
grieve. 

Beware,  v.  n.  Mind,  take  care,  be  cautious,  be 
wary,  be  careful,  look  out. 

Bewilder,  v.  a.  Perplex,  confound,  confuse,  em- 
barrass, puzzle,  stagt;er,  pose,  nonpkiss,  mystify, 
entangle,  daze,  befog,  muddle,  bemuddle. 

Bewilderment,  «.  Perplexity,  embarrassment, 
confusion,  entanglement,  mystification,  daze, 
maze,  muddle. 

Bewitch,  v.  a.  Charm,  fascinate,  enchant,  cap- 
tivate, transport,  enravish,  enrapture,  entrance. 

Be  with  child.  Be  pregnant,  be  big,  be  on  the  in- 
crease, be  enceinte,  be  in  the  family  way. 

Beyond,  prep.  I.  On  the  farther  side  of,  over, 
across,  on  the  other  side  of. 

2.  Before,  at  a  distance  before. 

3.  Remote  from,  out  of  the  reach  of,  out  of  the 
grasp  of. 

4.  Farther  than. 


BEYOND 


48 


BILLINGSGATE 


S.  Above,  superior  to,  exceeding,  in  advance 
of. 

Beyond,  ad.     Yonder,  at  a  distance 

Bezonian,  «.  Beggar,  wretch,  pauper,  tatterde- 
malion, ragamuf&u,  vagabond,  scrub,  sans  culotte, 
Pariah. 

5r?~^'  /  n.     I.    Indian  hemp  {Cannabis  Indica). 
I^ll    {         2.   Hashish  (or  hasheesh). 

Bias,  n.  IncHnation,  bent,  leaning,  tendency,  pre- 
dilection, prepossession,  proclivity,  proneness, 
propensity,  partiality,  prejudice  disposition,  pre- 
disposition, turn,  penchant. 

Bias,  V.  a.  Influence,  incline,  prejudice,  dispose, 
predispose,  bend. 

Bible,  n.  [Used  with  The  prefixed.]  The  Scrip- 
tures, the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  the  sacred 
volume,  the  Book  of  books,  the  Word  of 
God. 

Biblical,  a.     Scriptural. 

Bibliography,  «.  I.  History  of  editions,  history 
of  publications. 

2.  Literature  {of  a  given  subject),  pertinent 
or  relevant  literature. 

BibUcmania,  «.     Book-madness,  bibliomany. 

Bibliopole,  «.     Bookseller,  bibliopohst. 

Bibliotbeca,  n.  Library,  collection  of  books,  bib- 
liotheke. 

Bibliotbecal,  a.  Of  a  library,  pertaining  to  a 
library. 

Bibulous,  a.  I.  Spongy,  porous,  absorbent,  im- 
bibing. 

2.  Drinking,  intemperate,  tippling,  fond  of 
drink,  cup-loving,  soaking. 

Bicephalous,  a.  I.  Bicipital,  bicipitous,  two- 
headed,  double-headed. 

2.  {Aftat.)  Double-attached,  bicipital,  bicipi- 
tous, bicepsj  with  two  origins. 

Bichloride  of  mercury.     Corrosive  sublimate. 

Bicker,  v  n.  I.  Wrangle,  dispute,  quarrel, 
spar,  spat,  jangle,  squabble,  have  words,  have 
an  altercation. 

2.  Quiver,  tremble,  vibrate,  play,  be  tremu- 
lous. 

3.  Clatter,  rattle,  clash. 

Bickering,  «.  Dispute,  quarrel,  wrangle,  wran- 
gling, jangle,  jarring,  jangling,  sparring,  alterca- 
tion, dissension,  contention,  strife,  war  of  words. 

Bicorn, 

Bicorned, 

Bicornous, 

Bicuspid,        )  a.     Two-pointed,  two-fanged,   two- 

Bicuspidate,  )      pronged,  double-pronged. 

Bid,  n.    Offer  (of  a  price).,  bidding,  proposal. 

Bid,  z'  a.  I.  Command,  order,  require,  charge, 
enjoin,  direct,  summon. 

2.  Invite,  ask,  request,  call,  solicit,  pray. 

3.  Wish,  greet,  say. 

4.  Offer,  propose,  proffer,  tender. 
Bidding,    n.    I.    Command,   order,   direction,   in- 
junction, precept,  behest,  requisition,  mandate, 
appointment. 

2.   Offer  (^a/rzV^),  bid,  proposal. 
Biddy,  «.    I.  Housemaid,  domestic,  maid,  servant- 
girl. 
2.   Chicken,  chick,  chickabiddy. 
Bide,  V.  a.     1.    Endure,  suffer,  tolerate,  bear,  put 
up  with,  submit  to,  abide. 
2.  Abide,  await,  wait  for. 
Bide,  V.  n.      I.   Dwell,  abide,  stay,  have   one's 
home. 
2.    Remain,  abide,  wait,  stay,  lie  still. 
Bidental,  a.     Two-toothed,  bidentate,  bidentated, 

bidented,  bidential. 
Bid  fair.      Promise,   seem  likely,   offer    a    good 
prospect,  present  a  fair  prospect,  make  a  fair 
promise. 


a.    Two-horned,  crescented,  crescent- 
shaped,  crescentic,  bicorn ute. 


Bifid,  a     Cloven,  cleft,  forked,  bifurcate  (d),  bifi- 

date(d). 
Bilurcate,    \a.      Forked,       two-pronged,      two- 
Blfurcated,  )        branched,  bifurcous. 
Biiurcation,  «.      I'orking,   brandling,  diverging, 

divergence. 
Big,  a.     I,    Great,  large,  huge,  bulky,  massive, 

massy. 

2.  Haughty,  arrogant,  proud,  pompous,  im- 
portant, swelling,  swollen,  tumid,  infiated,  boast- 
ful, lofty,  bombastic,  blustering,  assuming,  self- 
conceited,  self-sufficient. 

3.  Distended,  swollen,  inflated,  tumid,  full. 

4.  Pregnant,  enceinte,  with  child,  in  the  fam- 
ily way,  on  the  increase. 

5.  Full,  teeming,  fecund,  fruitful,  productive. 
Big-bellied,  a.     Large-bellied,  great-bellied,  pot- 
bellied, tun-bellied,  abdominous,  paunchy. 

Bight,  n.     I.     {Naut. )      Bend,  coil,  round,  loop. 
2.   Bay,  inlet,  cove. 

Bigot,  n.     Zealot,  fanatic,  dogmatist. 

Bigoted,  a.  Prejudiced,  intolerant,  obstinate, 
opiniative,  hidebound,  dogmatical,  narrow- 
minded,  self-opinionated,  over-zealous,  creed- 
bound,  wedded  to  an  opinion. 

Bigotry,  «  Prejudice,  intolerance,  blind  zeal,  ob- 
stinacy, opiniativeness,  dogmatism,  zealotry, 
fanaticism. 

Big-sounding,  a.  High-sounding,  magniloquent, 
altiloquent,  tumid,  perfervid,  inflated. 

Big -wig,  n.  {Colloq.)  Person  of  consequence, 
high  official,  great  personage. 

Big-wlgged,  a.  Consequential,  pompous,  self- 
important.     See  Big,  2, 

Bijou,  «.  [Fr.]  I.  Jewel,  trinket,  elegant  orna- 
ment. 

2.  Gem,  beauty,  darling,  little  darling,  little 
beauty,  little  dear,  little  gem. 

Bijouterie,  «.     Jewelry,  jewels,  trinkets. 

Bilabiate,  a.  (Bot.)     Two-lipped. 

BUateralf  a.  Two-sided,  with  two  sides,  in  two 
sides. 

Bilbo,  n.    Rapier,  short  sword. 

Bilboes,  n.  pi.  Shackles,  fetters,  gyves,  chains, 
stocks. 

Bile,  n.     I.   Hepatic  excretion. 

2.   Ill-nature,  gall,  venom.     See  Acrimony. 

Bile-duct,  «.     Biliary  duct,  hepatic  duct. 

Bile-stone,  n.     Gall-stone,  biliary  calculus. 

Biliary  calculus.     Gall-stone,  bile-stone. 

Biliary  duct.     Bile-duct,  hepatic  duct. 

Bilk,  V.  a.  Deceive  {by  not  fulfilling  an  engage- 
ment), disappoint,  frustrate,  thwart,  balk,  leave 
in  the  lurch,  elude. 

Bill,  n.     I.    Beak,  mandible,  neb. 

2.  Bill-hook,  hedge-bill,  hedging-knife,  brush- 
cutter. 

3.  Account,  charges,  reckoning,  score. 

4.  Statement  of  particulars. 

5.  Draft  of  a  law,  projected  law. 

6.  Note,  note  of  hand,  promissory  note,  evi- 
dence of  debt,  I.  O.  U. 

7.  Placard,  poster,  broadside,  advertisement. 
Bill,   V.   n.     Kiss,  caress,  fondle,   toy,  exchange 

kisses  and  caresses. 

Billet,  n.     I.   Note,  short  letter. 

2.   Stick,  small  piece,  fagot,  splitting. 

Billet,  V.  a.  Assign  {to  a  lodging-place,  as  sol- 
diers, by  a  billet),  apportion,  allot,  distribute, 
quarter,  place  in  lodgings. 

Billet,  V.  n.  Be  quartered,  lodge,  have  one's 
quarters. 

Billet-doux,  «.     [Fr.]    Love-letter. 

Billing  and  cooing.  Caresses,  toying,  dalliance. 
See  Blandi.shment. 

Billingsgate,  ».  Ribaldry,  foul  language.  See 
Abuse,  n. 


BILL  OF  EXCHANGE 


49 


BLACK 


Bill  of  exclians:e.    Draft. 

BiilOW*  «.     Wave,  surge. 

BilloWf  V.   ft.     Surge,   swell,   roll,  heave,  roll  in 
great  surges. 

Billowy,  a      I.    Surging,  rolling,  heaving,  full  of 
surges  or  billows. 

2.   Fluctuating,   rising   and    falling,    heaving, 
undulating. 

Bimontllly,  a.      Coming    every  two  months,  ap- 
pearing once  in  two  months,  bimensal,  bimestrial. 

BiJl,  n.     Bunker,  crib,  box,  receptacle. 

Binary,  a.    Dual,  double,  twofold,  binal,  consist- 
ing of  two. 

Bind,  V.  a.     I.    Confine,   restrain,   restrict,    put 
bonds  upon. 

2.  Bandage,  wrap,  put  a  bandage  round,  wrap 
up,  tie  up. 

3.  Tie,  fasten,  secure. 

4.  Stitch  and  cover,  put  into  a  binding. 

5.  Engage,  oblige,  obligate,  make  responsible, 
lay  under  obligation. 

6.  Indenture,  apprentice,  place  under   inden- 
ture. 

7.  Confirm,  ratify,  sanction. 

8.  Put  a  border  round. 

Bind,  V.  n.     I.   Contract,  harden,  stiffen,  shrink. 

2.  Make  sheaves,  tie  sheaves. 

3.  Be     obligatory,    be     binding,     be     valid, 
hold. 

Binder,  «.     I.   Sheaf-maker,  sheaf-tyer. 

2.    Bookbinder. 
Bindery,  n.     Bookbindery,   book-binding    estab- 
lishment. 
Binding:,  ».     I.   Bandage,  band,  fillet. 

2.   Cover,  covering. 
Binding,  a.     I.   Astringent,  contracting,  styptic. 

2.   Obligatory,  valid. 
Bindweed,  «.     Convolvulus,  calystegia. 
Bindwith,  «.     Travellers'  joy  {Clematis  vitalba). 
Bindwood, «.     Ivy. 
Bine,  n.     Creeping-stem,  dimbing-stem,  twiniag- 

stera. 
Bin°[,  «.     Heap,  pile. 
Binoxide,  n.    Deutoxide. 
Bio^aphy,  «.     I.   Life,  memoir,  personal  history. 

2.    Biographical  writings. 
Bioplasm,  n.     Germinal  matter. 
Biotaxy,  «.     Classification  of  organic  beings. 
Birch,  n.     I.    Birch-tree,  betula. 

2.   Rod,  lash,  whip,  rattan,  ferule. 
Bird,  «.     Fowl,  fowl  of  the  air. 
Bird's-eye  view.     I.  View  from  above,  air-view. 

2.   General  survey,  rapid  glance  over,  conspec- 
tus, synoptical  view. 
Bird-witted,  a.     Flighty,  inconsecutive,  lacking 

concentration. 
Birth,  n.     I.    Nativity,  coming  into  life,    origin, 
beginning,  rise. 

2.  Lineage,   extraction,   descent,  race,  family, 
line,  ancestry,  blood. 

3.  Offspring,  progeny,  creation,  creature,  pro- 
duction, being* 

Birthday,  «.     I.   Natal  day. 

2.   Anniversary  of  one's  birth. 
Bisect,  V.  a.     Cut  or  divide  into  two  equal  parts, 

cut  in  halves,  halve. 
Bisection,   «.     Halving,  cutting  or  dividing  into 

two  equal  parts. 
Bisexual,  a.     Hermaphrodite,  androgynous. 
Bishop,  n.     I.    Prelate. 
2,    Bustle,  tournure. 
Bishopric,  «,     Diocese,  see,  jurisdiction  or  charge 

of  a  bishop. 
Bison,  n.     Aurochs,  buffalo  {U.  S.). 
Bissextile,  «.     Leap-year, 
Bit,  n.     I.    Mouthful,    morsel,   crumb,   fragment, 

scrap,  piece,  small  piece. 


2.  Whit,  titde,  jot,  iota,  particle,  atom,  grain, 
mite,  ace,  sciniilla. 

3.  Bridle-bit,  mouth-piece. 

4.  Boring-tool,  borer. 

5.  Coin  {of  small  value),  piece. 
Bit,  V.  a.     Bridie,  get  the  bus  on. 
Bitch,  n.     Slut,  female  dog- 
Bite,  V  a.     I.   Gnaw,  cliew,  champ. 

2.  Pierce  with  the  teeth,  tear,  rend,  nip. 

3.  Sling,  burn,  cause  to  smart,  make  smart, 
make  tingle. 

4.  Grip,  grasp,  catch,  grapple,  clutch,  cling  to, 
catch  hold  of,  take  firm  hold  of. 

5.  Blast,  nip  [as/rost),  blight. 

6.  Defraud,  deceive,  cheat,  dupe,  trick,  gull, 
overreach,  jockey,  cozen,  chouse,  outwit,  bam- 
boozle, impose  upon,  beguile,  mislead,  inveigle, 
gammon. 

Bite,  V.  n.     See  i,  2,  3,  4,  and  5  under  preceding. 

iiiter,  n.     I.    Kender,  seizer,  tearer,  taker. 

2.  Cheat,  cheater,  misleader,  beguiler,  cozener, 
trickster,  jockey,  kuave. 

Biting,  a.  1.  Pungent,  piquant,  hot,  sharp,  pep- 
pery, burning,  stinging,  high-flavored,  high- 
seasoned. 

2.  Severe,  sarcastic,  cutting,  caustic. 

3.  Cold,  freezing,  nipping,  piercing,  blasting, 
blighting. 

Bitter,  a.  I,  Acrid,  tasting  like  wormwood,  like 
gall. 

2.  Fierce,  savage,  cruel,  merciless,  relentless, 
virulent,  fell,  ruthless,  dire. 

3.  Severe,  harsh,  stern. 

4.  Distressing,  painful,  grievous.  Intense,  sore, 
sorrowful,  afflictive,  poignant,  calamitous. 

Bitter-apple,  «.     Colocymh,  coloquintida,  bitter- 
cucumber,  bitter  gourd. 
Bitter-cucumber,  n.     See  Bitter- apple. 
Bittern,  «.     Butter-bump,  miredrum  {Botaurus). 
Bitterness,  «.    I.    Bitter  taste,  acridity,  acridness. 

2.  Intensity,  poignancy,  grievousness,  severity. 

3.  Spleen, gall,  rankling,  rancor,  heart-burning, 
animosity,  hatred,  malice,  malignity,  spite,  en- 
mity, ill-will,  bad  blood. 

4.  Asperity,  acerbity,  severity,  harshness,  acri- 
mony, ill-temper. 

5.  Distress,  pain,  grief,  sorrow,  affliction, 
hea\'iness,  regret,  despondency 

Bitter-sweet,  ».     Woody   nightshade  {Solanum 

dulcamara). 
Bitterwort,  «.      Yellow  gentian  {Geniiana  lutea). 

Bivalved  I  '^'  Two-valved,  bivalvular. 
Bivalvular,  a.  Two-valved,  bivalve(d). 
Bivouac,  «.  and  V.  n.   Halt  for  the  night  {without 

encamping). 
Bizarre,  a.    [Fr.]   Odd,  fanta.stic,  strange,  singular, 

whimsical,  incongruous,  extravagant,  outlandish. 
Blah,  z'.  a.     Betray,  disclose,  reveal,  divulge,  let 

out,  speak  out,  prate  abroad,  tattle  abroad. 
Blab,  V.  n.     Tattle,  prattle,  prate,  blow,  blabber, 

tell  tales,  tell  a  secret,  let  the  cat  out  of  the  bag, 

tell  tales  out  of  school. 
Blab,  «.    Prater,  tattler,  babbler,  tell-tale,  blabber. 
Black,    a.      I.    Dark,   ebon,   inky,  atramentous, 

swarthy. 

2.  Murky,  dusky,  pitchy,  dingy,  Cimmerian, 
lowering. 

3.  Dismal,  sullen,  forbidding,  gloomy,  dark, 
depressing,  doleful,  sombre,  mournful,  disastrous, 
calamitous. 

4.  Wicked,  atrocious,  villanous,  infamous,  ne- 
farious, heinous,  flagitious,  diabolic,  infernal, 
hellish,  fiendish,  devilish,  outrageous,  monstrous, 
horrible. 

Black,  «.     I.   Black  color. 

2.   Mourning,  black  garments. 


BLACKAMOOR 


50 


BLATTERING 


3.  Negro,  blackamoor,  black  man,  moor, 
blackey. 

Blackamoor,  ».  Negro,  black,  black  man,  moor, 
biackey. 

Black  art.  Magic,  conjuration,  sorcery,  diabolic 
art,  necromancy,  witchcraft,  witchery,  biack  magic 
{in  contrast  to  white.,  or  innocent),  magical  art. 

Blackball,  v.  a.  Exclude  {by  biack  balls),  reject 
{by  a  negative  vote). 

Blackcap,  n.  Blackcap  warbler,  mock-nightingale 
{Corucca  or  Curruca  atricapilla). 

Black-coat,  n.  Clergyman,  minister,  divine,  pas- 
tor, priest. 

Blackcock,  «.  Heath-cock,  black-grouse,  black- 
game  {Tetrao  tetrix). 

Blacken,  v.  a.     I.   Darken,  make  black. 

2.  Sully,  deface,  soil,  defile,  darken,  stain. 

3.  Vilify,  defame,  slander,  calumniate,  asperse, 
traduce,  malign,  besmirch,  revile,  rail  at,  sneer 
at,  run  down,  speak  ill  of.     See  Abuse. 

Blacken,  v.  n.     Grow  black,  darken,  gloom,  lower, 

threaten. 
Blacklisll,  n.     Tautog  {Labrus  A  mericanus). 
Blackfriar,  n.    Benedictine,  dominican,  predicant, 

jacobin,  preaching  ix\zx,frtre pricheur. 

^^^kM    SeeB..CKCocK 

Blackguard,  n.  Scurrilous  or  abusive  fellow,  low 
fellow,  vile  fellow,  scamp,  scoundrel,  villain, 
rascal,  rogue,  rapscallion,  loon,  lown. 

Blackguard,  a.  I.  Scurrilous,  abusive,  contume- 
lious, insulting,  ribald,  vituperative,  opprobrious, 
black-mouthed,  foul-mouthed. 

2.  Vile,  low,  worthless,  base,  villanous, 
scoundrel,  scoundrelly,  rascally,  rascal,  dishonor- 
able, blackguardly. 

Blackguardism,  n.  I.  Ribaldry,  scurrility,  inde- 
cency, obscenity,  foul  language,  billingsgate. 

2.  Scoundrelism,  rascality,  baseness,  villany, 
villanousness,  low  ways,  vile  behavior,  worth- 
lessness. 

Black-gum,  «.  Sour-gum,  yellow-gum  {Nyssa 
villosa). 

Black-hearted,  a.  Malignant,  malicious,  malev- 
olent, villanous,  base,  cruel,  unfeeling,  full  of 
hate. 

Black  hellebore.  Christmas  rose  {Helleborus 
niger). 

Black-jack,  «.  I.  iTerm  used  by  miners.'] 
Blende,  zinc-blende,  sulphuret  of  zinc,  false  ga- 
lena, mock  lead. 

2.  Black  flag,  piratical  ensign,  skull  and  cross- 
bones. 

Black-lead,  «.     Plumbago,  graphite. 

Blackleg,  n.     Gambler,  sharper,  swindler. 

Blackmail,  «.  I.  Tribute  {paid  /or  immunity 
from  robbery"),  brigand-tax. 

2.  Hush-money,  bribe  to  keep  silence. 

3.  Extortion  by  threats. 

Black  man.    Negro,  blackamoor,  black,  blackey, 

moor. 
Black-mouthed,    a.      Foul-mouthed,    scurrilous. 

See  Blackguard,  a. 
Black-quarter,  «.    Quarter-evil,  quarter-ill, black- 

spaul,  blackleg. 
Black  Sea.     Euxine. 
Black-sheep,    «.      Scapegrace,    disgrace   to    the 

family. 
Blackthorn,  n.     Sloe  {Prunus  spinosa). 
Blade,  n.     I.  Leaf. 

2.  Flat  part  {as  of  a  knife  or  an  oar). 

3.  Buck,  gallant,  spark  ,  gay,  dashing  fellow. 
Blain,  «.     Pustule,  blister,  blotch,  sore. 
Blamable,  a.    Culpable,  censurable,  reprehensible, 

faulty,  blameworthy. 
Blame,    v.    a.    Censure,     condemn,     disapprove, 
reprehend,   reproach,   reflect   ujon,   lay  or  cast 


blame  upon,  find  fault  with,  cry  out  against,  ani- 
madvert upon. 

Blame,  «.  I.  Censure,  reprehension,  animadver- 
sion, disapproval,  disapprobation,  reproach,  re- 
proof, condemnation,  imputation  of  fault. 

2.  Fault,  wrong,  misdeed,  misdoing,  ill-desert, 
guilt,  shortcoming,  sin,  reproach,  defect,  demerit. 

Blameless,  a.  Irreproacluible,  unimpeachable, 
irreprehensible,  inculpable,  faultless,  guiltless, 
unblemished,  unspotted,  unsullied,  undefiled, 
spotless,  stainless,  innocent. 

Blameworthy,  a.     See  Blamable. 

Blanc-fix,  «.  Permanent  white,  sulphate  of 
baryta  {artificially  made). 

Blanch,  v.  a.  Bleach,  whiten,  etiolate,  make  or 
render  white. 

Blanch,  v,n.  Bleach,  whiten,  pale,  etiolate,  be- 
come white,  fade. 

Bland,  a.  I.  Soft,  mild,  gentle,  balmy,  soothing, 
demulcent. 

2.  Affable,  suave,  kindly,  mild,  amiable,  mild- 
mannered,  complaisant. 

Blandishment,  n.  I.  Fascination,  flattery,  cajol- 
ery, cajoling  compliment,  artful  caresses,  coaxing, 
wheedling. 

2.  Caressing,  caresses,  endearment,  soft  words, 
expression  of  aflfection,  billing  and  cooing,  to)'ing, 
fawning. 

3.  Delight,  joy,  pleasure,  attraction,  sweet, 
charm. 

Blank,  a.     I.  Void,  empty. 

2.  White,  of  a  white  color. 

3.  Astonished,    confounded,    confused,   dum- 
founded,  disconcerted,  nonplussed,  struck  dumb.  , 
See  Amazed. 

4.  Utter,  pure,  simple,  unmixed,  unmingled, 
unadulterated,  perfect,  entire,  complete,  absoiute, 
unabated,  unqualified,  unmitigated,  mere,  the 
merest. 

Blank,  «.  I.  Void,  vacancy,  empty  place,  empty 
space,  unfilled  room. 

2.  Blank  form,  form. 

3.  Unwrought  piece  {ofntetaf),  block. 
Blank    verse.    Unrhymed    verse    {especially   the 

heroic  verse  of  five  iambic  feet). 

Blare,  «.     Blast,  peal,  clang,  clangor. 

Blare,  v.  n.     Blow,  peal,  sound  loudly. 

Blare,  v.  a.  Sound  forth,  blazon,  proclaim, 
trumpet. 

Blarney,  n.  Flattery,  adulation,  smooth  phrases, 
cajolery,  gammon. 

Blase,  a.  [Fr.]  Surfeited,  cloyed,  satiated,  palled, 
incapable  of  enjoyment  {in  consequence  of  ex- 
cesses), worn  out,  exhausted 

Blaspheme,  v.  a.     I.   Speak  impiously  of 

2.  {Rare.)  Revile,  calumniate,  defame,  tra- 
duce, malign,  speak  evil  of. 

Blaspheme,  v.  n.  Utter  blasphemy,  speak  impi- 
ously of  God  or  of  sacred  things,  be  impious, 
utter  sacrilege. 

Blasphemous,  a.     Impious,  sacrilegious,  profane. 

Blasphemy,  «.     Impiousness,  sacrilege,  profanity. 

Blast,  n.     I.   Gust,  squall,  sudden  burst,  blow. 

2.  Peal,  blare,  clang. 

3.  Explosion,  outbreak,  burst,  discharge. 

4.  Blight,  pestilential  influence. 

Blast,  V.  a.  I.  Blight,  kill,  destroy,  ruin,  annihi- 
late, wither,  shrivel. 

2.   Rend  by  explosion,  burst,  explode,  split. 
Blatant,  a.     I.    Bellowing,  braying. 

2.    Clamorous,  obstreperous,  vociferous,  noisv 
Blatherskite,  «.     {Collog.   U.  S.  and  Scotland) 

1.  Blusterer,  vaporer,  prater,  vapid  talker,  vol- 
uble dunce,  noisy  fool. 

2.  Vaporing,  voluble  vapidity.     See  Bluster. 
Blattering,  a.     Blustering,  swaggering,  noisy. 
Blattering,  n.     See  Bluster. 


BLAZE 


61 


BLOB 


Blaze,  n.  Flame,  flaming  light,  intense  light,  glow. 

Blaze,  V.  n.     Flame,  burn  with  a  Aame. 

Blaze,  V.  a.  Publish,  proclaim,  blazon,  make  known, 

noise  abroad,  spread  abroad,  blaze  abroad. 
Blaze  abroad.     See  preceding. 

Blazing  star.    Comet. 

Blazon,  v.  a.  I.  Emblazon,  emblaze,  adorn  with 
ensigns  armorial. 

2.  Display,  exhibit,  set  forth,  make  a  show  of, 
show  off. 

3.  Proclaim,  publish,  blaze,  blare,  trumpet, 
herald,  noise  abroad,  bruit  about,  make  known, 
spread  or  blaze  abroad. 

Blazon,  n.     I.    Blazonry. 

2.  Publication,  proclamation,  trumpeting, 
heralding. 

3.  Exhibition,  show,  pompous  display. 
Blazonry,  «.     Emblazonry,  heraldry. 

Bleach,  v.  a.  Whiten,  blanch,  etiolate,  make  or 
render  wliite. 

Bleach,  v.  n.  Whiten,  blanch,  etiolate,  grow  or 
become  white. 

Bleaching  powder.  Chloride  of  lime,  Tennant's 
powder. 

Bleak,  a.  I.  Unsheltered,  exposed,  bare,  unpro- 
tected, wind-swept,  storm-beaten. 

2.  Cold,  chill,  chilly,  raw,  biting,  piercing, 
desolating. 

3.  Desolate,  drear,  dreary,  ungenial,  cheerless, 
comfortless. 

Blear,  v.  a.    Dim,  make  rheumy,  make  watery. 
Blearedness,  «.     Lippitude,  dim-sightedness. 
Blear-eyed,  a.    Dim-sighted. 
Bleb,  «.     I.   Blister,  vesicle,  little  tumor. 

2.   Air-bubble,  blob. 
Bleed,  V  n.    I.   Lose  blood,  drip  blood,  be  drop- 
ping with  blood. 

2.  Lose  sap  or  juice,  drip  sap. 

3.  Be  slaughtered,  be  slain,  die. 
^leed,  V.  a.     I.  Take  blood  from. 

2.   Exude,  secrete,  give  forth,  drop. 
Bleeding,    «.     Phlebotomy,    venesection,    blood- 
letting. 
Blemish,  v.  a.   I.   Stain,  sully,  blur,  spot,  tarnish, 

mar,  injure,  taint. 
2.  Defame,  vilify,  traduce,  asperse,  calumniate, 

slander,   malign,  revile,  run  down,  speak  ill  of. 

See  Abuse. 
Blemish,   ».     I.   Stain,  spot,  defect,  speck,  blot, 

blur,  soil,  tarnish  J  flaw,  fault. 
2.  Disgrace,   dishonor,  reproach,  taint,  stain, 

spot,  blot. 
Blench,  v.  n.     Shrink,  flinch,  start  back,  give  way, 

yield,  weaken. 
Blench,  v.  a.     Shrink  from,  evade,  shirk,  avoid. 
Blend,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.     Mingle,  mix,  intermingle, 

commingle,  amalgamate,  unite,  combine. 
Blende,  ».     (Mm.)     Black-jack,  sulphuret  of  zinc, 

mock  lead,  false  galena. 
Bless,  V-  a.    I.    Ask  or  implore  a  blessing  upon, 

call  down  blessings  on. 

2.  Delight,  gladden,  make  happy,  beatify. 

3.  Wish  happiness  to,  thank. 

4.  Glorify,  exalt,  celebrate,  magnify,  praise, 
extol,  give  thanks  to,  adore,  gratefully  adore. 

Blessed,  a.     I.   Happy,  beatified,  blissful. 

2.    Holy,  hallowed,  sacred. 
Blessedness,    n.      Bliss,    blissfulness,    happiness, 

felicity,  beatitude,  joy. 
Blessing,  «.     I.    Benediction,  benison,  invocation 

of  happiness. 

2.  Good,  benefit,  advantage,  profit,  gain,  boon, 
service, 

3.  Glory,  honor,  praise,  thanksgiving,  grati- 
tude. 

Blight,  n.  Pestilence  {among-  plants),  mildew, 
blast,  withering. 


Blighty  V.  a.  I,  Blast,  wither,  shrivel,  kill,  de- 
stroy, taint  with  mildew,  cause  to  decay. 

2.  Disappoint,  frustrate,  blast,  destroy,  crush, 
annihilate,  annul,  bring  to  naught. 

Blind,  a.   I.   Sightless,  destitute  of  vision,  eyeless. 

2.  Ignorant,  undiscerning,  unenlightened,  be- 
nighted, without  insight,  injudicious,  incapable 
of  judging. 

3.  Concealed,  hidden,  remote,  obscure,  dim, 
unlucid,  involved,  intricate,  labyrinthine,  con- 
fused, mazy,  dark,  private. 

4.  Indiscriminate,  heedless,  careless,  thought- 
less, inconsiderate,  headlong,  rash. 

5.  Closed,  shut,  issueless,  without  exit,  leading 
nowhere. 

Blind,  V.  a.     I.   Make  blind,  deprive  of  sight. 

2.    Hoodwink,  blindfold 
Blind,  n.     I.    Screen,  cover,  shade,  curtain. 

2.  Blinder,  blinker. 

3.  Concealment,  disguise,  pretext,  misleader, 
pretence,  ruse,  feint,  stratagem. 

BUnd-alley,  n.    Cul-de-sac. 

Blind-coal,  n.  Anthracite,  glance-coal,  hard-coal, 
stone-coal. 

Blinder,  «.    Blind,  blinker. 

Blindfold,  v-  a.  Blind,  hoodmnk,  cover  the  eyes 
of,  hinder  from  seeing  {by  a  bandage  over  t/ie 
eyes). 

Blindfold,  a.  I.  Blinded  {by  a  bandage  over  the 
eyes),  blindfolded. 

2.  Blind,  headlong,  rash,  heedless,  inconsider- 
ate. 

Blindman'S-bnff,  n.  Hoodman-blind,  blind-man- 
buff. 

Blindside,  n.  Weakness,  foible,  failing,  defect, 
weak  side,  weak  point. 

Blink,  n.     I.   Glance,  glimpse,  si^ht,  view,  wink. 
2.   Glimmer,  gleam,  sheen,  shimmer,  twinkle. 

Blink,  z/.  n.  I.  Wink,  nictitate,  nictate,  see  ob- 
scurely. 

2.  Flicker,  flutter,  intermit,  shine  fitfully, 
twinkle,  glitter,  gleam. 

Blink,  V.  a.  Overlook  (purposely),  disregard, 
avoid,  evade,  ignore,  pass  over,  gloss  over,  gloze, 
shut  out  of  sight,  make  no  account  of,  pretend 
not  to  see. 

Blinker,  «.     Blinder,  blind. 

Bliss,  «•  Happiness,  felicity,  blessedness,  bliss- 
fulness,  beatitude,  beatification,  joy,  transport, 
rapture,  ecstasy,  heavenly  ioy,  heaven. 

Blissful,  a.  I.  Transj)orted,  enraptured,  in  rap- 
tures, in  ecstasies,  very  happy,  full  of  joy,  highly 
blessed. 

2.  Transporting,  enrapturing,  delightful,  happy, 
joyful,  rapturous,  ecstatic,  ravishing,  blessed, 
conferring  bliss. 

BUster,  «•     I.   Vesicle,  pustule,  blain,  bleb,  blob, 

2.  Puffy  film,  bleb,  blob,  air-bubble. 

3.  Vesicatory,  vesicant,  blistering  plaster,  sin- 
apism. 

Blister,  v.  a.    Raise  blisters  on,  vesicate. 

Blister,  v.  n.  Rise  in  blisters,  form  vesicles  or 
blebs. 

Blithe,  a.  Cheerful,  gay,  sprightly,  lively,  ani- 
mated, elated,  vivacious,  joyous,  joyful,  merry, 
mirthful,  jocund,  sportive,  airy,  buoyant,  debo- 
nair, blithesome,  of  good  cheer,  in  high  spirits, 
in  good  spirits,  full  of  life,  full  of  spirit. 

Blithesome,  a.     Cheerful,  gay.     See  Blithe. 

Bloat,  V.  a.  Swell,  inflate,  distend,  dilate,  puflfup, 
blow  up,  make  turgid. 

Bloat,  V.  n.  Swell,  dilate,  be  swollen,  be  inflated 
or  distended,  be  puffed  or  blown  up,  become 
turgid. 

Bloating,  n.  Swelling,  dilatation,  tumefaction, 
expanding,  expansion.     See  Dilation. 

Blob,  n.    Bubble,  blobber,  bleb,  blister,  vesicle. 


BLOBBER-LIP 


52 


BLUDGEON 


Blobber-lip,  «.     Thick  lip,  blubber-lip,   hanging 

lip,   flabby  lip. 
Blobber-lipped,  a.     Thick-lipped,  blubber-lipped, 

tiabby-lipped. 
Block,  V.  a.     I.   Obstruct,  close,  blockade,  stop, 

arrest,  shut  up,  stop  up,   block  up,  fill  up. 

2.  Mould,  shape,  form  (on  a  block). 

3.  Make  steady  or  firm,  stiffen,  brace. 
Block,  n.     I.   Thick  and  heavy  piece  {as  of  wood 

or  5tone\  mass. 

2.  Mould  {on  which  objects  are  fnade). 

3.  Simpleton,  lool,  blockhead      See  Dltnck. 

4.  Mass  of  houses  (tn  a  square  or  a  contin- 
uous row),  mass  of  buildings. 

5.  City  block,  square. 

,    6.   {Naut.)     Pulley,  tackle. 

7.  Executioner's  block  {in  fig.  se?tse)^  scaSold, 
execution. 

8.  Stoppage,  obstruction,  jam,  pack. 
Blockade,  v.  a.    Close  {as ports,  so  as  to  prevent 

egress  or  ingress),  block,  shut  up,  stop  up.  See 
Beset  and  Beleaguer. 

Blockade,  «.  Closure  {as  of  a  port),  shutting  up, 
blocking  up. 

BlOCkliead,  n.    Simpleton,  fool.     See  Dunce. 

BiOCklsll,  a.  Stupid,  stolid,  heavy,  doltish,  unin- 
telligent, dull,  stoqkish.  See  Beetle-headed 
and  Stupid. 

Block  up.    Obstruct.    See  Block. 

BlSSde,}'*-    Fair,  light,  flaxen. 
Blood,  «.     I.  Vital  fluid,  vital  current,  life-blood, 
life-current. 
2.   Posterity,  descendants,  offspring,  cliildren. 


progeny. 

3.  Kin, 
line. 


kindred,    relations,    family,    house, 


4.  Lineage,  descent,  kinship,  kindred,  consan- 
guinity, relationship,  common  derivation,  com- 
mon ancestry. 

5.  Royal  lineage,  royal  line. 

6.  High  birth,  noble  extraction. 

7.  Temper,  disposition,  feelings,  spirit,  cour- 
age, passion,  mettle. 

8.  Hotspur,  madcap,  fiery  fellow,  hot  spark, 
blade. 

Blood-letting:,  «.     Bleeding,  phlebotomy. 

Blood-pudding,  «.     Black-pudding. 

Bloodroot,  n.  Red-root,  puccoon,  turmeric  (5"a«- 
guinaria  Canadensis) . 

Bloodshed,  «.  Slaughter,  carnage,  butchery,  mas- 
sacre, murder,  bloodshedding,  homicide,  blood- 
spilling. 

Blood-Stained,  a.    I.   Bloody,  stained  with  blood, 
ensanguined. 
2.    Blood-guilty,  murderous,  homicidal. 

Bloodstone,  «.     I.   Hematite. 
2.    Heliotrope. 

Blood-sucker,  «.    Leech. 

Blood-thirsty,  a.  Cruel,  savage,  ferocious,  inhu- 
man, barbarous,  barbarian,  fell,  truculent,  ruth- 
less, bloody,  murderous,  bloody-minded. 

BloodWOrt,  n.     Red  dock  {Ruinex  sanguineus). 

Bloody,  a.     I.   Sanguinary,    ensanguined,    gory. 
See  Blood-stained. 
2.   Murderous,  cruel.     See  BLOor>-THiRSTY. 

Bloody-flux,  n.     Dysentery. 

Bloody-minded,  a.     See  Blood-thirsty. 

Bloom,  n.  I.  Efflorescence,  flower,  blossom, 
blow. 

2.  Efflorescence,  flowering,  blossoming,  blow. 

3.  Flush,  freshness,  vigor,  prime,  heyday. 

4.  Flush,  glow,  carnation,  rose,  roseate 
hue. 

5.  Powdery  film,  delicate  furze,  down. 

6.  First  freshness,  delicate  newness,  delicacy, 
innocence. 


Bloom,  V.  tu  Flower,  blossom,  put  forth  blossoms, 

blow. 
Bloomy,  a.     I.   Flowery,  full  of  blossoms. 

2.  Fresh,  glowing,  roseate. 

3.  Downy,  covered  with  bloom. 
Blossom,  n.     Flower,  bloom,  blow,  efflorescence. 
Blossom,  V.  n.     I"  lower,  blocm,  blow. 

Blot,  V.  a.  I.  Eftace,  obliterate,  erase,  cancel, 
expunge,  rub  out,  blot  out,  scratch  out,  strike 
out. 

2.  Spot,  stain,  blur,  disfigure,  deface,  sully. 

3.  Tarnish,   sully,    disgrace,    dishonor,    blur, 
spot,  stain. 

Blot,  n.     I.   Obliteration,  erasure,  blotting,  blur. 

2.  Blur,  spot,  stain,  blemish. 

3.  Disgrace,   cause   of   reproach,  blur,  spot, 
stain,  dishonor. 

Blotcb,  n.    I.    Pustule,  eruption,  pimple,  blain, 

bleb,  blemish. 
2.   Spot  {of  any  kind,  especially  irregular)., 

patch,  splotch. 
Blow,  «.     I.  Stroke,  knock,  rap,  pat,  thump,  dab, 

beat,  lick,  thwack,  bang. 

2.  Calamity,  disaster,  misfortune,  affliction. 

3.  Bloom,  blossom,  flower,  efflorescence. 

4.  Gale,  blast,  gust. 

Blow,  V.  n.  I.  Move  or  flow  in  currents  {as  the 
wind). 

2.  Pant,  puff,  lose  breath,  breathe  hard. 

3.  Flower,  bloom,  blossom. 

4.  Sound,     give     forth     sound,    peal     forth, 
breathe. 

5.  {Colloq.)      Boast,    brag,    gasconade,    talk 
large,  bluster. 

6.  Spout  {as  a  whale). 

Blow,  V  a.     I.   Drive  (by  blowing),  impel. 

2.  Force  wind  upon,   direct  a  current  of  air 
upon, 

3.  Sound,  wind,  sound  upon,  wind  &    blast 
upon. 

4.  Spread,  spread  or  sound  abroad,  diflfuse. 

5.  Form  (with  the  breath). 

6.  Deposit  eggs  in,  fly-blow,  make  putrid. 
Blow  down.    Prostrate  {by  the  wind),  overthrow, 

lay  low. 
Blown,  a.     I.   Swollen,  inflated,  puffed  up, 

2.  Stale,     worthless,     discredited,     past     its 
prime. 

3.  Out  of  breath,  exhausted,   fatigued,  tired 
out. 

Blow  off.  I.  Drive  from  shore  {by  the  wind,  as  a 
ship). 

2.  Detach  or  scatter  (by  the  wind,  as  fruit 
from  trees). 

3.  Let  off  {as  steam),  suffer  to  escape. 
Blow  out.     Extinguish, 

Blow-out,    n.    {Colloq.)     Feast,    entertainment, 

rout,  merry-making. 
Blowup.     {Active^    I.  Inflate,  fill  with  air. 

2.  Burst,  explode,  blast,  burst  in  pieces,  shat- 
ter, scatter  by  explosion,  cause  to  explode. 

3.  Kindle. 

4.  {Low.)    Scold,  rate,   berate,  chide,  repri- 
mand, censure,  reprove,  blame,  scold  at. 

Blow  Up.  (Neuter.)  Explode,  burst,  be  scattered 
by  explosion. 

Blow  upon.     I.   Discredit,  blast,  taint,  bring  into 
disfavor,  make  distasteful. 
2.   Inform  against,  turn  informer  upon. 

Blow-valve,  «.     Snifting-valve. 

Blowzed,  a.     Ruddy,  blowzy. 

Bl0W2y,  a.  Ruddy,  blowzed,  tanned,  ruddy- 
faced,  high-colored,  sun-burnt. 

Blubber,  «.     Whale-fat. 

Blubber,  v.  «.  Cry  (so  as  to  swell  the  cheeks), 
whine,  whimper,  weep. 

Bludgeon,  n.     Club,  cudgel. 


BLUE 


63 


BODILY 


BlaCy  a.  !•  Azure,  cerulean,  sapphirine,  ame- 
thystine, sky-coiored. 

2.  Livid,  ghastly,  pallid. 

3.  {jCoUoq.)  Melancholy,  dejected,  dispirited, 
depressed,  sad,  glum,  gloomy,  mopish,  down- 
cast, desponding,  downhearted,  hypochondriac, 
hipped,  chapfallen,  low-spirited,  cast  down,  in 
the  dumps,  with  a  long  face,  in  the  blues, 
down  in  the  mouth. 

4.  (jColloq.)  Dismal,  depressing,  doleful, 
gloomy,  dispiriting,  melancholy,  disheartening. 

5.  Pedantic  {said  of  women),  on  the  blue- 
stocking order,  sapient. 

Blue,  «._  Azure,  sky-color,  cerulean,  amethystine, 
sapphirine. 

Blue-de\rils,  «. //     See  Blues. 

Biae-tisll,  n.  lailor,  skip-jack,  snapping  mack- 
erel (  Temnodon  saltator). 

Blues,  n.  pi.  LWith  Tke.\  Melancholy,  dejection, 
depression,  despondency,  hypochondria,  dumps, 
vapors,  low  spirits,  blue-devils,  the  dismals, 

Blue-Stocking,  n.  Pedantic  woman,  sapient  fe- 
male. 

Blue-vitriol,  n.     Sulphate  of  copper,  blue-stone. 

Bluff,  a.  I.  Broad  and  full,  hearty  and  open. 
\,Said  of  the  countenance.) 

2.  Rough  and  hearty,  blunt  and  frank,  roughly 
good-natured. 

3.  Steep,  abrupt,  precipitous,  like  a  bluff. 
Bluff,   n.      Precipitous  bank    {eipecially    on    the 

margin  of  a  river  or  the  sea). 
Blunder,  v.  n     I.   Mistake  i^rossly),  err  (Jrom 
want  of  care). 

2.  Flounder,  stumble,  go  bungling. 

3.  Bungle,  be  awkward,  miss  the  mark,  miss 
the  point,  be  stupid,  inaccurate,  or  at  loose  ends. 

Blunder,  «.     Mistake  {of  the  grossest  kind),  error 

{from  thoughtlessness),   gross  mistake,  piece  of 

stupidity. 
Blunderbuss,   n.     I.     Short  gun  (with  a  large 

bore). 
2.  Blunderer,  blunderhead,  stupid  fellow,  dolt. 
Blunderer,  «.     Blunderhead,  blunderbuss,  stupid 

fellow,  dolt. 
Blunderhead,  n.     See  Blunderer. 
Blunt,  a.    I.    Dull,  obtuse,  pointless,  edgeless. 

2.  Dull-witted,  dull,  thick-witted,  obtuse,  stu- 
pid, stolid. 

3.  Abrupt,  bluff,  plain,  uncourtly,  unceremoni- 
ous, without  formal  civility. 

4.  Brusk  [or  brusque),  rough,  harsh,  uncourte- 
ous,  ungracious,  Impolite,  rude. 

Blunt,  V.  a.     I.   Dull,  make  dull. 

2.  Benumb,  paralyze,  deaden,  stupefy,  ob- 
tund,  hebetate,  make  insensible,  callous,  or  ob- 
tuse. 

3.  Moderate,  allay,  assuage,  mitigate,  quiet, 
alleviate,  soften. 

Blunt- Witted,  a.  Dull,  stupid,  stolid,  doltish, 
blockish,  obtuse,  unintelligent,  unintellectual. 

Blur,  n-  I.  Blot,  stain,  spot,  blemish,  soil,  tar- 
nish, defect. 

2.  Confusion  {of  vision),  dim  and  uncertain 
spot,  confused  glimmer. 

3.  Blot,  stain,  disgrace,  spot,  blemish,  blotch. 
Blur,  V.  a.     I.   Obscure,  darken,  dim,  bedim,  par- 
tially erase. 

2.   Tarnish,  stain,  blot,  sully,  spot,  blemish. 
Blush,  V.  n.     Redden  {in  the  cheeks),  color. 
Blush,  n.     Reddening  {of  the  cheeks),  suffusion  of 

the  face. 
Bluster,   v.  n.     I.   Roar  {as  the  wind),  make  a 

loud  noise. 

2.  Vapor,  swagger,  bully,  vaunt,  swell,  dom- 
ineer, gasconade,  play  the  bully.     See  Boast. 

3.  Make  a  great  ado,  make  much  ado  about 
nothing. 


Bluster,  n,  I.  Boisterousness,  noise,  tumult, 
turbulence.^ 

2.  Boasting,  swaggering,  bullying,  blattering, 
vaporing,  gasconade,  fanfaronade. 

3.  Great  ado,  much  ado  about  nothing 
Blusterer,  «.     Swaggerer,  bully,  boaster,  braggart, 

vaunter,  roisterer,  liuff,  braggadocio,  drawcansir, 
fire-eater,  fanfaron,  noisy  fellow,  bouncer 
{colloq.). 

Blustering,  a.  I.  Windy,  stormy,  tempestuous, 
squally,  gusty,  tumultuous,  turbulent,  noisy, 
roaring. 

2.  Swaggering,  boasting,  bragging,  braggart, 
blattering,  pompous,  assuming,  important,  arro- 
gant, swelling,  big,  bullying,  vaporing,  self- 
sufficient. 

Board,  ».     I.   Plank  (/A/«). 

2.  Table  {for food). 

3.  Food,  diet,  provision,  fare,  victuals,  enter- 
tainment, meals 

4.  Conclave,  council,  committee. 
Board,  V.  a.     I.   Cover  with  boards 

2.  Enter  or  go  on  board  of  {a  vessel)  by 
force 

3.  Furnish  with  meals. 

Boards,  «.  //.  [With  The.\  The  stage  {of  a  thea- 
tre). 

Boast,  V.  n.  Brag,  vaunt,  gasconade,  vapor, 
bluster,  crow,  crack,  flourish,  exalt  one's  .sell, 
magnify  one's  self,  give  one's  self  airs,  talk  big, 
ride  a  high  horse. 

Boast,  v.  a,  I.  Magnify  {unduly),  make  much  of, 
boast  of,  brag  of. 

2.  {Sculp.)  Shape  roughly  {as  a  block  of 
marble) 

Boast,  n.     I.   Vaunt,  brag,   gasconade,    rodomon- 
tade,  vaporing,   bravado,    boasting,    blustering, 
swaggering,    fanfaronade,   flourish  of    trumpets, 
much  cry  and  little  wool. 
2.   Cause  of  pride  or  laudable  exultation. 

Boaster,  n.  Braggart,  braggadocio  See  Blus- 
terer. 

Boastful,  a.  Boasting,  vaunting,  bragging,  brag- 
gart, vaporing,  blustering,  exulting,  triumphant, 
cock-a-hoop. 

Boasting,  «.     Vaunt,  brag.     See  Boast. 

JBoast  one's  self.     Exult  over-confidently. 

Jbtoat-shaped,  a.  {Bot.)  Cymbiform,  navicular, 
scaphoid. 

Bob,  v.  a.    I.   Move  with  a  jerk. 

2.  Strike  {suddenly  and  lightly),  rap,  knock. 

3.  Clip,  cut  short. 

4.  {Rare.)  Steal,  purloin,  rob,  pilfer,  filch, 
cabbage,  get  by  fraud 

Bob,  v.  n-    I.   Play  back  and  forvtrard,  have  a  jerk- 
ing motion. 
2.   Angle  {with  a  jerking  motion),  fish 
Boh,  n.    I.   Jerking  motion. 

2.   Pendant,  hanging  appendage. 
Bobolink,   «.     Rice-bird,  rice-bunting,    reed-bird, 
butter-bird,    skunk-bird,    skunk-blackbird,    Bob 
o'  Lincoln,  Robert  o'  Lincoln,  Bob-Uncoln,  bob- 
link  {Dolichonyx  or izy varus). 
Bob-white,  n.     American  partridge,  quail  {Odon- 

tophorus  Virginianus). 
Bode,   V.   a.      Betoken,   portend,   foreshow,   fore- 
shadow, prefigure,  presage,  augur,  foretell,  pre- 
dict, forebode,  prophesy,  be  ominous  of. 
Bode,  V.  n.     Forebode,  presage,  be  ominous. 
Bodice,  n.     I.   Corset,  stays 

2.   Waist  {of  a  dress),  corsage. 
Bodiless,  a.     Incorporeal,  without  a  body. 
Bodily,  «.     I.  Of  the  body. 

2     Corporeal,  physical. 
Bodily,  ad.     I.   Corporeally. 

2.  Entirely  {as  respects  the  body  or  mass), 
completely,  wholly,  altogether. 


BODY 


54 


BOOBY 


Body,  ft.  I.  Material  substance,  material  part 
(as  distinguished  from  tJie  spirit  or  life). 

2.  Carcass,  corpse,  dead  body. 

3.  Visible  form  or  frame. 

4.  Trunk  {as  distinguished  from  the  limbs), 
Stem,  bole. 

5.  Bulk,  main  part  {as  distinguished  front 
subordinate  parts'),  greater  part. 

6.  Person,  being,  individual,  mortal,  creature. 
Y.   Company,    band,    party,    coterie,    society, 

association,  corporation. 

8.  System,  summary,  general  collection. 

9.  Consistency,  thickness,  substance. 
Body-coat,  «.     Dress-coat. 

Boeotian,  a.     I.     Of  BcEotia,  from  Bceotia. 

2.   Dull,  heavy,  befogged.     See  Stupid. 
Bog,  n     Morass,  quagmire,  slough,  feu,   marsh, 

swamp,  moss. 
Bog-berry,  n.      Cranberry  {Oxycoccus  palustris). 

JlJgy*  }  n.     Hobgoblin,  bugaboo. 

Boggle,  V.  n.     I.    Hesitate,  vacillate,  waver,  falter, 
demur,  shrink,  hang  back,  shrink  back,  hang  fire, 
be  in  suspense. 
2.  Dissemble,  play  fast  and  loose,  shuffle. 

Bogtrotter,  ».    [in  derision]     Irishman. 

Boll,  V.  n.  I.  Be  agitated  by  heat,  be  in  ebulli- 
tion. 

2.  Be  in  violent  agitation,  seethe,  foam,  froth. 

3.  Bubble,  rise  in  bubbles. 

4.  Be  ardent,  be  hot,  be  wildly  turbulent,  rage 
Boil,  V.  a.     Seethe. 

Boil,   n.     Furuncle,   pustule,  gathering,   inflamed 

tumor. 
Boiling,  n.     Ebullition. 
Boisterous,  a.     I.    Roaring,  loud,  stormy. 

2.  Noisy,  furious,  tumultuous,  turbulent,  ve- 
hement, violent,  impetuous. 

3.  Noisy,  vociferous,  clamorous,  obstreperous, 
loud. 

Bold,  a.  I.  Fearless,  dauntless,  daring,  valiant, 
valorous,  doughty,  undaunted,  hardy,  intrepid, 
courageous,  brave,  heroic,  audacious,  adventur- 
ous, gallant,  spirited,  mettlesome,  manful,  manly, 
stout-hearted,  bold-spirited 

2.  Confident,  assured,  self-reliant,  self- 
possessed,  self-poised,  free  from   bashfulness. 

3.  Impudent,  insolent,  rude,  impertinent, 
saucy,  forward,  pushing,  assuming,  brazen-faced, 
bold-faced. 

4.  Conspicuous,  striking,  prominent,  standing 
out  to  the  view. 

5.  Steep,  abrupt,  precipitous,  prominent. 

Bold-faced,  a.     Impudent.     See  Bold. 

Boldness,  «.  I.  Fearlessness,  dauntlessness,  in- 
trepidity, courage,  bravery,  doughtiness,  daunt- 
lessness, adventurousness,  gallantry,  spirit,  met- 
tle, valor,  audacity,  daring,  pluck,  heroism,  hardi- 
hood, spunk. 

2.  Confidence,  assurance,  self-reliance,  self- 
possession,  self-poise,  confident  mien,  freedom 
from  bashfulness. 

3.  Impudence,  insolence,  sauciness,  rudeness, 
impertinence,  assurance,  effrontery,  presumption, 
brass,  face,  front. 

4.  Prominence,  striking  character  or  quality. 

5.  Steepness,  abruptness,  precipitousness, 
prominence. 

Bold-spirited,  a.    Courageous     See  Bold. 

Bole,  n-     I.   Body  {of  a  tree),  stem,  trunk 
2.   Bolus,  large  pill. 

Boll,  «.     Pod,  capsule,  pericarp. 

Bolster,  n.     Supporting  cushion. 

Bolster,  v  a.  Support  {something  weak  or  un- 
deserving), prevent  from  falling,  hold  up,  prop 
up,  defend,  maintain. 

Bolt,  n.     I.  Arrow,  dart,  shaft,  missile. 


2.  Thunderbolt,  stroke  of  lightning. 

3.  Metal  pin  or  fastening. 

4.  Sieve. 

Bolt,  V.  a.     I.    Fasten  with  a  bolt  <»r  bolts. 

2.  Swallow  {without  chewing),  gulp  down, 
swallow  whole. 

3.  Sift,  pass  through  a  sieve 

Bolt,  V.  n.  I.  Bounce,  start  suddenly,  spring  out 
abruptly. 

2.  Abscond,  make  off  rapidly,  run  away,  leave 
suddenly. 

Bolt-Upright,  a.     Perpendicular,  quite  upright. 

Bolus,  «.     Bole,  large  pill. 

Bombard,  v.  a.     Attack  with  bombs. 

Bombardment,  «.     Attack  with  bombs. 

Bombast,  «.  Fustian,  rodomontade,  rant,  altil- 
oquence,  magniloquence,  sesquipedalianism, 
grandiloquence,  sesquipedalia  verba,  turgid  talk, 
inflated  style,  swelling  or  pompous  phraseology. 

Bombastic,  a.  Inflated,  turgid,  tumid,  swelling, 
stilted,  grandiloquent,  magniloquent,  altiloquent, 
sesquipedalian,  pompous,  sophomorical,  high- 
flown,  high-sounding. 

Bona  fide.  [1  .]  Really,  truly,  actually,  sin- 
cerely,  in  good  faith,  upon  honor. 

Bonbon,  «.  Sugar-plum,  sweet,  confection,  sweet- 
meat. 

Bond,  n-  I.  Band,  ligature,  cord,  ligament,  fasten- 
ing, link. 

2.  [In  pi]  Fetters,  chains,  bondage,  cap- 
tivity, constraint,  durance,  imprisonment,  prison. 

3.  Tie,  connection,  attraction,  link,  union, 
attachment,  uniting,  influence 

4.  Obligation,  compact,  binding,  contract. 

5.  Promissory  note  {of  highest  obligation),  evi- 
dence of  debt. 

Bond,  a.  Enslaved,  slave,  in  bonds,  in  bondage, 
captive,  destitute  of  freedom. 

Bondage,  «^  Servitude,  slavery,  thraldom,  captiv- 
ity, imprisonment,  confinement,  bond-service, 
bonds,  restraint  of  personal  liberty." 

Bonds,  n.  pi.     See  Bond,  2 

Bone-ash,  n.  Bone-earth,  burnt  bones,  earthy 
matter  of  bones. 

Bone-black,  «.     Ivory -black,  animal  charcoal. 

Bone-earth,  «.     See  Bone-ash. 

Bone  of  contention.  Subject  of  contention,  sub- 
ject of  dispute. 

Boneset,  «.  Thoroughwort,  feverwort,  ague-weed, 
Indian  sage  {Eupatorium  perfoliatum) . 

Bonhomie,   «.   [Fr.]    Good-nature,  easy  humor. 

BonitO,  «.  Albicore,  horse-mackerel,  striped 
tunny  {Thynnus pelamys). 

Bon-mot,  «.  [Fr.]  Jest,  joke,  witticism,  witty 
repartee. 

Bonne-bouche,  «.  [Fr.]  Titbit,  delicacy,  nice 
bit,  delicate  morsel,  choice  morsel,  delicious 
mouthful. 

Bonnet-rouge,  «.     [Fr.]    Red  republican. 

Bonny,  a.  I.  Handsome,  beautiful,  fair,  fine, 
pretty. 

2.  Cheerful,  blithe,  sprightly,  buoyant,  airy, 
gay,  merry,  joyous,  jolly,  jocund,  winsome, 
buxom,  playful,  sportive,  jocose,  in  good  spirits, 
in  high  spirits. 

3.  Plump,  round,  chubby,  in  good  health. 
Bon-ton,   «.     [Fr.]      I.   High  mode,  fashionable 

style,  style  of  high  life. 
2.   Fashionable  society,  people  of  fashion,  the 

upper  ten. 
Bonus,   «.     [L.]     Premium,  reward,  honorarium, 

gift,  subsidy. 
Bon-vivant,    n.     [Fr.]      Luxurious    liver,    boon 

companion,  jovial  companion,  jolly  fellow. 
Booby,  n.     I.    Simpleton,  fool.     See  Dunce. 

2.    {Ornith)     Gannet,    noddy,    solan,    goose 

{Sula  bassana  or  fusca). 


BOOK 


65 


BOUNCE 


Bookt  n.     I.   Work,  volume. 

2.   Main  division  (of  a  written  work),  part. 

BooikeA.  up.  Posted,  well-informed,  au  fait,  au 
courant. 

Bookish,  a.  Given  to  reading,  fond  of  books,  fond 
of  study,  very  studious. 

Book-keeper, «.    Accountant. 

Book -learned,  a.   Versed  in  books. 

Book-madness,  «.    Bibliomauia. 

Book-maker, «.    I.  Compiler. 
2.   Bettor,  layer  of  odds. 

Book-makingt «.    I.    Compilation. 
2.    Betting,  laying  of  odds. 

Bookseller,  n.     Bibliopole,  bibliopolist. 

Bookstore,  «.  \.U,  SJ]     Bookseller's  shop. 

Bookworm,  «.  Great  reader  or  student  {without 
discrimination  and  without  definite  purpose). 

Booley,  «.     \.Irish.'\     Nomad,  wanderer. 

Boom,  V.  n.     I.    Roar,  resound,  drone,  hum. 
2.   Rush,  bound,  dash  forward. 

Boom,  n.  Resounding  noise,  roar,  booming,  dron- 
ing, deep  and  hollow  humming. 

Boon,  n.  I.  Gift,  present,  benefaction,  grant, 
favor. 

2.  Benefit,  blessing,   advantage,  good,  privi- 
lege. 

Boon,  a,     I.   Kind,  bountiful,  generous,  benign, 
benignant 
2.   Gay,  merry,  jovial,  jolly,  convivial. 

Boor,  n.  Rustic,  clown,  hind,  lout,  lubber,  swain, 
peasant,  bumpkin,  clodpole,  countryman,  plough- 
man. 

Boorish,  a.  Rustic,  rude,  clownish,  loutish,  bear- 
ish, awkward,  clumsy,  ungainly,  coarse,  rough, 
unrefined,  uncourtly,  ungraceful,  gawky,  lub- 
berly. 

Boosy,  a.    See  Boozy. 

Boot,  «.     Profit,  advantage,  gain,  premium. 

Boot,  V.  a-  [Generally  used  itnpersomilly.]  Profit, 
benefit,  advantage,  avail,  make  difference. 

Bootee,  «.     Bootikin,  half-boot,  short  boot. 

Bootikin,  n.     I.   Bootee,  half-boot,  short  boot. 
2.    Half-glove,  soft  glove,   mitten   {made    of 
oiled  skin  for  gouty  Persons). 

Bootless,  a.  Useless,  unavailing,  fruitless,  futile, 
unprofitable,  profitless,  valueless,  worthless,  in- 
effectual, abortive,  vain,  idle,  without  avail. 

Booty,  n.  Plunder  (to  be  used  for  any  purpose), 
spoil,  pillage.     See  Prey. 

Boozy,  a.  [Written  also  Boosy ^  Tipsy,  bemused, 
inebriated,  fuddled,  disguised,  maudlin,  mellow, 
halt-drunk,  half-seas-over,  in  liquor. 

Borax,  ».     Bi-borate  of  soda,  tincal. 

Border,  «.     I.      Edge,  rim,   brim,   verge,   brink, 
margin,  marge,  skirt. 
2.   Limit,  boundary,  confine,  frontier,  march. 

Border,  v.  a.  Put  a  border  upon,  adorn  with  a 
border,  make  a  border  for. 

Border  on.  I.  Adjoin,  be  in  contact  with,  be 
coterminous  with,  touch  at  the  side  or  end  or,  be 
contiguous  to,  lie  adjacent  to,  be  in  juxtaposition 
with,  border  upon. 

2.  Approach,  come  near  to,  approximate,  al- 
most reach,  want  but  little  of,  border  upon. 

Border  npon.    See  Bokder  on. 

Bore,  V.  a.     I.    Perforate,  pierce,  drill. 

2.   Weary  {by  tedious  ref>etition),  fatigue,  tire, 
tire  out,  plague,  trouble,  vex,  worry,  annoy. 

Bore,  n.     I.    Hole,  calibre. 

2.  Proser,  button-holer. 

3.  Eagre,  eger  or  eygre,  great  tidal  flood. 
Boreal,  a.     Northern,  northerly,  arctic. 
Boreas,  «.     The  north  wind. 

Boredom,  «.  I.  Realm  of  bores,  domain  of  bores, 
land  of  bores. 

2.   Bores,   the    aggregate    of    bores,  all    the 
bores. 


3.  Being   bored,    ennuif    tedium,   weariness, 
dulness. 

4.  Tiresomeness. 

Bom  again.  Regenerated,  regenerate,  converted, 
renewed  in  spirit. 

Borough,  n.  'lown  {in  England,  a  town  repre- 
sented in  Parliament),  township,  corporate  lown, 
corporation. 

Borrow,  y.  a.  I.  Take  or  receive  as  a  loan,  get 
on  credit,  obtain  on  trust. 

2.  Take,  appropriate,    adopt,    imitate,   make 
use  of. 

3.  Take  on,  simulate,  dissemble,  feign. 

B^Sge',  }  "•     ^*  Thicket,  grove,  shrubbery. 
2.   Foliage,  leafage,   shrubbiness,  leafiness. 

Bosh,  ».  Nonsense,  trash,  twaddle.  See  Bal- 
derdash. 

Bosk,  n.    Thicket,  grove,  bushes. 

Bosky,  a.  Shrubby,  woody,  leafy,  bushy,  sylvan, 
shady. 

Bosom,  n.     I.   Breast,  heart,  affection. 

2.  Hollow,   deep,   depth,   depths,    midst,    in- 
most  recesses. 

3.  Retirement,  quiet,  retreat,  inner  mystery, 
intimate  privacy. 

Bosom-friend,  n.  Confidant,  intimate  friend, 
dear  friend,  inseparable  companion. 

n.   I.  Protuberance,  knob,  stud,  protuberant 
part. 

2.    Superintendent,  overseer,  master-workman, 
master. 

V.  a.    Stud,  cover  with  bosses,  bestud,  em- 
boss. 

,  a.     Full  of  bosses,  covered  with  studs. 
Botch,  n.     I.   Pustule,  blotch,  blain,  sore 

2.   Failure,   miscarriage,   bad  work,   bad  job, 

clumsy  performance,  bungling  piece  of^  work. 

Botch,  V.  a.     I.  Mend  awkwardly,  patch  clumsily. 

2.   Put    together    unskilfully,    construct  in   a 

bungling  manner. 

Both,  a.    The  two,  the  one  and  the  other,  one  as 

well  as  the  other,  the  pair,  the  couple. 
Both,  conj      \_Preceding  a  word  or  phrase  which 
is  followed  ^^  and ;   Both  —  and.  ]    As  well  —  as  ; 
not     only  —  but     also;     not    only --but;     not 
alone  —  but. 
Bother,  v.   a.      Perplex,    worry,   harass,  trouble, 
annoy,  tease,  vex,   plague,   molest,   incommode, 
disturb,  pester,  pother. 
Bother,  «.    (Collog)    Perplexity,  vexation,  annoy- 
ance, plague,  trouble,  pother. 
Bottle-holder,    ».       I.     Second    (at    fisticujff's), 
backer. 

2.   Second,  supporter,  backer,  encourager,  ad- 
viser, abettor,  promoter,  subsidiary. 
Bottom,  n.     I.   Lowest  part,  base,  foot. 

2.  Foundation,  basis,  groundwork,  base. 

3.  Dale,  valley,  meadow,  alluvial  land. 

4.  Ship,  vessel,  sailing  craft. 

5.  Fundament,  seat,  buttocks. 

6.  Seat  (of  a  chair). 

7.  Stamina,  native  strength,  power  of  endur- 
ance. 

8.  Grounds,  lees,  dregs,  sediments. 
Bottom,  V.  a.     Found,  establish,  build. 
Bottom,  V.  n.     Rest  {Jbr  support),  be  based. 
Boudoir,    «.     [Fr.]      Cabinet,   private  room,  re- 
tired apartment. 

Bough.  «.     Branch,  limb,  shoot. 

BouUll,    n.      [Fr.]     Stew,    boiled   meat,  stewed 

meat. 
Bouillon,  n.    [Fr.]    Broth,  soup. 
Bounce,  n.     I.    Knock,  thump,  sudden  blow. 

2.  Bound,  leap,  jump,  spring. 

3.  (Collog.)    Boast,  vaunt,  brag. 

4.  (Collog  )■   Falsehood,  lie, bouncer,  whopper. 


BOUNCE 


66 


BRANCH 


BonilCe>  v  n-     I.   Bolt,  leap,  or  spring  suddenly. 

2.  Rebound,  recoil. 

3.  Knock,  thump.     See  Beat. 
Bounce,  v.  a.     Thrust,  drive  against. 
Bouncer,   «.    {CoUoq.)    I.    Roaster.     See  Blus- 
terer. 

2.  Falsehood,  lie,  whopper,  bounce. 

3.  Giant,  strapper,  huge  fellow,  huge  speci- 
men. 

Bouncing,    a,     {Collog.)      Stout,     lusty,    strong, 
portly,  burly,  huge,  great,  strapping. 

Bound,  n,     I.   Limit,  bourn,  border,  confine.    See 
Boundary. 
2.   Leap,  jump,  spring,  bounce. 

Bound,  V.  a.      Limit,   border,   terminate,  circum- 
scribe. 

Bound,  v.n.     I.  Jump,  leap,  spring. 
2.   Rebound,  spring  back. 

Bound,  a.     [Followed  by  to  or  for.'\    Destined, 
tending,  going,  on  the  way. 

Boundary,   «■      Limit,    border,    confine,    march, 
bourn,  bound,  verge,  term,  termination. 

Bounden,  a-   Obligatory,  binding,  appointed. 

Boundless,  a.  Unbounded,  unlimited,  unconfined, 
undefined,  immeasurable,  illimitable,  infinite. 

Bounteous,  a.     Liberal.     See  Bountiful. 

Bountiful,  a.     I.   Liberal,  munificent,  beneficent, 
generous,  princely,  bounteous. 

2.   Abounding,    abundant,    overflowing,    plen- 
teous. 

Bounty,  «.     I.     Liberality,    munificence,   benefi- 
cence, generosity. 

2.  Present,  gift,  benefaction. 

3.  Premium    {/or    encouragemeni),    reward, 
bonus. 

Bouquet,  n.     [Fr.]     I.   Nosegay,  bunch  of  flow- 
ers, posy. 

2.  Cluster  {e.  g.  of  gems),  bunch,  posy. 

3.  Aroma,  delicate  odor  and  flavor. 
Bourdon,  n.     I.    Walking-stafiE,  pilgrim's  staff. 

2.  Bagpipe-drone,  drone. 

3,  Bass-stop. 

Bourgeoisie,  n.    [Fr.]     Middle   classes  {especially 

sTich  as  depend  on  trade),  tradespeople,  townsfolk. 
Bourn,  n.     I.    Bound,  limit,  confine,  border.     See 

Boundary. 
2.    Brook,  torrent,  rivulet,  rill,  beck,  runnel, 

runlet,  burn. 
Bourse, «.    [Fr.]    Exchange. 
Bout,  «.     I.   Turn,  twist,  flexure,  curve,  curvature. 

See  Bend. 
2.   Conflict,  contest,  set  to,  trial. 
Bow,   V.  a.     I.   Bend,   inflect,   crook,   incurvate, 

curve,  make  crooked. 

2.  Incline,  turn  downward,  bend,  bend  down, 
droop,  drop. 

3.  Depress,    sink,   cast    down,    bring    down, 
crush,  subdue. 

4.  Attend  with  bows,  conduct  with  bows,  ex- 
press by  bows. 

Bow,  V.   n.      I.   Bend,  buckle,  be  inflected,  be 

bent,  give  way. 
2.    Incline  {in  token  of  respect,  reverence,  or 

submission),  bend  the  head,  make  a  bow. 
Bow,  «•   {Naut.)     Fore   part    {of  a   ship),   prow, 

beak,  stem,  fore-foot. 
Bowels,  «.  //.      I.   Intestines,  entrails,   viscera, 

inwards,  guts. 

2.  Inside,  interior,  interior  parts,  midst. 

3.  Compassion,  pity,  tenderness,  mercy,  merci- 
fulness, feeling,  fellow-feeling,  sympathy. 

Bower,   «.    I.    Arbor,  shady  recess,  shady  retreat, 
summer-house. 

2.  Bow-anchor,  working-anchor. 

3.  Knave  {of  the  triim.p  color). 
Bow-hand.  «.     I.   {Archery.)    The  left  hand. 

2.  {Mtis.)    The  right  hand. 


Bowl,  «.     I.   Goblet,  beaker. 

2.    Hollow,  depression,  receptacle. 
Bowman,  «      Arcuer,  sagittary. 
Bow-window,  «.     bay-window. 
Box,  «.     I.   Case,  receptacle,  chest. 

2.  Driver's  seat,  coachman's  seat. 

3.  Enclosed  seat  or  seats  {in  a  theatre). 

4.  Blow,  stroke,  cuff,  buffet. 

Box,  V.  a.  I.  Enclose  in  a  box,  case,  put  in 
chests  or  cases. 

2.    Strike  {;wiih  the  hand  or  fist,  as  the  ears), 
butfet,  cuff. 

Box,  V.  n.  Spar,  practise  pugilism,  play  at  fisti- 
cuffs, practise  with  the  gloves. 

Box-berry,  «.  Wintergreen,  tea-berry,  partridge- 
berry,  mountain-tea  {Gauliheria  proatmffens) 

Box-elder,  «.  Ash-leaved  maple  {Negundo  acer- 
aides,  Negundium  A  mericanitm). 

Boy,  «.   Lad,  stripling,  male  child. 

Boyish,  a.     I.    Of  boyhood. 
2.   Childish,  puerile. 

Boy-servant,  «.     Page,  serving-boy. 

Brace,  v.  a.  I.  Tighten,  draw  tight,  make  tense, 
strain  up. 

2.  Strengthen,    fortify,    support,    prop,    give 
strength  to. 

Brace,  «.     I.   Couple,  pair. 

2.  Prop,  support,  stay,  shore,  strut. 

3.  Bit-stock. 

Braces,  «.  //.     I.   Suspenders,  gallowses. 
2.    Straps  {on  which  a  carriage  rests). 

Brachygraphy,  «.  Stenography,  tachygraphy, 
tacheography,  shorthand. 

Bracing,  a.  Strengthening,  invigorating,  stimu- 
lating. 

Brackets,   n.  pi.    {Printing.)    Crotchets. 

Brackish,  a.     Saltish,  somewhat  salt. 

Brag,  V.  n.  Boast,  vaunt,  gasconade,  bluster, 
vapor,  flourish,  exalt  one's  self,  magnify  one's 
self,  talk  big. 

Brag,  n.  Boast,  vaunt,  gasconade,  bluster,  bra- 
vado, vaporing,  blattering,  braggadocio,  great 
cry  and  little  wool. 

Braggadocio,  «.     I.    Boaster,  blusterer,  vaunter, 
braggart,   bouncer,   vaporer,    blatterer,    gascon, 
vain-glorious  fellow. 
2.   Brag.     See  Boast,  «. 

Braggart,  «.     See  Boaster. 

Braggart,  a.     See  BoASTFUu 

Brahm,     l«.      {Hindoo  Mythol)    The    Eternal, 

Brahma,  )  the  Self-existent,  the  Supreme  Origi- 
nal, the  Immaterial  Substance,  God. 

Brahma,  n.  {Hindoo  Mythol.)  The  Creator,  the 
Creative  deity,  the  Formative  Energy  in  God. 

Brahman,  (  «.     [Written  also  Bramin  ]     Hindoo 

Brahmin,  \     priest. 

Braid,  v.  n.  Plait,  plat,  intertwine,  interweave, 
interlace,  weave  together. 

Brain-fever,  «.     Phrenitis,  meningitis. 

Brain-pan,  n.     Skull,  cranium. 

Brains,  n.  pi.  Understanding,  sense,  mind,  rea- 
son, intellect,  capacity,  intellectual  faculties. 

Brain-sick,  a.  Demented,  alienated,  fantastic, 
disordered,  crotchety,  crazed,  crazy. 

Brake,  n.     I.    Fern  (Pteris  aquilina), 
2.   Thicket,  brushwood,  jungle. 

Brake  up.  Put  down  the  brakes  {to  stop  a  rail- 
way  train). 

Bramah  press.   Hydraulic  press,  hydrostatic  press. 

Bramble,  n.  Brier-bush,  brier,  prickly  shrub, 
bramble-bush. 

Brambling,  «■  Mountain-finch,  bramble-finch, 
iFringilla  tnontifringilla). 

Branch,  «      I.    Bough,  limb,  shoot. 

2.  Offshoot,  ramification,  arm,  projecting  part. 

3.  Section,  department,  subdivision,  part,  por- 
tion, article,  member. 


BRANCH 


67 


BREAK  JAIL 


4.  Tributary,  affluent,  tributary  stream. 

5.  Derivative  line,  cognate  line,  member  of  a 
stock. 

Brancb,  v.n.  Diverge,  ramify,  spread  in  branches, 
shoot  off,  branch  off. 

Branchiae,  w.  //.  [L.]    Gills. 

Braachlng,  n.   Ramification,  arborescence. 

Branching,  a-  Arborescent,  arboriform,  dendri- 
form, dendroid,  dendritic. 

Branch  off.    Ramify.     See  Branch. 

Branch  out.    Expatiate,  be  diffuse,  speak  diffusely. 

Brand,  «.     I.    Fire-brand. 

2.  Thunderbolt,  lightning-flash,  bolt. 

3.  Mark  (of  a  hot  iron). 

4.  Kind,  quality,  grade. 

5.  Stigma,  stain,  reproach.    See  Blot. 

6.  {^Poetical.)    Sword. 

Brand,  v,  a.     I.  Mark  (^with  a  hot  iron),  mark  as 
a  criminal. 
2.   Stigmatize,  denounce,  gibbet. 

Brand-goose,  «.  Brant,  brent,  brant-goose,  brent- 
goose (a  nser  bernicla). 

Brandish,  v.  a.     Flourish,  wave,  shake. 

Brand-new,  I  a.     Quite  new,  fire-new,  spick  and 

Bran-new,    )      span  new,  span  new. 

Brangle,  n.  Squabble,  quarrel,  wrangle,  dispute, 
jangle,  bickering,  bandying  of  words,  war  of 
words,  branglement. 

Brangle,  v.  n.    Wrangle,  squabble.     See  Bicker. 

Brant,  «.  Brent,  brand-goose,  brant-goose  (.^«j^r 
bemicia,  Bernicia  brentd). 

Brash,  a.     I.    Hasty,  rash,  impetuous. 

2.  {Local,  U.  S.)  Brittle,  fragile,  easily 
broken. 

Brass,  ».     I.   Alloy  of  copper  and  zinc 

2.  Assurance,  boldness,  impudence,  imperti- 
nence, pertness,  effrontery,  presumption,  auda- 
city, forwardness,  face,  front. 

Brasisy,  a.  {Colloq.)  Bold,  pert,  assuming,  for- 
ward, brazen,  brazen-faced. 

Brat,  «.  {Term  of  contempt. ^  Child,  urchin, 
bantling,  infant,  bairn. 

Bravado,  n.  Boast,  boasting,  brag,  bluster,  storm- 
ing, furious  bombast. 

Brave,  a.  I.  Fearless  (from,  temperament), 
courageous,  intrepid,  daring,  undaunted,  daunt- 
less, valiant,  bold,  chivalrous,  chivalric,  gallant, 
valorous,  doughty,  heroic,  hardy,  spirited,  mettle- 
some, manful,  manly,  stout-hearted,  high-spirited, 
high-hearted,  Spartan,  lion-hearted. 

2.  Gay,  brilliant,  fine,  effective,  showy,  debo- 
nair. 

3.  Glowing,  ruddy,  splendid,  gorgeous,  efful- 
gent. 

Brave,  «.     I.   (Rare.)    Bully,  hector,  blusterer. 
2.    Indian  warrior. 

Brave,  v.  a.  Defy,  dare,  challenge,  set  at  de- 
fiance. 

Bravery,  «.  Fearlessness,  intrepidity,  audacity, 
valor,  gallantry,  daring,  boldness,  spirit,  mettle, 
pluck,  manhood,  heroism,  spunk.  See  Cour- 
age. 

Bravo,  n-  Bandit,  assassin,  assassinator,  mur- 
derer, cut-throat,  daring  villain. 

Bravo,  inter/.     Well  done. 

Brawl,  V.  «.     I,    Quarrel   (noisily),    dispute  (««- 

frily),     wrangle,     brangle,     jangle,    squabble, 
icker. 

2.  Roar,  resound. 
Brawl,  n.  Quarrel,  wrangle,  brangle,  jangle, 
squabble,  dispute,  uproar,  broil,  altercation, 
fracas,  squabble,  fray,  feud,  tumult,  disturbance, 
row,  mHie,  rumpus  (colloq.),  outbreak.  See 
Affray. 
Brawny,  a.  Muscular,  sinewy,  stalwart,  sturdy, 
athletic,  powerful,  strong,  vigorous,  lusty,  robust, 
strapping,  Herculean,  able-bodied. 


Bray,  v.  a.     Pound  (into  small  pieces  or  powder), 

bruise,  crush,  grind,  comminute,  triturate. 
Bray,  «.     I.   Ass's  cry. 

2.   Harsh  sound,   blare,   roar,   crash,   blatant 
voice. 
Bray,  v.  n.     I.    Utter  a  harsh  cry  (like  the  ass). 

2.   Make  a  harsh  sound,  clamor,  vociterate. 
Bra3dng,  a.     Blatant,  bellowing,  clamorous,  vocif- 
erous, noisy,  obstreperous. 
Braze,  v.  a.    Solder  with  brass. 
Brazen,  a.     I.   Made  of  brass. 

2.   Bold,  brazen-taced.     See  Brassy. 
Brazen-faced,  a.     Bold,  impudent,  assuming,  for- 
ward, pert,  saucy,  brazen.     See  Brassy. 
Brazier,  «.    I.   Worker  or  artificer  in  brass. 

2.    Pan  for  coals- 
Brazil-root,  «.     Ipecacuanha,  ipecac. 
Brazil- tea, «.    Mat^. 

Breach,  «.  I.  Break,  fracture,  rupture,  opening, 
chasm,  gap,  crack,  flaw,  fissure,  rent,  rift. 

2.  Infraction,  violation,  infringement,  non- 
observance. 

3.  Quarrel,  difference,  variance,  disagreement, 
dissension,  schism,  misunderstanding,  aiienauou, 
disaffection,  rupture,  falling  out. 

Bread,  ».  Food  {especially  food  made  of  grain), 
sustenance,  aliment,  nutriment,  nourishment,  sub- 
sistence, fare,  diet,  regimen,  victuals,  viands, 
provisions. 

Breadth, «.    i.  Width. 

2.   Largeness,  openness,    freedom,    liberality, 
generosity,  tolerance,  width  of  view. 
Break,  v.  a.     I.   Rend,  sever,  part,  dispart,  frac- 
ture, tear  asunder. 

2.  Shatter,  shiver,  smash,  batter,  dash  to 
pieces. 

3.  Enfeeble,  enervate,  weaken,  impair. 

4.  Tame,  make  tractable,  make  docile. 

5.  Make  bankrupt,  bankrupt. 

6.  Discard,  dismiss,  discharge,  degrade, 
cashier. 

7.  Violate,  infringe,  transgress,  disobey,  set  at 
nought. 

8.  Lessen  the  force  of  {jxs  a  fall),  mitigate. 
See  Assuage. 

9.  Interrupt,  stop,  intermit,  cut  short. 
10.   Disclose,  open,  unfold,  lay  open. 

Break,  v.  n.  I.  Be  shattered,  be  shivered,  be 
dashed   to  pieces. 

2.  Burst,  explode. 

3.  Open,  dawn,  appear, 

4.  Become  bankrupt. 

5.  Decline,  lose  health  or  strength. 
Break,  «.     I.    Breach,  opening,  gap,  fissure,  rent, 

rift,  chasm,  rupture,  fracture. 

2.  Interruption,  pause,  caesura. 

3.  Dawn,  dawning. 

Break  away.     I.   Escape   (against   resistance), 
break  loose. 
2.    Be  scattered,  be  dissipated. 

Break-hone  fever.     Dengue,  dandy-fever. 

Break  hulk.     Begin  to  unload. 

Break  down.  (Active.)  Crush,  overwhelm, 
overcome. 

Breakdown.     (Neuter.)     Fail,  give  out. 

Breakdown,  n.  Crash,  fall,  ruin,  downfall,  fail- 
ure, collapse. 

Breaker,  «.     Rock-broken  surge. 

Break  faith.  Be  faithless,  be  perfidious,  falsify 
one's  word. 

Break  forth.     Issue,  burst  out,  break  out. 

Break  ground.     Begin,  commence  operations. 

Break  ^.    I.    Make  an  irruption. 

2.  Intrude  one's  self,  take  up  the  discourse, 
begin  to  speak,  interrupt. 

Breaking,  «.     Rupture,  fracture. 

Break  jail.     Escape  from  jaiL 


BREAK  OF  DAY 


58 


BRIGHTEN 


Break  of  day.  Dawn,  dawning,  daybreak,  morn- 
ing, cockcrowing,  dayspring,  peep  of  day,  prime 
of  day,  first  blush  of  the  morning.     See  Morn. 

Break  Olf .  I.    Be  ruptured, 

2.   Desist,  cease,  stop,  leave  off. 

Break  out.     issue,  break  forth,  burst  out. 

Break  tke  ice.  Make  a  beginning,  prepare  the 
way,  open  a  way. 

Breakwater,  «.    Jetty,  pier,  mole. 

Break  witll.  Fallout,  part  friendship  with,  sepa^ 
rate  from,  give  up  association  with. 

Brea&t,  «.     I.    Bosom,  thorax,  chest, 

2.  Heart,  conscience,  affections. 

3.  Pap,  mammary  organ,  mamma,  udder, 
dug. 

Breast,  v.  a.  Face,  stem,  withstand,  oppose,  re- 
sist, bear  the  breast  agaiust. 

Breast-lwne, «.    sternum. 

Breastwork,  n.    {Fort.)    Parapet. 
Breath,  «.     I.    Respired  air. 

2.  Breathing,  respiration,  power  to  breathe. 

3.  Exhalation,  odor,  perfume,  aroma. 

4.  Life,  existence,  animation,  breath  of  hfe, 
vital  spark. 

5.  Respite,  pause,  rest. 

6.  Moment,  instant,  breathing-space. 

7«   Faint   movement,    slightest  motion,    faint 
breeze. 
Breathe,  IP.  n.     I.   Respire. 

2.  Live,  exist. 

3.  Pause,  rest,  take  breath,  have  a  respite. 
Breathe,  v.  a.     l.    Respire. 

2.  Exhale,  emit,  give  out,  throw  out. 

3.  Whisper,  utter  softly. 

4.  Indicate,  manifest,  express,  show,  send 
forth,  diffuse. 

Breathe  in.    Inhale,  draw  into  the  lungs. 
Breathe  out.    Expire,  force  out  of  the  lungs. 
Breathing,  «.     I.    Respiration. 

2.  Aspiration,  wish,  desire,  longing,  craving, 
yearning. 
Breathing,  a.     Living,  alive,  live. 
Breathing-hole, «.    Vent-hole. 
Breathless,  a.     I.  Out  of  breath. 

2.    Dead,  lifeless,  defunct. 
Breech,  n.     Hinder  part,  after  part,  butt. 
Breech-band,  «.     Breeching. 
Breeches,  n.  pi.     I.   Small-clothes,  knee-breeches. 

2.  Trousers,  pantaloons. 
Breeching,  «.     Breech-band. 
Breed,  v.  a.     I.    Bring  forth,  bear,  conceive  and 
bring  to  birth,  beget,  produce,  engender. 

2.  Nourish,  nurture,  foster,  bring  up,  rear, 
raise. 

3.  Discipline,  educate,  instruct,  train,  teach, 
school,  bring  up,  nurture,  rear. 

4.  Originate,  occasion,  beget,  produce,  en- 
gender, generate,  be  the  occasion  of,  give  rise 
to,  be  the  cause  of. 

Breed,  v.  n.  I.  Bring  forth  young,  produce  off- 
spring. 

2.  Be  bom,  be  produced,  have  birth,  arise, 
take  rise,  grow,  develop. 

3.  Raise  live-stock,  engage  in  breeding- 
Breed,  «,     Race  (of  animals),  lineage,   pedigree, 

progeny,  stock,  family,  line,  extraction,  strain. 
Breeding,   n.     I.    Procreation,   having  or  beget- 
ting offspring,  bearing,  bringing  forth. 

2.  Nurture,  education,  discipline,  instruction, 
training,  schooling,  rearing,  upbringing. 

3.  Deportment,  manners 

Breeze,  «.     I.   Zephyr,  air,  gentle  gale,  moderate 

wind,  light  wind. 
2.   {Colloq)    Quarrel,  disturbance,  commotion, 

noise,  tumult,  uproar,  stir,  agitation - 
Bregma,  ».     (Anat.)     Sinciput,  top  of  the  head. 
Brent,  «.     Brant,  brand-goose  {A  nser  bernicla). 


Brett,  «.     Britzska. 

Breviary,  «.    I.  Abridgment,  epitome,  compend, 
compendium,   summary,   synopsis,   syllabus,  ab- 
stract, digest,  brief,  conspectus,  outhne,  sum  and 
substance. 
2.   Prayer-book. 

Brevipennate,  a.    {Omitk.)    Short-winged. 

Brevity,  n.     I.   Briefness,  shortness. 

2.  Conciseness,  terseness,  compression,  suc- 
cinctness, pithiness. 

Brew,  V.  a.     I.   Prepare  by  fermentation. 

2.  Contrive,  plot,  devise,  project,  hatch,  con- 
coct, foment,  excite,  stir  up. 

Brew,  V.  n.     I.   Make  beer,  be  a  brewer. 
2.   Be  gathering,  be  forming. 

Brewery,  «.     Brew-house. 

Bribe,  «.  Reward  of  treachery,  price  of  corrup- 
tion, corrupting  gift. 

Bribe,  v.  a.  Suborn,  gain  by  a  bribe,  give  a  bribe 
to. 

Bridal,  a.  Nuptial,  connubial,  hymeneal,  matri- 
monial, conjugal. 

Bridal,  n.  Marriage,  wedding,  nuptials,  nuptial 
festival. 

Bridewell,  «.  Prison,  jail,  penitentiary,  work- 
house, house  of  correction. 

Bridge,  v.  a.  I.  Build  a  bridge  over  or  upon, 
span  with  a  bridge. 

2.  [Usually  with  over.l  Span,  traverse,  over- 
come, surmount- 

Bridle,  n.     Restraint,  curb,  check. 

Bridle,  v.  a.     I.    Put  a  bridle  on,  bit. 

2.  Restrain,  check,  curb,  control,  govern. 

3.  [Usually  with  up.~\  RufHe,  rustle,  bristle, 
toss  the  head,  be  incensed,  put  on  an  air  of 
offended  dignity. 

Brief,  a.  I.  Short,  concise,  succinct,  compendi- 
ous, laconic,  curt.  _ 

2.  Short,  transitory,  fleeting,  transient,  tem- 
porary, short-lived,  ephemeral. 

Brief,  «-  I.  Epitome,  compendium,  summary, 
synopsis,  syllabus,  abstract,  breviary,  abridg- 
ment, conspectus. 

2.  Pontifical  letter,  papal  rescript. 

3.  {Law.)    Writ,  precept. 

Briefless,  a.  Without  clients,  unretained,  unem- 
ployed, without  business. 

Briefly,  ad.  Concisely,  in  short,  in  brief,  in  a  few 
words. 

Brigand,  n.  Robber,  highwayman,  footpad,  free- 
booter, marauder,  outlaw,  bandit. 

Bright,  a.  I.  Luminous,  shining,  resplendent, 
glowing,  lustrous,  beaming,  gleaming,  glittering, 
glistening,  glistering,  twinkling,  beaming,  shim- 
mering, sparkling,  scintillating,  scintillant,  corus- 
cating, flashing,  flaming,  blazing,  dazzling,  irra- 
diant,  radiant,  brilliant,  effulgent,  refulgent, 
splendid,  luminiferous,  luciferous,  light,  vivid, 
nitid,  sheeny,  glossy,  burnished,  sunny,  orient, 
noon-day,  meridian,  noontide,  fulgid,  fulgent, 
beamy,  silvery,  argent. 

2.  Clear,  transparent,  lucid,  pellucid,  lucent, 
lambent,  cloudless,  untroubled,  limpid. 

3.  Illustrious,  glorious,  famous. 

4.  Acute,  ingenious,  discerning,  keen.  See 
Intelligent. 

5.  Auspicious,  cheering,  promising,  propitious, 
encouraging,  favorable,  enlivening,  inspiriting, 
exhilarating,  inspiring. 

6.  Merry,  lively,  cheerful,  cheery,  happy, 
sprightly,  genial,  smiling,  pleasant,  animated, 
vivacious. 

Bright,  «.  Brightness,  light,  splendor,  effulgence, 
sheen,  radiance,  lustre,  luminosity,  luminous- 
ness. 

Brighten,  v.  a.  I.  Polish,  burnish,  furbish,  make 
bright,  illuminate,  illumine,  illume,  irradiate. 


BRIGHTEN 


69 


BROOM 


2.  Make  cheerful,  make  joyous,  cheer,  ani- 
mate, enliven,  encourage,  hearten,  exhilarate, 
inspirit,  inspire. 

Brignteilf  »•  n.  Grow  bright  or  brighter,  clear, 
clear  up,  improve,  grow  better,  become  more  en- 
couraging. 

Brightness,  «.  I.  Lustre,  splendor,  brilliancy, 
radiance,  resplendence,  effulgence,  light,  sheen, 
luminousness,  luminosity,  shine,  glow,  blaze, 
gloss,  burnish,  gleam,  gleaming,  beam,  beaming, 
flash,  flashing,  flame,  flaming,  sparkle,  spark- 
ling. 

2.  Clearness,  transparency,  lucidity,  lucency, 
translucency,  limpidity,  cloudlessness,  uncloud- 
edness. 

3.  Acuteness,  ingenuity,  sagacity,  acumen, 
astuteness,  discernment,  mother-wit,  quick  parts. 

4.  Cheerfulness,  cheeriness,  merriment,  liveli- 
ness, happiness,  sprightliness,  vivacity,  vivacious- 
ness,  animation,  geniality,  lightness. 

Btilliancy,  «.  I.  Splendor,  lustre,  brightness, 
effulgence,  refulgence,  radiance,  shine,  sheen, 
gloss,  glister,  glitter,  gleam,  sparkle,  sparkling, 
brilliance. 

2.  Fame,  illustriousness,  renown,  distinction, 
eminence,  celebrity,  prominence,  excellence,  pre- 
eminence, force. 

BrilUant,  a.  I.  Sparkling,  glittering,  splendid, 
lustrous,  shining,  bright,  beaming,  radiant,  efful- 

§ent,  refulgent,  resplendent,  glistening,  gleaming. 
;ee  Bright,  i. 

2.  Illustrious,  glorious,  celebrated,  famous, 
renowned,  distinguished,  eminent,  admirable. 

3.  Striking,  prominent,  decided,  unusual,  im- 
pressive, signal,  dazzling. 

Brilliant,  «.     Diamond  {cut  into  facets). 

Brim,  «.     I.   Edge,  border,  rim,  verge,  margin, 

skirt,  brink. 
2.   Shore,  bank,  border,  margin,  marge,  rim, 

sands,  coast. 
Brimful,  a.  Quite  full,  full  to  the  brim,  choke-full, 

or  chock-full,  or  chuck-full,  full  to  overflowing. 

Brimstone, «.    I.  Sulphur. 

2.    \_Cominercial  term.'}    Cane  brimstone,  roll 
sulphur,  stick  sulphur. 
Brlnded,  J        xahhv 
Brindled,  ('"•    ^^^^y- 
Brine,  «.     I.   Salt  water. 

2.   Sea,  ocean,  deep,  main. 
Bring,  v.  a.     I.   Convey,  bear,  fetch. 

2.  Conduct,  convey,  lead,  guide,  attend,  ac- 
company, convoy. 

3.  Produce,  gain,  procure,  obtain,  be  the  cause 
of,  be  the  means  of. 

4.  Draw,  lead,  induce,  prevail  upon. 

Bring  about.     Effect,  achieve,  accomplish,  bring 

to  pass. 
Bring  back.     I.    Recall,  call  to  mind,  recover, 

recollect. 
2.   Restore,  return. 
Bring  down.     Humble,  abase. 
Bring  forth.     I.   Give  birth  to,  bear. 

2.   Produce,  exhibit,  show,  expose,  bring  out, 

bring  to  light,  make  manifest. 
Bring  forward.     Introduce,  propose,  bring  in. 
Bring  near.     See  Approximate. 
Bring  on.     Originate,  give  rise  to,  occasion. 
Bring  out.     Produce,  expose,  shuw,  exhibit,  bring 

forth,  bring  to  light. 
Bring  over.     I.    Bear  across,  fetch  over. 

2.   Convert,  win  over. 
Bring  to.   I,  Check  the  course  of  (farV/<7/*ajAjr». 

2.   Resuscitate,  revive. 
Bring  under.    Subdue,  repress,  restrain,  conquer, 

get  the  better  of. 
Bring  up.    Educate,  instruct,  rear,  nurse,  breed, 

nurture. 


Brink,  «.     I.   Edge,  border,  margin,  verge,  brow. 
2.    Shore,   bank,   brim,  rim,  margin,   marge, 

sands,  border. 
Briny,  a.  Salt, 
Brisk,  a.     Active,   lively,    quick,    agile,    nimble, 

smart,  alert,  spry,  spirited,  vivacious,  sprightly. 
Bristle,  v.  a.    I.   Point  with  a  bristle,  fasten  a 

bristle  on. 
2.   Make  bristly,  roughen,    erect  in    bristles, 

corrugate,  bethorn,   bespine,  ruffle. 
Bristle,  v.  n.     I.     Stand  on  end,  stand  up  like 

bristles. 

2.  Be  horrent. 

3.  [With  «/.]  Become  irritated,  show  anger, 
take  offence,  ruffle,  bridle. 

Brittle,  a.  Fragile,  crumbling,  shivery,  frail,  fran- 
gible, brash,  easily  broken  (J.tUo  pieces)^  easily 
shivered. 

Britzska,  n.    Brett. 

Broach,  v.  a.  I.  Pierce,  tap,  set  running,  open 
{/or  the  first  time). 

2.  Open  {a  subject),  suggest,  hint,  approach 
one  on,  break. 

3.  Utter,  publish,  proclaim,  give  out. 
Broached,  a.     Tapped,  abroach,  on  tap. 
Broad,  a.     I.  Wide. 

2.  Large,  ample,  extensive,  expanded,  ex- 
tended, vast,  wide-reaching,  spacious,  capacious. 

3.  Liberal,  uncontracted,  large,  large-minded, 
enlarged,  hospitable,  tolerant,  free  from  narrow- 
Dess. 

4.  Spread,  diffused,  open. 

5.  Gross,  indelicate,  vulgar,  indecent,  unre- 
fined, coarse. 

Broaden,  v.  a.  Widen,  make  broad,  enlarge,  lib- 
eralize. 

Broadside,  «.     I.   Cannonade  (Jrom  all  the  guns 
on  the  side  of  a  ship). 
2.   Placard,  bill,  poster,  hand-bill. 

Brochure, «.     [Fr.]     Pamphlet. 

Brock,  «.     Badger,  bawson,  bawsin. 

Broil,  «.  Afiray,  fray,  quarrel,  contention,  feud. 
See  Brawl. 

Broken,  a.  I.  Shattered,  shivered,  rent,  severed, 
separated. 

2.  Weakened,  impaired,  feeble,  enfeebled, 
shattered,  shaken,  spent,  wasted,  exhausted. 

3.  Imperfect,  defective,  hesitating,  stammering, 
halting,  stumbling. 

4.  Humble,  lowly,  penitent,  contrite. 

5.  Abrupt,  craggy,  steep,  precipitous,  rough. 
Broken-hearted,  a.     Disconsolate,  inconsolable, 

comfortless,  cheerless,  sad,  sorrowful,  melancholy, 
woe-begone,  forlorn,  undone,  crushed,  broken- 
down,  despairing,  hopeless,  quite  dispirited, 
heart-broken,  in  despair. 

Broker,  «.  Factor,  agent,  middleman,  go-between. 

Bronze,  «.     I.   Alloy  of  copper,  tin,  and  zinc. 

2.  Brown,  brown  color. 

3.  Brass,  impudence,  assurance,  effrontery. 
Bronze,  v.  a.     I.    Brown,  embrown,  embronze. 

2.  Harden,  indurate,  render  insensible  or  un- 
feeling. 

Brooch,  n.     Pin,  clasp,  broach. 

Brood,  V.  n.     I.    Incubate,  sit. 

2.   Lie  outspread,  lie  incumbent,  lie  low. 

Brood,  n,     I.    Offspring,  progeny,  issue. 

2.  Breed,  sort,  kind,  line,  lineage,  strain,  ex- 
traction. 

Brood  over.  Dwell  upon,  think  anxiously  upon, 
morbidly  meditate. 

Brook,  «.  Rivulet,  streamlet,  run,  runnel,  runlet, 
rill,  bum,  beck,  small  stream. 

Brook,  V.  a.  Endure,  bear,  abide,  tolerate,  suffer, 
put  up  with,  submit  to,  bear  with,  take  patiently 
or  easily 

Broom,  n.     Besom. 


BROTH 


60 


BULBUL 


Brothf  ft.  Soup  {in  which  meat  has  been  macer- 
ated). 

Brothel,  n.  Bagnio,  stew,  bawdy-house,  bordel, 
house  of  prostitution,  house  of  ill-fame. 

Brotberhoodr  n.  I.  Relation  of  a  brother,  body 
of  brethren. 

2.  Brotherliness,  mutual  kindness,  friendliness, 
fraternal  feeling,  brotherly  love. 

3.  Fraternity,  association,  sodality,  society, 
clique,  coterie,  clan,  junto. 

Brotherly,  a.      Fraternal,  affectionate,  kind,  ami- 
cable, friendly,  cordial. 
Brow,  n.     I.    Eyebrow. 

2.  Forehead. 

3.  Edge  ((W  of  a  precipice),  brink,  border. 
Browbeat,  v.  a.    Bully,  overbear,  beat  down,  treat 

insolently. 

Brown  study.  Reverie,  musing,  abstraction,  pre- 
occupation, absence,  absence  of  mind. 

Brownwort,  «.     Yellow  figwort. 

Browse,  n.    Tender  twigs  of  shrubs  and  trees. 

Browse,  v.  a.     Nibble,  crop,  feed  upon. 

Browse,  v.  n.     I.  Feed  on  browse. 
2.   (CoUoq)     Live  precariously. 

Bruin,  «.     {Colloq.)     Bear. 

Bruise,  v.  a.     I.     Crush,  squeeze,  contuse. 

2.  Break,  batter,  pound,  bray,  pulverize,  com- 
minute, triturate,  break  to  pieces. 

3.  Indent,  batter,  deface. 
Bruise,  «      Contusion. 

Bruit,  n.  Rumor,  fame,  report,  hearsay,  tovni-talk. 

Bruit,  V.  a.  Report,  noise,  b.aze,  blazon,  o^- spread 
abroad. 

Brunt,  n.     Shock,  heat  of  onset. 

Brush,  n.  I.  Skirnubh,  engagement,  rencounter, 
encounter,  contest,  fight,  conflict,  collision,  action, 
affair. 

2.  Thicket,  bushes,  shrubs,  underwood,  brush- 
wood. 

Brushwood,  n.  Underwood,  shrubs,  bushes,  brush. 

Brusque,  )  a.    Rude,  rough,  blunt,  unceremonious, 

Brusk,  )  abrupt,  bluff,  gruff,  ungentle,  uncivil, 
ungracious,  bearish,  discourteous,  uncourteous, 
impolite. 

Brutal,  a.  I.  Savage,  ferocious,  cruel,  inhuman, 
unfeeling,  barbarous,  barbarian,  fell,  barbaric, 
ruthless,  truculent,  bloody,  brutish,  brute. 

2.  Churlish,  gruff,  bearish,  harsh,  uncivil, 
rude,  rough,  impolite,  unmannerly,  brusque,  un- 
gentlemanly. 

3.  Gross,  coarse,  sensual,  carnal,  brutish, 
beastly,  bestial. 

Brutality,  n.  Savageness,  inhumanity,  barbarity, 
cruelty,  brutishness,  ferocity,  truculence,  hardness 
of  heart. 

Brute,  n.     I.   Beast  (J.n  a  wild  state),  quadruped, 
four-footed  animal,  ferocious  animal. 
2.   Ruffian,  barbarian,  brutal  monster. 

Brute,  a.     I.   Irrational,  void  of  reason. 

2.  Dumb,  speechless,  inarticulate,  silent, 
voiceless,  destitute  of  language. 

3.  Bestial,  savage,  barbarous.     See  Brutal. 

4.  Rough,  rude,  uncivilized. 
Brutish,  a.     I,   See  Brutal. 

2.  Irrational,  brute. 

3.  Stupid,  dull,  insensible,  stolid. 

4.  Gross,  carnal,  sensual,  bestial,  beastly. 
Brutum    fulmen.     [L.]     Harmless    thunderbolt, 

loud  but    harmless   threatening,    empty   sound, 
"sound  and  fury,  signifying  nothing.' 
Buhhle,  «.     I.    Bleb,  blob,  fluid  vesicle. 

2.  Trifle,  bagatelle,  small  matter. 

3.  Cheat,  delusion,  hoax,  false  show. 
Buccaneer,   «.     Pirate,    corsair,    sea-rover,     sea- 
robber,  freebooter,  picaroon. 

Buck,  n.  I.  Male  {of  the  deer,  sheep,  goat,  rabbit, 
and  hare). 


2.  Blade,   spark,  gallant,  blood,  fop,  dandy, 
beau  ;    gay,  dashing  fellow. 

3.  Lye,  bleaching-matter,  bleaching-liquid. 
Buckish,  a.  Gay,  dashing,  dandified,  foppish. 
Buckle,  n.     I.   Clasp,  brooch,  broach. 

2.   Curl,  crimp,  crimpage. 
Buckle,  V.  a.     Fasten  with  a  buckle. 
Buckle,   V.  n.     I.   Bend,  bow,   double  up,  curl, 

shrivel. 
2.   {Rare.)    Struggle,  contend,  strive. 
Buckle  one's  self.     Apply  vigorously,   set  one's 

self  earnestly. 
Buckler,  «.     I.   Shield,  segis. 

2.   Defence,  protection,  safeguard. 
Bucolic,  n.    Edogue,  pastoral,  idyl,  pastoral  poem. 
Bucolic,     J        T3    ^     1 
Bucolical,  1  '^'     Pastoral,  rustic. 
Bud,  n.     Germ,  gem,  bourgeon,  sprout,  shoot. 
Bud,  V.  n.     Sprout,  shoot,  push,  bourgeon,  genni- 

nate,  vegetate,  pullulate,  put  forth,  burst  forth, 

shoot  forth. 
Budge,  V.  n.    Stir,  move,  go,  move  the  least,  flinch. 
Budget,    n.     I.    Bag    {with    its    contents),    pack, 

packet,  parcel,  package,  bundle,  roll. 

2.  Stock,  store,  batch,  lot,   set,  assortment, 
collection. 

3.  Governmental  estimate,  fiscal  estimate. 
Buff,  n.     Buff-skin. 

Buff,  a.     I.   Light  yellow. 

2.   Made  of  buff  or  buff-skin. 


Buffalo,  n.     iU.S.-]     Bison. 
"     .  "    ffing-£ 

sion-guard. 


Buffer,  n.     I,   Bufiing-apparatus,  guard,  concus- 


2.   Stupid  lout,  clown,  dolt,  duffer. 
Buffet,  n.   I.   Slap,  box,  knock,  stroke,  rap,  blow, 
cuff. 

2.  Cupboard,  sideboard. 

3.  Refreshment-counter,  luncheon-board. 
Buffet,  V.  a.  I.  Beat,  box,  slap,  strike,  smite,  cuff. 

2.   Struggle  against,  contend  against,  resist. 

Buffle-headed,  a.  Dull,  doltish,  foolish,  blockish, 
simple,  witless,  thick-skulled,  stolid,  loutish, 
beetle-headed,  ox-headed,  muddle-headed.  See 
Stupid. 

Buffoon,  «-  Mountebank,  harlequin,  jester,  droll, 
merry-andrew,  punch,  punchinello,  clown,  zany, 
scaramouch,  fool,  antic,  jack-pudding,  pickle- 
herring. 

Buffoonery,  «.  Jesting  {of  a  low  sort),  mummery, 
foolery,  tomfoolery,  harlequinade,  low  pranks, 
vulgar  tricks. 

Buff-Skin,  n.    Buff. 

BugahOO,  n.    See  Bugbear. 

Bugbear,  n.  Hobgoblin,  spectre,  ogre,  bugaboo, 
Gorgon,  hydra,  frightful  object,  raw  head  and 
bloody  bones,  object  of  baseless  terror. 

Bugle,  «.     I.    Hunting-horn,  bugie-hom. 

2.  {Mil.)    Call-bugle,  keybugle. 

3.  Elongated  bead,  drop-ornament. 
Build,  V.  a.     Construct,  erect,  raise,  fabricate. 
Build,  V.  n.     Construct  edifices. 

Build,  n.    Make,  form,  shape,  construction,  model, 

figure. 
Building,  «.     I.   Construction. 

2.    Structure,  edifice,  erection,  fabric,  pile. 
Build  up.     Establish,   settle,   preserve,   mcrease, 

strengthen. 
Build  Upon.     Depend  on,  rest  on,  repose  on,  rely 

upon,  calculate  upon,  reckon  upon,  count  upon. 
Bulb,  «.     I.   {Bot.)    Scaly  bud  {like  those  of  t/ie 

onion  and  tJte  tulip). 
2.    Protuberance. 
Bulbous,  <z.     I.  {Bot.)  Like  a  bulb,  having  bulbs, 

bulb-like. 
2.  Round,  roundish,  protuberant,  swelling  out. 
Bulbul,  n.     (Persian)  nightingale  {Pyconotusjoco- 

sus). 


BULGE 


61 


BURN 


Balsei  n.  Protuberance,  bilge,  belly,  swell,  swelling. 

Bulge*  V.  n.  Protrude,  jut  out,  swell,  be  protuber- 
ant. 

Bulk,  n.  I.  Magnitude,  size,  volume,  mass,  di- 
mensions. 

2.  Largeness,  bulkiness,  great  size,  bigness, 
massyness,   massiveness,  greatness,   amplitude. 

3.  Majority,  mass,  body,  major  part,  most, 
mam  part,  greater  part,  principal  part. 

Balkhead,  n.    {N'aut.)     Partition,  dividing  wall. 
Bulky,  a.     Large,  great,  big,  huge,  vast,  massive, 

massy,  of  great  size  or  bulk. 
Bull,  n.     I.   Male  (usually  of  bovine  animals). 

2.  Edict  {issued  by  the  Pope),  rescript. 

3.  Blunder  {involving  a  contradiction),  gross 
mistake. 

4.  {Astron.)     Taurus. 

5.  Speculator  on  a  rise,  stimulator  of  the  stock- 
market. 

Bull-head,  n.  I.  Blockhead,  simpleton,  fool. 
See  Dunce. 

2.  Horn-pout,  mud-pout,  cat-fish  {Pimelodus 
cattus). 

Bully,  n.  I,  Blusterer,  swaggerer,  vaporer,  hector, 
fire-eater.  Hotspur,  mock  hero,  swasli-buckler, 
browbeater,  bully-rook,  bully-rock,  domineering 
storraer. 

2.  Desperado,  villain,  blackguard,  bawd-pro- 
tector, harlot's  henchman. 

Bully,  V.  a.  Browbeat,  overbear,  intimidate  with 
threats,  treat  insolently. 

Bullying,  a.  Blustering,  swaggering,  vaporing, 
vaunting,  hectoring,  bluff,  gruff,  bearish. 

Bullying,  n.  Bluster,  swagger,  fanfaronade,  gas- 
conade, vaporing,  hectoring,  fire-eating,  mock- 
heroics,  browbeating,  domineering. 

Bulwark,  «._    I.   Rampart,  redoubt,  fortification. 
2.   Security,  safeguard,  palladium,  protection, 
main  reliance,  chief  defence. 

Bumble-bee,  «.     Humble-bee. 

Bump,  n.  I.   Thump,  knock,  blow,  shock,  jar,  jolt. 

2.  Swelling,  protuberance,  lump. 

3.  (.Colloquial,  in  allusion  to  the  doctritie  of 
Phrenology  that  protuberances  on  the  skull  indi- 
cate/acuities of  the  mind).  Faculty,  power,  en- 
dowment, gift. 

Bump,  V.  a.     Knock,  thump,  strike,  hit. 

Bump,  V.  n.  I.  Come  in  contact,  strike  together, 
strike,  thump. 

2.  Boom  \as  the  bittern),  make  a  hollow,  re- 
sounding noise. 

Bumper,  «.  Full  glass,  flowing  bowl,  brimming 
beaker,  brimmed  goblet. 

Bumpkin,  «.  Rustic,  peasant,  clodpoll,  clown, 
boor,  hind,  lout,  lubber,  swain,  ploughman, 
country-fellow,  chaw-bacon  (colloq.). 

Bumptious,  a.  {Collog.)  Conceited,  vain,  egotis- 
tical, self-opinionated,  self-conceited. 

Bunch,  n.  I.  Protuberance,  hunch,  knob,  lump, 
bump. 

2.  Cluster  {as  of  grapes) 

3.  Batch,  assortment,  lot,  set,  parcel,  collection, 
group. 

4.  Tuft,  knot. 

Bundle,  n.    Package,  pack,  packet,  parcel,  budget, 

roll. 
Bundle,  v.  a.    Tie  in  a  bundle,  put  into  bundles, 

bundle  up. 
Bundle,  v.  n.     I.   Depart  hurriedly,  set  oflF  in  a 

hurry. 

2.   Sleep  together  {without  undressing). 
Bundle  Off.     (Active.)     Send  off  in  a  hurry,  hurry 

off. 
Bundle  out.     Hustle  out,  thrust  out. 
Bundle  up.     (Active.)     Bundle,  wrap  up. 
Bungle,   V.   a.     Botch,   do  clumsily,    mismanage, 

make  a  botch  of,  make  a  mess  of. 


Btmgle,  V.  n.    Work  clumsily,  be  a  botcher. 

Bungler,  «.  Botcher,  lout,  mismanager,  lubber, 
fuiiibler,  clumsy  workman,  bad  hand  (at  any- 
thing), fresh-water  sailor. 

BungUng,  a.     I.   Clumsy,  awkward,  unhandy,  un- 
skilful, maladroit,  inapt. 
2.   Ill-done,  botched. 

Bunk,  «.    (Collog.  U.  S.)    Berth,  bed. 

Bunk,  V.  n.    (Collog.  U.  S.)    Lie  (in  a  bunk),  sleep. 

Bunker,  n.     Bin,  crib. 

Bunt,  V.  n.  (Collog.)  Butt,  strike  with  the  head 
or  the  horns. 

Buoy,  n.  Float  (to  indicate  shoals,  anchoring' 
places,  etc.). 

Buoyancy,  n.  I,  Lightness,  levity,  specific  light- 
ness. 

2.  Vivacity,  liveliness,  sprightliness,  cheerful- 
ness.    See  Gavetv. 

Buoyant,  a.     I.   Tending  to  float,  light. 

2.  Cheerful,  hopeful,  liveiy,  sprightly,  viva- 
cious, animated,  spirited,  joyful,  joyous,  gay, 
blithe,  blithesome,  jocund,  sportive,  elated,  jubi- 
lant, in  good  spirits,  in  high  spirits,  full  of  life, 
full  of  spirit. 

Buoy  up.  I.  Float,  keep  afloat,  bear  up,  keep  on 
the  surface. 

2.  Encourage,  sustain,  keep  up,  keep  in  spirits, 
keep  in  heart,  hearten,  embolden,  reassure. 

Burbot,  n.     Eel-pout,  Coney-fish  (Lota  vulgaris). 

BSm?A,}«-     I-   Load,  weight. 

2.  Cargo,  freight,  lading 

3.  Capacity,  carrying  capacity,  tonnage. 

4.  Encumbrance,  clog,  impediment,  incubus, 
grievance,  trial,  trouble,  sorrow,  affliction,  drag 
weight,  dead  weight. 

5.  Chorus,  refrain. 

6.  Main  topic,  drift,  tenor,  point,  substance, 
reiterated  doctrine. 

Burden,  v.  a.  Load,  overload,  overlay,  oppress, 
surcharge,  put  a  burden  upon,  grieve,  try,  afflict. 

Burdensome,  a.     I,    Heavy,  oppressive,  onerous. 
2.  Troublesome,  grievous,   afflicting,  hard  to 
bear. 

Bureau,  «.     I.   Chest  of  drawers. 

2.  Office,  counting-room,  place  of  business. 

3.  Department  (o/  Government). 
Burgall,  n.     Conner,  cunner,  chogset,  blue  perch- 
Burgher,  «.     Townsman,  citizen,   dweller  in  the 

town. 

Burglar,  «.     House-breaker. 

Burglary,  ».     House-breaking. 

Burial,  «.  Interment,  sepulture,  inhumation,  en- 
tombment, burying. 

Burial-ground,  «.  Cemetery,  grave-yard,  burying- 
ground,  church-yard,  necropolis,  God's  Acre. 

Burin,  «.     Graver,  style. 

Burke,  v.  a.  I.  Suffocate,  murder  by  suffocation, 
smother  to  death. 

2.  Smother,  suppress,  shelve,  bury,  shuffle 
aside. 

Burlesque,  a.  Caricaturing,  travestjring,  parodying, 
parodical,  ridiculing. 

Burlesque,  «.  Caricature,  travesty,  parody,  farce, 
ludicrous  representation,  piece  of  ridicule 

Burlesque,  v.  a.  Caricature,  travesty,  make  ludi- 
crous or  ridiculous 

Burly,  a.  I.  Stout,  lusty,  brawnv,  portly,  bulky, 
strone,  strapping,  bouncing  (collog  ). 

2.  (Obsolescent.)  Boisterous,  noisy,  blustering, 
swaggering,  bullying,  hectoring,  coarse  and  rough. 

Bum,  V.  a.  I,  Consume  (with  fire),  reduce  to 
ashes. 

2.  Calcine,  char,  scorch,  toast,  parch,  bake. 

3.  Injure  by  fire  or  heat. 

4.  Shrivel,  cause  to  wither. 

5.  Tan,  bronze,  brown,  embrown. 


BURN 


BY  AND  BY 


Born,  V.  n.    I.   Flame,  be  on  fire. 

2.  Glow,  warm,  be  excited. 

3.  Tingle,  be  hot,  be  feverish. 

Burn,   n.     IScoic/t.']     Brook,    rivulet,    streamlet, 
runnel,  runlet,  rivulet,  rill,  beck,  small  stream. 
BurniJlg,  a.     I.   Fiery,  flaming,  hot,  scorching. 

2.  Glowing,  ardent,  feivent,  fervid,  impas- 
sioned, intense,  earnest. 

3.  Vehement,  powerful. 

4.  Feverish,  fevered,  hot.       » 
Burning-glass,  «.     Convex  lens. 

Burnish,  v.  a.  Polish,  furbish,  brighten,  make 
bright,  make  glossy,  make  glisten  <?;- glistening. 

Burn  one's  fingers.  Get  one's  self  into  trouble 
{as  by  meddling  in  the  affairs  of  others^  or  by 
speculation),  smart  for  it,  get  scorched. 

Bursar,  n.     I.   Treasurer,  cashier  {o/  a  college  or 
monastery). 
2.    Holder  of  a  bursary. 

Bursary,  n.     I.    Treasury,  pay-office. 
2.    Prize,  stipendiary  reward  or  gift. 

Burst,  V  ti.     I.   Break  open  {from  internal  pres- 
sure)^ fly  open,  be  rent  asunder,  explode,  blow 
up,  split,   split  open,  crack. 
2»    Break  (out  or  forth  or  upon)  suddenly. 

Burst,  V.  a-  Rend  asunder,  break  open,  split 
apart. 

Burst,  n,    I.  Explosion.    See  Bursting. 

2.  Sudden  rush,  outpouring,  gust,  breaking 
forth. 

Bursting,  «.  Explosion,  disruption,  blast,  blasting, 
burst. 

Bury,  V,  a.  I,  Cover  {with  earthy  etc.),  cover 
up. 

2.  Inter,  inhume,  entomb,  inurn,  inearth, 
lay  in  the  grave,  consign  to  the  grave. 

3.  Hide,  conceal,  secrete,  shroud. 

4.  Immure,  confine,  plunge  into  retirement. 

5.  Cover  with  oblivion,  utterly  forget,  hide 
beyond  remembrance,  lay  aside  forever,  cancel, 
compose,  hush. 

Burying,  «.  Interment,  sepulture,  inhumation, 
entombment,  burial. 

Buiying-ground,  n.  Cemetery.  See  Burial- 
ground. 

Bury  the  hatchet.  Make  peace,  be  reconciled, 
sheathe  the  sword,  put  up  the  sword. 

Bush,  n.     Shrub. 

Bushel,  n.  Four  pecks,  eight  gallons,  thirty-two 
quarts. 

Business,  n.  I.  Calling,  employment,  occupa- 
tion, pursuit,  vocation,  profession,  craft,  avoca- 
tion, walk  of  life. 

2.  Trade,  commerce,  traffic,  dealing. 

3.  Concern,  matter,  affair,  transaction. 

4.  Office,  duty,  function. 

Buskin,   n.      I.    Half-boot    {especially  one  with 
high  soles,  worn  by  the  ancient  tragedians). 
2.   Tragedy,  tragic  drama. 

Buskined,  a.     I.   Dressed  in  buskins. 
2.   {Rare.)    Tragic. 

Buss,  V.  a.     {Colloq. )    Kiss. 

Buss,  n.     Kiss,  smack. 

Bustle,  V.  n.  Fuss,  stir  about,  busy  one's  self,  be 
active,  be  busy,  bestir  one's  self,  make  a  fuss,  be 
in  a  fidget,  be  in  a  pucker  {colloq.),  be  in  a  stew, 
make  much  ado  about  trifles  or  about  nothing. 

Bustle,   »       I.   Stir,   fuss,   hurry,  flurry,   tumult, 
pother,  commotion,  ado,  to-do. 
2.   Bishop,  tournure 

Busy,  a.  I.  Engaged,  employed,  occupied,  at 
work,  hard  at  work. 

2.  Diligent,  assiduous,  industrious,  sedulous, 
notable,  active,  working,  hard-working. 

3.  Brisk,  stirring,  bustling,  nimble,  agile,  spry, 
constantly  in  motion. 

4.  Meddling,  officious,  pragmatical,  priggish. 


Busy,  V.  a.     Occupy,  employ,  make  busy. 

Busybody,  n.  Meddler,  intermeddier,  meddle- 
some person,  officious  person,  prig. 

But,  conj.  I.  On  the  other  hand,  on  the  con- 
trary. 

2.  Yet,  still,  however,  nevertheless,  moreover, 
further. 

3.  Unless,  if  it  were  not  that,  if  it  be  not  that. 

4.  But  that,  otherwise  than  that. 
But,  Prep.     Except,  excepting. 
Jtiut,  ad.     Oily,  no  more  than. 

But,  n.     I.   End  {especially  the  larger  end),  but- 
end. 
2.    Bound,  boundary,  mete,  goal,  limit. 
Butcher,  n.     I.    Slaughterer,  flesher. 

2.  Murderer,  slayer,  assassin,  cut-throat,  thug, 
bravo. 

3.  Indiscriminate  slaver,  wholesale  killer. 
Butcher,  v.  a.     I.    Slaughter,  kill  for  lood,  kill  for 

the  market. 

2.  Murder  barbarously,  massacre,  slaughter. 

3.  Slay  indiscriminately,  kill  by  thousands. 
Butchery,  «.     I.    Murder,  slaughter,  massacre. 

2.   Great  slaughter,  wholesale  killing,  carnage, 
enormous  bloodshed. 
But-end,  n.     Blunt  end,  but. 
Butt,  n.     I.   Mark,  object,  target,  point  aimed  at 

2.  Laughing-stock. 

3.  Stroke,  blow. 

4.  Cask,  pipe. 

Butt,  V.  n.  Strike  (with  the  head  or  the  horns), 
push,  bunt  {colloq  ) 

Butter-hird,  «.  Bobolink,  rice-bird,  rice-bunting, 
reed-bird,  skunk-bird,  skunk-blackbird,  Bob 
o'  Lincoln,  Bub  Lincoln,  Robert  o'  Lincoln 
{Dolichonyx  orizyvorus). 

Buttercup,  n,  King-cup,  gold-cup,  crowfoot, 
ranunculus,  butter-flower 

Butterfly-Shaped,  a.    Papilionaceous. 

Buttery,  «.     Pantry. 

Buttock,  «.     Rump. 

Button-ball  tree.    See  Button-wood. 

Button-hole,  v.  a.  Persuade  importunately,  hang 
about,  prose  at,  bore. 

Button-noler,  ».  Bore,  proser,  importunate  tease, 
barnacle. 

Button-wood,  «.  Sycamore,  plane-tree,  button- 
ball  tree,  water-birch  {Platanus  occidentalis). 

Buttress,  n.  and  v.  a.  Shore,  prop,  support,  stay, 
brace. 

Buxom,  a.  I.  Healthy,  vigorous,  plump,  hearty, 
well-fed,  _  rosy,  ruddy,  comely,  fresh,  fresh- 
looking,  in  high  health. 

2.  Gay,  brisk,   sprightly,  lively,  cheerful,  joc- 
und, jolly,  blithe. 

Buy,  V  a.     I.   Purchase. 

2.   Bribe,    corrupt,    pervert    with    money   or 
gam. 

Buzz,  V.  n.     I.   Hum,  make  a  humming  sound  {as 
bees). 
2.  Whisper,  murmur. 

Buzz,  n.     I.     Hum,  humming  noise. 
2.    Whisper,  murmur. 

By,  prep.  I.  Through  {as  the  cause,  or  the  remote 
agent),  by  the  agency  of,  by  means  of,  by  dint 
of.    See  With. 

2.  At,  on,  by  way  of. 

3.  From,  according  to. 

4.  Near  to,  close  by,  near. 

5.  Past. 

6.  Along,  over. 

7.  In  the  name  of,  before,  in  the  sight  of. 

8.  In  proportion  to,  in  the  quantity  of,  per,  a. 
By,  ad.     Near. 

Byandhy.     I.  Presently,   soon,  before  long,  in 
a  short  time. 
2.   After  a  while,  hereafter,  some  time  hence. 


BY  CHANCE 


63 


CAJOLERY 


By  chance.  I.  Perhaps,  perchance,  possibly, 
haply,  peradventure,  maybe,  it  may  be,  as  luck 
may  have  it. 

2.  As  it  happened,  as  luck  would  have  it,  it  so 
happened  that,  accidentally,  it  so  chanced  that. 

By  degrees.  Gradually,  step  by  step,  little  by  lit- 
tle, by  little  and  little. 

By  dint  of.  By,  by  force  of,  by  means  of,  by  the 
agency  of. 

By-end,  «.  By-purpose,  private  interest,  secret 
purpose,  self-interested  purpose,  clandestine  de- 
sign. 

By  tar.  Very  much,  in  a  great  degree,  greatly, 
exceedingly. 

By  fits.     Irregularly,  fitfully,  by  fits  and  starts. 

Bygone,  a.     Past,  gone  by. 

By  hand.  With  the  hands,  by  the  use  of  the 
hands. 

By  hook  or  by  crook.  Somehow  or  other,  one 
way  or  other,  in  one  way  or  another,  some  means 
or  other. 

By  one's  self.     I.   Alone,  solitary. 

2.  Alone,  by  one's  own  powers,  without  help, 
without  assistance,  without  aid,  out  of  one's  own 
head. 

By-path,  «.     I.    By-way,  side-path. 


2.  Private  way,  secret  path,  devious  way,  in- 
direct course,  crooked  means. 

By-place,  «.     Retired  place,  out-of-the-way  place. 

By-purpose,  «.     See  By-end. 

By-roaa,  «.     Private  road,  unfrequented  road. 

By-room,  n.    Private  room.     See  Cabinet. 

By  rote.  Mechanically,  perfunctorily,  parrot-like, 
by  mere  repetition,  without  any  exercise  of 
the  understanding,  with  no  attention  to  the 
meaning. 

Bystander,  «.     Spectator,  looker-on. 

By  stealth.     Secretly,  clandestinely. 

By  the  hoard.     Overboard,  over  the  side. 

By  the  bye.  In  passing,  en  passant,  apropos  of 
the  matter  in  hand,  by  the  way. 

By  the  job.  At  a  stipulated  price  {/or  the  whole 
job),  by  contract.  « 

By  the  strike.     By  the  level  measure. 

By  the  way.    See  By  the  bye. 

By-way,  «.  By-path,  private  way,  side-path, 
secluded  road,  out-of-the-way  path. 

Bjrword,  n.  I.  Saying,  saw,  maxim,  adage,  prov- 
erb, aphorism,  apottiegm,  dictum,  sententious 
precept. 

2.  Object  of  contempt,  mark  for  scorn. 

3.  Slang,  cant  term. 


Cabal,  «.  I.  Clique  {for  some  sinister  purpose), 
junto,  coterie,  set,  party,  gang,  faction,  combina- 
tion, league,  confederacy,  camarilla. 

2.   Intrigue,  plot,  complot,  conspiracy,  machi- 
nation. 

Cabal,  V.  n.  Intrigue,  plot,  conspire,  complot, 
machinate. 

Cabalistic,  a.  Occult,  secret,  mysterious,  mystic, 
mystical,  dark. 

Cabaret,  «.  Tavern,  inn,  wine-shop,  public-house, 
house  of  entertainment. 

Cabbage,  «.     I.   Plant  of  the  genus  Brassica- 
2.   {Cant    term.\      Shreds    of    cloth,    tailors' 
remnants. 

Cabbage,  v.  a.  {Colloq.)  Steal,  purloin,  filch, 
pilfer,  make  off  with. 

Cabin,  ».  Hut,  hovel,  shed,  cot,  cottage,  humble 
dwelling. 

Cabinet,  «■  I.  Closet,  boudoir,  by-room,  small 
room,  private  room,  retired  apartment,  private 
apartment.  • 

2.  Collection  {of  antiquities,  curiosities,  speci- 
mens, etc. ). 

3.  Case,  set  of  encased  drawers. 

4.  Ministrv,  council,  body  of  advisers. 
Caboose,   «.      tWritten   also   Camboose.^      Cook- 
room  {of  a  ship),  galley. 

Cabriolet,  «.    Cab,  hansom,  brougham. 
Cachalot,     «.     Sperm-whale,    spermaceti   whale 

(Phvseter  macrocephalus). 
Cachlonation,  «.    Laughter  {loud  or  immoderate), 

laugh,  guffaw,  horse-laugh. 
Cackle,  &.  ».     I.    Laugh  (W/A  a  sound  like  the 

cackling  of  a  goose),  giggle,  titter,  snicker. 
2.   Chatter,  prattle,  babble,  palaver,  talk  idly, 

talk  nonsense.     See  Prate. 
Cackle,  «.    Prattle,  twaddle,  idle  talk,  small  talk. 

See  Prate. 
Cacoethes,  «.    [L.]     I.  Bad  habit,  bad  custom, 

diseased  propensity. 
2.   {.Med.)    Incurable  ulcer. 


Cacophonous,  a.  Harsh,  grating,  discordant,  caco- 
phonic  (al),  cacophonious. 

Cacophony,  «.  I.  Discord,  jarring,  jar,  harsh 
sound. 

2.  {Rhet.)      Inharmonious  phraseology,    dis- 
cordant diction. 

Cadaver,  «.  Corpse,  dead  body,  body,  remains, 
subject  {for  dissection). 

Cadaverous,  a.  Pale,  pallid,  wan,  ghastly,  death- 
like. 

Caddice,  )  «.     Case-worm,  cade-worm,  caddy,  ca- 

Caddis,    )      dew,  cad-bait,  cod-bait,  cad-bate. 

Caddice-fly,  I        ,,     - 

Caddis-fly,    I  «•    May-fly. 

Cadence,  «     I.   Fall  of  the  voice. 

2.     Tone,    intonation,     modulation     of     the 
voice. 

Cade-worm, «.    See  Caddich. 

Caduceous,  «.  [L.]  Mercury's  rod.  Mercury's 
staff. 

Caducity,  «.     I.   Tendency  to  decay,  tendency  to 
fall. 
2.   Decadence,  decline,  senility,  dotage. 

Caducous,  a.  I.  Tending  to  decay,  decaying,  de- 
cHning,  decadent,  dropping,  falling. 

2.   {Bot.  and  Zool)    Dropping  off  early,  de- 
ciduous, non-persistent,  temporary,  transient. 

Caesura,  «.     Pause  {in  a  verse),  break. 

Caeteris  paribus.  [  L.  ]  Other  things  being  equal, 
in  like  circumstances. 

Cafe,  «.    [Fr.]     Restaurant,  coffee-house. 

Caitiff,  n.  Villain,  wretch,  miscreant,  coward, 
sneak,  traitor,  knave,  rascal,  scoundrel,  mean 
fellow,  vagabond,  bezonian. 

Cajole,  V.  a.  I,  Coax,  wheedle,  flatter,  fawn 
upon,  blandish. 

2.   Deceive  {by  /lattery),  delude,  beguile,  in- 
veigle, entrap,  impose  upon. 

Cajolery,   «.      I.     Flattery,  wheedling,  fawning, 
coaxine,  adulation,  blandishment,  blarney. 
2.  Deceit,  deception,  imposture,  imposition. 


CAKE 


64 


CAMARILLA 


Caike,  V.  H.  Harden,  solidify,  concrete,  become 
firm  or  solid. 

Calamar,    l  «.     Decapod,  cuttle-fish,   squid,  sea- 

Calamary,)      sleeve,  preke,  pen-fish. 

Calambour,  «.     Mottled  aloes-wood. 

Calamine^  n.  Silicate  ol  zinc  i^in  a  mineral 
state) 

CalamitOUSf  a.  Disastrous,  unlucky,  unfortunate, 
adverse,  untoward,  unhappy,  unprosperous,  hap- 
less, ill-fated,  ill-starred,  deplorable,  ruinous, 
miserable,  wretched,  dreadful,  distressful,  dis- 
tressing, baleful,  severe,  afHictive,  sad,  grievous. 

Caiainity,  n.  Disaster,  misfortune,  catastrophe, 
mishap,  mischance,  reverse,  visitation,  trial, 
blow,  stroke,  trouble,  affliction,  adversity,  dis- 
tress, misery,  evil,  ill,  hardship,  casualty,  ill- 
luck,  ill  fortune- 
Calcareous,  a.    Limy. 

Calcareous  spar.  Iceland  spar,  Iceland  crystal, 
crystallized  carbonate  of  lime. 

Calcine,  v.  a.     Burn,  reduce  to  ashes,  powder. 

Calculable,  a.     Computable. 

Calculate,  v.  a.     I.   Compute,  reckon,  estimate, 
count,  rate,  cast. 
2.   Adjust,  adapt,  fit,  suit. 

Calculate,  v.  n.  lell,  estimate,  make  a  calcula- 
tion, make  a  computation,  cast  accounts. 

Calculate  upon.  Anticipate,  contemplate,  foresee, 
expect,  look  forward  to,  look  out  for,  reckon 
upon,  count  upon,  rely  upon,  depend  upon,  pre- 
pare one's  self  for. 

Calculating:,  a.  I.  Scheming,  crafty,  cool,  hard, 
self-considering,  selfish. 

2.  Wary,  cautious,  careful,  guarded,  circum- 
spect, far-sighted,  far-seeing,  sagacious. 

Calculation,  «.     I.   Computation,  reckoning. 

2.  Expectation,  expectance,  anticipation,  con- 
templation, prospect. 

3.  Forethought,  foresight,  circumspection, 
wariness,  caution,  cautiousness,  discretion,  de- 
Hberation,   prudence. 

Calculous,  a.     Stony,  gritty,  calculose. 
Calculus,  n.     I.   {Med.)     'L.  pi.  Calculi.]    Mor- 
bid concretion,  stone,  gravel. 

2.  lEng.  pi.  Calculuses.}  Fluxions,  differ- 
ential and  integral  calculus. 

3.  Computation,  method  of  computation,  com- 
putative  method,  computative  art. 

cflddJSil,!-     Boiler,  kettle,  copper. 

Caledonian,  a.     Scottish,  Scotch. 

Caledonian,  «.     Scotchman,  Scot. 

Calefacient,  a.     I.   Warming,  heating. 

2.    Rubefacient,  vesicatory,  tending  to  blister. 

Calefacient,  «.  Rubefacient,  vesicant,  vesica- 
tory. 

Calefaction,  «.     I.    Heating,  warming. 

2.  Incalescence,  hotness,  warmth,  becoming 
warm. 

Calefy,  v.  a.  Heat,  warm,  make  warm  or  hot, 
cause  to  incalesce. 

Calembour,    )  «.      [Fr.]     Pun,  quibble,   parono- 

Calembourg,  )      masia,  play  upon  words. 

Calendar,  «.     I.   Almanac,  ephemeris,  register  of 
the  year. 
2.   List,  schedule,  catalogue,  register. 

Calendar,  v.  a.  List,  catalogue,  register,  enroll, 
enter,  place  upon  the  calendar. 

Calender,  «.     Hot-press. 

Calender,  v.  a.     Smooth  or  glaze  (iy  a  calender). 

Calendering:,  «.    Glazing  {by  a  calender). 

Caliber-compasses,  n.  pi.  Calibers,  callipers, 
calliper-compasses,  cannipers. 

Calibrate,  v.  a.  Determine  the  diameter  or  bore 
of,  measure  with  callipers. 

Calibre,  «.  [Written  also  Caliber.]  I.  Diam- 
eter {of  a  cylindrical  body). 


2.  Bore,  diameter  of  bore,  capacity. 

3.  Capacity,  scope,  talent,  ability,  faculty,  en- 
dowment, parts,  gifts,  compass  of  mmd. 

Calico,  n.  I.    {Eng.]    Cotton  cloth. 

2.     [C.  .S".]    Print,  printed  cotton  cloth. 
Call,  V.  a.     I.   Name,   term,  denominate,  entitle, 
style,  phrase,  designate,  dub,  christen. 

2.  Bid,  invite,  summon,  ask  to  come,  send  for. 

3.  Convoke,  assemble,  convene,  muster,  call 
together. 

4.  Appoint,  designate,  elect,  ordain,  set  apart. 

5.  Invoke,  appeal  to. 

Call,  V.  n.     I.   Exclaim,  cry,  cry  out,  speak  aloud, 
make  appeal. 
2.   Make  a  short  visit. 
Call,  «.     I.   Cry,  outcry,  voice. 

2.  Invitation,  summons,  appeal. 

3.  Demand,  claim,  requisition. 

4.  Short  visit. 

5.  Appointment,  election,  invitation. 

6.  Divine  summons,  divine  choice  or  election. 
Calling:,  «.     Occupation,  business,  profession,  pur- 
suit, trade,  craft,  employment,  vocation,  avoca- 
tion, walk  of  life. 

Calliper-compasses,  «.  pi.     See  Callipers 
Callipers,   n.  pi.      Calibers,    cannipers,    caliber- 
compasses,  calliper-compasses. 
Call  on.     I.   Invoke,  appeal  to,  pray  to,  call  upon. 

2.  Solicit,  apply  to. 

3.  Make  a  visit  to,  pay  a  visit  to. 
Callous,  a.     I.   Indurated,  hardened,  hard. 

2.    Insensible,  unfeeling,  apathetic,  obtuse,  un- 
susceptible, unimpressible,  sluggish,  dull,  torpid, 
indifferent,  dead. 
Callow,  a.     I.    Unfledged,  unfeathered,  naked. 
2.   Inexperienced,  immature,  silly,  unfledged, 
green,  soft,  sappy 
Call  upon.     See  Call  on. 

Calm,  a.  I.  Tranquil,  placid,  quiet,  still,  smooth, 
unruffled. 

2.  Peaceful,  serene,  unruffled,  tranquil,  placid, 
mild,  halcyon. 

3.  Undisturbed,  composed,  self-possessed,  se- 
date, unruffled,  cool,  collected. 

Calm,  n.     I.    Fall  of  the  wind,  wind-lull,  lull. 

2.  Peace,  serenity,  tranquillity,  placidity,  quiet, 
stillness,  repose,  equanimity,  calmness. 

Calm,  V.  a.  I.  Still,  compose,  hush,  smooth, 
allay,  lull,  becalm,  tranquillize. 

2.  Tranquillize,  pacify,  appease,  assuage,  quiet, 
soothe,  soften,  mollify,  moderate,  alleviate. 

Calmness,  «.  I.  Quietness,  tranquillity,  serenity, 
repose,  peace,  peacefulness,  stillness,  calm,  pla- 
cidity, lull. 

2.  Mildness,  sedateness,  composure,  self- 
possession,  coolness,  quiet,  tranquillity,  serenity, 
placidity,  peace,  equanimity,  repose. 

Calomel,  «.  CWoride  of  mercury,  protochloride 
of  mercury,  subchloride  of  mercury,  mercurous 
chloride. 

Calorific,  a.     Heating,  heat-producing. 

Calumet,  «■     Indian  pipe,  pipe. 

Calumniate,  v.  a.  Slander,  malign,  traduce,  de- 
fame, vilify,  revile,  abuse,  libel,  blacken,  blem- 
ish, accuse  falsely.     See  Asperse. 

Calumniator,  n.  Slanderer,  maligner,  traducer, 
defamer,  vilifier,  reviler,  blackener,  backbiter, 
libeller,  detractor. 

Calumnious,  a.  Slanderous,  abusive,  defamatory, 
contumelious,  opprobrious,  vituperative,  scurril- 
ous, insulting. 

Calumny,  «.  Slander  {known  to  be  false),  defama- 
tion, aspersion,  backbiting,  detraction,  abuses, 
scandal,  obloquy,  false  accusation,  malicious  lying. 

Calyx,  n.     Flower-cup. 

Camarilla,  n.  [Sp.l  Clique,  cabal,  junto,  ring, 
secret  cabinet,  power  behind  the  throne. 


CAMBER 


65 


CAPABILITY 


Camber,  n.  Convexity,  arch,  arching,  rounding 
up,  swell,  curve. 

Camber,  v.  a.  Arch,  bend,  curve  (especially  a 
shifs  planks). 

Cambist,  n.    Expert  in  exchange,  skilled  banker. 

Cambistry,  «.     Science  of  exchange. 

Camboose,  «.    See  Caboose. 

Cambrian,  a.    Welsh,  Cymric. 

Cambrian,  «.   Welshman,  Cambro-Briton,  Cymro. 

Cambro-Briton,  «.   Cambrian,  Welshman,  Cymro. 

Camel-backed,  a.    Hump-backed. 

Camel-bird,  «.    Ostrich. 

Camelopard, «.    Giraffe. 

Camerated,  a.    I.  Arched,  vaulted,  bowed. 
2.  {Conch.)    Partitioned,  chambered. 

Camp,  «.     Encampment. 

Camp,  V.  It.  Encamp,  pitch  one's  tent,  pitch  a 
camp. 

Campanile,  «.    Belfi-y,  bell-tower. 

Campanula,  «.    Bell-flower. 

Campanulate,  a.    Bell-shaped. 

Campeachy  wood.  Logwood  {Hamatoxylon 
campechiamtm). 

Can,  V.  n.    I.   Be  able  to,  have  power  to. 
2.  Be  possible  to. 

Canada  balsam.  Balsam  of  fir,  Canada  turpen- 
tine. 

Canada  snakeroot.    Wild  ginger. 

Canaille,  «  [!•>■.]  Populace,  rabble,  mob,  riff- 
raff, the  vulgar,  the  crowd,  vulgar  herd,  the  igno- 
ble vulgar,  low  people,  lowest  class  of  people,  the 
multitude,  the  milhon,  scum  of  society,  dregs  of 
society,  ignobile  vulgus,  rag-tag,  tag-rag,  tag-rag 
and  bobtail. 

Canakin,  ».    Drinking-cup,  pot. 

Canal,  n.     I.   Artificial  water-way. 
2.   Channel,  duct,  pipe,  tube. 

Canard,  n.  [Fr.]  Hoax,  groundless  story,  false 
rumor,  fabrication. . 

Cancel,  v.  a.  I.  Obliterate,  efface,  erase,  ex- 
punge, blot,  blot  out,  rub  out,  scratch  out,  wipe 
out. 

2.  Abrogate,  annul,  repeal,  rescind,  revoke, 
abolish,  nullify,  quash,  set  aside,  make  void. 

Cancellated,  a.     Cross-barred. 

Candelabrum,  «.  [L.  pi.  Candelabra ;  Engr-  pi. 
Ca?idelabrums.'\  Chandelier,  lustre,  branched 
candlestick. 

Candid,  a.  I.  Impartial,  fair,  just,  unprejudiced, 
unbiassed. 

2.  Open,  free,  ingenuous,  artless,  frank,  sin- 
cere, honest,  plain,  honorable,  naive,  guileless, 
straightforward,  open-hearted,  frank-hearted, 
above-board. 

Candidate,  n.     Aspirant,  solicitant. 

Candle,  n.     Taper,  light. 

Candle-ends,  «.  pi.  Scraps,  savings,  scrapings, 
fragments,  worthless  trifles,  petty  savings. 

Candle-holder,  n.  Inferior,  subordinate,  assist- 
ant.    See  Aid. 

Candle-light,  n.     I.   Light  of  candles,   illumina- 
tion by  candles. 
2.   Dark,  dark  hours,  afler  dark. 

Candlemas,  n    February  2. 

Candor,  «.  I.  Fairness,  impartiality,  justice,  free- 
dom from  prejudice,  freedom  from  bias. 

2.  Openness,  ingenuousness,  artlessness,  frank- 
ness, guilelessness,  truthfulness,  honesty,  sin- 
cerity, straightforwardness,  simplicity,  ndiveti. 

Cane  brimstone.    Roll  sulphur,  stick  sulphur. 

Canicula,  «.     Sirius,  dog-star. 

Canicular  days.    Dog-days. 

Canine  madness.    Hydrophobia. 

Canker,  «.     I.    Mordent  ulcer,  gangrene,  rot 

2.  Corrosion,  erosion,  blight. 

3.  Corruption,  infection,  blight,  bane,  bale, 
irritation. 


Canker,  v.  a     I.   Corrode,  erode,  eat  away. 

2.  Infect,  corrupt,  blight,  envenom,  poison, 
sour,  embitter,  fill  with  gall. 

Canker,  v.  n.  Be  blighted,  grow  embittered,  be- 
come malignant,  become  infected  or  corrupted. 

Canker-rash,  «.     Putrid  sore  throat. 

Canker-worm,  ».     Span-worm,  looper,  geometer. 

Cannibals,  «.  //.    Anthropophagi,  man-eaters. 

Cannon,  n.     Great  gun. 

Cannonade,  v.  a.  Attack  with  cannon,  attack  with 
heavy  artillery. 

Canon,  «.  I.  Rule  {especially  in  ecclesiastical 
matters),  law,  formula,  formulary,  standard. 

2.  Received  books  of  Scripture,  canonical 
books. 

3.  Catalogue  of  saints. 

Canonical,  a.    I.   Received,  authorized,  accord- 
ing to  the  canon. 
2.   Regular,  stated. 

Canonicals,  «.  pi.     Full  dress  {of  a  clergyman). 

Canonize,  v.  a.  Declare  a  saint,  make  a  saint  of, 
enroll  in  the  canon. 

Canopy,  «.     Awning,  tilt,  baldaquin. 

Canorous,  a.     Musical,  tuneful. 

Cant,  n  I.  Whining  talk,  pious  prating,  sancti- 
monious phrases. 

2.  Hypocrisy,  affected  piety,  sham  holiness. 

3.  Peculiar  form  of  speech,  professional  par- 
lance, partisan  vocabulary,  shibboleths  of  sect, 
popular  cry. 

4.  Slang,  jargon,  low  language,  thieves'  vocab- 
ulary, argot,  lingo. 

5.  Auction,  vendue,  auction  sale. 

6.  Turn,  tilt,  slant. 

Cant,  a.  Set,  partisan,  routine,  current,  rote,  popu- 
lar, bandied  by  the  crowd. 

Cant,  V.  n.     Whine,  affect  piety. 

Cantankerous,  a.  (Collo^.)  Crabbed,  perverse, 
stubborn,  obstinate,  unyielding,  refractory,  con- 
tumacious, headstrong,  wilful,  dogged,  intracta- 
ble, heady,  obdurate,  stiff,  cross-grained. 

Canter,   «.     I.    Whiner,     sanctimonious    prater, 
pious  twattler,  Pharisee. 
2.   Easy  gallop,  gentle  gallop. 

Canter,  v.  «.     Gallop  gently. 

Cantharldes,  n.  pi.    See  Spanish  Flibs. 

Canticle,  «.    See  Song 

Canticles,  «.  //.  The  song  of  songs,  Song  of 
Solomon. 

Cantilever  ^ 

Cantaliver! !  ''v  Bracket,   modillion,    projecting 

CantiUver,  J     ^^^'"• 

Canting,    a.     I.    Affected,    whining,    affectedly 
pious,  sanctimonious. 
2.    Hypocritical,  insincere,  hollow. 

Cantonment,  n.     Quarters. 

Canvass,  v.  a.    I.  Debate,  discuss,  dispute,  agitate. 

2.  Investigate,  examine,  scrutinize,  sift,  study, 
consider,  follow  up,  inquire  into. 

3.  Bespeak  the  votes  of,  solicit  votes  from. 
Canvass,  «.     I.    Discussion,  debate,  dispute. 

2.  Examination,  scrutiny,  sifting. 

3.  Solicitation  of  votes- 

Canyon,  «.    [Sp.  Canon.^   Gorge,  ravine,  gulch. 
Caoutchouc,  n.     India-rubber,  gum-elastic. 
Cap,  «•     I.   Head-cover,  head-gear,  bonnet,  head- 
dress, coif,  coiffure,  caul. 

2.  Cover,  covering. 

3.  Acme,  crown,  head,  summit,  pitch,  peak, 
top,  chief,  perfection. 

Cap,  V.  a.     I.   Cover,  surmount. 

2.  Crown,  complete,  finish. 

3.  Exceed,  surpass,  transcend,  overtop. 

4.  Match,  pattern,  parallel. 

Capability,  «.     I.   Capableness,  capacity,  ability. 
2.   Ability,  power,  skill,  competency,  capacity, 
efficiency,  calibre,  faculty,  force,  scope,  brains. 


CAPABLE 


66 


CARE  FOR 


Capable*  a.    l.  Susceptible,  open  (to),  admitting. 

2.  Qualified,  suited,  fitted,  adapted. 

3.  Able,  competent,  intelligent,  clever,  skilful, 
efficient,  ingenious,  sagacious,  gifted,  accom- 
plished. 

Capableness,  «.    See  Capability 

Capacious,  a.  Spacious,  ample,  large,  wide, 
broad,  extensive,  roomy,  expanded,  comprehen- 
sive. 

Capadoiisness,  ».  Spaciousness,  amplitude,  large- 
ness, roominess,  vastness,  openness,  freedom, 
breadth,  extent,  extensiveness,  expansiveness, 
comprehensiveness. 

Capacitate,  v.  a.  Qualify,  enable,  make  able, 
make   or  render  capable. 

Capacity,  «.  I.  Containing  power,  magnitude 
\in  reference  to  contents),  volume,  dimensions, 
amplitude,  extent  of  room  or  space. 

2.  Power  {^of  apprehension),  faculty,  talent, 
genius,  gift,  turn,  forte,  parts,  brains,  aptness, 
aptitude,  discernment,  wit,  mother-wit,  calibre. 

3.  Ability,  ableness,  capability,  cleverness, 
skill,  skilfulness,  competency,  efficiency,  readi- 
ness.    See  Calibre. 

4.  Office,  post,  position,  sphere,  province, 
character,  function,  service,  charge. 

Cap-a-pie,  ad.  [Fr.]     From  head  to  foot. 
Capariscn,  n.     Trapping  i^for  a  horse),  housing, 

barde,  barb(e). 
Cape,  «.     Headland,  promontory. 
Caper,  v.  n      Leap  {in  a  frolicsotne  mood),  hop, 

skip,  jump,  bound,  romp,  gambol,  frisk,  dance. 
Caper,  «.     Leap  (tn   a  frolicsome  mood),  skip, 

hop,  spring,  bound,  gambol,  romp,  prank,  freak. 
Capillary,  a.     Fine  {like  a  hair),  slender,  minute, 

delicate,  filiform. 
Capital,  a.     I.   Chief,  principal,  leading,  essential, 

cardinal,  first  in  importance. 

2.  Fatal,  forfeiting  life,  involving  death. 

3.  {Colloq.)  Excellent,  good,  prime,  first-rate, 
first-class. 

Capital,  «.     I.   Metropolis,  chief  city  or  town. 

2.  Large  letter,  capital  letter. 

3.  Stock,  sum  invested. 

4.  {Arch)  Head  of  a  column,  pillar,  or  pilas- 
ter. 

Capital  crime.     Crime  punishable  with  death. 
Capitalist,  n.     Investor,  man  of  means,  holder  of 

surplus  wealth,  person  of  large  resources. 
Capital  letter.     Capital,  large  letter. 
Capital  punishment.     Punishment  or  penalty  of 

death,  death-penalty. 

Capitation  tax.    Poll  tax. 

Capitulate,  v.  «.  Surrender  {hy  treaty),  yield  on 
conditions. 

Capitulation,  «.     Surrender  {by  treaty). 

Caprice,  «.  Whim,  freak,  fancy,  humor,  crotchet, 
maggot,  quirk,  vagary,  whimsev,  whim-wham. 

Capricious,  a.  Whimsical,  fanciful,  fantastical, 
crotchety,  humorsome,  wayward,  odd,  queer, 
fitful,  freakish,  changeable,  uncertain,  fickle, 
variable. 

Capsicum,  n.  Cayenne,  cayenne  pepper,  red  pep- 
per. 

Capsize,  v.  a.    Upset,  overturn. 

Capsule,  n.  I.  Case,  wrapper,  envelope,  cover- 
ing, shell,  sheath. 

2.  {Bat.)    Pod,  pericarp,  seed-vessel. 

3.  {Chem.)    Evaporating  dish. 

4.  Percussion  cap. 

Captain,  n.  I.  Commander,  leader,  chief,  chieftain. 
2.    Warrior,  soldier,  military  genius. 

Captain-general,  n.  Generalissimo,  general, 
commander-in-chief. 

Captions,  a.  I.  Censorious,  cavilling,  carping, 
hypercritical,  disposed  to  cavil,  given  to  fault- 
finding. 


2.  Crabbed,  snappish,  testy,  touchy,  waspish, 
splenetic,  cross,  snarling,  acrimonious,  cantank- 
erous ifolloq.),  contentious. 

3.  Ensnaring,  insidious. 

Captivate,  z/ ■  a.  Charm,  fascinate,  enchant,  be- 
witch, enamour,  win,  catch,  lead  captive,  please 
highly. 

Captive,  «.     Prisoner. 

Captivity,  «.  I.  Imprisonment,  confinement, 
duress,  durance. 

2.  Bondage,  thraldom,  enthralment,  servitude, 
subjection,  slavery,  vassalage. 

Capture,   «.      I.     Seizure,    arrest,   apprehension, 
catching,  catch,  taking  captive,  making  prisoner. 
2.    Prize. 

Capture,  v.  a.  Seize,  catch,  apprehend,  arrest, 
take  by  force,  take  possession  of,  make  prisoner. 

Capuchin,  «.     Franciscan,  Minorite,  Gray  Friar. 

Caput  mortuum.  Residuum  {of  distillation  or 
of  sublimation),  worthless  residue. 

Carack,  n.  [Written  also  Carac.\  Argosy, 
galleon. 

Caracole,  v.  n.    Wheel,  prance,  curvet. 

Carafe,  «.    Water-bottle,  water-cooler. 

Caramel, «.     F>urnt  sugar. 

Caravansary,  I  «.^  lavem   {in  the  East),  khan, 

Caravansera,  )  inn,  public-house,  house  of  en- 
tertainment. 

Carbonate  of  ammonia.  Sal-volatile,  smelling- 
salts,  sesqui-carbonate  of  an.monia. 

Carbonic  acid.  Choke-damp,  fixed  air,  foul  air, 
mephitic  air,  carbonic-acid  gas. 

Carbonize,  v.  a.    Convert  into  carbon. 

Carcass,  «.  I.  Dead  body  (of  an  animaT)^ 
corpse,  corse. 

2.  Body  {in  contempt  or  ridicule). 

3.  Mere  framework. 
Cardiac,  «.   {Med.)    Cordial. 

Cardialgia> )  ».    {Med.)    Heart-bum,  cardiac  pas- 
Cardialgy,  )     sion. 

Cardinal,  a.     Principal,  chief,  main,  leading,  most 

important,  essential,  capital,  central,  viial. 
Caidinal-bird,   «.     Cardinal-grosbeak,  Virginian 

nightingale,   scarlet  grosbeak,    red-bird    (Frin- 

gilla  cardinalis,  Cardinalis  Virginianus). 
Cardinal-flower,  ».      Scariet    lobelia    {Lobelia 

cardinalis). 
Cardinal-grcsbealE,    «.     Cardinal-bird,     scarlet 

grosbeak,  red-bird,  Virginian  nightingale. 
Cardinal  points.     East,  west,  north,  and  south  ; 

the  four  points  of  the  compass. 
Cardinal  virtues.    Prudence,  temperance,  justice, 

and  fortitude. 
Carditis,  «.  (Med.)    Inflammation  of  the  heart. 
Care,  «.     I.  Anxiety,  solicitude,  concern,  trouble, 

perplexity,  worry  (colloq.). 

2.  Caution,  heed,  regard,  attention,  circum- 
spection, carefulness,   watchfulness,   vigilance. 

3.  Charge,  oversight,  superintendence,  direc- 
tion, management. 

4.  Object  of  care,  charge,  burden. 

Care,  v.n.  I.  Be  anxious,  be  solicitous,  feel  con- 
cerned, be  troubled,  worry  one's  self. 

2.  Be  inclined,  be  disposed,  hke,  feel  inter- 
ested. 

3.  Have  regard. 

Careen,  v.  a.     Lay  on  one  side.  ^ 

Careen,  v.  n.    Lean  to  one  side,  incline  to  one  side. 

Career,  «.     I.   Course,  race. 

2.  Procedure,  conduct,  course  of  action,  man- 
ner of  life,  course  of  life,  course  of  conduct,  ac- 
tive life. 

Career,  v.  n.     Sweep,  rush,  course,  move  rapidly. 

Care  for.  I.  Have  regard  for,  pay  heed  to,  attach 
value  to,  ascribe  importance  to. 

2.  Be  interested  in,  like,  be  fond  of,  be  at- 
tached to 


CAREFUL 


67 


CASEHARDENED 


Carefnlt  «.  I.  {Rare.)  Anxious,  solicitous,  con- 
cerned, troubled,  uneasy. 

2.  Heedful,  attentive,  thoughtful.  See  Prov- 
ident. 

3.  Watchful,  cautious,  circumspect,  vigilant. 
CarelesSt  a.      I.     Unperplexed,  undisturbed,  un- 
troubled,  free  from  care,  without   anxiety,  un- 
solicitous. 

2.  Heedless,  thoughtless,  inattentive,  uncon- 
cerned, unmindful,  incautious,  unthinking,  for- 
getful, remiss,  listless,  supine,  regardjess,  neglect- 
ful, negligent. 

3.  Unconsidered,  inconsiderate. 
Carelessness,   n.    Thoughtlessness,  heedlessness, 

inattention,  inadvertence,  inconsiderateness,  re- 
missness, listlessness,  negligence,  neglect,  uncon- 
cern, supineness. 

Caress,  v.  a.  Fondle,  embrace,  hug,  pet,  kiss,  cod- 
dle, cosset,  treat  with  fondness. 

CaresSt  «•     Embrace,  kiss,  expression  of  affection. 

Caressing,  «.  Fondimg,  endearment,  blandish- 
ment, billing  and  cooing. 

Cargo,  «.  Lading,  freight,  load,  burden  <7r  burthen. 

CaritMU,  «.     American  reindeer. 

Caricature,  «.  Travesty,  parody,  farce,  bur- 
lesque, ludicrous  representation,  take-off  (co//^y.)' 

Caricature,  v.  a.  Burlesque,  travesty,  parody, 
take  off  (colloq.). 

Caries,  ».  [L.J  (Med.)  Ulceration  {of  a  bone), 
cariosity. 

Cariosity,  «.    See  Caries. 

Carious,  a.  Ulcerated  (as  a  bone\  decayed,  morti- 
fied, rotten,  putrid. 

Cark,  «.  and  V.  n.     See  Cark,  n.  and  v.  n. 

Cark,  V.  a.  Fret,  worry,  perplex,  harass,  grieve, 
annoy. 

Carklng,  a.    Distressing,  worrying,  grievous,  wear- 


Carfe, 


«.  Churl,  clown,  boor,  lout,  clumsy  rustic, 
bumpkin. 

CarlOCk,  «.  Fish-glue  {made  from,  the  bladder  of 
the  sturgeon),  isinglass,  ichthyocol,  ichthyocolla. 

Carmlnauve,  a.     Warming,  antispasmodic. 

Carnage,  «.  Slaughter,  butchery,  massacre,  blood- 
shed, havoc. 

Carnal,  a.    I.   Fleshly,  sensual. 

2.  Lustful,  libidinous,  lecherous,  lascivious, 
lickerish,  lubric(al),  lubricous,  concupiscent,  sala- 
cious. 

3.  Natural,  unspiritual,  unregenerate,  earthly, 
temporal. 

Carnality,  «.  Sensuality,  grossness  (of  mind), 
sensual  appetites,  fleshly  lusts. 

Carnal-minded,  a.     Worldly-minded. 

Carnivorous,  a.     Flesh-eating. 

Carol,  n.     Song,  lay,  ditty. 

Carol,  V.  ft.     Sing,  warble. 

Carol,  V.  a.    I.   Sing,  warble,  chant,  hum. 
2.    Hymn,  celebrate  in  song. 

Caroiual,  n.  I.  Feast,  festival,  entertainment, 
jovial  banquet,  merry-making,  resale. 

2.  Revelling,  revelry,  revel,  bacchanals,  sat- 
urnalia, debauch,  compotation,  wassail,  orgies, 
carouse,  cups,  drinking-bout,  spree  (colloq.), 
jollification  {colloq.). 

Carouse,  v.  n.     Revel,  tipple,  guzzle. 

Carouse,  «.     See  Carousal. 

Carouser,  «.  Reveller,  tippler,  toper,  drunkard, 
debauchee,  bacchanal,  bacchanalian. 

Carp  at.     Cavil  at,  find  fault  with,  pick  flaws  in. 

Carper,  «.     Caviller,  censurer,  captious  censor. 

CarpllOlogy,  «.  (Med.)  Floccillation,  tilmus, 
picking  the  bed-clothes. 

Carping,  a.  Cavilling,  censorious,  captious,  hy- 
percritical. 

Carping,  « •  Censure,  cavil,  feult-finding,  hyper- 
criticism,  captious  criticism. 


Carpus,  n.    [L.]    (Anat.)    Wrist. 

Carrageen,  t  ».    [W^nilemXso  Carragheen.']  Irish 

Carrigeen,  )      moss,  carrageen  moss  {Fucus  cris- 

pus  or  Chondrus  crisfus). 
Carriage,  «.     I.   Vehicle,  conveyance. 

2.  Bearing,  manner,  demeanor,  air,  mien. 

3,  Behavior,  deportment,  conduct. 
Carrion,    «.     Putrefying  flesh,    putrescent  or  pu- 
trid meat. 

Carroty,  a.     Reddish-yellow  {said  of  the  hair). 
Carry,  v.  a.     I.   Convey,  bear,  transport. 

2.  Urge,  impel,  push  forward. 

3.  Accomplish,  effect,  gain,  secure,  compass, 
bring  about. 

4.  Support,  sustain,  bear  up. 

5.  Transfer. 

6.  Imply,  import,  signify,  infer,  involve. 
Cany  Ofl'.     l.    Remove,  take  away. 

2.   Destroy,  kill. 

Carry  on.  {Active^ ^  I.  Conduct,  manage,  trans- 
act,  prosecute,  continue,  help  forward. 

2.  {Neuter.)  [Colloq.]  Frolic,  cut  capers, 
play  tricks,  behave  wildly  or  rudely. 

Cirry  one's  self.  Conduct,  behave,  demean,  de- 
port, quit,  or  acquit  one's  self. 

CfUry  Ottt.  Apply,  execute,  put  in  practice,  carry 
into  detail,  complete. 

Carry  through.  Accomplish,  consummate,  finish, 
complete,  work  out,  bring  to  a  close,  bring  about, 
bring  to  pass. 

Cart  Iwfore  the  horse.  {Colloq)  Absurdity,  ab- 
surd thing,  hysteron  froteron,  topsy-turvy. 

Carte,  «.   LFr]     I^i*'  o^  fare. 

Carte-hlanche,  «.  [Fr.]  Unlimited  authority, 
full  powers. 

Cartilage,  n .    Gristle . 

Cartilaginous,  a.    Gristly. 

CartOUCh,  «.    Cartridge-box,  cartridge-case. 

Cartridge-box,  n.  Cartouch,  cartridge-case. 

Carucate,  «.  Plough-land,  hide-land  [As  much 
land  as  a  team  can  plough  in  the  year.] 

Carve,  v.  a.     I.    Sculpture,  chisel,  cut. 

2.  Form,  shape,  fashion,  mould. 

3.  Engrave,  grave. 

4.  Cut,  hew,  back. 

5.  Cut  in  pieces  or  slices,  slice,  divide. 
Carve,  v.  n.    I.   Exercise  the  trade  of  a  carver. 

2.   Cut  meat  at  table. 
Carve  out.     I.   Cut  out,  cut  through. 

2.   Achieve  (by  one's    own   exertions),   win, 
accomplish. 
Carver,  «.    Sculptor  (in  wood  or  ivory). 
Carving,  «.     Sculpture  {in  wood  or  ivory). 
Cascade,  n.    Cateract,  waterfall,  fall. 
Case,  n.     I.  Covering,  sheathe,  capsule. 

2.  Box. 

3.  State,  condition,  situation,  plight,  predica- 
ment. 

4.  Instance,  particular  occurrence,  example, 
specific  instance. 

5.  Circumstance,  condition,  contingency,  event. 

6.  Suit,  action,  cause,  process,  trial. 

7._  Question,  matter  of  inquiry,  subject  of  dis- 
cussion. 

8.   Declension-form,    case-ending,    inflection, 
form. 
Case,  v.a.     I.   Cover  {with  a  case),  protect,  wrap, 
encase,  enclose,  envelop. 
2.    Box,  put  in  a  box  or  case,  pack,  pack  up. 
Caseharden,  v.  a.     Harden  {on  the  outside),  steel, 

convert  into  steel  {on  the  surface). 
Casehardened,  a.   and  /.     I.    Hardened  {on  the 
outside),  steeled,  converted  into  steel  {on  the  sur- 
face), indurated. 

2.  Conscience-seared,  obdurate,  reprobate, 
dead  to  duty,  lost  to  shame,  brazen,  brazen- 
faced. 


CASEINE 


68 


CATCH 


Caseine,  «.  [Written  also  Casein."]  Caseum,  curd 
of  milk,  coagulable  part  of  milk,  coagulum  of 
milk,  legumin. 

Caseous,  a.     Cheesy,  of  the  nature  of  cheese. 

Caseum,  «.    [L.]     See  Caseine. 

Case-worm,  «.  Caddice,  caddis,  cade-worm,  ca- 
dew,  cad-bait,  cad-bate,  cod-bait. 

Cash,  n.     I.   Coin,  specie. 
2.   Money,  ready  money. 

Cash,  V,  a.     Turn  into  money,  pay  in  money. 

Cashier,  «.  Cash-keeper,  keeper  of  the  ready 
money,  manager  of  the  cash. 

Cashier,  v.  a.  Break,  discharge,  discard,  dismiss 
from  office,  cast  off,  turn  away,  send  away. 

Casino,  n.    [It.]     I.    Cottage,  small  house,  lodge. 
2.   Club-house,    gaming-house,    dancing-hall, 
dancing-saloon. 

Cask,  «.     I.    Hooped  wooden  vessel  {as  a  hogs- 
head, butt, pipe,  tun,  barrel,  keg,  etc.). 
2.   Helmet.     See  Casque. 

Casket,  n.     Little  box. 

Casque,  n.    [Fr.]     Helmet,  cask,  helm,  morion. 

Cassava,  «•    Tapioca  {crude),  manioc. 

Cast,  V.  a.  I.  Throw,  fling,  hurl,  send,  toss, 
pitch,  sling,  shy  {colloq.). 

2.  Drive,  impel,  force,  thrust. 

3.  Shed,  put  off,  lay  aside. 

4.  Compute,  reckon,  calculate. 

5.  Found,  form  in  a  mould. 

6.  Assign,  allot,  appoint,apportion, appropriate. 

7.  Direct,  turn 

8.  Impart,  communicate,  throw,  shed,  diffuse. 
Cast,  n.     I.   Throw,  fling,  toss. 

2.  Tinge,  tint,  shade,  touch. 

3.  Manner,  style,  air,  mien,  look,  turn,  tone, 
character. 

4.  Mould,  form. 

5.  Assignment  of  parts. 

Cast  about.     Consider,  revolve  in  the  mind,  pon- 
der, search,  seek,  inquire. 
Cast  anchor.     Let  go  the  anchor. 
Cast  away.     I.   Reject,  discard.    See  Cast  off. 

2.  Throw  away,  waste,  squander,  fling  away. 

3.  Wreck,  strand,  founder,  shipwreck. 
Castaway,     «•      Outcast,     reprobate,     vagabond, 

abandoned  wretch,  moral  shipwreck,  moral  wreck, 
lost  soul. 

Castaway,  a.  Rejected,  discarded,  abandoned, 
cast-off. 

Cast  hy.     Reject,  discard,  throw  away,  cast  off. 

Cast  down.  Dejected,  depressed,  discouraged, 
melancholy,  sad,  downcast,  disheartened,  chap- 
fallen,  downhearted,  desponding,  despondent, 
blue,  dispirited,  low-spirited,  in  low  spirits. 

Caste,  n.  I,  Permanent  hereditary  order  (among 
the  Hindoos),  Varna,  fixed  class. 

2.  Social  order  (generally),  class-distinction, 
class,  rank,  grade  of  society. 

Caster,  n.     I.  Thrower,  hurler. 

2.  Calculator,  computer. 

3.  Founder,  moulder. 

4.  Cruet,  cruse,  phial. 

5.  Cruet-frame,  cruet-stand.  [In  this  sense, 
usually  in  //.,  casters.] 

6.  Castor,  small  wheel  or  swivel  {on  which 
furniture  is  rolled) 

Cast  forth.     Eject,  emit,  throw  out. 
Castigate,  v.  a.     I.   Chastise,  whip,  beat,  punish 
with  stripes  or  the  lash,  lash,  flog. 

2.  Discipline,  correct,  punish,  chasten. 

3.  Upbraid,  flagellate,  fall  foul  of,  dress  down, 
take  to  task,  haul  over  the  coals,  censure  bitterly, 
criticise  severely,  trim  out,  call  to  account. 

CasUgation,  «•  I.  Whipping,  beating,  lashing, 
flagellation,  drubbing,  flogging,  chastisement. 

2.  Punishment,  chastisement,  discipline,  cor- 
rection, chastening. 


3.  Upbraiding,  taking  to  task,  lashing,  flagel- 
lation, trimming,  hauling  over  the  coals,  dressing 
down,  invective,  censorious  assault,  berating,  de- 
nunciation, objurgation. 

Castigatory,  72.  (Law.)  Trebuchet  <7r  trebucket, 
tumbrel  or  tumbril,  ducking-stool,  cuckine-stool. 

Cast  in  the  teeth.     Reproach  with,  twit  with. 

Castle,  n.     I.    Fortress,  citadel,  stronghold,  forti- 
fied residence. 
2.   Rook  (in  chess). 

Castle-builder,  «.  Visionarj',  dreamer,  enthusiast, 
fanciful  projector. 

Cast  off .      I.    Reject,  discard,   abandon,   forsake, 
renounce,  lay   aside,   cast  by,  cast  away,  throw 
away,  throw  by,  get  rid  of. 
2.   (Naut.)    Loose,  untie,  let  go,  let  slip. 

Cast-off,  a.  Discarded,  castaway,  cast-aside, 
thrown  aside,  worn,  worn-out. 

Castor,  «.     I.    Caster,  small  wheel  or  swivel  {on 
which  ftirniture  is  rolled). 
2.   (Med.)    Castoreum, 

Castoreum, «.    [L.]    (Med.)    Castor. 

Cast  out.  I.  Eject,  expel,  oust,  turn  out  of 
doors. 

2.  Send  forth,  throw  out,  eject,  hurl  out  or 
forth. 

Castrate,  v.  a.  I,  Geld,  emasculate,  glib,  deprive, 
ol  virility,  make  a  eunuch. 

2.  Deprive  of  vigor,  mortify,  suppress,  subdue, 
weaken,  take  the  life  out  of. 

Castration,  «.  Orchotomy,  gelding,  emasculation, 
glibbing. 

Castrel,  «.  Windhover,  kestrel,  stannel  {Falco 
iinnunculus). 

Cast  up.     I.   Compute,  calculate,  reckon,  cast. 
2.    Eject,  throw  up,  vomit,  spew,  puke. 

Casual,  a.  Accidental,  fortuitous,  incidental,  con- 
tingent, that  happens  by  chance. 

Casualty,  «.  I.  Chance,  fortuity,  contingency 
hap,  unforeseen  event. 

2.  Accident,  disaster,  misfortune,  calamity, 
mischance,  catastrophe. 

Catachrestic,      \  a.     Forced,  strained,  far-fetched, 

Catachrestical, )  recondite,  studiously  sought, 
wrested. 

Cataclysm,  «.     I.   Inundation,  deluge,  overflow, 
flood. 
2.   (Geol.)   Catastrophe,  overwhelming  change. 

Catacomb,  n.     Crypt,  vault,  tomb. 

Catalepsy,  «.     (Med.)    Trance. 

Catalogue,  «•  List  (arranged  in  a  certain  order) 
register,  roll,  record,  schedule,  invoice,  inven- 
tory. 

Catamenia,  «.  pi.  [Gr.]  Menses,  menstrual  dis- 
charges, menstrual  flux,  courses. 

Catamenial,  a.     Menstrual. 

Catamount,  «.  Cougar,  puma.  North  American 
tiger  (Felis  concolor). 

Cataplasm,  «.     Poultice. 

Cataract,  »•    I.   Waterfall,  fall,  cascade, 

2.  (Med.)  Obstructed  sight,  loss  of  sight 
(from  opacity  of  the  crystalline  lens). 

Catarrh,  «.     Cold  in  the  head. 

Catastrophe,  «.  I.  Upshot,  issue,  consummation, 
conclusion,  termination,  denouement,  finaie^ 
winding  up,  finishing  stroke,  final  event. 

2.  Disaster,  misfortune,  mishap,  mischance. 
See  Calamity. 

Catch,  V.  a.  I.  Grasp,  seize,  snatch,  clutch,  gripe, 
grasp,  lay  hold  of,  fasten  upon. 

2.  Arrest,  apprehend,  capture. 

3.  Overtake,  come  up  with. 

4.  Ensnare,  entrap,  entangle. 

5.  Captivate,  charm,  enchant,  fascinate,  be- 
witch, win. 

6.  Take  (<m  a  disease). 

7.  Take  unawares,  surprise,  come  suddenly  on. 


CATCH 


69 


CAVERNOUS 


CAtClly  V.  n.     I.   Lay  hold,  take  hold,  hold. 

2.  Get  entangled,  hitch. 

3.  Be  conugious,  be  communicated,  spread  by 
infection. 

Catchy  «.     I.   Seizure.    See  Capture. 

2.  Snatch,  short  effort. 

3.  Clasp,  hook.     See  Hasp. 

4.  {Mus.).     Humorous  round,  comic  rondo. 

5.  Quantity  (offish  caught),  amount  caught, 
catching,  take. 

Catdl  at.  I.  Grasp  at,  try  to  seize,  snatch  at, 
snap  at. 

2.   Be  eager  to  get,  be  eager  for,  snatch  at, 
snap  at,  jump  at. 
CatcMly,  n.     Flybane. 

CatcMng,  n.    I.   Seizure,  capture,  arrest,  appre- 
hension. 
2.   Catch,  take. 
CatcMng*  a.     I.   Infectious,  contagious,  pestilen- 
tial, pestiferous. 

2.   Captivating,   taking,   charming;,  attractive, 
winning,  winsome,  enchanting,  fascinating. 
Catch  tripping:.     Find  at  fault,  find  in  error. 
Catch- weed,  n.     Goose-grass,  cleavers. 

Catchword, «.    i.  Cue. 

2.  Clew-word,  marginal  clew. 

3.  Party  cry,  shibboleth. 

Catechise,  v.  a.  Question,  interrogate,  examine, 
put  questions  to. 

Catechu*  «.  Cutch,  gambler,  Japan  earth,  Terra 
Japonica. 

Catechumen,  «  Pupil  {in  Christianity),  neophyte, 
convert,  proselyte. 

Categorical,  a.  Positive,  absolute,  unconditional, 
unqualified,  unreserved,  downright,  express,  ex- 
plicit, direct,  emphatic. 

Category,  n.  I.  Class,  head,  division,  order, 
rank. 

2.  Head  of  predication,  predicable,  predica- 
ment {predicate).,  leading  predicate,  universal 
aspect,  supreme  distinction,  primitive  or  ele- 
mental or  elementary  relation. 

Catenation,  n.  Connection,  union,  conjunction, 
linking  together,  continuous  junction,  concatena- 
tion, intimate  connection. 

Cater,  v.  n.  Purvey,  provide  food,  procure  provi- 
sions. 

Caterer,  «.     Provider,  purveyor. 

Caterpillar,  «.    Larva. 

Catfish,  n.     I.    Horn-pout,  mud-pout,  bull-head 
i^Pitnelodus  coitus). 
2.    Wolf-fish  {A  narrhicas  lupus). 

Catgold,  n.     I.   Yellow  mica. 
2.    Iron  pyrites. 

Catgut-scraper,  «.  [Derisive.]  Fiddler,  violin- 
player,  violinist. 

Cathartic,  a.  Purgative,  evacuant,  abstergent, 
cleansing. 

Cathartic,  «.  Purge,  purgative,  physic,  purgative 
medicine. 

CatheretiC,  n.    {Med.)    Caustic. 

CatheretiC,  a.    {Med.)    Caustic 

Catholic,  a.     I.   Universal,  general,  world-wide. 

2.  Liberal,  tolerant,  unbigoted,  unsectarian, 
unexclusive. 

3.  Roman  Catholic,  Romish,  papal. 
Catholic,  «.     Papist,  Roman  Catholic. 
Catholicism,  n.     I.   Universality,  cathoncity. 

2.  Liberality,  tolerance,  largeness  of  mind, 
catholicity. 

3.  Roman  Catholic  religion,  Romanism. 

4.  Adhesion  to  the  papacy,  papistry,  papism. 
Catholicity,  «.    I.  Universality,  generality,  world- 

wideness. 

2.  Liberality,  tolerance,  largeness  of  mind, 
freedom  from  prejudice,  bigotry,  or  narrowness, 
generosity. 


Catholicon,  n.  Panacea,  universal  remedy,  uni- 
versal medicine. 

Catkin,  ».     Anient,  amentum,  cat's-tail. 

Cat's-tye,  «.     Sunstone. 

Cat's-paw,  «.  I.  (Ad(«/.)  Ripple  of  air,  puff  of 
wind. 

2.   Dupe  {in  serving  another's  purpose),  gull, 
cully. 

Cat's-tail,  «.     I.   {Bot.)    Catkin  {which  see). 

2.  (Bot.)  Timothy,  timothy-grass,  herds'-grass 
{Fhleum  pretense). 

3.  Cirrus,  mare's-tail. 

Cattle,  n.  pi.    I.  Bovine  quadrupeds,  dumb  beasts. 
2.   Human  trash,  rabble,  riff-raff.     See  Ca- 
naille. 
Cattle-plague,  «.     Murrain,  rinderpest. 
Caul,  «.     I.   Cap,  coif.     \,lVorn  by  wottten.^ 

2.  Small  net. 

3.  Omentum,  epiploon. 

4.  Adherent  amnion. 
Causal,  a.     Causative. 

Causality,  n.  I.  Causativeness,  causativity,  cau- 
sation. 

2.   Causation,  causal  system,  interdependence 
of  events. 

Causation,  n.  I.  Production,  bringing  about, 
creation. 

2.   Causality,  causal  system,  interdependence 
of  events. 

Causative,  a.    Causal. 

Cause,  n.  I.  Origin,  original,  source,  spring,  main- 
spring, efficient  cause. 

2.  Ground,  reason,  motive,  consideration,  ac- 
count, inducement,  incentive,  incitement. 

3.  Purpose,  object,  aim,  end,  final  cause. 

4.  Undertaking,  enterprise,  attempt. 

5.  {Law.)    Suit,  action,  case,  trial. 

Cause,  V,  a.  I.  Produce,  create,  originate,  bring 
into  existence,  bring  into  being. 

2.   Effect,  produce,  bring  about,  lead  to,  occa- 
sion, give  rise  to. 

Caustic,  n.     Catheretic,  mordent,  erosive. 

Caustic,  a  I.  Erosive,  mordent,  corrosive,  cor- 
roding, catheretic,  consuming,  acrid,  virulent, 
eating 

2.  Burning,  scalding,  scathing,  stinging,  biting, 
sharp,  cutting,  bitter,  severe,  sarcastic,  satirical. 

Cauterize,  v.  a.  Sear,  bum  with  a  hot  iron,  bum 
with  cautery. 

Cautery,  «.     I.   Application  of  hot  iron. 
2.   Use  of  caustics. 

Caution,  «.  I.  Wariness,  heed,  heedfulness,  cir- 
cumspection, care,  carefulness,  watchfulness, 
vigilance,  forethought,  providence,  prudence, 
discretion. 

2.  Warning,  admonition,   injunction,    advice, 
counsel. 

3.  {Scotch  law.)    Security,   guaranty,  surety, 
pledge. 

Caution,  v.  a.  Warn,  admonish,  forewarn,  put  on 
one's  guard. 

Cautious,  a.  Prudent,  wary,  careful,  heedful, 
chary,  circumspect,  discreet,  watchful,  vigi- 
lant. 

Cavalcade,  «.     Procession  {o/ mounted  men). 

Cavalier,  n.  I.  Knight,  equestrian,  horseman, 
chevalier,  horse-soldier. 

2.  Partisan  of  Charles  I.,  royalist. 

3.  Beau,  attendant  {on  a  lady),  partner  {in  a 
dance). 

Cavalier,  a.  Disdainful,  haughty,  arrogant,  super- 
cilious, scornful,  insolent,  curt. 

Cavalry,  «.  Horse-soldiers,  horse,  mounted  sol- 
diers, mounted  men. 

Cave,  n.     Cavern,  den,  grotto,  grot. 

Cavern,  «.     Grotto,  cave,  den,  grot. 

Cavernoas,  a.     Hollow. 


CAVi;. 


70 


CERTAINTY 


CavOf  n.  I.  Frivolous  objection,  captious  criti- 
cism, unwairanted  censure,  carping,  censorious- 
ness,  wilful  censure,  objection  for  objection's 
sake. 

2.   Specious  objection,  specious  controversion, 
specious  disputation,  sophistry,  special  pleading. 

Cavil  at.  Censure  captiously,  carp  at,  wilfully  find 
fault  with,  pick  flaws  in,  raise  Involous  objection 
to. 

Caviller,  «.  I.  Carper,  censurer,  captious  dis- 
putant, frivolous  censor. 

2.   Special  pleader,  specious  objector,  sophis- 
tical disputer. 

CavUling,  a.  I.  Captious,  censorious,  carping, 
critical,  hypercritical,  disposed  to  cavil,  given  to 
fault-finding. 

2.   Specious,  sophistical,  plausible,  tricky. 

Cavity,  «.  Hollow,  empty  space,  void,  vacant 
place. 

Cayenne  pepper,  «.     Capsicum,  red  pepper. 

Cease,  v-  «.  I.  Desist,  stop,  stay,  break  off,  leave 
off,  give  over. 

2.  Fail,  be  extinct,  be  wanting. 

3.  Terminate,  end,  be  at  an  end,  come  to  an 
end,  blow  over. 

Cease,  v.  a.  Leave  off,  stop,  desist  from,  give 
over,  end. 

Ceaseless,  a.  I.  Incessant,  unceasing,  uninter- 
rupted, continual,  continuous,  unintermitting, 
unremitting. 

2.   Perpetual,     eternal,     endless,    everlasting, 
never-ending,  interminable. 

Cedar-l)ird,  «.  American  wax-wing  {BombycUla 
Carolinensis  or  A  tnpelis  Carolinensis). 

Cede,  V.  a.     I.   Surrender,  relinquish,  yield,  aban- 
don, resign,  deliver  up,  give  up. 
2.   Grant,  convey. 

Celebrate,  v.  a.  I.  Praise,  extol,  laud,  applaud, 
magnify,  glorify,  bless,  commend,  give  praise  to, 
make  famous. 

2.  Commemorate,  honor,  keep,  observe. 

3.  Solemnize,  perform  with  due  solemnities. 
Celebrated,  a.     Famous,  renowned,  distinguished, 

illustrious,  eminent,  famed,  far-famed. 
Celebration,   ».      I.   Honor,   praise,  commenda- 
tion, laudation. 

2.  Commemoration,  observance. 

3.  Solemnization,  reverent  performance. 
Celebrity,   «.     I.    Fame,   renown,    glory,   honor, 

credit,    reputation,     eminence,    distinction,    re- 
pute. 
2.   Person  of  note,  noted  person,  lion. 

Celerity,  «.  Speed,  quickness,  swiftness,  rapid- 
ity, fieetness,  velocity  (when  used  of  inanimate 
objects). 

Celestial,  a.  I.  Of  or  in  the  firmament,  of  or  in 
the  visible  heavens,  empyrean,  empyreal. 

2.   Heavenly,  supernal,  angelic,  seraphic,  god- 
like, divine. 

Celibacy,  «.  Single  life,  unmarried  state,  absti- 
nence from  marriage. 

Celibate,  «.     Bachelor,  unmarried  man. 

Celibate,  a.     Unmarried,  single. 

Cell,  «.     I,   Small  room,  confined  apartment. 

2.  Solitary  abode  ;  squalid,  lonely  dwelling. 

3.  Enclosed  space,  small  cavity, 

4.  Elementary  corpuscle,    organic  unit,   sim- 
plest organism. 

Cellular,  a.    Alveolate,  favose,  honey-combed. 
Cement,  «.     I.    Mortar. 

2.   Bond  of  union,  bond. 
Cement,  v.  a.     Unite,  connect,  attach,  join. 
Cement,  v.  n.     Unite,  cohere,  stick  together. 
Cemetery,  n.     Graveyard,  burying-ground,  burial- 
ground,  church-yard,  necropolis,  God's  Acre. 


Cenotapb,  «.  Monument  {to  one  whose  body  is 
not  buried  under  it  or  near  it),  mortuary  monu- 
ment. 

Censor,  «.    I.  Inspector,  critic. 
2.   Censurer,  caviller. 

Censorious,  a.  Captious,  carping,  hypercritical, 
severe,  condemnatory,  fault-finding,  hard  to 
please,  prone  to  find  fault,  apt  to  blame  or 
censure. 

Censurable,  a.  Blamable,  reprehensible,  culpa- 
ble, blameworthy,  faulty,  worthy  of  censure. 

Censure,  «.  Blame,  disapprobation,  disapproval, 
condemnation,  reproof,  reproach,  reprehension, 
rebuke,  reprimand,  animadversion,  stricture. 

Censure,  v.  a.  Blame,  reproach,  reprove,  chide, 
reprehend,  reprimand,  find  fault  with,  pass  cen- 
sure on. 

Censurer,  «.     I.   Censor,  critic. 
2.   Caviller,  carper. 

Centenary, «.  I.  (Jiare)  Century,  a  hundred 
years. 

2.  Hundredth  anniversary,  centennial  celebra- 
tion. 

Centesimal,  a.    Hundredth,  by  the  hundred. 

Centralize,  v.  a.  Concentrate  {the  powers  of 
government),  delocalize,  collect  in  the  nation 
{as  opposed  to  its  provinces). 

Centralization,  «.  Concentration,  delocaliza- 
tion,  nationalization,  enlargement  of  national 
powers,  destruction  or  contraction  of  local 
power. 

Centre,  n.  Middle,  midst,  middle  point,  midmost 
point. 

Centrifugal,  a.    Tending  from  the  centre. 

Centripetal,  a.     Tending  to  the  centre. 

Centuple,  a.     Hundred-fold. 

Centuple,  v.  a.  Increase  a  hundred-fold,  centupli- 
cate. 

Century,  «.     I.   Hundred. 

2.   Centenary,  hundred  years. 

Cere,  v.  a.     Wax,  smear  with  wax. 
Cereals,  n.  pi.     Edible  grains. 
Cerecloth,  n.     Cerement,  graveclothes. 
Cerement,  «.     Cerecloth,  graveclothes. 
Ceremonial,  a.     Ritual,  formal. 
Ceremonial,  n.     I.   Ritual,  rites,  system  of  rites, 
ritual  system. 

2.  Formalities,  established  forms,  system   of 
ceremonies,  etiquette. 

3.  Grand  ceremony,  stately  rites,  prolonged 
ceremony. 

Ceremonious,  a.  I.  Full  of  ceremony,  stately, 
lofty,  courtly. 

2.  Formal,  studied,  according  to  due  form,  ob- 
servant of  all  the  punctilios. 

3.  Formal,  punctilious,  stiff,  precise,  starched, 
observant  of  conventionalities. 

Cex^mony,  «.     I.   Rite,  form,  formality,  ceremo- 
nial, solemnity,  observance. 
2.   Parade,  pomp,  show,  stateliness. 

Certain,  a.  I.  Indubitable,  unquestionable,  in- 
disputable, undeniable,  incontestable,  incontro- 
vertible, unquestioned,  undisputed,  undoubted, 
absolute,  positive,  plain,  sure,  past  dispute,  be- 
yond all  question,  clear  as  day. 

2.  Sure,  assured,  confident,  undoubting,  fully 
convinced. 

3.  Unfailing,  infallible,  never-failing. 

4.  Actual,  real,  existing. 

5.  Settled,    determinate,    fixed,    stated,    con- 
stant. 

6.  Known  but  unnamed,  sort  or)   some,   in- 
determinate. 

Certainty,  «.  I.  Surety,  indubitableness,  un- 
questionableness,   inevitableness,   inevitability- 


CERTIFICATE 


71 


CHAP 


2.  Certitude,  assuredness,  assurance,  absolute 
'Confidence,  complete  conviction,  inability  to 
doubt,  certain  knowledge. 

3.  Truth,  fact,  fixed  fact,  accomplished  fact, 
thing  beyond  question. 

Certiucate,  «.     I.   Voucher,  written  evidence. 

2.  Testimonial,  attestation,  credential. 
CertUy*  »•  'i-     I«   Attest,  testify  to,  vouch  for. 

2.   Verify,  ascertain,  determine,  make  certain. 
Certitude,  «.     See  Certainty,  2. 
Cerulean,  a.     Azure,  blue,  sky-colored,  sky-blue. 
Cerumen,  «.     Ear-wax. 
Ceruse,  «.     White-lead,  carbonate  of  lead. 

gTsfei"-    Turfy,  turfy-like. 

Cessation,  «•  Stoppage,  stop,  intermission,  re- 
mission, suspension,  pause,  rest,  respite,  discon- 
tinuance, ceasing. 

Cession,  «.     I.   Surrender,  relinquishment,  yield- 
ing, renunciation,  abandonment. 
2.  Grant,  conveyance. 

Cestns,  n.     [L.]     I.   Girdle  {especially  the  girdle 
0/  Venus\  belt,  cincture,  band. 
2.   Gauntlet,  boxing-glove. 

Cliafe,  V.  a.  I.  Rub,  injure  by  rubbing,  wear  by 
rubbing. 

2.  Irritate,  vex,  annoy,  fret,  tease,  gall,  cha- 
grin, provoke,  ruffle,  offend,  nettle,  incense,  en- 
rage, exasperate,  anger,  make  angry. 

Chafe,  V.  n.     I.   Be  rubbed,  be  worn  by  rubbing. 
2.     Rage,  fret,  fume. 

Chaff,  «.     I.   Husks,  hulls,  glumes. 
2.    Refuse,  worthless  matter. 

Chaff,  V.  a.  Ridicule,  mock,  sco£F,  deride,  jeer, 
flout,  make  fun  of,  poke  fun  at  (colloq.). 

Chaffer,  v.  n.  Higgle,  haggle,  bargain,  nego- 
tiate. 

Chagrin,  «.  Mortification,  vexation,  annoyance, 
displeasure,  disquiet,  ill-humor. 

Chagrin,  v-  a.  Mortify,  vex,  irritate,  chafe,  annoy, 
displease,  provoke,  put  out  of  temper. 

Chain,  n.     I.    Fetter,  manacle,  shackle,  bond. 
2.  Connected  series,  succession,  congeries. 

Chain,  v.  a.     I.    Fasten  with  a  chain. 

2.  Confine,  restrain,  fetter,  shackle,  trammel. 

3.  Enslave,  hold  in  bondage. 

Chains,  n.  pi.  Fetters,  bonds,  irons,  shackles, 
manacles,  bondage,  captivity,  thraldom,  durance, 
duress,  prison,  constraint. 

Chair,  ».    I.  Seat. 

2.  Seat  of  justice,  seat  of  authority. 

3.  Chairman,  presiding  officer. 

4.  Professorship. 

Chairman,  ».     Chair,  presidint?  officer. 

ChaldaiC,  n.  Chaldee,  Chaldaic  language,  Ara- 
maic, Aramaean. 

Chaldee,  «.  Chaldaic,  Chaldaic  language,  Aramaic, 
Aramaean. 

Chalice,  «.  Cup  [^especially  the  communion  cup), 
bowl,  goblet. 

Chalky,  a.     Cretaceous. 

Challenge,  v.  a.  I.  Defy,  dare,  brave,  invite  to 
contest,  call  to  combat,  call  to  answer. 

2.  Demand,  require,  claim,  call  for. 

3.  {Law.)    Object  to,  take  exceptions  to. 
Challenge,    «.      I,    Defiance,   summons  to  con- 
test, call  to  combat,  call  to  answer. 

2.   {Law.)     Exception,  objection. 
Chalybeate,  a.     Impregnated  with  iron. 
Cham,  n.     Khan,  sovereign  prince  {0/  Tartary). 
Chamber,  n.     I.    Apartment,  room,  halL 

2.  Cavity,  hollow,  hollow  place. 

3.  Legislative  body. 
Chamber-fellow,  ».     Chum,  room-mate. 
Chamber-pot,  «.     Urinal,  jorden. 
Chambers,  «.  //.     I.    Lawyer's  quarters. 

2.   Lodgings,  hired  apartment. 


Chamfer,  v.  a.    I.  Bevel. 

2.   Channel,  flute,  groove,  cut  furrows  in,  cut 

channels  in. 
Chamfer,  n.     I.     Bevel. 

2.    Fluting,  channel,  furrow. 
Champ,  V.  a.     Bite,  chew,  gnaw. 
Champaign,  n.    Flat,  open  country,  plain. 
Champaign,  a.     Flat  {as  latid),  level,  open. 
Champion,  n.    I.  Defender,  protector,  vindicator 

{by  arms). 

2,  Defender,  protector,  vindicator,  promoter 
(iy  word  and  deed). 

3.  Hero,  victor,  winner,  acknowledged  chief, 
belt-holder,  challenger  of  all  comers. 

Chance,  n.     I.   Accident,  hap,  fortuity,  fortune, 
luck. 
2*    Possibility,  contingency. 
3.   Opportunity,  occasion,  opening. 
4*    Uncertainly,  contingency,  fortuity. 

5.  Fortuitous  event,  piece  of  luck,  stroke  of 
good  luck. 

6.  Risk,  hazard,  peril,  jeopardy. 

Chance,  v.  ».  Happen,  occur,  befall,  betide,  take 
place,  fall  out,  turn  up,  come  to  pass. 

Chancery,  «.     I,  Court  of  equity.  Court  of  Chan- 
cery. 
2.  [£/■.  6".]    Equity,  proceedings  in  equity. 

Change,  v.  a.  I.  Vary,  modify,  make  diflFerent, 
make  some  change  in.     See  Alter. 

2.  Shift,  remove  for  other,  replace  by  other. 

3.  Exchange,  barter,  commute,  give  in  ex- 
change. 

4.  Give  small  coin  (or  bills),  in  exchange  for. 
Change,  v.  «.     Alter,   vary,  shift,  veer,  turn,   un- 
dergo change,  change  about. 

Change,  ».  I.  Alteration,  variation,  mutation, 
transition,  transmutation,  revolution. 

2.  Vicissitude,  variety,  novelty,  innovation. 

3.  Small  coin,  small  money. 
Cliangeable,    a.      I.     Variable,     inconstant,    un- 
steady, unsteadfast,  unstable,  unsettled,  mutable, 
uncertain. 

2.  Fickle,  wavering,  vacillating,  fitful,  capri- 
cious, volatile,  mercurial,  giddy,  like  a  weather- 
cock. 

Changeful,  a.  [Same  as  Changeable,  but  re- 
ferring properly  to  inanimate  objects.] 

Change  hands.     Change  owners. 

Changeless,  a.  Unchanging,  immutable,  abiding, 
unvarying,  permanent,  invariable,  constant,  fixed, 
unalterable. 

Changeling,  «.  I.  False-child  {le/t  in  place  of 
another  taken), 

2.  Oaf,  simpleton,  fool,  dunce. 

3.  Waverer,  shifter,  person  of  fickle  mind. 

4.  Substitute,  fraudulent  shift. 
Channel,  n.     I.    Passage,  duct,  conduit,  canal. 

2.  Water-course,  canal. 

3.  Gutter,  furrow,  fluting,  chamfer. 

4.  Strait,  arm  of  the  sea,  narrow  sea. 

5.  Avenue,  route,  way. 

Channel,  v-  a.    Groove,   flute,  chamfer,  cut  fur- 
rows in,  cut  channels  in. 
Chant,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.    I,   Sing,  warble,  carol. 

2.  Intone. 

3.  Celebrate  in  song. 
Chant,  n.    Song,  carol,  melody. 
Chanter,  «.    Singer,  songster. 
Chanticleer,  n.    Cock. 

Chaos,  n.  I.  Primeval  matter,  primordial  confu- 
sion. 

2.  Disorder,  confusion. 
Chaotic,  a.     Disordered,  utterly  confused. 
Chap,  V.  a.    Crack,  split,  cleave. 
Chap,  V.  n.     Crack,  open  in  slits. 
Chap,  n.     I.   Cleft,  crack,  opening. 

2.   Boy,  youth,  fellow. 


CHAPARRAL 


72 


CHASTITY 


CibSLparralf  n.    Thicket  {o/  brambles  and  thorny 

shrubs). 

Chapeau,  n.    [Fr.]    Hat. 

Chapfallen,  a.  [Sometimes  spelled  ChoP/allen.l 
Dejected,  dispirited,  depressed,  discouraged, 
melancholy,  sad,  downcast,  cast  down,  disheart- 
ened, downhearted,  desponding,  despondent, 
blue,  crestfallen,  low-spirited,  in  low  spirits. 

Chaplet,  n.     Garland,  wreath,  coronal. 

C&}«-^^-     Mouth,  jaws. 

Char,  V.  a.     I.   Bum  on  the    surface,  bum  par- 
tially, scorch. 
2.   Reduce  to  charcoal,  carbonize. 

Character,  «.  I.  Mark,  figure,  sign,  symbol, 
emblem,  letter. 

2.  Constitution,  quality,  nature,  disposition, 
cast,  turn,   bent. 

3.  Moral  qualities,  personal  traits,  habitual 
conduct. 

4.  Marked  traits,  strongly  marked  personality, 
striking  qualities. 

5.  Person,  personage,  individual. 

6.  Reputation,  repute. 
CMracteilstiC,  a.     I.   Special,  peculiar,  distinc- 
tive. 

2.   In  keeping  with  one's  character,  thoroughly 

illustrative. 
Qiaracteristic,  n.    Peculiarity,  marked  feature, 

distinguishing  trait. 
Qiaracterlzation,  «.    Designation  {of  properties), 

specification. 
Cliaracterize,  v.  a.     I.  Distinguish,   designate, 

mark. 
2.  Describe,  set  forth  the  character  of,  specify 

the  peculiarities  of. 
Qiarcoal,  «.     Carbon  {more  or  less  ^re). 
Charge,  v.  a.     I.  Load,  burden,  freight,  lade. 

2.  Intrust,  put  in  care  of. 

3.  Ascribe,  impute,  lay,  lay  at  one's  door,  lay 
to  one's  charge. 

4.  Accuse,  arraign,  impeach,  inculpate,  crim- 
inate, indict,  tax,  call  to  account,  take  to  task, 
inform  against. 

5.  Command,  order,  bid,  require,  enjoin. 

6.  Attack,  assault,  fall  upon,  bear  down  upon, 
set  on. 

Charge,  v.  «.    Make  an  onset,  make  a  charge. 
Charge,  «.     I.   Load,  lading,  cargo,  freight,  bur- 
den. 

2.  Care,  custody,  ward,  management. 

3.  Commission,  duty,  office,  trust,  employ- 
ment. 

4.  Trust,  intrusted  object,  intrusted  cause, 
object  of  responsibility 

5.  Order,  injunction,  direction,  mandate,  pre- 
cept, command. 

6.  Instruction,  exhortation. 

7.  Accusation,  crimination- 

8.  Cost,  expense,  outlay,  expenditure. 

9.  Price,  sum  charged. 

10.  Onset,  onslaught,  assault,  attack,  en- 
counter. 

11.  {Her.)    Bearing. 

Chargeable,  a      I,   Attributable,  imputable,  refer- 
rible,   traceable,    owing,  to  be    charged,  to  be 
ascribed. 
2.   Liable  to  be  accused. 
Charger,  «.    I.  Dish,  platter. 

2.    War-horse. 
Charily,  ad.     Cautiously,  warily,  heedfully,  care- 
fully, circumspectly,  with   caution,  with  circum- 
spection. 
Charitable,  a.      I.   Benevolent,    beneficent,  be- 
nignant, kind,  benign,  liberal,  bountiful,  gener- 
ous, open-handed. 
2.  Considerate,  lenient,  mild,  candid. 


Charity,  «.  I.  Benevolence,  kindness,  benignity, 
tender-heartedness,  kind-heartedness,  fellow-feel- 
ing, good-will ,  good-nature,  milk  of  human  kind- 
ness. 

2.  Beneficence,  liberality,  generosity,  bounty, 
humanity,  philanthropy,  alms-giving,  active 
goodness,  doing  of  good. 

3.  Benefaction,  gift,  alms. 

Charivari,  «.  [Fr.J  Discordant  music,  mock 
serenade. 

Charlatan,  «.  Quack,  empiric,  mountebank,  pre- 
tender, impostor,  cheat. 

CharlataniC,  a.     Empirical,  quackish. 

Charlatanry,  «.  Quackery,  empiricism,  trickery, 
deceit. 

Charles's  Wain.  The  Great  Bear,  Ursa  Major, 
The  Wain,  The  Cleaver,  The  Dipper. 

Charm,  «.  I.  Spell,  enchantment,  incantation, 
witchery,  magic,  sorcery,  necromancy,  magical 
power. 

2.  Attraction,  fascination,  allurement,  attrac- 
tiveness. 

Charm,  v.  a.  I.  Subdue  by  a  charm,  enchant, 
cast  a  spell  upon,  allay  by  enchantment. 

2.  Fascinate,  enchant,  delight,  attract,  cap- 
tivate, catch,  transport,  enravish,  enrapture,  en- 
amour, bewitch,  allure,  win,  please  highly,  lead 
captive. 

Charmer,  «.     I.    Enchanter,  magician,  sorcerer. 
2.    Sweetheart,  loved  one,  darling,  dear. 

Charming,  a.  Fascinating,  captivating,  enchant- 
ing, enrapturing,  bewitching,  delightful,  lovely. 

Chamel-hO^e,  «.     Ossuary,  tomb.     See  Grave. 

Charter,  n.  I.  Act  of  incorporation,  patent  of 
rights  and  immunities. 

2.  {Rare. )  Right,  privilege,  prerogative,  im- 
munity, franchise,  liberty. 

Charter,  v.  a.  I.  Incorporate,  establish  by  char- 
ter, grant  by  charter. 

2.  Let  or  hire  {a  ship  or  other  means  of  con- 
veyance). 

Chary,  a.  Cautious,  wary,  careful,  shy,  circum- 
spect. 

Chase,  v.  a.    I.    Pursue,  hunt,  track,  run  after, 
give  chase  to. 
2.   Emboss,  enchase. 

Chase,  n.     I.   Hunting,  hunt,  field-sport. 
2.   Pursuit,  race. 

Chase  away.    Drive  away,  force  away. 

Chasm,  «•  Opening,  cleft,  fissure,  gap,  hiatus, 
cavity,  hollow. 

Chaste,  a.  I.  Pure,  undefiled,  virtuous,  pure- 
minded,  modest,  continent. 

2.  Free  from  impurity,  free  from  obscenity, 
pure,  clean,  elevated. 

3.  Uncorrupt,  pure,  unaffected,  simple,  neat, 
free  from  barbarisms,  in  good  taste,  chast- 
ened. 

4.  Refined,  elegant,  classic. 

Chasten,  z/- a-    I.  Discipline  by  affiiction,  correct, 
humble,  bring  low. 
2.   Purify,  refine,  render  subdued,  toned  down. 

Chastening,  «.  Chastisement,  correction,  disci- 
pline, humbling. 

Chastise,  Z'.  <!•  I.  Castigate,  punish  («;/V/t  j^rz)5^j), 
whip,  flog,  beat,  lash,  correct. 

2.  Punish  {by  tvhatever  means),  correct, 
chasten,  discipline,  humble,  subdue,  bring  to 
duty,  render  obedient. 

3.  Repress,  restrain,  moderate,  check,  sober, 
reduce  to  order,  bring  under. 

Chastisement,  «.  Punishment,  chastening,  cor- 
rection 

Chastity,  «.  I.  Purity,  virtue,  modesty,  pure- 
mindedness,  continence. 

2.  Purity,  cleanness,  decency,  freedom  from 
impurity  or  obscenity. 


CHAT 


73 


CHICKAREE 


3.  [/«  this  sense  rare.]  Chasteness,  chast- 
ened character,  UDa£fectediiess,  simplicity,  re- 
strainedness,  sobriety,  refinement,  purity,  free- 
dom from  extravagauce. 

Chat,  V.  n.  Prattle,  chatter,  babble,  gossip,  con- 
fabulate, talk  freely,  talk  lightly  and  unceremo- 
niously, have  a  free  and  easy  talk. 

CMt,  «.  Prattle,  gossip,  confabulation,  chit- 
chat, causerie,  easy  conversation,  tree  and 
easy  talk,  rambling  and  informal  talk,  confab 
(coiloq.). 

Chattels,  n.  pi.  Goods,  effects,  property  other 
than  freehold. 

Chatter,  v.  ».  Prattle,  chat,  gossip,  talk  idly, 
talk  freely.     See    Prate. 

Chatter,  n.  Chat,  prattle,  babble,  gabble.  See 
Prate  and  Balderdash. 

Chatterer,  «•  Prater,  prattler,  tattler,  gossip, 
babbler,  gadder,  gadabout,  rattle-head,  gibberer, 
jabberer,  cackler,  blabber,  blatterer,  blatherskite. 

Cheap,  a.     I.    Low-priced. 

2.  Common,  paltry,  poor,  mean,  indifferent, 
inferior,  of  little  value,  of  small  account. 

Cheapen,  v.  a.     I.   Depreciate,  reduce  in  value, 
lower  the  price  of,  lower  in  price. 
2.   Depreciate,  belittle,  reduce  in  esteem. 

Cheat,  V.  a.  Defraud,  trick,  deceive,  dupe,  gull, 
overreach,  jockey,  cozen,  chouse,  outwit,  bam- 
boozle, circumvent,  delude,  hoodwink,  beguiie, 
mislead,  cajole,  inveigle,  gammon,  impose  upon, 
take  in,  swuidle,  victimize,  practise  on,  entrap, 
ensnare,  hoax,  fool,  befool,  play  false. 

Cheat,  V.  ft.  Deceive,  practise  fraud,  act  dishon- 
estly, shuffle,  dissemble,  cozen,  juggle. 

Cheat,  «.  I.  Trick,  deception,  imposture,  imposi- 
tion, juggle,  stratagem,  fraud,  wile,  blind,  catch, 
swindle,  snare,  trap,  pitfall,  artifice,  deceit, 
chouse,  piece  of  finesse,  bit  of  knavery,  piece  of 
chicanery. 

2.  False  show,  delusion,  illusion,  deception, 
mockery,  sham,  counterfeit,  make  believe,  tinsel, 
paste. 

3.  Trickster,  impostor,  rogue,  knave,  swindler, 
sharper,  cheater,  artful  fellow,  dodger,  artful 
dodger,  shuffler,  charlatan,  mountebank,  cheva- 
lier d"  Industrie. 

Cheater,  «.    Trickster.     See  Cheat. 

Check,  n.  I.  Restraint,  curb,  bridle,  hindrance, 
stop,  obstacle,  impediment,  obstruction,  bar, 
barrier,  damper,  interference,  rebuff,  repression, 
control. 

2.  Counter,  register,  corresponding  indenture, 
corresponding  cipher. 

3.  Mark,  symbol,  sign. 

4.  Order  for  money. 

5.  Ticket,  certificate  of  right. 

6.  Checkered  cloth. 

Check,  V.  a.  I,  Restrain,  curb,  bridle,  hinder, 
obstruct,  repress,  counteract,  control,  put  a  re- 
straint upon,  hold  in  check,  put  a  damper  upon, 
nip  in  the  bud. 

2.  Reprove,  chide,  reprimand,  rebuke. 

3.  Note  with  a  mark. 
Checker,  v.  a.    Variegate,  diversify, 
Checkerberry,  «.      Partridge-berry,  squaw-vine, 

winter-clover  {Mitchella  repens). 

Checkers,  «.  //.     Draughts. 

Checkmate,  v.  a.  Beat  {at  chess),  conquer,  van- 
quish, put  in  check,  put  completely  at  fault, 
corner,  entirely  thwart. 

Cheek  by  jowl.  Close  {as  in  familiar  inter- 
course), face  to  face,  side  by  side,  tHe-h-tHe,  in 
close  proximity. 

Cheep,  V.  «.,  v.a.,  and  «.  Pipe,  peep,  chirp, 
squeak,  creak. 

Cheer,  «.  I.  Gladness,  joy,  gayety,  mirth,  merri- 
ment.   See  Chberfulnbss. 


2.  Entertainment,  provisions,  food,  repast, 
viands,  victuals. 

3.  Acclamation,  shout  of  applause,  huzza, 
hurrah. 

Cheer,  v.  a.  I.  Gladden,  exhilarate,  inspirit,  en- 
liven, animate,  incite,  encourage. 

2.  Comfort,  console,  solace,  make  cheerful 

3.  Applaud,  clap,  salute  with  cheers. 
Cheerful,  a.     I.   Glad,  lively,  sprightly,  animated, 

joyful,  joyous,  happy,  light-hearted,  lightsome, 
blithe,  mirthful,  buoyant,  gleeful,  gay,  cheery, 
airy,  sunny,  jocund,  jolly,  in  good  spirits,  of  good 
cheer,  in  high  feather. 

2.  Gladdening,  cheery,  cheering,  enlivening, 
encouraging,  glad,  jocund,  pleasant,  grateful, 
hope-inspiring,  inspiriting,  animating. 

Cheerfully,  ad.     I.   Gladly,  joyfully,  etc 

2.  Willingly,  gladly,  with  pleasure,  with  alac- 
rity, ungrudgingly. 

Cheerfulness,  «.  I.  Cheer,  good  spirits,  glad- 
ness, gladsomeness,  happiness,  coiuentedness, 
joyfulness,  joy,  animation,  liveliness,  lightsome- 
ness,  light-heartedness,  blithesomeness,  mirth, 
mirtlifulness,  sunshine,  gleefulness,  buoyancy, 
buoyancy  of  spirits,  flow  of  spirits. 

2.  Willingness,  glad  alacrity,  ungrudging 
consent,  pleased  promptitude. 

Cheerless,  a.  Dreary,  gloomy,  sombre,  dark, 
melancholy,  sad,  dismal,  joyless,  spiritless,  lugu- 
brious, mournful,  despondent,  discouraged,  low- 
spirited,  doleful,  woe-begone,  rueful,  disconso- 
late, forlorn,  desolate. 

Cheepr,  a.      I.   Blithe,   hearty,    g;ay,   lightsome, 
sprightly,  lively,  buoyant,  sunny,  joyous,   merry. 
2.  Cheering,   heartening,  animating,   enliven- 
ing, brightening. 

Cheesy,  a.  Caseous,  cheese-like,  of  the  nature  of 
cheese. 

Chef-d'oeuvre,  «.  [Fr.]  Master-piece,  master- 
work,  master-stroke,  paragon,  capital  perform- 
ance 

Chemise,  n.     Shift,  smock. 

Cherish,  v.  a.  I.  Nurture,  foster,  nourish,  nurse, 
sustain,  support,  comfort,  care  for. 

2.  Hold  dear,  count  precious,  care  greatly 
for,  treasure,  preserve  anxiously,  protect  ten- 
derly. 

3.  Harbor,  entertain,  indulge,  encourage. 
Chersonese,  «.    Peninsula. 

Chert,  «.     Hornstone.  rock-flint,  petrosilex. 

Cherub,  «.     I.    [//.    Cherubim.]    Angel,   power, 
angel  of  knowledge. 
2.   [//.  Cherubs?i     Beautiful  child. 

Cherubic,  a.     Angelic,  cherubinic,  cherubical. 

Cherup,  v.  n.     Chirp,  chirrup. 

Cherup,  v.  a.  Encourage  {by  chirruping),  in- 
spirit, animate,  cheer,  chirrup. 

Chest,  n.     I.   Box,  case,  packing-box,  coffer. 
2.   Breast,  thorax,  trunk  {of  the  body). 

Chetah,  «.  [Sometimes  written  Cheetah.]  Hunt- 
ing leopard  {Felisjubata). 

Chevalier,  «.     Kmght,  horseman,  cavalier. 

Chew,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.  I.  Masticate,  manducate, 
munch. 

2.  Champ,  bite,  gnaw. 

3.  Meditate,  ruminate,  muse  on,  reflect  upon, 
chew  the  cud  upon. 

Chicane,  «.  Trickery,  sophistry.  See  Chican- 
ery. 

Chicanery^  «.  Trickery,  duplicity,  chicane,  sophis- 
try, sophistication,  deception,  intrigjue,  intriguing, 
wire-pulling,  stratagems,  wiles,  tergiversation. 

Chiccoiy,  «.     Succory. 

Chickadee,  n.  Black-capped  titmouse  (Parus 
atricapillus). 

Chickaree,  «.  Red  squirrel  {Sciurus  Hudso' 
nius). 


CHIDE 


74 


CHORE 


CMdCt  V.  a.  Rebuke,  reprimand,  censure,  re- 
prove, blame,  upbraid,  admonish,  scold,  scold 
at. 

CMde,  V.  «.     Scold,  clamor,  fret,  fume,  chafe. 

CMet,  a.  I.  Leadmg,  headmost,  first,  supreme, 
most  eminent. 

2.  Principal,  main,  prime,  vital,  essential, 
capital,  especial,  great,  grand,  cardinal,  master, 
supreme,  paramount,  grand,  most  important. 

CMef,  n.     I.   Chieftain,  commander. 

2.   Leader,  head,  corypheus,  principal  person. 

CMefly,  ad.     I.    Principal!}',  emmently,   mainly, 
especially,  particularly,  above  all. 
2.    Mostly,  for  the  most  part. 

CMeftain,  n.  Leader  (of  a  clan  or  of  troops)^ 
chief,  commander,  captain 

CMffonnier,  n.     [Fr.]     I.   Side- board,  cabinet. 
2.   Rag-picker. 

Chigoe,  n.     See  Chigre. 

CMgre,  n.  {£ni.)  Jigger,  chigoe  (JPulex  petie- 
trans). 

Child,  n.  [pi.  Children.'\  I.  Infant,  babe,  baby, 
nursling,  suckling,  chit,  brat,  bantling,  bairn, 
little  one. 

2.  Young  per-son. 

3.  Offspring,  issue,  progeny. 
Child-beanng,  «.     See  Childbirth. 
Childbed,  n.     Parturition.     See  Childbirth. 
Cllildhirth,  «.    Parturition,  delivery,  travail,  labor, 

childbed,  child-bearing. 

Childhood^  n.  Infancy,  minority,  pupilage,  non- 
age. 

Childish^    a.       I.    Puerile,    infantile,    infantine, 
young,  tender. 
2.    Foolish,  silly,  weak,  trifling,  frivolous. 

Childlike,  a.  I.  Docile,  meek,  submissive,  duti- 
ful, obedient,  gentle. 

2.  Simple,  innocent,  ingenuous,  uncrafty, 
guileless,  trustful,  confiding. 

Children,  pi.  of  Child  {which  see). 

Chiliad,  «.     I.   Thousand. 

2.  Thousand  years,  millenary,  millennium,  chil- 
iasm. 

Chill,  «.     I.   Cold,  coldness,  chilliness,  frigidity. 

2.  Shiver,  ague,  shivering-fit,  ague-fit,  rigor. 

3.  Depression,  damp,  depressing  influence. 
Chill,  a.     Cold,  frigid,  chilly,  bleak. 

Chill,  V.  a.     I.   Make  chilly,  make  cold. 

2.  Depress,  discourage,  deject,  dampen,  dis- 
hearten. 

Chilly,  a.    Cool,  somewhat  cold.     See  Chill. 

Chime,  «.  I.  Consonance,  harmony,  correspond- 
ence of  sound. 

2.  Set  of  chimed  bells,  chime  of  bells. 

3.  Ringing  of  the  chimes  or  of  a  chime. 
Chime,  v.  n.    Harmonize,  accord,   sound  in  har- 
mony. 

Chime  in  with.    Agree  with,  fall  in  with. 
Chimera,   n.       Illusion,    hallucination,    delusion, 

fantasy,  phantom,    dream,   crotchet,  idle   fancy, 

creature  of  the  imagination,  air-castle,  castle  m 

the  air,  chateau  en  Espagne. 
Chimerical,    a.       Imaginary,   fantastic,    fanciful, 

visionary,    illusory,    shadowy,     wild,    Quixotic, 

Utopian. 
Chimney-comer,  «.     Fireside,  ingleside. 
China,  n.     Porcelain,  Chinaware. 
Chincapin,   n.      [Written   also    Chinquapin    and 

Chinkapin.'\     Dwarf-chestnut     {Castanea    pu- 

tnild) . 
Chinch,  «.     I.   Bed-bug,  house-bug,  bug  (Cimex 

leclularius). 
2.   Chinch -bug,  chink-bug,  chintz. 
Chine,  «.     Backbone,  spine. 
Chink,  «.     Opening,  gap,  crack,  cranny,  crevice, 

cleft,  rift,  fissure,  narrow  aperture. 
Chink,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.    Jingle,  clink,  ring. 


Chip,  V.  a.     Hew,  cut  chips  from. 

Chip,  n.    Fragment,  scrap,  small  piece. 

Chipmunk,  n.  [Written  also  Chipmonk  and  Chip^ 
tnuk.\  Hackee,  ground-squirrel,  chipping-squir- 
rel,  striped-squirrel  (  Taniias  Listeri). 

Chirography,  n.  Handwriting,  hand,  penman- 
ship, style  of  penmanship. 

Chiromancy,  «.     Palmistry. 

Chirrup,  v.  n.     Chirp,  cherup. 

Chirrup,  v.  a.  Encourage,  animate,  inspirit, 
cheer,  cherup,  urge  on. 

Chisel,  V  a.     Cut,  carve,  sculpture. 

Chit-chat,  «.  Prattle,  gossip,  chat,  causerie,  easy 
conversation,  familiar  talk,  idle  talk,  free  and 
easy  talk. 

Chivalric,  a.    Gallant.     See  Chivalrous. 

Chivalrous,  a.  I.  Gallant,  adventurous,  val- 
iant,  brave,  warlike,  bold,  knightly. 

2.    High-minded,  generous,  gallant,  magnani- 
mous, knightly. 

Chivaliy,  «.     I.   Knighthood,  knight-errantry. 
2-   Valor,  gallantry. 

Chloride  of  barium.  Muriate  of  baryta,  hydro- 
chlorate  of  baryta. 

Chloride  of  lime.     Bleaching  powder. 

Chloride  of  mercury.  Calomel,  protochloride  of 
mercury,  subchloride  of  mercury. 

Chlorosis,  n.     {Med.)     Green-sickness. 

Chogret,  «.  [Indian  name.]  Conner,  cunner, 
burgall,  blue  perch. 

Choice,  n.    I.   Election,  selection,  option,  alterna- 
tive. 
2.   Preference. 

Choice,  a.     I.   Select,  exquisite,  precious,   valua- 
ble,  rare,  uncommon,  excellent,   superior,    un- 
usual. 
2.   Frugal,  careful,  chary,  sparing. 

Choke,  V.  a.  I.  Suffocate,  stifle,  smother,  stran- 
gle, throttle. 

2.  Suppress,     overpower,     overcome,    stifle, 
smother,  keep  down. 

3.  Obstruct,  close,  block,  stop,  bar. 

Choke,  V.  n.     Be  choked,  strangle,  suffocate. 

Choke-damp,  «.  Foul  air,  carbonic  acid,  car- 
bonic-acid gas  (accumulated  in  wells  and 
pits). 

Chokeful,  a.  Brimful,  quite  full,  chock-full, 
chuck-full,  full  to   overflowing. 

Choler, «.    i.  Bile. 

2.   Anger,  wrath,  ire,  fury,  rage,  spleen,  ex- 
asperation.    See  Anger. 

Cholera  asphyxia.  Asiatic  cholera,  spasmodic^ 
cholera,  malignant  cholera. 

Choleric,  a.  Irascible,  irritable,  hasty,  testy, 
touchy,  petulant,  waspish,  hot,  fiery,  passion- 
ate. 

Choose,  z'.  a.  Select,  elect,  prefer,  cull,  pick,  pick 
out,  single  out,  fix  upon,  pitch  upon,  make  choice 
of. 

Chop,  V.  a.     I.    Cut  (^with  a  quick  blow). 
2.   Mince,  cut  into  small  pieces. 

Chop,  V.  n.     Shift,  veer,  change  suddenly. 

Chop,  «.     I.   Slice,  piece  cut  off. 

2.  Brand,  quality. 

3.  Crop  (^o/  tea). 


4.   Jaw,  chap. 

)pfalle 


Chopfallen,  a.  [Preferably  spelled  Chap/alien.'] 
Disheartened,  depressed,  dejected,  dispirited. 

Chop-house,  «.  Restaurant  {of  a  low  class), 
eating-house. 

Choral,  n.     Psalm-tune,  hymn-tune. 

Chord,  n.     I.    String  (of  a  musical  instrument). 

2.  Harmonious  tones. 

3.  Harmony. 

4.  (Geom.)    Right  line  uniting  the  extremities 
of  an  arc. 

Chore,  n.     Small  job,  light  task. 


CHOUSE 


75 


CIRCUITOUS 


Chouse,  V.  a.  Deceive,  cheat,  trick,  delude,  de- 
fraud, swindle,  dupe,  gull,  bamboozle,  cozen, 
overreach,  circumvent,  beguile,  hoodwink,  vic- 
timize, take  in,  impose  upon,  put  upon,  practise 
upon,  play  upon. 

Cbouse  n.  I.  Dupe,  tool,  gull,  simpleton,  cully. 
2.  Trick,  cheat,  wile,  ruse,  imposture,  im- 
position, fraud,  deception,  circumvention,  de- 
ceit, double-dealing,  stratagem,  artifice,  delu- 
sion, crafty  device,  piece  of  knavery,  bit  of 
finesse. 

ChowchoW,  H.     [Chinese  ]     Mixed  pickles. 

Cbowchow,  a.    Mixed  of  several  sons. 

Ciirist,  n.  The  Anointed,  The  Messiah,  Jesus, 
Immanuel,  The  Saviour,  The  Redeemer,  The 
Mediator,  The  Intercessor,  The  Advocate,  The 

iudge.  The  Son  of  God,  The  Son  of  Man,  The 
,amb  of  God,  The  Word. 

CliriSteil,  v.  a.     I.    Baptize. 

2.   Denominate,  name,  term,  designate,  style, 
call,  dub,  entitle,  title. 

CliriStian,  «.     I.   Disciple  of  Christ. 

2.^  Inhabitant    of     Christendom,      native    of 
Christendom,  member  of  Christendom. 

Ciiristianity,  «.  I.  Religion  of  Christians, 
Christian  relisjion.  teachings  of  Christ,  the  Gos- 
pel, divine  revelation. 

2.   Christian   disposition,   Christ-like    temper. 
Christian  spirit,  Christian  character. 

Christian  name.  Baptis:nal  name  (as  distin- 
guished from  the  family  name  or  surname), 
given  name,  prasnomen. 

Cluistmas  rose.  Black  hellebore  {Helleboru. 
niger). 

Chrome-yellow,  n.    Chromate  of  lead. 

Chronic,  a.  Inveterate,  deep-seated,  of  long 
duration. 

Chronicle,  «.  I.  Register  {of  events  in  the  order 
of  time),  diary,  journal. 

^  2.   Record,  history,  annals,  narration,  narra- 
tive, recital,  account. 

Chronicle,  v.  a.     Record,  register,  narrate. 

Chronicler,  «.     Historian. 

Chronometer,  «.     Time-keeper,  time-piece. 

Chrysalis,  n.     Pupa,  aurelia,  nympha. 

Chubbed 


Chubby, 


a.     Plump,  buxom,  short  and  thick. 


Chuck,  V.  a.     I.   Tap  or  pat  {under  the  chin). 
2.  Throw,  pitch,  hurl,  toss,  thrust,  push. 

Chuck,  n.     I.   Tap  or  pat  {under  the  chin). 
2.   Throw,  toss,  thrust,  push. 

Chuckle,   V.  n.     I.   Giggle,  titter,  laugh  {convul- 
sively, in  triumph  or  in  derision). 
2.    Exult,  triumph,  crow. 

Chuckle,   n.     Giggle,  titter,  laughter  {half  sup- 
pressed^, chuckling. 

Chuckle-head,  «.    {Low. )    Blockhead,  dunce. 

Chuckle-headed,   a.     Thick-headed,    dull.      See 
Stupid. 

Chucklinj,  «.   Giggle,  titter,  chuckle. 

Chum,  «.    Chamber-fellow  room-mate. 

Chump,  n.    Thick  piece  or  block. 

Church,  «.     I.   Temple,  house  of  worship,  house 
of  God,  meeling-house. 

2.  Body  of  Christians,  ecclesiastical  body, 

3.  Ecclesiastical    authority  (as  distinguished 
from  that  of  the  State). 

churchman,  n.     I.    Ecclesiastic,  clergyman,  min- 
ister, pastor,  divine,  priest. 
2.    Episcopalian,  Conformist. 

Churchyard,   «.     Eurying-ground,  burial-grour>d, 
graveyard,  cemetery,  necropolis.  God's  acre. 

Churl,  n.     I,    Rustic,  peasant,  countrj'man,  clod- 
hopper, bumpkin,  ploughman,  clown. 

2.  Ill-bred  man,  surly  fellow. 

3,  Niggard,  miser,  skinflint,  scrimp,  curmud- 
geon, hunks,  mean  fellow. 


Chtirllsh,  a.  I.  Rude,  harsh,  brusque,  uncivil, 
impolite,  rough,  brutish,  surly,  cynical,  snarling, 
snappish,  waspish. 

2.  Crabbed,  morose,  sullen,  ill-tempered. 

3.  Niggardly,  rniserly,  close,  close-fisted,  sor- 
did, penurious,  stingy,  mean,  illiberal. 

Churlishness,  «.  I.  Rudeness,  incivility,  rough- 
ness, briitishness. 

2.  Crabbedness,  moroseness,  sullenness,  tart- 
ness, acrimony,  acerbity,  asperity,  harshness, 
bitterness,   ill-temper. 

3.  Niggardliness,  stinginess,  penuriousness, 
closeness,  meanness,  miserliness,  sordidness, 
close-fistedness. 

Churn,  v.  a.     I.    Agitate,  jostle  violently,  cause 
to  foam. 
2.    Produce  by  churning. 

Chum-owl,  n.  Goat-sucker,  night-jar,  wheel- 
bird  [Caprimulgus  Eurofaus). 

Churr-worm,  «.  Mole-cricket,  fan-cricket,  fen- 
cricket  {Gryllotalpa   vulgaris). 

Cicada,  «.  Harvest-fly  {popularly  but  erroneously 
called  locust  in  the  U.  6.). 

gSSS'i"-    scar,-™. 

Cicatrize,  v.  a.  Heal,  cover  with  a  scar,  cause  to 
heal  up. 

Cicatrize,  v.  n.    Heal,  scar  over. 

CiciSbeo,  H-  tit.l  (3a.\\dLnx(qf  a  married  woman), 
beau,  suitor,  lover,  admirer,  dangler  about 
women. 

Ci-devant,  a.  [Fr,]  Former,  late,  quondam,  old- 
time. 

Cimeter.  «.     Falchion,  scimeter. 

Cimeter-Shaped,  «      Acinaciform. 

Cimmerian,  a.  Black,  very  dark,  intensely  dark, 
midnight. 

Cinchona,  n.  Quinquina,  Peruvian  bark,  Jesuit's 
bark,  Cinchona  bark. 

Cincture,  «.     Band,  belt,  girdle,  cestus. 

Cinctured,  a.    Girded,  belted,  girdled,  girt,  engirt. 

Cinders,  «.  pi.     Embers. 

Cinereous,  a.     Ashy,  ashen,  cineritious,  like  ashes. 

Cineritious,  a.     I.   Ashy.     See  CiNEKEOUS. 
2.   Ash-colored,  a.'^hen,  ash-gray. 

Cinnabar,  «.  I.  Red  sulphuret  of  mercury  {na- 
tive), bi-sulphuret  of  mercury. 

2.  Vermilion,  red  sulphuret  of  mercury  {arti- 
ficiaf). 

3.  Dragon's  blood  {juice  of  the  Calamus 
draco). 

Cipher,  «.    I.   Zero,  naught  or  nought,  nothing. 

2.  Character,  symbol,  device,  monogram. 

3.  Secret  character,  private  alphabet. 

4.  Person  of  no  account,  nobody,  person  with- 
out influence. 

Cipher,  v.  n.     Practise  arithmetic,  use  figures. 
Circean,  a.     Magical,   enchanting,   spell-binding, 

brutifying. 
Circle,  «.     I.   Round,  plane  figure. 

2.  Circumference,  periphery,  ring. 

3.  Orb,  sphere,  globe,  ball. 

4.  Returning  series. 

5.  Compass,  enclosure. 

6.  Company,  society,  class,  fraternity,  coterie, 
clique,  set. 

7.  Range,  sphere,  province,  field,  compass, 
bounds,  circuit,  region. 

Circlet,  «.     Little  circle. 

Circuit,  n,     I.   Revolution,  circular  course. 

2.  Space,  region,  .  tract,  district,  province, 
range,  sphere,  field,  compass,  bounds. 

3.  Boundary,  compass,  boundary  line,  dis- 
tance round. 

4.  Course,  tour,  round,  perambulation,  journey. 
CirCtdtoUS,  a.     Tortuous,  devious,  turning,  wind- 
ing, indirect,  roundabout. 


CIRCULAR 


76 


CLASH 


Circtllar,  a.     Round,  annular,  ring-shaped. 
Circulate,   v.  n.    I.   Move    round,    move    in   a 

circle. 
2.   Spread,  be  diffused,  have  currency. 
Circulate,  v.   a.      Spread,    diiTuse,    disseminate, 

promulgate,  propagate,  give  currency  to,  spread 

abroad. 
Circulation,  n.     I.   Motion  in  a  circle. 

2.  Diffusion,  dissemination,  promulgation, 
propagation,  spread,  spreading. 

3.  Currency,  money,  circulating  medium. 

4.  Extent  of  subscription,  number  of  copies 
distributed,  number  of  takers,  number  of  copies 
disposed  of. 

CircumamWent,  a.  Surrounding,  encompassing, 
encircling,  circling,  circumjacent,  ambient. 

Circumference, «.    Periphery 

Circumjacent,  a.  Surrounding,  encompassing, 
encircling,  ambient,  circumambient,  environing, 
enfolding,  enclosing,  lying  around. 

Circumlocution,  «.  Periphrasis,  periphrase,  cir- 
cuit or  compass  of  words,  indirect  expression, 
roundabout  mode  of  speech,  involved  expres- 
sion. 

Circumlocutory,  a.  Periphrastical,  periphrastic, 
roundabout,  indirect,  involved,  diffuse. 

Circumnavigate,  v.  a.    Sail  round 

Circumscribe,  v,  a.      I.     Bound,   encircle,  sur- 
round, enclose. 
2.   Confine,  restrict,  limit,  keep  within  bounds. 

Circumspect,  (Z.  Cautious,  wary,  careful,  watch- 
ful, heedful,  considerate,  judicious,  vigilant,  at- 
tentive, discreet,  prudent,  observant. 

Circumspection,  «.  Caution,  wariness,  watchful- 
ness, thoughtfulness,  care,  vigilance,  attention, 
prudence,  discretion,  forecast. 

Circumstance,  «.  I.  Incidental,  accidental,  or 
subsidiary  fact. 

2.   Event,  fact,  incident,  occurrence. 

Circumstances,  n.  //._  I.  Situation,  condition, 
position,  state  of  affairs. 

2.  Surroundings,  environment,  attendant  con- 
ditions. 

3.  Pecuniary  standing,  moneyed  condition. 
Circumstantial »  a.     I.     Particular,   minute,    de- 
tailed. 

2.  Indirect,  inferential,  presumptive,  founded 
on  circumstances. 

Circumvent,  v.  a.  I.  Thwart,  check,  check- 
mate, outgeneral. 

2.  Deceive,  cheat,  defraud,  trick,  cozen,  over- 
reach, delude,  hoodwink,  dupe,  gull,  bamboozle, 
chouse,  outwit,  beguile,  mislead,  inveigle,  im- 
pose upon. 

Circumvention,  «.  Fraud,  deception,  imposition, 
imposture,  deceit,  cheat,  cheating,  trick,  trickery, 
indirection,  crooked  ways,  chicanery,  wiles. 

Cirrus,  «.  [//.  OVr/.]  I.  (Bot.)  Tendril,  fila- 
ment. 

2.  (Zool.)    Filamentary  appendage. 

3.  {Meteor.)  Curl-cloud,  cat's-tail,  mare's- 
tail. 

Cistern,  «.     Reservoir,  tank. 

Citadel,  «.    Castle,  stronghold.     See  Fortress. 

Citation,  ».     I.     Summons,  official  call  <?r  notice. 

2.  Quotation,  extract,  excerpt,  quoted  pas- 
sage. 

3.  Enumeration,  mention,  quoting,  quotation, 
bringing  forward. 

Cite,  V.  a.     I.    Summon,  send  for. 

2.  Quote,  adduce,  extract. 

3.  Enumerate,  mention,  bring  forward. 
Citizen,  «.     Inhabitant,  resident,  dweller,  burgess, 

burgher,  townsman. 
City,  n.     Incorporated  town. 
Ci'Ndc,  a.     C\v'i\  {as  distinguished /rom  military), 

municipal,  political. 


Civil,  a.     I.   Civilized. 

2.  Municipal,  political,  civic. 

3.  Intestine,  domestic. 

4.  Courteous,  polite,  refined,  complaisant,  ur- 
bane, suave,  obliging,  affable,  debonair,  easy, 
gracious,  well-bred. 

Civilities,  «.//.     Acts  of  courtesy. 

Civility,  «.  Courtesy,  courteousness,  urbanity, 
politeness,  affability,  complaisance,  amiability, 
suavity,  good-breeding,  elegance  of  manners. 

Civilization,  «.     Culture,  cultivation,  refinement. 

Civilize,  v.  a.  Refine,  cultivate,  educate,  polish, 
enlighten,  improve,  humanize,  reclaim  from  bar- 
barism. 

Clack,  «.     I.   Click,  clink,  tick,  beat. 

2.  Prate,  prattle,  babble,  babbling,  gossip, 
palaver,  cackle,  gabble,  gab,  idle  talk,  small 
talk.     See  Prate. 

Clack,  V.  n.     I.    Click,  clink. 

2.  Prate,  prattle,  babble,  gabble,  chatter,  jab- 
ber, clatter,  gossip,  talk  idly. 

Claim,  V.  a.  Require,  ask,  demand,  challenge, 
call  for,  lay  claim  to,  assert  as  one's  right 

Claim,  V.  n.     I.    Derive  a  right,  obtain  a  title. 
2.   Assert  a  claim,  put  forward  the  claim. 

Claim,  n.     I.   Demand,  call,  requisition. 
2.    Right,  pretension,  title,  privilege. 

Clairvoyance,  «.  Seeing  without  eyes,  seeing  in 
a  mesmeric  state,  trance-vision. 

Clairvoyant,  a.  Able  to  see  without  eyes,  seeing 
by  mesmeric  influence,  seeing  in  trance. 

Clam,  V.  a.     Clog  {with  ghttinous  matter). 

Clamber,  v.  n.    Climb  [with  diffiadty),  scramble. 

Clammy,  a.  Viscous,  glutinous,  ^ummy,  vis- 
cid, sticky,  slimy,  ropy,  adhesive,  dauby, 
smeary. 

Clamor,  n.  Outcry,  vociferation,  exclamation, 
noise,  hullabaloo,  hubbub,  uproar,  blare. 

Clamor,    v.  n.      I.     Vociferate,   cry    out,    shout, 
make  uproar,  make  outcries. 
2.    Cry  importunately,  demand  importunately- 

Clamorous,  a.     I.   Vociferous,  noisy,  boisterous, 
obstreperous,  uproarious,  blatant. 
2.   Importunate. 

Clan,  «.     I.     Race,  tribe,  family. 

2.  Clique,  coterie,  set,  gang,  brotherhood, 
fraternity,  sodality. 

Clandestine,  a.  Concealed  {,for  a  had  purpose), 
secret,  hidden,  private,  underhand,  underhanded, 
sly. 

Clangf,  «.     Clangor,  clank,  clash,  clashing. 

Clang,  V.  n.     Clank,  clash. 

Clangor,  «.     Clang,  clank. 

Clank,  V.  n.    Clang,  clash. 

Clap,  V.  a.     I.    Pat,  strike  gently,  slap. 

2.  Thrust,  force,  slam. 

3.  Put  hastily,  put  hurriedly,  slap. 

4.  Applaud  {by  striking  the  hands  together), 
cheer. 

Clap,  «.     I.    Blow,  knock,  slap. 

2.  Explosion,  liurst,  peal,  slam,  bang. 

3.  Gonorrhoea,  venereal  disease. 

Clap- trap,  «.  Trick  {/or  the  sake  of  effect^  at 
on  the  stage),  stage-effect,  stage-trick,  coup  de 
thSAtre,  tour  de  force. 

Clap-trap,  a.  Stage-trickj',  ad  captandtim,  spec- 
tacular, theatrical,  histrionic. 

Clarification,  «.     Purification,  clearing. 

Clarify,  v.  a.     Purify,  clear,  make  clear,  strain. 

Clash,  z'  «.  I.  Collide,  crash  together,  come  into 
collision,  strike  against  each  other. 

2.  Clank,  clang,  crash,  clatter,  rattle. 

3.  Disagree,  contend,  interfere,  be  mutually 
opposed,  act  in  a  contrary  direction. 

Clash,  n.     I.    Collision. 

2.  Clang,  clank,  clangor,  clashing,  crash, 
clatter,  rattle. 


CLASHING 


77 


CLEAR  OF 


3.  Opposition,     contradiction,      interference, 
clashing,  jar,  jarring,  disagreement. 
Clashing^    n.     I.     Clang,    clank,   clangor,   clash, 
crash 

2.   Opposition,  interference,  clash,  jar,  jarring, 
disagreement,  contradiction,  hostility,  enmity. 
Clasp,  V.  a.     I.    Fasten  with  a  clasp. 

2.  Grasp,  grip,  clutch,  grapple,  put  the  fingers 
around,  lay  hold  of,  fasten  upon. 

3.  Embrace,  hug,  fold. 

Clasp,  n.    I.   Hook,  catch.     See  Hasp. 

2.    Embrace,  hug. 
Class,  «.    I.    Rank  or  order  (of  persons). 

2.  Set  {as  of  pupils  pursuing  the  same  stud- 
ies). 

3.  Scientific  division  {of  animate  or  inani- 
mate objects,  including  orders,  genera,  and 
species),  kind.  sort. 

4.  Category,  division,  head,  group,  collection. 
Class,  V.  a.     Arrange,   rank,  range,  classify,  dis- 
pose, distribute,  form  into  classes. 

Class-fellow,  «•     Classmate. 

Classic,  «.  First-rate  work  {.of  literature)^  work 
of  the  first  class,  standard  work,  model  produc- 
tion, master-piece,  chef  d'aeuz're. 

Classic,      I  a.     I.    First-rate,  of  the  first  class  {in 

Classical,  S  literature),  standard,  model,  master, 
masterly. 

2.  Greek  or  Latin,  Greek  and  Latin,  Grecian 
and  Roman. 

3.  Elegant,  polished,  refined,  chaste,  pure, 
Attic. 

Classicallsm»  n.  Classicism,  classical  taste, 
idiom,  style,  or  expression. 

Classicism,  ».    See  Classicalism. 

Classification,  ».  Arrangement,  disposition,  dis- 
tribution, grouping,  reducing  to  order. 

Classify,  v.  a.  Arrange,  class,  distribute,  dis- 
pose, group,  form  into  classes,  reduce  to  order. 

Classmate*  n.    Class-fellow- 
Clatter,  v.n.     I.   Rattle,  clash. 

2.  Prate,  prattle,  babble,  clack,  gabble,  clatter, 
Jabber,  talk  loudly. 

Clatter*  «•  Rattling,  clattering,  clutter,  confused 
noise. 

Clattering,  «.    See  Clatter. 

Clause,  «.  I.  Subordinate  sentence,  sentential 
term. 

2.  Article,  provision,  proviso,  condition,  stipu- 
lation. 

Clavate,    \a.    (Bot.  znd  Zodl.)    Claviform,  club- 

Clavated,  S     shaped. 

Clavicle,  «.     Collar-bone. 

Claviform,  d.  (Bot.)  Clavate,  clavated,  club- 
shaped. 

Clavis.  n.  [L.  pi.  Claves  ;  Eng.  //.  Clavises.'\ 
Key,  explanation,  clew,  guide. 

Claw,  n.     Talon. 

Claw,  V.  a.  Tear  {with  the  claws),  scratch,  lacer- 
ate, lanlate. 

Clay,  n.  I.  Argillaceous  earth  {consisting princi- 
pally of  alumina  and  silica) 

2  [Scriptural  or  poetic.']  Flesh  {of  man,  as 
perishable),  mortal  part,  earthly  part,  earthly 
substance,  perishable  substance. 

Clean,  a.  I.  Unstained,  unspotted,  spotless,  un- 
soiled,  unsullied,  immaculate,  cleanly,  neat. 

2.  Unadulterated,  unmixed,  pure,  purified, 
clarified. 

3.  Neat,  delicate,  shapely,  graceful,  light, 
dexterous,  adroit,  free  from  bungling. 

4.  Entire,  complete,  perfect,  whole,  free  from 
defect,  faultless,  unblemished,  unimpaired,  with- 
out abatement,  unabated. 

5.  Pure,  innocent,  free  from  moral  impurity, 
undefiled  in  heart. 

6.  Pure,  chaste,  clean-minded,  free  from  lust. 


7.  Ceremonially  pure,  ritually  just,  according 
with  ceremonial. 

Clean,  ad.  Entirely,  completely,  perfectly,  al- 
together, wholly,  thoroughly,  fully,  in  all  respects, 
in  every  respect,  out  and  out. 

Clean,  v.  a.  Cleanse,  purify,  make  clean,  free 
from  dirt. 

Cleanly,  a.     Neat,  tidy.     See  Clean,  a. 

Cleanly,  ad.     Neatly,  in  a  clean  or  neat  manner. 

Cleanse,  v.  a.  I.  Purify,  clean,  make  clean,  free 
from  dirt. 

2.  Purify,  free  from  sin,  make  righteous. 

3.  Remove,  purge  away. 
Cleansing,  n.     Purification,  purifying. 
Qeansing,  a.  ^  I.    Purifying,    purgative,    abster- 
gent, cathartic. 

2.   Purifying,    regenerating,  regenerative,   re- 
demptive. 
Clear,  a.    I.   Transparent,  bright,  light,  luminous, 
pellucid,  limpid. 

2.  Unmixed,  pure,  unadulterated. 

3.  Unobstructed,  unencumbered,  free,  open. 

4.  Serene,  fair,  cloudless,  unclouded, -sunny, 
unobscured,  undimmed. 

5.  Net,  without  deductions. 

6.  Perspicuous,  lucid,  luminous,  distinct* 
plain,  intelligible. 

7.  Apparent,  visible,  palpable,  evident,  obvi- 
ous, manifest,  distinct,  conspicuous,  patent,  un- 
equivocal, unmistakable,  indisputable,  unde- 
niable, unambiguous,  unquestionable,  not  to  be 
mistaken. 

8.  Perspicacious,  sharp,  acute,  discerning, 
prompt,  quick. 

9.  Innocent,  unspotted,  spotless,  guiltless, 
sinless,  irreproachable,  unblemished,  unsullied, 
undefiled,  immaculate,  clean. 

10.  Unobstructed,  unimpeded,  unhampered, 
free  from  hindrance  or  obstruction  or  impedi- 
ment. 

11.  Musical,  silvery,  sonorous,  mellifluous, 
euphonious. 

Clear,  v.  a.  I.  Clarify,  refine,  purify,  cleanse, 
make  clear. 

2-  Free,  loose,  liberate,  emancipate,  disin- 
ihrall,  set  free. 

3.  Acquit,  absolve,  exonerate,  discharge,  jus- 
tify, vindicate,  set  right. 

4.  Extricate,  disengage,  loosen,  disentangle, 
disembarrass. 

5.  Free  from  encumbrances  or  obstructions, 
remove  timber  and  underbrush  from,  clean 
up 

6.  Net,  get  or  gain  over  and  above  expenses. 

7.  Pass  by  or  over  without  touchinsr. 
Clear,  v.  «.      I.  Clear  away,  up,  or  off,  become 

free  from  clouds,  fog,  or  mist,  break,  break  away, 
become  fair. 

2.  Balance  accounts,  settle  balances,  settle  at 
the  clearing-house. 

Clearance,  «.  I.  Discharge,  release,  exonera- 
tion, acquittal. 

2.  {Com.)  Permission  to  leave  port,  permis- 
sion to  sail. 

Clear  away.  Become  fair,  clear  off,  clear  up, 
break,  break  away. 

Qear-Cnt, «.  Sharply  outlined,  sharp-cut,  deli- 
cately and  cleanly  outlined,  well-defined,  exact, 
definite,  precise. 

Clear-headed,  a.  I.  Free  from  confusion  or  con- 
fused thought,  lucid,  luminous,  clear-thoughted, 
clear-thinking. 

2.  Discerning,  clear-sighted,  clear-seeing, 
keen-sighted,  shrewd,  sagacious,  perspicacious, 
penetrating,  acute,  long-headed.     See  Intelu- 

GENT. 

Clear  of.     Rid  of,  free  from. 


CLEAR  OF^ 


78 


CLOG 


Clear  off.  I.  Become  fair,  clear  away,  clear  up, 
break,  break  away. 

2,  Remove,  clear  away  or  off,  cancel,  pay, 
pay  off  or  up,  liquidate. 

aear-sighted,  a.  Discerning.  See  Clear- 
headed, 2. 

Clear  up.  (Neuter.)  Become  fair,  clear  off,  clear 
away,  break,  break  up,  break  away 

Clear  up.  ^A  ctive. )  Explain,  expound,  make  out, 
make  plain,  satisfactorily  account  for,  relieve 
from  suspicion,  explain  away,  relieve  from  doubt. 

Cleave,  v.  n.  I.  Adhere,  cohere,  stick,  hold, 
clmg,  be  attached,  united,  or  joined. 

2.  Attach  one's  self,  unite  one's  self,  take  the 
side  (oO,  take  sides  (with),  take  part  (with). 

3.  Remain  devoted  to,  be  devoted  to,  be  true 
to,  cling. 

4.  Separate,  divide,  part,  open,  split,  crack, 
be  divided,  sunder,  be  sundered,  sever,  be  sev- 
ered. 

Cleave,  v.  a.    Split,  rive,  rend,  sever,  sunder,  cut 

or  hew  asunder,  tear  asunder. 
Cleavers,    «.      [Written    also   Clivers:]      Hariff, 

goose-grass,   catch-weed,  scratch -weed  {.Galium 

aparine). 
Cleft,   «.      Crevice,    chink,    fissure,    rift,    break, 

breach,   gap,  cranny,  crack,  interstice,  opening, 

fracture,  chasm. 
Clemency,    «.       I.     Lenity,    lenience,    leniency, 

mildness,    mercifulness,   mercy,   gentleness,   for- 

givingness,    compassion,    tenderness,    kindness, 

fellow-feeling,  long-suffering,  freedom  from  vin- 

dictiveness,  disposition  to  mercy. 
2,    Softness,  mildness.     (Said  of  weather,  etc.). 
Clement,   a.     Lenient,   merciful,   mild,   forgiving, 

compassionate,   kind,  indulgent,  tender,  gentle, 

humane,  kind-hearted,  tender-hearted. 
Clencll,  V.  a,    I.   [Written  also  Clinch:]    Secure, 

fasten,  rivet,   and  fig.,  confirm,  establish,  fix, 

secure. 

2.  Set,  set  firmly,  clasp  firmly,  double,  double 
up  tightly. 

3.  Grasp  firmly,  clutch,  seize  and  hold. 
Clench,  «.    Clinging  grasp,  clutch,  persistent  hold. 
Clepsydra,  «.     Water-clock. 

Clergy,  «.  Ministers,  clergymen,  the  cloth,  body 
of  ecclesiastics  {in  distinction  from  the  laity). 

Clergyman,  «.  Minister,  divine,  priest,  pastor, 
parson,  ecclesiastic,  churchman. 

Clerk,  n.  I.    Recorder,  registrar,  scribe,  secretary. 

2.  Leader  of  responses  (z«  the  Episcopal 
service). 

3.  \U,  S.]  Assistant  (/«  a  place  of  business), 
accountant,  salesman,  saleswoman. 

4.  \.A  rchaic.]  Scholar,  man  of  letters,  lettered 
man. 

Clever,  a.     I.  Dexterous,  skilful,  apt,  ingenious, 
handy,  ready,  quick,  smart,  expert,  adroit,  capa- 
ble. 
2.  Able,  gifled,  talented,  apt. 
Cleverness,   n.     Dexterity,  adroitness,  ingenuity, 
skill,    aptness,    aptitude,    readiness,    quickness, 
smartness,  expertness,  ability. 
Clew,  n.     Guide,  guidance,  direction,  key,  clavis. 

See  Clue. 
CUck,  V.  n.    Tick,  clack,  clink,  beat,  vibrate  with 

a  click. 
Click,  V.  a.     I.   Move  with  a  click,  make  click. 

2.   Sound  with  a  click,  utter  with  a  click. 
Click,  «.     I.   Tick,  clack,  clink,  beat. 

2.   Pawl,  detent,  catch,  ratchet. 
Client,  «.     I.   Dependant,  henchman,  retainer. 
2.   (Latv.)    Retainer  ((?/■  c<7««j^/),  person  rep- 
resented {by  counsel). 

Clientage,  «.    i.  CHentship. 

2.  Clientelage,  clientele,  body  of  clients,  all 
one's  clients. 


Cli^,  n.  Precipice,  crag,  precipitous  rock,  rocky 
headland,  overhanging  rock,  clift. 

Climacteric,  n.  Crisis,  critical  point,  critical 
period. 

Climate,  «.  Meteorological  character  or  habit, 
usual  weather. 

Climax,  n.     I.    Gradual  culmination,   successive 
increase  of  effect.^ 
2.   Acme,  culmination,  top,  summit. 

Climb,  V.  a.  Struggle  up,  go  up,  mount,  sur- 
mount, ascend. 

Climt),  V.  n.    I.  Clamber,  scramble,  ascend  gradu- 
ally, come  slowly  up. 
2.    Creep,  twine,  clamber.    (Said  of  plants  ) 

Clime,  «.     Region,  place,  country,  climate. 

Clinch,  V.  a.  I.  Grasp,  grip,  clasp,  clutch,  grap- 
ple, lay  hold  of. 

2.  Fasten,  secure. 

3.  Confirm,  fix,  establish. 

Clinch,  n.     I.   Catch,  grip,  clutch,  grasp. 
2.   Clincher,  cramp,  holdfast,  clamp. 
Clincher,  «.     I.    Cramp,  clinch,  holdfast,  clamp. 
2.   Conclusive  argument,  unanswerable   argu- 
ment, poser,  seXt\&x\colloq.),  closer  {collog). 
Cling,   V.  n.      I.   Adhere,  stick,  cleave,  be    at- 
tached, hold,  hold  fast.     Aiso fig. 

2.  Twine  round,  throw  tendrils  about. 

3.  Embrace,  clasp. 

Clink,  V.  n.     I.   Ring,  jingle,  tinkle,  chink. 

2.   Rhyme,  jingle,  chime. 
Clink,  V.  a.     Rmg,  jingle,  chink. 
Clink,  «.     Ring,  jingle,  chink,  tinkle. 
Clinker,  «.    I.   Hard-burnt  brick,  Dutch  brick, 
Flemish  brick. 

2.   Scoria,  slag,  incombustible  refuse  {of/ur- 
tiaces). 
Clip,  v.a.     I.     Cut. 

2.   Prune,  trim,  pare,  curtail,  cut  short. 
Clip,  ft.     I.    Shearing,  cutting. 

2.  Quantity  sheared  {as  of  wool),  season's 
shearing. 

3.  {Colloq.)  Blow  {with  the  hand),  rap, 
knock,  lick,  whack,  thwack,  thump. 

4.  Spring-clasp,  spring-holder,  letter-clip. 
CliQUe,  «.    [Fr.]    [Generally  used  in  a  bad  sense] 

Coterie,  club,  brotherhood,  sodality,  clan,  junto, 
cabal,  camarilla,  party,  gang,  set,  ring,  private 
or  exclusive  association. 

Cloak,  n.     I.    Mantle. 

2.    Mask,  veil,  cover,  blind,  pretext. 

Cloak,  V.  a.     Mask,  hide,  veil,  cover. 

Clock,  n.     I.   Timekeeper,  timepiece,  horologe. 

2,  Beetle,  scarab,  scarabee,  scarabaeus,  cole- 
opter. 

3.  Embroidery  {on  stockings),  broidery,  em- 
broidered figure. 

Clod,  n.     I.    Lump  (of  earth). 

2.  Ground,  earth,  turf,  sod. 

3.  Clodpoll,  clown,  dolt.     See  DimcE. 
Clod-hreaker,  «.    Bumpkin,  boor.      See  Clod- 
hopper. 

Clodhopper,  n.  Rustic,  peasant,  countryman, 
boor,  swain,  hind,  bumpkin,  ploughman,  clown, 
churl,  clod-breaker. 

Clodpate, «.    See  Clodpoll. 

ClodpoU,  «.    Simpleton,  fool.    See  Dunce. 

Clog.  V.  a.  I.  Trammel,  shackle,  hamper,  fetter, 
put  a  clog  on. 

2.  Obstruct,  choke,  choke  up,  stop  up. 

3.  Encumber,  hinder,  impede,  hamper,  em- 
barrass, cumber,  restrain,  trammel,  burden, 
load. 

Clog,  ».  I.  Trammel.fetter,  shackle,  drag-weight, 
dead-weight. 

2.  Impediment,  encumbrance,  hindrance,  ob- 
stacle, obstruction,  check,  drawback. 

3,  Sabot,  wooden  shoe. 


CLOISTER 


79 


CLUTCH 


Ooistei** «.    I.  Convent-walk,  abbey-walk,  arched 
ambulatory. 
2.   Convent,     monastery,     abbey,     nunnery, 


priory. 
3.  Arcade,     colonnade, 


colonnaded     court. 


piazza. 

Cloisteral,  a.  Recluse,  solitary,  secluded,  seques- 
tered, monastic. 

Close,  V.  a.     I.    Shut,  shut  up. 

2.  Stop,  obstruct,  choke,  stop  up,  clog. 

3.  Conclude,  finish,  terminate,  end,  cease, 
complete,  bring  to  a  period. 

Close,  V.  n.  I.  Unite,  coalesce,  come  together, 
be  brought  together. 

2.  Terminate,  end,  be  concluded,  cease. 

3.  Grapple,  come  to  close  quarters,  clinch. 

4.  Agree,  come  to  terms,  accept  the  offer. 
Close,  «.     I.   [Pron.  cloze.\    End,  conclusion,  ter- 
mination, cessation. 

2.  [Pron.  close. '\  Cathedral  or  abbey  pre- 
cinct. 

3.  Enclosure,  inclosure,  inclosed  place,  yard, 
grounds. 

Close,  a.    I.   Tight,  closed,  shut  fast,  confined. 

2.  Hidden,  secret,  private. 

3.  Reserved,  taciturn,  reticent,  secretive,  in- 
communicative. 

4.  Retired,  withdrawn,  concealed,  secluded, 
pent  up. 

5.  Confined,  stagnant,  motionless. 

6.  Oppressive,  uncomfortable. 

7.  Dense,  compact,  solid,  compressed,  firm, 
thick. 

8.  Near,  approaching  nearly,  adjoining,  adja- 
cent, immediately,  neighboring. 

9.  Intimate,  confidential,  devoted,  strongly 
attached,  dear. 

10.  Nearly  balanced,  hard-fought,  sharply  con- 
tested, almost  lost. 

11.  Intense,  intent,  unremitting,  earnest,  fixed, 
assiduous. 

12.  Faithful,  accurate,  precise,  exact,  strict, 
nice. 

13.  Parsimonious,  stingy,  penurious,  miserly, 
niggardly,  close-fisted,  close-handed,  mean,  illib- 
eral, ungenerous,  churlish,  curmudgeonly. 

Qose  by.  Very  near,  within  a  snort  distance, 
hard  by. 

Close-fisted,  a.  Penurious,  parsimonious,  stingy, 
miserly,  niggardly,  mean,  close,  close-handed, 
curmudgeonly,  churlish,  illiberal,  ungenerous. 

Close-handed,  a.     See  Close-fisted. 

Closet,  n.      I.    Cabinet,  private  room,  retiring- 
room. 
2.   Store-room,  clothes-room. 

Closet,  V.  a.  Admit  to  intimate  interview,  put 
into  concealment,  admit  to  secret  conference. 

Closeting,  «.  Clandestine  conference,  secret  con- 
ference. 

Close  up.    Unite,  join,  consolidate,  bring  together 

Close  with.     I.   Accede  to,  consent  to,  agree  to 

2.  Agree  with,  make  an  agreement  with. 

3.  Grapple  with. 

Clot,  n.  Concretion,  coagulation,  crassament, 
crassamentum. 

Clot,  V.  n.    Concrete,  coagulate. 

Cloth,  n.     I.    Woven  fabric. 

2.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Clergy,  clerical  pro- 
fession, clergymen,  ecclesiastics. 

Clothe,  V.  a.  I.  Dress,  attire,  apparel,  array, 
robe,  put  garments  upon. 

2.  Provide  garments  for,  provide  with  clothes, 
furnish  with  raiment. 

3.  Invest  (a//VA),  cover,  endue,  endow,  en- 
wrap, envelop,  swathe. 

Qothes,  n.  pi.  Garments,  raiment,  apparel,  attire, 
vesture,  vestments,  dress,   clothing,  garb,  cos- 


tume,   habiliments,    habits,    wearing    apparel, 

things  (colloq.). 
Clothing, «.     Garments.    See  Clothes. 
Qoud,  n.    1.   Nebulosity,  haze,  mist,  fog,  vapor, 

collection  of  vapor. 

2.  Dense  mass  (as  of  smoke  or  dust). 

3.  Throng,  multitude,  dense  mass,  vast  num- 
ber,  host,  army,  horde,  vast  assemblage. 

4.  Blur,  blurred  spot,  dark  spot  or  blotch. 

5.  Darkness,  obscurity,  gloom,  obscuration, 
eclipse. 

Cloud,  V.  a     I.   Overspread,  overcast,  cover  with 
clouds,  becloud 

2.  Darken,  obscure,  dim,  begloom,  shade, 
shadow. 

3.  Variegate  (^iih  dark  veins  or  spots). 
Cloudberry,    «.      Knotberry,    mountain-bramble 

(Rubus  chamtemorus). 

Cloud-bnilt,  a.      I.     Cloud-piled,  cloud-formed, 
made  of  clouds. 

2.  Illusive,  illusory,  unstable,  fanciful,  imag- 
inary, chimerical. 

Cloud-compeller,  «.     Jupiter,  Jove. 

Cloudy,  a.     I.   Clouded,   murky,  lowering,  lurid, 
overcast. 

2.  Obscure,  dark,  dim,  confused. 

3.  Gloomy,  dismal,  depressing,  sullen. 

4.  Varied  with  dark  spots,  mottled. 

5.  Blurred,  dimmed,  lustreless,  muddy. 
Clown,  «.      I.   Rustic,    peasant,   swain,   plough- 
man,    countryman,     clodhopper,    clod-breaker, 
husbandman,  hind,  churl. 

2.  Bumpkin,  lout,  boor,  churl,  fellow,  ill-bred 
and  uncouth  man. 

3.  Dolt,  blockhead,  clodpoll,  clodpate,  thick- 
head, dunderhead,  numskull.     See  Dunce. 

4.  Buffoon,  fool,  harlequin,  jester,  droll,  punch, 
zany,  scaramouch,  merry-andrew,  jack-pudding, 
pickle-herring,  mime,  pantaloon,  jack-a-dandy, 
wearer  of  the  motley,  farceur,  gritnacier. 

Clownish,  a.     I.   Rustic,  boorish,  loutish,  coarse, 
rough,  awkward,  clumsy,  ungainly. 

2.  Rude,  impolite,  uncivil,  ill-bred,    ill-man- 
nered, churlish. 
Cloy,  V.  a.     Satiate,  glut,  surfeit,  pall,  sate. 
Club,  n.     I.    Bludgeon,  cudgel. 

_2.  Association,   society,  company,  set,  frater- 
nity, sodality,  coterie. 
Club,  V.  n.     I.    Form  a  club,  unite  in  a  club. 

2.  Co-op»erate,  unite  together,  act  in  concert, 
club  together. 

3.  Contribute,  unite  to  share  expenses,  make 
a  common  purse. 

Club,  V.    a.      I.   Combine,  unite,  add  together, 
aggregate. 

2.  .Average,  defiay  by  shares,  lump. 

3.  Beat  (with  a  club),  cudgel. 
Club-house,  n.    Qiib. 

Clue,  n      I.   Ball  of  thread. 

2.  Thread,  string,  twine,  tie,  fastening. 

3,  Guiding-thread,  guide,  guidance,  direction, 
hint,  indication,  key,  clavis,  clew. 

Clump,  n.      Cluster,  bunch,  group,  assemblage, 

collection. 
Clum?y,_   a.  ^    I.   Unwieldy,    ponderous,    heavy, 

lumbering,  ill-shaped,  ill-made. 
2.   Awkward,  unhandy,  bungling,  blundering, 

maladroit,  inapt,  unskilful,  without  dexterity. 
Cluster,^  n.      Clump,  bunch,  group,  assemblage, 

collection. 
Cluster,  V.  n.     Grow  in  bunches,  prow  in  clusters, 

collect  together,  crowd  together,  throng. 
Cltltch,  V.  a.    Grasp,  gripe,  grip,  grapple,  clasp, 

clench,  seize,  catch,  snatch,  lay  hold  of,  fasten 

upon. 
Clutch,  «.     Grasp,   gripe,    grip,   clasp,   clench, 

seizure. 


CLUTCHES 


80 


CCELIAC  PASSION 


Clntclies,  n.  pi.    I.  Paws,  talons,  claws. 

2.   Hands    {implying    rapacity    or    cruelty), 
power,  cruel  power. 

Clutter,  n.  I.  Bustle,  clatter,  clattering,  racket, 
confused  noise. 

2.   Confused    mass,    disorder,    disarray,   con- 
fusion. 

Clutter,  V.  a.  Disarrange,  throw  into  disorder, 
lumber,  fill  full  of  confused  materials,  heap  into 
disorder. 

Clypeiform,  a.     Scutate,  shield-shaped. 

Clyster,  «.     Injection,  enema,  lavement. 

Coadjutor,  «.  Helper,  collaborator,  collaborateur, 
co-operator,  auxiliary,  colleague,  partner,  aider, 
ally,  abettor,  co-aid.  See  Assistant  and  Ac- 
cessary. 

Coagulate,  v.  a.  and  v.  n.  Curdle,  concrete, 
thicken,  clot. 

Coagulation,  «.     I.  Curdling,  concretion. 
2.    Clot,  coagulum. 

Coagulum,  «•     Clot,  coagulation. 

Co-aid,  n.    Assistant  coadjutor.     See  Accessary. 

Coalesce,  v.  «.     I.   Unite,  combine,  blend,  come 
together,  become  consolidated. 
2.    Concur,  fraternize,  come  to  an  agreement. 

Coal-fish,  n.     Cudden  (Gades  carbonarius). 

Coal-hod,  n.     [Americanism  for  Coal-scuttle  ] 

Coalition,  «.  Union,  alliance,  confederacy,  fed- 
eration, confederation,  league,  combination,  co- 
partnership, compact. 

Coal-measures,  n.  pi.  Bed  of  coal,  strata  of  coal, 
carboniferous  group. 

Coal-mine,  «.     Colliery,  coal-pit. 

Coal-pit,  n.     Colliery,  coal-mine. 

Coal-scuttle, «.     {U.S.\    Coal-hod. 

Coarse,  a.     I.  Of  large  size._ 
2.   Of  large  fibres  or  particles. 
3-   Crude,  rough,  impure,  unpurified. 

4.  Gross,  broad,  indelicate,  indecent,  vulgar. 

5.  Rude,  unpolished,  uncivil,  impolite,  gruff, 
bluff,  bearish,  brutish,  loutish,  clownish,  churlish. 

6.  Mean,  vile,  inelegant. 

Coast,  «.     I.  (Rare.)     Border,  frontier. 

2.   Shore,    beach,    strand,  seaboard,  seaside, 
sea-coast. 
Coast,  V.  n.    I.   Sail  along  the  coast. 

2.   Slide  down  hill  (on  a  sled). 
Coat,  n.     I.   Outer  garment  {of  men). 

2.  Cover,  covering,  coating. 

3.  Layer,  covering  layer. 

Coat,  V.  a.     Cover,  spread  a  covering  over,  spread. 

Coating,  n.  Covering,  coat,  covering  or  protecting 
layer. 

Coat  of  arms.  Escutcheon,  arms,  armorial  bear- 
ings, armorial  ensigns,  device,  crest,  coat-armor. 

Coat  of  mail.  Suit  of  armor,  suit  of  mail,  armor, 
mail,  hauberk,  cuirass,  habergeon ,  /^ttzVa,  thorax. 

Coax,  V.  a-  Wheedle,  cajole,  flatter,  cog,  per- 
suade by  fondling,  prevail  upon  by  flattery. 

Cob,  n.     I.    Sea-mew,  sea-cob,  gull,  mew. 

2.  Horse  {short-legged  and  stout),  cob-horse. 

3.  [f/.  .S".]     Spike  (^wzrt/zi?),  corn-cob. 
Cobble,  V.  a.     I.   Botch,  tinker,  patch  up,  mend 

clumsily. 
2.   Bungle,  botch,  do  clumsily,  make  clumsily. 
Cobble,  v.n.     I.   Do  cobbler's  work,  mend  shoes. 
2.   Be  a  bungler,  bungle,  botch,  do  bungling 
work. 
Cobble,    n.     I.    Cobble-stone,    cobstone,    small 
round  stone. 

2.   [Written  also  Coble.l    Fishing-boat. 
Cobbler,  «.     I.   Mender  of  shoes. 

2.  Clumsy  workman,  bungler,  botcher. 

3.  Iced-sangaree,  sherry-cobbler. 
Cobble-stone,  «,    Cobstone,  cobble,  copple-stone. 
Cobra,  «.     Hooded  snake,  spectacle-snake,  cobra- 

de-capello. 


Cobra-de-capellO,  «.  [Port  ]  Cobra,  hooded 
snake,  speciacle-snake  {Naja  tripudians). 

Cobweb,  «.     I.    Spider's  wtb. 

2._  Entanglement,  snare,  meshes,  toils,  insidi- 
ous intricacy. 

3.  Flimsy  or  frail  thing,  piece  of  flimsiness. 

4.  Musty  tradition,  hoary  and  useless  custom, 
worthless  time-worn  trappings. 

Cobweb,  a.  Flimsy,  slight,  gauzy,  worthless, 
thin. 

Cochleary,  a.  Cochleate,  cochleated,  cochlean, 
cochleariform,  cochleous,  spiral,  spiry,  screw- 
shaped. 

Selted,!''-    Spiral.    See  Cochleary. 
Cock,  n.     I.    Male  {of  birds). 

2.  Chanticleer,  rooster  [  6''.  5".]. 

3.  Cock-crowing,  cock-crow. 

4.  Faucet,  turn-valve,  stop-cock. 

5.  Hammer  (of  gunlock). 

6.  Turning-up,  turn,  toss,  perking. 

7.  Pile  {of  hay,  etc. ),  rick. 

8.  Yawl,  ship's  boat,  small  boat,  cock-boat. 

9.  Notch,  groove  (ojf  an  arrow). 

Cock,  V.  a.  I.  Set,  set  up,  set  the  cock  or  ham- 
mer of. 

2.   Perk,  perk  up,  toss. 
.    3.   Pile,  make  into  cocks  or  ricks. 

4.    Point,  sharpen,  calk  {said  of  a  horseshoe). 

Cock,  V.  n.  Bridle,  perk,  hold  the  head  high,  look 
big  or  pert  or  menacing. 

Cock-a-noop,  a.  Boasting,  boastful,  bragging, 
vaunting,  vaporing,  blustering,  exulting,  tri- 
umphant, vain-glorious. 

Cock-and-bull  story.  Absurd  story,  exagger- 
ated tale,  canard. 

Cockatrice,  «.     Basilisk. 

Cockchafer,  «.  May-bug,  dor,  dor-bug,  tree- 
beetle,  dor-beetle.  May-beetle,  dummador, 
{Melontha  vulgaris). 

Cock-crowing, «.  I.  Crowing  of  the  cock,  cock- 
crow, cock. 

2.  Dawn,  day -break,  peep  of  day,  first  flush 
of  the  morning. 

Cocker,  z'.  a.  {Rare.)  Indulge  (m«^«/j'),  fondle, 
pamper. 

Cockerel,  n.    Young  cock  or  \_U.  S."]  rooster. 

Cockering,  n.  Indulgence  {to  excess),  pampering, 
humoring. 

Cock-eyed,  a.    Squint-eyed. 

Cockle,  V.  a.  Wrinkle,  pucker,  corrugate,  gather 
into  folds. 

Cockling,  a.  Curling,  ruffled,  dashing,  whirling, 
foaming,  rushing. 

Cock-Ion,  n.     Garret,  loft,  attic,  upper  story. 

Cockney,  n.  [Term  of  slight  ridicule.^  Lon- 
doner, native  or  resident  of  London. 

Cockney,  a.    Of  Cockneys,  Cockney-like. 

Cocksure,  a.  {Collog.)  Very  sure,  quite  sure, 
quite  certain,  very  confident. 

Cod.  n.     Codfish  {Morrhua  vulgaris). 

Coddle,  V.  a.     I.   Parboil,  boil  slightly. 

2.  Humor,  nurse,  pamper,  cocker,  indulge, 
fondle,  caress,  pet,  treat  with  fondness,  make 
much  of. 

Code,  n-    Digest,  collection  of  laws. 

Codfish,  n.    Cod. 

Codger,  «.  I.  Miser,  niggard,  churl,  curmudgeon, 
lick-penny,  skinflint,  scrimp,  hunks,  screw, 
muckworm. 

2.  (Collog.)  Queer  old  fellow,  eccentric  chap, 
odd  stick. 

Codicil,  n.    Supplement  or  postscript  {to  a  ivill). 

Codify,  V.  a.  Digest,  systematize,  reduce  to  a 
code  or  digest. 

Cosliac,  a.    Of  the  belly. 

Ccsliac  passion.    Chronic  diarrhoea. 


COEQUAL 


81 


COLLAPSE 


CoeQnalr  «•  Co-ordinate,  of  like  rank,  of  the 
same  rank,  of  equal  dignity  or  power,  on  a  level, 
on  a  par. 

Coerce,  v.  a.    I.   Restrain,  curb,  check,  repress, 
put  under  restraint. 
2.   Compel,  force,  drive,  constrain. 

Coer(don,  «      I.   Restraint,  check,  curb,  repres- 
sion. ^  ^ 
2.   Compulsion,  constraint,  force. 

Coercive,  a.     I.   Coercing,  checking,  restraining, 
curbing,  repressing,  repressive. 
2.   Constraining,  compelling,  compulsory. 

Coetaneous,  a.     See  Coeval. 

Coeval,  a.     Coetaneous,  of  the  same  age. 

Coexist,  V.  n.  Exist  together,  exist  at  the  same 
time. 

Coexistent,  a.     Simultaneous,  synchronous. 

Coffer,  «.     I.     Chest,  box,  casket,  trunk. 

2.  Money-chest,  strong-box,  safe. 

3.  (Arch.^    Sunk  panel,  caisson,  lacunar. 
Coffin,  n.   Burial  chest,  burial  casket,  sarcophagus- 
Coffin,  V.  a.     I.   Put  or  enclose  in  a  coffin. 

2.   Confine,  shut  up,  imprison,  crib. 
Cog,  V.  a      I.   Wheedle.     See  Coax. 

2.  [With  in  or  upon  ]  Thrust  slyly,  intrude 
deceitfully,  push  craftily,  insert  by  wiles. 

3.  Furnish  or  fit  with  cogs. 
Cog,  V.  n.    Deceive.     See  Cheat. 
Cog,  «.    I.  Trick,  deceit,  fraud,  cheat. 

2.   Tooth  W  a  wheel). 

Cogency,  «.  force,  strength,  power,  conclusive- 
ness, convincingness,  convincing  power,  persua- 
siveness, potency. 

Cogent,  a.  Forcible,  effective,  powerful,  urgent, 
potent,  irresistible,  resistless,  persuasive,  con- 
vincing, conclusive. 

Cogitate,  v.  «.  Meditate,  think,  reflect,  consider, 
ponder,  ^eigh,  deliberate,  ruminate,  muse. 

Cogitation,  n.  Meditation,  contemplation,  thought, 
thinking,  reflection,  deliberation. 

Cognate,  a.  Allied,  akin,  kin,  related,  affiliated, 
affined,  connected,  kindred,  similar,  analogous, 
alike,  of  a  piece. 

Cognition,  «.     I.    Knowledge,  cognizance. 

2.  Knowing,  (the)  act  of  knowing,  cognitive 
process,  cognizing. 

3.  Cognitive  act,  (some  one)  act  of  knowing, 
piece  of  knowledge. 

Cognizance,  «.     Knowledge,  cognition,  knowing, 

observation,  notice. 
Cognizant  of.    Aware  of,  acquainted  with,  familiar 

with,  conversant  with,  having  knowledge  of,  pos- 
sessed of  knowledge  concernmg. 
Cognize,   V.   a.      { Psych.)      Take  knowledge   of, 

notice,  know,  recognize,  beware  of,    take  in  as 

object,  observe,  be  conscious  of. 
Cognomen,  «.     Surname,  family  name. 
Cohabit,  v.   n.      Live  together  (as  husband  and 

wife),  live  in  sexual  intimacy. 
Co-heir,  «.     Joint  heir. 
Cohere,  v.  n.    I.   Adhere  or  cleave  to  each  other, 

stick  together,  hold  together. 

2.  \\Wnhivtth.\  Suit,  fit,  agree,  square,  tally, 
coincide,  comport. 

3.  Be  consistent,  be  rationally  connected, 
make  sense,  tally  or  agree  or  comport  with  each 
other. 

Coherence,  I  «.     I.   Cohesion,  union,  connection, 
Coherency, f    dependence. 

2.   Consistency,     congruity,     corresp>ondence, 
harnnony,  agreement,   unity,   rationality,  intelli- 
gibility, intelligible  meaning. 
Coherent,  a.      I.    Connected,  united,  adherent, 
sticking  together. 
2.   Consistent    congruous,  logical,  intelligible. 
Cohesion,  n.     I.   Coherence,  sticking  together. 
2.   Cohesive  force  or  attraction. 


Cohort,  n.    I.  Tenth  of  a  legion. 

2.  [In  pi.,  usually  poetic. I  Bands,  battal- 
ions, squadrons,  lines. 

Coifture, «.     Head-dress. 

Coign,  «.     Corner,  quoin,  coin. 

Coil,  V.  a.     Gather  into  a  coil,  lay  into  a  spiral. 

Coil,  V.  n.     Make  coils,  form  spiral  rings. 

Coil,  n.  I.  Convolution,  circular  heap,  spiral 
ring,  spiral. 

2.  Perplexities,  entanglements,  tumult,  bustle, 
care,  turmoil,  clamor,  confusion,  uproar. 

Coin,  n.     1.    Corner,  ouoin,  coign. 

2.  Prop,  wedge,  plug,  key,  quoin. 

3.  Specie,  cash,  money,  metallic  money,  hard 
money,  stamped  money. 

Coin,  V.  a.  I.  Convert  (metal)  into  money  by 
stamping,  convert  into  coin. 

2.  Invent,  fabricate,  devise,  create,  form, 
mould,  stamp. 

Coinage,  n.   I.    Coin. 

2.    Invention,  fabrication,  creation. 

Coincide,  v.  n.  I.  Be  identical  (in  place  or  time\ 
fall  exactly  together,  be  conterminous,  fill  identi- 
cal spaces  or  times,  fit  exactly,  cover  each  other 
exactly. 

2.  Correspond,  square,  tally,  cohere. 

3.  Agree,  concur,  harmonize,  be  of  the  same 
mind. 

Coincidence,  n.  I.  Exact  overlapping,  identical 
size  or  duration,  exact  equality,  precise  falling 
together. 

2.  Correspondence,  coherence. 

3.  Agreement,  concurrence,  consistency. 
Coincident,  a.     I.   Exactly  conterminous,  exactly 

overlying,  identical  in  extent  or  duration. 

2.  Correspondent,  tallying,  squaring. 

3.  Agreeing,  concurring,   concurrent 
Coition,  n.     Copulation,  sexual  conjunction,  sexual 

congress,  sexual  intercourse. 
Cold,  a.     I.    Devoid  of  warmth  or  heat,  chilled, 
frigid,  gelid,  cool,  cooled. 

2.  Bleak,  raw,  biting,  cutting,  nipping,  chill, 
chilly,  boreal,  arctic,  polar,  frosty,  icy,  winti7, 
hyemal,  brumal. 

3.  Chiilv,  chill,  shivering, 

4.  Apathetic,  unsympathetic,  unresponsive, 
phlegmatic,  stoical,  unfeeling,  unsusceptible,  iin- 
impressible,  passionless,  cold-blooded,  sluggish, 
torpid,  lukewarm,  dead,  indifferent,  unconcerned, 
frigid,  freezing,  without  heart. 

5.^  Unaffecting,  uninteresting,  spiritless,  un- 
inspiring, dull,  dead. 

6.   Untouched    by    desire,    without    passion, 
coldly  chaste. 
Cold,  n.     I.   Absence  of  warmth,  want  of  heat. 

2.  Coldness,  chilliness. 

3.  Catarrh,  couch  (or  other  inflammatory 
disease  produced  by  exposure  to  cold). 

Cold-blooded,  a.     I.    Having  cold  blood. 

2.  Unfeeling,  apathetic,  cold-hearted.  See 
Cold,  4. 

3.  Deliberate,  calculating,  calculated,  heart- 
less, unrelenting,  relentless,  remorseless,  cruel. 

Cold-hearted,  a.     Unfeeling.    See  Cold,  4. 

Cole,  «.     Cabbage. 

Cole-slaw,  «.     Cabbage  salad,  sliced  cabbage. 

Colewort,  «.     Kale  or  kail. 

Colic,  n.  Spasmodic  pain  in  the  bowels,  intes- 
tinal cramp. 

Collapse,  n,  I.  Falling  together,  falling  in  (as  the 
sides  of  a  flue). 

2.  (Med.)  Prostration,  exhaustion,  sinking, 
extreme  depression. 

3.  Break-down,  downfall,  utter  failure,  dead 
failure,  abortion,  bnitum  /ulmen,  "lame  and 
impotent  conclusion,"  flash  in  the  pan. 

Collapse,  V.  n.     I.   Fall  together,  fall  in. 


6 


COLLAR 


82 


COMBUSTION 


2.  Break-down,  come  to  nothing,  fail  utterly, 
go  out  in  smoke,  vanish  in  thin  air. 
Odlar,  n.     I.   Neck-band. 

2.  Neck-harness. 

3.  Ring,  fillet,  belt,  band,  guard. 
Collar,  V.  a.     I,    Seize  by  the  collar  or  throat. 

2.   Put  a  collar  on,  fit  with  a  collar,  fillet,  belt. 

Collar-I)one,  ».    Clavicle. 

Collate,  V.  a.  Compare,  bring  into  comparison, 
compare  critically,  estimate  relatively. 

Collateral,   a.      I.     Indirect,     subordinate,     not 
directly  to  the  point. 
2.    Corroboratory,  confirniatory,  concurrent. 

Collation,  «.     I.    Comparison. 

2.  Meal  {less  than  a  feast),  light  repast,  sim- 
ple entertainment,  luncheon. 

Colleague,  «.  Associate  (/«  office)^  coadjutor, 
co-operator,  assistant,  collaborator,  coUaborateur, 
co-laborer,  helper,  aider,  co-aid,  partner,  ally. 

Collect,  V.  a.  I.  Gather,  assemble,  muster,  bring 
together. 

2.  Accumulate,  amass,  aggregate,  garner,  heap 
up,  garner  up,  scrape  together. 

3.  {Rare.)     Infer,    deduce,    argue,    consider 
probable. 

Collection,  «.  I.  Assemblage,  group,  cluster, 
gathering,  crowd. 

2.  Accumulation,   heap,  mass,   hoard,    store, 
pile,  aggregation. 

3.  Contribution  {/or  charitable  purposes). 
Collect  one's  self.      Recover  from   surprise,   re- 
cover one's  self-possession,  become  calm. 

College,  «.  I.  Society  {of  persons  engaged  in 
common  pursuits),  corporation,  guild,  associa- 
tion, community,  body. 

2.  Literary  institution  or  seminary  of  learning 
(pf  the  highest  class). 

3.  College  edifice  or  building. 

Collide,  V.  n.  I.  Come  into  collision,  strike  vio- 
lently against  each  other,  dash  against  each 
other,  run  into  each  other,  encounter  with  a 
shock,  crash  together. 

2.   Clash,  interfere,  be  antagonistic  or  in  an- 
tagonism, be  at  variance. 

Collier,  n.     I.   Coal-miner,  coal-digger. 

2.   Coal-dealer,  coal-merchant,  dealer  in  coals. 
3    Coal-transport,  coaling  vessel. 

Colliery, «.     Coal-mine,  coal-pit. 

Colligate,  v.  a.  I.  Unite,  combine,  fasten  to- 
gether, bind. 

2.   Bring  into  unity,  form  into  a  logical  whole, 
combine,  unite,  unify. 

Colliquate,  v.  a.  and  V.  n.     Melt,  dissolve,  liquefy. 

Collision,      «.     I,    Clash,      shock,      concussion, 
crash. 
2.   Opposition,  interference,  crashing,  conflict. 

Collocate,  v.  a.  {Rare.)  Place,  set,  dispose, 
arrange. 

Collocation,  «.  Arrangement,  disposition,  group- 
ing, 

Collop,  «.     Slice  {of  meat),  rasher. 

Collo<luial,  a.     Conversational. 

Colloquy,  «.  Dialogue,  conversation,  conference, 
talk,  (mutual)  discourse. 

Collude,  V.  n.  Participate  in  fraud,  conspire  fraud- 
ulently, act  in  secret  concert,  connive,  play  into 
each  other's  hands. 

Collusion,  n.  I.  {Law.)  Covin,  participation  in 
fraud. 

2.   Secret  understanding   or  agreement    {/or 
/raud),  connivance. 

Collusive,  a.  Deceitful,  fraudulent,  deceptive, 
dishonest,  covinous. 

CoHyrlum,  «.  [L.]  {Med.)  Eye-water,  wash  or 
lotion  for  the  eyes. 

Colocyutll,  «.  Coloquintida,  bitter-apple,  bitter- 
cucumber. 


ffie-water.}"-    Ea-de-Cologne. 

Coloquintida,  «•     Colocynth,  bitter-apple,  bitter- 
cucumber. 
Color,  «.     I.   Hue,  tint,  tinge,  shade. 

2.  Pigment,  paint. 

3.  Redness,  ruddiness,  rosiness,  freshness  of 
complexion. 

4.  Complexion,  hue  of  skin. 

5.  Plea,  pretext,  pretence,  excuse,  guise,  dis- 
guise, semblance,  appearance,  make-shift,  fialse 
show. 

Color,  V.  a.     I,  Tinge,  dye,  paint,  stain,  tint. 

2.  Disguise,  varnish,  gloss  over,  make  plausi- 
ble. 

3.  Distort,  pervert,  garble,  misrepresent. 
Color,  V.  n.     Redden,  blush,  flush,  show  color. 
Color-blindness,  n.    Daltonism. 

Colorless,  a.    I.   Uncolored,  untinged,  achromatic. 

2,  Pale,  pallid,  blanched,  hueless,  livid. 

3.  Dull,  monotonous,  characterless,  blank,  ex- 
pressionless, inexpressive. 

Color-sergeant,  «.    Ensign,  standard-bearer. 

Colors,  «•  pi.     Flag,  standard,  ensign,  banner. 

Colossal,  «.  Gigantic,  huge,  monstrous,  immense, 
enormous,  vast,  prodigious,  Cyclopean,  Hercu- 
lean. 

Colossus,  n.    Gigantic  statue. 

Colporteur,  «.  [Fr.]  Vtd\^x  {o/ religious  hooks), 
hawker  of  tracts. 

Colt.  n.    Young  horse  {male  ox/emale). 

Coltish,  a.  Frisky,  rampant,  playful,  frolicsome, 
sportive,  gay. 

Columbary,  «.    Dovecot,  pigeon-house. 

Column,  n.     I.   Round  pillar,  rounded  pillar. 

2.  File,  line,  row. 

3.  {Mil.)    Array  of  less  front  than  depth. 

4.  Cylindrical  body,  cylinder  {as  o/  water  or 
mercury). 

Coma,  n.     I.  {Med)    Lethargy,  stupor. 

2.  {Astron.)  Envelope,  hairy  envelope,  nebu- 
lous sheath. 

3.  {Bot.)    Tuft,  cluster,  bunch,  clump. 

cSSatoS',  }  '*•    Lethargic,  stupefied,  stupor-like. 
Comb,  n.     I.  Toilet-comb,  dressing-comb. 

2.  Card  {/or  wool,  hair^  flax,  etc.). 

3.  Caruncle,  head-tuft  {o/  a  cock  or  bird). 

4.  Top,  crest  {o/  a  wave). 

5.  Honeycomb. 

Comb,  V.  a.     Dress  {with  a  comh\  disentangle. 

Comb,  V.  n.     Curl,  roll  over,  break  in  foam. 

Combat,  v.  n.  Fight,  contend,  struggle,  contest, 
war. 

Combat,  v.  a.  Oppose,  resist,  withstand,  con- 
tend against,  battle  with,  struggle  with,  war 
against. 

Combat,  «.  Battle,  fight,  conflict,  engagement, 
action,  contest,  encounter,  rencounter,  skirmish, 
brush,  affair. 

Combatant,  «.  Contestant,  participant  in  fight, 
fighter,  fighting-man. 

Combativeness,  «■     Propensity  to  fight. 

Combination,  «.  I.  Union,  conjunction,  connec- 
tion, association. 

2.  Alliance,  _  coalition,  confederacy,  league, 
complot,  conspiracy,  cabal. 

3.  Mixture,  compound,  amalgamation. 
Combine,  v.  a.     I.   Unite,  join  together. 

2.  Mix,  blend,  incorporate,  amalgamate,  com- 
pound, put  together. 

Combine,  y.  n.  Coalesce,  become  united,  unite, 
blend,  mingle,  mix,  amalgamate. 

Combustibility,  n.  Combustibleness,  inflamma- 
bility, inflnmmableness 

Combustible,  a.      Inflammable,    consumable. 

Combustion,  n.     Burning,  consuming 


COME 


83 


COMMENT 


Comet  V.  «■  I.  Approach,  advance,  draw  near, 
tend  hitherward. 

2.  Arrive,  get  to,  reach  or  attain  any  place  or 
point. 

3.  [With  from.'\  Proceed,  issue,  arise,  re- 
sult, follow,  flow,  ensue,  originate,  be  derived, 
be  due  or  owing,  take  rise. 

4.  Happen,  occur,  befall,  betide,  take  place, 
come  to  pass,  fail  out,  come  about. 

Come  about.  Happen,  come  to  pass.  See  pre- 
ceding. 

Come  at.     Reach,  obtain,  get  at. 

Come  by.     Get,  obtain,  gam,  get  possession  of. 

Comedian,  «.     Comic  actor. 

Come  home.     I.   Get  home,  reach  home. 

2.  Touch  closely,  interest  deeply,  concern 
especially 

Come  in.    I.  Enter. 
2.   Accrue  (/xJ^«/«). 

Come  in  for.  Make  a  claim  for,  become  subject 
to,  or  open  to. 

Come  into.    I.  Enter. 

2.   Comply  with,  assent  to,  fall  in  with. 

Comeliness,  «.    I.   Propriety,  fitness,  suitableness, 
seemliness. 
2.    Symmetry,  grace,  gracefulness,  beauty. 

Comely,  a.  I.  Becoming,  fitting,  suitable,  seemly, 
decorous,  decent. 

2.  Symmetrical,  graceful,  pretty,  handsome, 
beautiful. 

Come  near.     Approximate,  approach. 

Come  of.  Proceed,  issue,  grow  out  of,  originate 
from,  arise  from,  be  derived  from. 

Come  on.     I.   Advance. 
2.   Succeed,  thrive. 

COme-OUter,  «•  [£/.  i".]  Radical,  radical  re- 
former, repudiator  of  established  usages. 

Come  round.    Change,  veer. 

Come  short.     Fail,  be  deficient,  be  wanting. 

Comet,  n~     Blazing  star. 

Come  to.     I.   Consent  or  yield  to. 

2.  Amount  to. 

3.  Recover  (<m  from  fainting).,  return  to 
consciousness. 

Come  to  a  head.     I.   Mature,  suppurate,  fester. 
2.   Come  to  a  crisis,  mature,  be  consummated. 

Come  to  grief.  (Collog.)  I.  Fail,  result  disas- 
trously. 

2.  Be  ruined,  meet  with  disaster,  come  to  a 
bad  end. 

Come  to  hand.     Be  received. 

Come  to  one's  self.  Recover  one's  senses,  come 
to,  return  to  consciousness. 

Come  to  pass.     I.    Happen,  chance,  occur,  befall, 
betide,  fall  out,  come  about. 
2.    Be  fulfilled. 

Come  to  the  gallows.    Be  hanged. 

Come  up.    I.    Rise,  ascend. 

2.  Shoot  {as  a  plant  from  the  earth),  sprout, 
spring  up. 

Come  up  with.      Overtake,  catch  up  with. 

Comfit,  «.  Sweetmeat  (dry),  confection,  confect, 
conserve,  preserve. 

Comfort,  V.  a.  Solace,  console,  cheer,  gladden, 
encourage,  inspirit,  enliven,  animate,  revive, 
refresh,  mvigorate,  relieve,  strengthen. 

Comfort*  «.  I.  Support,  assistance,  aid,  help, 
succor,  countenance. 

2.  Solace,  consolation,  encouragement,  relief. 

3.  Ease,  enjoyment,  satisfaction,  peace. 
Comfortable,  a.     I.    Agreeable,  pleasant,  pleas- 
urable,    grateful,     gratifying,     acceptable,    wel- 
come. 

2.  Snug,  convenient,  adapted  for  comfort 

3.  At  ease,  free  from  pain. 
Comforter,  a.     I.    Consoler. 

2.   Paraclete,  Holy  Spirit,  Spirit  of  Truth. 


3.  lU.  5".]  Stuflfed  coverlet,  wadded  quflt, 
comfort,  comfortable,  puff. 

Comfortless,  a.  I.  {Said  of  places.]  Forlorn, 
clieerless,  desolate,  wretched,  miserable,  dreary, 
drear,  bleak. 

2.  [Said  of  persons."]  Inconsolable,  discon- 
solate, woe-begone,  neari-broken,  broken- 
hearted, forlorn,  desolate,  wretched,  miserable. 

Comic,      i  a.     Droll,    funny,    farcical,    ludicrous, 

Comical,  \  laughable,  diverting,  sportive,  humor- 
ous. 

Coming,  n.    Approach,  advent,  arrival. 

Coming,  a.     Future,  to  come. 

Comity,  «.  Courtesy,  civility,  amenity,  polite- 
ness, suavity,  urbanity,  affability,  good  breeding, 
good  manners. 

Ccmmand,  v-a-  I.  Order,  direct,  bid,  charge, 
require,  enjoin. 

2.  Rule,  govern,  sway,  control,  lead,  preside 
over,  have  authority  over. 

3.  Claim,  challenge,  exact,  compel,  demand. 

4.  Overlook,  have  under  vision  or  range,  dom- 
inate, control. 

Command,  v.  «.  Govern,  rule,  lead,  have  sway, 
exercise  authority,  have  control,  take   the  lead. 

Command,  n.  I.  Order,  direction,  injunction, 
mandate,  behest,  best,  bidding,  charge,  re- 
quirement, requisition,  commandment,  word  of 
command. 

2.  Rule,  sway,  authority,  power,  dominion, 
government,  control,  ascendency,  supremacy. 

Commander,  n.  Chief,  chieftain,  leader,  head, 
captain. 

Commandment,  n.  Mandate,  precept,  charge. 
See  Command. 

Commeilfaut,  [Fr.]  Right,  fit,  proper,  appro- 
priate, seemly,  meet,  becoming,  as  it  should  be. 

Commemorate,  v-  a.     Celebrate,  solemnize. 

Commemoration,  ».      Celebration,  solemnization. 

Commemoratiye,  a.     Memorial. 

Commence,  v.  n.     I.    Begin,  originate,  take  rise. 

2.  Be!?in,  open. 

3.  Take  the  first  step,  make  a  beginning, 
break  ground,  break  the  ice. 

Commence,  v.  a.  Begin,  institute,  inaugurate, 
originate,  open,  start,  enter  upon,  set  about,  set 
on  foot,  set  in  operation. 

Commencement,  n,     I.    Beginning,  outset,  open- 
ing. 
2.  Graduation  day,  day  of  conferring  degrees- 

Commend,  v.  a.  I.  Recommend,  bespeak,  re- 
gard for. 

2.  Commit,  intrust,  yield. 

3.  Praise,  extol,  applaud,  laud,  eulogize,  cry 
up,  speak  well  of,  say  a  good  word  for,  sing  or 
sound  the  praises  of. 

Commendable,  a.  Laudable,  praiseworthy,  to  be 
commended. 

Commendation,  n.  I.  Recommendation,  ap- 
proval, approbation,   good  opinion. 

2.  Praise,  encomium,  eulogy,  panegyric,  good 
word. 

Commendations,  n.  pi.  Regards,  compliments, 
respects. 

Commendatory,  a.  Commending,  laudatory,  eu- 
logistic, complimentary,  encomiastic,  panegyr- 
ical. 

Commensurable,  a.  Commeasurable.  commen- 
surate, measurable  by  a  common  unit 

Commensurate,  a.  I  Commeasurable,  commen- 
surable. 

2.  Equal,  coextensive,  conterminous. 

3.  Adequate,  proportionate,  proportioned, 
due,  appropriate,  on  a  proper  scale,  correspond- 
ing, on  a  scale  suitable. 

Comment,  v.  «.  Annotate,  make  notes,  remark, 
make  comments  or  remarks. 


COMMENT 


84 


COMMUNICATION 


Commentt  n.    I.   Annotation,  note,  explanation, 
elucidation,    iiiustration,     exposition,    commeu- 
tarj'. 
2.   Remark,  observation. 

Commentary,  «.    I.  See  Comment. 

2.  Book  of  comments. 

3.  Memoir,  familiar  narrative. 
Commentator,    «.      Annotator,     expositor,     ex- 
pounder,  commenter    or  commentor,   writer  of 
comments. 

Commerce,  «.  I.  Dealing,  trade,  traffic,  busi- 
ness, exchange,  mercantile  relations,  system  of 
exchanges. 

2.  Intercourse,  communication,  communion. 

3.  Carnal,  sexual,  illicit  or  criminal  inter- 
course, intercourse,  criminal  converse,  criminal 
intimacy. 

Commerolal,  a.   Trading,  mercantile,  engaged  in 

traffic,  relating   to   traffic,   arising    from    traffic, 

skilled  in  commerce. 
Comminatiou,  «.     Threatening,   threat,    menace, 

denunciation. 
Commingle,  v.  a.  and  v.  n.     Blend,  mix,  commix, 

mingle,   intermingle,   intermix,    combine,    unite, 

amalgamate,  mingle  together,  run  together. 
Comminute,  v.  a.     Pulverize,  triturate,   levigate, 

powder,    grind,   bruise,   bray,  break    to    pieces, 

break  or  separate  into  fine  particles,  reduce  to 

powder. 
Comminution,  n.     Pulverization,  trituration,  levi- 

gation,  powdering,  reduction  to  powder. 
Commiserate,    v.   a.     Pity,  compassionate,    have 

pity  or  compassion  for,  sympathize  with,  feel  for, 

feel  sorry  for,  condole  with. 
Commiseration,  n.    I.   Pitying,  compassionating, 

etc. 
2.   Compassion,   sympathy,  pity,    condolence, 

fellow-feeling. 
Commission,  «.     I.   Perpetration. 

2.  Warrant  of  authority. 

3.  Trust,  charge,  office,  care,  duty,  task,  em- 
ployment, errand. 

4.  Allowance,  fee,  compensation. 

5.  Delegation,  body  of  commissioners. 
Commission,  v.  a.     I.   Authorize,  empower,  give 

a  commission  to. 
2.   Depute,  delegate,  send  on  a  commission. 
Commissioner,  «.     I.   Agent,  delegate,  deputy. 

2.   Member  of  the  commission. 
Commissure,   «.       Seam,  joint,  closure,    suture, 
■     conjunction,  juncture. 

Commit,  v.  a.  I.  Intrust,  consign,  confide,  give 
in  trust. 

2.  Deposit,  consign,  resign,  give  over,  put, 
place,  lay. 

3.  Perpetrate,  enact,  do,  perform. 

4.  Imprison,  send  to  prison,  put  in  custody, 
place  in  confinement. 

5.  Engage,  pledge,  implicate. 

6.  Compromise,  endanger,  bring  into  danger, 
put  at  hazard,  put  in  jeopardy. 

7.  Place  or  put  in  charge  of  or  hand  over  to 
a  committee. 

Commitment,  n.  I.  Delivering,  intrusting,  plac- 
ing in  charge. 

2.  Imprisonment,  committal,  placing  in  con- 
finement, putting  in  custody. 

3.  Giving  in  adhesion,  unreserved  adherence, 
pledged  relation. 

4.  Reference  to  a  committee. 
Committal,  «•    Intrusting,  depositing,  perpetrat- 
ing, etc.     See  Commit,  in  all  its  senses. 

Commix,  v.  a.  and  v.  n.  Blend,  mingle,  com- 
mingle, intermingle,  combine,  unite,  compound, 
mix,  amalgamate. 

Commixture,  «.  I.  Intermingling,  blending, 
mingling,  commingling,  combination,  union,  com- 


pounding, mixing,  intermixture,  admbcture,  mix- 
ture, amalgamation. 

2.  Intermixture,  admixture,  mixture,  composi- 
tion, compound,  amalgamation,  amalgam. 

Commode,  n,     I.   Chest  of  drawers,  small  bureau, 
dressing-table. 
2.    Somno,  night-stool. 

Commodious,  a.  Convenient,  comfortable,  roomy 
and  convenient,  spacious  and  comfortable,  useful, 
advantageous,  suitable,  fit,  proper. 

Commodity,  «.     Article  of  merchandise. 

Commodities,  n.  pi.  Merchandise,  wares,  goods, 
produce. 

Common,  a.  I.  Public,  belonging  to  all,  for  the 
use  of  all. 

2.  General,  universal,  used  by  all. 

3.  Usual,  frequent,  habitual,  customary,  everj'- 
day,  often  met  with. 

4.  Trite,  stale,  threadbare,  hackneyed,  com- 
mon-place, worn  out. 

5.  Ordinary,  indifferent,  inferior,  vulgar,  low, 
undistinguished  {by  high  birth,  attainments  or 
character). 

Commonalty,  «.  The  common  people  {below  the 
orders  of  nobility),  the  lower  classes,  common- 
ers, the  commons. 

Commoner,  «.  I.  One  of  the  commons,  or  com- 
mon-people, untitled  person. 

2.  Student  not  on  a  foundation,  gentleman- 
commoner  {Oxford),  pensioner  {Cambridge). 

Common-law,  n.    Unwritten  law. 

Commonplace,  a.  Trite,  stale,  hackneyed,  ordi- 
nary, common,  threadbare,  not  new,  w'orn  out. 

Common  run.     I.   Common  or  ordinary  course, 
2.   Generality,  mass,  ordinary  class. 

Commons,  n.  pi.  I.  Commonalty,  the  common 
people,  untitled  class,  commoners. 

2.  Lower  house  of  Parliament,  House  of 
Commons. 

3.  Common-table  meals  served   in    common . 
{esp.  at  colleges). 

4.  Provisions,  food,  fare. 
Common-sense,  «.      I.  Natural  sagacity,  good 

sense,  sound  sense  ^understanding,  plain  sense, 
good  judgment,  practical  discernment. 

2.  Ordinary  sense,  ordinary  judgment,  common 
view  of  things,  usual  way  of  looking  at  things. 

Common-sense,  a.  Sober,  practical,  matter  of 
fact,  sagacious,  sensible^  free  from  fanciful  views, 
free  from  vagaries,  keeping  to  facts. 

Commonwealth,  n.  I.  State,  nation,  republic, 
body  politic,  public  interest,  the  people. 

2.  The  public,  the  people,  the  community, 
body  of  the  people. 

Commotion,  «.  I.  Agitation,  disturbance,  per- 
turbation. 

2.  Turmoil,  turbulence,  tumult,  disorder,  vio- 
lence, bustle,  disturbance,  pother,  ado,  to  do. 

Commune,  v.  n.  I.  Converse,  communicate,  dis- 
course, speak,  talk,  hold  intercourse. 

2.  Receive  the  communion,  partake  of  the 
Lord's  Supper.  .  , 

Communicant,  «.  Partaker,  sharer,  partici- 
pator. . 

Communicate,  v.  a.  I.  Impart,  give,  bestow. 
See  Confer. 

2.  Disclose,  reveal,  divulge,  declare,  announce, 
make  known. 

Communicate,  v.  n.  I.  Have  a  connection  {by 
a  passage),  be  connected,  connect. 

2.  Hold  intercourse  or  converse,  interchange 
thoughts,  commune,  converse,  correspond. 

Communication,  n.     I.    Imparting,  giving. 

2.  Intercourse,  conversation,  converse,  confer- 
ence, commerce. 

3.  Message,  despatch,  information  {by  letter 
or  by  word). 


COMMUNICATIVE 


85 


.    COMPILE 


4,  Connection  {by  a  Passage),  passage,  con- 
necting passage. 

Communicative,  a.  Free,  unreserved,  open, 
sociable,  social,  affable,  conversable. 

Communion,  «.  I.  Participation,  fellowship, 
converse,  intercourse. 

2.  Eucharist,  Sacrament,  Lord's  Supper, 
Holy  Communion. 

Communism,  «.  Socialism,  Fourierism,  Phalans- 
terism,   Humanltarianism,  Saint  Simonianism. 

Community,  «.      I.   Common  or  joint  possession. 

2.  [With  714^  prefixed.]  Commonwealth, peo- 
ple, public,  society,  body  politic. 

3.  Association,  society,  brotherhood,  college. 

4.  Sameness,  likeness,  identity,  similarity,  par- 
ticipancy. 

Commutation,  n.     I.   Exchange. 

2.  {Law.)  Keplacetaeat  (,q/ a  gyeaier punisk- 
ment  by  a  less). 

Commute,  v.  a.     I.   Exchange. 

2.    Replace  (a  greater  pimlshtnent  by  a  less). 

Compact,  n.  Agreement,  contract,  covenant,  stip- 
ulation, bargain,  treaty,  concordat,  convention, 
pact,  arrangement. 

Compact,  V.  a.  I.  Press  together,  condense, 
compress. 

2.  Consolidate,  join  firmly,  knit  together, 
bind,  unite. 

Compact,  a.  I.  Close,  dense,  solid,  firm,  com- 
pressed, pressed  together,  closely  put  together, 
of  firm  texture. 

2.  Pithy,  terse,  concise,  laconic,  sententious, 
short,  brief,  compendious,  succinct,  pointed,  full 
of  meaning. 

3.  [Arc/iaic]    Compacted.     See  the  verb. 
Companion,  n.     l.    Comrade,  associate,  mate,  fel- 
low, consort,  comp)eer,  boon  companion. 

2.  Partner,  partaker,  participator,  participant, 
sharer. 

Companionship,  n.  Fellowship,  friendship,  asso- 
ciation, company,  society. 

Compan;7,  n.  I.  Assemblage,  assembly,  body, 
gathering,  collection,  group,  circle,  troop,  crew, 
gang,  set,  concourse,  congregation. 

2.  Party,  meeting  of  friends,  social  meeting. 

3.  Visitor,  visitors,  guests. 

4.  Fellowship,  companionship,  society. 

5.  Corporation,  association,  partnership,  co- 
partnership, firm,  house,  joint  concern. 

Comparable,  a.     To  be  compared,  worthy  of  com- 
parison, deserving  comparison. 
Comparative,  a.     I.   Comparing,  able  to  compare. 

2.  Judged  bjr  comparison,  relative. 

3.  Founded  in  comparison,  general. 
Comparatively,  a^i.     By  comparison,  relatively. 
Compare,  v.  a.     I.   Collate  {followed  by   with), 

bring  into  comparison,  estimate  relatively. 

2.  Liken  {followed  by  to),  declare  similar, 
represent  as  resembling. 

Compare,  v.  n.  Bear  a  comparison,  admit  of 
comparison,  present  a  resemblance. 

Compare,  «.     {Poetical. )    Comparison. 

Comparison,  «.      I.  Collation,  compare,  relative 
estimate,  comparative  estimate. 
2.   Simile,  similitude. 

Compartment*  n.  Division,  section,  separate 
part. 

Compass,  v.  a.  I.  Encompass,  environ,  sur- 
round, encircle,  enclose,  engird,  embrace,  com- 
pass about,  stretch  round. 

2.  Besiege,  invest,  beset,  beleaguer,  block, 
blockade,  hem  in,  hedge  in,  wall  in,  lay  siege  to. 

3.  Attain,  obtain,  procure,  accomplish,  effect, 
perform,  achieve,  consummate,  realize,  carry, 
bring  about,  bring  to  pass. 

4.  {Law. )  Mediute,  contrive,  plot,  purpose, 
intend,  devise. 


Compass,  ».      I.    Stretch,  reach,  extent,  range, 

scope,  limit,  bound,  boundary. 

2.  Circuit,  round,  circular  course. 

3.  Mariner's  or    surveyor's    compass,    ship's 
compass,  needle. 

Compassable,  a     Attainable,  to  be  attained. 

Compasses,  «•  pi.     Dividers. 

Compassion,  «.  Pity,  commiseration,  sympathy, 
tenderness,  kindness,  kindliness,  clemency,  fel- 
low-feeling, heart,  tender-heartedness,  kind- 
heartedness,  mercy,  bowels  of  compassion, 
melting   mood. 

Compassionate,  a.  Tender,  pitying,  sympathetic, 
merciful,  benignant,  gracious,  clement,  kind, 
inclined  to  pity,  full  of  compassion. 

Compassionate,  v.  a.  Pity,  commiserate,  feel 
pity  for,  be  moved  with  sympathy  for. 

Compatible  with.  Consistent  with,  consonant 
with,  congruous  with,  accordant  with,  agreeable 
to,  .suitable  to,  in  keeping  with,  reconcilable  with, 
in  harmony  with. 

Compatriot,  n.     Fellow-countryman,  countryman. 

Compeer,  «.  Companion,  mate,  equal,  peer,  asso- 
ciate, fellow,  comrade. 

Compel,  V.  a.    I.  Force,  oblige,  constrain,  coerce, 
drive,  necessitate. 
2.   Subject,  subdue,  bend,  bow. 

Compellation,  ».  Style  of  address,  ceremonious 
title,  formal  appellation. 

Compellative,  n.     {Gram.)    Vocative. 

Compend,  «.  Abridgment,  compendium,  con- 
spectus, summary,  abstract,  epitome,  digest, 
synopsis,  syllabus,  breviary,  brief,  sum  and 
substance. 

Compendious,  a.  Brief,  concise,  short,  abridged, 
summary,  succinct,  comprehensive. 

Compendium,  «.     Abridgment.    See  Compend. 

Compensate,  v.  a.  I.  Counterbalance,  counter- 
poise, countervail,  make  up  for. 

2.  Recompense,   remunerate,   reimburse,    re- 
ward. 

3.  Requite,      indemnify,      reimburse,      make 
amends  to. 

Compensate,  v.  n.    Atone,    make  compensation, 

make  amends. 
Compensation,    n.      I.  Recompense,    remunera* 

tion,  reward. 

2.  Requital,     satisfaction,    indemnity,    atone- 
ment, indemnification,  reparation,  amends. 

3.  Counterpoise,  balance,  equalization. 
Compete,  v.  ».     Contend,  strive,  struggle,  cope, 

enter  the  lists,  be  rivals. 
Competence,  \n.     I.   Ability,  capableness,  capac- 
Competency, )      ity,     qualification,     suitableness, 

fitness. 

2.  Sufficiency,  adequateness,  adequacy,  enough. 

3.  Sufficient  fortune,  adequate  income,  inde- 
pendent support,  means  of  independence. 

Competent,  a.  I.  Able,  capable,  qualified,  en- 
dowed. 

2.  Adequate,  sufficient,  adapted,  convenient, 
suitable,  fit. 

3.  Incident,  belonging,  pertinent,  in  point. 
Competition,   n.      Rivalry,    rivalship,  emulation, 

contest,  {for  the  same  object). 
Competitive,  a.     Competing,    prompted  by  emu- 
lation, based  on  competition. 
Competitor,  «.     Rival,  antagonist,  contestant,  oj)- 

ponent,  rival  candidate. 
Compilation,    n.      I.   Compiling,     selecting    and 

combining,  selection  and  combination  {of  liter' 

ary  matter),  book-making. 
2.    Selection    {of  literary    matter),    book  of 

selections,  or  excerpts  or  extracts. 
Compile,  v  a.     I.    Write  {by  selecting  from  other 

works),   prepare,   compose,   draw    up,    get    up. 
2.  Select  and  arrange,  collect  together,  combine. 


COMPLACENCE 


86 


COMPOTATION 


Complacence,  )  n.    I.   Satisfaction,  gratification, 

Complacency,  )      pleasure,  content,  contentment. 
2.   Complaisance,  civility,  courtesy,  politeness. 

Complacent,  a.  I.  Pleased,  satisfied,  gratified, 
contented. 

2.  Complaisant,  civil,  polite,  courteous,  affa- 
ble, easy,  obliging,  urbane,  gracious. 

Complain,  v.  n.  Murmur,  lament,  bewail,  grum- 
ble, croak,  find  fault,  express  pain,  moan,  groan. 

Complain  OI.  I.  Express  a  feeling  or  sensation 
of,  express  discomfort  from. 

2.   Inform  against,  make    or  prefer    charges 
against. 

Complainant,  n.     Plaintiff,  accuser. 

Complainer,  «.  I.  Murmurer,  censurer,  grum- 
bler, croaker,  fault-finder. 

2.   Moaner,  groaner,  hand  to  express  pain  or 
discomfort 

Complaining,  a.  Querulous,  murmuring,  queri- 
monious,  fault-finding. 

Complaint,  n.  I.  Murmur,  lamentation,  plaint, 
lament,  wail. 

2.  Malady,  disease,  ailment,  ail,  illness,  indis- 
position, disorder,  distemper,  sickness. 

3.  [With  against.'\    Accusation,   charge,  in- 
formation. 

Complaisance,  «.  Obligingness,  compliance, 
yieldingness,  affability,  graciousness,  civility, 
courtesy,  politeness,  urbanity,  suavity,  conde- 
scension, good-breeding,  complacence. 

Complaisant,  a.  Obligmg,  compliant,  yielding, 
affable,  gracious,  courteous,  polite,  civil,  debo- 
nair, familiar,  easy,  well-bred,  complacent. 

Complement,  «.  I.  Full  number,  full  quantity, 
quota,  full  tale,  tale. 

2.  Completeness,   fulfilment,  fulness,  perfec- 
tion, consummation. 

3.  Deficiency,  deficit,  shortage,  amount  lack- 
ing (to  make  some  fixed  amount). 

Complete,  a.  I.  Perfect,  full,  thorough,  consum- 
mate, clean,  without  fault  or  blemish  or  flaw,  out 
and  out. 

2.  Total,  entire,  whole,  undivided,  unbroken, 
undiminished,  unimpaired,  integral. 

3.  Completed,  finished,    concluded,    consum- 
mated, ended. 

Complete,  v.  a.  I.  Finish,  perfect,  consummate, 
accomplish,  achieve,  perform,  effect,  effectuate, 
execute,  terminate,  end,  conclude,  bring  to  a 
close,  give  the  finishing  touch  to,  put  the  finish- 
ing hand  to,  put  the  seal  to. 
2.   Fulfil,  realize,  come  up  to,  bring  to  pass. 

Completion,  «.  I.  Consummation,  perfectmg,  ac- 
complishing, achieving,  effecting,  effectuation,  ter- 
mination, ending,  accomiplishment,  performance, 
execution,  conclusion,  finishing,  finishing  touch. 

2.  Fulfilment,  realization,  achievement,  attain- 
ment, consummation. 

Complex,  a.  I.  Compounded,  compound,  com- 
posite, mixed,  mingled,  manifold,  composed  of 
several  elements. 

2.   Complicated,  complicate,   tangled,    entan- 
gled, intricate,  involved. 

Complex,  n.  Network,  complexus,  complication, 
tangle,  tangled  skein,  compages,  compage,  intri- 
cate web,  web,  webwork. 

Complexus,  «.    Network.     See  Complex. 

Complexion,  «.    I.   Color,  hue,  tint  {of  the  face). 
2.   Appearance,  aspect,  look. 

Complexity,  «.  Intricacy,  complication,  entangle- 
ment, involved  character. 

Compliance,  n.  I.  Concession,  submission,  obe- 
dience. 

2.  Acquiescence,  assent,  consent,  agreement, 
concurrence. 

3.  Compliancy,   yieldingness,  yielding  dispo- 
sition, compliant  temper.     See    Compi-Aisance. 


Compliant,  a.    I.  Yielding,  submissive,  obedient, 

obsequious. 
2.    Yielding,    obliging,    accommodating.     See 

Complaisant. 
Complicate,  v.  a.     Involve,  entangle,  make  com- 

plex,_make  intricate. 

Complicated,  }  ''•    ^^®  Complex,  in  both  senses. 

Complication,  «.  I.  Complexity,  intricacy,  en- 
tanglement, confusion. 

2.  Mixture,  combination,  complexus.  See 
Complex,  n. 

Complicity,  «.  Criminal  participance,  being  privy, 
partnership  (/«  wrong),  sharing  {of  crhne). 

Compliment,  n.  I.  Praise,  commendation,  enco- 
mium, laudation,  good  word. 

2.  Formal  praise,  hollow  commendation, 
empty  encomium,  flattering  remark,  ceremo- 
nious phrase  or  flattery. 

Compliment,  v.  a.     I.   Praise,  commend,  flatter 
{by  expressions  of  civility). 
2.   Congratulate. 

Complimentary,  a.  Commendatory,  laudatory, 
encomiastic,  flattering  (in  the  good  sense). 

Complot,  «.  {Rare.)  Conspiracy,  machination, 
intrigue,  cabal,  plot,  combination. 

Comply  with.  I.  Observe,  perform,  fulfil,  dis- 
charge, meet,  satisfy,  complete,  adhere  to,  be 
faithful  to,  carry  into  effect. 

2.  Yield  to,  consent  to,  assent  to,  accede  to, 
agree  to,  conform  to,  acquiesce  in,  give  consent 
to. 

Component,  a.  Composing,  constituting,  constit- 
uent. 

ComiK)nent,  n.  Constituent,  element,  ingredient, 
component  part. 

Comport,  V.  n.  Agree,  accord,  harmonize,  tally, 
correspond,  square,  fall  in,  chime  in. 

Comport  one's  self.  Behave,  act,  conduct  one's 
self,  demean  one's  self,  quit  one's  self. 

Comport  with.  Suit,  fit,  become,  agree  with, 
accord  with,  square  with,  chime  in  with,  be  suit- 
able to. 

Compose,  v.  a.  I.  Constitute,  form,  make,  com- 
pound, put  together,  make  up. 

2.  Indite,  write,  frame,  invent,  contrive,  imag- 
ine, create,  draw  up,  put  or  set  down  in  writing, 
express  by  writing. 

3.  Adjust,  settle,  regulate. 

4.  Tranquillize,  assuage,  soothe,  appease, 
pacify,  calm,  still,  quiet,  quell. 

Composed,  a.  Calm,  quiet,  unruffled,  undisturbed, 
unmoved,  tranquil,  placid,  sedate,  collected,  self- 
possessed,  imperturbable,  cool. 

Composite,  a.     Compounded,  complex. 

Composition,  n.  I.  Constitution,  formation, 
making. 

2.  Compound,  mixture. 

3.  Union,  conjunction,  combination,  arrange- 
ment (of  iiarts). 

4.  Writing,  literary  work,  invention  {esp.  in 
music,  painting,  or  sculpture). 

5.  Compromise,  agreement,  arrangement. 
Compost,  «•    Manure,  fertilizer,  fertilizing  mixture. 
Composure,     «•     Quiet,     tranquillity,     calmness, 

sedateness,  placidity,  coolness,  equanimity,  self- 
possession. 

SSA!"-     Sfwedfrui.. 
Compotation, «.    I.   Pot-companionship,   tippling 
in  companv,  drinking  together. 

2.  Revelling,  revelry,  conviviality,  carousing, 
wassailing,  frolicking,  jollification. 

3.  Revel,  debauch,  bacchanals,  saturnalia, 
wassail,  orgies,  carouse,  carousal,  drinking-bout, 
wassail-bout,  merry  frolic,  jolly  time,  jollification 
{colloq.),  spree  {coUoq.). 


COMPOUND 


87 


CONCEIVE 


CompOIUldf  V.  a.  I.  Mix,  mingle,  intermix,  inter- 
mingle, blend,  combine,  unite,  amalgamate, 
{either  physically   or   mentally'). 

2.  Compromise,  settle,  adjust,  compose. 

3.  Commute,  pay  with  an  abatement,  pay  by 
substitution. 

4.  Connive  at,  bargain  with. 

Compound,  v.  n.  Compromise,  agree,  come  to 
terms,  come  to  an  agreement,  make  an  arrange- 
ment. 

Compound,  a.    Complex,  composite,  compounded. 

Compound,  n.  I.  Mixture,  composition,  combi- 
nation. 

2.  Medley,  olio,  farrago,  hodge-podge,  hotch- 
potch or  hotchpot,  mess  (colloq.),  jumble. 

3.  [In  the  East  Indies.^  Y2Lt^[round  a  build- 
ing), enclosure. 

Comprehend,  v.  a.  I.  Comprise,  include,  enclose, 
embrace,  contain,  embody,  take  in. 

2.  Grasp  (mentally),  understand  {fully),  ap- 
prehend, conceive,  imagine,  see,  discern,  per- 
ceive, enter  into  the  idea  of,  catch  the  idea  of. 

Comprehension,  n,  I.  Inclusion,  comprising, 
embracing. 

2.  Scope,  reach,  sweep,  range,  compass,  era- 
brace,  field,  sphere^  limits,  domain,  province. 

3.  {Log.)  Intension,  connotation,  force,  depth, 
etc.  {of  a  notion). 

4.  Grasp  {of  our  understanding),  power  to 
understand,  conception,  understanding,  intelli- 
gence. 

5.  Intellect,  mind,  reason,  mental  capacity, 
understanding,  intelligence. 

Comprehensive,  a.  Extensive,  wide,  broad,  large, 
capacious,  full,  sweeping,  wide-reaching,  wide- 
embracing,  of  great  scope,  of  extensive  applica- 
tion. 

Compress,  v.  a.  I.  Press  together,  close  tightly, 
shut  firmly. 

2.  Bind  tightly,  wrap  closely. 

3.  Squeeze  or  press  together  or  into  smaller 
compass,  condense. 

4.  Squeeze,  force,  crowd,  press. 

5.  Make  brief,  abbreviate,  condense,  make 
terse  or  pithy. 

Compress,  «.   (Surg.)  Bandage,  compressing  pad. 
Compressibility,  ».     Condensability. 
Compressible,  a.    Condensable. 
Compression,  «.     I,   Condensation,   pressing  to- 
gether, saueezing,  pinching,  confining. 

2.  Tight  closure,  close  shutting,  firm  closing. 

3.  Brevity,  terseness,  succinctness,  pithiness, 
condensation,  conciseness. 

Comprise,  v.  a.  Comprehend,  include,  enclose, 
embrace,  contain,  embody,  take  in. 

Compromise,  «.  Agreement,  composition,  adjust- 
ment, settlement,  mutual  concession,  abatement 
of  differences. 

Compromise,  v.  a.  I.  Adjust,  settle,  compose, 
compound. 

2.  Jeopardize  (irretrievably),  imperil,  bring 
into  danger,  put  at  hazard,  put  in  jeopardy,  ex- 
pose the  repute  of. 

3.  Engage,  pledge,  implicate,  commit. 
Compromise,   v.   n.     Agree,  compound,  come  to 

an  agreement,  come  to  an  understanding,  settle 
or  compose  or  compound  differences  ^r  disputes. 

Compulsion,  «.  Coercion,  constraint,  application 
<w  employment  of  force. 

Compulsory,  a.  I.  Compelling,  constraining, 
coercive. 

2.  Binding,  obligatory,  enforced,  necessary, 
unavoidable,  not  to  be  evaded. 

Compunction,  ».  Repentance,  remorse,  contrition, 
penitence,  sorrow,  regret,  misgiving,  qualm,  re- 
luctance, reproach  of  conscience,  stmg  of  con- 
science. 


Compunctious,  a.  Repentant,  penitent,  contrite, 
remorseful,  sorrowful,  conscience-stinging,  cou- 
science-stung. 

Computable,  a.     Calculable. 

Computation,  n.  Reckoning,  calculation,  esti- 
mate, account. 

Compute,  V.  a.  Reckon,  calculate,  estimate, 
count,  number,  rate,  cast,  cast  up,  sum  up. 

Comrade,  n.  Companion,  associate,  mate,  fellow, 
compeer,  boon  companion. 

Con,  V.  a.  Study,  read  over  carefully,  consider 
minutely,  fix  in  the  mind,  commit  to  memory, 
learn  by  heart,  con  over. 

Con  amore.  lit.]  With  love,  with  delight,  with 
delighted  interest,  with  pleasure,  with  zeal,  zeal- 
ously, with  zest,  with  inclination,  with  predilec- 
tion, with  fondness. 

Conation,  n.  Voluntary  activity,  desire  and  will, 
wishing  and  willing,  want  and  volition. 

Conative,  a.     Voluntary,  pertaining  to  conation. 

ConatUS,  n.      Endeavor,  enort,  nisus. 

Concatenate,  v.  a.  Connect,  unite,  join,  link 
together. 

Concatenation,  n.  I.  Connection,  linking- 
together,  intimate   relationship. 

2.  Series,  chain,  succession,  sequence,  conge- 
ries, successive  series. 

Concave,  a.     Hollow,  hollowed,  depressed. 

Concave,  ».     See  Concavity,  2. 

Concavity,     «•     I«   Hollowness,     hollow    shape, 
hollowed  couditioa,  state  or  degree  of  incurva- 
tion. 
2.   Hollow  space,  hollow,  depression. 

Conceal,  v.  a.     I.   Hide,  secrete,  cover,  screen, 
bury,  cover  up. 
2.  Disguise,  dissemble,  keep  secret. 

Concealment,  n.  I.  Concealing,  secreting,  secre- 
tion, hiding,  covering,  screening,  burying,  cover- 
ing up,  keeping  secret. 

2.  Secrecy,  dissembling,  disguises,  indirection, 
dark  ways,  secret  methods. 

3.  Privacy,  secrecy. 

4.  Retreat,  shelter  ( from  observation),  hiding- 
place. 

Concede,  v.  a.    I.    Surrender,  yield,  grant,  give 

up. 
2.   Allow,  admit,  grant. 
Conceit,      «.     I.  ^  Conception,  ^    image,      notion, 

thought,  fancy,  imagination,  idea,  belief. 

2.  Whim,  vagary,  illusion,  freak  of  fancy. 

3.  Opinion,  estimate,  estimation,  judgment, 
impression. 

4.  Vanity,  conceitedness,  egotism,  self-conceit, 
self-complacency,  self-esteem,  self-sufficiency, 
priggery,  priggishness,  priggism. 

5.  Quip,  c]uirk,  point,  odd  thought,  odd  turn, 
affected  witticism,  far-fetched  fancy. 

Conceited,  a.  Vain,  egotistical,  opinionated, 
opinionative,  self-conceited,  self-sufficient. 

Conceitedness,  n.  Vanity,  conceit,  egotism,  opin- 
ionatedness,  self-conceit,  self-complacency,  self- 
sufficiencv,  priggery,  priggtshness,  prigglsm. 

Conceivable,  a.  I.  Imaginable,  picturable, 
capable  of  being  sensibly  represented. 

2.  Thinkable,  intelligible,  comprehensible, 
capable  of  being  understood,  cogitable,  ra- 
tionaL 

3.  Imaginable,  supposable,  possible,  perhaps 
so. 

Conceive,  v.  a.  I.  Be  <?r  become  pregnant  with, 
bear  in  the  womb. 

2.  Form  (in  the  mind),  devise,  contrive,  plan, 
purpose. 

3.  Imagine,  form  a  distinct  image  of,  image, 
make  sensibly  real. 

4.  Think,  realize  in  the  mind,  comprehend, 
understand,  fathom. 


CONCEIVE 


88 


CONCURRENCE 


5.  Imagine,  suppose,  suppose  possible,  assume 
as  a  possible  case. 

6.  Apprehend,  take,  view,  look  at,    regard, 
fancy. 

Conceiye,  v.n.    I.    Become  pregnant, 

2.  Think,  imagine,  have  an  idea,  form  a  con- 
ception. 

3.  Suppose,  apprehend,  think,  imagine,  fancy, 
take  it 

Conceive  of.    Have  an  idea  of,  form  a  conception 

of,  think  of,  suppose. 
Concentrate,   v.   a.     I.   Condense,   bring  into   a 

small  compass,  bring  toward  a  central  point. 
2.   Boil  down,  reduce  by  evaporation,  rectify, 

reduce  to  extreme  purity  and  strength. 
Concentration,  n.    i.   Condensation,  compression 

into  a  small  compass,  collection  upon  a  single 

point. 
2.   Reduction  by  evaporation. 
Concept,  n.    Universal,  general  or  abstract  notion, 

conception.     See  Idea. 
Conception,  ».     I.   Conceiving. 

2.  Apprehension,  the  mind's  eye.     See  Imag- 
ination. 

3.  Notion,  idea,  thought,  fancy,  conceit,  im- 
pression. 

4.  General  notion,  generic  idea.   See  Concept. 
Concern,  v.  a.     I.   Affect,  interest,  touch,  regard, 

relate  to,  belong  to,  pertain  to,  bear  upon,  be  of 
importance  to. 

2.   1'rouble,  disturb,  disquiet,  make  anxious, 
make  uneasy. 
Concern,  n.    I.  Matter,  business,  affair,  transac- 
tion. 

2.  Importance,  interest,  moment,  consequence, 
weight,  concernment. 

3.  Anxiety,  solicitude,  care,  carefulness. 

4.  Firm,  house,  establishment. 
Concerning, /r(?/.     Respecting,  regarding,  about, 

relating  to,  with  relation  to,  with  regard  to,  with 
reference  to. 

Concert,  v.  a.  Contrive,  plan,  plot,  devise,  design, 
concoct. 

Concert,  n.  I.  Agreement,  concord,  concordance, 
harmony. 

2.   Musical  entertainment. 

Concession, «.    I.  Yielding. 
2.   Grant,  boon. 

Conchology,  n.     Malacology. 

Concierge,  «.    [Fr.]    Porter,  janitor,  door-keeper. 

Conciliate,  v.  a,  I.  Propitiate,  reconcile,  pacify, 
appease. 

2.  Win,  gain,  engage,  secure,  draw  over,  win 
over. 

Conciliation,  «.  _  Propitiation,  pacification,  recon- 
ciliation, reconcilement,  peace. 

Conciliatory,  a.     I.  Reconciling,  pacifying,  pa- 
cific, pacificatory. 
2.  Winning,  persuasive. 

Concise,  a.  Brief,  short,  laconic,  summary,  com- 
pendious, succinct,  terse,  pithy,  sententious, 
comprehensive,  pointed,  compact,  condensed, 
compressed. 

Conclave,  «.    I.   Secret  council,  private  assembly. 

2.  Secret    assembly-room     of    the     Romish 
Cardinals. 

3.  Body  of  cardinals. 

Conclude,  v.  a.  I,  End,  finish,  terminate,  close, 
bring  to  an  end. 

2.  Gather  (<m  a  consequence)^  infer,  judge, 
deduce- 

3.  Determine,  judge,  decide. 

4.  Settle,   arrange,   complete,  bring  to  a  suc- 
cessful issue. 

5.  {Law.)    Stop,  estop,  bar,  hinder,  restrain, 
cut  off. 

Conclude,  v.  u.     I.   Determine,  resolve,  decide, 


make  up  one's  mind,  come  to  the  conclusion  or 
decision. 

2.  End,  close,  come  to  a  conclusion  or  close. 

3.  Draw  inferences,  make  deductions,  reason, 
syllogize. 

4.  Settle  opinion,  come  to  a  final  decision. 
Conclusion,  «.     I.   Deduction,  inference. 

2.  Determination,  decision,  judgment. 

3.  Termination,  end,  completion,  upshot,  close, 
finale,  issue,  event 

4.  Settlement,  arrangement,  establishment 
Conclusive,    a.     I.   Decisive,   convincing,    unan- 
swerable, irrefutable,  clinching  or  clenching. 

2.    Final,  ultimate,  without  appeal. 

Concoct,  V.  a.  Devise,  plan,  plot,  contrive,  design, 
invent,  project,  brew,  frame,  mature,  prepaie, 
hatch. 

Concomitant,  a.  Accompanying,  concurrent, 
attendant,  attending,  conjoined. 

Concomitant,  «.  Attendant,  accessary  or  acces- 
sory, accompaniment,  attending  or  accompany- 
ing circumstance,  accessary  fact. 

Concord,  «.  I.  Agreement,  amity,  friendship, 
peace,  harmony,  unanimity,  unity,  union,  good 
understanding. 

2.  Consonance,  concordance,  harmony,  accord, 
agreement,  adaptation. 

3.  {Mus.)     Harmony,  accord. 
Concordance,  «.     I.  Agreement,  harmony.    See 

Concord. 

2.  Word-catalogue,  index  to  the  entire  vocab- 
ulary {of  any  author). 

Concordant,  a.  Agreeing,  accordant,  harmonious, 
agreeable. 

Concordat,  «.  Compact,  convention,  covenant, 
agreement,  bargain,  stipulation,  treaty. 

Concotirse,  n.  I.  Confluence,  confiux,  flocking 
together. 

2.  Meeting,  assemblage,  assembly,  collection, 
gathering,  throng,  crowd,  multitude. 

3.  {Poetical. )    Cluster,  crowded  group. 
Concrete,  v.  n.     Solidify,  harden,   cake,   become 

firm  or  solid,  be  consolidated,  coagulate,  con- 
geal, thicken. 
Concrete,  a.     l.    Firm,  solid,  solidified,  consoli- 
dated, compact. 

2.  Concreted,  formed  by  admixture,  complex, 
compound,  agglomerated,  conglomerated. 

3.  Completely    real,     individualized,     total, 
entire,  free  from  abstraction. 

Concrete,  «.     I.   Concretion,  mixture,  compound. 

2.  Cemented  stones  and  graveL 
Concretion,  n.     I.   Solidification. 

2.  Concreted  mass,  calculus. 

3.  Concrete,  mixture,  admixture,  firm  combi- 
nation, compound,  complex. 

Concutine,  «.     Mistress,  paramour. 

Concupiscence,  n.  I.  Inordinate  desire,  morbid 
longing,  sinful  craving,  extravagant  passion,  de- 
praved appetite. 

2.   Lust,    lewdness,    lechery,    lasciviousness, 
pruriency,  carnal  desire,  animal  appetite. 

Concupiscent,  a.  I.  Full  of  ill-regulated  passion, 
inordinately  desirous,  morbidly  passionate,  de- 
praved in  appetite  or  cravings. 

2,   Lustful,   lecherous,    libidinous,   lascivious, 
salacious,  lickerish,  prurient,  rampant,  carnal. 

Concur,  v.  n.  I.  Be  conjoined,  be  combined, 
meet. 

2.  Agree,  coincide,  harmonize. 

3.  Co-operate,  help,  combine,  conspire,  con- 
tribute jointly. 

Concurrence,  «.  I.  Conjuncture,  combination, 
coincidence,  consistence,  consilience. 

2.  Agreement,  union,  alliance,  consent,  joint 
approval  or  approbation. 

3.  Co-operation. 


CONCURRENT 


89 


CONFESSION 


Concnrrentf  a.  I.  Agreeing,  harmonizing,  coin- 
cident. 

2.  Conjoined,  united,  associate,  associated, 
attendant,  concomitant. 

3.  Joint  and  equal,  of  equal  authority. 
Concussion,  n.     I.    Shaking,  agitation. 

2.   Clash,  shock,  crash,  violent  collision. 
Condemn^  v.  a.     !•   Sentence,  doom. 

2.  Pronounce  guilty,  utter  (judicial)  sentence 
against. 

3.  Disapprove  utterly,  proscribe,  reprobate. 

4.  Censure,  blame,  disapprove,  reprove,  up- 
braid, pass  censure  on. 

5.  Adjudge  [a  ship)  to  be  unseaworthy,  decide 
{anything)  unfit  for  use. 

6.  Confiscate,  declare  (to  be)  forfeited. 
Condemnation,  n.     I.   Act  of  condemning,   con- 
demning, sentencing,  dooming. 

2.  Sentence  of  punishment,  judgment,  sen- 
tence, penalty, 

3.  Utter  disapproval,  proscription,  banning. 

4.  Guilt,  sin,  wrong,  ground  of  condemna- 
tion, condemning  fact,  ill-desert,  what  deserves 
condemnation. 

5.  Blame,  censure,  reproof,  disapproval,  dis- 
approbation. 

Condeinnat01T»  «•  !•  Condemning,  conveying 
sentence,  dooming,  conveying  or  expressing 
condemnation. 

2.  Reproachful,  censuring,  damnatory,  blam- 
ing, disapproving,  severely  disapproving. 

Condensability,  n.     Compressibility. 

Condensable,  a.     Compressible. 

Condensation,  n.     I.   Compression. 

2.   Reduction,  abridgment,  contraction. 

Condense,  v.  a.  I.  Compress,  consolidate,  con- 
centrate ;  make  dense,  compact,  or  close  ;  press 
together. 

2.  Abridge,  abbreviate,  shorten,  epitomize, 
reduce,  diminish,  contract,  curtail. 

3.  Reduce  to  a  liquid  state,  liquefy. 
Condense,  v.  «.     I.   Grow  dense. 

2.    Become  liquid,  liquefy. 
Condescend,    v.    n.     I.   Deign,    vouchsafe,    gra- 
ciously stoop. 

2.   Stoop,  descend,  degrade  one's  self,  lower 
one's  self,  so  forget  one's  self. 
Condescension,  n.     Graciou^ness,  gracious  favor, 

gracious  temper  or  disposition. 
Condign,  a.    [Said  only  or  chiefly  of  punishment  \ 

Deserved,  merited,  suitable,  adequate. 
Condiment,  n.    Seasoning,  relish,  appetizer,  sauce. 
Condition,   n.     I.   Situation,  state,  case,    plight, 
predicament,  circumstances. 

2.  Rank  {o/li/e),  estate,  grade,  class  or  order 
of  society. 

^  3.  Consideration,  provision,  proviso,  stipula- 
tion, arrangement,  article  of  agreement,  rule  of 
proceeding. 

4.  Prerequisite,  necessity,  necessary  antece- 
dent or  attendant,  si?te  qua  non. 

Condition,  v.  a.  Subject  to  conditions,  put  un- 
der limits,  assign  terms,  conditions,  <7r  limits  to, 
limit,  restrict,  make  contingent,  put  as  contin- 
gent or  dependent,  cognize  under  conditions  or 
limits- 
Conditional,  a.  I.  Depending  on  conditions, 
modified  by  conditions,  contingent. 

2.   Expressing  conditions  or  a  condition,  limit- 
ing, limitative. 
Conditions,  «.  //.     Stipulations,  provisions,  terms. 
Condole  Wltll.     Sympathize  with,  share  one's  sor- 
row, express  sympathy  for,  feel  grief  or  sorrow 
in  common  with. 
Condolence,  «.   Sympathy,  expression  of  sympathy 

or  common  sorrow 
Condonation,  n.   Pardon,  forgiveness,  overlooking. 


Condone,  v.  a.  Pardon,  forgive,  overlook,  let  go 
or  pass. 

Conduce,  v.  ».  Contribute,  tend,  lead,  have  a 
tendency. 

Conduce  to.  Serve,  subserve,  promote,  advance, 
forward,  contribute  to  or  towards,  lend  to,  be 
subsidiary  to. 

Conducive,  a.  Conducing,  contributing,  subser- 
vient, instrumental,  subsidiary,  promotive. 

Conduct,  H.  I.  Management,  direction,  adminis- 
tration, guidance,  leadership. 

2.  Convoy,  escort,  guard. 

3.  Deportment  (J,n  getieral,  or  as  a  matter  of 
habit),  demeanor,  carriage,  bearing,  manners, 
career,  manner  of  life,  course  of  life,  actions, 
ways,  mode  of  action.    See  Behaviok. 

Conduct,  V.  a.  I.  Lead,  direct,  guide,  escort, 
convoy. 

2.  Command,  lead,  govern,  preside  over. 

3.  Manage,  regulate,  carry  on,  direct. 

4.  Lead  (/«  music  or  ceremonial),  direct,  take 
the  lead  in. 

5.  {Phys.)    Carry,  transmit,  propagate. 
Conduction,  ».     {Phys.)    Transmission,  propaga- 
tion, carrying. 

Conductivity,  ».     {Phys.)   Power  of  transmission 

or  propagation. 
Conduct  one's  self.    Behave,  act,  demean  one's 

self,  acquit  one's  self. 
Conductor,  n     I.   Leader,  guide. 

2.  Manager,  director,  leader. 

3.  {Phys.)    Transmitter,  propagator. 
Conduit,  n.    Channel,  canal,  duct,  passage,  pipe, 

tube. 

Cone-shaped,  a.    Coniform. 

Confabulate,  v.  n.  {Rare.)  Chat,  prattle,  chat- 
ter, prate,  babble,  gossip,  talk  freely,  have  a  free 
and  easy  talk. 

Confabulation,  «.  {Rare.)  Prattle,  gossip,  prate, 
chat,  chit-chat,  easy  conversation,  free  and  easy 
talk,  causerie. 

Confect,  n.    Sweetmeat.    See  Confection. 

Confection,  «.     Sweetmeat,  confect,  comfit. 

Confectionery,  n.      I.   Sweetmeats,  confections, 
confects,  comfits,  candies. 
2.   Confectioner's  shop. 

Confederacy,  «.  Confederation  {especially  o/  in- 
dependent states),  federation,  league,  coalition, 
alliance,  union,  federal  compact. 

Confederate,  v.  a.     Ally,  league,  combine,  unite. 

Confederate,  v.  n.     Unite,  be  leagued,  be  allied. 

Confederate,/,  and  a.  Confederated,  leagued, 
federated,  allied,  united  in  federal  compact. 

Confederate,  n.  Accomplice,  abettor,  accessory, 
associate,  ailly. 

Confederation,  «.      League.     See  Confederacy. 

Confer,  v.  n.  Converse,  discourse,  parley,  advise, 
talk,  hold  a  conference,  talk  together,  compare 
notes,  interchange  views. 

Confer,  v.  a.  \_Appropr lately  used  when  the  gift 
is  from,  a  person  of  superior  rank  to  another  of 
lower  rank.'\     Bestow,  give,  grant,  vouchsafe. 

Conference,  «.  (Now  rare.)  I.  Conversation, 
discourse,  talk. 

2.  Meeting  for  consultation,  interview,  collo- 
quy, parley. 

Confess,  v.  a.  I.  Acknowledge  [as  a  crime  or 
fault),  own,  avow,  admit. 

2.  Admit,  grant,  concede,  recognize. 

3.  {Poetical.)  Attest,  prove,  show,  exhibit, 
manifest,  be  proof  of. 

4.  Receive  or  hear  one's  confession  {as  a 
priest),  shrive. 

Confess,  v.   n.      Acknowledge    one's  sins    {to  a 

priest),  go  to  the  confessional. 
Confession,  n.     I.    Acknowledgment,  admission, 

avowal. 


CONFESSIONAL 


90 


CONFUTATION 


2.  (Secret)  acknowledgment  of  one's  sins  (/<?  a 
priest). 
Conlessionalf  n.     Confession-chair,  confessionary, 

shriving-pew. 
Confessor,  n.     I.  Persecuted  saint,  faithful  be- 
h'ever. 

2.   Shriver,  confessing  priest,  ghostly  or  spirit- 
ual adviser. 
Confidanty  masc.  \  n.       Bosom-friend,     intimate, 
Confidante,  fem.  \      dear,  or  confidential  friend. 
Confide,  v.  a.    Trust,    intrust,  commit,  consign, 

give  in  trust. 
Confide  in.     Trust,  depend  upon,  rely  upon,  put 
faith  in,  have  confidence  in,  repose  confidence  m. 
Confidence,  «.     I.  Trust,  faith,  belief,  reliance, 
dependence. 

2.  Boldness,  courage,  intrepidity,  assurance, 
firmness,  self-reliance. 

3-   Secret,  private  or  confidential  communica- 
tion. 
4.   Intimacy,  confidential  relations. 
Confident,  a.     I.  Assured,  certain,  sure,  positive, 
fully  convinced,  cocksure  {colloq.). 
2.    Bold,  presumptuous,  sanguine. 
Confidential,  a.     I.    Private,  not  to  be  disclosed, 
not  to  be  communicated. 
2.   Trusty,  faithful,  to  be  trusted. 
Confidentially,   ad.       Privately,    in    confidence, 
under  the  rose,  between  ourselves,  between  you 
and  me,  j«^  rosa,  entre  nous. 
Configuration,  «.     Form,   figure,  shape,   confor- 
mation, outline. 
Confine,  «      Boundary,  border,  limit,  frontier. 
Confine,  v.  a.     I.    Restrain,  shut  up,  shut  in. 

2.  Imprison,  immure,  incarcerate. 

3.  Limit,  circumscribe,  bound,  restrict 
Confinement,  ».     I.    Restraint. 

2.  Imprisonment,  incarceration,  captivity,  du- 
ress, durance. 

3.  Lying-in,  childbed,  delivery,  parturition, 
childbirth. 

Confines,  «.  //.  Boundaries,  borders,  edges, 
limits,  marches,  frontiers,  precincts,  remote 
regions. 

Confirm,  v.  a.  I.  Establish,  fix,  settle,  assure, 
make  firm. 

2.  Strengthen,  add  strength  to. 

3.  Corroborate,  substantiate,  verify. 

4.  Ratify,  sanction,  bind. 

5.  Admit  to  the  Communion,  invest  with  full 
membership  in  the  church. 

Confirmation,  «.     I.   Settlement,  establishment. 

2.  Corroboration,  substantiation,  verification, 
proof. 

3.  Ratification,  sanction. 

4.  Admission  to  the  Communion,  full  investi- 
ture (^ivith  the  privileges  of  the  church). 

Confirmatory,  a.     Corroborating,  corroborative. 

Confiscate,  v.  a.  Cause  to  be  forfeited,  condemn 
to  public  use. 

Confiscation,  ».  Forfeiting,  condemnation  to 
public  use. 

Conflagration,  «.    Great  burning,  general  fire. 

Conflict,  V.  n.  Clash,  interfere,  be  inconsistent 
or  inharmonious,  be  contrary,  be  opposed. 

Conflict,  «.  I.  Struggle,  encounter,  contest,  com- 
bat, battle,  fight,  collision,  strife  in  arms. 

2.  Clashing,  interference,  inconsistency,  antag- 
onism, opposition,  disagreement,  discord,  in- 
harmony. 

Confluence,  «.  I.  Meeting,  junction,  conflux, 
union,  flowing  together. 

2.  Concourse,  assembly,  assemblage,  congre- 
gation, multitude,  crowd,  collection,  throng, 
army,  host,  swarm,  horde. 

Confluent,  a.  Meeting,  blending,  commingling, 
mingling,  flowing  together. 


Conflux,  n.  I.  Confluence,  meeting,  union,  flow- 
ing together. 

2.  Collection,  multitude,  concourse,  crowd, 
throng.     See  Confluence,  2. 

Conform,  v.  a.  Make  conformable,  bring  into 
compiiance,  adjust,  adapt. 

Conform,  v.  «.     I.   Comply,  yield  assent. 

2.  Agree,  harmonize,  tally,  square,  correspond, 
comport. 

3.  Comply  with  the  usages  of  the  Church  (0/ 
England). 

Conformable  to.  I.  Resembling,  similar  to,  cor- 
responding to,  like. 

2.  Agreeable  to,  suitable  to,  consistent  with. 

3.  Compliant  with,  submissive  to,  obedient  to, 
obsequious  towards. 

Conformation,  n.     I.  Accordance,  compliance, 

agreement,  conformity. 
2.   Configuration,  structure,  form,  figure,  shape, 

manner  tfr  mode  of  formation. 
Conformity,  «.    I.  Accordance,  agreement,  con- 

gruity,  harmony. 

2.  Correspondence,  likeness,  similitude,  re- 
semblance. 

3.  Yielding,  submission,  obedience,  compli- 
ance with  the  will  of. 

4.  Compliance  with  the  usages  of  the  Church 
(fif  England). 

Confound,  v.  a.  I.  Mingle  confusedly,  confuse, 
crowd  together  in  disorder. 

2.  Confuse  with  each  other,  mistake  one  for 
another,  mistake  between. 

3.  Perplex,  bewilder,  embarrass,  mystify,  pose, 
nonplus,  flurry. 

4.  Surprise,  amaze,  astonish,  astound,  stupefy, 
bewilder,  stun,  startle,  dumfounder,  paralyze, 
take  by  surprise,  strike  with  wonder,  strike 
dumb,  petrify  with  wonder. 

5.  Destroy,  overthrow,  ruin,  overwhelm,  cast 
down,  demolish,  annihilate,  bring  to  nought. 

6.  Abash,  confuse,  disconcert,  discompose, 
shame,  mortify. 

Confounded,  a.  (jColloq.)  I.  Miserable,  horrid, 
shameful. 

2.  Exceeding,  excessive,  enormous,  great, 
monstrous. 

3.  Odious,  detestable,  hateful,  abominable, 
cursed. 

Confront,  z'.  a.  I.  Face,  stand  in  front  of,  stand 
over  against,  be  opposite  to. 

2.  Oppose,  stand  opposed,  challenge,  threaten, 
encounter,  stand  athwart  the  path  of,  rise  in  hos- 
tility before. 

3.  Bring  face  to  face,  bring  into  the  pres- 
ence of. 

Confuse,  z/.  a.  I.  Mingle,  intermingle,  mix,  blend, 
confound. 

2.  Disorder,  disarrange,  derange,  disturb,  jum- 
ble, throw  into  disorder  or  confusion. 

3.  Perplex,  obscure,  darken,  render  uncer- 
tain. 

4.  Mystify,  embarrass,  pose,  nonplus,  be- 
wilder, flurry. 

5.  Abash,  shame,  mortify,  discompose,  dis- 
concert, confound. 

Confusion,  n.  I.  Confusedness,  disorder,  disar- 
rangement, derangement,  disarray,  jumble,  chaos, 
anarchy, 

2.  Tumult,  turmoil,  commotion,  ferment,  stir, 
agitation. 

3.  Distraction,  perplexity,  embarrassment, 
bewilderment,  astonishment. 

4.  Shame,  mortification,  abashment,  embar- 
rassment. 

5.  Overthrow,  destruction,  defeat,  ruin,  anni' 
hilation.  demolition. 

Confutation,  n.    Refutation,  disproof! 


CONFUTE 


91 


CONQUEROR 


Confute,  V.   a,      I.   Overthrow   (fiv    argument), 

overcome  (m  debate),  convict  of  error,   put  to 

silence,  silence. 
2.   Disprove,  refute,  prove  to  be  false. 
Cong^,  «.  [Fr.]     Leave,  farewell. 
Congeal,  v.  a.     Freeze,  turn  or  convert  to  ice. 
Congeal,  v.  «.     Freeze,  be  or  become  frozen,  turn 

or  be  converted  into  ice. 
Congelation,  «.     Freezing. 
Congener,  «.     Kindred,  allied  or  cognate  species, 

or  objects. 
Congenial,  a.     I.    Kindred,  similar,  sympathetic. 

2.  Suited,  adapted,  proper,  suitable,   natural, 
agreeable. 

3.  Favorable,  agreeable,  genial,  {jsaid  of  cli- 
mate, etc.). 

Congenital,  a.  Connate,  connatural,  inborn, 
coeval  with  birth,  existing  at  or  from  birth. 

Congeries,  «.  Aggregate,  aggregation,  agglomera- 
tion, conglomeration,  compages,  compage,  crowd, 
cluster,  crowded  series. 

Congestion,  »•  {Med.)  Repletion,  plethora  {pf 
blood). 

Conglomerate,  «.     Pudding-stone. 

Conglomeration,  n.     See  Congeries. 

Congratulate,  v.  a.  Felicitate,  compliment,  grat- 
ulate,  wish  joy  to,  rejoice  with. 

Congratulation,  «.    Felicitation,  gratulation. 

Congratulatory,  a.     Gratulatory. 

Congregate,  v,  a.  Assemble,  collect,  muster, 
gather,  convene,  convoke,  bring  together. 

Congregate,  v.  n.  Assemble,  meet,  collect,  mus- 
ter, gather,  convene,  throng,  come  or  crowd  to- 
gether, come  together,  meet  together. 

Congregation,  n.    Assembly,  meeting,  collection. 

Congress,  n.  I.  Meeting,  assembly,  convention, 
council,  conference. 

2.   National  legislature  \of  the  U.  S.\,  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives. 

Congrnity,  n.  Suitableness,  agreement,  fitness, 
consistency,  conformity. 

Congruous,  a.  I.  Accordant,  agreeing,  suitable, 
consistent,  consonant,  compatible 

2.   Proper,   fit,    befitting,    appropriate,    meet, 
seemly. 

Conical,  a.    Coniform,  cone-shaped. 

Coniform,  a.     Conical,  cone-shaped. 

Conjectural,  a  Presumptive,  surmised,  hypo- 
thetical, theoretical,  suppositional. 

Conjectlire,  «.  Supposition,  surmise,  guess,  hy- 
pothesis, theory. 

Conjecture,  v.  a.  Surmise,  guess,  suppose,  di- 
vine, suspect. 

Conjecture,  v,  n.  Surmise,  guess,  suppose, 
suspect,  fancy,  dare  say,  take  it,  hazard 
the  conjecture. 

Conjoin,  v,  a.  Join,  unite,  combine,  connect, 
associate,  join  together. 

Conjoint,  a.  Joined,  united,  combined,  connected, 
associated. 

Conjugal,  a.  Matrimonial,  connubial,  nuptial, 
bridal,  hymeneal. 

Conjugates,  «.  pi.  Words  of  the  same  derivation, 
kindred  words. 

Conjunction,  n.  I.  Union,  association,  combina- 
tion, connection,  conjoining. 

2.  (Astron.)    Appursnt  mee'mg  {of  two  stars 
or  planets). 

3.  {Gram.)      Connective,    connecting    word, 
connective  particle. 

Conjuncture,  n.     I.  Combination,  concurrence. 
2.   Crisis,  emergency,  exigency,  juncture,  criti- 
cal occasion. 
Conjuration,  n.     I.  Adjuration,  solemn  summons 
or  imploration,  conjuring. 

2.    Magic,  sorcery,   incantation,  enchantment, 
spell,  magic  spelL 


Conjure,  v.  a.  Beseech,  supplicate,  beg,  pray, 
entreat,  implore,  enjoin  solemnly.  See 
Adjure. 

Conjure,  v.  a.  Charm,  enchant,  bewitch,  fasci- 
nate, affect  by  magic  arts. 

Conjure,  v.  «.  Juggle,  practise  magic  or  sorcery, 
play  tricks. 

Conjurer,  «•  Juggler,  enchanter,  sorcerer,  magi- 
cian, necromancer,  diviner,  seer,  wizard,  charmer, 
exorcist. 

Conjure  up.  I.  Summon  by  enchantment,  raise 
up  by  magic. 

2.  Rajse  by  eflEort,  produce  by  artificial  effort, 
bring  forward  by  pretence. 

Connate,  a.  Congenital,  connatural,  inborn,  coeval 
with  birth,  existing  at  or  from  birth. 

Connect,  v.  a.  Join,  unite,  combine,  conjoin,  asso- 
ciate, couple,  link  together. 

Connect,  v.  n.  I.  Join,  unite,  cohere,  be  joined, 
have  relation. 

2.  Be  connected,  communicate,  lead  into  each 
other. 

Connected,  a.  I.  Joined,  united,  associated, 
coupled. 

2.  Related,  akin,  allied. 

3.  Communicating,  leading  one  into  the 
other. 

Connection,  n.  I.  Union,  alliance,  junction,  asso< 
elation,  dependence. 

2.  Intercourse,  communication,  commerce. 

3.  Sexual  commerce. 

4.  Affinity,  relationship. 

5.  Kinsman,  relativej  relation,  kindred. 
Connective,  n.     Connecting  word  or  particle,  con- 
junction or  preposition. 

Conner,  «.  Blue  perch,  cunner,  burgall,  chogset 
{N.  Eng.). 

Connivance,  ».  I.  Voluntary  blindness  {to  an 
act),  pretended  ignorance,  forbearance  of  disap- 
proval, winking  at,  blinking. 

2.  Tacit  consent,  secret  approval,  indirect  or 
underhand  or  remote  participation,  secret  and 
indirect  abettal. 

Connive  at.  I.  Purposely  overlook,  make  light 
of,  pretend  not  to  see,  shut  one's  eyes  to,  for- 
bear to  censure,  wink  at,  blink. 

2.  Be  knowing  or  consenting  to,  secretly  and 
indirectly  promote,  allow  by  inaction. 

Connoisseur,  «.  Critic,  critical  judge,  man  of 
good  taste  {as  distinguished  from  the  dilettante, 
who  merely  pretends  to  good  taste). 

Connotation,  n.  (Log.)  Meaning,  intension, 
comprehension,  depth,  intent,  force,  sum  of  at- 
tributes expressed  or  implied. 

Connotative,  a.    {Log.)    I.  Comprising  as  attri- 
butes, expressing,  implying. 
2.   Attributive,  descriptive. 

Connote,  v.  a.  {Log.)  Express  or  imply  as  at- 
tributes, include  in  its  meaning,  comprise  among 
its  attributes,  imply. 

Connubial,  a.  Matrimonial,  conjugal,  nuptial, 
hymeneal,  bridal. 

Conquer,  v.  a.  I.  Vanquish,  subdue,  overcome, 
subjugate,  defeat,  overthrow,  overpower,  beat, 
rout,  discomfit,  checkmate,  master,  subject,  re- 
duce, humble,  crush,  get  the  better  of,  put  down, 
prevail  over,  get  the  upper  hand  of,  get  the  whip 
hand  of,  have  on  the  hip. 

2.  Surmount,  overcome. 

3.  Gain  by  effort,  win  by  victory. 
Conquer,  v.  n.    Prevail,  overcome,  succeed^  win, 

triumph,  be  triumphant,  win  success,  gam  the 
victory. 
Conqueror,  «.     I.   Vanquisher,  subjugator,   sub- 
duer,  humbler. 

2.  Victor,  superior,  winner,  successful  con' 
testant. 


CONQUEST 


92 


CONSONANT 


ConQnestf  n.  I.  Subjugation,  subjection,  mastery, 
reduction,  overthrow,  rout,  defeat,  discomfiture, 

2.  Victory,  triumph, 

3.  Winning,  victorious  establishment. 
Consanguillity,  «,     Relationship  (dy  blood),  kin- 
dred, kin,  blood-kindred,  blood-relationship. 

Conscience,  «.  Moral  sense,  moral  faculty,  the 
still  small  voice. 

Conscientious,  a.  Scrupulous,  exact,  upright, 
honest,  just,  honorable,  fair,  uncorrupt,  incor- 
ruptible, faithful,  careful,  high-minded,  straight- 
forward. 

Conscious,  a,  I.  Knowing,  sentient,  percipient, 
intelligent. 

2.  Thinking,  intellectual,  reflecting,  self-con- 
scious, rational,  reasoning. 

3.  Sensible,  aware,  cognizant,  apprised.  {.Of- 
ten preceded  by  inwardly.] 

4.  Inwardly  known,  clearly  felt,  self-admitted, 
self-accusing. 

Conscription,  «.  Compulsory  enrolment  or  reg- 
istry or  registration  {/or  service  in  -war). 

Consecrate,  v.  a.  I.  Dedicate,  devote,  ordain, 
set  apart  as  sacred,  appropriate  to  sacred  uses. 

2.  Hallow,  sanctify,  make  or  render  venera- 
ble or  reverend. 

Consecration,  «.     Dedication,  devotion. 

Consecution,  n.     I.   Succession,  series,  successive 
appearance. 
2.   Connection,  linking  together. 

Consecutive,  a.  Successive,  uninterrupted,  con- 
tinuous, succeeding  regularly,  following  in  a 
series. 

Consecutive  to.  Following,  succeeding,  coming 
after,  following  upon. 

Consensus,  «.  Agreement,  unanimity,  concord, 
consent,  unison,  according  or  consenting  judg- 
ment. 

Consent,  «.     I.   Concurrence,  assent,  approval. 

2.  Concord,  accord,  agreement,  unison,  con- 
sensus, co-operation,  harmony,  coherence. 

3.  Acquiescence,  compliance. 

Consent,  v.  n.  I.  Agree  {as  to  a  matter  of  con- 
duct)^ assent,  concur,  yield  assent,  give  consent. 
2.   Yield,  comply,  acquiesce,  accede. 

Consequence,  «.  I.  Effect,  result,  issue,  event, 
end. 

2.  Deduction,  inference,  conclusion. 

3.  Connection,  concatenation,  consecution, 
chain  of  cause  and  effect,  dependence  of  cause 
and  effect. 

4.  Importance,  moment,  weight,  interest, 
concern. 

5.  Importance,  distinction,  standing,  influence, 
weight. 

Consequent^  a.    I.   Following,  consequential,  re- 
sulting. 
2.  Deducible,  inferable  or  inferrible. 
Consequent,    «•       I.     Following    or    succeeding 
event,  second  or  after  term. 
2.   Deduction,  conclusion,  inference. 
Consequential!  a.     I.    Following,  consequent,  re- 
sulting. 

2.   Pompous,  conceited,    self-sufficient,   vain- 
glorious, self-important. 
Conservation,  «.     Preservation,  maintenance. 
Conservative,  a.    I.   Preservative,    conservatory. 

2.  Opposed  to  change. 
Conservator,  «.     Preserver,  protector,  guardian. 
Conservatory,  «.    {Rare.)     I.   Repository,  store- 
house, receptacle. 

2.  Greenhouse. 

3.  School,  institute,  conservatoire. 
Conserve,  v.  a.    Preserve,  save,   keep,  protect, 

maintain. 
Conserve,  «.     Preserve,  confection,  comfit,  sweet- 
meat, jam. 


Consider,  v.  a.  I,  Contemplate,  ponder,  study, 
examine,  weigh,  mind,  heed,  mark,  reflect  upon, 
be  attentive  to,  give  or  pay  attention  to,  give 
heed  to,  take  into  consideration,  give  a  thought 
to,  keep  in  view. 

2.  Respect,  regard,  consult,  care  for,  have 
regard  to,  have  reference  to,  take  into  ac- 
count. 

Consider,  y.  n.  Deliberate,  reflect,  meditate,  pon- 
der, ruminate,  muse,  cogitate,  think,  take  thought, 
cast  about. 

Considerable,  «.  I.  Respectable,  worthy  of  con- 
sideration. 

2.  Moderately  large,  not  small,  not  little,  a 
good  deal  of. 

Considerate,  a.  I.  Thoughtful,  deliberate,  seri- 
ous, discrete,  prudent,  provident,  circumspect, 
judicious,  sober,  staid. 

2.  Thoughtfully  kind,  forbearing,  charitable, 
patient. 

Consideration,  «.  I.  Attention,  notice,  heed, 
regard,  reflection,  deliberation,  meditation,  seri- 
ous thought,  contemplation. 

2.  Importance,  consequence,  weight,  moment, 
import,  significance. 

3.  Reason,  motive,  ground,  account,  score, 
sake,  cause. 

Considering,  prep.    Taking  into  account,  allowing 

for,  making  allowance  for. 
Consign,  v.  a.    I.  Transfer,   deliver  over,  hand 

over,  resign. 
2.   Intrust,  commit,  give  in  trust,  or  charge. 
Consignee,   «.      Agent,  factor,  receiver  {of  goods 

shipped), 

Consifnorl  }  **'    lender,  shipper,  transmitter. 

Consignment,  «.     I.    Sending,  shipping. 
2.   Goods  shipped,  amount  shipped. 

Consilience,  n.  Concurrence,  coincidence,  con- 
juncture. 

Consistence,  n.  I.  Consistency,  body,  degree  of 
density. 

2.  (Rare.)    Durability,  permanence. 

3.  {Rare.)  Structure,  combination,  organ- 
ization. 

Consistency,  «.    I.  Consistence,  degree  of  density. 
2.   Congruity,   agreement,   compatibility,  con- 
formableness, correspondence. 
Consistent,  a.      Compatible,   suitable    accordant, 
conformable,     congruous,     harmonious,      corre- 
spondent. 
Consist  in.    Lie  In,  be  contained  in,  be  comprised 

in,  be  constituted  by. 
Consist  of.      Be  made  ot   be  composed    of,  be 

formed  of,  be  made  up  of,  be  constituted  of. 
Consist  with.     Suit,  become,  befit,  agree  with,  be 
compatible  with,  be  in  accordance  with,  be  con- 
sistent with. 
Consolation,  «.      Solace,  comfort,  encouragement, 

alleviation  of  sorrow,  relief  from  distress. 
Consolatory,  a.     Consoling,  comforting. 
Console,  v.  a.     Solace,  comfort,  cheer,  encourage, 

soothe,  relieve  from  distress. 
Console,  ».     {Arch^     Bracket,  ancone,  corbel. 
Consolidate,  v.  a.     I.    Condense,  compact,   com- 
press, harden,  solidify,  make  solid,  make  firm. 
2.   Conjoin,  combine,  unite  into  one. 
Consolidation,  n.     I.    Solidification. 

2.    Union,  combination. 
Consols,  n.  pl.      Consolidated    annuities  {of  the 

English  Government). 
Consonance ,  1  «.     I.   Concord,  accord,  harmony. 
Consonancy,  I         2.   Consistency,  congruity,  con- 
gruence,    agreement,    unison,     accord,     accord- 
ance. 
Consonant,  a.      I.  Accordant,  according,   harmo- 
nious, in  harmony. 


CONSONANT 


93 


CONTAMINATE 


2.  Consistent,  congruous,  compatible,  accord- 
ant, in  harmony. 

Consonant,  n.     Articulation. 

Consort,  «.  Companion  (^especially  a  wife  or 
a  husband  or  one  vessel  of  a  Jleet),  partner, 
associate. 

Consort  with.  Associate  with,  keep  company 
with. 

ConspectOS,  «.  [L.]  Outline,  epitome,  abstract, 
summary,  compend,  compendium,  synopsis,  syl- 
labus, digest,  brief,  breviary,  general  view. 

Conspicuous,  a.  I.  Visible,  discernible,  percepti- 
ble, apparent,  noticeable,  plain,  clear,  iu  plain 
sight. 

2.  Eminent,  pre-eminent,  prominent,  distin- 
guished, remarkable,  noted,  celebrated,  marked, 
famed,  famous,  illustrious. 

Conspiracy,  n.  Plot,  combination,  cabal,  com- 
plot,  intrigue,  machination. 

Conspire,  v.  n.  I.  Co-operate,  conduce,  tend, 
concur. 

2.  Combine  {/or  some  evil  desi^yt),  plot,  con- 
federate, intrigue,  cabal. 

Conspire,  v.  a.  Plot,  contrive,  devise,  project, 
compass. 

Constancy,  n.  I.  Stability,  immutability,  un- 
changeableness,  permanence. 

2.  Uniformity,  regularity. 

3.  Inflexibility,  steadiness,  steadfastness,  firm- 
ness, resolution,  determination,  decision,  tenac- 
ity of  purpose. 

^  4.   Fidelity,  faithfulness,  loyalty,  truth,  devo- 
tion. 
Constant,  a.      I.   Stable,   fixed,  immutable,   un- 
varied,    invariable,      unchanging,     permanent, 
perpetual. 

2.  Uniform,  regular,  stated,  certain. 

3.  Resolute,  firm,  steady,  steadfast,  stanch, 
determined,  unshaken,  unwavering. 

4.  Persevering,  assiduous,  unremitting. 

5.  Incessant,  uninterrupted,  unbroken,  per- 
petual, continuous,  continual. 

6.  Faithful,  true,  trusty,  loyal,  devoted. 
Constellation,  n.     I.   Group  of  stars. 

2.   Collection,  assemblage,  cluster,  galaxy. 
Consternation,    n.      Alarm,    amazement,    terror, 

horror,  fright,  dismay,  panic,  sudden  fear. 
Constipate,  v.  a.     Make  costive. 
Constipated,  a.     Costive. 
Constipation,  n.    Costiveness. 
Constituent,  a.     I.    Forming,  composing,  consti- 
tuting, component. 
2.   Appointing,  electoral. 
Constituent,  «.     I.  Component,  element,  princi- 
ple, ingredient,  component  part. 
2.    Elector,  voter. 
Constitute,  z'.  a.    I.  Form,  compose,  make,  make 
up,  enter  into  the  composition  of. 

2.  Appoint,  depute,  empower. 

3.  Set  up,  establish,  enact,  fix. 
Constitution,  «.     I.    Formation,  organization. 

2.  Quality,  character,  temper,  temperament, 
spirit,  humor,  peculiarity,  characteristic. 

3.  Charter  of  government,  fundamental  law, 
organic  law. 

Constitutional,  a.  I.  Natural,  inherent,  inbred, 
inborn,  innate,  connate,  congenital,  organic. 

2.  Legal,  lawful,  legitimate,  consistent  with 
the  constitution. 

Constrain,  v.  a.  I.  Compel,  force,  drive,  oblige, 
coerce. 

2.  Confine,  restrain,  inthrall,  hold,  curb,  put 
under  restraint,  keei>  down,  keep  under. 

3.  Urge,  impel,  draw,  draw  urgently  or  irre- 
sistibly. 

Constraint,  «.  I.  Compulsion,  force,  necessity, 
obligation,  coercion. 


2.  Confinement,  restraint,  imprisonment,  in- 
carceration, iuthralment,  durance,  duress,  cap- 
tivity. 

Constrict,  v.  a.     Cramp,  contract,  compress. 

Cons'oiction,  «.     Contraction,  compression. 

Construct,  v.  a.  I.  Fabricate,  build,  erect,  raise, 
set  up,  put  together. 

2.  Organize,  institute,  originate,  invent,  ar- 
range, make,  form,  frame. 

Constructor,  n.     Builder. 

Construction,  n.  I.  fabrication,  erection,  build- 
ing. 

2.  Structure,  formation,  conformation,  con- 
figuration, form,  figure,  shape,  mode  of  con- 
structing. 

3.  Interpretation,  explanation,  version,  ren- 
dering. 

Construe,  v.  a.  Interpret,  explain,  expound, 
translate,  render,  put  an  interpretation  upon. 

ConsuI)Stantiation,  ».  Impanation  (Jhe  Luthe- 
ran doctrine  of  the  Eucharist). 

Consuetudinaiy,  a.  {Rare.)  Usual,  common, 
wonted,  customary,  accustomed,  conventional. 

Consulate,  n.  Consulship,'  consular  office,  con- 
sular government,  consular  term. 

ConsulsMp,  «.     See  Consulate. 

Consult,  V.  n.  [Followed  by  with.'\  I.  Confer, 
seek  counsel,  take  counsel,  deliberate. 

2.  {Used absolutely, \  Take  counsel  (together), 
confer,  deliberate  together. 

Consult,  V.  a.  I.  Ask  advice  of,  seek  informa- 
tion from. 

2.  Consider,  regard,  care  for,  have  reference 
to,  have  regard  to,  take  into  account 

Consultation,  n.  I.  Consulting,  making  in- 
quiry, seeking  the  advice. 

2.  Conference,  deliberation. 

3.  Council,  meeting  for  deliberation. 
Consume,  v.  a.     Destroy,   waste,   spend,   expend, 

exhaust,  devour,  lavish,  squander,  dissipate,  use 
up. 

Consume,  v.  n.  Waste  away,  be  exhausted,  per- 
ish, decay,  vanish  out  of  being 

Consumedly,  ad.  Hugely,  extremely,  greatly,  ex- 
haustingly,  tremendously. 

Consummate,  v.  a.  Complete,  finish,  perfect,  ac- 
complish, compass,  effect,  perform,  achieve,  ex- 
ecute, do,  carry  out,  bring  about,  work  out. 

Consummate,  a.  Complete,  perfect,  finished, 
supreme. 

Consummation,  «.  Completion,  termination,  fin- 
ishing, close,  accomplishment,  fulfilment,  achieve- 
ment, realization,  last  stroke,  finishing  stroke, 
last  finish,  final  touch,  crowning  touch. 

Consumption,  n.  I.  Extinction,  destruction, 
waste,  expenditure,  use,  using  up. 

2.  Phthisis,  marasmus,  atrophy,  decline,  tabes, 
gradual  wasting,  propessive  emaciation. 

Contact,  «.  Touch,  juxtaposition,  junction,  con- 
tiguity, close  union. 

Contagion,  «.  I.  Infection,  communication  of 
disease  {by  contact,  direct  or  indirect). 

2.  Contagious  matter,  disease-germs,  virus, 
contagium. 

3.  Contamination,  taint,  corruption,  infection. 

4.  Pestilential  influence,  poisonous  exhala- 
tions, pestilence,  poisoned  air. 

Contagious,  a,     I.   infectious,  catching. 

2.   Pestilential,  pestiferous,  poisonous,  deadly. 
Contain,^  v.  a.     I.   Comprehend,  comprise,  em- 
brace, include,  embody. 

2.  Hold,  have  capacity  for. 

3.  Restrain,  keep  in  check. 

Contain.  7>.  n.     Be  continent,  live  in  continence. 
Contaminate,  v.  a.     Defile,  pollute,  corrupt,  taint, 

infect,    poison,    vitiate,    sully,      tarnish,     soil, 

suin. 


CONTAMINATION 


94 


CONTRACT 


Contamination,  n.    I.   Contaminating,  polluting, 

pollution,  defiling,  defilement,  etc.    See  the  verb. 

2.   Taint,  stain,  infection,   impurity,   foulness, 

uncleauness,  abomination,  pollution,  defilement. 

Contemn,  v.  a.  Despise,  disdain,  scorn,  scout, 
spurn,  slight,  hold  in  contempt,  look  down  upon, 
turn  a  cold  shoulder  upon,  turn  up  one's  nose  at, 
snap  one's  fingers  at,  laugh  to  scorn,  point  the 
finger  of  scorn  at. 

Contemplate,  v  a.  I.  Gaze  upon,  view  atten- 
tively, look  abroad  upon,  survey. 

2.  Study,  ponder,  survey,  meditate  on,  dwell 
on,  think  about,  reflect  upon,  muse  on,  consider 
attentively,  revolve  in  the  mind. 

3.  Intend,  purpose,  design,  think  of,  have  iu 
view,  have  in  contemplation,  look  forward  to. 

Contemplation,  «.  I.  Reflection,  meditation, 
cogitation,  deliberation,  study,  thought,  specula- 
tion, pondering. 

2.  View,  prospect,  prospective. 

3.  Expectation,  prospect,  view. 
Contemplative,  a.    Thoughtful,  studious,  given  to 

contemplation,  meditative,  musing. 

Contemporaneous,  a.     Contemporary. 

Contemjwrary,  a.    Contemporaneous. 

Contempt,  n.  I.  Disdain,  scorn,  mockery,  deri- 
sion, contumely,  disregard,  slight,  mean  opinion. 
2.   Shame,  disgrace,  confusion. 

Contemptible,  a.  Despicable,  vile,  low,  mean, 
base,  pitiful,  abject,  worthless,  paltry,  sorry. 

Contemptuous,  a.  Insolent,  scornful,  disdainful, 
supercilious,  haughty. 

Contend,  v.  n.  I.  Strive,  struggle,  combat,  fight, 
vie. 

2.  Debate,  dispute,  argue,  join  issue. 

3.  Maintain,  affirm,  assert,  claim. 
Content,  a.     Satisfied,  contented,  easy  in  mind. 
Content,  v.  a.    Satisfy,  appease,  make  easy,  make 

contented. 

Content,  «.  Satisfaction,  ease,  contentment, 
peace. 

Contented,  a.  Satisfied,  content,  easy  in  mind, 
at  peace. 

Contention,  n.  I.  Strife,  discord,  dissension, 
wrangling,  wrangle,  quarrel,  squabble,  feud,  rup- 
ture, falling  out,  high  words. 

2.  Dispute,  debate,  bickering,  altercation,  con- 
troversy, logomachy,  war  of  words,  strife  oi 
words- 

Contentions,  a,     I.   Quarrelsome,  cross,  petulant, 
perverse,  pugnacious,  litigious,  wrangling. 
2.   Disputatious,  captious,  cavilling. 

Contentment,  «.     Satisfaction,  ease,  content. 

Contents,  «.  //.  !•  What  is  contained,  filling, 
filling  up. 

2.  Solid  dimensions,  capacity,  volume,  solid 
contents. 

3.  Topics,  matters  treated,  subjects  consid- 
ered, table  of  contents. 

Conterminous,  a.  I.  Adjoining,  adjacent,  con- 
tiguous, bordering  upon. 

2.  Identical  in  limits,  of  identical  boundaries, 
co-extensive,  coincident,  commensurate. 

Contest,  V.  a.  I.  Dispute,  controvert,  argue, 
debate,  litigate,  contend  against,  call  in  question. 

2.  Strive  to  hold,  struggle  to  defend. 

3.  Contend  for,  strive  to  carry,  compete  for, 
make  the  object  of  competition  or  rivalry  or 
emulation. 

Contest,  V.  n.  Contend,  strive,  struggle,  vie, 
fight,  compete,  cope. 

Contest,  n.  I.  Dispute,  altercation,  debate,  con- 
troversy, contention,  quarrel,  difference,  high 
words,  strife  of  words,  war  of  words. 

2.  Struggle,  battle,  conflict,  fight,  combat,  en- 
counter, rencounter,  strife  in  arms. 

3.  Competition,  rivalry,  contention. 


Context,  n.  Words  immediately  preceding  or  fol- 
lowing, adjoining  matter,  connection,  connected 
thought  or  thoughts. 

Contexture,  «.  Constitution,  structure,  frame- 
work, texture,  composition,  mode  of  formation. 

Contiguity,  n.  I.  Contact,  touching,  meeting, 
juxtaposition,  proximity,  nearness. 

2.  Continuity,  continuous  stretch,  expanse, 
unbroken  extent. 

Contiguous,  a.  Touching,  meeting,  conterminous, 
adjacent,  adjoining,  in  contact. 

Continence,  «.  I.  Chastity,  restraint  of  sexual 
appetite. 

2.  Self-command  {in  general)^  self-control, 
moderation,  temperance. 

Continent,  a.  I.  Chaste,  temperate  in  sexual 
passion,  free  from  lust. 

2.  Temperate  {in  generoT),  moderate,  self- 
commanding,  self-controlled,  restrained. 

Continent,  n.     Mainland,  great  tract  of  land. 

Contingency,  «.  I.  Accidentalness,  fortuity,  un- 
certainty. 

2.  Casualty,  accident,  incident,  occurrence, 
event. 

Contingent,  a.  I.  Accidental,  fortuitous,  inci- 
dental, casual,  happening  by  chance. 

2.  Conditional,  uncertain,  dependent  on  cir- 
cumstances. 

Contingent,  «.  Quota,  proportion,  share,  propor- 
tional part. 

Continual,  a.  I.  Perpetual,  uninterrupted,  un- 
ceasing, incessant,  unremitting,  constant,  con- 
tinuous. 

2.  Perpetual,  endless,  everlasting,  eternal, 
permanent,  unending,  interminable. 

3.  Oft-repeated,  very  frequent,  perpetual,  con- 
stant, constantly  recurring. 

Continuance,  n.  I.  Continuation,  endurance, 
lasting,  persistence. 

2.  Prolongation,  continuation,  extension,  per- 
petuation. 

3.^  Sequence,  succession,  connection,  concat- 
enation. 

4.  Perseverance,  persistence,  constancy,  en- 
durance. 

Continuation,  «.  Extension  {in  time  or  space), 
prolongation,  protraction,  continuance,  perpetua- 
tion. 

Continue,  v.  n.  I.  Remain,  endure,  last,  be 
permanent,  be  durable. 

2.  Abide,  stay,  tarry,  remain. 

3.  Persist,  persevere,  endure,  hold  out,  go  on, 
keep  on,  be  steadfast,  be  constant. 

Continue,  v.  a.  Extend  {in  time  or  s/ace),  pro- 
long, perpetuate. 

Contlouer,  «.     Continuator. 

Continuity,  «.  I.  Cohesion,  close  union,  inti- 
mate connection. 

2.  Unbroken  extent,  contiguity,  uninterrupted 
connection,  uninterrupted  continuance  or  dura- 
tion, ceaselessness,  constant  flow. 

Continuous,  a.  Connected,  continued,  unbroken, 
uninterrupted,  unintermitted. 

Contort,  V.  a.     Twist,  writhe,  distort. 

Contortion,  «.  Twist,  distortion,  wryness,  de- 
formity. 

Contour,  «.    Outline,  profile. 

Contraband,  a.  Prohibited,  illegal,  unlawful, 
illicit. 

Contrat)and,  n.    I.  Illegal  traffic. 
2.    Prohibited  articles. 

Contrabandist,  n.    Smuggler. 

Contract,   v.    a.    I.    Lessen,     shorten,    narrow, 

diminish,     abridge,     reduce,     epitomize,     draw 

together. 
2.    Incur,    make,    get,    take,    catch,    absorb, 

take  in. 


CONTRACT 


95 


CONVERGE 


Contract,  v.  n.  I.  Shrivel,  shrink,  shrink  up, 
draw  in. 

2.  Agree,  stipulate,  bargain,  covenant,  make 
a  bargain. 

Contract,  «.     Compact,  bargain,  stipulation,  cov- 
enant, convention,  concordat,  treaty,  agreement, 
pact,  arrangement- 
Contraction,  ».     I.    Shrinking,  shrivelling,  corru- 
gation, drawing  together,  drawing  in. 

2.  Reduction,  shortening,  diminution,  lessen- 
ing, abridgment,  abbreviation. 

Contradict,  v.  a.  I.  Deny,  gainsay,  dispute,  con- 
trovert, impugn,  traverse. 

2.  Oppose,  contravene,  counteract,  annul, 
abrogate,  traverse,  thwart,  be  contrary  to,  run 
counter  to. 

Contradiction,  «.     I.   Gainsaying,  denial. 

2.  Opposition,  contrariety,  incongruity,  an- 
tagonism, clashing. 

Contradictory,  a.  Opposite,  contrary,  inconsist- 
ent, repugnant. 

Contradistinction,  n.  Distinction  {fiy  opposite 
qualities),  opposition. 

Contradistinguish,  v.  a.  Distinguish  (f>y  opposite 
qualities). 

Contrariety,  «.  Opposition,  repugnance,  antag- 
onism, contradiction,  clashing,  contrast. 

Contrary,  a.  I.  Opposite,  opposing,  adverse, 
opposed,  counter. 

2.  Antagonistic,  conflicting,  contradictory, 
counteracting,  retroactive,  repugnant. 

3.  (Colloq.)  Perverse,  humorsome,  wayward, 
obstinate,  stubborn,  headstrong,  refractory,  un- 
ruly, froward. 

Contrast,  n.  I.  Exhibition  of  differences,  con- 
trasting. 

2.  Opposition,  difference,  striking  difference, 
contrariety. 

Contrast,  v.  a.  Set  off  by  opposition,  exhibit  the 
differences  of. 

Contrast,  v.  n.  Show  difference,  exhibit  a  con- 
trast, stand  out  in  opposition. 

Contrate-Wheel,  ».     Crown-wheel. 

Contravene,  v.  a.  Oppose,  contradict,  counter- 
act, countervail,  thwart,  nullify,  abrogate,  annul, 
cross,  traverse,  obstruct,  defeat,  hinder,  go 
against,  clash  with,  run  counter  to,  militate 
against. 

Contravention,  n.  Contradiction,  opposition,  ob- 
struction, violation,  abrogation,  transgression, 
traversal. 

Contretemps,  «.  [Fr.]  Mishap,  mischance,  ac- 
cident 

Contribute,    v.   a,     I.   Give    (/«    common   with 
others),  grant  or  bestow  (as  a  share). 
2.   Furnish,  supply,  afford. 

Contribute,  v.  «.  Conduce,  minister,  conspire, 
co-operate,  concur,  bear  a  part,  be  helpful. 

Contribution,  ».     I.   Grant  or  bestowment  of  a 
share. 
2.   Gift,  donation,  offering,  subscription. 

Contrite,  a.  Penitent,  repentant,  humble,  broken 
in  spirit. 

ContZltion,  «.  Penitence,  compunction,  remorse, 
repentance,  sorrow,  regret,  self-condemnation, 
self-reproach,  stings  of  conscience,  sorrow  for 
sin. 

Contrivance,  n.  I.  Design,  designing  power,  in- 
ventiveness, invention. 

2.  Invention,  device,  piece  of  mechanism, 
machine. 

3.  Device,  scheme,  plan,  plot,  artifice,  strata- 
gem, coniplot,  machination. 

Contrive,  v.  a.  Devise,  plan,  design,  invent, 
project,  hatch,  brew,  form,  frame,  concoct,  fall 
upon,  hit  upon,  strike  out,  chalk  out. 

Contrive,  v.  ».     I.   Scheme,  plot,  plan,  consider, 


set  one's  wits  to  work,  rack  one's  brains,  cudgel 
one's      brains,     strain     one's     invention,     cast 
about. 
2.   Manage,  make  out. 

Control,  «.  Ascendency,  sway,  command,  rule, 
dominion  government,  mastery,  superintendence, 
direction. 

Control,  V.  a.  I,  Direct,  manage,  regulate,  gov- 
ern, sway,  rule,  reign  over,  command,  superin- 
tend, have  the  direction  of,  have  charge  of. 

2.  Hinder,  check,  repress,  curb,  restrain, 
bridle. 

Controversial,  a.     Polemical. 

Controversialist,  n.  Disputant,  arguer,  debater, 
disputer. 

Controversy,  n.     I.   Discussion,  dispute,  disputa- 
tion,  debate,  polemics,  altercation,   logomachy, 
war  of  words,  strife  of  words. 
2.    Lawsuit,  suit  at  law,  process  in  law. 

Controvert,  v.  a.  Dispute,  contest,  debate,  argue, 
canvass,  contend  against,  call  in  question. 

Contumacious,  a.  Insolently  disobedient,  wil- 
fully  disrespectful,  obstinate,  perverse,  stubborn, 
headstrong,  heady,  dogged,  intractable,  refrac- 
tory, cross-grained,  stiff-necked,  pertinacious, 
obdurate. 

Contumacy,  n.  I.  Obstinacy,  stubbornness, 
doggedness,  perverseness,  pertinacity,  headi- 
ness,  obduracy. 

2.  Disobedience,  insubordination,  insolence, 
disrespect. 

Contumelious,  a.  Abusive,  calumnious,  con- 
temptuous, insolent,  insulting,  rude,  supercili- 
ous, overbearing,  arrogant,  scornful,  disdamful. 

Contumely,  «.  Obloquy,  reproach,  opprobrium, 
abuse,  contemptuousness,  msolence,  rudeness, 
superciliousness,  arrogance,  scorn,  contempt, 
disdain. 

Contuse,  v.  a.     Bruise,  crush,  squeeze. 
i  Contusion,  «.     Bruise. 
I  Convalescence,  «.     Recovery  {of  health). 
I  Convalescent,     a.     Improving    (m    health),    re- 
I      covering. 

Convene,  v.  n  Meet,  assemble,  muster,  congre- 
gate, come  together,  hold  a  session. 

Convene,  v.  a.  Convoke,  summon,  assemble,  col- 
lect, muster,  bring  together,  gather  together,  call 
together. 

Convenience,  «.  I.  Suitableness,  fittess,  pro- 
priety. 

2.  Commodiousness,  accommodation,  satisfac- 
tion, ease,  comfort. 

3.  Cause  of  satisfaction,  source  of  comfort. 

4.  Suitable  opportunity,  comfortable  occasion. 
Convenient,  a.     I.    Fit,  suitable,  proper,  appro- 
priate, adapted,  suited. 

2.  Commodious,  advantageous,  useful,  ser- 
viceable, helpful,  beneficial,  comfortable. 

Convent,  «.  Monastery,  cloister,  abbey,  priory, 
or  nunnery  {as  the  case  may  be). 

Convention,  n.  I.  Assembly,  meeting.  See 
Convocation. 

2.  Contract,  compact,  apreement,  stipulation. 

3.  Conventional  or  arbitrary  arrangement, 
understanding. 

Conventional,  a.  I.  Stipulated,  agreed  on,  bar- 
gained for. 

2.  Usual,  customary,  common,  habitual, 
wonted,  accustomed,  ordinary,  regular,  every- 
day. 

3.  Resting    on    mere    custom    or    arbitrary 
agreement- 
Conventual,  a.     Monastic 

Conventual,  «.  Monk  or  nun  (as  the  case  may 
be). 

Converge,  v.  n.  Tend  to  the  same  point,  ap- 
proach, draw  gradually  together. 


CONVERGENCE 


96 


COPY 


Convergence,  «.  Tendency  to  meet,  gradual 
approach. 

Convergent,    a,     I.    Converging,    gradually    ap- 
proaching, 
2.   {Math.)    Tending  to  a  limit. 

Converging,    a.     l.    Convergent,    gradually    ap- 
proaching. 
2.    (^Math.)     Tending  to  a  limit. 

Conversable,  a.  Sociable,  social,  communicative, 
ajEfable,  free,  unreserved,  open. 

Conversant  about.  Concerned  about  or  with, 
occupied  with,  relate(s)  to,  treat(s)  of. 

Conversant  with.  Acquainted  with,  familiar 
with,  versed  in,  skilled  in,  proficient  in. 

Conversation,  «.  Converse,  talk,  colloquy,  parley, 
conference,  dialogue,  chat,  confabulation,  familiar 
discourse. 

Conversational,  a.    Colloquial. 

Conversative,  a.  Talkative,  inclined  to  conver- 
sation. 

Converse,  v.  «.     I.  Commune,  hold  intercourse. 
2.  Talk,  chat,  confabulate,  discourse  familiarly, 
hold  a  conversation. 

Converse,  ».  I.  Communion,  intercourse,  com- 
merce. 

2.  Talk,  colloquy,  conversation. 

3.  Reverse,  opposite. 

Conversely,  ad.     Reciprocally,  by  conversion. 
Conversion,  «.    I.  Transmutation,  transformation, 
change. 

2.  Interchange,  transposition,  reversal. 

3.  Change  of  religion. 

4.  Change  of  heart,  regeneration,  new  birth. 

5.  Application,  appropriation,  employment. 
Convert,  v.  a.    I.   Transmute,  transform,  change. 

2.  Change  the  heart  of,  regenerate,  create 
anew,  re-create,  renew. 

3.  Interchange,  transpose,  reverse,  turn 
about. 

4.  Appropriate,  apply. 
Convertible,  a.     Interchangeable. 

Convex,  a.  Gibbous,  protuberant,  rounding 
{outwardly). 

Convex  lens.     Burning-glass. 

Convey,  v.  a.  I.  Carry,  bear,  bring,  transmit, 
transport,  waft,  fetch. 

2.  Transfer,  alienate,  abalienate,  consign,  de- 
mise, devolve,  cede,  grant,  devise,  sell,  deliver 
over,  make  over. 

Conveyance,  «.  I.  Transfer,  demise,  alienation, 
cession,  transferrence. 

2.  Transfer,  conveying,  carrying,  carriage, 
transmission. 

3.  Carriage,  vehicle. 

Convict,  V.  a.     I.    Prove  or  find  guilty. 

2.   Convince  {of  sin),  make  sensible,  rouse  to 

a  sense. 
Convict,  n.     Malefactor,  criminal,  felon,  culprit, 

condemned  person. 
Conviction,  «.    I.  Proof  of  guilt,  detection  in  guilt. 

2.  Confutation,  refutation. 

3.  Persuasion,  convincing. 

4.  Firm  persuasion,  settled  belief,  assured 
belief,  ascertained  principle. 

Convince,  v.  a.     Satisfy  (i5y  Proof  or  evidence), 

persuade. 
Convivial,  a.    Festal,  festive,  social,  jovial,  jolly, 

gay. 
Conviviality,  «.    Festivity,  joviality,  jollity,  gay- 

ety,  merry-making. 
Convocation,  «.     I.   Calling  together,  convoking, 

assembling,  summoning. 
2.   Meeting,  assembly,  convention,  congress, 

diet,  synod,  council. 
Convoke,   v-    a.     Convene,    assemble,    summon, 

muster,  call  together,  bring  together. 
Convolute,  a.    {Bot.)     Rolled  together. 


Convolution,  «.     I.   Rolling  together. 

2.   Coil,  fold,  bight. 
Convoy,  v.  a.    Accompany  {/or  protection),  es- 

cort,  attend,  keep  company  with,  go  along  with. 
Convoy,  «.     I.   Attendance  {/or  the  pu7pose  o/ 

protection),  escort. 

2.  Escorting  force,  escort,  guard  {esp.  at  sea). 

3.  Charge  {of  a  convoying /orce),  ships  under 
escort,  train  under  escort. 

Convulse,  v.  a.     I.   Throw  into  spasms. 

2.  Agitate,  shake,  disturb. 
Convulsion,  «.     I,    Spasm,  cramp. 

2.   Agitation,  disturbance,  tumult,  commotion. 
Cook,  V.  a.     I.   Prepare  {/ood)  for  the  table. 

2.   Dress  up,  tamper  with,  color,  give  a  color 
to,  garble,  falsify. 
Cool,  a.     I.   Somewhat  cold,  a  little  cold,  moder- 
ately cold,  rather  cold. 

2.  Unimpassioned,  dispassionate,  collected, 
composed,  self-possessed,  calm,  unruffled,  undis- 
turbed, sedate,  unexcited,  placid,  quiet,  staid. 

3.  Inc"" 
blooded. 


3.    Indifferent,  unconcerned,  lukewarm,  cold 


uke 


4.  Frigid,  chilling,  apathetic,  freezing,  repel- 
lent. 

5.  {Colloq.)    Impudent,    shameless,    selfishly 
self-possessed. 

Cocl,  V.  a.  I.  Refrigerate,  chill,  make  cool,  re- 
duce the  heat  of. 

2.  Allay,  calm,  quiet,  temper,  attemper,  mod- 
erate, abate,  damp. 

Cool,  V.  n.     I,  Grow  cool,  lose  heat. 

2.    Grow  lukewarm  or  indifferent  or  less  furi- 
ous, lose  ardor,  be  less  zealous. 

Coop,  V.  a.  Confine,  cage,  incage,  imprison, 
shut  up. 

Co-operate,  v.  «._  I.  Work  together  or  in  unison, 
take  part,  act  jointly,  act  in  concert. 

2.    Conspire,     conduce,     contribute,     concur, 
unite,  work  together. 

Co-Operation,  «.  I.  Joint  action,  concurrent 
effort. 

2.   Concurrence,  concert,  joint  operation,   pul- 
ling together. 

Co-;Operator,_  «.  Coadjutor,  assistant,  helper, 
aider,_  auxiliary,  ally,  abettor,  joint  operator. 

Co-ordinate,  a.  Equal,  co-equal,  of  the  same 
rank. 

Copartner,  «.   Sharer,  partaker,  partner,  associate. 

Copartnership,  n.  I.  Association,  fraternity, 
partnership,  joint  stock. 

2.   Firm,  house,  establishment,  concern,  com- 
pany, joint  concern. 

Cope  With.  I.  Encounter,  engage  with,  contend 
with,  compete  with,  struggle  with,  strive  with. 

2.    Encounter  successfully,  combat  on    equal 
terms,  manage,  hold  at  bay,  "hold  one's  own  with. 

Copier,  ».     Transcriber,  copyist. 

Copious,  a.  Abundant,  plentiful,  plenteous,  ample, 
profuse,  rich,  full,  exuberant,  overflowing. 

Copiousness,  n.  Abundance,  exuberance,  plenty, 
profusion,  richness. 

Copper, «.     I.  Cent. 

2.  \.pl.^     Small  change,  copper  money. 

3.  Large   boiler,   cauldron   {esp.   in  a  shifs 
kitchen). 

Copperas,  «.  Green  vitriol,  sulphate  of  iron  {crys- 
tallized). 

Copse,  n.  Grove  {o/ small  trees  or  shruis),  thicket, 
coppice. 

Copulation,  «.  Coition,  sexual  congress,  coupling, 
venereal  act. 

Copulative,  a.    Uniting,  connecting. 

Copy,  n.     I.   Transcript. 

2.  Fac-simile,  duplicate. 

3.  Original,  model,  pattern,  archetype. 

4.  Manuscript  {to  be  printed). 


COPY 


97 


CORROSIVE 


CoPYf  V.  a.    I.  Transcribe,  make  a  transcript  of, 
make  a  copy  of. 
2.    Imitate,  follow  as  a  pattern,  pattern  after. 

Copyist,  n.    I.  Transcriber,  copier. 
2.   Imitator. 

Cornet,  V.  n.  Flirt,  philander,  make  love,  make 
a  show  of  love,  affect  to  be  in  love,  play  at 
courtship. 

Coquetry,  «.     Flirtation,  affectation  of  love. 

Coquette,  «.    Flirt,  jilt. 

Coquimtlite,  «.     White  copperas. 

Coranadl,  «•  [Written  also  Coronach  and  Cora- 
nich.'\    Dirge,  funeral  song  or  lament. 

Cord,  «.     String,  line,  small  rope. 

Cordate,  a.     Cordlform,  heart-shaped. 

Cordial,  a.  I.  Hearty,  warm,  ardent,  affection- 
ate, earnest,  sincere,  heartfelt. 

2.   Grateful,  pleasant,  refreshing,  invigorating, 
restorative. 

Cordial,  «.     I.   Stomachic,  stomachal,  stimulating 
medicine. 
2.   Liqueur,  aromatized  spirit. 

Cordiality,  «.  Heartiness,  smcerity,  ardor  of 
affection,  warmth  of  feeling,  aff>iCtionate  regard. 

Cordlform,  a.     Cordate,  heart-shaped. 

Cordwain,  «.  Spanish  or  Cordovan  leather, 
goatskin. 

Cordwainer,  n.     Shoemaker. 

Core,  n  Heart,  inner  part,  inmost  part,  essential 
part,  essence,  centre. 

Coriaceous,  a.     Leathery,  tough. 

Corium,  n.     I.   Leather  cuirass. 

2.  {Anat.)     Inner  skin,  true  skin,  cutis  vera 
{in  ■mammalia). 

On'k,  n.  I.  Bark  of  the  Quercus  sttber,  or  cork- 
tree, epiphloeum. 

2.  Stopple  or  stopper  (made  o/cork). 

3.  Frost-nail  (in  a  horse-shoe). 
Cormorant,  «.     I.   Pelican  like  sea-bird  {Phala- 

crocorax  carbo). 

2.   Glutton,  greedy  fellow,  belly-god,  greedy- 
gut. 

Cormorant,  a.    Greedy,  rapacious,  all-devouring. 

Com,  «.     I.  Cereal  grain. 

2.  Maize^  Indian  corn. 

3.  Horny  excrescence. 

Com,  V.  a.  I.  Salt  moderately,  sprinkle  with  salt. 
2.  IW.  S.,  Scotch,  and /rovinciai.'\  Intoxi- 
cate, fuddle,  muddle,  inebriate,  make  drunk, 
make  tipsy. 

Com-crake,  «.  Daker-hen,  land-rail  {Crex pra- 
tensis). 

Corneous,  a.     Horny,  corny. 

Comer,  n.  I.  Angle,  bend,  elbow,  crotch,  knee, 
cusp. 

2.  Nook,  recess,  niche,  retired  place,  secret 
place. 

3.  Part,  quarter. 

Comer,  v.  a    (Colloq.)    I.   Drive  into  a  comer, 
2.    Nonplus,  pose,  confound,  confuse,  puzzle, 

perplex,  put  to  a  stand. 
Comer-Wise,  ad.     Diagonally. 
Comucopla,  «.    [L.  pi.   Cornucopia.'^     Horn  of 

plenty. 
Corollary,  «.    Inference,  conclusion,  consequence, 

deduction. 
Ccronacll,  «.     [Written  also  Coranach  and  Cora- 

nich.]     Dirge,  funeral  song. 
Coronal,    «.     Crown,    garland,    wreath,   chaplet, 

laurel,  bays. 
Coronation,  «.     Crowning. 
Corosso  nut. )     t 
Corozonut.  (     ^^ory  nut. 
Corporal,  a.     l.  Bodily. 

2.    Material,  physical,  corporeal,  not  ^Irittial. 
Corporate,  a.     Incorporated. 
Corporation,  n.     Incorporated  body. 


Material,  physical,  corporal,  non- 
Body  of  troops,  division  of  an 


Corporeal,  a. 

spiritual. 
Corps,  ».    [Fr.] 

army. 
Corpse,  «.     Remains,    dead  body  (of  a  human 

being),  body,  corse,  carcass  {used  in  disrespect). 
Corpulence,  J  «.  Obesity,  fleshiness,  fatness, 
Corpulency,  j  plumpness,  embonpoint,  rotundity. 
Corpulent,  a.     Fleshy,  fat,  stout,  portly,  plump, 

pursy,  obese,  rotund. 
Corpuscle,   n.    Atom,    particle,    molecule,    mite, 

monad,  scrap,  bit,  grain,  jot,  iota,  tittle,  whit, 

ace,  scintilla. 
Corpuscular,  a.    Molecular,  atomic. 
Correct,  v.  a.     I.  Rectify,  amend,  mend,  reform, 

redress,  reclaim,  make  right,  set  right. 

2.  Punish,  chasten,  discipline. 

3.  Change  the  quality  of  (^^  something  of  an 
opposite  character),  modify,  improve. 

Correct,  a.  Faultless,  exact,  precise,  accurate, 
right,  true,  proper,  free  from  error,  not  faulty. 

Correction,  n.  I.  Amendment,  improvement, 
redress. 

2.  Chastening,  punishment,  discipline. 

3.  Cliange  {in  quality,  by  something  opposite)^ 
modification,  alteration. 

Corrective,  a.  Rectifying,  reformatory,  alterative, 
modifying,  improvincj,  correctory. 

Corrective,  n.     Modifying  agent,  corrective  agent. 

Correctness,  «.  Accuracy,  exactness,  nicety,  pre- 
cision, truth,  propriety,  faultlessness. 

Correlate,  «.  Correlative,  counterpart,  comple- 
ment, complemental  terra. 

Correlative,  a.  Reciprocal,  complemental,  com- 
plementary. 

Correlative,  n.     See  Correlate,  n. 

Correspond,  v.  «.  I,  Agree,  suit,  fit,  answer, 
accord,  harmonize,  tally,  square,  comport,  cohere, 
be  accordant. 

2.  Answer,  correlate,  belong,  stand  counter, 
be  complemental. 

3.  Communicate  (by  letter),  write  letters. 
CorresiH)ndence,  «.    i.    Coincidence,  concurrence, 

congruity,  fitting  relation,  reciprocal  adaptation. 

2.  Correlation,  complemental  relation,  coun- 
terposition. 

3.  Intercourse  or  communication  by  letters, 
epistolary  intercourse. 

4.  Letters. 

Correspondent,  a.  I.  Adapted,  suited,  suiting, 
fitted,  suitable,  fitting,  agreeable,  conformable, 
answerable,  corresponding. 

2._  Corresponding,  answering,  correlative,  be- 
longing, counterposed,  complemental,  comple- 
mentary. 

Corresponding,     a.     Answering.      See    Corrb- 

SPONDHNT. 

Corridor,  «.    Galleir,  passage. 

Corroborate,  v.  a.    Strengthen, confirm,  establish, 

sustain,  support. 
Corroboration,  ».     Confirmation. 
Corroborative,  a.     Confirmatory,  corroborating. 
Corrode,  v.  a.     I.    Erode,  canker,  eat  away. 

2.  Consume,  waste,  wear  away,  prey  upon, 
impair. 

3.  Blight,  poison,  envenom,  embitter. 
Corroding,  a.    Caustic,  catheretic.     See  Corro- 
sive. 

Corrosion,  ff.     I.   Erosion,  eating  away. 

2.  Wasting,  wearing  away,  consuming,  gnaw- 
ing away. 

3.  Blighting,  poisoning,  embittering. 
Corrosive,  a.     I.    Corroding,  consuming,  eroding, 

erosive,  catheretic,  caustic,  acrid,  virulent,  eating 
away. 

2.  Corroding,  wasting,  consuming,  gnawing, 
wearing. 


CORROSIVE  SUBLIMATE 


98 


COUNTERFEIT 


3.  Blighting,  poisoning,  envenoming,  embit- 
tering, carking. 

Corroave  sublimate.     Bi-chloride  of  mercury. 

Corrosiveness,  «•  Causticity,  acridness,  virulence, 
acrimony. 

Corrugate,  v.  a.  Wrinkle,  cockle,  pucker,  con- 
tract into  wrinkles. 

Corrugation,  «.     I.  Wrinkling,  cockling,  pucker- 
ing. 
2.  Wrinkle,  fold,  plait. 

Corrupt*  V.  a.     I.   Putrefy,  render  putrid. 

2.  Contaminate,  taint,  defile,  pollute,  infect, 
vitiate,  spoil. 

3.  Deprave,  demoralize,  vitiate,  pervert 

4.  Debase,  falsify,  adulterate,  sophisticate. 

5.  Bribe,  entice. 

Corrupt,  a.  \,  Corrupted,  infected,  spoiled, 
tainted,  putrid,  contaminated,  unsound. 

2.  Depraved,  wicked,  vicious,  dissolute,  prof- 
ligate, reprobate,  abandoned. 

3.  Open  to  bribes,  given  to  bribery,  dishonest, 
false  to  one's  trusts. 

Corruption,  n.    I.   Putrefaction,  putrescence. 

2.  Defilement,  contamination,  pollution,  infec- 
tion, vitiation,  adulteration,  debasement. 

3.  Depravity,  depravation,  wickedness,  de- 
moralization, immorality,  laxity,  looseness  of 
morals,  want  of  principle. 

4.  Bribery,  dishonesty,  abuse  of  public  trusts. 
Corsair,  «.   Pirate,  buccaneer,  picaroon,  sea-rover, 

sea-robber. 

Corse,  n.  ( Poetical:)  Corpse,  remains,  dead  body 
{.of  a  human  being). 

Corset,  n.     Bodice,  stays. 

Cortege,  «.     [Fr.]    Train. 

Coruscate,  v.  n.  Shine,  glisten,  glitter,  gleam, 
sparkle,  twinkle,  flash,  scmtillate. 

Coruscati9n,  «.  Flash,  sparkle,  glitter,  gleam, 
scintillation. 

Corvette,  «.     [Fr.]    Sloop  of  war. 

Coryphee,  «.     [Fr.]     Ballet-dancer,  danseuse. 

Corypheus,  «.  [L.]  Leader,  chief,  guide,  di- 
rector. 

Cosey,  a.   [Written  also  Cosy  and  Cozy."] 

1.  Snug,  comfortable,  easy, 

2.  {En£.'\    Chatty,  talkative,  social. 
Cosmopolite,  n.     Citizen  of  the  world,  cosmopol- 
itan. 

Cosmos,  n.     Universe. 

Cosset,  w.     Pet  lamb,  hand-reared  lamb ;  pet  {of 

any  kind). 
Cosset,  V.  a.     Fondle,  caress,  pet,  coddle,  make  a 

pet  of,  make  much  of, 
CCKSt,  V.  a.    Require  to  be  paid  or  undergone,  take 

away  from, 
Cost,  n.    I.   Expense,  charge,  price,  outlay. 

2.  Costliness,  preciousness,  richness,  sumptu- 
cusness,  splendor. 

3.  Loss,  detriment,  damage,  pain,  suffering. 
Costate,   )  ^     Tiiuy^^A 

Costated,r-    ^*^^«'^- 

Costive,  a.     Constipated. 

Costiveness,  «.     Constipation. 

Costly,  a.  I.  Expensive,  dear,  high-priced,  of 
great  price. 

2.  Rich,  sumptuous,  precious,  splendid,  gor- 
geous. 

Costume,  «.     Style  of  dress. 

Cot,  n.     I.   Hut.    See  Cottage. 
2.   Low  bedstead. 

Coterie,  ».  Club,  association,  society,  sodality, 
brotherhood,  circle,  set  (especially  an  exclusive 
one). 

Cottage,  n.    Cot,  lodge,  hut,  casino,  small  house. 

Cottacrer, «.    Cotter. 

Cotter,  n.     Cottager. 

Cotton,  n.    Cotton-wool,  raw  cotton. 


Cotton-wood,    «.    Canadian     poplar     (Populu$ 

tnonili/era). 
Cotton-wool,  n.    Cotton,  raw  cotton. 
Couch,  V.  n.     I.   Lie,  recline,  lie  down. 

2.  Crouch,  squat,  lie  flat. 

3.  Stoop,  bend  down. 

Couch,  V.  a.  I.  Express,  utter,  set  forth,  clothe 
in  words. 

2.  Conceal,  hide,  cover  up. 

3.  Lay  (a  spear)  in  rest,  put  in  posture  of 
attack. 

4.  Depress  or  remove  {a  cataract). 
Couch,  n.     I.    Bed,  place  for  rest. 

2.   Sofa,  lounge,  seat  to  recline  on. 

Couchant,  a.     Squatting,  lying  down. 

Couch-grass,  «.  Knot-grass,  dog's  grass,  wheat- 
grass,  witch-grass,  dog-wheat,  twitch-grass  {Tri- 
ticutn  repens). 

Cougar,  n.  Puma,  panther,  catamount.  North 
American  tiger  (Felis  concolor  or  Puma  cottcolor). 

Couleur  de  rose.     [Fr.]     I.   Rose-color. 

2.   Fair  appearance,  attractive  light,  flattering 
aspect. 

Coulter-neb,  «.  Puffin,  Labrador  auk  (A  lea  arc- 
tica  or  Fratercula  arctica). 

Council,  «.  I.  Cabinet,  ministry,  body  of  advi- 
sers. 

2.    Assembly    {/or    consultation),    meeting, 
congress,  diet,  synod,  convocation,  convention. 

Council-chamber,  «.  Divan,  audience-chamber, 
state-chamber. 

Councillor,  «.  [Written  also  Councilor.']  Mem- 
ber of  a  council. 

Counsel,  n.  I.  Consultation,  interchange  of 
opinion. 

2.  Advice,  opinion,  suggestion,  recommenda- 
tion, instruction,  admonition,  caution. 

3.  Deliberation,  forethought. 

4.  Design,  plan,  scheme,  purpose. 

5.  Counsellor,  lawyer,  barrister,  advocate. 
Counsel,  v.  a.    Advise,  admonish,  give  advice  to. 
Counsellor,  «.    [Written  also  Counselor.] 

1.  Adviser. 

2.  Lawyer,  barrister,  counsel,  advocate. 
Count,   V.  a.     I.    Enumerate,  number. 

2.  Calculate,  reckon,  compute,  estimate,  cast, 
cast  up. 

3.  Consider,  esteem,  regard,  deem,  hold,  judge, 
think,  account,  look  upon. 

Count,  V.  n.  Add  to  the  number,  swell  the 
number,  tell. 

Count,  n.     I.     Reckoning, 

2.  {Law. )    Particular  clause  or  charge. 

Countenance,  n.  I.  Aspect,  look,  mien,  expres- 
sion of  the  face. 

2.   Favor,  encouragement,  patronage,  support, 
aid,  assistance,  sanction,  approbation,  approval. 

Countenance,  v.  a.  Approve,  sanction,  support, 
aid,  abet,  assist,  favor,  encourage,  patronize,  be- 
friend, stand  by,  side  with,  take  the  side  of. 

Counter,  «.     Reckoner,  calculator. 

Counter,  ad.  Contrary,  contrariwise,  in  opposi- 
tion to. 

Counteract,  v.  a.     I.   Oppose,  contravene,  resist, 
cross,  thwart,   hinder,   check,  defeat,   frustrate, 
traverse,  run  counter  to,  act  against,  clash  with. 
2.   Neutralize,  destroy  the  effect  of,  annul. 

Counteraction,  «.  Opposition,  contravention,  re- 
sistance, frustration. 

Counteractive,  n.  Corrective,  antidote,  cure, 
remedy,  restorative,  medicine,  counter-agent. 

Counterbalance,  v.  a.     I.   Counterpoise,  balance. 
2.    Countervail,    compensate,    set   off,    make 
up  for. 

Counter-current,  n.    Eddy. 

Counterfeit,  z/  a.  I.  Forge,  make  a  spurious 
copy  of,  imitate  fraudulently,  copy  fraudulently. 


COUNTERFEIT 


99 


COVER 


2.  Feign,  simulate,  ftham,  put  on  the  appear- 
ance of. 

3.  Imitate,  copy. 

Coonterfeit,  a.  I.  Forged,  spurious,  fraudulent, 
supposititious. 

3.    Feigned,  false,  simulated,  sham,  mock,  spu- 
rious, hypocritical,  put  on,  make-believe. 
3.    Imitated,  copied,  resembling. 

Counterfeit,  «.     Forgery,  fraudulent  copy. 

Counterfeiter,  «.     I.    Forger,  falsifyer. 
2.    Pretender,  feigner. 

Counter-jtimper,  «.  [/«  contempt.^  Shopman, 
shop-keeper,  salesman,  clerk. 

Countermand,  v.  a.  Revoke,  rescind,  recall, 
abrogate,  annul,  make  void. 

Countermarch,  v.  «.  March  back,  reverse  the 
direction  of  a  march. 

Counterpane,  «.    Coverlet,  coverlid. 

Counterpart,  «.     I.   Corresponding  part. 

2.  (Zaw.)    Duplicate,  copy. 

3.  Correlative,  correlate,  complement,  supple- 
ment, reverse  (to  obverse). 

4.  Match,  fellow,  mate,  tally,  twin,  the  very 
image. 

Counterpoise^  v,  a.  Counterbalance,  balance, 
countervail. 

Counterpoise,  n.  Equal  weight,  neutralizing 
force. 

Countersign,  «.     Watchword,  password. 

Counter-tenor,  «.    {Mus.)    Alto,  counter. 

Countervail,  v.  a.  Balance,  counterbalance, 
compensate,  make  up  for. 

Count  on.  Depend  on,  depend  upon,  rely  on,  rely 
upon,  count  upon. 

Countrified,  v.  a.    Rustic,  rude,  country. 

Country,  n.  I.  Region,  land,  geographical  divi- 
sion, political  division. 

2.  Rural  parts  {as  distinguished /ront  city). 

3.  Native    land,    fatherland,    nation,    home, 
abiding  habitation. 

4.  Nation,  people,  population,  inhabitants. 
Country,  a.     I.  Rustic,  rural. 

2.   Rude,  rough,  unrefined,  unpolished,  uncul- 
tivated, countrified. 

Countryman,  «.     I.   Compatriot. 

2.   Rustic,   peasant,  swain,  farmer,   husband- 
man, clown,  hind,  boor. 

Cotint  upon.    See  Count  on. 

County,  n.     Shire. 

Coup-d'etat,  n.  [Fr.]  Master  stroke  of  policy, 
stroke  of,  statesmanship,  stroke  of  sudden  and 
forcible  usurpation. 

Coup-de-grace,  «.  [Fr.]  Death-blow,  decisive 
blow,  finishing  stroke,  mercy-stroke. 

Coup-de-main,  n.  [Fr.]  Sudden  attack,  unex- 
pected enterprise  or  assault. 

Coup-d'ceil,  n.  [Fr.]  Glance,  hasty  view,  slight 
view,  general  view  or  prospect. 

Coup-de-SOleil,  «.  [Fr.]  Sunstroke,  siriasis,  in- 
solation, stroke  of  the  sun,  ictus  solis. 

Couple,  n.  I.  Brace,  pair,  two  (o/  the  same 
kind). 

2.  Man  and  wife,  married  pair. 

3.  Link,  bond,  tie,  couplin|;,  leash. 
Couple,  V.  a.     I.  Join,  conjoin,   connect,   unite, 

pair,  link  together. 
2.    Marry,  wed. 
Couple,  v.n.     I.   Unite,  pair. 

2.   Copulate,  embrace. 
Couplet,  «.     Two  verses  {esfiecialfy  that  rhyme), 

pair  of  rhymes,  distich. 
Coupon,  n.     [Fr.]    I.   Interest  certificate,   inter- 
est warrant. 

2.   Attached  certificate  {of  any  kind),  detach- 
able certificate. 
Courage,   «.      Fearlessness,  bravery,   valor,  gal- 
lantry, prowess,  intrepidity,  heroism,  spirit,  reso- 


lution, fortitude,  hardihood,  audacity,  audacioust- 
uess,  boldness,  daring,  mettle,  manhood,  pluck, 
spunk. 

Courageous,  a.  Fearless,  gallant,  daring,  valor- 
ous, chivalrous,  valiant,  Bold,  heroic,  intrepid, 
dauntless,  resolute,  hardy,  stout,  lion-hearted, 
with  a  bold  front.     See  Bkave. 

Courier,  n.    Messenger,  express,  runner. 

Course,  ».     I.   Race,  career. 

2.  Route,  way,  track,  road. 

3.  Direction,  bearing,  point  of  compass,  line 
of  progress,  path,  track. 

4.  Round,  beat. 

5.  Progress,  process. 

6.  Regularity,  order,  succession,  turn. 

7.  Deportment,    conduct,    behavior,     line    of 
conduct,  manner  of  proceeding. 

8.  Series,  system,  methodical  arrangement. 

9.  Set  of  dishes  (at  a  banquet). 

Course,  v.  a.    Pursue,  hunt,  chase,  run  after,  give 

chase  to. 
Course,  v.  n.    Run,  move  swiftly. 
Courser,  n.    Racer,  race-horse,  swift  steed. 
Courses,  «.  //.      Menses,    catamenia,  menstrual 

flux,  menstrual  discharge. 
Court,  «.     I.  Royal  household,  princely  retinue, 

2.  Judicial  tribunal,  court  of  justice. 

3.  Courtyard,  inclosed  area,  quadrangle. 

4.  Solicitation(s),   addresses,  civilities,  flatter- 
ing attention,  respects,  homage. 

Court,  V.  a.  I.  Flatter,  coddle,  try  to  please,  en- 
deavor to  ingratiate  one's  self  with,  fawn  upon, 
pay  court  to. 

2.  Woo,  pay  one's  addresses  to,  make  love  to. 

3.  Seek,  solicit,  strive  to  gain. 

4.  Invite,  solicit,  woo. 

Courteous,  a.  Polite,  civil,  affable,  urbane,  com- 
plaisant, gracious,  courtly,  ceremonious,  debo- 
nair, respectful,  obliging,  well-bred. 

Courteousness,  «.     Politeness.     See  Courtesy. 

Courtesan,  «.  [Written  also  Courtezan.]  Pros- 
titute, whore,  harlot,  strumpet,  punk,  wench, 
drab,  trull,  quean,  rig,  wanton,  frail  sister,  Cyp- 
rian, night-walker,  street-walkerj  lewd  woman 
woman  of  the  town,  woman  of  ill-fame,  public 
woman,  demirep,  yf//^  de  joie,  Jezebel,  Messa- 
lina,  Delilah,  Phryne,  Lais,  lorette,  corotte,  gri- 
sette,  member  of  the  demi-monde. 

Courte^,  n.  Politeness,  courteousness,  civility, 
urbanity,  complaisance,  affability,  good-breeding, 
elegance  of  manners. 

Courtesy,  v.  n.     Make  a  courtesy. 

Courtly,  a.  Polished,  elegant,  polite.  See 
Courteous. 

Courtship,  n.    Wooing. 

Courtyard,  n.     Court,  quadrangle,  inclosed  area. 

Cousin-german,  n.     First  cousm. 

Cove,  «.     Inlet,  bight,  small  bay. 

Covenant,  «.  Agreement,  bargain,  contract,  com- 
pact, stipulation,  arrangement,  treaty,  conven- 
tion, concordat,  pact. 

Covenant,  v  n.  Bargain,  stipulate,  agree,  make 
a  stipulation. 

Cover,  V.  a.     I.   Overspread,  overlay. 

2.  Conceal,  hide,  secrete,  cloak,  veil,  screen, 
shroud,  mask,  disguise. 

3.  Shield,  shelter,  protect,  guard,  defend. 

4.  Clothe,  invest,   envelop,   fold  up,  inwrap, 
wrap  up. 

5.  Put  a  covering  on. 

6.  Comprehend,  embrace,  include,  comprise, 
contain,  embody. 

7.  Counterbalance,  countervail,  balance,  com- 
pensate, make  up  for,  be  equal  to. 

Cover,   «.     I.   Covering,   tegument,   integument* 
capsule,  top,  case. 
2.   Screen,  veil,  disguise,  cloak. 


COVERCLE 


100 


CRANIOGNOMY 


3.  Shelter,  protection,  guard,  defence,  shield, 
safeguard. 

4.  Underwood,  underbrush,  shrubbery,  under- 
growth, thicket,  woods. 

5.  Plate,  dish. 
Covercle,  «.    Lid,  small  cover. 

Covexlng,  n.  Cover,  tegument,  integument,  cap- 
sule, top,  case. 

8S?Sm:|»-    Coun.en>a.e. 

Covert,  n.  I.  Thicket,  shade,  shrubbery,  under- 
wood. 

2.  Shelter,  refuge,  asylum,  harbor,  sanctuary, 
retreat,  defence,  hiding-place. 

Covert,  a.  Hidden,  concealed,  secret,  disguised, 
clandestine,  underhand,  sly,  insidious,  stealthy. 

Covet,  V.  a.  I.  Desire,  long  for,  aim  after, 
aspire  to. 

2.  Desire  inordinately,  long  for  enviously,  lust 
after,  hanker  after. 

Covetous,  a.  Eager,  very  desirous  {usually  in 
a  bad  sense,  though  sometimes  in  a  good  sense), 
greedy,  enviously  desirous,  inordinately  desir- 
ous, avaricious. 

Covetousness,  «.  Avarice,  cupidity,  inordinate 
desire  or  greed,  greed  of  gain. 

Covey,  n.     1.   Brood. 

2.  Flock. 

3.  Set,  company,  party,  bevy. 

cSviSe,}«-    ('^''^•)    Collusion. 

Covinous,  a.  (Law.)  Fraudulent,  deceitful,  dis- 
honest, deceptive,  collusive. 

Cow,  V.  a.  Overawe,  intimidate,  frighten,  daunt, 
abash,  discourage,  dishearten,  break,  subdue  by 
fear. 

Coward,  n.  Dastard,  poltroon,  craven,  recreant, 
milksop. 

Coward,  a.    See  Cowardly. 

Cowardice,  «.  Pusillanimity,  poltroonery,  timid- 
ity, fear,  cowardliness,  the  white  feather. 

Cowardliness,  «.     See  Cowardice. 

Cowardly,  a.  Pusillanimous,  dastardly,  craven, 
fearful,  timorous,  timid,  coward,  recreant^  base, 
faint-hearted,  chicken-hearted  white-livered, 
showing  the  white  feather. 

Cowardly,  ad.  Pusillanimously,  timorously, 
basely,  meanly,  cravenly. 

Cower,  V.  n.  Crouch,  cringe,  fawn,  stoop,  squat, 
bend  the  knee. 

Cowl,  n.     It   Hood  (especially  of  a  monk). 
2.   Chimney-top. 

Cow-pox,  «.     Kine-pox. 

Coxcoml),  «.  Beau,  fop,  dandy,  popinjay,  ex- 
quisite, jackanapes,  peiit-maitre,  man  of  dress ; 
vain,  showy  fellow. 

Coxcombry,  «.     Foppishness,  vain-glory. 

Coxcombical,  I  a.     Foppish,  conceited,  vain,  pre- 

Coxcomical,    )      tentious. 

Coy,  a.  Modest,  diffident,  shy,  shrinking,  timid, 
bashful,  reserved,  distant,  demure. 

Cozen,  V.  a.  Cheat,  trick,  defraud,  deceive,  swin- 
dle, chouse,  dupe,  gull,  overreach,  circumvent, 
beguile,  victimize,  take  in,  impose  upon. 

Cozenage,  «.  Fraud,  deceit,  artifice,  trickery,  de- 
ception, imposition,  imposture,  duplicity,  guile, 
double  dealing. 

Cozy,  a,  [Written  also  Cosy  and  Cosey."]  I.  Snug, 
comfortable,  easy. 

2.  [Eng.]  Chatty,  talkative,  social,  con- 
versable. 

Crabbed,  a.     I.    Sour,  tart,  rough,  acrid. 

2.  Morose,  surly,  testy,  touchy,  cross,  growl- 
ing, snarling,  snappish,  cantankerous,  waspish, 
petulant,  peevish,  churlish,  harsh,  acrimonious, 
caustic,  captious,  censorious,  splenetic,  out  of 
sorts,  ill-tempered. 


3.  Difficult,  perplexing,  trying,  unmanageable, 
tough,  intractable,  hard  to  deal  with. 
Crabbedness,   n.      I.    Sourness,   roughness,  tart- 
ness, acridity,  acridness. 

2.  Asperity,  acerbity,  moroseness,  sullenness, 
moodiness,  churlishness,  harshness,  ill-temper, 
acrimoniousness, 

3.  Difficulty,  perplexity,  intractability. 
Crab-grass,     «.       Wire-grass,     dog's-tail    grass 

(Eleusine  Indica). 
Cracky  «.     I.   Break,  cleft,  breach,  chink,  fissure, 
crevice,  cranny,  opening,  rift,  rent. 

2.  Report,  clap,  pop,  burst,  explosion. 

3.  Snap  {of  a  whip). 
Crack,  v.  a.     I.  Break  (partially). 

2.  Split,  chop,  cleave,  rend  asunder. 

3.  Snap  (as  a  whip). 

4.  Craze,  drive  insane,  madden. 

Crack,  v.  n.  I,  Break,  split,  burst,  chap,  open 
in  chinks. 

2.  [With  ij/".]  Brag,  bluster,  vapor,  vaunt, 
boast,  gasconade,  crow. 

Crack,  a.  (Colloq.)  Excellent,  capital,  tiptop, 
first-rate,  first-class. 

Crack-brained,  a.    Crazy,  cracked,  insane,  crazed. 

Cracked,  a.     I.    Broken,  split. 

2.  Crazed,  crazy,  crack-brained,  insane,  de- 
mented, deranged,  flighty,  with  a  bee  in  the 
bonnet,  with  a  bee  in  the  head. 

Cracker,  «.    I.  Hard  biscuit. 
2.    Fire-cracker. 

Crackle,  v.  «.    Decrepitate,  crepitate,  snap. 

Cratt,  n.  I.  Skill,  ability,  talent,  power,  clever- 
ness, dexterity,  tact,  aptitude,  aptness,  expert- 
ness,  readiness, 

2.  Artifice,  artfulness,  shrewdness,  guile,  de- 
ceit, deceitfulness,  deception,  subtlety,  cunning, 
craftiness. 

3.  Art,  handicraft,  trade,  employment,  busi- 
ness, vocation,  calling,  avocation. 

4.  Vessel. 

Craftsman,  «.  Artisan,  mechanic,  artificer,  work- 
man, hand,  operative,  handi-craftsman. 

Crafty,  a.  Cunning,  artful,  deceitful,  sly,  arch, 
subtle,  shrewd,  wily,  intriguing,  tricky,  crooked, 
diplomatic,  Machiavelian. 

Crag,  «.     I.   Rough,  steep  rock. 
2.   Neck,  throat. 

Cragged,  a.    See  Craggy. 

Craggy,  a.  Cragged,  rugged,  rough,  jagged, 
broken,  uneven,  scraggy. 

Cram,  v.  a.  I.  Stuff,  gorge,  glut,  fill  full,  fill  to 
repletion. 

2.  Crowd,  press,  compress. 

3.  Prepare  for  examination,  grind,  coach. 
Cram,  v.  n.     I.   Eat  to  satiety,  eat  greedily,  stuff, 

gorge  or  glut  one's  self,  gluttonize. 
2.   (Colloq.)    Study  for  examination. 
Cramp,  «.     I.   Spasm,  crick,  convulsion. 

2.  (Rare.)  Check,  restriction,  restraint,  ob- 
struction. 

3.  Cramp-iron. 

4.  Cramping-machine,  boot-cramp. 
Cramp,  v.  a.     I.   Affect  with  spasms,  convulse. 

2.  Restrain,  obstruct,  hinder,  check,  confine. 

3.  Fasten  with  a  cramp,  confine  or  hold  with 
a  cramp  or  cramp-iron. 

4.  Stretch  or  shape  with  a  cramp,  fashion 
with  a  boot-cramp. 

Cramp-fish,  «.  Torpedo,  electric  ray  (Torpedo 
vulgaris). 

Cramp-iron, «.    Cramp. 

Cranberry,    «.      Bog-berry,    moor-berry,    moss- 
berry. 
Crane-fly,  «.     Father-long-legs,  daddy-long-legs. 
Crane's-bill, «.     Geranium. 
Craniognomy,  ».    Craniology,  phrenology. 


CRANIOLOGY 


101 


•0:^Ew:' 


Craniology,  «.     Cranioginomy,  phrenology. 
CraniuiUf  n.     Skull,  brain-pan. 
Crank,  «.     I.   Turning-handle. 

2.  Bend,  turn,  winding,  involution,  twist, 
quirk. 

3.  Twist  or  turn  of  speech,  play  upon  words, 
quirk. 

Crank,  a.     I.    Easy  to  be  overset,  unsteady. 
2.   Shaky,  crazy,  loose,  disjointed. 

Crank,  v.  n.  Bend,  wind,  turn,  twist,  wind  in 
and  out,  crankle,  crinkle. 

Crankle,  v.  n.  Crinkle,  run  in  and  out.  See 
Ckank. 

Cranny,  «.  Cleft,  crack,  fissure,  chink,  crevice, 
rift,  gap,  break,  breach,  interstice,  opening. 

CrapU&OS,  a.  {Rare.)  Crapulent,  drunken, 
drunk,  inebriated,  intoxicated,  surfeited  with 
drink. 

Crash,  v.  a.  Shatter,  shiver,  smash,  dash  in 
pieces,  splinter. 

Crash,  v.  n.      I.   Sound  splintering  or  shattering. 
2.   Strike  crashing,  break  (in)  with  a  crash. 

Crash,  «.  Shattering  sound,  splintering  uproar, 
rending,  shivering  noise. 

Crass,  a.  Gross,  coarse,  thick,  unabated,  un- 
refined, raw. 

Crassament,  «.    See  Crassamentum. 

Crassamentum,  «.  [L.J  Clot  (of  blood),  coagu- 
lation. 

Cratch-cradle,  n.  Cat's  cradle,  scratch-cradle, 
cradle. 

Crate,  «.     Hamper. 

Craunch,  v.  a.     Crunch. 

Cravat,  n.    Neckcloth,  neckerchief,  necktie. 

Crave,  v.  a.  I.  Entreat,  beseech,  beg,  solicit, 
implore,  supplicate- 

2.  Desire,  long  for,  hunger  for,  wish  for,  yearn 
for,  hanker  after. 

Craven,  «.  Dastard,  coward,  poltroon,  recreant, 
milksop. 

Craving,  «.  Longing,  hungering,  yearning,  hank- 
ering, strong  desire. 

Craw,  «.     Crop,  first  stomach  {o/  a  bird). 

Crawfish,  «.     Crayfish,  river-lobster. 

Crawl,  V.  n.     Creep. 

Crayfish,  «.    See  Crawfish. 

Crayon,  «.    I.  Pencil. 
2.   Crayon-drawing. 

Craze,  v.  a.  I.  Make  crazy,  make  insane,  mad- 
den, drive  wild,  derange. 

2.  Impair,  weaken,  confuse,  throw  into  dis- 
order, disarrange 

Crazy,  a.  I.  Shattered,  broken,  tottering,  rick- 
ety, shaky,  crank,  worn  out,  out  of  order. 

2.  Insane,  distracted,  mad,  lunatic,  demented, 
deranged,  delirious,  crack-brained,  cracked, 
crazed,  out  of  one's  head,  out  of  one's  senses, 
out  of  one's  wits. 

Cream,  «.     Choice  part,  best  part. 

Cream-colored,  a.    Pale  yellow. 

Cream  of  tartar.  Bi-tartrate  of  potash  (Jurijied), 
acid  tartrate  of  potash. 

Create,  v.  a.  I.  Originate,  bring  into  being,  call 
into  existence- 

2.  Produce,  cause,  occasion,  be  the  occasion 
ofc 

3.  Make,  appoint,  constitute. 
CreatiOIl,  n.     I.    invention,  origination. 

2.  Universe,  cosmos. 

3.  Appointment,  constitution,  nomination. 
Creator,  «.    I.    Originator,  maker. 

2.  The  First  Cause,  the  Maker,  the  Supreme 
Original.     See  God. 
Creature,  n.     I.  Being  {animate  or  inanimate), 
created  being. 

2.   Animal,  living  being. 

3«  Man,  person. 


4,  DerendaT?ty.re^n»*r:t  vassai^  {»^ij^  &iia«; 
ion.  hang<Jr>-6u.      •»»^'«»       "''     '•     "    '  ' 

5.  Wretch,  miscreant,  piece  of  baseness. 
Credence,   n.      Belief,   acceptance,   credit,    trust, 

faith,  confidence,  reliance. 

Credendum,  «.  [L.]  Article  of  faith,  thing  to 
be  believed. 

Credentials,  «.  //.  Testimonials,  vouchers,  cer- 
tificates. 

Credibility,  n.    Trustworthiness,   credibleness. 

Credible,  a.  Trustworthy,  reliable,  to  be  believed, 
worthy  of  belief,  not  improbable. 

Credibleness,  n.     Trustworthiness,  credibility. 

Credit,  «.  I.  Belief,  trust,  faith,  confidence, 
credence,  reliance. 

2.  Reputableness,  esteem,  regard,  good  re- 
pute, good  reputation,  high  character. 

3.  Influence  {of  a  good  name),  power. 

4.  Merit,  honor,  proof  of  desert. 

5.  Trust  {in  future  payment),  loan. 

6.  Money  due,  securities,  evidence  of  debt 
{on  the  part  of  otiters). 

Credit,  V.  a.  I.  Believe,  give  faith  to,  put  faith  in, 
rely  upon,  confide  in,  doubt  not,  make  no  doubt 
of,  take  upon  credit. 

2.  Place  to  the  credit  of,  carry  to  the  credit  of 
one's  account,  enter  upon  the  credit  side. 

3.  Trust  {for  future  payment),  loan  {on  trust 
or  security). 

Creditable,  a.   Reputable,  honorable,  estimable. 

Credulity,  «.  Ease  in  believing,  readiness  to  be- 
lieve {on  slight  evidence),  credulousness. 

Credulous,  a.  Easily  convinced,  too  ready  to 
believe,  over- trustful,  lax  in  seeking  evidence, 
easily  duped. 

Creed,  «.  Belief,  tenets,  dogmas,  doctrines,  sys- 
tem of  opinions,  summary  of  belief,  Credo. 

Creed-hound,  a.  Wedded  to  an  opinion  or  a 
creed,  hopelessly  prejudiced,  irrevocably  com- 
mitted.    See  Bigoted. 

Creek,  «.     I.    inlet,  cove,  bight,  small  bay. 
2.   Rivulet,  small  river. 

Creep,  v.  «.     I.    Crawl. 

2.  Steal,  glide  stealthily,  come  unnoticed. 

3.  Fawn,  cringe,  play  the  sycophant. 
Creeping,  a.     I.  Crawling. 

2.  Fawning,  sycophantic. 

3.  {Bot.)  Growing  on. the  ground  or  on 
supports. 

Cremation,  n.     Burning  {especially  of  the  dead), 

CreSated,}*     (^'"•>    Notched,  indented. 
Crepitate,  v.  n.    Crackle,  snap,  decrejjitote. 
Crescent,  «.     I.   New  moon,  moon  in  her  first 
quarter. 

2.  Figure  of  the  new  moon,  lune. 

3.  Turkish  standard. 

4.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Turkish  power, 
Ottoman  Empire,  Sublime  Porte ;  Mohammedan- 
ism, Islamism,  Islam. 

Crescent,  a.     Growing,  enlarging,  increasing. 
Crescent-shaped,  a.    {Bot.)    Lunate,  lunated. 
Crest,  n.     I.   Tuft,  plume^  comb. 

2.  Top,  crown,  summit,  ridge,  highest  part. 

3.  Armorial  bearings,  device. 
Crested,  a      I.  With  a  crest. 

2.  (Bat.)    Cristate. 
Crestfallen,  a.     Discouraged,   disheartened,   dis- 

{)irited,  depressed,  dejected,  desponding,  chap- 
alien,  melancholy,  sad,  down-hearted,  downcast, 
cast  down,  low-spirited,  in  low  spirits. 

Cretaceous,  a.    Chalkv. 

Crevasse,  «.    [Fr.]    C;revice,  gap,  opening,  break, 

rent,  chasm. 
Crevice,  «.     Fissure,  chink,  rift,  gap,  cleft,  crack, 

cranny,  interstice. 
Crew,  H.    I.   Ship's  company. 


"i^J 


102 


CROTCH 


',    1^,  *Com^By,  gaft^  baoK^j  set,  horde,  party, 

throng,  mobi  clowd.       -  ' 

Crib,  n.    I.  Rack,  manger,  feeding-place. 

2.  Bin,  bunker. 

3.  Child's  bed. 

4.  Theft,  piece  of  plunder. 

5.  iS^olioq.)     Plagiarism. 

Oib,  V.  a.     1.   Enclose  {as  in  a  crib\  cage,  en- 
cage, confine,  imprison,  shut  up. 
2.   Pilfer,  purloin. 

Crick,  n.     Spasm,  cramp,  convulsion. 

Crim.  con.  Criminal  conversation.  See 
Adultkkv. 

Crime,  «.  I.  Felony,  aggravated  misdemeanor, 
gross  offence  (especially  against  human  law), 
infraction  of  law. 

2.  Sin,  transgression,  iniquity,  wickedness, 
unrighteousness,  wrong,  dehnqueucy  {of  a  vio- 
lent or  high-handed  nature). 

Criminal,  a.  I.  Grossly  contrary  to  law,  illegal, 
felonious,  tending  to  crmie,  stained  by  crime. 

2.  Culpable,  guilty,  wicked,  iniquitous,  flagi- 
tious. 

Criminal,  n.  Culprit,  delinquent,  offender,  trans- 
gressor, trespasser,  malefactor,  convict,  felon. 

Cnminal  conversation.  [Abbreviated  Crim. 
coti.}    Adultery. 

Criminality,  n.     Guiltiness,  guilt,  culpability. 

Criminate,  v.  a.  I.  Accuse,  charge,  arraign,  im- 
peach, allege  to  be  guilty. 

2.  Involve  in  crime,  implicate  in  guilt,  show 
guilty. 

Crimination,  n.  Accusation,  impeachment,  ar- 
raignment, charge. 

Crimp,  V.  a.     I.   Curl,  crisp. 
2.   Plait,  form  into  ridges. 

Crimp,  «.  {Colloq.)  Decoyman  {/or  the  military 
service),  ensnarer,  trapanner. 

Cringe,  v.  n.  Crouch,  fawn,  truckle,  sneak,  stoop, 
bend  the  knee. 

Clinging,  a.  Crouching,  fawning,  servile,  sneak- 
ing, obsequious. 

Crinkle,  v.  n.     I.   Crankle,  run  in  and  out,  wind, 
bend 
2.  Wrinkle,  curl,  be  corrugated. 

Crinklei  v.  a.     Wrinkle,  corrugate,  curl. 

Cripple,  n.     Lame  man,  lame  woman. 

Cripple,  V.  a.     I.    Lame,  make  lame. 

2.   Disable,  weaken,  impair,  break  down. 

Crisis,  n.  I.  Acme,  height,  decisive  turn,  turning 
point,  critical  juncture. 

2,  Exigency,  emergency,  juncture,  conjunc- 
ture, pass,  strait,  rub,  pinch,  pushi  critical 
situation. 

Crisp,    \a.    I.   Brittle,  friable. 

Crispy,  j        2.  Curied,  frizzled. 

Crisp,  V.  a.    Twist,  curl. 

Crispin,  n.     Shoemaker,  cordwainer,  cobbler. 

Cristate,  a.     {Bot.)    Crested. 

Criterion,  «.  Standard,  test,  touchstone,  measure, 
rule,  canon. 

Critic,  «.   I.  Reviewer,  censor,  connoisseur,  judge, 
{of  artistic  merit). 
2.   Censurer,  caviller,  carper. 

Critical,  a.     I.   Exact,  nice,  accurate. 

2.  Censorious,  carping,  cavilling,  captious. 

3.  Determining,  decisive,  crucial,  turning, 
important. 

4.  Dangerous,  hazardous,  imminent,  momen- 
tous, dubious,  precarious,  ticklish. 

Criticise,  v.  a.  Examine  and  estimate  {as  works 
of  art  or  of  literature),  remark  upon  {with  refer- 
ence to  merits  and  defects),  pass  judgment 
upon. 

Criticism,  n,     I.  Art  of  criticising. 

2.  Critique,  strictures,  animadversion,  review, 
critical  remarks. 


CritiQae,  «.     Criticism,  review,  critical  examina- 
tion, critical  remarks,  critical  notice- 

Croak,  v.  n.    I.   Talk  croakingly,  talk  hoarsely, 
mumble  and  groan. 

2.  Forebode,  cry  things  down,  be  depreciatory, 
take  a  gloomy  view  of  things. 

Croaker,  «.     Decrier,  depreciator,  one  that  takes 
a  gloomy  view,  alarmist,  foreboder. 

Crock,  n.    I.   Earthen  jar,  pot,  piece  of  crockery. 

2.  Low  seat,  stool. 

3.  Soot,  smut. 

Crock,  V.  a.     Blacken  {with  soot),  soil,  smut. 
Crockery,  «.     Earthen-ware. 
Crocodile  tears.    Affected  tears,  hypocritical  sor- 
row, dissembled  grief. 
Crone,  «.     I.   Old  woman  (in  contempt). 

2.  Old  ewe. 

3.  Garrulous  old  man,  aged  gabbler  or 
twaddler. 

Crony,  «.     {Collog.)    Associate,  intimate  friend, 

bosom  friend,  bosom  companion. 
Crook,  n.     I.    Bend,  flexure,  curvature,  turn. 

2.  Bent  staff,  shepherd's  crook,  bishop's  crook 
or  sta&. 

3.  Trick,  artifice,  machination. 

Crook,  V.  a.     Bend,  curve,  incurvate,  bow,  inflect, 

make  crooked. 
Crook,  V.  n.     Bend,  curve,  become  crooked,  wind, 

turn. 
Crooked,  a.     I.   Bent,  curved,  bowed,  winding. 

2.  Distorted,  twisted,  wry,  awry,  askew,  de- 
formed, disfigured. 

3.  Perverse,  contumacious,  self-willed,  capri- 
cious, froward. 

4.  Dishonest,  unfair,  dishonorable,  knavish, 
unscrupulous,  deceitful,  tricky,  insidious,  crafty, 
intriguing,  diplomatic,  Machiavelian. 

Croon,  V.  a.     Hum,  sing  softly,   sing  in  a   low 

tone. 
Croon,  n.    I.   Murmur,  moan. 

2.   Simple  melody. 
Crop,  «.     I.    Harvest. 

2.    Craw,  first  stomach  {of  a  bird). 
Crop,  V.  a.     I.   Lop,  clip,  cut  off. 

2.  Gather,  pluck,  pick. 

3.  Browse,  nibble,  feed  upon. 
Crosier,  «.     Pastoral  %\zS{ofan  archbishop). 
Cross,   n.     I.   Gibbet  {made  of  pieces    of  wood 

plctced  transversely). 

2.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Gospel,  Christian 
doctrine.  Christian  religion,  Christianity  :  Chris- 
tendom. 

3.  Trial,  vexation,  trouble,  aflHiction,  misfor- 
tune. 

4.  Intermixture  {of  species). 
Cross,  a.     I.   Transverse,  lying  athwart. 

2.  Fretful,  peevish,  petulant,  pettish,  snappish, 
waspish,  touchy,  testy,  crusty,  churlish,  crabbed, 
captious,  ill-natured,  morose,  sulky,  sullen, 
spleeny,  surly,  cynical,  snarling,  sour,  ill-tem- 
pered, out  of  humor,  out  of  temper,  grouty 
{colloq^. 
Cross,  ».  <z.     I.   Put  across,  put  athwart. 

2.  Mark  with  a  line  or  lines  across. 

3.  Traverse,  pass  over,  go  over. 

4.  Thwart,  hinder,  obstruct,  interfere  with. 

5.  Intermix,  interbreed. 
Cr0SS-1)aZTed,  a.     Cancellated. 

Crosses,  n.  fl.    Vexations,  misfortunes,  troubles, 

trials,  afflictions. 
Cross-examine,  v.  a.     Cross-question. 
Cross-grainedy  a.     Stubborn,  obdurate,   untract- 

able,  perverse,  wayward,  headstrong,  refractory. 
Crossing,  «.     Intersection. 
Cross-question,  v.  a.     Cross-examine. 
Crosswise,  ad.     Across,  transversely,  over. 
Crotchf  n.    Fork,  angle,  comer. 


CROTCHET 


103 


CUDWEED 


Crotchety  ft  Whim,  freak,  quirk,  vagary,  whim* 
sey,  fancy,  caprice,  maggot  m  the  brain. 

Crotchety,  a.  Whimsical,  fantastic,  fantastical, 
odd,  queer,  fanciful,  capricious,  huraorsome, 
wayward,  fitful,  freakish. 

Crouch,  V.  n.   I.   Couch,  squat,  lie  flat,  stoop  low, 
lie  close  to  the  ground. 
2.   Cower,  cringe,  fawn,  truckle. 

Croup,  «.     I.   Rump  {jespecially  of  a  horse),  but- 
tocks, crupper. 
2.   (Med.)  Cynanche  {trac/:ealis). 

Crow,  V.  n.  Boast,  brag,  vaunt,  bluster,  swagger, 
vapor,  triumph,  gasconade,  chuckle,  exult. 

Crowd,  n.  I,  Throng,  multitude,  concourse, 
host,  herd,  horde. 

2.  Rabble,  mob,  populace,  vulgar  herd^  lower 
classes,  lower  orders,  common  people,  tgnobile 
vulgi*s,  fro/anum  vulgus. 

Crowd,  V.  a.  I.  Fill  by  compression,  fill  to  ex- 
cess. 

2.  Compress,  cram,  press,  press  together. 

3.  Throng  about,  press  upon. 

Crowd,  V.  n.  I.  Swarm,  flock  together,  be  nu- 
merous, come  thick. 

2.  Press  forward,  make  one's  way,  elbow  one's 
way. 

Crown,  ft.     I.  Diadem. 

2.  Royalty,  kingly  power,  sovereignty. 

3.  Coronet,  coronal,  garland,  chaplet,  wreath, 
laurel,  bays. 

4.  Dignity,  honor,  reward,  recompense,  hono- 
rary distmction. 

5.  Top,  summit,  crest. 

Crown,  V.  a.  I.  Put  a  crown  upon,  invest  with  a 
crown. 

2.  Adorn,  dignify,  honor. 

3.  Recompense,  reward,  requite. 

4.  Perfect,  complete,  finish,  consummate. 
Crowning:,  a.     Perfecting,  finishing,  consummat- 
ing, completing,  supremely  dignifying. 

Crown-law,  «.     \.Eng.\    Criminal  law. 
Crown-post,  ».     King-post. 
Crown-wheel, «.    Contrate-wheel. 
Crucial,  a.     I.   Transverse,  intersecting. 

2.      Severe,      searching,      trying,      decisive, 
critical. 
Cruciate,  a.    (Bat.)    Cruciform,  cross-shaped. 
Cruciform,  a.     Cross-shaped,  cruciate. 
Crucify,  V.  a.     I.   Put  to  death  upon  the  cross 

2.  Torture,  sacrifice,  immolate,  annihilate, 
exterminate, 

3.  Subdue  (as  the  passiotis,  by  Christian  prin- 
ciples), overcome,  mortify. 

Crude,  a.  I.  Raw,  uncooked,  undressed,  in  a 
raw  state. 

2.  Immature,  unripe,  harsh. 

3.  Coarse,  unrefined. 

4.  Unpremeditated,  indigested,  immaiture,  un- 
polished, rude,  uncouth,  awkward. 

Crudeness,  n.  Rawness,  crudity,  coarseness, 
immaturity,  awkwardness. 

Crudity,  «.     Rawness.     See  Crudeness. 

Cruel,  a.  I.  Unmerciful,  inhuman,  merciless, 
unfeeling,  uncompassionate,  fell,  dire,  ruthless, 
barbarous,  pitiless,  relentless,  unrelenting,  inex- 
orable, savage,  ferocious,  brutal,  sanguinary,  tru- 
culent, blood-thirsty,  hard-hearted. 
2.    Severe,  hard,  sharp,  bitter. 

Cruelty,  n.  Inhumanity,  barbarity,  ruthlessness, 
brutality,  brutishness,  ferocity,  savageness,  tru- 
culence,  blood-thirstiness. 

Cruet,  n.     Vial,  cruse,  caster. 

Cruet-stand,  n.     Casters,  castor. 

Cruise,  v.  n.     Rove  over  the  sea,  sail  about. 

Cruise,  «.     Roving  voyape. 

Crumble,  v.  a.  Cmsh,  break  to  pieces,  disinte- 
grate, reduce  to  fragments. 


Cromhle,  v.  ».     I.    Fall  to  pieces,  break  into 

pieces,  become  disintegrated. 
2.    Perish,  fall  into  decay. 
Crumple,  v.  a.     Wrinkle,  rumple. 
Cruse,  n.    Vial,  cruet,  caster. 
Crush,    V.    a.     I.  Compress,    squeeze,    bruise, 

contuse. 

2.  Break    in    pieces,    crumble,    disintegrate, 
comminute,  bray. 

3.  Demolish,  break  down,  shatter,  raze. 

4.  Overpower,  overcome,  overwhelm,  subdue, 
quell,  conquer. 

Crust,  n.     Incrustation,  hard  coating. 

Crustacea,  «•  //•    See  Crustaceans. 

Crustacean,  a.     Crustaceous. 

Crustaceans,  «.  pi-  Shell-fish  (.with  thift^  Jointed 
shells,  like  the  lobster). 

Crustaceous,  a.     Crustacean. 

Crusty,  a.  Touchy,  testy,  pettish,  waspish,  snap- 
pish, peevish,  fretful,  petulant,  churlish,  crabbed, 
froward,  surly,  morose,  cynical,  snarling,  ill- 
tempered.     See  Cross. 

Cry,  V.  ft.  I.  Exclaim,  clamor,  call,  make  an 
outcry,  cry  out 

2.  Weep,  sob,  shed  tears. 

3.  Vociferate,  shout,   hoot,   yell,  roar,  bawl, 
squall,  scream. 

Cry,  V.  a.  Proclaim,  publish,  make  public,  make 
proclamation  of,  blazon,  blaze  abroad. 

Ciy,  ft.  ^  I.  Exclamation,  ejaculation,  outcry,  ac- 
clamation. 

2.  Plaint,  lament,  lamentation,  crying,  weeping. 

3.  Scream,  shriek,  screech,  howl,  yell,  roar, 
bawl. 

4.  Pack,  (of  houftds). 

Cry  down.    Decry,  depreciate,  condemn. 

Ctying,  ft.     Weeping,  lamentation. 

Crying,  a.     I.  Weeping,  lamenting. 

2.   Notorious,  great,  enormous,  heinous,  fla- 
grant, nefarious. 

C17  out*     Exclaim,  clamor. 

Cry  out  against.  Blame,  censure,  condemn,  com- 
plain of. 

Ciypt,  «.    Vault,  tomb,  catacomb. 

Cry  up.    Extol,  commend,  praise,  laud. 

Cud,  ft.  I.  Whelp,  young  beast  (especially  a 
young  bear). 

2.    {In  cotttempt.'\   Child,  young  boy  or  young 
girl,  brat. 

Cube,  n.    I.  Regular  hexahedron. 
2.   Third  power. 

Cube,  V.  a.     Raise  to  the  third  power. 

Cubeb,  «.  Java  pepper  (Piper  cubeba\  cubeb- 
pepper. 

Cucking-6tool,  tt.  Castigatory,  trebuchet,  turn- 
brel,  Hucking-stool. 

Cuckoo-bud,  «.  Butter-cup,  king's-cup,  butter- 
flower,  gold-cup  (Ranunculus  bulbosa), 

Cuckoo-Spittle,  ».     Froth-spit. 

Cucullate,    \  a.     I.    Hooded,  cowled. 

Cucullated,  )         2.    Hood-shaped. 

Cudden,  n.  I.  (Obsolete.)  Clown,  stupid 
rustic 

2.   Coal-fish,  cuddy  (Gadus   carbonarius  or 
Merlangus  carbonarius). 

Cuddle,  V.  n.  Snuggle,  nestle,  squat,  lie  close,  lie 
snue,  move  close  together. 

Cuddle,  V.  a.  Hug,  embrace,  fondle,  fold  warmly 
up. 

Cuddy,  n.     I.  Cabin  (in  the  fore-part  of  a  boat). 

2.  Cudden,  coal-fish. 

3.  Ass,  donkey. 

4.  Dolt,  clown,  stupid  fellow. 
Cudgel,  n.    Club,  bludgeon. 

Cudgel,  V.  a     Cane,  drub,  thrash,  baste,  beat 

with  a  cudgel.     See  Beat 
Cudweed,  ft.   Everlasting,  goldylocks,  immortelle. 


CUE 


104 


CURRENT 


Cae»  n.     I.   Hint,  suggestion,  intimation,  catch- 
word, wink,  nod. 
2.  Kod  (in  billiards). 

Cnfft  n.     Blow,  stroke,  box,  slap. 

Culfr  »•  <»•     Beat,  strike,  buffet,  box,  slap. 

Cui  bono.    [L.]    For  whose  benefit,  of  what  use. 

Cuirass*  n.    Breastplate. 

Cuisine,  n.    [Fr.]    I.    Kitchen,  cooking  depart- 
ment. 
2.  Cookery,  style  of  cooking. 

Cul-de-sac,  «.    [Fr.]     Blind  alley. 

Culinary,  a.     Cooking,  kitchen . 

Cull,  V  a.     I.   Select,  elect,  choose,  pick,  single 
out,  fix  upon,  pitch  upon,  pick  out. 
2.   Gather,  pluck,  collect,  pick  up. 

Cully,  «.   Dupe,  gull,  cat's  paw,  credulous  person. 

Cully,  V.  a.  Cheat,  trick,  dupe,  gull,  chouse, 
deceive,  delude,  overreach,  cozen,  circumvent, 
beguile,  impose  upon. 

Culm,  n.     I.   Stalk  {.of  corn,  grasses,  etc.),  stem. 
2.   Glance-coal,  blind-coal,   hard-coal,   anthra- 
cite (in  small  particles). 

Culminate,  v.  n.     I.    Be  on  the  meridian. 

2.  Reach  the  highest  point,  be  at  the  highest 
point. 

Culpability,      n.      Blamableness,     culpableness, 

blame,  smfulness,  criminality- 
Culpable,  a.    Blamable,  censurable,  reprehensible, 
faulty,  blameworthy,  wrong. 

Culpableness,  «.     See  Culpability. 

Culprit,  n.   Criminal,  malefactor,  delinquent,  felon. 

Cult,  n.     I.    Homage,  worship. 

2.    System  or  mode  of  worship,   ceremonial, 
religious  ceremonial,  ritual. 

Cultivate,  v.  a.  I.  Till,  prepare  for  crops,  raise 
crops  from,  improve  by  husbandry. 

2.  Improve,  refine,  elevate,  civilize,  meliorate, 
make  better,  train,  discipline,  develop. 

3.  Study,  investigate,  pursue,  search  into. 

4.  Foster,  cherish,  promote,  nourish,  patronize. 
Cultivation,    «.     I.  Tillage,    agriculture,     hus- 
bandry, culture. 

2.  Improvement,  refinement,  elevation,  civili- 
zation, culture. 

3.  Study,  pursuit,  investigation. 

4.  Fostering,  cherishing,  nourishing,   promo- 
tion, patronage. 

Culture,  «.     I.   Agriculture,  tillage. 

2.  Improvement,  refinement,  cultivation,  civili- 
zation. 
Cumber,  v.  a.    I.   Overload,  oppress,  clog,  ham- 
per, obstruct,  encumber. 

2.    Distract,    trouble,     embarrass,     perplex, 
plague,  harass,  worry,  torment. 
Cumbersome,  a.     I.   Burdensome,  embarrassing, 
troublesome,  vexatious,  cumbrous. 

2.  Unwieldy,  unmanageable,  clumsy,  awkward, 
inconvenient. 
Cumbrous,  a.    Burdensome.     See  Cumbersome. 
Cumulative,  a.  ^  Continually  increasing,   succes- 
sively gaining  in  force. 

Cuneated,  1 "'     ^"°^ifo'''"»  wedge-shaped. 

Cuneiform,  a.    Cuneate,  wedge-shaped. 

Cunner,  «.     I.   (Conch.)     Limpet  (Patella). 

2.  (Ick.)    Conner,  burgall,  blue  perch,  chog- 
set. 

Cunning,  a.  I.  Crafty,  artful,  sly,  astute,  subtle, 
wily,  shrewd,  sharp,  designing,  intriguing,  de- 
ceitful, tricky,  crooked,  diplomatic,  Machiavelian. 

2.  Skilfully  wrought,  ingenious,  curious. 

3.  [Archaic  or  poetical.^     Skilled,  dexterous, 
skilful. 

Cunning,  n.  I.  Craft,  art,  shrewdness,  subtlety, 
artifice. 

2.   Craftiness,  craft,  artifice,  deceit,  deception, 
subtlety,  intrigue,  chicane,  chicanery. 


Cup,  «.     I.   Chalice,  beaker,  goblet,  bowL 

2.  Draught,  potion,  cupful. 

3.  Lot,  portion. 

4.  Cupping-glass. 

Cupboard,  «.    Buffet,  china-doset,  closet 

Cupful,  n.    Cup. 

Cupidity,  n.     I.   Longing,  hankering,  greed,  lust, 

strong  desire. 
2.  Avarice,  covetousness,  inordinate  desire  of 

wealth. 
Cupping-glass, «     Cup. 
Cups,  n  pi.     Orgies,  revels,  bacchanals,  carousal, 

wassail,  compotation,  drinking-bout. 
Curative,  a.     Remedial,  sanatory. 
Curator,  «.    Guardian,  custodian,  superintendent, 

keeper. 
Curb,  n.     I.   Restraint,  hindrance,  bridle.     See 

Check,  i. 

2.  Curb-stone,  edge-stone. 

3.  Breast-wall,  retaining-wall. 

Curb,  V.  a.  Check,  restrain,  control,  repress,  bridle, 
put  under  restraint,  keep  under,  hold  in  check. 

Curb-roof,  «.     Mansard-roof,  gambrel-roof. 

Curb-stone,  «.     Curb,  edge-stone. 

Curcuma  paper.    Turmeric  paper. 

Curd,  n.    Caseine,  coagulum  of  milk,  coagulated 
milk. 

Curd,  V.  a.    I.   Coagulate,  convert  into  curds. 
2.   Thicken,  coagulate,  stiffen,  chill,  congeal. 

Curd,  V.  n.     I.    Coagulate,  turn  to  curds. 

2.   Thicken,  coagulate,  stiffen,  chill,  congeal. 

Curdle,  v.  a.  and  v.  n.     See  Curd,  v.  a.  and  v.  n. 

Curdy,  a.     Coagulated,  curd-like,  full  of  curds. 

Cure,   n.     I.   Remedy,  antidote,   restorative,  re- 
parative, corrective,  help,  specific. 

2.  Healing,  restoration. 

3.  Remedial  treatment,  method  of  treatment, 
therapy. 

4.  Spiritual  charge  or  treatment,  curacy. 
Cure,  V.  a.     I.    Remedy,  heal. 

2.  Restore  to  health. 

3.  Preserve  (Jrom  putrefaction),  prepare  for 
preservation. 

Curiosity,  «.     I.   Inquisitiveness. 

2.  Phenomenon,  wonder,  marvel,  rarity,  sight, 

spectacle. 
Curious,  a.     I.  Inquisitive,  scrutinizing,  prying, 

peering. 

2.  Rare,  singular,  strange,  unusual,  unique, 
extraordinary,  queer,  out  of  the  way. 

3.  Elegant,  neat,  nice,  finished,  skilful,  cun- 
ning, well-wrought. 

Curl,  n.     I.    Ringlet. 

2.    Sinuosity,    winding,    undulation,    flexure, 
wave,  waving. 
Curl,  V.  a.     I.   Crisp,  turn  in  ringlets. 

2.  Writhe,  wind,  twist. 

3.  Raise  in  waves. 

Curl,  V.  n.    Be  bent  into  curls  or  waves,  ripple, 

wind,  twist,  turn,  writhe. 
Curl-cloud,  «.     {Meteor.)  Cirrus,  cat's  tail,  mare's 

tail. 
Curmudgeon,  «.     Miser,  niggard,   churl,  hunks, 

skinflint,  scrimp,  lickpenny,  screw,  mean  fellow, 

sordid  wretch. 
Currency,  «.     I.   Publicity,  general  reception. 

2.  Circulation,  transmission  from  hand  to  hand. 

3.  Money ;  aggregate  of  coin,  bills  and  notes  ; 
circulating  medium. 

Current,  a.     l.   Common,  general,  popular,  rife, 
generally  received,  in  every  one's  mouth. 

2.  Circulating  (as  money),  passing  from  hand 
to  hand. 

3.  Present,  existing,  instant,  now  passing. 
Current,  «.   I.  Stream,  moving  volume  (of fluid), 

2.  Tide,  running  water. 

3.  Course,  progression. 


CURRENTLY 


105 


CZAROWITZ 


Currently*  ad.    Generally,  commonly,  publicly, 

popularly. 
Cnrriculttin,  n.     Course  of  studies. 
Curry t  «•     I«   Curry-sauce. 

2.  Curry-powder. 

3.  Curried  dish,  curried  stew,  curried  meat. 
Curry,  z'.  a.     I.    'Dr&ss  {tanned  leather). 

2.  Comb,  clean  with  a  comb  or  currycomb. 

3.  Beat,  drub,  thrash,  cudgel. 

4.  Cook  or  flavor  with  curry. 

Curry-powder, «.    Curry. 

Curse,  V.  a.  I.  Execrate,  anathematize,  de- 
nounce, invoke  or  imprecate  evil  upon,  impre- 
cate, maledict. 

2.  Blast,  blight,  doom,  destroy,  bring  a  curse 
upon. 

3.  Injure,  vex,  harass,  torment,  torture, 
scourge,  plague,  afflict,  annoy. 

Curse,  V.  n.     Utter  curses. 

Curse,  n.  I.  Malediction,  anathema,  execration, 
imprecation,  fulmination,  denunciation,  ban. 

2.  Scourge,  plague,  torment,  affliction,  troulale, 
vexation,  annoyance,  bitter  pill,  thorn  in  the  side. 

3.  Sentence,  condemnation,  condemning  sen- 
tence, ban,  penalty. 

Cursed,  a.  I.  Accursed,  blighted,  banned,  curse- 
laden. 

2.  Detestable,  hateful,  abominable,  execrable, 
villanous. 

3.  Scourging,  plaguing,  tormenting,  annoying, 
troublesome,  vexatious,  confounded  {.collog.), 
plaguy  (folloq.). 

Cursory*  «•  Hasty,  slight,  superficial,  careless, 
desultory,  transient,  passing,  brief. 

Curt,  a.     I.   Short,  brief,  concise,  terse,  laconic. 
2.   Short  and  dry,  crusty,  snappish,  short  and 
rude,  tart 

Curtail,  v.  a.     I.  Shorten,    abridge,    retrench, 
lop,  cut  short, 
2.  Diminish,  lessen,  decrease. 

Curtailment,  «.  Abbreviation,  abridgment,  con- 
traction, shortening,  reduction,  retrenchment, 
cutting  off  or  down. 

Curvature,  «.     I.  Bending,  bend,  flexure,  aook, 
curvity,   curve,  incurvation,  arcuation. 
2.   Rate  of  curvature  or  inflection. 

Curve,  «.     Bend.     See  Curvature,  i. 

Curve,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.  Bend,  crook,  inflect,  turn, 
wind. 

Curvet*  v.n.    I.   Leap,  bound,  vault. 
2.   Caper,  frisk. 

Curvet*  ».    I.   Leap,  bound. 
2.   Caper,  frolic,  prank. 

Curvity,  «.    See  Curvature,  i,^ 

Cushat,  n.  Ring-dove,  wood-pigeon  {Colutnba 
palumbus). 

Cusk,  «.    Torsk,  tusk  {Brosmius  vulgaris). 

Cusp,  «.     Point,  angle,  horn. 

Cuspidate,    \a.    {Bat.)     Pointed,    acute,    sharp, 

Cuspidated,  S     acuminate,  acuminated. 

Custodian,  n.  Guardian,  keeper,  curator,  warden, 
superintendent. 

Custody,  «.  I.  Keeping,  care,  watch,  guardian- 
ship, protection,  safe-keeping. 

2*  Confinement,  imprisonment,  prison,  dur- 
ance, duress. 

Custom,  n.  I.  Habit  {o/  a  majority),  usage, 
fashion,  practice,  rule,  consuetude,  wont.  See 
Habit. 

2.  Form,  formality,  observance. 

3.  Patronage. 

4.  Tax,  impost,  duty,  tribute,  toll. 
Customary,  a.      Usual,  common,   wonted^  habit- 
ual, accustomed,  conventional,  consuetudmary. 

Customer,  n.     Purchaser,  buyer,  patron. 


Cut,  V.  a.  I,  Divide  or  sever  (by  an  edged  iooT)^ 
chop,  make  an  incision  in,  wound  {^ith  a  cutting 
instruntent). 

2.  Sculpture,  carve,  chisel. 

3.  Cross,  intersect. 

4.  Wound,  hurt,  touch,  move,  pierce. 

5.  {ColloqJ)      Slight     {dy   not    recognizing), 
avoid  recognizing. 

Cut*  n.     I.   Gash,  incision. 

2.  Channel,  passage. 

3.  Slice,  piece. 

4.  Sarcasm,  fling,  taunt,  cutting  remark. 

5.  Fashion,  style,  form,  shape. 

6.  Path,  way. 

7.  Engraving,  engraved  picture. 

Cut  a  dash.  Make  a  display  or  great  figure,  make 
a  show,  show  off,  cut  a  figure. 

Cut  a  figure.     See  Cut  a  dash. 

Cutanddrie4.  Prepared  beforehand,  got  up  for 
the  occasion. 

Cut  capers.  Frolic,  be  merry,  be  frolicsome, 
play  pranks,  cut  didos. 

Cutch,  n.  Catechu,  gambler,  Japan  earth*  Terra 
Japonica. 

Cut  didos.     See  Cut  capers. 

Cut  down.     I.   Fell. 

2.  Diminish,  lessen,  abridge,  abbreviate,  cur- 
tail, retrench. 

Cuticle, «,     Epidermis,  scarf-skin. 

Cutis,  n.     {Anat.)    Derm,  true  skin. 

Cut  out.     I.   Remove  (by  cutting),  excise, 

2.  Shape,    form,    fashion,   contrive,   prepare, 
lay  out,  plan. 

3.  Outdo,  excel,  surpass,  take  precedence  of. 
See  Beat. 

4*   Debar,  hinder,  prevent. 
Cutpurse,  «.     Pickpocket,  thief,  robber. 
Cut  short.    I.   Bring    to    a    sudden    close,    end 
abruptly. 

2.  Check  suddenly,  hinder  from  proceeding. 

3.  Abridge,  diminish. 

Cut-throat*  n.  Murderer,  assassin,  ruflian* 
bravo. 

Cutting,  a.    I.   Sharp,  keen. 

2.   Severe,  sarcastic,  satirical,  wounding. 

Cycle*  «.  Period,  circle  of  time,  revolution  of 
time,  round  of  years. 

Cyclopaedia*  «.     Encyclopaedia. 

Cyclopean*  a.  Gigantic,  colossal,  vast,  enormous, 
immense,  Herculean. 

Cygnet,  n.    Youns  swan. 

Cymbiform,  a.     Boat-shaped. 

Cynanche*  ».  [Gr.]  (Med.)  Inflammation  of  the 
throat. 

C3naic,  n.  ^  I.   Follower  of  Diogenes. 
2.   Misanthrope,  man-hater. 

Cynical,  a.  I.  Carping,  censorious,  satirical,  sar- 
castic, captious,  snarling,  snappish,  waspish,  pet- 
tish, petulant,  fretful,  peevish,  touchy,  testy, 
crusty,  churlish,  crabbed,  cross,  morose,  surly, 
ill-tempered,  ill-natured- 

2.  Contemptuous,  derisive,  scornful,    bitterly 
unbelieving,  pessimistic,  misanthropic. 

C3^0Sure*  «.     I.    Lesser  Bear,  Ursa  Minor. 
2.    Point    or  centre  of  attraction. 

Cyprian,  «.  ^  Prostitute,  harlot,  whore,  drab, 
strumpet,  night-walker,  lewd  woman,  woman  of 
the  town,  woman  of  ill-fame.     See  Courtesan. 

Cyst,  «.     Pouch,  sac. 

Czar*  n.  [Written  also  Tsar.]  Emperor  of  Rus- 
sia, Autocrat  of  all  the  Russias. 

Czarevna,  «.     Wife  of  the  Czarowitz. 

Czarina^  n.     Empress  of  Russia. 

Czarowitz,  «.  Czar's  eldest  son,  Czarevitch  pf 
Czarewitch. 


DAB 


106 


DARK 


D 


Dal),  V.  a.    I.  Strike,  slap,  box. 

2.   Pat,  strike  gently, 
Dal),  «.     I.   Blow,  stroke,  pat. 

2.  Lump,  pat,  lumpy  mass. 

3.  Salt-water  flounder,  fluke. 

4.  (Colloq.)  Adept,  expert,  proficient,  master- 
hand,  capital  hand,  nice  hand,  good  hand,  dab- 
ster (collog.). 

Dabble,   v.   a.      Wet,   spatter,  sprinkle,  moisten, 

dip,  soak. 
Dabble,  v.  n.     I.   Play  in  water,  splash  about. 

2.  Work  superficially,  make  slight  efforts, 
fritter  away  time. 

3.  Tamper,  meddle,  take  liberties. 
Dabbler,  n.     Sciolist,  quack,  superficial  meddler. 
Dabchick,  «.      Didapper,  dobchick,   little  grebe 

(Podiceps  minor). 
Dabster,  ».     {Collog.)    Expert,  adept,  dab. 
Dace,  n.    Dar,  dare,  dart  (Leuciscus  vulgaris). 

Daddy,  }**•     ^.Childish  terms.\    Father, 
Daddy-long-legs,  «.     I.   Father-long-legs,  crane- 
fly. 
2.  Shepherd-spider,  harvest-man. 
Dado,  «.     Die,  cube  of  a  pedestal. 
Daedalian,  a.     Intricate,  maze-like,  mazy,  daedal. 

^adSfedilly,  }  «'     I^afTodil,  narcissus. 

Daffodil,  «.  Narcissus,  daffadilly,  daffadowndilly, 
affodil,  asphodel  {in  the  early  English  poets 
inaccurately). 

Daft,  a.  \Scotch.'\  I.  Stupid,  silly,  foolish,  de- 
lirious, insane,  absurd. 

2.  Playful,  frolicsome,  mirthful,  merry, 
sportive. 

Dagger,  «.     Poniard,  dirk,  stiletto. 

Daggle,  V.  a.     Draggle,  bemire,  befoul,  soil,  dirty. 

Daggle-tail,  «.  Slattern,  slut,  sloven,  draggle- 
tail,  slovenly  person. 

Daily,  a.    Diurnal,  quotidian. 

Dainty,  a.  I.  Delicious,  savory,  nice,  delicate, 
tender,  palatable,  luscious,  toothsome. 

2.  Elegant,  delicate,  beautiful,  neat,  fine. 

3.  Fastidious,  squeamish,  scrupulous,  over- 
nice. 

Dain'^,  «.  Delicacy,  tidbit,  titbit,  nice  bit, 
choice  morsel,  delicate  morsel. 

Dale,  n.     Vale,  valley,  bottom,  dell,  glen,  dingle. 

Dalliance,  n.  Caressing,  fondling,  endearments, 
billing  and  cooing. 

Dally,  V.  n.     I.  Trifle,  dawdle,  lose  time,  waste 
time,  idle  away  time,  fritter  away  time. 
2.   Fondle,  toy,  interchange  caresses. 

Daltonism,  n.     Color-blindness. 

Dam,  «.     Mother  [of  a  beast),  female  parent. 

Damage,  «.  injury,  harm,  hurt,  detriment,  mis- 
chief, loss. 

Damage,  v.  a.     Injure,  impair,  hurt,  harm,  mar. 

Damages,  n.  pi.  Indemnity,  satisfaction,  fine, 
forfeiture. 

Damask -plum,  n.    Damson. 

Dame,  «.     Mistress,  matron,  lady,  madam.^ 

Damn,  v.  a.     l.   Condemn,  judge  to  be  guilty. 

2.  {Theol.)  Doom  to  perdition,  doom  to  eter- 
nal punishment,  punish  eternally. 

3.  Condemn,  doom,  put  down,  ruin,  kill  (all 
in  a  metaphorical  sense,  as  applied  to  a  play, 
writing,  or  cause). 

Damnable,  a.  Odious,  detestable,  execrable,  hate- 
ful, abominable,  outrageous,  atrocious,  cursed, 
accursed. 


Damnatory,  a.    Condemnatory. 
Damp,  n,      I.   Moisture,  vapor,  fog,  dampness, 
dank. 

2.  Noxious    exhalation,  choke-damp  or  fire- 
damp. 

3.  Depression,  dejection,  chill. 
Damp,  a.     Moist,  humid,  dank,  wet. 
Damp,  V.  a.     I.    Moisten,  dampen. 

2.  Check,  repress,  restrain,  moderate,  allay, 
abate. 

3.  Chill,  cool,  deaden,  depress,  deject. 
Dampen,  v.  a.    Moisten,  damp. 

Damper,  «.  I.  Check,  hindrance,  obstacle,  im- 
pediment, lion  in  the  way. 

2.  Discouragement,  depression,  depressing  in- 
fluence, damp,  wet  blanket,  cold  water. 

Dampness,  «.     Moisture.     See  Damp,  n. 

Damsel,  ».  Maiden,  maid,  girl,  lass,  lassie,  miss, 
young  lady. 

Damson,  n.     Damask-plum. 

Dance,  «.  Measured  movement,  figured  and  rhyth- 
mic motion,  "poetiy  of  motion," 

Dance,   v.   n.      I.     Step    rhythmically,  move   to 
music,  take  part  in  a  dance. 
2.    Frisk,  caper,  hop  about. 

Dance,  v.  a.    Dandle,  toss  up  and  down. 

Dance  attendance.  Stand  and  wait  {obsequiously^ 
wait  upon. 

Dandiprat,  «.    Dwarf,  little  fellow. 

Dandle,  v.  a.     I.  Dance,  toss  up  and  down. 

2.    Fondle,    caress,    pet,  amuse    with  trifles, 
play  with- 

Dandruff,  «.    Scurf  {on  the  head). 

Dandy,  n.  I.  Beau,  fox,  coxcomb,  exquisite, 
popinjay,  macaroni,  jackanapes,  jack-a-dandy, 
man  of  dress,  man  milliner,  vain  fellow, 
cicisbeo. 

2.  Sloop-rigged  vessel. 

3.  Boatman,  waterman  (on  the  Ganges). 

4.  Dandy-roller  {in  paper-machine). 
Dandy-fever,  «.     Dengue,  break-bone  fever. 
Dandyism,   n.      Foppishness,  foppery,  man  mil- 
linery. 

Danger,  n.     Peril,  hazard,  risk,  jeopardy,  venture. 

Dangerous,  a.  Perilous,  hazardous,  unsafe,  criti- 
cal, ticklish,  risky,  full  of  risk. 

Dangle,  v.   n.      I.     Swing,    hang    loose,    bang 
pendulous. 
2.   Fawn,  hang  about,  be  obsequious. 

Dangle,  v.  a.       Swing,     make    oscillate,    wave 


Dank,  a.     Moist,  damp,  humid,  wet. 

Dank,  «.    See  Damp,  n. 

Dapper,  a.     I.   Active,  lively,  brisk,  agile,  nimble, 
spry,  smart,  quick,  alert,  ready. 
2.   Spruce,  nice,  neat,  trim,  pretty. 

Dapple,  a.     Variegated,  spotted,  dappled- 
Dapple,  V.  a.     Variegate,  spot,  diversify. 

Dare,  v.  n.  Venture,  presume,  make  bold,  have 
courage,  be  bold  enough,  be  not  afraid. 

Dare,  v.  a.     Brave,  defy,  challenge. 

Dare-devil,  n.  Desperado,  rash  adventurer,  reck- 
less or  desperate  fellow. 

Dare-devil,  a.     Reckless,  rash,  inconsiderate. 

Daring,  a.  Bold,  adventurous,  fearless,  brave,  in- 
trepid, valorous,  valiant,  courageous,  gallant,  chiv- 
alrous, doughty,  heroic,  undaunted,  dauntless. 

Daring,  «.  Boldness,  intrepidity,  valor.  See 
Bravery,  Courage. 

Dark,  a.  I.  Unilluminated,  unenlightened,  dusky, 
shadowy,     rayless,    sunless,     darksome,    lurid, 


DARK 


107 


DEAD  LANGUAGE 


murky,    cloudy,  shady,    overcast,   black,  ebon, 
Cimmerian,  piichy. 

2.  Mysterious,  obscure,  incomprehensible,  un- 
intelligible, enigmatical,  mystic,  mystical,  recon- 
dite, occult,  transcendental,  abstruse,  cabalistic. 

3.  Gloomy,  disheartening,  discouraging,  cheer- 
less, dismal. 

4.  Untaught,  ignorant,  unlettered,  rude,  dark- 
ened, benighted. 

5.  Wicked,  atrocious,  infamous,  foul,  nefari- 
ous, flagitious,  horrible,  damnable,  vile,  infernal. 

Dark,  n.     I.   Darkness,  obscurity,  want  of  light. 

2.  Concealment,  secrecy,  privacy. 

3.  Ignorance,  blindness,  want  of  knowledge. 
Darken,  v.   a,    I.   Obscure,  cloud,  dim,  shade, 

shadow,  make  dark,  make  dim. 

2.  Gloom,  make  gloomy,  sadden,  depress, 
damp,  chill. 

3.  Benight,  make  ignorant,  stultify,  stupefy. 

4.  Perplex,  obscure,   make  intricate. 

5.  Sully,  stain,  dull,  dim,  defile. 
Darken,  v.  «.     Grow  dark. 

Darkling,  a.      In  the  dark,  obscure,  mysterious, 

mystic,  hidden,  concealed. 
Darkness,  n.     I.   Obscurity,  dimness,  dark,  want 

of  light. 

2.  Ignorance,  blindness,  want  of  knowledge. 

3.  Gloom,  despondency,  cheerlessness,  joy- 
lessness. 

Darksome,  «.    Obscure,  gloomy.    See  Dark. 

Darling,  «.     Favorite,  idol,  pet,  dear,  love,  sweet- 
heart, dear  one. 

Darling,  a.     Favorite,  beloved,    dear,    precious, 
much  loved. 

Dart,  V.  a.      I.   Hurl,  throw,  launch,   jaculate, 
let  fly. 
2.   Emit,  shoot,  send  off. 

Dart,  V.  ft.     Rush,  fly  swiftly,  spring. 

Darter,  «.    {Omith.)    Snake- bird. 

Dartre,  «.    [Fr.]     Herpes,  tetter. 

Dartrous,  a.     Herpetic. 

Dash,  V.  a.     I.   Strike  violently,  hurl  forcibly. 

2.  Adulterate,  deteriorate  \by  mixture)^  alloy, 
mingle,  mix. 

3.  Suffuse,  overspread,  discolor,  color. 

4.  Disappoint,  frustrate,  thwart,  ruin,  destroy, 
shatter,  spoil. 

5.  Surprise,  confound,  abash,  put  to  shame. 
Dash,  V.  n.     Rush,  dart,  fly  swiftly. 

Dash,  «.     I.    Stroke,  blow. 

2.  Rush,  onset,  sudden  advance. 

3.  Infusion,  tinge,  tincture,  sprinkling,  spice, 
touch,  smack,  little,  small  quantity. 

4.  Spirit,  vigor,  ilan. 

5.  Flourish,  show,  ostentatious  display. 
Dash-board,  «.     Dasher. 

Dasher,  n.     Dash-board. 

Dashing,  a.      I.    Rushing,    roaring,    precipitate, 
impetuous,  headlong. 
2.   Spirited,  showy,  brilliant,  gay. 

Dash  in  pieces.     Break  in  pieces,  break  into  frag- 
ments, shatter,  shiver. 

Dash  off.     Execute  rapidlv,  throw  off  hastily. 

Dastard,  «.     Coward,  poltroon,  craven,  recreant, 
milksop. 

Dastard,  a.      Cowardly,    pusillanimous,   craven, 
recreant,  coward,  cowering,  base,  dastardly. 

Dastardly,  a.     Cowardly.     See  Dastard. 

Data,  «.  //.     Facts,  premises,  given  conditions. 

Date,  «.     Time^  epoch,  era.  age. 

Date,  V.  a.      Fix  the  date  of,  note  the  time  of,  affix 
a  date  to. 

Date,  V.  n.     Begin,  be  reckoned,  be  dated. 

Daub,  V.  a.     Smear,   besmear,  plaster,  cover,  be- 
daub, begrime,  soil,  sully,  defile,  deface. 

Daub,  n.     I.   Coarse  painting. 

2*   Smear,  smirch,  smeary  mass. 


Dauby,  a.  Adhesive,  viscous,  viscid,  glutinousi 
smeary,  sticky. 

Daunt,  V.  a.  Check  (by  alarm),  thwart,  deter  or 
stop  from  one's  purpose,  Irlghten  otf,  intimidate, 
discourage,  crush  the  courage  of,  dismay,  appall, 
cow,  tame,  subdue. 

Dauntless,  a.  indomitable,  unconquerable,  un- 
daunted, undismayed,  not  to  be  daunted  or  dis- 
mayed, fearless,  mtrepid,  bold,  brave,  daring, 
courageous,  gallant,  valiant,  valorous,  doughty, 
chivalrous,  heroic. 

Davy  Jones.     {Sailors'  term.']    The  Devil. 

Daw,  «.     Jackdaw  (jOorvus  monedula). 

Dawdle,  z/.  «.  Trifle,  dally,  fiddle,  lose  time, 
waste  time,  idle  away  time,  fritter  away  time, 
fool  away  time. 

Dawdler,  «.  idler,  trifler,  lounger,  laggard,  drone, 
sluggard,  slow-back,  inefficient  person. 

Dawn,  V.  n.     Z.   Break,  begin  to  be  light,  grow 
light. 
2.   Appear,  open,  break,  begin  to  appear. 

Dawn,  «.  Daybreak,  cockcrowing,  dayspring, 
dawning,  daypeep,  peep  of  day,  prime  of  day, 
first  blush  of  the  morning,  break  of  day. 

Dawning,  «.     I.   See  Dawn,  «. 
2.  Beginning,  first  appearance. 

Day,  «.  I.  Daytime  (.between  sunrise  and  sun- 
set). 

2.  (Period  of)  twenty-four  hours. 

3.  Sunshine,    daylight,    sunlight,    light    of 
day. 

4.  Lifetime,  time,  epoch,  age,  generation. 

5.  Appointed  time,  set  time,  promised  time. 

Day-blindness,  n.    Nyctalopy,  nocturnal  sight. 

Daybreak,  «.  Dawn,  dawning,  cockcrowing,  day- 
spring,  daypeep,  break  of  day,  peep  of  day, 
prime  of  day,  first  blush  of  the  morning. 

Day  by  day.     Daily,  every  day. 

Day-dream,  «.  Dream,  conceit,  idle  fancy,  vis- 
ionary scheme,  castle  in  the  air,  chMeau  en 
Espagne. 

Daylight,  n.  Sunlight,  sunshine,  day,  light  of 
day,  light  of  heaven. 

Day-sight,  «.     Hemeralopia,  night-blindness. 

Dayspnng,  n.    Dawn,  dawning.    See  Daybreak. 

Day-star,  n.     I.   Venus,   Lucifer,  Morning  Star, 
harbinger  of  day. 
2.   Sun,  orb  of  day. 

Daze,  V.  a.     I.   Dazzle,  blind. 

2.    Bewilder,  confuse,  perplex,  stupefy,  stun. 

Dazzle,  v.  a.     I,   Daze,  blind  (by  excess  of  light). 
2.   Astonish,    surprise,    overpower,    confound 
(by  splendor  or  brilliancy'). 

Dazzle,  «.  I.  Brightness,  brilliancy,  splendor, 
dazzling  light. 

2.   Meretricious    brilliancy    or   display,   false 
splendor,  surface  show. 

Dead,  a.  I.  Lifeless,  breathless,  inanimate,  de- 
ceased, defunct,  departed,  gone,  gone  to  one's 
last  home,  gathered  to  one's  fathers. 

2.  Dull,   frigid,  cold,  torpid,  inert,  unfeeling, 
callous,  obtuse,  indifferent,  lukewarm. 

3.  Vapid,  tasteless,  insipid,  flat. 

4.  Unemployed,  useless,  unprofitable. 

5.  Entire,  complete,  total,  utter. 

Dead,  n.      Depth,  midst,  darkest  or  coldest  or 

gloomiest  period. 
Dead  against.      Utterly  or  wholly  opposed,  out 

and  out  against. 
Dead  ahead.   (Naut.)  Directly  ahead  (m/*/-?/^ /-ft* 

wind). 
Dead-drunk,  a.     Completely  drunk. 
Deaden,  v.  a.     I.   Weaken,  impair,  abate,  restrain, 

retard,  dull,  damp,  dampen. 
2.   Blunt,  benumb,  paralyze,  obtund,  hebetate, 

make  insensible. 
Dead  language.     Language  no  longer  spoken. 


DEAD-LOCK 


108 


DECEITFUL 


Dead-lock,  n.  Complete  standstill,  utter  misun- 
derstanding, insoluble  difference. 

Deadiy*  «.     I.   Mortal,  fatal,  destructive,  deleteri- 
ous, noxious,  murderous. 
2.    Implacable,  rancorous,  sanguinary,  mortal. 

Deadly-nigJUt-sliade,  n.  Belladonna,  banewort, 
dwale  ^A  tropa  belladonna). 

Dead  marcll.     Funeral  march,  dirge. 

Dead  men.     I.   Empty  bottles  (a/  a  banquet), 
2.   Hanging  gasket-ends,  dangling  reef-euds. 

Dead  sllOt.     Unerring  marksman. 

Deaf,  a.    Without  hearing,  hard  of  hearing,  dull 

of  hearing- 
Deafen,  V.  a.     I.  Make  deaf,  deprive  of  hearing. 
2.   Stun,  confuse  with  clamor. 

Deaf-mnte,  «.     Deaf  and  dumb  person. 

Deaf  to.  Regardless  of,  heedless  of,  inattentive 
to. 

Deal,  n.    I.   Quantity,  degree,  extent. 

2.  Distribution  (fijf  cards). 

3.  Pine  plank. 

Deal,  V.  a.  Distribute,  give,  bestow,  dispense,  ap- 
portion, allot,  divide,  share,  deal  out,  dole  out, 
mete  out. 

Deal,  V.  n.  I.  Traffic,  trade,  do  business,  have 
commerce. 

2.  Behave,  act,  conduct  one's  self. 

3.  Distribute  cards. 

Deal  by.     Treat  {either  well  or  ill). 
Dealer,  «.     I.  Trader,  trafficker. 

2.   Distributor. 
Deal  in.    I.   Have  to  do  with,  be  engaged  in, 
practise. 
2.  Trade  or  traffic  in,  buy  and  sell. 
Dealing,  n.     I.   Conduct,  behavior,  action. 

2.   Commerce,    mtercourse,    business,     trade, 
traffic. 
Dear,  a.     I.   Costly,  expensive,  high-priced,  at  a 
high  price,  of  great  price. 

2.  Precious,  beloved,  darling,  much  loved, 
highly  esteemed  or  valued. 

3.  Earnest,  deep,  passionate,  intense,  furious. 
Dear,  «.     See  Darling,  n. 

Deartll,  «.      I.   Scarcity,  insufficiency,  deficiency, 
short  supply. 
2.   Need,  want,  lack,  famine,  short  commons. 

Death,  «.  Decease,  demise,  dyinjr,  dissolution,  de- 
parture, exit,  end  of  life,  King  of  terrors,  debt  of 
nature. 

Death-like,  a.     Cadaverous,  pale,  wan,  ghastly. 

Death's-head-moth,  «.    Hawk-moth. 

Debacle,  «.     I.    Break  up  {especially  of  ice),  rush, 
crashing  flood,  cataclysm. 
2.   Rout,  wild  flight,  stampede. 

Debar,  v.  a.  Exclude,  prohijjit,  prevent,  hinder, 
restrain,  withhold,  shut  out. 

Debark,  v.  n.  Land,  disembark,  go  on  shore, 
come  to  land,  leave  ship. 

Debase,  v  a.  I.  Lower,  depress,  reduce,  deteri- 
orate, impair,  vitiate,  injure,  pervert,  alloy. 

2.  Degrade,  abase,  disgrace,  dishonor,  humble, 
humiliate,  shame,  mortify,  bring  low,  take 
down. 

3.  Contaminate,  taint,  defile,  pollute,  foul,  be- 
foul, corrupt,  soil. 

Debasement,  ».  I.  Deterioration,  vitiation,  adul- 
teration, perversion. 

2.  Abasement,  degradation,  humiliation,  de- 
pravation, corruption,  pollution,  contamination, 
defilement. 

Debatable,  a.     Disputable,  open  to  discussion. 

Debate,  «.  I.  Disputation,  controversy,  discus- 
sion. 

2.  Altercation,  contest,  contention,  dispute, 
logomachy,  strife  of  words,  war  of  words. 

Debate,  v.  a.  I.  Discuss,  argue,  dispute,  contest, 
canvass. 


2.   Battle  for,  contest,  combat  for,  contend  for, 

contest  by  arms. 

Debate,  v.  n.  Argue,  dispute,  deliberate,  hold 
an  argument. 

Debauch,  v.  a.  I,  Corrupt,  vitiate,  deprave, 
pollute. 

2.  Seduce,  corrupt  (to  lewdness),  deflour,  rob 
or  spoil  of  virginity. 

Debauch,  «.  l.  Debauchery,  excess,  intemper- 
ance, dissipation,  dissoluteness,  licentiousness, 
lewdness,  lust  or  gluttony. 

2.  Potation,  compotation,  revels,  revelry, 
orgies,  bacchanals,  saturnalia,  carousal,  drinking- 
bout,  drunken  frolic,  spree  {colloq.). 

3.  Orgy,  indulgence  in  lust,  wantoning,  ex- 
cesses, bestial  indulgence. 

Debauchee,  «.  Libertine,  rake,  voluptuary,  profli- 
gate, man  of  pleasure,  roui. 

Debauchery,  n.     I.  Excesses,  dissipation,  disso- 
luteness. 
2.  Licentiousness,  lewdness.  See  Debauch,  n. 

Debilitate,  v.  a.  Weaken,  enervate,  enfeeble, 
exhaust,  prostrate,  relax,  render  weak,  make 
languid. 

Debility,  «.  Weakness,  feebleness,  languor,  pros- 
tration, exhaustion,  enervation,  imbecility,  infirm- 
ity, frailty,  loss  of  strength. 

Debonair,  a.  I.  Courteous,  affable,  polite,  refined, 
civil,  urbane,  complaisant,  obligmg,  gracious, 
easy,  kind,  well-bred. 

2.  Light-hearted,  buoyant,  vivacious,  spark- 
ling, sprightly,  cheery,  bright,  lightsome. 

3.  Elegant,  graceful,  lithe,  easy,  of  fine 
bearing. 

Debris,  n.  [Fr.]  Rubbish,  fragments,  ruins, 
remains,  detritus. 

Debt,  n.     I.   Due,  obligation,  liability,  debit. 

2.  Trespass,  offence,  transgression,  sin,  fault, 
shortcoming,  misdoing. 

Debt  of  nature.    See  Death. 

Debut,  «.     [Fr.]     First  attempt,  first  appearance. 

Decadence,  )  «.     Decay,  decline,  fall,  declension, 

Decadency,  j      degeneracy,  caducity. 

Decalogue,  «.     The  ten  commandments. 

Decamp,  v.  n.  I.  Break  up  camp,  march  away, 
march  off,  move  off. 

2.  Flee,  fly,  escape,  hasten  away,  run  away, 
go  away,  make  off,  pack  off,  steal  away. 

Decant,  v.  a.    Pour  off. 

Decapitate,  v.  a.  Behead,  decollate,  guillotine, 
deprive  of  the  head,  bring  to  the  scaffold,  bring 
to  the  block,  bring  under  the  headsman's  or  exe- 
cutioner's axe. 

Decapitation,  n.     Beheading,  decollation. 

Decarbonize,  v.  a.  Deprive  of  carbon,  free  from 
carbon. 

Decay,  v.  n.    I.   Decline,  fail,  deteriorate,  wither, 
waste,  perish,  be  impaired,  waste  away,  fall  into 
decay. 
2.   Rot,  putrefy,  be  spoiled. 

Decay,  «.  Decline,  decadence,  declension,  falling 
off,  deterioration,  degeneracy,  caducity. 

Decease,  «.     Demise,  dying.     See  Death. 

Decease,  v.  «.     Depart.     See  Die. 

Deceased,  a.  Dead,  defunct,  departed,  gone,  lost, 
late. 

Deceit,  «.  Deception,  fraud,  imposition,  impos- 
ture, finesse,  artifice,  duplicity,  guile,  trickery, 
chicanery,  cozenage,  cheating,  double-dealing, 
crooked  ways,  dark  ways,  underhandedness, 
deceitfulness. 

Deceitful,  a.  I.  Deceptive,  delusive,  illusive, 
illusory,  fallacious,  misleading,  counterfeit,  hol- 
low, insidious. 

2.  Full  of  deceit,  false,  fraudulent,  designing, 
insincere,  trickish,  tricky,  wily,  guileful,  double, 
double-faced,  double-hearted. 


DECEIVE 


109 


DECUPLE 


Deceive,  v.  a.  I.  Delude,  cheat,  dupe,  gull, 
cozen,  fool,  befool,  trick,  circumvent,  overreach, 
chouse,  beguile,  hoodwink,  impose  upon,  make  a 
fool  of,  play  a  trick  upon,  pull  wool  over  one's 
eyes. 

2.  Disappoint,  frustrate. 

3.  Beguile,  wile  away,  while  away. 
Deceiver,   «.     Impostor,  cheat,   trickster,    rogue, 

knave,  pretender. 
Decency,    n.      I.    Propriety,    decorum,     proper 

formality. 
2.   Modesty,  delicacy,  purity. 
Decent,    a.    I.    Proper,  becoming,  fit,  befitting, 

suitable,  decorous,  seemly,  comely. 

2.  Modest,  delicate,  pure. 

3.  iColloq.)  Tolerable,  passable,  moderate, 
respectable. 

Deception,  n.  I.  Imposture,  imposition.  See 
I)eceit. 

2.  Cheat,  ruse,  wile,  stratagem,  chouse.  See 
Trick. 

Deceptive,  a.  Deceitful,  deceiving,  delusive,  illu- 
sive, illusory,  misleading,  fallacious,  false. 

Decide,  V.  a.  Settle,  conclude,  determine,  close, 
terminate,  end. 

Decide,  v.  n.  Determine,  conclude,  resolve,  come 
to  a  conclusion,  give  a  decision,  make  a  decision, 
make  up  one's  mind 

Decided,  a.  I.  Determined,  unwavering,  unhesi- 
tating, resolute. 

2.  Unequivocal,  categorical,  positive,  absolute. 

3.  Unquestionable,  undeniable,  indisputable, 
unmistakable,  certain,  clear,  beyond  all  question, 
beyond  a  doubt,  past  dispute. 

Deciduous,  a.  (Boi.)  Non-perennial,  temporary, 
caducous. 

Decipher,  v.  a.    I.  Unravel,  unfold,    interpret, 
reveal,  explain,  expound. 
2.   Read,  make  out. 

Decision,  n.     I.  Conclusion,  judgment,  determi- 
nation, settlement. 
2.   Resolution,  firmness. 

Decisive,  a.    Conclusive,  final. 

Deck,  V.  a.  I.  Adorn,  embellish,  decorate,  orna- 
ment, array,  beautify. 

2.  Dress,  clothe,  apparel,  robe. 

3.  Cover  with  a  deck,  cover,  cover  in. 
Declaim,  v.  n.   I.  Harangue,  speak  {rhetorically^ 

mouth,  rant,  spout  {colloq.\ 
2.   Recite  a  speech,  practise  speaking. 
Declamation,    ».     I.    Declaiming,     haranguing, 
mouthing,  ranting,  spouting  {collog.). 

2.  Harangue,  set  speech. 

3.  Exercise  in  speaking. 
Declamatory,  a.     I.   In  the  style  of  declamation. 

2.  Rhetorical,  grandiloquent,  inflated,  bom- 
bastic, swelling,  pompous,  turgid,  pretentious, 
high-flown,  high-sounding,  fustian. 

Declaration,  n.  I.  Affirmation,  assertion,  assev- 
eration, averment,  protestation,  avowal. 

2.  Proclamation,  publication,  public  or  official 
announcement. 

Declarative,  a.    See  Declaratory. 

Declaratory,     a.     I.      Expressive,     affirmative, 
enunciative,  enunciatory,  assertive,  declarative. 
2.   Explanatory,  expository,  declarative. 

Declare,  v.  a.  Affirm,  assert,  aver,  asseverate, 
state,  proclaim,  publish,  promulgate,  communi- 
cate, announce,  utter,  make  known. 

Declare,  v.  «.  Make  a  declaration,  come  out, 
pronounce,  proclaim  one's  self. 

Declension,  n.  I.  Decline,  deterioration,  degen- 
eracy, decay,  diminution,  falling  off. 

2.  (^Gram.)  Inflection,  variation ;  mode  of 
inflection. 

3.  Refusal,  declination,  declinature,  non- 
acceptance. 


Declination,  n.     I.   Bending,  inclination. 

2.  Deterioration.     See  Declension,  i. 

3.  Deviation,  departure,  oblique  movement. 

4.  Declinature.     See  Declension,  3. 
Declinature,   «._   Refusal,   non-acceptance,  decli- 
nation, declension. 

Decline,  v.  n.     I.   Lean  downward,  incline,  slope. 

2.  Decay,  sink,  droop,  languish,  pine,  fail, 
become  feeble. 

3.  Deteriorate,  degenerate,  be  impaired. 

A.  Decrease,  lessen,  diminish,  wane,  fall  away. 
Decline,  v.  a.     I.   Refuse,  reject,  avoid. 

2.   {Gram.)     Inflect,  vary. 
Decline,  «.   I.   Deterioration,  degeneracy,  decay, 
diminution,  falling  off,  declension,  declination. 

2.   Consumption,  phthisis,  marasmus,  atrophy, 
gradual  wasting,  progressive  emaciation. 
Declivity,  «.     Slope  {downward),  descent. 
Declivous,  a.     Sloping,  descendmg. 
Decollate,  v.  a.     Behead,  decapitate,  guillotine. 
Decollation,  n.     Beheading,  decapitation. 

Krize,!-'*-    Deprive  of  color. 

Decompose,  v.  a.  Decompound,  disintegrate, 
analyze,  resolve,  resolve  into  its  elements. 

Decompose,  v.  n.  Decay,  putrefy,  become  corrupt, 
fall  into  decay,  go  to  pieces,  be  resolved  into  its 
elements. 

Decompnosition,  ».  I.  Analysis,  resolution,  disin- 
tegration. 

2.  Decay,  corruption,  putrescence,  disinte- 
gration, crumbhng,  dissolution,  rotting,  falling  to 
pieces. 

Decompound,  v.  a.    Analyze,  decompose. 

Decompound,  a.  Recompounded,  repeatedly  com- 
pounded. 

Decorate,  v.  a.  Adom,  deck,  ornament,  embellish, 
beautify,  enrich,  garnish. 

Decoration,  n.  I.  Adorning,  decking,  ornament- 
ing, ornamentation,  embellishing,  embellishment, 
beautifying,  enriching,  enrichment,  garnishing. 

2.  Ornament,  embellishment,  adornment,  en- 
richment. 

Decorous,  a.  Decent,  becoming,  suitable,  proper, 
befitting,  seemly,  comely,  fit. 

Decorum,  «.  Decency,  propriety,  seemliness, 
appropriate  behavior,  dignified  behavior,  dignity. 

Decoy,  v,  a.  Allure,  lure,  entice,  inveigle,  seduce, 
tempt,  entrap,  ensnare. 

Decoy,  «.     Lure,  allurement. 

Decoy-pigeon,  n.    Stool-pigeon. 

Decoy-rogue,  «.     See  Stool-pigeon. 

Decrease,  v.  «.  Diminish  {gradually),  lessen, 
wane,  decline,  ebb,  subside,  dwindle,  contract, 
abate,  grow  less. 

Decrease,  v.  a.  Diminish,  lessen,  retrench,  curtail, 
reduce,  lower,  tnake  less. 

Decrease,  n.  Diminution,  lessening,  decrement, 
reduction,  wane  or  waning,  declension,  decline, 
ebb,  ebbing,  subsidence,  contraction,  abatement. 

Decree,  v.  a.  Order,  ordain,  appoint,  enjoin, 
command,  determine,  decide,  enact. 

Decree,  «.  Edict,  enactment,  regulation,  law, 
order,  mandate,  fiat,  ordinance,  statute. 

Decrement,  «.  Decrease,  diminution,  lessening, 
waste,  loss. 

Decrepit,  a.  Superannuated,  effete,  shattered, 
worn  or  broken  down  with  age,  infirm  through 
age. 

Decrepitate,  v.  n.    Crackle,  snap,  crepitate. 

Decrepitude,  «.     Infirmity  of  age,  decline  of  life. 

Decrial,  «.  Condemnation,  disparagement,  depre- 
ciation, crying  down. 

Decry,  v.  a.  Disparage,  depreciate,  discredit, 
condemn,  traduce^  cry  down,  run  down,  bring 
into  disrepute,  bring  discredit  on. 

Decuple,  a.    Tenfold. 


DECUPLE 


110 


DEFER 


Decuple,  v.  a.  Increase  tenfold,  multiply  by  ten, 
make  ten  times  as  great. 

Decussate,  v.  a.  Intersect,  cross,  divide  cross- 
wise. 

Decussated,  }  **•    Crossed,  intersected,  reticulated. 

Decussation,  «.    Crossing,  intersection. 

Dedicate,  v.  a.  I.  Devote,  hallow,  sanctify,  con- 
secrate, set  apart  {to  God  or  the  purposes  of  re- 
ligion). 

2.  Devote,  consecrate,  give  earnestly  or 
wholly,  apply  completely  or  devotedly. 

3.  Address  {as  a  literary  wotk)^  inscribe. 
Dedicate,  a.     Devoted,    consecrated,    dedicated, 

set  apart. 

Dedication,  «.     I.  Consecration,  devotion. 
2.   Address,  inscription. 

Deduce,  v.  a.     Derive,  conclude,  infer. 

Deducible,  a.     Inferrible,  derivable. 

Deduct,  V.  a.  Subtract,  withdraw,  remove,  take 
away,  take  out. 

Deduction,  «.  I.  Subtraction,  withdrawal,  re- 
moval, taking  out  or  away. 

2.  Abatement,  allowance,  defalcation,  reduc- 
tion, discount. 

3.  Inference,  conclusion,  consequence,  corol- 
lary. 

Deed,  «.  I.  Act,  action,  performance,  exploit, 
achievement,  feat. 

2.  Reality,  fact,  truth. 

3.  {Law.)    Indenture. 

Deem,  v.  a.  Think,  regard,  consider,  hold,  be- 
lieve, suppose,  imagine,  judge,  count,  account, 
look  upon. 

Deem,  v.  «.  Think,  believe,  suppose,  opine,  fancy, 
be  of  opinion. 

Deep,  a.  I.  Down-reaching,  reaching  far  down, 
of  great  depth. 

2.  Mysterious,  intricate,  knotty,  difficult,  hard 
(to  comprehend),  unfathomable,  profound. 

3.  Sagacious,  penetrating,  intelligent,  discern- 
ing, shrewd,  astute. 

4.  Absorbed,  engrossed,  rapt  up. 

5.  Grave,  low,  not  high,  not  sharp. 

6.  Dark,  intense. 

7.  Great,  thorough,  entire,  heartfelt. 
Deep,  n.    I.   Sea,  ocean,  main,  abyss  of  waters. 

2.  Depth,  profound,  abyss,  deepest  part  or 
place,  recess,  bottom. 

3.  Mystery,  enigma,  profound  riddle. 

4.  Stillness,  silence,  stillest  part,  inmost  part, 
midst. 

Deep,  ad.    See  Deeply. 

Deepen,  v.  a.     I.   Make  deeper,  increase  the  depth 

2.  Make  darker,  make  more  intense,  darken, 
intensify. 

3.  Reduce  to  a  lower  tone,  make  more  grave, 
lower. 

4.  Make  more  impressive  or  efficient,  intensify, 
strengthen,  increase,  heighten,  make  more 
vivid. 

Deepen,  v.  n.  Grow  deeper,  become  deeper,  in- 
crease, heighten,  become  mtenser  or  more  de- 
cided. 

Deeply,  ad.  I.  Profoundly,  deep,  to  <7r  at  a  great 
depth,  far  down. 

2.  Thoroughly,  entirely,  completely,  pro- 
foundly. 

3.  Greatly,  very  much,  in  a  high  degree,  pro- 
foundly. 

Deer-berry,  «.  Tea-berry,  wintergreen,  partridge- 
berry,  boxberry,  mountain-tea  {Gaultheria  pro- 
cunibens). 

Deface,  v.  a.  Disfigure,  deform,  mar,  spoil,  in- 
jure, soil,  tarnish. 

D^Cement,  «.    Disfigurement,  injury. 


De  facto.    [L.]    I.   In  fact,  really,  actually,  as  a 
matter  of  fact. 
2.   Real,  actual. 

Defalcate,  v.  a.  ^Applied  especially  to  public  ac- 
counts, estimates,  etc.]  Lop,  lop  off,  cut  off, 
deduct  a  part  of,  retrench,  curtail,  reduce,  abate, 
deduct  from. 

Defalcation,  n.  I.  Diminution,  abatement,  re- 
duction, deduction,  discount. 

2.  Deficiency,  deficit,  default,  shortage,  short- 
coming, falling  short. 

3.  Fraudulent  shortage  {in  accounts),  default- 
ing, breach  of  trust,  embezzlement. 

Defamation,  «.  Slander,  calumny,  detraction,  ob- 
loquy, aspersion,  abuse,  backbiting,  scandal,  false 
accusation. 

Defamatory,  a.  Slanderous,  calumnious,  libellous, 
abusive,  false  and  injurious. 

Defame,  v.  a.  Asperse,  slander,  malign,  calumni- 
ate, traduce,  vilify,  revile,  libel,  blacken,  abuse, 
blemish,  run  down,  speak  ill  of. 

Defatllt,  «.     I.   Omission,  neglect,  failure. 

2.   Want,  lack,  destitution,  defect,  deficiency. 

Default,  V.  n.  Fail  to  keep  one's  engagement  or 
contract,  break  one's  trust,  be  guilty  of  defaulting 
or  defalcation. 

Defaulter,  «.  Delinquent  (in  failing  to  appear 
in  court,  or  in  accounting  for  tnoney  intrusted)^ 
embezzler. 

Defeat,    «.      I.   Overthrow,  downfall,  rout,  dis- 
comfiture, repulse. 
2.    Frustration. 

Defeat,  v.  a  I.  Conquer,  overthrow,  overcome, 
vanquish,  repulse,  beat,  discomfit,  rout,  check- 
mate. 

2.   Frustrate,  baffle,  foil,  balk,   thwart,    dis- 
concert, disappoint. 

Defecate,  v.  a.  Clarify,  clear,  purify,  refine, 
purge  of  extraneous  matter. 

Defecate,  z'.  «.  I.  Clear,  clarify,  become  pure, 
cleanse  itself. 

2.   Go  to  stool,  ease  one's  self,  evacuate  the 
bowels,  void  excrement. 

Defecation,  n.  I.  Clarification,  purification,  re- 
fining, cleansing. 

2.    Going  to  stool,  evacuation  (of  the  bowels), 
voiding  excrement. 

Defect,  n.  I.  Deficiency,  lack,  want,  destitution, 
default. 

2.  Imperfection,  blemish,  flaw. 

3.  Fault,  failing,  foible. 

Defect,  V.  n.  Abandon  allegiance,  break  fealty, 
desert,  revolt,  fall  away  from  duty. 

Defection,    «.       I.  Desertion,   abandonment   of 
allegiance,  revolt. 
2.   Apostasy,  backsliding. 

Defective,  a.     I.   Deficient,    insufficient,    inade- 
quate, incomplete. 
2.   Imperfect,  faulty,  marred. 

Defence,  «.  [Written  also  Defense?^  I.  Defend- 
ing, protecting,  protection,  guarding,  maintaining, 
maintenance,  holding. 

2.  Protection,  guard,  buckler,  shield,  bulwark, 
fortification,  tower  of  strength. 

3.  Vindication,    justification,    apology,    plea, 
excuse. 

Defenceless,  a.  Unprotected,  exposed,  weak, 
helpless,  unshielded,  unguarded,  unarmed. 

Defend,  v.  a.  I.  Guard,  shield,  secure  from 
danger,  secure  from  attack.     See  Protect. 

2.   Vindicate,  assert,  maintain,  uphold,  justify, 
espouse,  plead. 

Defender,  «.      I.  Asserter,  pleader,  maintainer, 
upholder. 
2.   Champion,  vindicator,  protector. 

Defer,  v  a.  Postpone,  delay,  adjourn,  procrasti- 
nate, put  off,  stave  off,  let  lie  over. 


DEFERENCE 


111 


DELAY 


i,  H.    I.   Respect,  regard,  esteem,  honor, 
reverence,  veneration,  homage,  obeisance. 

2.  Complaisance,  condescension. 

3.  Obedience,  submission. 
Deferential,  a.     Respectlui,  reverential. 

Defer  to.  Respect,  value,  yield  to,  pay  respect  to, 
think  much  of,  think  highly  of,  pay  deference  to, 
accord  superiority  to. 

Defiance,  «      I.   Daring,  challenge,  invitation  to 
combat  or  contest  ( of  any  kind). 
2.   Contempt,  opposition,  spite,  despite. 

Defiant,  a.      I.   Resistant,  contumacious,  recal- 
citrant. 
2.    Bold,  daring,  courageous. 

Deficiency,  n.  I.  Want,  lack,  defectiveness, 
insufficiency,  scantiness,  shortness,  meagreness, 
dearth,   scarcity,  shortage,  deficit. 

•  2.  Failing,  failure,  frailty,  infirmity,  imperfec- 
tion, foible,  fault,  error,  weakness,  weak  side, 
blind  side. 

Deficient,  a.  Defective,  insufficient,  imperfect, 
incomplete,  inadeouate,  unsatisfactory. 

Deficit,  «.    [L.]    Shortage.     See  Deficiency. 

Defile,  v.  a.  I.  Soil,  dirty,  stain,  tarnish,  make 
foul  or  filthy. 

2.  Sully,  taint,  pollute,  corrupt,  vitiate,  de- 
base, contaminate,  poison. 

3.  Debauch,  corrupt,  seduce,  deflour,  rob  of 
virginity. 

Defile,  v  n.    File  off,  march  in  a  line. 
Defilement,   «.      Pollution,  contamination,  taint, 

uncleanness,  abomination,  foulness. 
Definable,  a.     Determinable,  that  may  be  defined. 
Define,  v.  a.     I.    Limit,  bound,  circumscribe,  set 

bounds  to,  fix  the  limits  of. 

2.  Describe,  declare  the  properties  of. 

3.  Explain  the  meaning  of,  give  the  signifi- 
cation of. 

Definite,  a.  I.  Determinate,  determined,  defined, 
precisely  bounded. 

2.  Precise,  exact,  determinate,  certain. 

3,  {Grant.)    Limiting,  defining. 
Definition,  n.     I.   Explanation  {pf  the  meaning), 

exact  meaning. 

2.  Description  (by  a  statement  of  character- 
istic properties). 

3.  Defining,  exact  statement  of  the  meaning. 
Definitive,  a.     I.   Determinate,  positive,  express, 

explicit,  categorical,  unconditional. 
2.    Final,  conclusive,  decisive. 

DefljSCt,  V.  n.  Deviate,  diverge,  swerve,  turn 
aside,  bend,  waver. 

Deflect,  V.  a.  Bend,  turn  aside,  bend  down,  press 
down. 

Deflection,  n.     Deviation,  bending,  divergence. 

Defloor,  v.  a.  I.  Debauch,  defile,  constuprate, 
corrupt  (to  lewdness),  seduce,  rob  of  virginity. 

2.   Rob  of  its  first  bloom,  spoil  of  its  pnmal 
beauty,  deprive  of  its  freshness. 

Deform,  v.  a.  Disfigure,  distort,  deface,  mar, 
injure,  spoil,  make  unsightly,   make  ugly. 

DeformitTt  «•     !•   Distortion,  malformation,  mis- 
proportion,  ugliness,   inelegance,   disfigurement, 
monstrosity,  want  of  symmetry. 
2.   Irregularity,  deviation  from  propriety. 

Defraud,  v.  a  Cheat,  cozen,  trick,  dupe,  gull, 
deceive,  overreach,  circumvent,  delude,  hood- 
wink, chouse,  beguile,  impose  upon. 

Defray,  v.  a.     Pay,  discharge,  settle,  bear. 

Deft,  a.     I.   Dexterous,  skilful,  clever,  apt,  adroit, 
ready,  expert,  dab  {colloq.). 
2.    Neat,  pretty. 

Defunct,  a.     I,    Dead,  deceased,  departed,  gone. 
2.   Inoperative,  abrogated,  cancelled,  annulled, 
dead. 

Defy,  V.  a.  I.  Challenge,  dare,  bid  defiance  to, 
hurl  defiance  at,  call  to  combat. 


2.  Brave,  disregard,  slight,  scorn,  spurn,  de- 
spise, contemn,  flout,  treat  with  contempt,  tram- 
ple on,  set  at  nought,  snap  the  fingers  at,  set  at 
defiance. 

Degeneracy,  ».  I.  Deterioration,  debasement, 
abasement,  depravation,  degeneration,  degen- 
erateness,  declension,  caducity,  degradation,  de- 
cline, decrease,  falling  off,  growing  worse. 

2.  Inferiority,  meanness,  poorness,  low  estate 
or  state. 

Degenerate,  v.  «.  Deteriorate,  decline,  decay, 
become  worse,  grow  worse,  fall  off,  run  down, 
become  enfeebled  or  impaired  or  perverted. 

Degenerate,  a.  Inferior,  mean,  base,  corrupt, 
fallen,  degenerated,  decayed,  in  decadence. 

Deglutition,  n.     Swallowing. 

Degradation,  n.  I.  Dishonor,  disgrace,  humil- 
iation. 

2.  Deterioration,  abasement,  debasement,  de- 
generacy, degeneration,  decadence,  caducity,  de- 
cline, vitiation,  perversion. 

3.  (Geol.)  Wearing  away  (of  rocks,  eic.\ 
abrasion. 

Degrade,  v.  a.     I.   Disgrace,  dishonor,  discredit, 
break,   cashier,  humiliate,  humble,  depose,  re- 
.  duce  to  inferior  rank. 

2.  Lower,  sink,  deteriorate,  impair,  injure, 
debase,  vitiate,  pervert,  alloy. 

Degree,  «.    i.  Step,  stage. 

2.  Class,  rank,  order,  grade,  quality,  station, 
standing, 

3.  Measure,  extent. 

4.  Remove  (in  the  line  of  descent). 

5.  Division  (fis  on  a  scale),  interval,  space. 

6.  Literary  or  collegiate  distinction,  grade  in 
letters,  literary  title. 

Dehisce,  v.  «.    Open,  gape,  gape  open,  yawn. 
DeMscence,  «.     Opening,  gaping. 
Dehiscent,  a.     Opening,  gapmg. 
Dehortation,  n.     Dissuasion. 
Dehortative,  \  ^     r>;=c.,,c;„« 
Dehortatory,  r •     Dissuasive. 
Deification,  n.    Apotheosis,  deifying. 
Deify,  v.  a.     I.   Raise  to  the  rank  of  a  deity, 
place  among  the  gods,  apotheosize. 

2.  Idolize,  cultivate  idolatrously,  make  a  god 
of,  make  into  an  object  of  worship,  praise  or 
revere  as  a  deity. 

3.  Make  godlike,  exalt,  elevate,  ennoble. 
Deign,  v.  n.    Condescend,  vouchsafe,  think  fit,  see 

fit. 

Deign,  v.  a.     Grant,  vouchsafe,  accord. 

Deist,  n.  Unbeliever  in  miraculous  revelation, 
disbeliever  in  the  miraculous  origin  of  Chris- 
tianity, holder  to  merely  natural  religion,  believer 
in  God  but  not  in  Providence  or  revelation,  free- 
thinker. 

Deity,    «.      I.   Divinity,    Godhead,    the    Divine 
Nature. 
2.   {Myth.)    God  or  goddess. 

Deject,  V.  a.  Dishearten,  dispirit,  discourage,  de- 
press, sadden,  make  despondent,  make  sad. 

Dejected,  a.  Disheartened,  dispirited,  discouraged, 
depressed,  down-hearted,  downcast,  despondent, 
doleful,  cast  down,  chapfallen,  crestfallen,  down 
in  the  mouth,  blue,  gloomy,  hipped,  dumpish, 
in  the  dumps. 

Dejection,  ».  Depression,  despondency,  sadness, 
melancholy,  gloom,  dumps,  blues,  lowness  of 
spirits,  low  spirits. 

D^eSlf'l"-   ^^'■•^   ^'  Breakfast,  morning  meal. 
2.    Luncheon,   lunch  ("An  odious  word."  — 

R.  IV.  Emerson). 
De  jure.     [L.J    Of  ripht,  by  right,  by  law. 
Delay,  v.  a.      I.   Defer,  postpone,  procrastinate, 

put  off,  stave  off,  let  lie  over. 


DELAY 


112 


DEMEAN  one's  SELF 


2.  Detain,  hinder,  retard,  stop,  impede. 
Delay^  v.  n.     Linger,  tarry,  stop,  procrastinate. 
Delay,  «.     I.   Procrastination,   postponement,   de- 
ferring, the  Fabian  policy,  masterly  inactivity. 

2.  Lingering,  tarrying,  stay,  stop,  dallying, 
dawdling. 

3.  Detention,  hindrance,  retardation,  imped- 
iment, stoppage. 

Dele,  V.  a.  [L.]  Erase,  eflface,  remove,  delete, 
blot  out. 

Delectable,  a.  Pleasing,  pleasant,  delightful, 
agreeable,  gratifying. 

Delectation,  «.  Delight,  joy,  gladness,  rapture, 
transport,  ravishment,  ecstasy,  great  pleasure. 

Delegate,  v.  a.     I.  Depute,  commission,  appoint 
as  agent,  send  on  an  embassy. 
2.    Intrust,  commit. 

Delegate,  «.  Deputy,  commissioner,  represent- 
ative. 

Delegation,  «.  I.  Delegating,  intrusting,  com- 
mittal. 

2.  Deputies,  delegates,  body  of  delegates  or 
representatives.  > 

Delete,  v.  a.  Erase,  efface,  remove,  dele,  blot 
out. 

Deleterious,  a.  I.  Destructive,  deadly,  poison- 
ous, noxious,  lethal. 

2.  Injurious,  pernicious,  hurtful,  harmful, 
unwholesome. 

Delit)erate,  v  n  Reflect,  ponder,  consider,  think, 
cogitate,  ruminate,  muse,  meditate,  take  counsel 
with  one's  self. 

Deliberate,  a.  I,  Wary,  cautious,  careful,  cir- 
cumspect, considerate,  thoughtful. 

2.  Well  considered,  well  advised. 

3.  Purposed,  done  on  purpose,  studied,  done 
in  cold  blood. 

4.  Slow,  unhurried,  leisurely. 
Deliberation,   n.      I.    Consideration,   meditation, 

cogitation,    thought,    reflection,    circumspection, 
wariness,  caution,  thoughtfulness. 

2.  Purpose,  conscious  determination,  distinct 
intention,  cold  blood,  malice  prepense. 

3.  Consultation,  discussion. 

Delicacy,  n.  I.  Pleasantness,  agreeableness, 
deliciousness,  daintiness,  savoriness,  relish. 

2.  Dainty,  tidbit,  titbit. 

3.  Fineness,  softness,  smoothness,  tenderness, 
lightness,  nicety,  niceness,  elegance. 

4.  Slightness,  slenderness,  weakness,  frailty, 
tenderness. 

5.  Carefulness,  scrupulousness,  fastidiousness, 
daintiness,  discrimination,  tact,  nice  percep- 
tion. 

6.  Refinement,  purity,  sensibility,  fine 
feeling. 

Delicate,  a.  I.  Pleasant,  pleasing,  delicious, 
agreeable,  savory,  palatable. 

2.  Fine,  nice,  elegant,  exquisite. 

3.  Slight,  slender,  weak,  frail,  tender,  sensitive. 

4.  Discriminating,  careful,  scrupulous,  fastidi- 
ous, dainty,  of  nice  perception. 

5.  Refined,  pure. 

DelicionSj  a.  I.  Luscious,  savory,  palatable,  deli- 
cate, dainty,  nice- 

2.  Pleasant,  grateful,  agreeable,  charming,  de- 
lightful, exquisite. 

Delight,  «.  Joy,  gladness,  delectation,  satisfac- 
tion, charm,  gratification,  rapture,  transport, 
ravishment,   ecstasy,   great  pleasure. 

Delight,  V.  a.  Enrapture,  transport,  ravish,  en- 
chant, charm,  gratify,  rejoice,  please  highly. 

Delight,  V.  n.  Take  delight,  have  great  pleasure, 
rejoice. 

Delightful,  a.  Charming,  enchanting,  ravishing, 
very  agreeable,  highly  pleasing,  rapturous,  en- 
rapturing, transporting. 


Delineate,  v.  a.  I.  Design,  sketch,  figure,  draw, 
represent  by  outlines. 

2.   Describe,   portray,    depict,    picture,  paint, 
set  forth. 

Delineation,   n.       I.    Sketch,    design,    outline, 
draught. 
2.   Description,  account,  portrayal. 

Delinquency,  «.  Fault,  misdeed,  misdemeanor, 
offence,  crime,  failure  in  duty,  neglect  of  duty. 

Delinquent,  a.  Failing  in  duty,  offending,  neg- 
ligent. 

Delinquent,  «.  Offender,  culprit,  criminal,  wrong- 
doer, misdoer,  miscreant,  malefactor. 

Deliquesce,  v.  «.     Melt  (gradually),  liquefy. 

Deliquescent,  a.  I.  Liquefying,  tending  to  melt 
or  become  liquid. 

2.  Vanishing,   tending  to  disappear  or  go  to 
waste. 

Delirious,  a.  Insane  {as  in  fevers),  mad,  de- 
ranged, demented,  wandering,  lightheaded,  crazy, 
raving,  frantic,  frenzied. 

Delirium,  n.  Wandering  (oj  in  fevers),  incoher- 
ence, hallucination,  derangement,  insanity,  frenzy, 
raving,  madness,  alienation  of  mind. 

Delirium  tremens.     Mania  a  potu,  the  horrors. 

Deliver,  v.  a.  I.  Liberate,  release,  free,  emanci- 
pate, set  free,  set  at  liberty. 

2.  Rescue,  save,  extricate,  redeem. 

3.  Commit,  transfer,  give,   hand    over,   pass 
over,  make  over. 

4.  Yield,  cede,  grant,  surrender,   relinquish, 
resign,  give  up. 

5.  Pronounce,    utter,     speak,     declare,    pro- 
mulgate. 

6.  Discharge,  deal,  give  forth. 
Deliverance,  «.     I.   Release,  liberation,   emanci- 
pation, redemption,  escape. 

2.  Extrication,  rescue,  acquittance. 
Delivery,  «.     I.   Surrender,  conveyance,  giving 
up. 

2.  Giving,  handing  over,  transmission,  passing 
over. 

3.  Distribution  {,of  mail-matter), 

4.  Utterance,      enunciation,      pronunciation, 
speech,  elocution. 

5.  Childbirth,      parturition,     labor,      travail, 


lying-in,  confinement. 
Dell,  n.    Dale,  dingle,  valley,  ravine,  glen. 
Delude,  v.  a.    Deceive,   beguile,   mislead,  cheat. 


cozen,  chouse,  gull,  dupe,  circumvent,  overreach, 
trick,  impose  upon,  lead  astray,  lead  into  error. 

Deluge,  n.    Flood,  overflow,  inundation,  cataclysm. 

Deluge,  V.  a.  Submerge,  inundate,  overflow, 
drown,  overwhelm. 

Delusion,  «.  I.  Trick,  imposition,  imposture, 
cheat,  fraud,  artifice,  wile,  snare,  ruse,  dodge, 
fetch,  clap;-trap. 

2.    Illusion,  deception,  fallacy,  error,  halluci- 
nation, mockery,  phantasm,  false  show. 

Delusive,  a.  Fallacious,  deceitful,  deceptive,  de- 
ceiving, illusive,  illusory. 

Delve,  V  a.  and  v.  n.     Dig. 

Demagogue,  «.  Ringleader  of  the  populace,  fac- 
tious leader,  popular  agitator. 

Demand,  v.  a.  I.  Claim,  require,  exact,  chal- 
lenge, call  for,  ask  for. 

2.   Necessitate,  require,  rightfully  claim,  make 
necessary. 

Demand,  v.  «.     Ask,  inquire,  make  inquiry. 

Demand,  ».  I.  Claim,  requisition,  requirement, 
exaction. 

2.  Want,  call,  desire  to  obtain.  _ 

3.  Question,  inquiry,  interrogation. 
Demarcation,   n.      Division,   separation,  distinc- 
tion, limit,  bound,  boundary. 

Demean  one's  self.  I.  Behave,  conduct,  acquit 
one's  sel£ 


DEMEANOR 


113 


DEPARTMENT 


2.  Degrade,  debase,  lower,  or  belittle  one's 
self. 

Demeanor,  «.  Behavior,  carriage,  deportment, 
conduct,  manner,  bearing,  air,  mien. 

Demented,  a-  Idiotic,  foolish,  infatuated,  insane, 
crazy,  crack-brained,  daft,  deranged. 

Dementia,  «.  [L.]  {Med.)  Idiocy,  insanity,  loss 
of  intellecL 

Demerit,  «.     Fault,  delinquency,  ill-desert. 

Demi-monde,  n.  [Fr.]  Questionable  women  {.col- 
lectively)^ the  kept-mistresses,  the  courtesan 
class. 

Demirep,  «.  Woman  of  doubtful  reputation  (as 
respects  chastity),  questionable  woman,  member 
of  the  denii-ntonde. 

Demise.  «.  I.  Conveyance,  alienation,  transfer, 
transferrence.  making  over. 

2.  Death  \pfa  royal  or  a  distinguished  per- 
son), decease. 

Demise,  v.  a.    I.  Alienate,  transfer,  consign,  de- 
volve, convey,  make  over,  deliver  over. 
2.    Bequeath,  devise,  will,  grant  by  will. 

Demiurgic,  a.     Creative,  formative. 

Democracy,  «.     I.   Government  by  the  people. 

2.  Republic,  representative  government. 

3.  [  U.  S.'\    Democrats,  democratic  party. 

D^SSckl, }  - .  I-  P«P"!-' o^  ^^^^  p«°p'«- 

2.  Representative,  republican. 

3.  \U.S.\    Of  the  democrats. 
Demolish,  v.  a.     Destroy,  overthrow,  raze,  level, 

ruin,  dash  to  pieces,  break  to  pieces. 

Demolition,  «.     Overthrow,  destruction,  ruin. 

Demon>  n.    I.   Devil,  fiend,  evil  spirit,  goblin. 
2,   Spirit,    genius,    guardian    spirit,    tutelary 
deity. 

Demoniac,      \a.     Diabolical,    devilish,    fiendish, 

Demoniacal,  I      hellish,  infernal. 

Demonstrable,  a.  Provable,  capable  of  being 
proved,  capable  of  absolute  proof  or  demon- 
stration. 

Demonstrate,  v.  a.  Prove,  establish,  show,  make 
evident,  make  certain,  show  beyond  the  possi- 
bility of  doubt. 

Demonstration,  ».     I.   Proof,  rigorous  or  abso- 
lute establishment. 
2.   Manifestation,  show,  exhibition,  display. 

Demonstrative,  a.  I.  Conclusive,  apodictic,  ab- 
solute, certain,  producing  demonstration. 

2.  Energetically  expressive,  free  in  expression 
{of  feeling),  unreserved,  open,  prone  to  display 
of  feeling. 

Demoralization,  «.  I.  Corruption  of  morals, 
depravity,  want  of  principle. 

2.  {3fil.)  Loss  of  courage,  lack  of  self- 
confidence,  destruction  of  discipline. 

Demoralize,  v.  a.  I.  Corrupt,  deprave,  vitiate, 
deprive  of  moral  principle. 

2.  [Mil.)  Deprive  of  courage  <»r  confidence, 
break  down  the  morale  or  discipline  of. 

Demulcent,  a.  Mild,  soothing,  lenitive,  emollient, 
sedative. 

Demur,  v.  n.  I.  Hesitate,  pause,  stop,  waver,  be 
in  doubt,  stop  to  consider. 

2.  Object,  raise  objections,  scruple,  state 
scruples,  take  exceptions. 

Demure,  a.     I.   Affectedly  modest,  prudish,  over- 
modest,  putting  on  shyness  or  coyness. 
2.    Sober,  sedate,  grave,  modest,  coy,  downcast. 

Demtirrer,  n.  (Law.)  Objection,  issue  on  matter 
of  law. 

Den,  n.    I.   Cavern,  cave. 

2.  [A Itvays  in  bad  sense,  implying  squalor, 
misery,  or  vice.\  Haunt,  retreat,  resort,  place  of 
resort. 

Dendriform,  a.  Arborescent,  arboriform,  den- 
dritic, dendroid,  branching. 


SlSdSid;}--    See  Dendriform. 
Dengue,  «.     [Sp.]    Break-bone  fever,  dandy-fever. 
Denial,   ».      I.   Contradiction,   negation,   contro- 
verting. 

2.  Disavowal,  disclaimer,  abjuration,  dis- 
owning. 

3.  VitiviSsX  [to  grant  a  request). 

Denizen,  «.    I.  [Eng.  law.)    Naturalized  citizen, 
adopted  citizen. 
2.   Inhabitant,  dweller,  resident. 

Denominate,  v.  a.   Name,  designate,  entitle,  style, 
call,  dub,  christen,  phrase. 

Denominate,  a,     (Arith.)    Compound. 

Denomination,  n.     I.   Name,   title,   style,   desig- 
nation, appellation. 

2.  Class,  kind,  sort. 

3.  Sect,  school. 

Denote,  v.  a.     Signify,  mean,  imply,  betoken,  in- 
dicate, typify,  note,  mark,  designate,  point  out. 

Denouement,    «.      [Fr.J     I.    Catastrophe    (pf  a 
drama  or  a  novel),  unravelling  of  the  plot. 

2.  Issue,  upshot,  conclusion,  termination, 
finale,  consummation,  winding  up,  finishing 
stroke,  final  event. 

Denounce,  v.  a.     I.  Threaten,  menace. 

2.  Brand,  stigmatize,  arraign,  upbraid ,  censure. 

3.  Inform  against,  accuse,  lay  information  or 
charges  against. 

DenoVO.    [L.]  Anew,  newly,  afresh,  again,  over 

again. 
Dense,  a.    Close,  compact,  condensed,  compressed, 

thick. 
Density,  «•    Closeness,  compactness. 
Dent,  «,     Indentation,  dint,  nick,  notch. 
Dent.  V,  a.     Indent,  make  a  dent  upon. 

Dentated  i  "•  '^'°*'*^^''»  notched,  serrate,  serrated. 
Dentifrice,  «.    Tooth-powder. 
Dentist,  «.     Dental  surgeon,  surgeon  dentist 
Dentition,  «.     Teething,  cutting  of  the  teeth. 
Denude,  v.  a.     Strip,   divest,    make  bare,   make 

naked. 
Denunciation,  «.     I.   Menace,  threat. 

2.  Arraignment,  severe  censure. 

3,  Exposure,  informing  against, 
Denundatoxy,    a.    Condemnatory,    stigmatizing, 

upbraiding. 
Deny,  v.  a.    I.  Contradict,  gainsay,  declare  to  be 
untrue, 

2.  Renounce,  abjure,  disown,  disavow,  abne- 
gate, refuse  to  acknowledge. 

3.  Withhold,  refuse  to  grant. 
Deobstruent,     a.     (Med.)     Laxative,     aperient, 

loosening. 
Deobstruent,      n.      (Med.)    Laxative,      aperient, 

loosening  medicine. 
Deodorize,  v.  a.    Disinfect,  deprive  of  odor. 
Deodorizer,  «,     Disinfectant. 
Deoxidate,  v.  a.    See  Deoxidize. 
Deoxidation,  «,     Deoxidization. 
Deoxidize,  v.  a.     Deoxidate,  deprive  of  oxygen. 
Depart,  v.  n.     I.   Disappear,  vanish,  go  away. 

2.  Go,  start,  set  out,  set  forward,  be  off,  take 
leave,  bid  adieu,  bid  farewell,  take  one's  de- 
parture, make  one's  exit,  take  one's  self  o£F. 

3.  Die,  decease,  leave  the  world. 
Depart  from.     I.   Leave,  quit,  go  away  from. 

2.  Abandon,  forsake,  desert,  give  up,  cease  to 
adhere  to._ 

3.  Deviate  from,  vary  from. 
Department,  «.     I.   Part,  portion,  division  (espe- 
cially a  territorial  division),  province. 

2.  Province,  function,  office,  station,  sphere  of 
duty,  course  of  life. 

3.  Province,  branch,  division  or  subdivision 
[of  a  subject  or  notion). 


DEPARTURE 


114 


DEPURATE 


Departnre,  n.     I.  Withdrawal,  exit,    recession, 

retirement,  removal. 
2.  Abandonment  {of),  forsaking  {of). 
3._  Deviation,  variation,  declension,  declining, 
declination. 
4.   Death,  decease,  demise,  exit 
Depend,  v.  n.     Hang,  be  pendent. 
Dependant,    n.     I.     Vassal,     minion,     retainer, 
henchman,  client,  hanger-on. 

2.  Consequence,  corollary,   attendant  circum- 
stance, concomitant. 
Dependence,    «.     I.    Connection,    concatenation, 
interdependence. 

2.  Reliance,  trust,  confidence. 

3.  Stay,  staff,  support,  prop,  buttress,  supporter. 

4.  Subordination,  subjection,  conditioned  ex- 
istence, contingency,  need  {of). 

Dependency,  «•     I.   Adjunct,  appurtenance. 

2.   Colony,  province,  subject  territory. 
Dependent,  a.     I.    Hanging,  pendent. 

2.    Conditioned,    contingent,    unable  to  exist 

without,  at  the  disposal  of,  sustained  by. 
Depend  on.     I.   Rely  upon,  rest  upon,  confide  in, 

trust  to,  count  upon,  reckon  upon,  build  upon, 

depend  upon. 
2.   Be  conditioned  or  dependent  on,  be  con- 

tingent  upon,  require,  demand,  imply,  presuppose. 
Depend  upon.     See  Depend  on. 
Depict,  V.  a.     I.   Paint,  sketch,  portray,  delineate, 

pencil. 
2.    Describe,    set    forth,    portray,    delineate, 

represent. 
Deplete,   v.   a.    Exhaust,  drain, .  reduce,    empty, 

evacuate. 
Depletion,  n.     Exhausting,  exhaustion,  reducing, 

reduction,  draining,  emptying,  evacuation. 
Deplorable,  a.    Lamentable,  pitiable,  sad,  calam- 
itous, grievous,  miserable,  wretched,  distressing, 

mournful,  melancholy,  to  be  deplored. 
Deplore,  v.  a.     Moum,  bewail,  lament,  bemoan, 

grieve  for,  sorrow  over. 
Deploy,    V.    a.     (Mil.)     Open,    unfold,    extend, 

expand,  display. 
Deploy,  V.  n.    {Mil.)    Open,  display. 
Depone,  v.  n.      {Old  Eng:  and  Scotch  law.)     De- 
pose, testify,  affirm,  state,  bear  witness. 
Deponent,   «.      Witness  (who  makes  oath  to   a 

written  statement)^ 
Depopulate,  v.  a.    Dispeople,  unpeople,  deprive 

of  inhabitants. 
Deportment,   «.     Demeanor,  behavior,  carriage, 

conduct,  bearing,  manner,  air,  breeding. 
Deport  one's  self.     Behave,  act,   conduct  one's 

self,  demean  one's  self,  acquit  or  quit  one's  self, 

bear  one's  self,  comport  one's  self. 
Depose,  v.  a.    Dethrone,   dismiss,  oust,  cashier, 

displace,  break,  degrade. 
Depose,    v.    n.      Testify,    declare,   bear    witness, 

depone  (Old  Eng.  and  Scotch). 
Deposit,  V.  a.     I.  Drop,   let  fall,  throw  down, 

precipitate. 

2.  Lay,  lay  down,  put,  place,  put  down. 

3.  Lodge,  put,  store,  board,    save,    lay   up, 
lay  by. 

4.  Intrust,  commit,  put  for  safe  keeping. 
Deposit,  «.     I.   Precipitate,  sediment. 

2.  Security,  pledge,  pawn,  stake. 

3.  Money  in  bank. 

4.  (Rare.)    Depository,  storehouse. 
Depositary,  «.     Trustee,  guardian,  fiduciary. 
Deposition,  ».  {Law.)  I.   Testimony  (mwr/V/«;f, 

signed  and  sworn  to  before  a  magistrate,  after 
crosS'exatnination\  evidence,  affidavit. 

2.      Dethroning,     dismission,     displacement, 
removal. 
Depository,    ».    Storehouse,    depot,     place     of 
deposit,  deposit. 


Depot,  n.  I.  Depository,  storehouse,  warehouse, 
magazine. 

2.  Station  {of  a  railway),  station-house, 
railway  station.  ' 

Depravation,  «.  I.  Vitiation,  corruption,  deteri- 
oration, abasement,  debasement,  impairing, 
injury. 

2.  Depravitv,  degeneracy,  degeneration,  dete- 
rioration, debasement,  impairment,  impaired 
condition. 

Deprave,  v.  a.  Vitiate,  corrupt,  contaminate, 
pollute,  demoralize,  make  bad. 

Depraved,  p.  and  a.  Corrupted,  corrupt,  vicious, 
wicked,  profligate,  dissolute,  reprobate,  graceless, 
abandoned,  shameless,  hardened,  lost. 

Depravity,  «.  I.  Degeneracy,  depraved  or  de- 
pressed state,  low  condition,  depravation,  cor- 
ruption. 

2.  Corruptness,  corruption,  wickedness, 
yiciousness,  demoralization,  vice,  immorahty, 
license,  iniquity. 

Deprecate,  v.  a.  I,  Pray  to  be  delivered  from, 
seek  deliverance  from,  try  to  avert  by  prayer, 
make  entreaty  against. 

2.  View  with  regret,  wish  not  to  have  occur, 
regard  with  regretful  disfavor. 

Depreciate,  v.  a.  I.  Underrate,  undervalue, 
lessen  the  price  of,  diminish  the  value  of. 

2.  Disparage,  decry,  traduce,  malign,  belittle, 
degrade,  censure,  find  fault  with. 

Depreciate,  v.  «.  Fall  in  price,  fall  in  value, 
become  of  less  worth,  decline,  fall  off,  fall, 
lose  value. 

Depreciation,  n.  I.  Fall  in  price,  diminution  of 
value,  decline  in  value,  fall,  decline. 

2.  Detraction,  disparagement,  derogation, 
belittling,  traducing,  maligning,  censure. 

Depreciative,  a.  Derogatory,  depreciatory,  dis- 
paraging. 

Depredation,  «.  Spoliation,  rapine,  robbery,  thefl, 
pillage,  plunder,  pilfering. 

Depredator,  ».  Plunderer,  robber,  thief,  spoiler, 
brigand,  freebooter,  pirate,  corsair,  buccaneer, 
marauder. 

Depress,  Z'.  a,  I.  Lower,  detrude,  drop,  sink, 
bow,  reduce,  press  down,  let  down,  let  fall,  cast 
down,  bring  down. 

2.  Degrade,  humble,  disgrace,  humiliate, 
debase,  abase,  abash,  bring  low,  take  down. 

3.  Discourage,  dishearten,  dispirit,  deject, 
damp,  dampen,  chill,  sadden,  make  sad,  make 
despondent. 

4.  Make  dull  (as  trade),  lower. 
Depression,      «.      I.     Abasement,      degradation, 

deterioration,  debasement,  perversion,   vitiation,' 
depravation. 

2.  Hollow,  hollowness,  cavity,  concavity,  in- 
dentation, dent,  dint,  dimple,  excavation,  pit. 

3.  Dejection,  dejectedness,  sadness,  despond- 
ency, melancholy,  dolefulness,  dole,  gloom, 
gloominess,  dumps,  blues,  lowness  of  spirits,  low 
spirits,  depression  of  spirits,  vapors. 

4.  Lowness,  dulness,  inactivity,  stagnation. 

5.  (Surg.)    Couching. 

Deprivation,    «.     Loss,    privation,   bereavement, 

dispossession. 
Deprive,  v.  a.    Dispossess,  divest,  strip,  rob.    See 

Bereave. 
Depth,  n.     I.  Deepness,  profundity. 

2.  Extent,  measure. 

3.  Middle,  central  part,  midst,  stillest  part, 
stillness,  silence. 

4.  Discernment,  sapacity,  shrewdness,  pene- 
tration, astuteness,  perspicacity,  profoundness, 
profundity. 

Depurate,  v.  a.     I.   Purify,  cleanse,  make  pure. 
2.   Clarify,  clear,  make  clear. 


DEPURATION 


115 


DESIGN 


DejniratiOIly  n.     I.  Cleansing,  purification. 

2.    Clarification,  clearing,  clarifying. 
Deputatioilt  n.     I.   Delegation,  commission. 

2.    Deputies,    delegates,    body    of    delegates, 

delegation,     commissionersi     envoys,     legation, 

embassy. 
Depute,  V.  a.     Delegate,  commission,  send  out, 

appoint  as  agent. 
Deputy,  n.    Delegate,  representative,  substitute, 

proxy,  envoy,  legate,  agent,  factor. 
Derange,  v.  a.     I.  Disorder,   confuse,   unsettle, 

disarrange,  displace,  turn  topsy-turvy,   put  out 

of  place. 

2.  Disturb,  discompose,  disconcert,  ruffle. 

3.  Make  or    render  insane,  craze,   madden, 
unbalance. 

Derangement,  n.  I.  Disorder,  confusion,  dis- 
arrangement. 

2.  Disturbance,  discomposure. 

3.  Insanity,  lunacy,  madness,  mania,  delirium, 
mental  aberration,  mental  alienation,  alienation. 

Derbyshire-spar,  n.  Fluor-spar,  fluoride  of 
calcium. 

Derelict,  a.  I.  (Law.)  Forsaken,  relinquished, 
abandoned^  left. 

2.   Unfaithful,  faithless,  delinquent,  negligent, 
guiltily  neglectful. 

Derelict,  «.    (Law.)    I.   Abandoned  property. 
2.   Tract  of    land    (y?/  /or    cultivation)  lefl 
dry  by  the  retirement  of  the  sea. 

Dereliction,  n.  I.  Abandonment,  renunciation, 
desertion,  relinquishment. 

2.   Faithlessness,  failure  in  duty,  delinquency, 
neglect,  negligence. 

Deride,  v.  a.  Ridicule  {contemptuously  or  mali- 
ciously), mock,  scout,  satirize,  lampoon,  jeer, 
taunt,  chaff,  scoflf  at,  jeer  at,  laugh  at,  make  fun 
of,  make  sport  of,  make  game  of.  turn  to  ridi- 
cule, hold  up  to  ridicule,  make  a  butt  of,  make 
merry  with,  poke  fun  at  {colloq. ).    See  Ridicule. 

Derision,  n.  Ridicule,  mockery,  scorn,  con- 
tempt. 

Derisive,  \a.      Scoffing,      mocking,      ridiculing. 

Derisory,  J  scornful,  contemptuous,  contume- 
lious. 

Derivable,  a.     I.  Obtainable,  to  be  derived. 

2.  Deducible,  that    may    be    inferred  {from 
Premises). 

3.  That  may  be  traced  (to  a  roof). 
Derivation,    n.      I.    Descent,     genealogy,    ex- 
traction. 

2.  Etymology. 

3.  Deriving,  obtaining,  deducing. 

4.  Source  (m),  origination  (from),  foundation 
{in). 

Derivative,  a.    Derived. 

Derive,  v.  a.    I.  Draw,  receive,  obtain,  get 
2.   Deduce,  trace. 

Derm,  n.     Skin,  true  skin,  cutis  or  cutis  vera. 

Dermatoid,  a.     Skin-like. 

Derogate  from.  Disparage,  detract  from,  take 
something  from,  be  derogatory  of  or  to,  lessen, 
diminish,  compromise,  be  hostile  to. 

Derogation,  n.  Detraction,  disparagement,  de- 
preciation. 

Derogatory,  a.  Detracting,  dishonoring,  depre- 
ciative,  disparaging. 

Descant,  «.  I.  Melody  {with  variations),  song, 
tune. 

2.  Commentary,      animadversion,      remarks, 
series   of   comments. 

3.  Discourse,  discussion,  disputation. 

4.  {Mus.)    Soprano,  treble,  highest  part  in  a 
score. 

Descant,  v.  n.  Expatiate,  enlarge,  dilate,  dis- 
course, make  remarks,  treat  copiously,  animad- 
vert freely. 


Descend,  v.  n,     I.   Fall,  sink,  drop,  go  down, 
come  down. 

2.  Dismount,  alight,  get  down. 

3.  Go,  pass,  proceed,  be  transferred  or  trans- 
mitted or  handed  down. 

4.  Originate,  be  derived,  take  rise. 

5.  Make  an  attack,  make  an  assault,  make  a 
descent. 

Descend,  v.  a.    Go  down,  move  down. 
Descendants,    n.    pi.     Progeny,    posterity,      off- 
spring. 
Descendent,  a.    Descending. 
Descent,  n.     I.   Fall,  coming  down. 

2.  Going  down,  descending,  journey  or  voy- 
age down. 

3.  Declivity,  slope. 

4.  Extraction,  derivation,  parentage,  gen- 
ealogy. 

5.  Attack,  assault,  incursion,  foray,  raid,  hos- 
tile invasion. 

Describe,  v.  a.    I.  Delineate,  trace,  draw,  mark 
out. 

2.  Represent  {by  words),  portray,  depict,  ex- 
plain, recount,  narrate,  relate,  give  an  account 
of,  set  forth. 

3.  Characterize,  specify  the  peculiarities  of, 
set  forth  the  character  of. 

Description,  «.     I.   Delineation,  tracing. 

2.  Representation,  explanation,  account,  rela- 
tion, recital,  report,  narration,  narrative. 

3.  Sort,  kind,  class,  species. 

Descry,  v,  a.      I.   Discover,  discern,  espy,  per- 
ceive, see,  behold,  get  sight  of,  get  a  glimpse 
of. 
2.  Detect,  recognize,  find  out,  spy  out. 

Desecrate,  v.  a.     Profane,  pollute,  treat   sacrile- 
giously, pervert  to  unholy  uses. 

Desecration,  ».     Profanation,   pollution,  perver- 
sion to  unholy  uses,  sacrilegious  treatment. 

Desert,  a.     Uninhabited,  desolate,  forsaken,  wild, 
waste,  barren,  untitled. 

Desert,  n.    Wilderness,  waste,  solitude,  deserted 
region. 

Desert,  «.    Deserving,  due,  merit  or  demerit. 

Desert,  v.  «•     I.   Forsake,  leave,  quit,  abandon, 
renounce,   leave  in  the  lurch,  turn  one's  back 
upon. 
2.   Leave  unlawfully,  run  away  from. 

Desert,  v.  n.    Abandon  one's  post,  run  away  from 
military  service. 

Deserted,  a.     Forsaken,  abandoned,  relinquished, 
given  up,  cast  off,  lonely,  lone. 

Deserter,  «.     I.   Forsaker,  abandoner. 

2.  Backslider,  renegade,  apostate,  revolter, 
turncoat. 

3.  Delinquent  soldier,  renegade  from  military 
service. 

Desertion,  «.    I.  Abandonment,  relinquishment, 
dereliction. 

2.  Abandonment  of  one's  post,  unlawful  de- 
parture from  military  service. 

Deserve,  v.  a.    Merit,  be  worthy  of,  .be  entitled 

DeshabllM, «.    [Fr.]    Undress. 

Desiccate,  v.  a.    Dry,  exsiccate,  dry  up,  make  dry. 

Desiccative,  a.    Drying. 

Desiccative,  «.    Drier. 

Desiderate,  v.  a.    Desire,  want,  miss,  lack,  feel 

the  want  of. 
Desideratum,   «.      [L.   //.  Desiderata.]    Object 

of  desire,  thing  wanted,  want  generally  felt. 
Design,  v.  a.     I.   Project,  plan,  devise,  contrive, 

scheme,  concoct,  brew. 

2.  Purpose,  intend,  mean,  propose  to  one's 
self,  have  in  view. 

3.  Draw,  delineate,  sketch,  describe,  trace 
out. 


DESIGN 


116 


DESTITUTION 


Design,  «.  I.  Intention,  intent,  purpose,  project, 
plan,  device,  scheme,  proposal,  aim,  intent, 
meaning,  purport,  dritt,  scope,  object,  mark. 

2.  Sketch,  drawing,  outline,  delineation,  plan, 
draught. 

3.  Contrivance,  invention,  inventiveness, 
adaptation  of  means  to  ends. 

Desigiiate,  v.  a.  I.  Specify,  particularize,  dis- 
tinguish, indicate,  denote,  show,  point  out,  mark 
out,  select. 

2.  Characterize,  describe,  define. 

3.  Denominate,  name,  entitle,  style,  call, 
term,  christen,  dub. 

4.  Appoint,  assign,  allot. 

Designation,  ».  I.  indication,  specification,  point- 
ing out,  particularization,  selection. 

2.  Kind,  class,  description. 

3.  Name,  appellation,  title,  style,  denomina- 
tion.    See  Epithet. 

Designedly,  ad.  Purposely,  intentionally,  on  pur- 
pose, deliberately. 

Designing,  a.  Crafty,  insidious,  deceitfiil,  artful, 
intriguing,  sly,  wily,  astute,  subtle,  cunning, 
arch,  trickish,  tricky,  treacherous,  crooked, 
diplomatic,    Machiavelian. 

Desirable,  a.     Eligible,  enviable,  to  be  desired. 

Desire,  «.     I.   Wish,  will,  aspiration. 

2.  Longing,  craving,  hankering,  inclination, 
proclivity,  impulse,  drawing,  appetency,  appetite. 

3.  Sexual  love,  love,  passion. 

4.  Brute  passion,  sexual  appetite,  lust. 
Desire,  v.  a.    I.   Wish,  crave,  covet,  want,  fancy, 

wish  for,  long  for,  hanker  after,  lust  after,  yearn 

for,  aspire  after. 
2.   Solicit,  request,  ask. 
Desirons,  a.     Eager,  longing,  solicitous,  desiring, 

feeling  a  desire- 
Desist,  V.  n.      Cease,  stop,  pause,  forbear,  stay, 

leave  off,  break  off,  give  over. 
Desman,  «.      Muscovy  {^MygaU  moschata).     See 

Musk-rat. 
Desolate,  a.     I.   Uninhabited,  unfrequented,  lone, 

lonely,  solitary,  desert,  forsaken,  dreary,   wild, 

waste,  barren. 

2.  Lonely,  lonesome,  solitary,  companionless. 

3.  Ruined,  destroyed,  devastated,  ravaged, 
laid  waste,  desolated. 

4.  Comfortless,  cheerless,  miserable,  wretched, 
forlorn. 

Desolate,  v.  a.  Ravage,  devastate,  depopulate, 
ruin,  destroy,  despoil,  sack,  lay  waste. 

Desolation,  n.  I.  Ruin,  devastation,  ravage, 
destruction. 

2.  Desolateness,  loneliness,  solitude,  solitari- 
ness, barrenness,  wildness,  bleakness,  dreariness. 

3.  Gloom,  gloominess,  sadness,  unhappiness, 
wretchedness,  misery. 

Despair,  n.  Desperation,  despondency,  loss  of 
hope,  complete  or  utter  hopelessness. 

Despair,  v.  n.  Despond,  lose  all  hope,  give  up  all 
expectation,  be  without  any  hope. 

Despatch,  z/.  a.  [Written  also  Z?w/WcA.]  I.  Send 
away  (in  haste). 

2.  Kill,  slay,  slaughter,  assassinate,  put  to 
death,  send  out  of  the  world. 

3.  Hasten,  expedite,  accelerate,  forward, 
speed,  quicken,  finish,  conclude,  wind  up,  push 
or  urge  forward,  press  or  urge  on,  make  short 
work  of. 

Despatch,  «.  I.  Despatching,  sending,  dismissal 
on  an  errand. 

2.  Speed,  haste,  expedition,  diligence,  due 
diligence. 

3.  Transaction,  carrying  on,  conduct,  com- 
pletion, doing,  transactmg. 

4.  Message  {expeditiously  sent\  communica- 
tion, missive,  instruction,  report 


5.  Telegraphic  despatch,  telegram,  message 
by  telegraph. 

Desperado,  «.  Dare-devil,  desperate  fellow,  reck- 
less man,  ruffian. 

Desperate,  a.  I.  Despairing,  hopeless,  despond- 
ing, despondent,  without  hope. 

2.  Wretched,  forlorn,  beyond  hope,  irretrieva- 
ble, past  cure,  hopeless,  despaired  of,  lost  be- 
yond recovery. 

3.  Extreme,  prompted  by  despair,  heroic,  done 
as  a  last  resort  or  in  defiance  of  consequences. 

4.  Rash,  reckless,  precipitate,  headlong,  fran- 
tic, despairing. 

5.  {Colloq.)  Great,  extreme,  prodigious,  mon- 
strous, supreme. 

Desi>eration,  n.    I.   Despair,  hopelessness. 

2.  Rage,  fury,  defiance  of  consequences,  reck- 
less fury. 

Despicable,  a.  Contemptible,  base,  mean,  abject, 
vile,  worthless,  low,  paltry,  pitiful. 

Despise,  v.  a.  Contemn,  scorn,  spurn,  disdain, 
scout,  slight,  disregard,  hold  in  contempt,  look 
down  upon. 

Despite,  «.  I.  Malevolence,  malignity,  malice, 
spite. 

2.  Defiance,  contempt,  contemptuous  opposi- 
tion, contumacy. 

Despite,  prep.  Notwithstanding,  in  spite  of,  in 
the  face  of,  in  the  teeth  of. 

Despoil,  V.  a.  I.  Strip,  denude,  divest,  deprive, 
bereave. 

^  2.  Rob,  plunder,  pillage,  ravage,  devastate, 
rifle,  fleece. 

Despond,  v.  n.  Despair,  be  cast  down,  be  dis- 
heartened, lose  hope,  lose  courage,  be  despond- 
ent, give  up,  abandon  hope.     See  Despair. 

Despondency,  «.  Dejection,  discouragement,  de- 
pression, sadness,  gloom,  blues,  vapors,  blue 
devils,  lowness  of  spirits.     See  Melancholy,  n. 

Despondent,  a.  Dispirited,  disheartened,  discour- 
aged, dejected,  depressed,  low-spirited,  in  low 
spirits.     See  Melancholy,  a. 

Despot,  n.     I.  Autocrat,  dictator,  absolute  sover- 
eign, absolute  ruler. 
2.   Tyrant,  oppressor,  arbitrary  or  wilful  ruler. 

Despotic,      \  a.      I.   Absolute,    imperious,    auto- 

Despotical, )     cratic. 

2.   Tyrannical,  tyrannous,  arbitrary,  oppressive. 
Despotism,  n.    I.  Autocracy,  absolutism,  dictator- 
ship, absolute  power. 

2.  Tyranny,  arbitrary  or  capricious  rule, 
oppression. 

3.  Overpowering  control,  overvi'eening  in- 
fluence. 

Desquamation,  «.     (Med.)    Exfoliation,  scaling. 
Destination,  «.     I.   Fate,  lot,  doom,  fortune,  star, 
destiny. 

2.  Purpose,  design,  end,  object,  aim,  scope, 
drift. 

3.  Goal,  harbor,  haven,  landing-place,  resting- 
place,  journey's  end. 

Destine,  v.  a.  I.  Appoint,  ordain,  allot,  devote, 
consecrate. 

2.  Intend,  design. 

3.  Doom,  decree. 

Destiny,   n.     I.   Lot,   doom,  fortune,   fate,  star, 

destination. 
2.   Fate,  necessity,  decrees  of  fate,  wheel  of 

fortune. 
Destitute,   a.     Indigent,   needy,   poor,  penniless, 

necessitous,  distressed,  reduced,   pinched,   short 

of  money,   out  of  money,   out  of  cash,  out    of 

pocket,  in  need,  in  want,  moneyless. 
Destitute  of.     Wanting,  lacking,  without,  devoid 

of.  unprovided  with. 
Destitution.^ «.     Indigence,  want,  need,  poverty, 

penury,  privation. 


DESTROY 


117 


DEVELOP 


Destroy f  V.  a.  I.  Demolish,  overturn,  overthrow, 
subvert,  raze,  ruin,  throw  down,  pull  down,  break 
up,  sap  the  foundations  of. 

2.  Annihilate,  quench,  take  away,  put  an  end 
to,  bring  to  nought. 

3.  Waste,  ravage,  desolate,  devastate,  devour, 
lay  waste,  make  desolate,  swallow  up,  ravage 
with  fire  and  sword. 

4.  Extirpate,  eradicate,  uproot,  kill,  slay,  ex- 
tinguish, carry  off,  root  out,  grub  up,  pluck  up  by 
the  roots,  cut  up  root  and  branch,  strike  at  the 
root  of,  give  a  death-blow  to,  scatter  to  the 
winds. 

Destmction,  n.  I.  Demolition,  subversion,  over- 
throw, ruin,  havoc,  shipwreck. 

2.  Desolation,  devastation,  ravage. 

3.  Eradication,  extirpation,  extinction,  ruin. 

4.  Death,  slaughter,  murder,  massacre. 

5.  Destroyer,  destroying  agent,  plague. 
Destructive,  «•,!•,  Ruinous,  pernicious,  deleteri- 
ous, baleful,  mischievous,  fatal,  deadly. 

2.  [With  q/i]    Extirpative,  eradicative,  anni- 
hilatory. 
Desuetade,     n.      Disuse,     discontinuance,     non- 
observance,  obsoleteness  or  obsolescence. 
Desultory,  a.      Immethodical,  unconnected,   un- 
systematic, irregular,  fitful,  capricious,  rambling, 
wandering,  rovmg,  discursive,  cursory,  slight,  by 
fits  and  starts. 
Detach,   v.  a.     I.   Separate,    disjoin,    disengage, 
disunite,  sever,  dissever,  part,  divide. 

2.  Detail,  send  away,   appoint   to   a  special 
service. 
Detail,  v.  a.   I.  Relate,  recount,  narrate,  rehearse, 
delineate,  portray,  depict,  enumerate,  particular- 
ize, describe,  set  forth. 

2.  Detach,  send  away,  appoint  to  a  special 
service- 
Detail,  n.    I.  Account,  narration,  narrative,  re- 
lation, recital. 

2.  Detachment,  sending  off,  appointment  to 
special  service. 

3.  Individual  part,  item,  particular,  particu- 
larity. 

Details,  n.  pi.  Particulars,  minutiae,  distinct  parts, 
minor  circumstances. 

Detain,   v.   a.    I.   Restrain,  stay,   check,  delay, 
retain,  stop,  keep  back. 
2.  Confine,  hold  or  keep  in  custody. 

Detect,  V.  a.  Discover,  expose,  descry,  ascertain, 
find,  find  out,  bring  to  light,  lay  open. 

Detection,  «.     Discovery,  finding  out,  exposure. 

Detent,  «.     Pawl,  click,  catch,  ratchet. 

Deter,  v.  a.  Restrain,  hinder,  discourage,  pre- 
vent, hold  back,  withhold  {jby  fear). 

Detere:ent,  a.    Cleansing,  detersive. 

Deteriorate,  v.  a.  Impair,  degrade,  debase, 
vitiate,  make  worse. 

Deteriorate,  v.  n.  Degenerate,  decline,  become 
impaired,  grow  worse. 

Deterioration,  «.  I.  Debasement,  degradation, 
depravation,  vitiation,  perversion. 

2.  Degeneration,  degeneracy,  caducity,  de- 
cline, impairment 

Determinable,  a.  Definable,  fixable,  capable  of 
decision,  that  may  be  determined. 

Determinate,  a.     I.  Determined,  definite,  fixed, 
limited,   settled,    established,   explicit,   positive, 
express,  absolute,  certain. 
2.    Decisive,  conclusive,  definitive,  decided. 

Determination,  n.  I.  Determining,  settling,  fix- 
ing, ascertainment,  settlement,  deciding,  decision. 

2.  Decision,  resolution,  conclusion,  judgment, 
purpose,  resolve,  result. 

3.  Direction,  tendency,  leaning. 

4.  Resoluteness,  resolution,  fixity  of  purpose, 
firmness,  constancy,  persistence. 


5.  {Law.)    Ceasing,  termination. 

6.  {Log;.)   Definition,  qualification,  limitation, 
adding  of  determinants  or  predicates. 

Determine,  v.  a.  I.  Settle,  decide,  adjust,  con- 
clude, end,  fix. 

2.  Ascertain,  certify,  verify,  find  out,   make 
out,  fix  upon. 

3.  Influence,  lead,  induce,  incline,  turn,  give 
direction  to. 

4.  Resolve,  decide,  make  the   resolution  or 
decision. 

5.  (Law.)    Bring  to  an  end,  put  an  end  to, 
cause  to  terminate. 

6.  (Log.)    Define,  condition,  limit,  give  marks 
or  qualifications  or  predicates. 

7.  Necessitate,  compel,  subject  to  unyielding 
conditions. 

Determine,  v.  «.     I,  Conclude,  decide,  resolve. 
2.   Cease,  end,  come  to  an  end. 

Detersive,  a.    Cleansing,  detergent. 

Detest,  V.  a.  Hate  (extremely),  abominate,  abhor, 
loathe,  execrate,  nauseate,  shrink  from,  recoil 
from. 

Detestable,  a.  I.  Execrable,  abominable,  odious, 
hateful,  cursed,  accursed,  abhorred,  damnable. 

2.   Loathsome,  disgusting,  sickening,  repulsive, 
offensive,  nauseating. 

Detestation,  n.  I.   Hatred,  abhorrence,  abomina- 
tion, detesting. 
2.   Loathing,  disgust,  antipathy. 

Dethrone,  v.  a.  Depose,  drive  from  the  throne, 
drive  out  of  power. 

Detonate,  v.  n.  Explode  with  a  loud  report, 
detonize. 

Detonate,  v.  a.  Detonize,  cause  to  explode  or 
burst  with  a  loud  report. 

Detonation,  n.     Explosive  report,  bursting  noise. 

Detonize,  v.  n.    See  Detonate,  v.  n, 

Detonize,  v.  a.     See  Detonate,  v.  a. 

Detour,  «.  [Fr.]  Circuitous  route,  indirect  way, 
roundabout  way. 

Detract,  v.  a.  Depreciate,  disparage,  etc.  See 
under  i.  in  next  entry. 

Detract  from.  I.  Depreciate,  disparage,  decry, 
asperse,  abuse,  calumniate,  vilify,  traduce,  de- 
fame, derogate  from. 

2.   Subtract  from,  lessen,  diminish,  depreciate, 
deteriorate,  lower,  derogate  from. 

Detraction,  «.  Depreciation,  slander,  aspersion, 
abuse,  calumny,  defamation,  disparagement, 
derogation,  censure. 

Detractor,  «.  Slanderer,  defamer,  calumniator, 
vilifier,  depreciator,  asperser. 

Detriment,  n.  Loss,  damage,  injury,  disadvan- 
tage, mischief,  prejudice,  evil,  harm,  hurt. 

Detrimental,  a.  Injurious,  hurtful,  harmful,  mis- 
chievous, pernicious,  prejudicial. 

Detritus,  «.     I.   Dibris,  rubbish  of  attrition. 

2.   Rubbish,    waste,    disintegrated    remains, 
dSbris. 

Detrude,  v.  a.  Depress,  lower,  sink,  drop,  thrust 
down,  force  down,  thrust  into  {a  lower  place  or 
state). 

Detrusion,  «.  Depression,  lowering,  thrusting 
down. 

Deuce,  n.     I.  Two,  two-spot  {said  of  cards  or 
dice). 
2.   (Colloq.)    Devil. 

DeutOXide,  «.     Binoxide. 

Devastate,  v.  a.  Ravage,  pillage,  plunder,  sack, 
spoil,  despoil,  destroy,  desolate,  strip,  la^  waste. 

Devastation,  «.  I.  Ravaging,  pillaging,  etc. 
See  the  verb. 

2.  Ravage,    desolation,    destruction,    havoc, 
ruin,  waste,  pillage,  rapine. 

Develop,  v.  a.  I.  Unfold,  evolve,  disclose,  ex- 
hibit, unravel,  disentangle,  make  known,  lay  open. 


DEVELOP 


118 


DIATRIBE 


2.  Cause  to  grow,   bring  to  maturity,  bring 
out. 

3.  (A!^.)     Expand,    perform  the  operations 
indicated  in. 

Develop,  v.  «.  Unfold,  open,  grow,  be  developed, 
advance  to  maturity,  advance  in  successive  or 
continuous  gradation. 

Development^  n.  I.  Unfolding,  disclosure,  ex- 
hibition, unravelling,  disentanglement. 

2.  Growth,  increase,  progress  to  maturity. 

3.  involution,  progressive  growth,  progression 
in  a  continuously  ascending  gradation. 

4.  M^)     Expansion,  expanding. 
Deviate,  v.  n.     I.   Digress,  diverge,  deflect,  veer, 

tack,  wheel,  turn  aside,  alter  one's  course,  wheel 
about. 

2.  Err,  stray,  swerve,   wander,  go  astray,  go 
out  of  one's  way,  lose  one's  way. 

3.  Differ,  vary,  diverge. 

Deviate,  v.  a.    Turn  aside,  cause  to  deviate. 

Deviation,  n.  I.  Divergence,  departure,  depres- 
sion, divarication,  turning,  aberration. 

2*   Difference,    variation,    variance,    change, 
alteration. 

3.   Error,  offence,  iniquity,  sin,  obliquity  of 
conduct. 

Device*  «.  I.  Contnvance,  invention,  scheme, 
design,  plan,  project,  expedient,  shift,  resort, 
resource. 

2.  Artifice,  stratagem,  wile,  ruse,  manceuvre, 
trick,  fraud,  evasion. 

3.  Design,  fanciful  conception,  piece  of  fancy. 

4.  Emblem,  symbol,  type,  sign,   emblazoned 
bearing. 

5.  Motto,  emblematic  legend,  legend. 
Devil;   n.      I.    Satan,    Luciler,    Belial,    Apollyon, 

Arch-fiend,  Arch-enemy,  the  Tempter,  Deuce, 
the  Evil  One,  the  Man  of  Sin,  the  Wicked  One, 
the  Old  Serpent,  the  Prince  of  Darkness,  the 
Foul  Fiend,  the  Enemy,  the  Adversary.  See 
Apollyon. 

2.  Demon,  evil  spirit,  goblin. 

3.  Printer's  devil,  printer's  errand-boy. 
Devilf  V.  a.     I,  Make  devilish  or  fiendish. 

2.   Spice  excessively,  make  hot  or  burning  with 
spices. 
Devilish,  a.      I.     Diabolical,    satanic,     infernal, 
demon,  demonic,  demoniac,  fiendish,  hellish. 

2.   Atrocious,    malignant,    malign,    malicious, 

malevolent,  wicked,  cruel,   barbarous ;     and  all 

under  i,  taken  figuratively. 

Devilry,    «.      I.     Mischief,    diablery, 

devilment,  wanton  rollicking. 

2.   Wickedness,     devilishness,     satanic     evil, 
fiendishness. 
Devious,  a.    I,   Deviating,  erratic,  wandering,  out 
of  the  common  way. 

2.  Erratic,  going  astray,  sinful. 

3.  Crooked,     mazy,     labyrinthine,     obscure, 
confusing. 

4.  Crooked,  disingenuous,  misleading,  treach- 
erous. 

Devise,  v.  a.     I.   Contrive,  invent,  imagine,  plan, 
scheme,   project,   brew,  concert,  concoct,    com- 
pass. 
2.   Bequeath,  demise,  leave,  give  by  wilL 

Devise,  «.     Bequest,  legacy. 

Devoid,  a.     Vacant,  empty,  destitute,  void. 

Devoirs,  «.  >/.     [Fr.]     Respects,  homage. 

Devolve,  v.  a.  Alienate,  transfer,  demise,  con- 
sign, convey,  deliver  over,  make  over. 

Devolve,  v.  n.  Fall  {by  succession  or  by  inherit- 
ance), pass,  be  transferred,  be  handed  over. 

Devote,  v.  a.  I.  Appropriate  (by  vow),  conse- 
crate, dedicate,  destine,  set  apart. 

2.  Addict,  apply,  resign,  give  up. 

3.  Doom,  give  over,  consign. 


diablerie. 


Devoted*  a.     I.   Attached,  loving,  affectionate. 

2.    Ardent,  zealous,  earnest,  assiduous. 
Devotee,  «.     Bigot,  fanatic,  zealot,  enthusiast. 
Devotion,  «.     I,   Consecration,  dedication. 

2.  Piety,  religion,  devoutness,  religiousness, 
devotedness,  holiness,  sanctity,  saintliness, 
godliness. 

3.  {Usually  in  /)/.]  Worship,  adoration, 
prayer,  devoutness. 

4.  Attachment,  affection,  love. 

5.  Ardor,  earnestness,  eagerness,  zeal, 
devotedness. 

Devotional,  a.    Devout,  religious,  pious,  saintly, 

godly. 
Devour,  v.  a.      I.   Gorge,  engorge,  eat  greedily 

or  ravenously,  swallow  eagerly. 
2.   Destroy,  consume,  annihilate,  waste,  spend, 

expend,  swallow  up,  destroy  swiftly  or  rapidly. 
Devout,    a.     I.   Religious,    pious,    holy,    saintly, 

devotional,  godly,  saint-like,  heavenly-minded. 

2.   Sincere,  earnest,  serious,  grave,  solemn. 

Dew-worm,   «.      Earth-worm,  lob-worm  {Lum- 

bricus  terrestris). 
Dexterity,   «.     Skill,   skilfulness,   adroitness,   ex- 

pertness,    readiness,    facility,    aptness,   aptitude, 

address,    quickness,    cleverness,   knack,  ability, 

tact,  art. 
Dexterous,  a.     Skilful,adroit,  expert,  handy,  apt, 

ready,  quick,  clever,  able,  facile. 
Diablet7,    n.    Mischief,     wickedness,    diabolical 

conduct.     See  Devilry. 
Diabolic,      \a.     Fiendish,  infernal,  satanic,    Im- 
Diabolical, )     pious,     atrocious,     wicked.     See 

Devilish. 
DiacOUStiCS,  ».     Diaphonics. 
Diadem, «.     I.  Crown. 

2.    Empire,  sovereignty. 
Diagnostic,  a.    Distinguishing,  characteristic. 
Diagram, «.    Figure. 
Dial,  n.     Sun-dial. 
Dialect,  «.     I.   Provincialism,  idiom. 

2.   Language,  tongue,  speech,  form  of  speech, 

phraseology,  parlance. 
Dialectic,  «.    (Log.)    Logic  of  illusion,  negative 

procedure,  progression  by  negation. 
Dialectic,     1        ,    t  „„,v,, 
Dialectickl,  r-    I-  L^g'^al. 

2.  Negative,  critical,  exposing  limits,  exposing 
inadequacy. 

3.  Idiomatic,  provincial. 
Dialectician*  «.     Logician,  reasoner. 
Dialectics,  n.    I.  Application  of  logical  principles, 

applied  logic. 
2.    Logic,    science    of  the    laws    of  thought, 

science  of  reasoning. 
Dialogue,  «.     Colloquy,  conference,  conversation. 
Diameter,  «.     Distance  through  the  centre  {as  of 

a  circle),  central  chord. 
Diamond*    n.     I.    Brilliant,    crystallized   carbon, 

carbon  crystal. 
2.   Rhombus,  lozenge. 
Diaplianeity*      «•     Transparency,     translucency. 

pellucidness. 
Diaphanous*  a.  Transparent,  translucent,  pellucid, 

clear. 
Diaphonics, «.    Diacoustics. 
Diaphragm* ».    Midriff. 
Diarrhoea*     n.     (Med.)    Relax,     flux,    purging, 

looseness  of  the  bowels. 
Diarthrosis* «.     (Med)    Abarticulation. 
Diary,  «.     Journal,  register,  chronicle. 
Diastole,  «.     Dilatation,  outward  throb. 
Diatessaron*  «.     Harmony  of  the  (four)  Gospels. 
Diatribe,    «.     I.    Disputation,    dissertation,    dis- 
quisition. 
2.    Invective,    philippic,    strain   of  invective, 

stream  of  abuse,  reviling,  tirade. 


DICKENS 


119 


DIGEST 


IHckenS,  ».    {Collog.)    The  Deuce,  the  Devil. 
Dicker,  «.    Ten,  group  of  ten,  bunch  of  ten. 
Dictate,  v.  a.     I.   Prescribe,  direct,  ordain,  com- 
mand, order,  bid,  require,  decree. 

2.    Utter    {so  that   another   may   repeat    or 
write'). 
Dictate,    n.    I.    Injunction,     command,     order, 
decree. 
2.   Precept,  maxim,  rule. 
Dictation,  n.     I.   Prescription,  direction. 

2.   Utterance  {for  copying). 
Dictator,  n.    Despot,  autocrat,  absolute  ruler. 
Dictatorial^    a.     I.   Absolute,    unlimited,    unre- 
stricted. 

2.^    Imperious,     authoritative,     overbearing, 
domineering,  dictatory. 
Dictatorsllip,  n.    I.  Dictatorial  office. 

2.  Term  or  tenure  of  absolute  power. 

3.  Despotism,    absolutism,    arbitrary   power, 
absolute  power,  iron  rule. 

Diction,  «.  I.  Style,  phraseology,  language,  ex- 
pression, mode  or  manner  of  expression,  turn  of 
expression,  form  of  expression. 

2.  Choice  of  words,  words  employed,  vocabu- 
lary. 
Dictionary,  n,    I.  Lexicon,  vocabulary,  glossary, 
word-book. 

2.    Encyclopaedia,     cyclopjedia,    alphabetical 
summary  {in  any  department  of  knowledge). 
Dictum,  n.    (L.  //.  Dicta.)    I.   Saying,  assertion, 
affirmation. 

2.  {Law.)    {a)    Extra-judicial    opinion  ;    {b) 
award,  arbitrament,  decision  {of  an  arbitrator). 

Didactics,  «.  pi.  Science  and  art  of  teaching,  pae- 
deutics,  pedagogy. 

Didapper,  ».  Dab-chick,  dob-chick  {Podiceps 
minor). 

Diddle,  z/.  ».     I.  Totter. 

2.  Trifle,  dawdle,  waste  time. 

Die,  V.  n.  I.  Expire,  decease,  depart,  leave  the 
world,  draw  the  last  breath,  cease  to  exist,  give 
up  the  ghost,  pay  the  debt  of  nature,  take  one's 
last  sleep,  shuffle  off  this  mortal  coil,  go  the  way 
of  all  flesh,  go  to  one's  last  home,  be  numbered 
with  the  dead,  cross  the  Styx,  cross  the  Stygian 
ferry. 

2.  Wither,  perish,  decay,  decline,  fade,  fade 
out,  lose  life. 

3.  Cease,  vanish,  disappear,  come  to  nothing, 
come  to  an  end,  be  lost,  be  heard  of  no  more. 

4.  Sink,  faint,  fall. 

5.  Gradually  cease,  become  fainter  and  fainter, 
subside,  gradually  disappear. 

Die,  n.     I.   Cube  (for gaming). 

2.  Dado,  cube  of  a  pedestal. 

3.  Stamp. 

Die  away.     I.   Subside,  grow  less  and  less,  de- 
crease gradually.    See  Die,  5. 
^   2.   Languish  {with  delight  or  tenderness),  fall 
into  an  ecstasy,  swoon. 

Diet,  «.  I.  Food,  provision,  victuals,  aliment, 
nutriment,  nourishment,  subsistence,  provision, 
fare,  viands,  regimen,  cheer,  rations,  commons. 

2.   Assembly,  convention,  council,  convocation, 
congress,  parliament. 

Diet,  V.  n.  I.  Eat  sparingly,  eat  by  rule  regulate 
the  diet. 

2.   Feed,  eat,  take  nourishment,  nourish  one's 
self. 

Differ,  V.  M.  I.  Vary,  deviate,  diverge,  be 
unlike. 

2.  Disagree,  be  of  a  different  opinion,  think 
differently. 

3.  Wrangle,  quarrel,  contend,  bicker,  be  at 
variance. 


Difference,  «.  I.  Dissimilarity,  variation,  diver- 
sity, disparity,  dissimilitude,  divergence,  devia- 
tion, contrariety,  contrast,  disagreement. 

2.  Disagreement,  variance,  alienation,  misun- 
derstanding, dissension,  jarring,  breach,  rupture, 
schism,  contest,  contention,  c^uarrel,  dispute, 
debate,  controversy,  altercation,  bickering, 
wrangle,  strife,  failing  out. 

3.  Distinction,  discrimination. 

4.  Remainder  (after  subtraction),  amount  of 
inequality. 

Different,  a.  I.  Distinct,  separate,  not  the 
same. 

2.  Unlike,  dissimilar,  various,  diverse,  con- 
trary, contrasted,  variant,  deviating,  divergent, 
diverging. 

3.  Various,  divers,  many,  manifold,  sundry. 
Differential,  a.     Discriminating. 

Difficult,  a.  I.  Hard,  arduous,  Herculean,  up- 
hill, beset  with  difficulty. 

2.  Obscure,  hard  to  be  understood,  intricate, 
perplexing. 

3.  Austere,  rigid,  unyielding,  unaccommodat- 
ing, uncompliant,  hard  to  manage  or  persuade. 

4.  Fastidious,  dainty,  squeamish,  hard  to 
please. 

Difficulty,  n.    I.  Arduousness. 

2.  Obstacle,  impediment,  bar,  obstruction, 
barrier,  hindrance,  trouble,  perplexity,  exigency, 
trial,  dilemma,  embarrassment,  emergency,  pinch, 
predicament,  fix,  pickle,  stand,  dead-set,  set  fast, 
dead-lock,  dead-stand,  stand-still,  horns  of  a 
dilemma,  up-hill  work,  sea  of  troubles,  peck  of 
troubles,  hard  row  to  hoe,  hard  nut  to  crack. 

3.  Objection,  cavil,  obstacle  to  belief. 

A.   Embroilment,    complication,     controversy, 
misunderstanding,  difference. 
Diffidence,    n.     I.    Distrust,    doubt,    hesitation, 
hesitancy,  reluctance. 

2.  Bashfulness,  timidity,  sheepishness.  shyness, 
extreme  modesty,  distrust  of  one's  self;  lack  or 
want  of  self-reliance. 
Diffident,  a.    I.  Distrustful,  doubtful,  hesitating, 
reluctant. 

2.  Bashful,  timid,  sheepish,  over-modest,  shy, 
distrustful  of  one's  self. 
Diffuse,  V.  a.  Disperse,  scatter,  disseminate, 
spread,  circulate,  propagate,  distribute,  pour  out, 
send  abroad,  spread  abroad. 
Diffuse,  a.  I.  Prolix,  copious,  rambling,  loose, 
verbose,  wordy,  long-winded,  long-spun,  spun 
out. 

2.    [Med.)    Spreading,      ilWefined,     vaguely  , 
defined. 
Diffu^on,  n.    Dispersion,  spread,  extension,  prop- 

^tion,  circulation,  distribution. 
Diflusive,     a.     I.      Expansive,     wide-reaching, 
permeating. 
2.   Spreading  in  every  direction. 
Dig,  V.  a.     I.   Excavate,  delve,  scoop,  hollow  out. 

2.    Break  up  {with  a  spade,  hoe,  or  the  like). 
Dig,  V.  n.     Delve,  work  with  a  spade,  hoe,  etc. 
Dig,  «.    I.   Punch,  poke,  thrust. 

2.   [.At  colleges,  U.  S  I    Plodding  student. 
Digest,  >f.     I.    Pandect. 

2.  Code,  system. 

3.  Abridgtnent,  abstract,  compend,  com- 
pendium, epitome,  summary,  synopsis,  con- 
spectus, breviary,  brief,  sum  and  substance. 

Digest,  V.  a.  I.  Methodize,  systematize,  arrange, 
codify,  classify,  dispose^  reduce  to  order. 

2.  Concoct,  convert  into  chyme. 

3.  Study,  ponder,  consider,  contemplate, 
reflect  upon,  think  on,  meditate  upon,  con  over, 
revolve  m  the  mind. 

4.  Appropriate  completely  {in  the  mind), 
make  one's  own,  assimilate,  master. 


DIGESTION 


120 


DIRECT 


5.  {Chem.)   Soften  by  a  gentle  heat,  macerate, 
steep,  soak. 
Digestion,     «.     I.    Conversion     of    food    into 
chyme. 

2.  Methodizing,  digesting,  classifying. 

3.  (Chem.)    Macerating,  maceraUon,  steeping. 
Digit,  «.     I.    Finger. 

2.  Numerical  symbol  [in  the  A  rabic  notation). 

3.  Finger's  breadth,  three  fourths  of  an  inch. 

4.  One  twelfth  of  the  solar  diameter. 
Dignified,  a.     Stately,   noble,    majestic,    august, 

grave,  imposing,  decorous. 

Dignify,  v.  a.  I.  Advance,  promote,  exalt,  en- 
noble, prefer  to  office. 

2.  Honor,  grace,  adorn,  exalt,  ennoble,  give 
lustre  to,  add  dignity  to. 

Dignity,  «.  I.  Rank,  elevation,  standing,  station, 
place,  greatness,  eminence,  exaltation,  glory, 
honor,  reputableness,  respectability. 

2.  Stateliness,  grandeur,  majesty,  nobleness, 
lofty  bearing  or  conduct,  elevation  of  aspect  or 
deportment,  dignified  behavior,  decorum. 

3.  Honor,  preferment,  high  station  or  office. 

4.  Magistrate,  dignitary,  person  in  office. 

5.  Height,  elevation,  importance. 

Digress,  v.  «.  Wander,  deviate  or  diverge  or 
turn  aside  from  one's  main  topic. 

Digression,    «.      I.    Deviation   or  divergence  or 
departure  from  the  main  topic 
2.    Episode,  incidental  passage. 

Dilacerate,  v.  a.  Tear,  lacerate,  rend,  rend 
asunder. 

Dilapidate,  v.  a.  Waste,  ruin,  destroy,  pull 
down,  throw  down,  suffer  to  go  to  ruin. 

Dilapidated,  a.  Decayed,  ruined,  wasted,  in 
ruins. 

Dilapidation,  n.     Ruin,  decay,  downfall. 

Dilatation,  n.  Expansion,  expanding,  distension, 
enlargement,  spreading,  amplification,  swelling, 
dilation. 

Dilate,  v.  a.  Expand,  extend,  enlarge,  widen, 
distend,  swell. 

Dilate,  v.  n.     I.   Expand,  widen,   be  distended. 
2.   Expatiate,     descant,     enlarge,     dwell,     be 
diffuse,  be  prolix,  launch  out,  branch  out,  spin  a 
lone  yarn,  beat  about  the  bush. 

Dilation,  ».  (Modern.^  Dilatation,  expansion,  ex- 
panding, swelling,  bloating,  distension,  enlarge- 
ment, amplification,  spreading. 

Dilatory,  a.  Slow,  tardy,  lingering,  loitering, 
sluggish,  laggard,^  lagging,  behindhand,  back- 
ward, procrastinating. 

Dilemma,  «.  Quandary,  strait,  difficult  choice, 
puzzling  alternative,  awkward  or  bad  pre- 
dicament. 

Dilettante,   «.      [It.]      I.  Amateur,    trifling    or 
desultory  cultivator. 
2.   Pretender  to  taste  {in  the  fine  arts). 

Diligence, «.  Assiduity  {in  some  specific  pursuit), 
assiduousness,  activity,  sedulousness,  persever- 
ance, steady  application  {to  some  pursuit  that 
one  likes).     See  Industry. 

Diligent,  a.  Assiduous,  sedulous,  industrious, 
active,  busy,  persevering,  notable,  hard-working, 
at  work,  diligently  employed,  busily  engaged,  up 
and  stirring,  busy  as  a  bee,  brisk  as  a  bee. 

Dillydally,  v.  n.  Loiter,  linger,  delay,  lag, 
saunter,  trifle,  dally,  dawdle,  idle  away  time. 

Dilute,  V.  a.  I.  Thin  {with  water  or  oth^r  liq- 
uid), make  more  liquid,  make  thinner. 

2.  Attenuate,  reduce,  weaken,  thin,  make 
thin,  make  weak. 

Dilute,  a.     Thin,  diluted,  attenuated,  weak. 

Diluvium,  «.     {Geol.)    Drift. 

Dim,  a.  I.  Dusky,  dark,  obscure,  mysterious, 
indistinct,  ill-defined,  indefinite,  shadowy,  cloudy, 
faint. 


2.  Dull,  obtuse,   slow  to  see,  slow  of  under- 
standing or  perception. 

3.  Darkened,    obscured,   clouded,   faint,   con- 
fused, shorn  of  its  beams. 

4.  Tarnished,  blurred,  sullied,  dulled,  dull. 
Dim,  V.  a.    Darken,  obscure,  cloud,  sully,  tarnish, 

dull. 
Dime,  n.    Ten  cents. 
Dimension,  n.     I,   Extent,  extension,  measure  (in 

one  direction). 
2.  {Alg^.)    Literal  factor. 
Dimensions,   n-  pi.      I.   Size,    magnitude,  bulk, 

volume,  bigness,  capacity,  amplitude,  greatness, 

largeness,  mass,  massiveness. 

2.    Measurements,  linear  dimensions;  length, 
breadth,  and  thickness. 
Dim-eyed,  a.     Dim-sighted,  blear-eyed. 
Diminish,  v.  a.     Lessen,  decrease,  abate,  reduce, 

contract,  make  smaller. 
Diminish,  v.  «.     Decrease,  lessen,  abate,  subside, 

contract,  grow  or  become  less,  be  reduced,  be- 
come smaller. 
Diminution,     «.      Decrease,     lessening,     decre- 
ment, reduction,  abatement,  contraction. 
Diminutive,  a.      Little,    small,     dwarfish,    tiny, 

puny,  pygmy,   pygmean,  contracted,  minute,  of 

small  size. 
Dim-sighted,  a.    Dim-eyed,  blear-eyed. 
Din,  n.     Noise,  uproar,    racket,   clamor,  clangor, 

clashing,  clash,  crash,  crashing,  clatter,  hubbub, 

hullabaloo,  hurly-burly. 
Dingle,  «.     Dale,  dell,  vale,  valley,  glen. 
Dingy,  a.     I.   Dun,  dusky,  brown. 

2.    Soiled,  sullied,  smirched,  dimmed,  dulled, 

faded. 
Dint,  n.     I.   Stroke,  blow. 

2.  Dent,  indentation. 

3.  Force,  power.    [Only  in  the  phrase  By  dint 
o/.\ 

Diccese,  «.  Bishopric,  see,  jurisdiction,  charge  (oj 
a  bishop). 

Diocesan,  «.  Head  of  the  diocese,  reigning  or 
ruling  bishop. 

Diodon,  n.  Globe-fish,  puffer,  sea-hedgehog,  por- 
cupine-fish, prickly  globe-fish. 

Dionsea,  n.     Venus's  fly-trap. 

Dioxide,  n.     Sub-oxide. 

Dip,  V.  a.     I.   Immer.se,  plunge,  douse,  souse. 

2.  Take  out  {with  a  ladle,  cup,  etc.),  ladle. 

3.  Baptize  by  immersion. 

Dip,  V.  n.  I.  Thrust  a  ladle  {cup,  etc.,  into  a 
liquid). 

2.  Incline,  tend  downward. 

3.  Engage  cursorily,  enter  slightly. 

4.  Dive,  plunge,  duck,  pitch,  immerse  one's 
self. 

Diplomacy,  «.    I.^  Art  of  negotiating,  negotiation, 
international  business. 
2.   Artful  management,  tact,  indirection. 

wSSte,}-    See  Diplomatist. 
Diplomatist,  n.    Negotiator,  diplomat,  expert  in 

international  affairs. 
Dipper,  n.     I.    Plunger,  ladler,  etc.     See  verb. 

2.  Immersionist,   dunker,  tunker,  tumbler. 

3.  Charles'  Wain,   Great  Bear,  Ursa  Major, 
Cleaver. 

4.  Water-craw,  water-pyet,  water-crake,  water- 
ouzel  {Cinclus  aquaticus). 

Dire,  a.  Dreadful,  dismal,  fearful,  direful,  shock- 
ing, terrible,  horrid,  horrible,  awful,  terrific, 
tremendous,  portentous,  gloomy,  woful,  disas- 
trous, calamitous,  destructive,  cruel,  inexorable, 
implacable. 

Direct,    a.      I.     Straight,   in    a    right    line,    not 
crooked. 
2.   From  father  to  son. 


DIRECT 


121 


DISCARD 


3.  Flaln,  express,  categorical,  unambiguous, 
not  equivocal. 

4.  Open,  sincere,  ingenuous,  frank,  out- 
spoken. 

5.  (Astron)  In  the  order  of  the  signs,  ad- 
vancing eastward.^ 

Direct,  v.  a.     I.   Aim,  point,  cast,  turn. 

2.  Regulate,  dispose,  manage,  conduct,  con- 
trol, govern,  rule,  guide. 

3.  Order,  command,  instruct,  prescribe  to, 
give  directions  to. 

4.  Show,  point,  guide,  lead,  put  upon  the 
right  track. 

5.  Address,  superscribe. 
Direction,  n.    I.  Aim. 

2.  Tendency,  line  of  motion. 

3.  Course,  bearing,  point  of  compass. 

4.  Management,  oversight,  superintendence, 
government,  control,  conduct. 

5.  Guidance,  lead. 

6.  Order,  command,  prescription. 

7.  Address,  superscription. 

Directly,  ad.  I.  In  a  straight  line,  in  a  straight 
course. 

2.  Expressly,  _  absolutely,  unambiguously, 
openly,  without  circumlocution. 

3.  Immediately,  quickly,  promptly,  speedily, 
soon,  presently,  forthwith,  insUntly,  instanter, 
in  a  short  time,  without  delay. 

Director,  «.     I.    Superintendent,  manager,  boss. 
2.   Guide,  counsellor,  adviser,  instructor,  men- 
tor, monitor. 

Direful^  a.  Dreadful,  fearful,  horrible,  terrible, 
shocking,  horrid,  terrific,  awful,  tremendous. 
See  Dire. 

Dirge,  n.  Elegy,  funeral  song,  mournful  song, 
requiem,  burial  hymn,  coronach. 

Dirt,  n.     Filth,  foul  matter. 

Dirty,  a.  I.  Unclean,  foul,  filthy,  nasty,  soiled, 
begrimed. 

2.  Clouded,  cloudy,  dark,  sullied,  dull. 

3.  Mean,  base,  vile,  low,  grovelling,  sneak- 
ing, pitiful,  paltry,  beggarly,  scurvy,  shabby, 
despicable,  contemptible. 

4.  [Said  of  weather. \  Foul,  rainy,  sloppy, 
muddy,  sleety,  uncomfortable,  disagreeable, 
nasty. 

Dirty,  V.  a.      Foul,  befoul,  soil,  defile,   draggle, 

Disaluity,  «.     I.   Disqualification. 

2.  Inability,    incapacity,    incompetence,    im- 
potence, incapability. 
Dibble,    V.  a.       I.    Weaken,    enfeeble,    cripple, 

paralyze,  unman,  deprive  of  strength. 
2.   Disqualify,  incapacitate,  disenable,    unfit, 

make  incapable. 
Disabuse,  v.  a.     Undeceive,  set  right. 
Disadvantage,  n.     I.   Unfavorableness,  disadvan- 

tageousness,  inconvenience. 
2.   Injurv,  loss,  damage,  detriment,  disservice, 

prejudice,  hurt,  drawback,  harm. 
Diflaavantageons,  a.     I.   Unfavorable,  ineligible, 

inconvenient. 
2.   Injurious,  prejudicial,  hurtful,  detrimental, 

deleterious. 
Disaffect,    v.    a.       Alienate,     estrange,     make 

unfriendly. 
Disaffected,  a.    Alienated,  estranged,  dissatisfied, 

disloyal. 
Disaffection, «.    Alienation,  estrangement,  breach, 

disagreement,  dissatisfaction,  disloyalty,  ill-will. 
Disa^ee,   v.  n.       I.    Differ,    vary,   diverge,   be 

unlike. 

2.  Dissent,  be  of  different  opinions,  diflFer  in 
opinion. 

3.  Quarrel,  wrangle,  dispute,  bicker,  fall  out. 

4.  Be  unsuitable,  be  unnt,  be  unsuited. 


Disagreeable,  a.  Unpleasant,  unpleasing,  dis- 
pleasing, distasteful,  offensive. 

Disagreement,  «.  I.  Difference,  dissimilarity, 
unlikeuess,  dissimilitude,  diversity,  discrepancy, 
divergence,  deviation. 

2.  Dissent,  difference  of  opinion. 

3.  Discord,  variance,  misunderstanding,  dis- 
sension, jarring,  clashing,  striie,  quarrel,  dispute, 
wrangle,  bickering. 

Disallow,  V.  a.  I.  Prohibit,  forbid,  refuse  per- 
mission to. 

2.  Reject,  disapprove,  set  aside,  refuse  or 
decline  to  sanciion. 

3.  Disavow,  disclaim,  disown,  deny. 
Disanntll,  v.  a.     Nullify,  cancel,  rescind,  quash, 

vacate,  annul,  abolish,  abrogate,  void,  invalidate, 
render  void,  set  aside,  do  away. 

Disappear,  v.  ».     I.  Vanish,  recede  from  view,  be 
lost  to  view,  pass  out  of  sight. 
2.   Cease,  cease  to  appear. 

Disappoint,  v.  a.  Balk,  frustrate,  foil,  defeat, 
battle,  disconcert,  bring  to  nought,  foil  of  one's 
expectations. 

Disappointment,  n.  I.  Frustration,  foiling, 
baffling,  unfulfilment. 

2.  Frustration  of  hopes,  sense  of  frustration, 
feeling  of  thwarted  expectation. 

Disapprobation,  n.  Disapproval,  censure,  con- 
demnation, displeasure,  dislike. 

Disapproval,  n.  Disapprobation,  censure,  con- 
demnation, non-approval. 

Disapprove,  v.  a,  I.  Condemn,  censure,  dishke, 
regard  as  wrong. 

2.  Reject,  disallow,  refuse  or  decline  to 
sanction. 

Disarm,  v.  a.     I.    Deprive  of  arms  or  weapons. 
2.   Disable,    incapacitate,     render    powerless, 
harmless,  or  innocuous. 

Disarm,  v.  n.  Lay  down  arms,  reduce  the  mili- 
tary establishment,  dismiss  or  disband  troops, 
reduce  forces  to  a  peace  footing. 

Disamuge,  v.  a.  Disorder,  unsettle,  derange, 
disturbj  put  out  of  order,  throw  into  disorder, 
throw  into  confusion. 

Disarray,  «.     Confusion,  disorder. 

Disaster,  n.  Mishap,  misfortune,  reverse,  mis- 
chance, misadventure,  adversity,  calamity,  catas- 
trophe, blow,  stroke,  casualty. 

Disastrous,  a.  I.  Calamitous,  unfortunate,  un- 
lucky, hapless,  adverse,  ruinous,  destructive,  un- 
toward, unprosperous,  ill-fated,  ill-starred. 

2.  Foreboding,  threatening,  gloomy,  dismal, 
portentous,  portending  disaster. 

Disavow,  V.  a.  Disclaim,  disovra,  deny,  dis- 
allow. 

Disband,  v.  a.  Break  up,  dismiss  from  (military) 
service,  disperse,  send  home. 

Disband,  v.  n.  Separate,  disperse,  scatter,  break 
up,  retire  from  military  service. 

Disbelief,  «.     I.    Doubt,  unbelief,  non-conviction, 
rejection,  lack  of  conviction. 
2.   Distrust,  want  of  confidence,  lack  of  trust. 

Disbelieve,  v.  a.  Discredit,  not  believe,  refuse  to 
credit,  hold  or  consider  not  to  be  true. 

Disbeliever,  «.  fWith  in  or  qf.\  Unbeliever, 
doubter,  questioner,  denier,  non-adherent, 
opponent 

Disbtirden,  v.  a.  Disencumber,  unburden,  un- 
load, ease,  rid,  free,  relieve,  disburthen. 

Disburse,  v.  a.     Spend,  expend,  lay  out,  pay  out. 

Disbursement,  «.  Expenditure,  paying  out,  lay- 
ing out,  sp>ending. 

Disburthen,  v.  a.     See  Disburden. 

Discard,  v.  a.  I.  Reject,  throw  or  thrust  aside, 
throw  away,  cast  away,  lay  aside,  cast  off. 

2.  Dismiss,  discharge,  cashier,  break,  cast  offi 
turn  away. 


DISCERN 


122 


DISCOURSE 


Discern,  v.  a.  I.  Discriminate,  distinguish,  note 
the  distinctions  of. 

2.   Perceive,    see,    discover,    descry,    behold, 
espy. 

Discern,  v.  n.  Discriminate,  judge,  make  dis- 
tinction. 

Discernible,  a.  Perceptible,  discoverable,  to  be 
discerned  or  descried. 

Discerning,  a.  Discriminating,  knowing,  saga- 
cious, perspicacious,  judicious,  acute,  intelligent, 
ingenious,  clear-headed,  clear-sighted,  keen- 
sighted,  quick-sighted,  eagle-eyed,  hawk-eyed, 
Argus-eyed. 

Discernment,  «.  I.  Discrimination,  sagacity, 
shrewdness,  sharpness,  brightness,  astuteness, 
acuteness,  cleverness,  perspicacity,  ingenuity, 
penetration,  insight,  judgment,  intelligence, 
mother  wit,  quick  parts. 

2.   Discerning,  perception,  notice,  espial,  dis- 
covery, descrying,  beholding. 

Discharge,  v.  a.  I.  Unload,  disbuj|den,  un- 
burden, relieve  of  a  load. 

2.  Emit,  expel,  excrete,  eject,  void,  throw  off, 
send  out,  give  forth. 

3.  Set  off,  fire  off,  let  fly,  give  vent  to,  shoot, 
fire. 

4.  Pav,  liquidate,  cash. 

5.  Release,  absolve,  exonerate,  acquit,  clear, 
telieve,  liberate,  free,  set  free. 

6.  Dismiss,  discard,  cashier,  break,  turn  away, 
send  away. 

7.  Remove,  destroy,  put  away,  clear  from. 

8.  Perform,    execute,    fulfil,    observe,    acquit 
one's  self  of. 

9.  Remove,  take  out  \as  the  cargo  oj a  vessel). 
10.  (Law.)     Cancel,  rescind,  annul,  nullify,  in- 
validate, make  void. 

Diacharge,  «.     I.    Unloading,  disburdening. 

2.  Emission,    ejection,    expulsion,    excretion, 
vent,  evacuation,  voiding. 

3.  Firing,  explosion,  blast,  burst,  firing  off. 

4.  Observance,   performance,    fulfilment,    ex- 
ecution, 

^  S.   Payment,  settlement,  liquidation,   satisfac- 
tion,  clearance. 

6.  Release,  liberation,  exemption. 

7.  Acquittal,  exoneration,  absolution. 
Disciple,  n.     I.    Scholar,  pupil,  learner. 

2.    Follower,  adherent,  supporter. 
Disciplinarian,  «•     Enforcer  of  discipline. 
Discipline,  «.     I.  Training,   drilling,   drill,   exer- 
cise, diligent  practice. 

2.  Control,    regulation,      government,     good 
order,  subjection. 

3.  Branch  of  knowledge,  elements  of  culture. 

4.  Punishment,  chastisement,  correction. 

5.  Rule  of  practice,  regulations. 
Discipline,  v.  a.     I.    Instruct,  train,  breed,  edu- 
cate, teach,  drill,  exercise,  form,  bring  up. 

2.  Regulate,   control,    govern,    school,    bring 
under  subjection, 

3.  Punish,  chastise,  correct. 

Disclaim,  v.  a,     I.   Disown,  disavow,   deny  any 

knowledge  of. 
2.   Renounce,  reject,  cast  off. 
Disclaimer,  n.     I.   Disavowal. 

2.   {Law.)     Renunciation  {of  a   claitn  or  a 

title),  relinquishment. 
Disclose,   V.  a.      I.    Uncover,   expose,   bring   to 

view,  bring  to  light. 
2.   Reveal,  divulge,  show,  unfold,  unveil,  tell, 

utter,    betray,    communicate,    lay    open,    make 

known, 
Disclosnre,  ».     Revelation,  exposure,  discovery. 
Discolor,  V.  a.     Stain,  tarnish,  tinge,  change  the 

color  of. 
Discomfit,  v.  a.     I.    Defeat,    overthrow,    rout. 


overcome,  overpower,  conquer,  vanquish,  sub- 
due, beat,  checkmate,  put  to  flight,  put  down, 
get  the  upper  hand  of,  scatter  in  flight. 

2.  Foil,  disconcert,  balk,  frustrate  one's  plans, 
perplex. 

Discomfiture,  n.  Rout,  defeat,  overthrow, 
ruin. 

Discomfort,  »  Uneasiness,  disquiet,  inquietude, 
trouble,  annoyance. 

Discommode,  v.^  a.  Disturb,  annoy,  molest,  trou- 
ble, disquiet,  incommode,  inconvenience,  put  to 
inconvenience. 

Discompose,  v.  a.  ^  I.  Disorder,  derange,  dis- 
arrange, embroil,  jumble,  unsettle,  confuse,  dis- 
turb, throw  into  disorder  or  confusion. 

2.  Displease,  disquiet,  ruffle,  agitate,  harass, 
worry,  annoy,  plague,  trouble,  vex,  fret,  nettle, 
irritate,  provoke,  chafe. 

3.  Disconcert,  perplex,  bewilder,  embarrass, 
abash,  put  out. 

Discomposure,  n.    I.   Derangement,  confusion. 
2.    Agitation,  disquiet,  uneasiness,  excitement, 
vexation,  worry,  perturbation,  annoyance. 

Disconcert,   v.   a.       l.     Frustrate,   defeat,    balk, 

baffle,  upset,  thwart,  contravene,  interrupt,  undo. 

2.    Discompose,    confuse,    perplex,    bewilder, 

embarrass,   disturb,  abash,   put  out,  unbalance, 

throw  off  one's  balance. 

Disconnect,  v.  a.  Disjoin,  separate,  disengage, 
disunite,  sever.    Compare  Detach. 

Disconnection,  n.  Disjunction,  disassociation, 
disunion,  separation,  isolation,  severance. 

Disconsolate,  a.  inconsolable,  desolate,  forlorn, 
heart-broken,  broken-hearted,  comfortless,  cheer- 
less, sorrowful,  melancholy,  sad. 

Discontent,  n.  Dissatisfaction,  uneasiness,  in- 
quietude, restlessness,  discontentment. 

Discontinuance,  n.  Cessation,  intermission,  sus- 
pension, interruption,  stoppage,  stop,  breaking 
off. 

Discontinue,  v.  a.  Intermit,  stop,  cease,  inter- 
rupt, quit,  break  off,  leave  off,  put  an  end  to. 

Discontinuous,  a.  Interrupted,  broken,  intermit- 
tent, discrete. 

Discord,  _».  I.  Disagreement,  contention,  strife, 
dissension,  variance,  opposition,  wrangling,  dif- 
ference, rupture,  falling  out- 

2.  Dissonance,  discordance,  harshness,  jar- 
ring, want  of  harmony. 

Discordance,  \n       I.     Dlsagreernent,     inconsis- 

DiSCCrdancy,  )      tency,    incongruity,    opposition, 
conflict,  repugnance, 
2.  Discord,  dissonance. 

Discordant,  a.  I.  Disagreeing,  incongruous, 
contradictory,  contrary,  opposite,  repugnant,  at 
variance. 

2*  Dissonant,  harsh,  jarring,  inharmonious. 

Discount,  n.  Allowance,  deduction,  reduction, 
drawback,  abatement,  rebate. 

Discountenance,  v.  a.  I.  {Rare.)  Abash,  put 
to  shame,  put  out  of  countenance. 

2,  Discourage,^  disfavor,  check,  frown  upon, 
show  disapprobation  of    _ 

Discourage,  v.  a.  I.  Dishearten,  dispirit,  de- 
press, deject. 

2.  Dissuade,  deter,  keep  back. 

3.  Disfavor,  discountenance,  throw  cold  water 
upon,  put  a  damper  on,  cover  with  a  wet 
blanket. 

Discouragement,  n.     I.   Disheartening. 

2*  Dissuasion,  dehortation,  counter  influence. 
3.    Embarrassment,  hindrance,    obstacle,    im- 
pediment, damper,  wet  blanket,  cold  water. 
Discourse,   ».      I.    (Rare.)      Reason,  reasoning 
faculty,  reasoning. 

2.  Dissertation,  treatise,  disquisition,  homily, 
sermon. 


DISCOURSE 


123 


DISESTABLISHMENT 


3.  Conversation,  talk,  converse,  oral  commu- 
nication, verbal  intercourse. 
Discourse,  v.  n.     I.    Speak,  expatiate,  hold  forth, 
deliver  a  discourse. 

2.  Talk,  converse,  parley,  confer,  advise,  hold 
a  conversation,  hold  a  parley  or  couiereuce,  talk 
together. 

3.  Reason,  make  inferences,  draw  conclusions. 
Discourse,  v.  a.     Utter,   emit,  give  forth,   pour 

forth. 

Discoorteoos,  a.  Uncivil,  impolite,  uncourtly, 
uncomplaisant,  ungentlemanly,  disrespectful,  in- 
urbane, unmannerly,  uncourteous,  brusk  or 
brusque,  abrupt,  rude,   ill-bred,    ill-mannered. 

Discourtesy,  «.  Incivility,  impoliteness,  rude- 
ness, abruptness,  bruskness  or  brusqueness,  in- 
urbanlty,  ill-breeding. 

Discover,  v.  a.  I.  Reveal,  communicate,  tell, 
disclose,  exhibit,  show,  manifest,  make  manifest, 
impart,  make  known,  lay  open,  lay  bare,  expose 
to  view. 

2.  Ascertain,  detect,  find  out 

3.  Find  out  {orig^inally)^  be  the  discoverer  of, 
be  the  first  to  find. 

4.  Descry,  discern,  espy,  see,  behold,  get 
sight  of,  get  a  glimpse  of. 

Discovery,  n.  I.  Disclosure,  revelation,  making 
known. 

2.  Finding,  finding  out,  detection,  ascer- 
tainment. 

3.  First  sight,  first  view. 

Discredit,  n.  I.  Doubt,  question,  loss  of  credit 
or  credence. 

2.  Disrepute,  dishonor,  disgrace,  reproach, 
opprobrium,  obloquy,  odium,  ignominy,  ill  repute. 

Discredit,  v,  a.  I.  Disbelieve,  give  no  credit  to, 
place  no  confidence  in,  refuse  credence  to,  ques- 
tion, doubt. 

2.  Disgrace,  dishonor,  bring  reproach  upon, 
make  disreputable,  blow  upon,  destroy  confidence 
in,  bring  into  disfavor,  make  distasteful,  deprive 
of  credit. 

Discreditable,  a.    Disgraceful,  disreputable. 

Discreet,  a.  Prudent,  cautious,  judicious,  wise, 
circumspect,  considerate,  heedful,  wary. 

Discrepance,  (  n.     Difference,     incongruity,     di's- 

Discrepancy,  J  agreement,  contrariety,  inconsis- 
tency, variance,  divergence,  discordance. 

Discrepant,  a.  Differing,  disagreeing,  incongru- 
ous, inconsistent,  contrary,  discordant,  jamng, 
clashing,  conflicting. 

Discrete,  a.  I.  Separate,  distinct,  disjunct, 
discontinuous. 

2.  Disjunctive,  discretive. 

Discretion,  «.  I.  Prudence  (in  thing's  immedi- 
ately be/ore  tts),  judgment,  caution,  wariness, 
carefulness,  circumspection,  considerateness, 
judiciousness.  See  Prudence. 
_  2.  Sound  judgment,  good  sense,  discrimina- 
tion, mature  judgment,  maturity,  responsibility. 

3.  Will,  pleasure,   choice,  liberty  of  judgment, 

§}^;jl||i^j„.    Op.lo.al. 

Discretive,  a.     Disjunctive,  discrete. 

Discriminate,  v.  a.  Distinguish,  mark  the  differ- 
ence between,  tell  one  from  the  other. 

Discriminate,  o  «.  Distinguish,  make  a  distinc- 
tion, note  differences,  judge  nicely  <7r  accurately, 
be  discriminating. 

Discrimination,  «.     I.   Distinction,  difference. 
2.   Discernment,  penetration,  acuteness,  judg- 
ment, sagacity,  insight. 

Discriminative,  «.  Discriminating,  distinguishing, 
characterizing,  characteristic,  distinctive. 

Discursive,    a.     I.    Reasoning,     argumentative, 
capable  of  reasoning. 
2.  Traversing  a  field  of  particulars,  derived 


through  particulars,  passing  from  many  to  one, 
from  manifolduess  to  unity. 

3.    Roving,    wandering,   rambling,  desultory, 
taking  a  wide  range. 

Discus,  «.     Quoit,  disk. 

Discuss,  V.  a.  Debate,  sift,  canvass,  ventilate, 
agitate,  argue,  reason  about,  consider,  deliberate 
(upon). 

Discussion,  n.   I.   Debating,  ventilation,  agiution, 
canvassing. 
2.   Debate,  disputation,  controversy. 

Disdain,  v.  a.  Despise,  contemn,  scout,  scorn, 
spurn,  look  down  upon,  hold  in  contempt,  con- 
sider beneath  notice. 

Disdain,  ».  Scorn,  contempt,  contumely,  haughti- 
ness^ superciliousness,  arrogance,  hauteur. 

Disdainful,  a.  Scornful,  contemptuous,  super- 
cilious, contumelious,  haughty,  cavalier. 

Disease,  n.  Disorder,  distemper,  malady,  com- 
plaint, ail,  ailment,  sickness,  illness,  indisposition, 
infirmity. 

Diseased,  a.  Disordered,  distempered,  imsound, 
sickly,  sick. 

Disembark,  v.  a.  Land,  put  on  shore,  send  ashore, 
debark. 

Disemt)ark,  v.  n.     Land,  go  on  shore,  debark. 

Diseml)arrass,  v.  a.  Disengage,  extricate,  release, 
disburden,  disencumber,  disenUng.e,  ease,  rid, 
free,  clear,  set  free. 

Disembodied,  a.  Unbodied,  incorporeal.  Imma- 
terial, spiritual,  bodiless,  divested  of  the  body. 

Disembogue,  v.  a.  Discharge  (at  the  mouth,  as  a 
river),  empty,  pour  out,  give  vent  to. 

Disembogue,  v.  n.  Issue,  flow  out  {at  the  mouth, 
as  a  river),  discharge  itself,  be  discharged. 

Disemboguement,  n.    Discharge,  issue. 

Disembowel,  v.  a.  Eviscerate,  embowel,  take  out 
the  bowels  of. 

Disembroil,  v.  a.  Disentangle,  free  from  perplex- 
ity, extricate  from  confusion. 

Disenable,  v.  a.  Disqualify,  disable,  unfit,  inca- 
pacitate, make  incapable. 

Disenchant,  v-  a.  B'ree  from  enchantment,  deliver 
from  illusions,  remove  the  spell  from. 

Disencumber,  v.  a.  Disburden,  disengage,  dis- 
embarrass, release,  ease,  rid,  set  free. 

Disengage,  v.  a.  l.  Release,  extricate,  liberate, 
clear,  disentangle,  disembroil,  disembarrass, 
loose,  unloose,  tree,  set  free. 

2.  Separate,  detach,  divide,  disjoin,  disunite, 
dissociate. 

3.  Withdraw,  wean,  draw  off. 
Disengaged,  a.    Unengaged,  unoccupied,  at  leisure, 

not  busy. 
Disengagement,  n.     I.  Detachment,  separation. 

2.  Liberation,     release,     extrication,      disen- 
tanglement. 

3.  Leisure,  freedom  from  business. 
Disennoble,  v.  a.     Degrade,  disgrace,  make  ig- 
noble, deprive  of  rank  or  dignity,  strip  of  title. 

Disentsingle,  v.  a.  I.  Unravel,  untwist,  unfold, 
loosen,  separate,  straighten  out. 

2.  Extricate,  disengage,  disembroil,  liberate, 
clear,  loose,  unloose,  disconnect,  detach,  free,  set 
free. 
Disenthrall,  v.  a.  Liberate,  enfranchise,  free,  re- 
lease from  bondage,  rescue  from  slavery  or  op- 
pression. 
Disestablish,  v.  a.  I.  {Rare.)  Abolish,  over- 
throw, annul,  discontinue,  abrogate,  set  aside,  do 
away. 

2.  Deprive  of  public  support,  strip  of  State 
authority,  abolish  as  a  State  institution- 
Disestablishment,  n.  I.  (Rare.)  Abolition, 
annulment,  discontinuance,  abrogation,  over- 
throw, subversion,  destruction,  annihilation,  ex- 
tinction. 


DISESTEEM 


124 


DISLOCATE 


2.  Deprivation  of  public  support,  stripping  of 
State  authority,  abolition  as  a  ijtaie  institution. 

Disesteem,  n.  and  v.  a.  Disregard.  See  Dis- 
favor. 

Disfavor,  n.  I.  Disregard,  disesteem,  dislike, 
disrespect,  little  or  slight  esteem,  low  regard, 
slight  displeasure,  unfavorable  regard,  disap- 
proval. 

2.  Unacceptableness,  {state  of)  disapproval  or 
low  regard,  disgrace,  uninfluential  position. 

3.  Unkindness,  disobliging  act,  ill  turn,  dis- 
service, act  of  ill-will. 

Disfigure,  v.  a.  Deform,  deface,  mar,  injure, 
blemish,  spoil,  make  ugly,  make  unsightly. 

Disfigurement,    n.     I.   Defacement,    injury,    de- 
forming, marring,  blemishing,  spoiling, 
2.   Deformity,  blemish,  injury. 

DisfrancMse,  v.  a.  Deprive  of  a  franchise,  deprive 
of  chartered  rights  or  the  privileges  of  a 
citizen. 

Disfurnish,  v.  a.  Unfurnish,  strip,  divest,  dis- 
mantle, disgarnish. 

Disgamisll,  v.  a.     See  DiSFURNiSH. 

Disgorge,  v.  a.    I.  Vomit,  spew,  cast  up,  throw  up. 

2.  Eject,  discharge,  throw  out. 

3.  Relinquish,  surrender,  yield,  give  up,  give 
back. 

Disgrace,  «.    I.  Disfavor,  disesteem,  degradation. 
2.   Dishonor,   discredit,   disrepute,   disesteem, 
shame,   reproach,   disparagement,  ignominy,  in- 
famy, opprobrium,  obloquy,  odium,  scandal,  blot 
on  one's  escutcheon. 

Disgrace,  v-  a.  I.  Put  out  of  favor,  dismiss  from 
favor,  humiliate,  humble,  degrade,  strip  of  rank 
or  honors. 

2.  Dishonor,  discredit,  degrade,  debase,  tar- 
nish, stain,  sully,  taint,  bring  shame,  reproach, 
dishonor,  or  a  stain  upon. 

Disgraceful,  a.  Shameful,  ignominious,  scandal- 
ous, dishonorable,  discreditable,  disreputable, 
infamous,  opprobrious,  ignominious,  that  deserves 
reproach,  odium,  or  obloquy. 

Disguise,  v.  a.  Conceal  {by  dress  or  outward 
appearance),  cloak,  veil,  shroud,  muffle,  mask, 
hide,  dissemble. 

Disguise,  «.     I.   Mask,  cover,  counterfeit  dress. 
2.   False  appearance,  counterfeit  show,  cloak, 
blind,  pretence,  pretext. 

Disguised,  a.  I.  Cloaked,  masked,  veiled,  in 
disguise. 

2.  Intoxicated,  inebriated,  drunken,  drunk, 
fuddled,  tipsy,  mellow,  maudlin,  in  liquor,  in 
one's  cups,  half-seas-over. 

Disgust,  n,  I.  Nausea,  disrelish,  distaste,  loath- 
ing. 

2.  Dislike,  repugnance,  aversion,  antipathy, 
abomination,  detestation,  abhorrence,  hatred. 

Disgust,  V.  a.  I.  Sicken,  affect  with  nausea,  turn 
one's  stomach,  go  against  one's  stomach. 

2.  Displease,  offend,  be  repellent,  repulsive, 
repugnant,  hateful,  detestable,  or  abhorrent  to. 

Disgusting,  a.  I.  Nauseous,  nauseating,  loath- 
some, sickening. 

2.  Repulsive,  loathsome,  revolting,  offensive, 
odious,  hateful,  foul,  abominable,  repugnant, 
abhorrent,  detestable,  distasteful. 

Dish,  n.     I.   See  Platter. 
2.   Viand,  article  of  food. 

Dish,  V.  a.    I,  Put  in  a  dish,  put  into  dishes,  serve. 
2.   {Colloq.)    Do  for,  put  kors  de  comSat,  hzlk, 
upset,  thwart,  shelve,  lay  up,  render  helpless. 

Dishabille,  «.     D^shabill^,  undress,  loose  dress. 

Dishearten,  v.  a.  Dispirit,  discourage,  deject, 
depress. 

Dished,  a.     {Colloq.)    I.   Ruined,  spoiled. 

2.  Frustrated,  balked,  foiled,  baffled,  upset, 
disconcerted,  disappointed. 


Dishevelled,  a.     Disordered  {as  the  hair),  un- 

trimmed,  hanging  loose  or  negligently,  at  loosa 
ends. 

Dishing,  a.     Concave,  dish-like. 

Dish-like,  a.  Dishing,  concave,  shaped  like  a 
dish. 

Dishonest,  a.  I.  Faithless,  knavish,  false,  unfair, 
disingenuous,  fraudulent,  deceitful,  treacherous, 
slippery,  unscrupulous,  perfidious,  false-hearted, 
without  probity,  destitute  of  integrity. 

2.   [Said  of  'women.\     Unchaste,  unvirtuous, 
wanton,  lewd,  unfaithful  i,to  marriage  vows). 

Dishonest^,  «•  I.  Improbity,  faithlessness, 
knavery,  treachery,  falsehood,  deceitfulness,  per- 
fidiousness,  fraud,  fraudulency,  fraudulence, 
trickery. 

2.   [Said  of  women.']    Unchastity,  unfaithful- 
ness, infidelity,  frailty,  wantonness,  lewdness. 

Dishonor,  n.  Disgrace,  discredit,  disrepute,  re- 
proach, degradation,  shame,  ignominy,  obloquy, 
infamy,  opprobrium,  odium,  scandal,   abasement. 

Dishonor,  v.  a.  I.  Disgrace,  discredit,  degrade, 
abase,  bring  shame  or  reproach  upon,  stain  the 
character  of. 

2.  Debauch,  deflour,  corrupt. 

3.  Refuse  to  accept  or  to  pay  {as  a  draft). 
Dishonorable,  a.     I.    Disreputable,   discreditable, 

disgraceful,    shameful,    scandalous,      infamous, 
ignominious. 

2.   Base,   devoid  of  honor,   shameless,  false, 
false-hearted. 

Dish-washer,  «.  Goosander,  wagtail,  dun-diver 
(Mergus  mergatiser  or  Mergus  castor). 

Disinclination,  n.  Indisposition,  reluctance,  re- 
pugnance, aversion,  unwillingness. 

Disincline,  v.  a.  Make  averse  or  reluctant  or  un- 
willing, indispose. 

Disinclined,  a.  Unwilling,  indisposed,  reluctant, 
averse. 

Disinfect,  v.  a.  Deodorize,  fumigate,  purify, 
cleanse  or  free  from  infection. 

Disingenuous,  a.  Insincere,  uncandid,  double- 
minded,  hollow,  dishonest. 

Disintegrate,  v.  a.  Crumble,  reduce  to  fragments, 
break  to  pieces. 

Disinter,  v.  a.  Exhume,  unbury,  disentomb,  dis- 
inhume,  dig  up. 

Disinterested,  a.  I.  Unbiassed,  impartial,  fair, 
candid. 

2.   Generous,  unselfish,  liberal,  magnanimous, 
high-minded. 

Disinthrall,  v.  a.     See  Disenthrall. 

Disjoin,  v.  a.  Disunite,  separate,  divide,  part, 
sunder,  sever,  dissever,  detach,  dissociate. 

Disjoint,  v.  a.  I.  Dislocate,  luxate,  put  out  of 
joint. 

2.  Unloose,   disconnect,   disjoin,  separate    al 
the  joints  or  original  divisions. 

3.  Break  up,  disarrange,  derange,  throw  into 
confusion. 

Disjointed,    a.    Disconnected,  loose,  incoherent, 

desultory. 
Disjunction,  n.     Separation,  disconnection,  disas- 

sociation,  disunion,  isolation,  severance,  parting. 
Disjunctive,  a  Disjoining,  discretive,  alternative. 
Disk,  «.     [Written  also  Disc]     I.   Quoit,  discus. 

2.  Face  {of  the  sun,  moon,  etc.). 

3.  Circular  plate,  flat  circular  surface. 
Dislike,  «.     Disinclination,  aversion,  distaste,  dis- 
relish, antipathy,  repugnance,  displeasure,  disgust. 

Dislike,  v.  a.  Disrelish,  have  an  aversion  to,  be 
disinclined  or  averse  or  reluctant,  disapprove, 
hold  in  disfavor. 

Dislimb,  V.  a.     Dismember,  mutilate. 

Dislocate,  v.  a.     I.   Displace,  disarrange,  disturb^ 
put  out  of  place  or  out  of  order. 
2.  Disjoint,  luxate,  put  out  of  joint. 


DISLOCATION 


125 


DISPERSE 


BialOCatioilt  **•      I.*  Derangement,  displacement. 

2.    Luxation,  disjointing. 
Dislodge,  V.  a.     I,  Expel,  oust,  eject,  drive  out, 

drive  away. 
2.   Remove,  force  out,  push  out,  get  out. 
Disloyal,  a.      Unfaithful,    undutiful,    disaffected, 

faithless,  false,  treacherous,  perfidious,   untrue, 

false  to  one's  allejajiance. 
Disloyalty,    n.      Unfaithfulness,     undutifulness, 

faithlessness,  treachery,  perfidy,  want  of  loyalty, 

lack  of  fidelity,  dereliction  of  allegiance. 
Dismalt  a.      I.     Cheerless,   gloomy,   dark,    dull, 

dreary,  lonesome. 

2.  Melancholy,  mournful,  sad,  doleful,  dolor- 
ous, sombre,  lugubrious,  funereal. 

3.  Horrid,  horrible,  terrible,  dire,  frightful. 
Dismals,   «.  //.      [With    Tfu  prefixed.]     Melan- 
choly, low  spirits,  the  blues,  the  vapors,  depres- 
sion, depression  of  spirits,  low  state,  etinui. 

Dismantle,  v.  a.  Unrig,  strip  of  covering,  de- 
prive of  apparatus,  furniture,  rigging,  equip- 
ments, armament,  or  defences. 

Dismay*  v.  a.  Terrify,  frighten,  appall,  affright, 
scare,  alarm,  intimidate,  paralyze  with  fear, 
daunt. 

Dismay,  n.  Terror,  fright,  affright,  fear,  alarm, 
horror,  consternation. 

Dismember,  v.  a.     I.    Mutilate,  dislimb,  disjoint. 
2.   Divide,  separate,  sever,  pull  apart,  break 
up,  dilacerate,  rend  asunder. 

Dismiss,  V.  a.  I.  Send  away,  give  leave  to  go, 
permit  to  go. 

2.  Discharge,  discard,  cashier,  turn  off,  turn 
out,  remove  from  office,  turn  adrift,  send  pack- 
ing, send  about  one's  business. 

Dismissal,  n.     See  Dismission. 

Dismission,  n.      I.  Permission    to  go,  leave  to 
depart,   release,  discharge,  dismissal,  liberation, 
manumission. 
2.  Discharge,  removal  from  office,  dismissal. 

Dismount,  v.  a.     I.   Unhorse. 

2.  {Said  of  cannon.']  Displace,  throw  out  of 
position,  knock  from  their  carriages. 

3.  \_Said  of  artUlery.\  Take  from  the  wheels, 
remove  from  the  carriages. 

Dismotmt,  v.  n.  Alight  {from  a  horse),  descend, 
get  down. 

Disobedience,  «.  I.  Infraction  or  violation  (of 
a  command),  refusal  to  obey,  breach  of  duty, 
disobeying. 

2.  Undutifulness,  neglect  of  duty,  unruliness, 
frowardness,  indiscipline,  contumacy. 

Disobedient,  a.  Unsubmissive,  uncomplying,  re- 
fractory, obstinate,  undutiful,  unruly,  iroward. 

Disobey,  v.  a.  I.  Refuse  to  obey,  break  the 
command  of,  refuse  submission  to,  disregard  the 
commands  of. 

2.  Transgress,  violate,  infringe,  disregard,  set 
at  nought  or  defiance,  go  counter  to. 

Disoblige,  v.  a.     Displease,  offend. 

Disobliging,  a.  Unaccommodating,  unkind,  un- 
amiable,  unfriendly,  ill-natured. 

Disorder,  «.  I.  Confusion,  derangement,  dis- 
arrangement, disarray,  disorganization,  irregu- 
larity, jumble,  want  of  order. 

2.  Tumult,  disturbance,  commotion,  riot. 

3.  Turbulence,  tumultuousness,  riotousness. 

4.  Distemper,  complaint,  malady,  sickness, 
disease,  ail,  ailment,  indisposition. 

Disorder,  v.  a.  I.  Derange,  disarrange,  disturb, 
discompose,  confuse,  unsettle,  disorganize,  up- 
set, throw  into  confusion,  turn  topsy-turvy,  put 
out  of  place. 

2.  Impair  the  functions  of,  produce  disease 
in. 

Disorderly,  a.  I.  Immethodical,  irregular,  con- 
fused, out  of  order,  in  bad  order. 


2.   Lawless,  rebellious,  turbulent,  unruly,  tu- 
multuous, riotous. 
Disorganization,   n.      I.  Disorganizing,   derang- 
ing, etc.     See  the  verb. 

2.  Disorder,  derangement,  confusion. 

3.  Destruction,  dissolution. 
Disorganize,   v.   a.      I.   Disorder,   derange,   dis- 
arrange,   upset,   confuse,   unsettle,   disturb,   dis- 
compose, put  out  of  order,  throw  into  disorder. 

2.  Destroy,  break  up. 
Disown,  V.  a.     I.   Disclaim,  disavow,   repudiate, 
renounce,  reject,  cast  off,  refuse  to  acknowledge. 
2.   Deny,  disallow,  refuse  to  admit. 
Disparage,  v.  a.      I.   Depreciate,   decry,  belittle, 
undervalue,  underrate,  underestimate,  run  down, 
detract  from,  derogate  from. 

2.   Asperse,  reproach,  traduce,  defame,  vilify, 
reflect  upon,  inveigh  against,  speak  ill  of. 
Disparagement,  n.     I.   Depreciation,  derogation, 
detraction,  undervaluing,  underrating. 

2.  Lessening,  diminution,  detraction,  deroga- 
tion, impairment,  injury,  worsening,  prejudice, 
barm. 

3.  Reproach,  aspersion,  defamation,  calumny, 
vilification. 

4.  Reproach,  indignity,  dishonor,  disgrace, 
dispraise. 

Disparity,  ».    I.  Inequality,  difference,  dispro- 
portion. 
2.  Dissimilitude,  unlikeness. 

Dispftrt,  V.  a.  Sunder,  disunite,  separate,  divide, 
sever,  dissever,  burst,  rend,  rive,  cleave,  split, 
break  asunder. 

Dispart,  v.  «.     Separate,  part. 

Dispassion,  n.  I.  Calmness,  calm,  dispassionate- 
ness, collectedness,  fireedom  from  agitation,  un- 
ruffled state. 

2.  Apathy,  insensibility,  impassibility,  cold- 
ness, dulness,  torpor,  indifference,  unconcern, 
want  of  feeling. 

Dispassionate,  a.  I.  Unimpassioned,  imperturb- 
able, inexcitable,  unexcited,  composed,  collected, 
temperate,  undisturbed,  unruffled,  quiet,  calm, 
cool,  staid,  serene,  sober. 

2.  Impartial,  unbiassed,  fair,  candid,  disin- 
terested. 

Dispatch,  «.  and  v.  a.    See  Despatch, 

Dispel,  V.  a.  Disperse  {completely),  scatter,  dissi- 
pate, banish,  drive  away. 

Dispensable,  a.     I.   Distributable,  apportionable. 
2.  To  be  spared  or  dispensed  with,  unneces- 
sary, needless,  superfluous,  removable. 

Dispensation,  «.  I.  Dispensing,  distributing, 
distribution,  apportioning,  apportionment,  allot- 
ment. 

2.  Administration,  stewardship. 

3.  Scheme,  plan,  system,  economy. 

4.  Exemption  (from  some  law),  license. 
Dispensatory,  «.     Pharmacopoeia. 

Dispense,  v.  a.  I.  Distribute,  apportion,  allot, 
deal  out. 

2.  Administer,  apply,  execute,  carry  out. 

3.  Exempt,  release,  relieve,  excuse. 
Dispenser,  «.     Distributer,  divider. 
Dispense  with.    I.  Do  without. 

2.  Disregard,  neglect,  set  aside,  suspend  the 
use  of.  omit. 

3.  (Rare.)  Excuse,  exonerate,  exempt, 
release. 

Dispeople,  v.  a.    Depopulate,  unpeople. 
Disperse,   v.   a.     I.   Scatter,  separate,   dissipate, 

dispel,   drive  to  different  parts,   scatter    to  the 

winds. 
2.  Diffuse,  disseminate,  spread,  scatter  abroad, 

sow  broadcast. 
Disperse,  z/.n.     I.   Scatter,  separate,  be  scattered, 

go  different  ways. 


DISPERSION 


126 


DISREPUTABLE 


2.  Break  up  or  away,  vanish,  disappear,  be 
dispelled,  be  dissipated. 

Dispersion,  n.     Scattering. 

Dispirit,  v.  a.  Dishearten,  depress,  deject, 
discourage. 

Dispirited,  a.  Dejected,  disheartened,  depressed, 
discouraged,  down-hearted,  downcast,  despond- 
ent, cast  down,  crestfallen,  chapfallen,  down  in 
the  mouth. 

Displace,  v.  a.  I.  Move,  dislocate,  put  out  of 
place,  change  the  place  of, 

2.  Remove,  dislodge,  take  out  or  away. 

3.  Depose,  oust,  dismiss,  discharge,  cashier, 
remove,  eject  from  office. 

Display,  v.  a.  I.  Expand,  unfold,  extend,  open, 
spread. 

2.  Exhibit,  show,  bring  into  view,  hold  up  to 
view,  make  manifest. 

3.  Parade,  show  off. 

Display,  «.     I.   Exhibition,  manifestation,  show, 
2.   Parade,      pomp,     pageant,      ostentation, 
flourish. 
Displease,  v.  <x.      I.  Offend,  dissatisfy,   disgust, 
disoblige,  give  offence  to. 

2.   Provoke,    irritate,    vex,    chagrin,    affront, 
pique,  chafe,  fret,  anger,  nettle,  make  angry. 
DTspleasure,  «.     I.   Dissatisfaction,   dislike,    dis- 
taste, disapprobation,  disapproval. 

2.  Anger,  indignation,  vexation,  resentment, 
wrath. 

3.  Offence,  injury. 

Disport,  «.  {Poetical. )  Play,  amusement,  diver- 
sion, pastime,  sport,  merriment. 

Disport,  V.  n.  Play,  gambol,  frisk,  frolic,  sport, 
make  merry,  wanton,  caper. 

Disport,  V.  a.  Amuse,  divert,  entertain,  cheer, 
solace,  beguile,  relax. 

Disposal,  «.     I.    Arrangement,  disposition. 

_  2.   Management,  control,  government,  regula- 
tion, disposure,  direction,  ordering,  conduct. 
3.   Dispensation,  distribution,  bestowment. 

Dispose,  V.  a.  I.  Arrange,  range,  rank,  group, 
marshal,  set,  place,  place  in  order. 

2.  Adjust,  regulate,  settle,  determine,  set 
right, 

3.  Incline,  lead,  move,  induce,  bias,  predis- 
pose, j 

Dispose,  V.  n.    I.  Control,  regulate,  rule,  settle, 

decide. 
2.   Bargain,  compound,  make  terms,  arrange, 

have  an  understanding. 
DisiK)se  of.      I,   Sell,   transfer,  convey,  alienate, 

part  with,  put  out  of  one's  possession,  get  rid  of. 

2.  Determine  the  condition  of,  arrange  for. 

3.  Remove,  put  away,  get  rid  of. 

4.  Employ,  use,  put  to  use,  do  with. 
Disposer,    «.      I.    Bestower,    giver,    distributer, 

donor,  dispenser. 

2.  Regulator,    director,    governor,    manager, 
controller. 
Disposition,  «.    I,  Disposing,  arranging,  arrange- 
ment, placing,  location,  grouping. 

2.  Management,  regulation,  control,  direction, 
ordering,  adjustment,  disposure,  disposal. 

3.  Tendency,  proneness,  inclination,  procliv- 
ity, propensity,  predisposition,  bent,  bias. 

4.  Temper,  nature,  native  character,  native 
impulses,  humor,  turn. 

5.  Willingness,  inclination. 

6.  Dispensation,  distribution,  bestowment. 
possess,  V.  a.     I.   Deprive,  divest,  strip. 

2.  Dislodge,  eject,  oust,  drive  out. 

3.  {Law.)  Disseize,  oust,  wrongfully  dis- 
possess. 

Dispossession,  «.     I.   Deprivation. 

2.  {Law.)  Ouster,  disseizin,  wrongful  dis- 
possession. 


Disposure,  «.     I.   Management^  direction,  regula* 
tion,  control,  disposal,  disposition,  ordering. 
2.   Distribution,  assignment,  allotment. 

Dispraise,  n.     I.   Blame,  censure. 

2.  Reproach,  dishonor,  disgrace,  disparage- 
mentj  discredit,  shame,  opprobrium. 

Dispraise,    v,    a.      Blame,     censure,     find    fault 
with. 

Disproof,  «.    Confutation,  refutation. 

Disproportion,  «.      I.   Want  of  symmetry,  ill  or 
bad  proportions. 

2.  Disparity,  inequality,  unsuitableness,  in- 
adequacy, insufficiency. 

Disproportional,  a.     See  Disproportionate. 

Disproportionate,     a.       I.    Unsymmetrical,    ill- 
proportioned,  out  of  proportion. 

2.  [With  /<».]  Out  of  proportion,  lacking  pro- 
portion, incommensurate  {with),  improperly  pro- 
portioned, unsuitable,  lacking  proper  adjustment 
or  adaptation,  ill-adapted. 

3.  Inadequate,  insufficient,  below  requirement. 
Disprove,  v.  a.     Confute,  refute,  show  to  be  false. 
DlspntaMe,  a.     Controvertible,  debatable,  doubt- 
ful, questionable,  open  to  discussion. 

Disputant,   «.    Controversialist,  arguer,  debater, 

disputer. 
Disputation,     «.      Debate,  dispute,  controversy, 

argumentation,  verbal  contest. 
Disputatious,  a.    Cavilling,  captious,  contentious, 

quarrelsome,  polemical. 
Dispute,  V.  n.      I.    Debate,  argue,  contend  in 

argument. 
2.   Bicker,  wrangle,  quarrel,  brawl,  spar,  spat, 

jangle,  squabble,  tiff,  fall  out,  have  words,  have 

an  altercation. 
Dispute,  V.  a.     I.  Debate,  discuss,  agitate,  venti- 
late, argue,  reason  about. 

2.  Controvert,  impugn,  deny,  contradict,  call 
in  question,  oppose  by  argument. 

3.  Contest,  struggle  for,  make  resistance  on. 
Dispute,  n.     I.   Debate,  disputation,  discussion, 

controversy. 

2.  Altercation,  wrangle,  squabble,  spat,  tiff, 
verbal  contest,  verbal  quarrel,  war  of  words, 

Disputer,  «.  Debater,  controversialist,  disputant, 
reasoner,  arguer, 

DiSQualificatlcn,  «,  Incapacitation,  disability, 
want  of  qualification. 

Disqualify,  v,  a.  I.  Unfit,  disable,  incapacitate 
{naturally). 

2.  Disenable,  prohibit,  preclude,  incapacitate 
(legally). 

DiSQUiei,  «.  Uneasiness,  restlessness,  disturbance, 
anxiety,  vexation,  trouble,  disquietude,  inqui- 
etude, unrest. 

Disquiet,  v.  a.  Trouble,  annoy,  vex,  disturb, 
worry,  harass,  plague,  bother,  molest,  pester, 
incommode. 

Disquietude,  «.    Uneasiness.     See  Disquiet. 

Disquisition,  n.  Dissertation,  treatise,  discourse, 
essay,  formal  inquiry. 

Disregard,  «.     I.   Neglect,  slight,  contempt,   ig- 
noring, wilful  oversight. 
2.  Disesteem,  disfavor,  indifference. 

Disregard,  v.  a.  Neglect,  slight,  overlook,  ignore, 
contemn,  disobey,  pay  no  attention  to,  pay  no 
heed  to,  pay  no  regard  to,  take  no  notice  of, 
turn  a  deaf  ear  to. 

Disrelish,  «.     I.  Dislike,  distaste,  want  of  relish. 

2.  Insipidity,  insipidness,  flatness,  bad  taste, 
nauseousness. 

3.  Aversion,  antipathy,  repugnance,  disgust. 
Disrelisll,  v.  a.    Dislike,  loathe,  have  an  aversion 

to. 
Disreputable,  a.     I.   Discreditable,  dishonorable, 
disgraceful,  shameful,  scandalous,  infamous,  op- 
probrious, derogatory. 


DISREPUTE 


12T 


DISTASTEFUL 


2.   Ofhadrepntztion  {deservedly),  low,  mean, 
vulgar,  base,  of  bad  character. 

I>iBrepnte,  n.  Discredit,  dishonor,  disgrace, 
degradation,  derogation,  abasement,  odium,  ill 
repute. 

Disrespect,/*.    I.   Disesteem,  irreverence,  slight, 
neglect,  disregard. 
2.    Incivility,  discourtesy,  rudeness. 

Disrespectful,  a.     I.    Irreverent,  slighting. 

2.   Uncivil,  impolite,   discourteous,  uncourte- 
ous,  rude. 

Disrobe,  v.  a.  Divest,  strip,  undress,  uncover, 
unclothe. 

Disruption,  n.  Breach,  rent,  rupture,  burst, 
breaking  or  tearing  asunder. 

Dissatisfactioil,  «.  I.  Discontent,  uneasiness, 
inquietude.     See  Disquiet. 

2.   Displeasure,    dislike,    disapprobation,  dis- 
approval. 

Dissatisfied^  a.  Discontented,  uneasy,  dis- 
pleased. 

Dissect,  V.  a.     I.  Anatomize,  cut  in  pieces. 

2.  Analyze,  scrutinize,  sift,  examine,  investi- 
gate, explore,  lay  open. 

Dissection,  n.     I.   Anatomy. 

2.  Scrutiny,    analysis,    examination,     investi- 
gation, sifting. 

Disseize,  v.  a.     Dispossess,  oust  {wrong/ully). 

Dissemble,  v.  a.  Conceal,  hide,  disguise,  cloak, 
cover. 

Dissemble,  v.  n.  Conceal  one's  real  purposes, 
disguise  the  feelings  or  character. 

Dissembler,  «.  Disgulser  of  one's  feelings,  mo- 
tives, or  character  (/w  the  case  may  be). 

Disseminate^  v.  a.  Spread,  propagate,  diffuse, 
disperse,  circulate,  promulgate,  spread  abroad. 

Dissemination,  n.  Diffusion,  dispersion,  propaga- 
tion, scattering,  spreading,  promulgation. 

Dissension,  «.  Discord,  contention,  strife,  vari- 
ance, disa^eement,  difference,  quarrel,  breach 
of  friendship. 

Dissent,  v.  n.  I.  Withhold  assent,  refuse  or 
decline  to  agree,  disagree  (m  an  opinion). 

2,   Refuse  to   conform     {io    the    Church    of 
England),  be  a  non-conformist. 

Dissent,  «.   I.  Disagreement,  difference  of  opinion. 
2.   Non-conformity,  refusal  to  conform  {fo  the 
Church  of  England). 

Dissenter,  «.    Non-conformist,  sectary,  dissident. 

Dissent  from.  Diifer  from  or  with,  disagree  with 
or  to,  withhold  assent  to. 

Dissentient,  a.     Disagreeing,  dissenting. 

Dissepiment,  «.     {Bot.)     Partition. 

Dissertation,  «.  Disquisition,  treatise,  discourse, 
essay. 

Disservice,  ».  Injury,  harm,  mischief,  hurt,  dis- 
advantage, disfavor,  ill-turn. 

Dissever,  v.  a.  Disjoin,  disunite,  separate,  part, 
sunder,  dispart,  divide,  rend,  sever,  dissociate, 
disconnect. 

Dissidence,  «.  Dissent,  disagreement,  non-con- 
formity, sectarianism,  principles  of  non-conform- 
ance. 

Dissident,  «.     Dissenter,  non-conformist,  sectary. 

Dissimilar,  a.  Unlike^  diflferent,  heterogeneous, 
diverse,  divergent,  various. 

Dissimilarity,  «.  Unlikeness,  dissimilitude,  di- 
versity, disparity,  variation,  divergence. 

Dissimilitude,  «.     See  Dissimilarity. 

Dissimulation,  n.  Concealment,  dissembling, 
deceit,  duplicity,  double-dealing,  false  pretence. 

Dissipate,  v.  a.  I.  Disperse,  dispel,  scatter, 
drive  away. 

2.   Waste,  squander,  lavish,  consume,   spend 
lavishly,  throw  away. 

Dissipate,  v.  n.  I.  Vanish,  disappear,  scatter, 
disperse. 


2.  Live  dissolutely,  be  dissolute,  practise  de- 
bauchery, indulge  in  dissipation. 

3.  Live  idly  and  luxuriously,  enervate  one's 
self,  be  an  idler  and  spendthrift. 

Dissipation^  n.  I.  Dispersion,  scattering,  van- 
ishing. 

2.  Waste,  squandering,  lavish  expenditure. 

3.  Dissoluteness,  profligacy,  excess,  debauch- 
ery, loose  living. 

Dissociate^  v.  a.  Disjoin,  disunite,  separate, 
sever,  dissever,  divide,  part,  sunder,  detach, 
disconnect. 

Dissociation,  n.  ^  Disunion,  separation,  severance, 
severing,  dividing,  disjoining,  dissevering,  part- 
ing, sundering,  detachment,  disconnection. 

Dissoluble,  a,  I.  Dissolvable,  capable  of  lique- 
faction. 

2.   Separable,   capable  of  being  sundered  or 
disunited,  temporary. 

Dissolute,  a.  Loose,  licentious,  lax,  debauched, 
wanton,    lewd,    corrupt,    profligate,    rakish,    de- 

K raved,  dissipated,  reprobate,  abandoned,  grace- 
!ss,  shameless,  wild. 
Dissolution,  ».   I.  Liquefaction,  melting,  solution. 

2.  Decomposition,  putrefaction. 

3.  Death,  disease,  extinction  of  life. 

4.  Destruction,  overthrow,  ruin. 

5.  Termination,  breaking  up. 
Dissolvable,  a.     Dissoluble,  capable  of  liquefac- 
tion. 

Dissolve,  v.a.     I.    Liquefy,  melt. 

2.  Disunite,    sever,    separate,    divide,    loose, 
disorganize,  break  apart. 

3.  Destroy,  ruin. 

4.  Terminate,  bring  to  an  end,  put  an  end  to, 
break  up. 

Dissolve,  v.n.     I.   Melt,  liquefy,  be  melted. 

2.  Vanish,    disappear,    fade,    melt  away,   be 
dissipated. 

3.  Perish,  crumble^  be  destroyed. 
Dissonance^  n.     I.   Discord,  discordance,  harsh- 
ness, jarnng,  want  of  harmony. 

2.  Disagreement,    inconsistency,    incongruity, 

discrepancy. 
Dissonant,    a.     I,    Discordant,      unharmonious, 

harsh,  grating,  jarring,  out  of  tune. 
2.    Disagreeing,     incongruous,      inconsistent, 

discrepant 
Dissuade,   v.  n.     I.   Urge  or  exhort  against,  at- 
tempt to  divert,  urge  not  to. 
2,   Turn  from  a  purpose,  divert  by  persuasion, 

render  averse,  persuade  not  to. 
Dissuasion,  n.   Dehortation,  dissuasive,  dissuasive 

advice. 
Dissuasive,  «.     See  Dissuasion. 
Dissuasive,  a.    Dissuading,  dehortatory,  tending 

to  dissuade. 
Dissyllable,  «.    Word  of  two  syllables. 
Distain,  v.  a.     {Poetical.)     Stain, 
Distance.  ».     I.    Remoteness. 

2.  Degree  of  remoteness  or  removal 

3.  Remote  region,  distant  quarter. 

4.  Interval,  space,  space  intervening. 

5.  Reserve,  coldness,  stiffness,  disunt  behav- 
ior, frigidity. 

Distance,  v.  a.     Outdo,  surpass,  excel,  outstrip, 

leave  behind. 
Distant,  a.     I.   Remote,  far. 

2.  Reserved,  fri^d,  cold,  cool,  stiff,  uncordial. 

3,  Slight,  faint,  indirect,  indistinct,  obscure. 
Distaste,  n.     I.   Disrelish,  disgust. 

2.   Aversion,  dislike,  repugnance,  displeasure, 
dissatisfaction. 
Distasteful,  a.     I.   Nauseous,  nauseating,  unpal- 
atable, unsavory,  loathsome,  disgusting. 

2.   Disagreeable,     offensive,     unpleasant,    un- 
plcasing,  repugnant,  repulsive. 


DISTEMPER 


128 


DIVE 


Distemper^  »•  I.  Disease,  malady,  complaint, 
disorder,  ail,  ailment,  illness,  indisposition, 
sickness. 

2.  Tempera,  size-mixed  color. 

3.  Destemper,  painting  with  size-mixed  pig- 
ments. 

Distempered,  a.  I.  Diseased,  disordered,  out  of 
order. 

2.  Immoderate,  intemperate,  inordinate,  un- 
regulated. 

Distend,  v.  a.  Expand,  dilate,  bloat,  enlarge, 
swell,  stretch,  swell  out. 

Distension,  I  «.    Dilation,  dilatation,  enlargement, 

Distention, )      swelling,  expansion,  stretching. 

Distich,  n.     Couplet,  couple  of  verses. 

Distil,  z*.  ;z.  [Written  also  i^M^i//.]  Drop,  drip, 
trickle,  dribble,  fall  in  drops. 

Distil,  V.  a.  [Written  also  Distill.]  I.  Drop,  let 
fall  in  drops. 

2.  Separate  by  evaporation,  extract  by  heat. 

3.  Extract  spirit  from. 
Distinct,  a.     I.   Separate,  different. 

2.   Definite,    defined,    clear,   plain,   unmistak- 
able, unconfused,  well-defined. 
Distinction,  n.     I.    Discrimination,  notice  of  dif- 
ference, distinguishing, 

2.  Difference,  point  of  difference,  character- 
istic difference. 

3.  Repute,  reputation,  celebrity,  note,  name, 
fame,  renown,  account,  credit,  respectability, 
eminence,  superiority. 

Distinctive,  a.  Distinguishing,  discriminative, 
characteristic 

Distinctness,  «.     I.  Difference,  separateness. 

2,  Clearness,  precision,  perspicuity,  explicit- 
ness,  lucidness,  lucidity. 

Distingnish,  v.  a.  I.  Characterize,  mark,  indi- 
cate by  a  mark,  mark  out. 

2.  Discriminate,  discern,  perceive,  tell,  know. 

3.  Separate,  divide. 

4.  Signalize,  make  famous,  make  celebrated, 
make  known,  bring  into  notice. 

Distingnisll,  v,   n.     Make  distinction,  show  the 

difference. 
Distinguishatle,  a.     I.   Separable,  divisible. 

2.   To  be  distinguished,  to   be  recognized  as 
distinct. 
Distingnished,  a.     I.   Illustrious,  famous,  noted, 
eminent,  celebrated. 

2.   Conspicuous,    marked,    extraordinary,    su- 
preme, transcendent,  consummate. 
Distort,  V.  a.     I.   Twist,  deform,  wrest 

2.    Pervert,  misrepresent,  falsify,  wrest,  strain 
the  sense  of. 
Distortion,  n.     I.   Twist,  wryness,  deformity. 

2.   Perversion,  misrepresentation,  falsification, 
wresting. 
Distract,  v.  a.     I.   Divert,  draw  away,  turn  aside. 

2.  Perplex,  confuse,  discompose,  harass,  dis- 
turb, disconcert,  bewilder,  confound,  mystify, 
embarrass. 

3.  Craze,  derange,  drive  frantic,  drive  beside 
one's  self. 

Distracted,  a.  Deranged,  insane,  mad,  frantic, 
furious,  raving,  wild,  crazed,  beside  one's 
self. 

Distraction,  «.  I.  Confusion,  perj^lexity,  embar- 
rassment, bewilderment,  abstraction,  mystifica- 
tion. 

2,  Disturbance,  discord,  tumult,  disorder, 
division,  perturbation,  commotion,  turmoil,  agi- 
tation. 

3.  Derangement,  madness,  raving,  frenzy,  in- 
sanity, alienation,  aberration,  incoherence,  wan- 
dering, delirium,  mania,  lunacy,  hallucination, 
loss  of  the  senses,  disordered  intellect  or  faculties, 
loss  of  reason. 


Distrain,  v.  a.    {Law.)    Seize  {/or  debt),  take, 

attach,  distress. 
Distress,    «.      I.    Affliction,     calamity,     disaster, 

misery,   misfortune,    adversity,    hardship,    trial, 

trouble,  perplexity. 

2.  Anguish,  agony,  suffering,  sorrow,  grief. 

3.  Pain,  anguish,  agony,  torture,  gripe,  grip- 
ing. 

4.  Privation,  destitution,   poverty,  indigence, 
want,  straits. 

Distiress,  v.  a.    I.  Afflict,  perplex,  pain,  trouble, 
grieve,  make  unhappy,  make  miserable. 
2.   {Law.)    Take,  seize,  distrain. 

Distribute,    v.    a.     I.   Apportion,    assign,    allot, 
dispense,  mete,  divide,  share,  dole  (out),  parcel 
out,  deal  out,  portion  out. 
2.   Classify,  class,  arrange,  assort,  dispose. 

Distribution,  n.  I.  Apportionment,  allotment, 
assignment,  dole,  partition,  division,  dispensation, 
dispensing. 

2.  Arrangement,  classification,   disposal,  dis- 
position, grouping. 

District,  «.  Region,  tract,  territory,  circuit,  prov- 
ince, quarter. 

Distrust,  V.  a.  Doubt,  suspect,  lack  confidence  in, 
mistrust,  disbelieve  in. 

Distrust,  n.  Suspicion,  misgiving,  doubt,  mistrust, 
want  of  confidence. 

Distrustful,  a.   I.   Suspicious,  doubting,  dubious 
{about),  apt  to  distrust. 
2.   [With  of.]    Diffident,  not  confident. 

Disturb,  v.  a.     I.   Agitate,  shake,  stir. 

2.  Disarrange,  derange,  disorder,  confuse,  un- 
settle, throw  into  confusion,  put  into  disorder. 

3.  Molest,  annoy,  disquiet,  vex,  ruffle,  worry, 
plague,  trouble,  incommode. 

4.  Interrupt,  impede,  hinder. 
Disturbance,     «.      I.     Agitation,    derangement, 

commotion,  disorder,  confusion,  perturbation. 

2.  Perturbation,     excitement,    discomposure, 
annoyance,  agitation. 

3.  Interruption,  hindrance,  molestation. 

4.  Tumult,  excitement,  disorder,  riot,  hnevte, 
rising,  uproar. 

Disunion,  n.      I.^  Separation,   disjunction,  sever- 
ance, disconnection. 
2.   Schism,  breach,  rupture,  feud. 

Disunite,  z'.  a.  I,  Disjoin,  dissociate,  separate, 
sever,  dissever,  part,  divide,  detach,  sunder. 

2.    Set  at  variance,  alienate.,  put  discord  be- 
tween, estrange. 

Disunite,  v.  n-  Part,  separate,  fall  asunder,  be 
separated. 

Disuse,  n.  I.  Failure  to  use,  non-employment, 
ceasing  to  use,  abandonment. 

2.   Desuetude,  discontinuance,   neglect,  non- 
observance,  disusage. 

Ditch,  n.    Trench. 

Ditty,  «•     Song,  lay. 

Diurnal,  a.    Dally,  quotidian. 

Diutumal,  <z.  {Rare.)  Lasting,  of  long  duration, 
of  long  continuance. 

Diuturnity,  «•  {Ran.)  Long  duration,  long 
time. 

Divagation,  n.  {Rare.)  Wandering,  rambling, 
roaming,  straying,  deviation,  digression. 

Divan,  «.  I.  Turkish  council  of  state,  council, 
court. 

2.  State-chamber,  audience-chamber,  council- 
chamber,  hall  of  court. 

3.  Soia,  long  seat. 

Divaricate,  v.  «._  Diverge,  part,  fork,  separate 
into  two.  open  wide,  branch  off,  spread  asunder. 

Divarication,  «.  Divergence,  forking,  separation, 
spreading. 

Dive,  V.  n.  I.  Plunge,  make  or  take  a  plunge, 
take  a  header. 


DIVERGE 


129 


DOGGED 


2.  Penetrate,  go  deep,  plunge,  explore,  sound, 
fathom. 
Diverge,  v.  n.     I.   Radiate,  divide,  separate,  go 
asunder,  tend  from  one  point  in  diifEerent  direc- 
tions. 

2.  Divaricate,  separate,  branch  ofiE. 

3.  Differ,  vary,  deviate,  disagree. 
Divergence,  «.     I.   Radiation. 

2.  Divarication,  forking,  separjition. 

3.  Difference,  variation,  variance,  disagree- 
ment, deviation. 

Divergent,  a.    I.   Radiating. 

2.  Divaricating,  separating,  parting. 

3.  Disagreeing,  dissimilar,  differing,  variant, 
diverse. 

Divers,  a.  Various^  several,  sundry,  numerous, 
many,  manifold,  difEerent. 

Diverse,  a.  Different,  differing,  unlike,  varying, 
multiform,  variant,  dissimilar,  disagreeing,  di- 
vergent. 

Diversify,  v.  a,    I.   Vary,  make  different,  give 
variety  to, 
2.  Dapple,  spot,  streak,  stripe,  variegate. 

Diversion,  «.     I.  Turning  aside,  diverting. 

2.  Amusement,  recreation,  pastime,  sport, 
play,  entertainment,  relaxation,  divertisement. 

Diversity*    n.     I.  Difference,   dissimilitude,   dis- 
similarity, unlikeness,  variation,  divergence. 
2.   Variety,  multiformity,  multitude. 

Divert,  v.  a.     I.  Turn  aside,  draw  away. 

2.  Call  off,  distract,  draw  away,  disturb. 

3.  Amuse,  entertain,  recreate,  please,  gratify, 
delight,  exhilarate,  refresh. 

Divest,  V.  a.    I.  Strip,  undress,  unclothe,  disrobe. 

2.  Deprive,  strip,  dispossess. 
Divide,  V.  a.    I.  Sever,  sunder,  part,  separate, 
cleave,  disunite. 

2.  Keep  apart,  put  a  barrier  between. 

3.  Make  hostile,  make  discordant,  set  at  van* 
ance,  disunite,  alienate,  estrange. 

4.  Distribute,  allot,  apportion,  assign,  share, 
mete,  dispense,  dole,  deal  out,  parcel  out,  portion 
out. 

Divide,  V.  ft.  Part,  separate,  cleave,  open,  diverge, 
go  asunder,  divaricate,  fork,  be  divided,  be  sepa- 
rated. 
Dividend,  n.     I.   Number  to  be  divided. 

2.   Share,  division,  profits  divided. 
Divider,  «.     I.  Distributer,  dealer. 

2.   Separator. 
Dividers,  «.  //.    Compasses. 
Divination,    «.     I.    Divining,  foretelling,   sooth- 
saying, augury,  magic,  incantation. 
2.   Presage,  prediction,  prophecy. 
Divine,  a.     I.  Godlike,  superhuman, 

2.  Sacred,  holy,  spiritual,  heavenly,  celestial, 
angelic,  seraphic. 

3.  Pertaining,  belonging  cr  due  to  God, 
coming  from  God. 

4.  Rapturous,  supreme,  transcendent,  exalted, 
exalting. 

Divine,  «.    I.  Minister,  priest,  clergyman,  pastor, 
parson,  ecclesiastic,  churchman. 
2.  Theologian. 
Divine,  v.  a.    I.   Predict,  foretell,  preside,  prog- 
nosticate, vaticinate,  prophesy. 
2.   Conjecture,  surmise,  guess. 
Divine,  v.  n.     I.   Vaticinate,  prophesy,  play  the 
prophet,  utter  presages. 

2.  Conjecture,  guess,  fancy,  surmise,  suspect, 
think,  believe. 
Diviner,  n.   I.  Conjurer,  magician,  sorcerer,  seer, 
soothsayer. 
2.  Conjecturer. 
Divinity,  n.     I.   Deity,  Godhead,  divine  nature, 
divine  essence. 
2.  Theology,  science  of  divine  things. 


3.  Divine  being,  deity,  god  or  goddess. 
Divisible,  a.     Separable. 
Division,  n.     I.   Separation. 

2.  Portion,  section,  class,  head,  category. 

3.  Partition,  demarcation. 

4.  Compartment,  separate  part. 

5.  Apportionment,  allotment,  distribution. 

6.  Difference,  disagreement,  variance,  breach, 
rupture,  disunion,  discord,  feud,  alienation,  es- 
trangement. 

Divorce,  «.     Separation  {of  husband  and  wi/e), 

dissolution  of  the  marriage  bond. 
Divorce,  v.  a.     I.  Dissolve  the  marriage  of,  put 

out  of  wedlock,  put  away. 
2.  Separate,  part,  sever,  disunite. 
Divulge,  V.  a.     Disclose,  communicate,  discover, 

impart,  tell,  make  known,  make  public,  spread 

abroad, 
Dizzy,  a.     I.    Giddy,  vertiginous. 

2.  Thoughtless,  heedless,  careless,  giddy. 
Do,  V.  a.     I.  Perform,  effect,  execute,  accomplish, 

achieve,  bring  about,  work  out,  carry  into  effect. 

2.  Complete,  finish,  conclude,  end,  terminate. 

3.  Transact,  carry  on. 

4.  Practise,  observe,  perform,  carry  into 
practice. 

5.  Produce,  make,  work. 

6.  Confer,  bestow,  grant,  vouchsafe. 

7.  Translate,  render. 

8.  Prepare,  cook. 

9.  Hoax,  cheat,  swindle,  chouse,  cozeti. 
Do,  V.  n.     I.  Act  {well  or  ill),  behave. 

2.  Fare. 

3.  Answer,  answer  the  purpose. 

4.  Be  enough,  be  sufficient. 
Do-all,  n.    Factotum,  general  manager. 
Do  away.    I.   Remove,  take  away. 

2.  Destroy,  overthrow. 
Dob-chick,    «.     Didapper,    dab-chick    {Podicefs 

minor). 
Do  by.    Treat,  behave  toward. 
Docile,  a.    Teachable,    tractable,    easily   taught, 

pliant,  yielding. 
Docility,  «.     Teachableness,  readiness  to  learn, 

tractableness,  pliableness,  pliancy,  gentleness. 
Dock,  V.  a.     I.   Curtail,  clip,  cut  short. 

2.  Shorten,  lessen,  deduct  from. 

3.  Put  into  a  dock  (as  a  vessel). 
Doctor,  n.     I.    Instructor,  teacher. 

2.  Adept,  savant,  learned  man. 

3.  Physician,  medical  practitioner. 
Doctress,  «.     Female  physician. 
Doctrinaire,   «.     [Fr.]    Theorist,   ideologist,  un- 
practical thinker,  preacher  of  abstractions. 

Doctrine,    n.     Dogma,    tenet,    opinion,    precept, 
principle. 

Document,  «.     Paper,  writing  {official). 

Dodge,  V.  n.    I.  Start  aside,  shift  place  suddenly, 
duck. 

2.  {Colloq.)^  ShufHe,  evade,  equivocate, 
quibble,  prevaricate,  use  artifice,  play  fast  and 
loose,  be  evasive. 

Dodge,  V.  a.    Evade  {by  starting'  or  ducking). 

Dodge,  n.     I.   Starting  aside. 

2.  {Colloa.)  Evasion,  artifice,  trick,  subter- 
fuge, quibble,  cavil. 

Dodo,  n.    Dronte, 

Doe,  n.    She-deer,  female  deer  {particularly  of  the 
fallow  deer). 

Doer,  ».    Actor,  oj)erator,  performer,  agent,  exec- 
utor. 

Doff,  V.  a.    Put  off,  lay  aside. 

Dog-da3rs,  n.  pi.     Canicular  days. 

Dogged;    a.    I.   Sullen,    sour,    nnorose,    churlish, 
growling,  surly,  snarling,  snappish. 

2.  Stubborn,  obstinate,  wilful,  mulish,  inflex- 
ible, pertinacious,  unyielding,  headstrong,  intract- 


DOGGISH 


130 


DOREE 


able,  impracticable,  cantankerous,  perversely 
resolute. 

Doggish,  a.  Snarling,  snappish,  growling,  churl- 
ish, surly,  sullen,  sour,  morose,  dogged. 

Dog-grass,  «.    See  Dog's-grass. 

Dogma,  «.  Doctrine,  tenet,  opinion,  principle, 
article  of  faith. 

Dogmatic,     \a.    I.  Authoritative,  formal,  cate- 

Dogmatical,  I     gorical,  settled. 

2.  Positive,  confident,  peremptory. 

3.  Arrogant,  overbeanng,  magisterial,  oracular, 
dictatorial. 

4.  Doctrinal,  setting  forth  doctrines,  expound- 
ing dogma. 

Dogmatism,  n.  I.  Positiveness  of  opinion,  arro- 
gance of  assertion. 

2.  {Met.)  Uncritical  or  naive  thinking,  as- 
sumption of  first  principles,  uncritical  use  of  prin- 
ciples. 

Dogioatist,  n.  Magisterial  teacher,  arrogant  as- 
serter. 

Dogmatize,  v.  «.  Assert  positively,  speak  with  an 
air  of  authority,  express  one's  self  arrogantly. 

Dog's-grass,  «.  Knot-grass,  quick-grass,  couch- 
grass,  wheat-grass,  dog-wheat,  dog-grass,  witch- 
grass,  quitch-grass,  quickens  {Triticum  repens). 

Dog-star,  «.     Sirius,  Canicula. 

Doings,  «.  pi.    Deeds,  actions,  acts,  transactions. 

Dole,  «.  I.  Apportionment,  allotment,  distribution. 

2.  Part,  share,  portion. 

3.  Gift,  gratuity,  donation,  pittance,  alms. 

4.  Grief,  sorrow,  distress,  woe,  affliction. 
Doleful,  a.     I.    Sorrowful,  rueful,  woful,  piteous, 

melancholy,  lugubrious,  sad. 

2.  Dismal,  gloomy,  cheerless,  dark,  dolorous, 
dolesome. 

Dole  out.  Distribute,  divide,  apportion,  allot, 
assign,  share,  deal,  deal  out. 

Dolesome,  a.  Dismal,  gloomy,  cheerless,  dark, 
dolorous.    See  Doleful. 

Do-little,  n.  [U.  S.]  Idler,  sluggard,  drone, 
laggard,  lounger,  trifler,  dawdler,  doodle,  do- 
nought  (donnat,  donnot,  Scotch),  do-nothing, 
good-for-nothing,  inefficient  person. 


Doll,  «.     Puppet  (for  a  child),  baby 
Dolorous,  <i.    I.  Di      '     ' 

dolesome. 


)ismal,  gloomy,  cheerless,  dark, 


2.  Sorrowful,  sad,  piteous,  rueful,  woful,  lugu- 
brious, mournful,  doleful,  dolesome. 

Dolt,  «.     Simpleton,  fool.     See  Duncb. 

Doltish,  a.  Stupid,  stolid,  dull,  foolish,  block- 
ish, simple,  witless,  thick-skulled,  beetle-headed, 
beef-brained,  beef-witted,  thick-headed,  heavy- 
headed. 

Domain,  «.    I.   Sway,  authority,  dominion. 

2.  Dominion,  empire,  territory,  realm. 

3.  Estate,  lands,  landed  estate. 

4.  Province,  department,  region,  realm, 
branch. 

Dome,  n.  I.  Cupola,  tholus,  spherical  vaulted 
roof. 

2.  (Poetical.)    Building,  fabric,  house. 

3.  {Rare.)    Cathedral,  minster,  dom. 
Domestic,  a.    I.   Home,  family,  household,  per- 
taining to  home  or  the  family. 

2.  Fond  of  home,  retiring,  retired. 

3.  Intestine,  internal,  home  (in  opposition  to 
foreign). 

4.  Tame,  domesticated,  not  wild. 
Domestic,  n.  Servant,  house-servant. 
Domesticate,  v.  a.     I.  Make  domestic,  accustom 

to  keep  at  home. 

2.  [.A  nimals.]    Tame,  attach  to  the  house. 

3.  [Plants.']  Accustom  to  the  garden,  reduce 
to  cultivation,  cultivate. 

4.  Familiarize,  naturalize,  adopt,  make  at 
home,  assimilate. 


Domestics,  «. //.     [U.S."]    Cotton  goods. 

Domicile,  n.  Habitation,  dwelling,  residence, 
abode,  home,  mansion,  place  of  abode,  place  of 
residence. 

Domicile,       \v.  a.    Establish  in   a   fixed   resi- 

Domiciliate,  I     dence. 

Dominant,  a.  Prevailing,  ruling,  predominant, 
predominating,  ascendant,  in  the  ascendant. 

Dominate,  v.  a.  I.  Rule,  sway,  control,  reign 
over,  keep  in  subjection,  keep  down. 

2.  Overlook,  overtop,  surmount,  command 
{visually  or  defensively). 

Dominate,  v.  n.  ^  {Rare. )  Prevail,  predominate, 
have  sway,  be  in  the  ascendant. 

Domination,  n.  Sway,  ascendancy,  rule,  dominion, 
supremacy,  command,  government,  mastery. 

Domineer,  v.  n.  I.  [With  over.]  Tyrannize,  rule 
with  insolence,  rule  tyrannously,  lord  it,  play  the 
autocrat  or  dictator,  exercise  oppression. 

2.  [Used  absolutely.]  Hector,  bully,  bluster, 
swagger,  swell,  vapor,  play  the  bully,  lay  down 
the  law,  ride  a  high  horse,  carry  it  with  a  high 
hand. 

Dominican,  n.  Predicant,  jacobin,  black  friar; 
preaching  {-nzSy  frire  pricheur. 

Dominie,  «.  {^Scotch.]  Pedagogue,  schoolmaster, 
teacher,  instructor. 

Dominion,  «.     I.   Sway,  command,  rule,  govern- 
ment, supremacy,  domination,  mastery,  ascend- 
ancy, control,  sovereignty,   sovereign  authorilyj 
domain. 
2.  Territory,  region,  country,  realm. 

Don,  V.  a.     Put  on,  slip  on,  dress  in. 

Donation,  n.  Gift,  grant,  largess,  gratuity,  bene- 
faction, boon,  present,  offering,  contribution, 
subscription,  donative,  dole. 

Donative, «.    Gift.    See  Donation. 

Donator,  «.  [L.J  {Law.)  Donor,  giver,  be- 
stower. 

Done,  p.  I.  Performed,  executed,  accomplished, 
achieved,  effected. 

2.  Completed,  finished,  concluded,  ended, 
terminated. 

3.  Transacted,  carried  on. 

4.  Bestowed,  conferred,  vouchsafed,  granted. 

5.  Translated,  rendered.    See  Do. 
Done,  interj.    Agreed,  I  agree,  I  accept,  good. 
Done  for.     {Collog.)     Spoiled,  ruined,  wound  up, 

shelved,  hars  de  combat,  dished,  damned. 
Donkey,  «.    I.  Ass,  mule. 

2.  Simpleton,  fool.    See  Dunce. 
Donor,  «.     Giver,  bestower ;  {law)  donator. 
Doodle,  «.     I.   Trifler,  idler.    See  Do-littlb. 

2.   Simpleton,  simple  fellow. 
Doodle-sack,  «.     Scotch  bagpipe. 
Doom,  V.  a.      X.  Condemn,  sentence,  pronounce 
sentence  on. 
2.   Destine,  appoint,  decree. 
Doom,  ».     I.   Sentence,  judgment,  condemnation, 
judicial  decree. 

2.    Fate,  destiny,  lot,  ill  fate,  ruin. 
Doomsday,  «.    Day  of  judgment,    the  crack  of 

doom. 
Do  one's  t>e8t.    Do  all  one  can,  do  the  best  one  is 

capable  of,  leave  no  stone  unturned. 
Door,  n.     I.    Entrance. 

2.  Passage,  avenue,  way,  means,  means  of 
access,  means  of  approach. 

3.  [Familiarly^]    House,  home. 
Doorkeeper,  «.     Porter,  concierge. 

Dor,  n.  [Written  also  Dorr.]  I.  Cockchafer, 
dor-bug,  tree-beetle,  dumbledor,  dummador, 
May-bug  {Melolontha  vulgaris). 

2.    Black-beetle,   dor-beetle,   dor-fly,  buzzard- 
clock  {Geotrupes  siercorarius). 
Doree,  «.    {Ich.)    John-dory,  common  dory  {Zeus 
faber). 


DORMANT 


131 


DOXY 


Dormant,  a.     I.   Sleeping,  quiescent,  at  rest. 

2.   Latent,    unexerted,    suspended,    inert,  in- 
active, in  abeyance. 

Dormant     partner.     Sleeping    partner,     silent 
partner. 

Dormer,  n.    [Written  also  Dormar.^     Luthem, 
dormer-window. 

Dormer-window,  «.    Dormer,  luthem. 

Dormitory,  «.     I.   Chamber,  bedroom,  sleeping 
room,  place  to  sleep  in. 
2.   Building  containing  sleeping  apartments. 

Dorsal,  a.     On  the  back. 

Dory,  «.    {Ich.)    See  Doreh. 

Dose,  ft.  I.  Prescribed  portion  (of  medicine), 
drench,  draught. 

2.  Disagreeable  lot  or  fete  or  portion,  bitter 
pill. 

3.  Sufficient  quantity,  quantity,  portion, 
quantum. 

Doise,  V.  a.    Administer  a  dose  to,  give  doses  to. 

Dot,  n.     Point,  period. 

Dot,  V.  a.     I.   Mark  with  dots. 
2.  Variegate,  diversify. 

Dotage,  n.    Imbecility,  senility,  second  childhood. 

Dotard,  n.    Driveller,  imbecile,  doting  old  man. 

Dote,  V.  n,     I.   Drivel,  be  imbecile,  be  foolish,  be 
in  one's  dotage  or  second  childhood. 
2.   Be  over-fond,  be  foolishly  fond. 

Dote  on  or  upon.  Love  very  fondly,  love  exces- 
sively, be  foolishly  fond  of. 

Do  the  honors.  Bestow  honor  (as  on  a  guest), 
show  civilities. 

Double,  a.    I.  Coupled,  b  pairs. 

2.  Twice  as  much. 

3.  Twofold. 

4.  Deceitful,  dishonest,  knavish,  false,  perfid- 
ious, hollow,  insincere,  double-minded,  double- 
faced,  double-tongued,  full  of  duplicity. 

Double,  ad.    Twice,  doubly,  twofold. 
Double,  V.  a.     I.    Fold,  plait. 

2.  Duplicate,  multiply  by  two,  make  twice  as 
much. 

3.  (Naut.)    Sail  round. 

Double,  V.  n.     I.   Increase  twofold,  be  doubled. 

2.   Return  upon  the  same  track. 
Double,  n.    I.   Twice  as  much. 

2.  Doubling,  plait,  fold. 

3.  Returning  upon  one's  track  [to  elude 
pursuit). 

4.  Trick,  stratagem,  ruse,  shift,  artifice,  wile, 
manoeuvre. 

5.  Counterpart. 

Double-dealer,  «.  Deceiver,  cheat,  trickster, 
tricker. 

Double-dealin?,  n.  Deceit,  duplicity,  dissimula- 
tion, artifice,  deception,  fraud,  dishonesty,  trick- 
ery, Machiavelism. 

Double-entendre,  «.    [English  coinage  for  French 
double   entente.]     I.     Pun,    iquivoque,     quirk, 
quibble,  calembour,  play  upon  words,  parono- 
masia. 
2.   Indelicate  pun,  smutty  tquivoque. 

Double-faced,  a.  Hypocritical,  deceitful,  knav- 
ish, dishonest,  false,  perfidious,  double. 

Double-headed,  a.     Bicipital,  with  two  heads. 

Double-hearted,  a.  Deceitful,  treacherous,  false- 
hearted, perfidious,  false. 

Double-minded,  a.  Unsettled,  undetermined,  un- 
decided, changeable,  fickle,  vacillating,  wavering. 

Doublet,  n.     I.    Body-garment,  jacket,  jerkin. 
2.  One  of  a  pair. 

Doublets,  «.  pi.     Pair,  couple,  two,  twins. 

Double  upon.    {Mil.)    Enclose  between  two  fires. 

Doublin?,  «.     I.    Fold,  plait. 

2.  Artifice,  trick,  shift,  stratagem. 

Doubly,  ad.     Twice,  double. 

Doubt,  V.  n.    I.  Hesitate,  waver,  be  doubtful,  be 


in  suspense,    withhold  judgment,    be   undeter- 
mined, entertain  doubts,  be  in  a  state  of  uncer- 
tainty, not  know  what  to  think. 
2.  {Rare.)    Suspect,  fancv,  apprehend. 
Doubt,   V.   a.     I.   Question,  hesitate  to  believe, 
consider  questionable,  have  doubts  about. 
2.   Distrust,  suspect,  not  confide  in. 
Doubt,   «.      I.    Indecision,   hesitation,  hesitancy, 
irresolution,    uncertainty,    suspense,     misgiving. 
2.   Suspicion,  distrust,  mistrust. 
Doubtful,  a.    I.^  Wavering,  undecided,  hesitating, 
undetermined,  in  suspense. 

2.  Ambiguous,  dubious,    equivocal,   obscure, 
enigmatical!   problematicah 

3.  Indeterminate,  undecided,  uncertain,  ques- 
tionable. 

Douceur,  n.  [Fr.]  I.  Gentleness,  mildness, 
kindness,  pleasant  manner. 

2.    Present  or  gift  {especially  one  intended  as 
a  bribe),  bribe,   lure. 

Doughface,  n.  iU'S.'\  Pliable  politician,  nose 
of  wax, 

Doughfaced,  a.  \U.  S.\  Pliable,  weak,  pusil- 
lanimous,  easily  influenced,  without  any  back- 
bone. 

Doughty,  a.  [Now  usually  ironical."]  Brave, 
courageous,  bold,  feariess,  dauntless,  valiant, 
valorous,  gallant,  intrepid,  adventurous,  chival- 
rous, heroic 

Doura,  n.     I.   {Bot.)     Heart-wood,  duramen. 

2.  Indian  millet,  Guinea  corn,  negro-corn, 
durra,  dhurra  or  dora  (Sorghum  vulgare). 

Douse,  V.  a.  I.  Plunge,  immerse,  submerge,  dip, 
souse,  put  under  water  (or  other  liquid). 

2.  {Naut.)  Strike  or  lower  quickly  or  in 
haste,  slacken  suddenly. 

Dove-cot,  «.  [Written  also  Dove-cote.]  Colum- 
bary,  pigeon- house. 

Dowdy,  a.  [Said  of  women.]  Slovenly  {in 
dress),  slatternly,  lU-dressed,  vulgar-looking, 
awkward. 

Dowdy,  «.  Slattern,  trollop,  ill-dressed  or  vulgar- 
looking  woman. 

Dowel,  n.    Pin,  tenon,  peg,  pinion. 

Dower,  n.    I.   Endowment,  gift. 

2.  Dowry. 

3.  {Law.)    V/idow's  portion  (of  real  estate). 
Do  without.     Dispense  with. 

Down,  prep.     I.    From  the  top  to  the  bottom  of. 

2.   Along  the  course  of. 
Down,  ad.^    I,  Downward,  in  a  descending  course, 
from  a  high  to  a  low  position. 

2.  On  the  ground,  the  floor,  etc.,  prostrate. 

3.  From  a  thin  to  a  dense  state,  into  a  denser 
consistence. 

4.  Below  the  horizon. 

5.  Into  disrepute,  into  disgrace,  into  disfevor 
or  disuse. 

6.  Low,  humbled,  in  distress,  in  adversity. 
Downcast,  a.     Sad,  dejected,  dispirited,  disheart- 
ened, despondent,  discouraged,  depressed,  cast 
down,  down-hearted,  crestfallen,  chapfallen. 

Downfall,  «.    Ruin,  destruction,  fall. 

Down-hearted,  a.     Dejected-     See  Downcast. 

Downright,  a.  I.  Plain,  simple,  sheer,  explicit, 
clear,  undisguised,  unequivocal,  positive,  abso- 
lute, categorical. 

2.  Honest,  sincere,  artless,  ingenuous,  frank, 
open,  above-board,  direct,  straightforward,  un- 
ceremonious, blunt. 

Downwards,  }  '^^    ^^o^' »"  a  descending  course. 
Down  with.     [Imperatively.]      I.   Raze,   over- 
turn, take  down,  throw  down. 
2.  Put  down,  lay  down. 
Dowry,  «.     Dower. 
D02y,  n.     I.   Mistress,  paramour. 


DOZE 


132 


DREDGE-BOX 


2.  Prostitute,  strumpet,  harlot,  whore,  drab, 
street-walker,  Cyprian,  night-walker,  punk, 
woman  of  the  town.     See  Courtesan. 

Doze,  V.  n.  Slumber,  drowse,  nap,  sleep  lightly, 
be  half  asleep,  be  drowsy. 

Doze,  n.     Light  sleep,  drowse,  nap,  light  slumber. 

Doze  away.  Pass  drowsily,  spend  in  drowsiness, 
sleep  through,  doze  out. 

Dozen,  a.     Twelve. 

Doze  out.    See  Doze  away. 

Dozy,  a.    Sleepy,  drowsy,  heavyj  sluggish. 

Drab,  n.  I.  Strumpet,  prostitute,  trull.  See 
Courtesan. 

2.  Slut,  draggle-tail,  trollop,  slattern,  dowdy, 
slovenly  woman. 

3.  Brownish-yellow  cloth,  dull-brown  woollen 
stuff,  dun-colored  cloth. 

4.  Dun,  dull  brown,  brownish-yellow,  dun- 
color. 

Dral),  a.     Dun,  dull  brown,  brownish-yellow. 

Drabble,  v.  a.  \_Archaic  and  f^rovincial.\  Drag- 
gle, trail,  daggle,  befoul,  bemire. 

Dx^ff,  n.  Refuse,  lees,  dregs,  sediment,  scum, 
rubbish,  stuff,  waste  or  worthless  matter. 

Draft,  n.     I.  Drawing,  selection. 

2.  Bill  of  exchange. 

3.  [Written  also  Draught.^  Outline,  delinea- 
tion, rough  sketch,  rough  copy. 

Draft,  V.  a.    I.  Detach,  select. 

2.   Make  an  outline  of,  make  a  draft  of,  make 

a  rough  sketch  of. 
Drag,  V.  a.    Draw,  pull,  haul,   tug,  draw  heavily 

and  slowly. 
Drag,  V.  n.     I.  Trail,  be  drawn  along. 

2.   Linger,  move  slowly,  make  slow  progress. 
Draggle,  v.  a.      Trail,    daggle,   befoul,  bemire, 

drabble. 
Draggle-tail,  «.      Slut,    drab,    sloven,  slattern, 

dowdy,  slovenly  woman. 
Dragoman,  «.      Interpreter  (m  Turkey  and  the 

East)^  drogman. 
Dragoon,  n.    Horse-soldier,   cavalier,  equestrian, 

mounted  soldier,  chasseur. 
Dragoon,  v.  a.      Compel,  force,  drive,  persecute, 

harass,  harry. 
Drain,  v.  a.    I.  Draw  off. 

2.  Empty,  exhaust. 

3.  Make  dry,  clear  of  water  or  moisture. 
Drain,  v.  «.    i.  Flow  off. 

2.   Become  dry. 

Drain,  «.  Sewer,  channel,  trench,  ditch,  water- 
course. 

Drake,  «.    Male  duck. 

Drama,  n.  I.  Dramatic  composition,  play,  theat- 
rical piece,  spectacle. 

2.  Dramatic  literature. 

3.  Historic  or  cosmical  pageant  {series  of 
events  invested  with  dramatic  unity). 

4.  The  stage,  dramatic  representation,  his- 
trionic art. 

Dramatis  personae.  [L.]  Characters  (of  the 
play),  interlocutors  (in  the  drama),  personages  of 
the  drama. 

Drape,  v.  a.    Cover  with  drapery. 

Drapery,  n.     I.   Hangings,  tapestry. 

2.  Clothing,  hanging  garments  {especially  in 
statuary  and  painting). 

Drastic,  a.     Powerful,  active,  efficacious. 

Drastics,  «.  pi.  {Med.)  Powerful  or  active  pur- 
gatives. 

Draught,  «.     I.   Drawing,  pulling. 

2.  Potion,  drink,  cup,  dose,  drench. 

3.  Current  of  air. 

4.  [Written  also  Draft.^  Sketch,  outline, 
delineation,  design,  rough  sketch,  rough  copy. 

5.  Water  drawn,  floating  depth  {of  a  vessel). 
Draughts,  n.pl.    Checkers. 


Draw,  V,  a.    I.   Pull,  drag,  haul,  tug,  pull  along. 

2.  Attract,  bring  toward,  pull  toward. 

3.  Suck,  drain,  suck  dry. 

4.  Inhale,  inspire,  breathe  in,  take  into  the 
lungs. 

5.  Extract,  take  out,  draw  out. 

6.  Induce,  move,  lead,  allure,  entice,  engage, 
persuade,  influence. 

7.  Produce,  bring,  bear. 

8.  Extend,  protract,  stretch,  lengthen  out. 

9.  Delineate,  sketch,  depict,  trace,  trace  out, 
describe  {as  a  line). 

10.  Deduce,  derive,  infer. 

11.  Extort,  force  out. 

12.  Compose,  write,  prepare,  draw  up. 

13.  Gain,  win. 

Draw,  V.  n.    I.  Pull. 

2.  Move,  come,  go,  proceed. 

3.  Sketch,   practise   drawing  or    the   art    of 
delineation. 

4.  Produce  inflammation,  vesicate,  blister. 

5.  Request  payment  by  draft,  make  a  draft. 
Draw  back.     Retire,  withdraw,  retreat. 
Drawback;  ».    I.   Disadvantage,  detriment,  fault, 

imperfection,  deficiency,  defect. 

2.  Discount,  deduction,  reduction,  rebate, 
abatement,  allowance. 

Drawcansir,  n.    Blusterer,  bully,  swaggerer,  brag- 
gart, braggadocio,  Bombastes  Furioso. 

Drawing,  «.     I.   Pulling,  attracting,  draining,  in- 
haling, etc.    See  Draw. 

2.  Art  of  delineation, 

3.  Delineation,  sketch,  picture,  plan,  outline, 
draught. 

Drawing-knife, «.    Shave. 

Draw  in  one's  horns.    {Collog.)    Repress  one's 

ardor,  restrain  one's  pride,  cease  boasting,  pull 

in  one's  horns. 

Draw  near.  \  a„„,^,^i,  ^^„„  „»„ 
Draw  nigh.  J  Approach,  come  near. 

Draw  on.  Approach,  advance. 
Draw  up.    I.   Raise,  lift,  elevate,  pull  up,  haul 
up. 

2.  Compose,  write,  prepare,  frame,  draw. 

3.  Array,  marshal,  form  in  order,  set  in  line, 
set  in  order  of  battle. 

4.  Come  to  a  halt  or  stop,  halt,  stop. 
Dread,  ».     I.   Fear,  apprehension,  terror. 

2.  Awe,  veneration. 
Dread,    a.        I.     Frightful,     terrible,     horrible, 
dreadful. 
2.  Venerable,  awful. 
Dread,  v.  a.     Fear  greatly. 

Dreadful,  a.     I.   Terrible,  horrible,  horrid,  dire- 
ful,   dire,  fearful,   frightful,   terrific,  awful,   tre- 
mendous, formidable. 
2.   Venerable,  awful. 
Dream,  «.     I.   Sleeping  vision. 

2.   Revery,   fancy,  fantasy,    conceit,  illusion, 
delusion,   vagary,  idle  fancy,  day-dream,  castle 
in  the  air,  chateau  en  Espagne. 
Dream,  v.  n.     I.   Have  visions  in  sleep. 

2.  Think,  imagine,  fancy,  have  a  notion. 

3.  Give  a  loose  rein  to  the  fancy,_  give  the 
reins  to  the  imagination,  indulge  in  revery, 
build  castles  in  the  air. 

Dream  away.     Spend  idly,  pass  in  revery. 
Dreamer,  «.    Visionary,  enthusiast,  castle-builder. 
Dreamland,  «•     Fairyland,  land  of  dreams,  realms 

of  fairy,  realm  of  fancy  and  imagination,  region 

of  revery,  cloudland. 
Drear,  a.    Gloomy.     See  Dreary,  i. 
Dreary,   a.       I.   Gloomy,    dismal,    dark,    drear, 

lonely,  solitary,  lonesome,  cheerless,  comfortless, 

chilling,  depressing. 
2.   Monotonous,  dull,  tiresome,  uninteresting, 
Dredge-bOZ,  «.     Dredging-box,  flour-dredge. 


DREGGY 


133 


DROOP 


Dreggy,  a.     Muddy,  turpid,  dirty,  feculent,  foul. 
Dregs,  n.  pi.     I.  Sedimeut,  lees,  grouuds,  dra£[^ 

feculence. 
2.   Dross,  scum,  refuse,  draflF. 
Drenchf  v,  a.     I.   Saturate,  soak,  steep,  imbrue, 

wet  thoroughly,  wet  through,  wet  through  and 

through. 
2.  Physic,  purge.^ 
DrencMng,  n.     Soaking,  wetting,  ducking. 
Dress,  v.  a.     I,   Align,  make  straight. 

2.  Adjust,  arrange,  dispose,  set  or  put  in 
order. 

3.  Prepare,  fit,  make  suitable  or  fit,  get  ready, 
make  ready.  * 

4.  Clothe,  array,  attire,  apparel,  accoutre, 
robe,  rig,  trick  out. 

5.  Adorn,  deck,  decorate,  embellish,  trim, 
set  out,  set  otf. 

Dress,  v.  n.    Get  or  put  on  one's  clothes,  make 

one's  toilet,  attire  one's  self. 
Dress,  n,    I.   Clothes,  clothing,  raiment,  garments, 

garb,  guise,  habit,  apparel,  attire,   habiliment, 

vesture,  suit,  costume. 

2.  Array,  fine  clothes,  rich  garments,  elegant 
attire. 

3.  (Lady's)  gown. 

Dress-coat,  «.     Body-coat,  swallow-tailed  coat 
Dressing,  «.     I.    Preparing,  putting  in  order. 

2.  Manure,  fertilizer,  compost 

3.  Force-meat,  stuffing. 

Dressy,  a.    iCoUog.)    Showy,  flashy,  gaudy,  fond 

of  dress. 
Drit),  V.  a.    I.  Crop,  lop,  cut  oS,  lop  off  {liU!e  by 

lUtle). 

2.  Purloin,  appropriate  in  driblets,  cabbage, 
crib. 

3.  Entice,  allure,  decoy,  coax,  wheedle. 
Dribble,  v.  n.     Drip,  trickle,  fall  in  drops. 
Driblet,  n.    Fragment,  small  portion. 
Drier,  n,    Desiccative. 

Drift,  n.     I.  Course,  bearing,  direction. 

2.  Aim,  purpose,  intention,  intent,  proposal, 
design,  scope,  tendency,  object,  mark.  ^ 

3.  (Geol.)    Diluvium,  diluvial  formations. 

4.  (Mining:)  Passage  {under  ground^  be- 
tween sfki/ts). 

5.  Sweep,  rush,  current,  sweeping  pressure, 
driving  impulse. 

6.  Heap,  heaped  pile,  driven  mass,  drifted 
pile. 

Drift,  V.  a.    Drive  into  heaps. 

Drift,  V.  n.    I.   Float,  be  wafted,  be  borne  or 

carried  by  the  current  or  aimlessly. 
2.   Accumulate  in  heaps,  be  driven  into  heaps. 
Driftless,  a.     Aimless,  purposeless,   without  an 

object. 
Drill,  n.     I.   Borer,  boring-tool. 

2.  Military  training,  exercise  in  tactics. 

3.  Training,  discipline. 

4.  Furrow,  channel,  trench  {/or  planting). 

5.  Planting-machine. 

Drill,  V.  a.     I.   Pierce,  perforate,  bore. 

2.  Exercise  in  tactics,  train  in  martial  ex- 
ercises. 

3.  Instruct,  exercise,  teach,  train. 

Drink,  v.  n.    I.  Take  a  drink,  quench  one's  thirst. 

2.  Tipple,  tope,  be  a  drunkard,  be  a  toper,  be 
intemperate  (in  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors),  be 
of  intemperate  habits,  take  a  drop  too  much. 

3.  Carouse,  revel,  indulge  in  a  drinking-bout. 
Drink,  v.  a.     I.    Swallow,  quaif. 

2.   Imbibe,  absorb,  swallow  up,  suck  in. 
Drink,  n.    Beverage,  potion. 
Drinkable,  a.     Potable,  that  may  be  drunk,  fit  to 

drink,  suitable  for  drinking. 
Drinking,    n.      Tippling,     topbg,     intemperate 

habits. 


Drinking-bout,  n.  Carouse,  carousal,  revel, 
revelry,  jollification,  bacchanals,  saturnalia,  de- 
bauch, compotation,  wassail,  orgies,  spree 
(colloq.). 

Drink  to.  Pledge,  toast,  drink  in  honor  of,  drink 
the  health  of. 

Drip,  V.  n.     I.   Trickle,  fall  in  drops,  dribble. 
2.   Have  drops  falling  from. 

Drip,  V.  a.     Let  fall  in  drops. 

Drive,  v.  a.    I.    Impel. 

2.  Hurl,  send,  propel. 

3.  Force,  coerce,  compel,  oblige. 

4.  Press,  urge. 

5.  Prosecute,  carry  on. 

6.  Guide  (by  reins). 

7.  Take  in  a  carriage,  carry  on  a  drive. 
Drive,  v.   n.     I.   Be  forced  along,  be  impelled, 

move  helplessly,  drift,  scud. 

2.  Rush,  press  with  violence,  go  furiously. 

3.  Go  driving,  take  a  drive,  go  by  carriage. 

4.  Aim,  intend. 
Drive,  n.     I.   Airing,  ride. 

2.   Carriage-road,  driving-course. 

Drive  at.  Intend,  purpose,  aim  at,  tend  to,  be 
after,  endeavor  after. 

Drive  away.  Expel,  disperse,  scatter,  dispel, 
drive  off. 

Drive  back.    Repel,  repulse. 

Drivel,  V.  n.     I.   Slaver,  slobber,  drool. 
2.   Dote,  be  imbecile,  be  foolish. 

Drivel,  «.     I.    Slaver,  drivelling. 

2.  Nonsense,  balderdash,  stuff,  foolish  talk, 
nonsense,  twaddle,  twattle,  imbecile  prating. 
See  Prate. 

DriveUer,  «.  [Written  also  Driveler.^  I.  Slav- 
erer, drooler. 

2.  Dotard,  idiot  simpleton,  fool,  imbecile, 
twattler,  senseless  gabbler. 

Drivelling,  «.       [written  also  Driveling.\      I. 
Slaver. 
2.   Foolishness,  folly,  idiocy. 

Drive  off.     Expel,  drive  away. 

Drive  out.  Expel,  reject  eject,  cast  out,  turn 
out 

Drizzle*  v,  n.  Rain  (in  small  drops), 
mizzle. 

Droll,  M.    I.  Jester  (by  profession),  buffoon,  harle- 
quin,  mountebank,   punch,   punchinello,   clown, 
zany,    scaramouch,    fool,    jack-pudding,    merry- 
andrew,  pickle-herring. 
2.   Farce,  comic  show. 

Droll,  a.  I.  Comic,  comical,  funny,  ludicrous, 
farcical,  laughable,  ridiculous. 

2.  Odd,  queer,  facetious,  waggish,  amusing, 
diverting. 

Droll,  V.  H.     Jest,  act  the  buffoon,  play  the  droll. 

Drollery,  «.  Pleasantry,  fun,  facetiousness,  wag- 
gishness,  waggery,  buffoonery,  comicality. 

Drone,  n.     I.   Male  honey-bee. 

2.  Idler,  sluggard,  lounger,  idle  fellow,  lazy 
fellow,  do-nothing,  good-for-nothing. 

3.  Humming,  humming  noise. 

4.  Droning-pipe  (in  bagpipe),  drone-pipe. 
Drone,  v.  n.       I.   Lounge,   dawdle,    idle,    waste 

time  in  trifles,  live  in  idleness. 
2.    Make  a  dull  humming  sound,  hum. 
Drone,  v.  a.     Read  monotonously. 
Dronlsh,  a.     Idle,   lazy,  indolent,  sluggish,   slow, 

inactive,  drony. 

Dronte,  «.    Dodo. 

Drool,  V.  n.     [U.   S.  and  parts  of  England,\ 

Slaver,  drivel,  drop  saliva. 
Droop,  V.  a.    Let  droop,  let  sink  or  fall,  let  bend 

down. 
Droop,  v.n.    I.   Sink  or  hang  down,  drop,  bend 

downward. 
2.  WiU,  wither,  fade. 


DROP 


134 


DULL 


3.  Languish,  weaken,  faint,  sink,  fail,  decline, 
grow  weak,  be  dispirited. 
mop,n.    I.   Globule. 

2.  Ear-ring,  pendant. 

3.  Small  quantity,  very  little,  least  bit. 
Drop,  V.  a.     I.  Distil,  send  down  or  let  fall  in 

drops. 

2.  Lower,  sink,  depress,  let  down,  let  fall,  let 
go. 

3.  Leave,    quit,  forsake,    desert,    relinquish, 
,    abandon,  forswear,  give  up,  give  over,   omit. 

4.  Discontinue,  intermit,  remit,  cease,  desist 
from,  break  off,  leave  off,  lay  aside. 

5.  Bedrop,  spot,  speckle,  variegate. 

6.  Utter  (casuaUy),  let  fall,  insert  or  state  in 
passing,  write  or  send  informally. 

DroPt  ^'  n.     I.   Distil,  fall  in  drops,  drip. 

2.  Fall  suddenly. 

3.  Cease,  come  to  an  end,  come  to  nothing. 
Drop  astern.    {Naut.)    Move  back. 

Drop  down.    (Naut.)    Move  toward  the  sea. 
Drop  in.    Call,  happen  in. 
Drop  serene.    Amaurosis,  gutta  serena. 
Dross,  n.     I.  Scum,  recrement,  scoria. 

2.  Refuse,  waste  matter. 
Drought,    n.      Dryness   (of    weather),     aridity, 

drouth,  want  of  rain. 
Drouth,  «.     See  Drought. 
Drove,  «.     I.   Herd,  flock. 

2.  Crowd,    collection,     herd   [of  people    in 

motion). 
Drown,  v.  a.     I,   Suffocate  in  water. 

2.  Overflow,  inundate,  deluge,  overwhelm, 
flood. 

3.  Overcome,  overpower. 
Drown,  v.  n.     Be  drowned. 

Drowse,  v.  n.    Slumber,  doze,  nap,  be  half  asleep. 
Drowsy,  a.     I.    Sleepy,  dozy. 

2.  Lethargic,  comatose,  stupid. 

3.  Soporific,  lulling. 

Dmi),  V.  a.      Beat,  thrash,    cudgel,    cane,  flog, 
pound,  thump,  etc.     See  Beat. 

Drnhbing,  «.     Beating,  flogging,  thrashing,  cud- 
gelling, caning,  pounding,  flagellation. 

Dntdge,  v.  «.    Slave,  toil,  plod,  work  hard,  do 
heavy  menial  service. 

Drudge,   «.      Slave,  menial,  scullion,  hack,  fag, 
hard-worker,  toiler. 

Drudgery,  «.     Hard  or  toilsome  work,  ignoble 
toil,  mean  labor. 

Drug,  n.     I.   Medicine,  physic,  remedy. 
2.   Unsalable  article. 

Drug,  V.  a.     I.   Mix  with  drugs,  put  drugs  into. 

2.  Deaden  with  narcotics  or  anxsthetics, 
deaden,  dull. 

3.  Dose  to  excess,  stuff  with  drugs. 

4.  Surfeit,  disgust. 
Drum,  «.    (A  nat. )    Tympanum. 

Drunk,  a.      I.   Intoxicated,  inebriated,  drunken, 
in  liquor. 
2.   Soaked,  saturated,  drenched. 

Drunkard,  «.     Toper,  tippler,  sot,  carouser,  revel- 
ler, bacchanal,  bacchanalian. 

Drunken,  a.     I.    Intoxicated,  drunk,  inebriated. 

2.  Sottish,  given  to  intoxication  or  drink. 

3.  Drenched,  saturated,  soaked. 
Drunkenness,    ».       I.    Intoxication,     inebriety, 

ebriety. 
2.   Sottishness. 
Drupe,  n.     Stone-fruit. 
Dzy,  a.     I.   Free  from  moisture,  dried. 

2.  Arid,  parched. 

3.  Thirsty,  craving  drink. 

4.  Uninteresting,  barren,  dull,  jejune,  meagre, 
tame,  vapid,  dreary,  tiresome,  tedious,  unembel- 
lished,  plain. 

5.  Sarcastic,  severe,  sly,  keeq,  sharp. 


Dry,  V.  a.  Desiccate,  exsiccate,  free  from  mois- 
ture, make  dry. 

Dry,  V.  n.     Become  dry,  lose  moisture. 

Diyad,  «.     Wood-nymph. 

Dry  goods.  Textile  fabrics  {as  distinguished 
from  groceries). 

Wy-rot,  n.     Sap-rot,  powder-post. 

Dualism,  n.  I.  Parseeism,  Zoroastrianism,  Maz- 
deism,  Manicheism,  doctrine  of  two  supreme 
principles  {good  and  evif). 

2.   (Met.)     Natural  realism,   doctrine  of    two 
primal  realities  {mind  and  matter). 

Dut>,  V.  a.  Name,  style,  term,  denominate,  desig- 
nate, call,  entitle,  christen. 

Duhiety,  n.  {Rare.)  Doubtfulness,  dubious- 
ness, uncertainty. 

Dubious,  a.  I.  Doubtful,  undecided,  hesitant, 
uncertain,  wavering,  fluctuating,  unsettled. 

2.   Uncertain,  doubtful,  equivocal,  ambiguous, 
not  plain,  not  clear. 

Duck,  V.  a.     Immerse,  plunge,  souse,  dip. 

Duck,  V.  n.    I.  Dive,  plunge,  dip,  immerse  one's 
self. 
2.   Bow,  cringe,  dodge  {downward). 

Duck-t>ill,  n.  Ornithorhynchus,  platypus,  mul- 
langong,  tambreet,  water-mole,  duck-mole. 

Duck-hawk,  n.  Harpy,  marsh-harrier,  moor- 
buzzard  {Circus  ceriiginosus). 

Ducking-stool,  n.  Trebuchet,  tumbrel,  castiga- 
tory,  cucking-stool. 

Duct,  «.     Conduit,  channel,  canal,  pipe,  tube. 

Ductile,  «.  I.  Tractable,  compliant,  docile,  yield- 
ing, facile. 

2.  Pliant,  flexible,  easily  bent. 

3.  Extensible,  capable  of  being  drawn  out. 
Ductility,    n.     I.    Tractableness,    docility,    com- 
pliancy, flexibility,  yielding  disposition. 

2.    Extensibility. 
Dudgeon,  «.    Anger,  resentment,  indignation,  ire, 

malice,  ill-will. 
Duds,  n.  pi.    {Colloq,)    I.  Old  clothes,  tattered 
garments. 
2.  Effects,  things,  clothes,  traps. 
Due,  a.     I.   Owed,  to  be  paid. 

2.  Proper,  fit,  suitable,  appropriate,  becoming, 
befitting. 

3.  Owing,  to  be  ascribed. 
Due,  n.     I.   Debt,  what  is  due. 

2.   Right,  just  title,  lawful  claim. 
Due,  ad.     Directly,  exactly. 
Duel,  «.     Affair  of  honor. 

Due  to.  I.  Owing  to,  occasioned  by,  to  be  as- 
cribed to. 

2.  Owed  to. 

3.  Belonging  of  right   to,    fit   for,    befitting, 
suited  to,  appropriate  to. 

Dug,   n.    Teat  {of  a  beast),  nipple,  pap,   uddejr 

{rarefy). 
Dulcamara,  ».    Woody  nightshade,  bitter-sweet 

{Solanum  dulcamara). 
Dulcet,  a.    I.  Sweet,  luscious,  honeyed,  delightful 

to  the  taste,  delicious, 

2.  Melodious,  harmonious,  sweet,  delightful  to 
the  ear. 

3.  Pleasing,    agreeable,    pleasant,    delightful, 
charming,  sweet. 

Dull,  a.  I.  Stupid,  stolid,  doltish,  blockish, 
brutish,  unintelligent,  blunt-witted. 

2.  Apathetic,  insensible,  unimpassioned,  pas- 
sionless, dead,  callous. 

3.  Inert,  inactive,  lifeless,  inanimate,  heavy, 
sluggish,  slow,  torpid. 

4.  Blunt,  obtuse,  dulled. 

5.  Gloomy,  sad,  dismal,  cheerless. 

6.  Dim,  obscure. 

7.  Tedious,  wearisome,  tiresome,  uninterest- 
ing, dreary,  dry,  jejune. 


DULL 


135 


DYSPNCEA 


Dun,  V.  a.     I.   Blunt,  make  blunt. 

2.  Stupefy,  benumb,  deaden,  paralyze,  ob- 
tund,  hebetate,  make  or  render  insensible,  render 
callous,  make  obtuse. 

3.  Depress,  dishearten,  discourage,  dispirit, 
deject,  make  melancholy,  make  sad,  gloomy,  or 
dejected. 

4.  Quiet,  allay,  moderate,  assuage,  mitigate, 
alleviate,  soften. 

5.  Sully,  tarnish,  dim. 
Dnllard,  n.     Simpleton.     See  Dunce. 

Daly,  ad.     I.  Properly,   fitly,   befittingly,    deco- 
rously, in  a  suitable  manner. 
2.   Regularly,  in  course,  at  the  proper  time. 

Doml),  a.    I.  Unable  to  speak,  incapable  of  speech. 
2.   Mute,  speechless,  silent. 

Btunb-sllOW,  «.     Pantomime. 

Dttmb- waiter,  «.     See  Dummy. 

Damfoaild,      \v.a.  {Colloq.)  Confuse,  confound, 

Dumfonnder, )  pose,  nonplus,  strike  dumb,  as- 
tound,  amaze. 

Donunador,  n.  Cockchafer,  dor,  dor-bug,  May- 
bug,  tree-beetle.  May-beetle,  dumbledor  (Meloloti- 
tha  Tjulgaris). 

Dummy,  n.    I.   Mute,  dumb  person. 

2.  {Collog.)    Dumb-waiter. 

3.  Fourth  hand  {whtn  only  three  persons  play 
at  whist). 

Dtimpish,  a.  Sad,  dejected,  dispirited,  despondent, 
moping.     See  Melancholy,  a. 

Dumps,  n.  pl'  Dejection,  depression,  sadness, 
despondency,  blues,  blue  devils.  See  Melan- 
choly, «. 

Dumpy,  a.     Short  and  thick  (/«/^rj<7«),  squat. 

Dun,  a.    Dull  brown,  yellowish-brown,  drab. 

Dun,  V.  a.     Press  {^for  a  debt),  importune,  urge. 

Dun,  n.     I.   Importunate  creditor. 
2.    Dunning  letter. 

Dunce,  n.  Simpleton,  fool,  dolt,  ignoramus,  wit- 
ling, wiseacre,  blockhead,  block,  numskull,  dul- 
lard, thickhead,  thick-skull,  dunderhead,  dunder- 
pate,  clodpoU,  clodpate,  beetle-head,  bull-head, 
dull-head,  addle-head,  logger-head,  chuckle-head, 
jolt-head,  lack-brain,  shallow-brain,  moon-calf, 
Jackwit,  halfwit,  oaf,  changeling,  booby,  noodle, 
spooney,  tony,  nincompoop  {colloq.)y  ninny, 
nmnyhammer,  nonny,  gaby,  flat,  sawney,  drivel- 
ler, noddy,  natural,  innocent,  lout,  stick,  ass, 
jackass,  donkey,  owl,  goose,  coot,  loon,  calf,  non- 
compos,  stupid  fellow,  silly  fellow. 

Dunder,  «.     Lees  {of  cane  juice). 

SSdeSS?,'}-    Simpleton.    SeeDuNCK. 
Dun-diver,  «.     Goosander,  dish-washer,   wagtail 

{Merits  merganser  or  Mergus  castor). 
Dung,  n.     Excrement,  ordure,  faeces. 
Dung,  V.  a.     Manure  {with  dung). 
Dungeon,  «.     Prison  {especially  one  underground 

and  dark),  keep,  donjon-keep. 

Dungmeers, «.  //.    Compost-pits. 

Dupe,  n.     Gull,  cully,  credulous  person. 

Dupe,  V.  a.  Cheat,  deceive,  delude,  trick,  circum- 
vent, overreach,  beguile,  cully,  chouse,  cozen, 
gull,  impose  upon. 

Duplicate,  a.     Double,  twofold. 

Duplicate,  «.     Copy,  transcript,  counterpart. 

Duplicity,  «.  Dissimulation,  chicanery,  guile, 
deceit,  deception,  hypocrisy,  circumvention,  arti- 
fice, Machiavelism,  double-dealing,  falseness, 
fraud,   perfidy,  dishonesty. 

DnraUlity,  ».    Durableness,  lasting  quality. 


Durable,  a.  Permanent,  lasting,  abiding,  contin- 
uing, constant,  stable. 

Durableness,  «.  Permanence,  durability,  lasting 
quality. 

Durance,  n.     See  Duress. 

Duration,  n.    I.   Continuance  (pi  time\  continua- 
tion, lasting  period. 
2.   Time,  extension  in  time. 

Duress,  «.  Constraint,  restraint,  captivity,  confine- 
ment, imprisonment,  durance. 

During, /r^/.     For  the  time  of,  for  the  period  of. 

Dusk,  n.  I.  Twilight,  approach  of  night  or  dark- 
ness, edge  of  darkness,  nightfall. 

2.   Dark  color,  approach  to  blackness,  duski- 
ness. 

Dusky,  a.     I.  Obscure,   murky,   dim,   shadowy, 
cloudy,  shady,  overcast,  somewhat  dark. 
2.    Dark,  dark-colored. 

Dutch  gold.     Pinchbeck. 

Dutch  oven.     Baking- reflector,  reflector. 

Duteous,  a.     Obedient.     See  Dutiful. 

Dutiful,  a.     I.   Obedient,  submissive,  duteous. 
2.   Reverential,  respectful,  deferential. 

Duty,  «.  I.  What  one  ought  to  do,  what  one  is 
bound  or  under  obligation  to  do. 

2.  Service,  business,  function,  office. 

3.  Tax,  impost,  toll,  custom,  excise. 
Dwale,  «.     Belladonna,   banewort,  deadly  night- 
shade {AtroPa  belladonna). 

Dwarf,  n.     Pygmy,  hop  o'  my  thumb. 

Dwarf,  V.  a.     Stunt,  hinder  from  growth. 

Dwarfish,  a.  Stunted,  dwarfed,  undersized,  di- 
minutive, small,  little,  tiny,  liliputian,  pygmean, 
pygmy. 

Dw^,  V.  n.  Inhabit,  reside,  live,  stay,  sojourn, 
tarry,  abide,  be  settled,  have  a  habitation. 

Dweller,  n.  Inhabitant,  inhabiter,  resident,  citi- 
zen, denizen. 

Dwelling,  ».  Habitation,  abode,  residence,  lodg- 
ing, quarters,  domicile,  home,  place  of  residence, 
place  of  abode,  dwelling-place,  house. 

Dwelling-place,  n.     See  Dwelling. 

Dwell  on.       1  I.    Hang  upon  fondly,  be  absorbed 

Dwell  upon.  )      with,  be  deeply  interested  in. 

2.   Continue  long  upon,   occupy  a  long  time 
with. 

Dwindle,  v.  n.  I.  Diminish,  decrease,  lessen, 
shrink,  grow  less,  grow  little. 

2.   Sink,  degenerate,  decline,  decay,  fall  away, 
fell  off. 

Dwindle,  v.  a.  Diminish,  decrease,  lessen,  make 
less. 

Dyad,  n.     Pair,  couple,  group  of  two. 

I^e,  n.     I.   Coloring  liquor. 

2.  Color,  hue,  tint,  tinge,  stain,  cast,  shade. 

Dye,  V.  a.     Color,  tinge,  stain. 

I^er's-weed,  «.  Green-broom,  green-weed  (G*- 
nista  tinctoria). 

Dying,  a.     I.    Expirine. 
2.   Mortal,  perishable. 

Dying,  n.  Death,  decease,  demise,  dissolution, 
departure,  exit,  end  of  life. 

Dynamics,  «.     Science  offerees. 

Dynasty,  n.  I.  Government,  sovereignty,  do- 
minion, empire. 

2.   Race  of  rulers,  family  of  sovereigns,  suc- 
cession. 

Djrsentery,  n.    Bloody  flux. 

I^Spepsia,  \  n.    (Med.)    Indigestion,  difficulty  of 

Dyspepsy,  )      digestion. 

Dyspnoea,  «.   [L.]  {Med.)  DifficMlty  of  breathing. 


EACH 


186 


EAT  DIRT 


Eacb»d!.    I.  One  and  the  other  {of  two),  both, 

either  {archaic  and  poetical). 
2.  Every  one  {o/  several). 
Eager,  a.    I.   Longing,  yearning,  greedy,  anxious, 

impatient,  keenly  desirous. 

2.  Ardent,  zealous,  enthusiastic,  vehement, 
impetuous,  forward,  earnest,  animated,  fervent, 
fervid,  glowing,   hot,  sanguine. 

3.  {Poetical.)  Sharp,  keen,  biting,  mordant, 
nipping,  stinging. 

Eagerness,  n.  I.  Longing,  yearning,  avidity, 
greediness,  impatience,  anxiety. 

2.  Ardor,  zeal,  vehemence,  impetuosity,  earn- 
estness, enthusiasm,  fervor,  fervency,  heartiness, 
devotion. 

Eagle.  ».     I.   King  of  birds. 

2.   TendoWdirs  {U.S.  gold  coin). 

Eagle-eyed.  a.  I.  Sharp-sighted,  keen-eyed, 
keen-sighted,  of  piercing  vision. 

2.  Discerning,  perspicacious,  penetrating,  of 
piercing  vision,  of  penetrating  insight,  quick- 
sighted,  sharp-sighted,  lynx-eyed,  hawk-eyed, 
keen-eyed,  Argus-eyed. 

Eagre,  «.  [written  also  Eger  and  Eygre.'] 
Bore,  great  tidal  wave. 

Ear.  «.     I.   Organ  of  hearing. 

2.  Musical  perception,  faculty  of  discriminat- 
ing sounds,  sense  of  hearing. 

3.  Regard,  heed,  attention,  hearing. 

4.  Spike  {of  grain),  head. 
Earache.  «.     Otalgia,  otalgy,  pain  in  the  ear. 
Ear-drop.  n.    Ear-ring,  pendant. 

Early,  a.     I.  Timely,  seasonable,  in  season. 

2.  Forward,  premature. 

3.  At  dawn,  at  daybreak,  at  the  opening  of 
day. 

Early,  ad.     Soon,  betimes,  seasonably,  in  good 

season,  in  good  time. 
Earn.  v.  a.    I.   Gain,  get,  acquire,  win,  obtain, 

procure. 
2.   Merit,  deserve,  be  entitled  to. 
Earnest,  a.    I.   Ardent,   zealous,  eager,  fervent, 

fervid,  glowing,  animated,  importunate,  warm, 

hearty. 

2.  Intent,  steady,  fixed,  close. 

3.  Serious,  sincere,  true,  truthful. 

4.  Serious,  important,  momentous,  weighty. 
Earnest.  «.     I.   Seriousness,  reality,  truth,  good 

feith. 

2.  Pledge,  promise,  foretaste,  first-fruits. 

3.  {Law.)    Earnest-money,  handsel. 
Earnest-money,  «.     Earnest,  pay  in  advance  {to 

bind  a  bargain),  handsel. 

Earnings.  ».  //.  Income,  proceeds,  profits.  See 
Wages. 

Ear-ring,  «.    Pendant,  ear-drop. 

Earth,  «.  I.  Worid,  globe,  terrestrial  ball,  ter- 
raqueous orb. 

2.  Soil,  ground,  land,  clod,  turf,  sod. 

3.  World,  mankind,  inhabitants  of  the 
globe. 

4.  This  world,  nature,  natural  order,  tem- 
poral things,  transitory  state. 

Euth-twm.  a.      I.    Terrigenous,  bom  on  the 


earth,  sprung  from  the  ground. 

2.  Of  1 
bom. 


low  birth,  of  mean  extraction,  meanly 


3.  Earthly,  low,  mean,  base,  abject,  grovelling, 
earth-bred,  unspiritual,  merely  temporal. 
Earth-bred,  a.     Low,  base,  vile,  abject,   grovel- 
ling, earth-bom,  earth-fed. 


Earth-flax,  n.    Amianth,  amianthus  {sfecies  of 

A  sbestos). 
Earthly,  a.    I.  Terrestrial. 

2.  Sensual,  sordid,  worldljr,  low,  grovelling, 
vile,  base,  gross,  earthly-minded,  earth-bom, 
earth-fed,  earth-bred,  carnal,   unspiritual. 

3.  Natural,  merely  natural  or  physical,  tem- 
poral, carnal,  merely  temporal,  non-spiritual. 

4.  On  earth,  in  the  world,  possible,  con- 
ceivable. 

Earthly-minded,  a.     I.   Sensual,  sordid. 

2.  Devoted  to  this  world.    See  Earthly. 
Earthy,  a.     I,  Terrene,  composed  of  earth,  like 
earth. 

2.  Earthly,  terrestrial. 

3.  Gross,  coarse,  unrefined. 
Ear-wax,  «.     Cerumen. 

Ear-wig,  «.     I.  Ear-piercer  {Forficula  auricti- 

laria). 
2.   Whisperer,  insinuater,  prying  informer. 
Ear- wig,  v.  a.      Get  the    ear    of,  influence  by 

insinuations^    prejudice  by    covert  insinuations, 

whisper  insinuations  in  one's  ear. 
Ease,  n.     I.   Rest,  repose,  quiescence. 

2.  Quiet,  quietude,  quietness,  tranquillity, 
peace,  content,  contentment. 

3.  Facility,  easiness,  readiness. 

4.  Freedom,  flexibility,  freedom  from  stiff- 
ness or  harshness  or  forcedness,  lightness,  nat- 
uralness. 

5.  Freedom  from  formality  or  constraint,  un« 
affectedness. 

Ease,  V.  a.  I.  Relieve,  disburden,  disencumber, 
free  from  pain  or  anxiety,  pacify,  quiet,  still,  give 
rest  or  repose  or  relief. 

2.  Alleviate,  allay,  assuage,  appease,  miti- 
gate, soothe,  abate. 

3.  [With  o/.\  Reheve  {from  or  of),  dis- 
burthen. 

4.  Release  (from  pressure),  loosen,  give 
more  room. 

5.  Facilitate,  make  less  difficult. 

Ease  away.  {Naut.)  Slacken  gradually  (a  rope\ 
ease  oflE. 

Easement.  «.  {Law.)  Privilege  {by  grant  or 
prescription),  convenience,  accommodation,  ad- 
vantage. 

Ease  oft.    (Naut. )    See  Ease  away. 

Eastern,  a.    I.   Oriental,  orient. 
2.  Toward  the  east. 

Easy,  a.'  I.  Light,  not  difficult,  not  burden- 
some. 

2.  Quiet,  tranquil,  untroubled,  comfortable, 
contented,  satisfied,  at  rest,  at  ease,  without 
anxietyj  without  pam. 

3.  Yielding,  complying,  compliant,  pliant, 
facile,  submissive,  accommodating,  complaisant. 

4.  Unconstrained,  graceful,  not  formal,  not 
stiflf. 

5.  Natural,  flowing,  unaffected,  smooth. 

6.  Gentle,  moderate. 

7.  Not  straitened  {pecuniarily),  comfortable, 
affluent 

Eat,  V.  a.     I.  Chew  and  swallow,  ingest. 

2.  Corrode,  erode,  consume,  wear  away,  gnaw 
into. 
Eat,  v.n.    I.  Feed,  take  food. 

2.  Act  corrosively. 

3.  (Colloq.)    Taste,  relish. 
Eatable,  a.     Esculent,  edible. 

Eat  dirt.     Humble  one's  self,  abase  one's  stiff 


EAT  HUMBLE  PIE 


137 


EDGE 


lower  one's  note,  fall  on  one's  knees,  get  a  set- 
down,  eat  humble  pie. 

Eat  bamUe  pie.  Suffer  humiliation,  endure  mor- 
tification, be  humbled,  be  abashed,  be  taken 
down,  eat  dirt. 

Eating,  a.  Corrosive,  erosive,  corroding,  caustic, 
catheretic. 

Eating-bonse,  «.  Restaurant,  chop-house,  coflfee- 
house,  cafi. 

Eat  one's  words.  Take  back  what  was  said, 
retract  a  statement,  withdraw  charges. 

Eat  out.  Eat  away,  consume,  gnaw  out,  erode, 
destroy. 

Eat  Up.  Consume,  devour,  make  away  with, 
destroy,  use  up,  exhaust. 

Eau-de-cologne,  «.  [Fr.]  Cologne,  cologne-water. 

Eavesdropper,  «.    Stealthy  listener. 

Eavesdropping:,  «.     Listening  by  stealth. 

Ebb,  n.  I.  Regression,  regress,  retrocession,  re- 
trogression, reflux,  refluence,  return. 

2.  Decline,  decay,  deterioration,  degeneration, 
degeneracy,  caducity,  wane,  waning. 

3.  Decrease,  diminution,  abatement,  decre- 
ment, subsidence. 

Ebb,  V.  n.     I.  Recede,  retire,  flow  back. 

2.   Decline,  decrease,  decay,  wane,  sink,  fall 
away. 
Ebon,  a.     I.   Dark,  black,  inky. 

2.   Made  of  ebony. 
Ebriety,  «.    Drunkenness,  intoxication,  inebria- 
tion, inebriety. 
Ebullience,  \n.       I.    Effervescence,    ebullition. 
Ebulliency, )      boiling  over. 

2.   Bursting  forth,  overflow,  burst,  rush,  burst- 
ing vigor. 
Ebullient,  a.     I.   Effervescing,  boiling  over. 

2.  Bursting,  rushing,  outbursting,  throbbing, 
stormy. 

3.  Over-enthusiastic,  over-demonstrative,  ex- 
travagant. 

Ebullition,  n.     I.    Boiling. 

2.  Effervescence,  fermentation. 

3.  Burst,  outburst,  bursting  forth,  outbreak, 
fit,  paroxysm. 

Eccentric,  a.  I.  Without  a  centre,  deviating 
from  the  centre,  deviating  from   a   circle. 

2.  With  different  centres,  non-concentric. 

3.  Irregular,  abnormal,  anomalous,  peculiar, 
uncommon,  unnatural,  singular,  strange,  way- 
ward, odd,  aberrant,  erratic,  whimsical. 

Eccentiicity,  «.  I.  Deviation  from  circularity, 
ellipticity,  oblateness,  flatness,  flattening. 

2.  Distance  from  centre  to  focus. 

3.  Irregularity,  peculiarity,  oddness,  oddity, 
singularity,  waywardness,  strangeness,  aberration. 

Ecclesiastic,  )  a.  Of  the  Church,  belonging  or 
Ecclesiastical,  )  relating  to  the  Church,  church. 
Ecclesiastic,  «.      Priest,   clergyman,   churchman, 

minister,  parson,  pastor,  divine,  person  in  holy 

orders  or  orders. 

E^MSStld,!--     Prickly,  bristled. 

Echo,  «.      I.  Reverberation,  reflected  sound,  re- 
percussion of  sound. 
2.   Assenting  repetition,  slavish  imitation. 

Ecno,  V.  n.  Resound,  reverberate,  be  sounded 
back. 

Ecbo,  V.  a.     I.   Reverberate,  re-echo. 
2.   Repeat,  sound  again. 

^     3.    Sound  loudly,  resound,  reverberate. 

Eclaircissement,  «.  [Fr.]  Explanation,  explica- 
tion,  elucidation,  clearing  up. 

Eclairclze,  v.  a.  (^Modern.)  Explain,  unfold, 
expound,  elucidate,  illustrate,  make  plain,  make 

,  clear. 

Eclat,  n.  I.  Acclamation,  applause,  plaudit, 
burst  of  applause. 


2.   Brilliancy,  splendor,  show,  pomp,  lustre, 

effect,  striking  effect. 
Eclectic,  a.     Selecting,  selective. 
Eclecticism,   «.       Eclectic    philosophy,   eclectic 

method. 
Eclipse,  «.     I.   Occultation,  eclipsing. 

2.  Obscuration,  darkening,  dimming,  clouding, 
veiling,  hiding,  shrouding,  disappearance,  con- 
cealment, vanishing,  occultation. 

3.  Extinguishment,  extinction,  obliteration, 
blotting  out,  destruction,  annihilation. 

Eclipse,  V.  a.     I.   Darken,  obscure,  dim. 

2.  Cloud,  veil,  shroud,  hide,  hide  from 
view. 

3.  Throw  into  the  shade,  utterly  surpass,  put 
out  of  competition. 

4.  Extinguish,  blot  out,  put  out,  annihilate, 
annul. 

Eclipse,  V.  n.  Suffer  eclipse,  be  eclipsed,  dark- 
ened, veiled,  hidden,  dimmed,  or  obscured. 

Eclogue,  n.     Bucolic,  idyl,  pastoral,  pastoral  poem. 

Economic,      I  a-      I.     Household,  housekeeping. 

Economical, )  relating  to  housekeeping  or  the 
housenold,  housewifely. 

2.  Relating  to  economics,  concerning  public 
economy. 

3.  Saving,  sparing,  provident,  thrifty,  frugal, 
free  from  lavishness  or  waste. 

Economics,  «.  I«  Science  of  wealth,  method  of 
developing  public  wealth,  plutology,  public  econ- 
omy, political  economy. 

2.  Household  management,  household  econ- 
omy, housewifery.  ^  .     ^     ^ 

Economize,  v.  a.  Save,  htisband,  manage  fru- 
gally, use  prudently,  expend  with  frugality  or 
without  waste. 

Economize,  v.  n  Retrench,  be  frugal,  be  pru- 
dent, be  economical,  practise  economy,  husband 
one's  resources,  avoid  waste. 

Economy,  «.  I.  Frugality,  thrift,  thriftiness, 
good  husbandry,  good  housewifery. 

2.  Arrangement,  regulation,  management, 
administration. 

3.  System,  plan,  dispensation,  established 
order. 

EcphonesiS;  «.  [Gr.]  {^Rhet.')  Exclamation,  ejac- 
ulation, interjection,  animated  or  passionate 
utterance. 

Ecstasy,  n.  I.  Trance,  suspension  of  external 
sense- 

2.  Transport,  rapture,  ravishment,  delight, 
excessive  joy,  supreme  delight,  transporting 
pleasure. 

Ecstatic,      \a.      I.   Entrancing,  suspending  the 

Ecstatical, )      senses. 

2.  Resulting  fi^om  or  given  in  trance  or 
ecstasy. 

3.  Transporting,    ravishing,     rapturous,    sur- 

Kssingly   or  supremely  delightful,  enrapturing, 
atific. 
Ect3i^,  n.     Close  or  exact  copy,  reproduction. 
Eciunenic,      \a.     [Written   also    CEcitmenic  and 
Ecumenical,}      (Ecumenical']     Genen\  (ap/ilied 

especially  to  councils  of  the  Church),  universal. 
Edacious,  a.    Greedy,  voracious,  devouring. 
Eddish,   n.      [Written     also    Eadish.]     Eagrass, 

earsh,  etch.     See  Aftermath. 
Eddy,  n.     I.   Counter-current. 
2.   Whirlpool,  vortex. 

Edge,  n.     I.   Cutting  side  {of  a  blade). 

2.  Border,  rim,  brim,  margin,  verge,  brink ; 
beginning  or  end,  opening  or  close  (as  the  case 
may  be). 

3.  Keenness,  sharpness,  intensity,  interest, 
animation,  zest 


EDGE 


138 


EGOISM 


4.  Power  to  wound,  sharpness,  sting,   acri- 
mony, bitterness,  gall. 
Edge,  V.  a.     I.   Sharpen. 

2.  Fringe,  border,  rim. 

3.  Move  sideways,  move  little  by  little,  hitch 
up,  hitch  along. 

Edge,  V.  n.  Move  sideways,  move  little  by  little, 
hitch  along. 

£dge-tM)Iie, «.    Aitchbone,  natchbone,  rump-bone. 

Edging,  n.     Fringe,  border,  trimming. 

Edible,  a.     Eatable,  esculent. 

Edict,  n.  Command,  order,  decree,  rescript,  man- 
date, ordinance,  proclamation,  ban. 

Edification,  «.  (Moral)  upbuilding,  religious 
nurture,  moral  or  religious  strengthening,  spirit- 
ual invigoralion,  enlargement  of  spiritual  life. 

Edifice,  ».     Building,  fabric,  structure. 

Edi^,  V.  a.  Upbuild  (morally),  nurture  in  religion, 
stimulate  to  spiritual  growth,  strengthen  in  spir- 
itual lite,  beget  spiritual  improvement  in,  enlarge 
in  Christian  life. 

Edit,  V.  a.     I.   Revise  and  correct,  prepare  for  the 

Eress,  annotate  and  emend,  superintend  the  pub- 
cation  of,  bring  out. 
2.   Conduct  {fl journal,  etc.),  manage. 
Edition,    n.       I.   Issue    {o/   a    literary    work), 
impression. 

2.   Impression,  number  {ft/  copies)  printed  at 
once. 
Editor,  n.    I.  Reviser  and  corrector  (ft/  a  work), 
annotator. 
2.   Conductor  {p/  a  journal),  manager. 
Educate,  v.  a.     Train,  discipline,   teach,  instruct, 
school,   nurture,   breed,    bring   up,  develop  the 
faculties    of,     form    the    mind    and    character 

of- 

Education,  n.  Training,  teaching,  tuition,  school- 
ing, instruction,  discipline,  cultivation,  nurture, 
breeding,  development. 

Educe,  V.  a.     Extract,  draw  out,  bring  out 

Edulcorate,  v.  <»•    {Chem.)   Wash,  purify,  cleanse. 

Edulcoration,  «•  KChem.)  Washing,  cleaning, 
purification. 

Eel-pout,  n.     I.   Blenny  {Zoarces  viviparui). 
2.   Burbot  (Lola  vulgaris). 

Efface,  V.  a.  Obliterate,  erase,  expunge,  blot,  can- 
cel, rub  out,  wipe  out,  scratch  out,  rub  ofif,  blot 
out,  strike  out. 

Effect,  «.     I.   Consequence,  result,  issue,  event. 

2.  Force,  validity,  weight,  power,  efficiency. 

3.  Purport,  import,  drift,  tenor,  meaning,  gen- 
eral intent. 

4.  Fact,  reality,  truth. 

5.  General  or  total  impression,  ensemble. 
Effect,  V.  a.     I.   Causcj  produce,  create. 

2.  Accomplish,  achieve,  execute,  perform,  do, 
consummate,  complete,  realize,  carry,  compass, 
effectuate,  bring  about,  bring  to  pass,  carry  out, 
work  out. 
Effectlye,  a.  I.  Competent,  adequate,  sufficient, 
effectual. 

2.  Powerful,  forcible,  energetic,  potent,  cogent, 
efficacious. 

3.  Operative,  active,  efficient. 

Effects,  n.  pi.  Goods,  furniture,  movables,  per- 
sonal estate. 

Effectual,  a.     I.  Operative,  successful. 

2.   Efficacious,     effective,   active,   efficient,  of 
adequate  power. 

Effectuate,  v.  a.  Accomplish,  secure,  achieve, 
effect,  execute,  carry  out,  bring  to  pass. 

Effeminacy,  ».  [Said  o/men.^  Weakness,  soft- 
ness, timidity,  unmanly  delicacy. 

Effeminate,  a.  [Said  o/  men.l  Womanish, 
feminine,  timorous,  unmanly. 

Effeminate,  v.  a.  Unman,  soften,  emasculate, 
emolliate,  make  or  render  effeminate. 


Effervesce,  v.  «.  Froth,  foam,  bubble,  ferment, 
bubble  and  hiss. 

Eltervescence,  «.  Bubbling,  frothing,  foaming, 
ebullition,  fermentation. 

Effete,  a.  I.  Barren,  unprolific,  unfruitful,  fruit- 
less, addle. 

2.  Decayed,  spent,  exhausted,  wasted,  worn 
out. 

Efficacious,  a.  Effectual,  effective,  powerful, 
active,  operative,  efficient,  energetic,  of  adequate 
power. 

Efucacy,  «.  Potency,  competency,  power, 
strength,  force,  efficiency,  effectiveness,  energy, 
vijgor,  virtue. 

^miency,  «.     See  Efficacy. 

Efncient,  a.      I,   Operative,    active,    efficacious, 
effective,  effectual,  potent. 
2.   Able,  energetic,  skilful,  ready. 

Efficient,  «.  (Rare.)  Cause,  operator,  prime 
mover,  efficient  agent. 

Effigies,  n.     See  Effigy. 

Effigy,  n.     I.  Image,  figure,  statue,  representa- 
tion, likeness,  portrait,  effigies. 
2.    Sepulchral  statue,  mortuary  statue. 

Effloresce,  v.  «.  I.  Bloom,  flower,  burst  into 
bloom,  break  into  flower. 

2.  Break     into     florid     ornament,     become 
florid. 

3.  (Chem.)     Grow  pulverulent  (on  the  sur- 
/ace),  acquire  a  bloom  or  down. 

Efflorescence,  «.  I.  Flowering,  bloom,  blos- 
soming. 

2.  Flowering-time,  time  of  blossoming,  period 
of  bloom. 

3.  Pulverulence  (o/  the  surface). 
Effluence,  n.     Emanation,  effiux. 
Effluvium,  n.    Exhalation,    vapor,    noxious    ex- 
halation. 

Efflux,  n.     I.   Flow,  effusion. 
2.   Emanation,  effluence. 

Effort,  n.  Endeavor,  attempt,  trial,  essay,  exer- 
tion, struggle,  strain,  straining,  striving,  stretch. 

Effrontery,  «.  Assurance,  impudence,  audacity, 
hardihood,  presumption,  shamelessness,  sauci- 
ness,  brass,  brazen  boldness. 

Effulgence,  ».  Brilliancy,  lustre,  splendor,  bright- 
ness, radiance,  refulgence. 

Effulgent,  a.  Brilliant,  shining,  lustrous,  splen- 
did, resplendent,  bright,  radiant,  refulgent,  daz- 
zling, blazing,  flaming,  glowing,  burning, 
beaming. 

Effuse,  V.  a.    Shed,  spill,  pour  out  or  forth. 

Effuse,  V.  n.  Issue,  emanate,  come  forth,  spread 
forth. 


Effuse,  a.     Profuse,  poured  forth  freely,  lavish 
Cfuse,   n.       Effu 
spilling,  sheddin; 


Effuse,   n.       Effusion,    outpouring. 


ly,  lav 
loss, 


waste, 


E^ 


,  «.     I.   Outpouring,  efflux,  gush. 

2.  Shedding,  spilling,  waste,  effuse. 

3.  Utterance,  expression  of  thought  or  senti- 
ment, desultory  composition  or  effort  (literary). 

Effusive,   a.      I.     Lavish,  generous,   largely   or 
freely  outpouring,  effuse. 
2.   Poured  abroad,  spread  widely,  diffused. 

Eft,  «.     Salamander,  newt. 

Eftsoon,    lad.     Soon,  speedily,   presently,    soon 

Eftsoons,  )      after,  straightway. 

Egg,  n.    Ovum. 

Egg,  V.  a.     I.   [With  on.]      Urge,  incite,  insti- 
gate, push,  stimulate,  encourage. 
2.   [With  into.}    Provoke,  harass,  harry. 

Egg-shaped,  a.     Ovate. 

Eglantine,  «.     Eglatere,  sweetbrier  (Rosa  ntbi- 
ginosa). 

Ego,  ».     [L.]    (Psychol.)    Subject,  conscious  sub- 
ject, self,  me. 

».      I.  (Met^     Subjective  or   sceptical 


EGOTISM 


139 


ELENCH 


or   negative    idealism,  solipsism  {limitation  of 
certainty  to  the  self). 

2.  Egotism,    selfishness,    extravagant  love  of 
self. 

Egotism,  ft.  I.  Self-importance,  self-conceit,  self- 
esteem,  self-assertion,  self-admiration,  self-praise, 
self-commendation,  bumptiousness  (jcolloq. ). 

2.   Selfishness,  passionate  or  extravagant  self- 
love,  egoism. 

Egotistic,     \a.     Conceited,     vain,    opinionated. 

Egotistical, )  self-important,  self-conceited,  self- 
admiring,  self-asserting,  bumptious  {colloq.). 

Egregious,  a.  [Usually  in  a  bad  sense.]  Extra- 
ordmary,  remarkable,  enormous,  monstrous,  out- 
rageous, great,  huge,  prodigious,  tremendous. 

Egress,  «.     I.   Passage  out,  power  to  go  out. 

2.  Way  out,  exit,  departing  passage. 

3.  Going  out,  exit,  departure,  emergence. 
Either,  a.  and/)r<7«.     I.  {Properly.)    One  or  the 

other  {of  two). 

2.  {Less    authorized.)    Any    one     {o/"  sev- 
eral). 

3.  [Archaic  or  poetical.}      Each    {of  two), 
both,  one  and  the  other. 

Ejacttlate,  v.  a.      Utter  in  an  exclamation,  utter 

briefly  and  suddenly. 
Ejaculate,  v.  n.     Cry  or  exclaim   passionately 

or  hurriedly. 
Ejaculation,   n.      Exclamation,  brief  and  sudden 

utterance,  ecphonesis. 
Eject,  z'.  a.    I.   Emit,  discharge,  void,  evacuate, 

vomit,  spew,  puke,  throw  out,  cast  up. 

2.  Expel,  oust,    dismiss,    discharge,    cashier, 
turn  out,  thrust  out.  put  out. 

3.  Reject,    banish,    throw  aside,  cast  away, 
throw  overboard. 

Ejection,    n-      Expulsion,    dismission,   dischafge, 

extrusion,   banishment,   thrusting    out,    turning 

out. 
Eke  out.    Add  to,  supply  the  deficiency  of,  stretch 

out,  make  out,  make  out  with  difficulty. 
Elaborate^   v.  a.     I.   Bestow  labor  upon,  work 

out. 
2.   Improve,   refine,    mature,    ripen,    prepare 

thoroughly,  work  out  with  (great)  care. 
Elaborate,   a.      I.  Labored,  studied,  elaborately 

prepared. 
2.   High-wrought,   highly   finished,    minutely 

and  intncately  wrought. 
Elaboration,  n.     I.   Labor,  painstaking. 

2.  Preparation,  ripening,  maturing,  working 

out. 
Elapse,  V.  n.    Pass,  lapse,  glide  away,  slip  away, 

pass  away. 
Elastic,  a.     I.  Springy,     rebounding,    resilient, 

recoiling. 
2.  Recuperative. 
Elasticity,   n       I.     Springiness,  resiliency,  ten- 
dency to  rebound. 
2.  Tendency    to   recover,    power    to    endure 

strain  or  depression. 
Elate,  a.     Flushed  (with  success),  elated,  excited, 

exhilarated,  puffed  up,  in  high  spirits. 
Elate,  V.  a.    Cheer,  exhilarate,  elevate,  animate, 

excite,  flush,  puff  up,  make  proud. 
Elater,  «.     Fire-fly  {of  South  America,  Cuba, 

etc.). 
Elation,    «.      Exultation,    elevation,     exaltotion, 

pride,  high  spirits. 
Elbow,  n.     Angle,  bend,  turn,  flexure. 
^bow,  V.  a.    Push,  crowd,  jostle,  hustle,  shoulder. 
Elbow,  V.  n.      Tostle,    hustle,    shoulder,  crowd, 

push,  push  one's  way. 
Elbow-chair,  «.     Armchair,  easy-chair. 
Elbow-room,   «.      Scope,   swing,   range,    sweep, 

opportunity,  liberty  of  action,  a  fair  field,  room 

enough. 


Eld,  n.      I.     Old  age,    decrepitude,  decadence, 

decay. 
2.   Olden  time,  antiquity,   former  or  bygone 

ages,  bygone  times,  tlie  past. 
Elder,  a.     I.   Older,  senior,  earlier  bom. 

2.  Senior,  ranking,  previously  appointed  or 
commissioned. 

3.  Earlier,  more  ancient,  ancient,  olden. 
Elder,  n.     I.   Senior,  superior  in  age. 

2.  Old  man,  aged  man,  venerable  man. 

3.  Presbyter,  ruling  elder. 

Elderly,  a.    Somewhat  old,  somewhat  advanced 

in  life. 
Eldership,  n.     I.    Seniority. 

2.  Elder's  office. 

3.  Order  of  elders,  body  of  elders. 
Eldest,  a.     Oldest. 

Elect,  V.  a.  Choose,  select,  cull,  pick,  prefer, 
single  out,  fix  upon,  pitch  upon,  pick  out,  make 
choice  of. 

Elect,  a.     I.   Chosen,  selected,  picked,  choice. 

2.  Elected,  appointed  {but  not  installed  in 
office). 

3.  {Theol.)  Redeemed,  predestinated  to  sal- 
vation, saved,  chosen  to  salvation. 

Election,  n.    I.   Selection,  preference,  choice. 

2.  Appointment  by  vote. 

3.  Choice,  alternative,  liberty,  freedom,  free- 
will, power  to  choose. 

4.  Discrimination,  distinction,  discernment. 

5.  {Theol.)    Predestination. 
Electioneer,  v.  n.     Canvass. 

Elective,  a.  I.  Chosen  by  election,  determined 
by  suffrage,  dependent  on  suffrage. 

2.  Concerning  suffrage,  of  suffrage. 

3.  Selective,  mutually  attractive. 

Elective  franchise.     Right  of  voting,  right  to 

vote,  right  of  suffrage. 
Elector,  «.    Voter,  constituent. 
Electric,  a.     I.   Charged  with  electricity. 

2.  Marked  by  electricity,  relating  to  elec- 
tricity. 

3.  Full  of  fire  or  spirit,  inspiriting,  inspiring, 
stimulating. 

4.  Lightning-like,  swift  and  flashing,  instanta- 
neous and  thrilling,  rousing,  thrilling,  stirring, 
exciting. 

Electrify,  v.  a.    I.   Render  electric,  charge  with 
electricity. 
2.   Rouse,  thrill,  excite,  stir,  enchant. 
Elegance,    «.       I.     Grace,     beauty,     symmetry, 
propriety. 
2.   Refinement,  polish,  politeness,  gentility. 
Elegant,  a.     I,   Graceful,   beautiful,    handsome, 
fine,  symmetrical,  classical,  tasteful,  chaste,  neat, 
well-made,  well-proportioned,  in  good  taste. 

2.   Polished,  refined,  accomplished,  cultivated, 
polite,  genteel,  courtly,  fashionable. 
Elegiac,  a.     Mournful,  plaintive,  sorrowful,  dirge- 
like. 
Elegy,  «.    I.  Dirge,  lament,  epicedium,  mournful 
song,  funeral  song. 

2.      Serious,      meditative,     or      melancholy 
poem. 
Element,   «.      I.     Simple  body,    uncompounded 
body,  ultimate  part. 

2.  Constituent,  component,  ingredient,  con- 
stituent principle,  component  part. 

3.  Proper  state,  proper  sphere,  natural  me- 
dium, vital  air. 

4.  [In  //.]  Rudiments,  first  steps  or  princi- 
ples, outlines,  essential  parts. 

Elementary,  «.    I.   Simple,  uncompounded. 
2.   Rudimentary,  rudimental.  primary. 

Elench, «.  {Lo^.)  I.  Elenchus,  refutatory  syl- 
logism, syllogism  forcing  contradiction  {ftpon 
the  opponent). 


ELEPHANTINE 


140 


EMBARK 


2.    (Rare.)      Sophism,    paralogism,    fallacy, 
specious  argument. 
Elephantine,  a.      I.   Huge,    immense,    gigantic, 
colossal,  Cyclopean,   Herculean,  enormous,  very 
large. 
2.   Clumsy,  unwieldy. 
Elevate,  v.  a.     I.    Raise,  lift,  lift  up. 

2.  Exalt,  promote,  advance,  aggrandize. 

3.  Improve,  dignify,    ennoble,    refine,   exalt, 
greaten. 

4.  Animate,   elate,  cheer,  exhilarate,  excite, 
flush. 

Elevation,  «.     I.   Raising,  elevating. 

2.  Exaltation,  aggrandizement,  promotion. 

3.  Dignity,    refinement,     improvement,    en- 
nobling. 

4.  Hill,  elevated  place,  height. 

5.  Height,  altitude. 
Eleve,  ft.    [Fr.]    Pupil. 

Elf ».  ft.      I.   Fairy,   fay,  sprite,  imp,  urchin,    di- 
minutive spirit. 

2.  Dwarf,  gnome. 

3.  Imp,  urchin,  mischief  {applied  in.  sport  to 
a  child). 

Elfish,  a.     Elf-like,  mischievous,  elvish. 
Elicit,  V.  a.    I.  Draw  out,  bring  out,  educe,  evoke, 
call  forth,  succeed  in  obtaining. 
2.   Bring  to  light,  educe,  deduce. 
Elide,  V.  a.    Cut  off  (a  syllable),  strike  out,  curtail. 
Eligible,  a.     I.   Desirable,  preferable,  to  be  pre- 
ferred, worthy  of  choice,  fit  to  be  chosen. 
2.   Legally  qualified  (for  election). 
Eliminate,  v.  a.     Exclude,  remove,  expel,   reject, 
eradicate,  erase,  thrust  out,  drive  out,  get  clear 
of,  get  rid  of. 
Elimination,  ft.     I.   Exclusion,  expulsion,  rejec- 
tion. 
2.   Removal,  eradication,  erasure. 
Elite,  «■     [Fr.]     Flower  (^  a  .yi'«^/;'),  best  part, 

select  body. 
Elixir,  ft.     I.   Cordial. 

2.  (Med.)     Compound  tincture. 
EllE,    ft.    Moose,    moose-deer    {Cervus   alces    or 

A  Ices  molchis). 
Ellipse,  ft.     I.   Closed  conic  (section). 

2.   Oval,  oval  figure,  flattened  circle,  rounded 
oblong. 
Ellipsis,  ft.    Omission,  gap,  hiatus,  lacuna. 

SptiSa,!-     I-    Oval,  oblong  rounded. 

2.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  ellipse,  like  an 
ellipse. 

3.  Defective,  incomplete,  containing  omissions. 
Elocution,  ft.   I.   Speech,  faculty  of  speech,  power 

of  expression. 

2.  Utterance,    delivery,  manner  of  speaking, 
oral  expression. 

3.  Art  of  delivery,  art  of  oral  expression,  read- 
ing art,  declamatory  art. 

ElOge,    ft.    [Fr.]     Eulogy,    eulogium,  panegyric, 

funeral  oration. 
Elongate,  v.  a.    Lengthen,  stretch,  extend,  draw 

out,  lengthen  out. 
Elope,  V.  ft.     Abscond  (as  a  wofttaft  with  a  para- 

fftour),  run  away,  run  oflF. 
Eloquence,  «.     I.   Oratory,  art  of  speaking  well, 

(ift  public). 
2-   Graceful  and  vigorous  utterance,  fit  words 

in  fit  places,  appropriate  expression. 

3.    Impassioned  utterance,  flowing  and  irnpas- 

sioned  speech,  speech  full  of  appropriate  feeling. 
Eloquent,  a.     I.   Persuasive,  impressive. 

2.  Graceful  and  vigorous. 

3.  Impassioned,   flowing  and  full  of  feeling, 
fluent  and  powerful. 

Else,  a.  or  proft.     Other. 

Else,  ad.  or  coftj.     I.  Otherwise. 


2.   Besides. 
Elsewhere,  ad.    I.  In   many   or  several  other 
places. 

2.  In  some  other  place. 

3.  In  other  places. 

Elucidate,  v.  a.  Explain,  illustrate,  unfold,  make 
clear,  make  plain,  throw  light  upon. 

Elucidation,  «.  I.  Clearing  up,  elucidating,  ex- 
planation, explaining,  illustration,  illustrating, 
unfolding. 

2.  Explanation,  illustration,  exposition,  com- 
ment, annotation,  commentary,  gloss,  scholium. 

Elucidative,  a.     Explanatory. 

Elude,  V.  a.  I.  Escape,  evade,  avoid,  shun,  get 
away  from,  steal  away  from,  slip  from,  slip  away 
from. 

2.  Baffle,  frustrate,  foil,  balk,  thwart,  discon- 
cert, disappoint,  escape  (ttotice  or  inquiry)^  remain 
concealed  from. 

Elusive,  a.    I.   Evasive.    See  Elusory. 
2.    Equivocating,  shuffling,  equivocatory. 

Elusory,  a.  Evasive,  elusive,  delusive,  deceptive, 
fraudulent,  fallacious,  deceitful,  illusory. 

Elutriate,  v.  a.  Cleanse  {as  ores,  by  washiftg)y 
purify. 

Elvish,  a.     Elf-like,  mischievous,  elfish. 

Eljsian,  a.  Charming,  delightful,  ravishing,  en- 
chanting, blissful,  heavenly,  celestial,  exceedingly 
happy. 

Elysium,  «.     I.   The  Elysian  fields,  islands  of  the 
blest. 
2.   Paradise,  Eden,  delightful  place. 

Emaciate,  v.  a.  Make  lean  or  thm  or  spare,  re- 
duce in  flesh,  cause  to  waste  away. 

Emaciate,  v.  ft.  Waste  away,  pine,  grow  lean  or 
thin  or  spare,  become  reduced  in  flesh. 

Emaciate,     \a.      Lean,    thin,    lank,     attenuated. 

Emaciated,  )  wasted,  gaunt,  skinny,  meagre, 
worn  to  a  shadow,  reduced  to  a  skeleton. 

Emaciation,  «.  Leanness,  lankness,  meagreness, 
wasting  away,  pining  away,  tabes,  tabef action. 

Emanate,  v.  a.  I.  Flow  forth  continuously,  pour 
out  incessantly. 

2.  Issue,  arise,  spring,  flow,  proceed,  emerge, 
go  out. 

Emanation,  «.    I.   Flowing  out,  issuing,  issuance, 
arising,  springing,  flowing,  emerging,  emergence. 
2.   Efflux,  effluence,  issue. 

Emancipate,  v.  a.  Enfranchise,  manumit,  liber- 
ate, disenthrall,  release,  unfetter,  unshackle,  un- 
chain, free,  set  free,  set  at  liberty. 

Emancipation,  «.  Enfranchisement,  manumission, 
liberation,  release,  deliverance. 

Emasculate,  v.  a.  I.  Castrate,  geld,  glib,  deprive 
of  virility,  deprive  of  procreative  power. 

2.  Weaken,  enervate,  debilitate,  unman,  effem- 
inate, effeminize,  emoUiate,  make  effeminate, 
deprive  of  native  vigor. 

Emasculation,  «.  I.  Castration,  gelding,  glib- 
bing,  orchotomy. 

2.  Weakening,  debilitation,  enervation,  un- 
manning, eff"emination. 

3.  Effeminacy,  weakness,  softness,  enervation. 
Embalm,  v.  a.     I.    Preserve  from  decay  {by  aro- 

tnatics  or  afttiseptics). 

2.  Preserve,  enshrine,  cherish,  keep  unim- 
paired. 

3.  Scent,  perfume,  make  fragrant  or  balmy, 
fill  with  balm. 

Embargo,  «.  I.  Prohibition  (o/  vessels  to  leave 
port).  .  . 

2.  Prohibition  (in.  gefteral),  prohibitory  re- 
striction, ban,  restraint,  hindrance,  embargue- 
ment. 

Embargo,  v.  a.  Put  under  embargo,  lay  an  em- 
bargo upon,  prohibit  from  leaving  port. 

Emburk,  v.  a.     I.  Put  on  shipboard. 


EMBARK 


141 


EMIGRATION 


2.   Engage,  enlist,  invest,  put. 
EmtMUrk,  v.  n.    I.   Go  on  shipboard,  go  on  board, 
go  aboard,  take  ship. 

2.   Engage,  enlist,  enter  upon,  take  the  first 
step,  go  into. 
Embarrass,   v.  a.     I.   Perplex,  entangle,  beset, 
make  intricate,  make  difficult. 

2.  Harass,  distress,  trouble,  vex,  annoy, 
plague,  hamper,  clog. 

3.  Confuse,  disconcert,  abash,  confound,  non- 
plus, pose,  dumfound,  dumfounder. 

Embarrassment,  n.  I.  Perplexity,  difficulty, 
entanglement. 

2.  Trouble,  distress,  vexation,  plague. 

3.  Confusion,  abashrnent. 

Embassy,  «.  I.  Commission,  mission,  ambassa- 
dorial office  or  function. 

2.  Legation,  ambassadors. 

3.  Ambassadorial  residence,  legation. 
Embattle,  v.  a.     I.   Arra>r  {in  order  of  battU\  set 

in  battle  {array),  put  in  line. 

2.  Make  battlements  in,  fit  or  adorn  with 
battlements. 

Embay,  v.  a.    Landlock. 

Embed,  v.  a.    Bed. 

Embellish,  v.  a.  Decorate,  deck,  bedeck,  orna- 
ment, adorn,  beautify,  set  out,  set  oflF. 

Embellishment,  «.  Decoration,  ornament,  orna- 
mentation, adornment,  adorning,  decking,  beauti- 
fying. 

Embers,  n.  pi.  Cinders,  live  coals,  smouldering 
remains  (of  the  fire). 

Embezzle,  v.  a.  Appropriate  to  one's  own  use 
{what  is  intrusted),  misappropriate,  purloin, 
steal,  come  unlawfully  by. 

Embezzlement,  n.    Peculation. 

Embitter,  v.  a.    [Written  also  Imbitter.'] 

1.  Make  bitter  or  more  bitter. 

2.  Make  unhappy  or  grievous  or  distressing. 

3.  Aggravate,  exacerbate,  render  more  severe 
or  bitter  or  poignant  or  violent  or  malignant. 

4.  Exasperate,  anger,  make  hostile,  madden, 
enrage,  exacerbate- 

Emblaze,  v.  a.    I.^  Blazon.    See  Emblazon,    i. 

2.  Kindle,  set  in  a  blaze  or  ablaze. 

3.  Adorn  with  glittering  ornaments,  make 
glitter  or  eleam  or  shine. 

4.  Display,  blazon,  make  ostentation  of. 
Emblazon,  v,  a.     I.   Blazon,  emblaze,  adorn  with 

ensigns  armorial. 

2.  Deck  {with  showy  ornaments),  decorate, 
adorn,  embellish,  emblaze,  set  off,  set  out 

3.  Celebrate,  laud,  sing,  sing  the  praises  of. 
Emblazonry,  n.     I.   Heraldry,  blazonry. 

2.   Heraldic  ornaments. 

Emblem,  n.  Type,  symbol,  sign,  representation, 
token,  badge,  mark,  device,  cognizance,  allusive 
figure. 

Emblematic,      )  a.    Typical,    figurative,     repre- 

Emblematical,  )  sentative,  symbolical,  allu- 
sive. 

Emblematize,  v.  a.  Symbolize,  typify,  represent 
by  an  emblem,  emblemize,  emblematicize. 

Embodiment,  ».  I.  Embodying,  etc.  See  the 
verb. 

2.  Bodily  presentation,  material  representation, 
realization,  incorporation. 

Embody,  v,a.  I.  Invest  with  a  body,  make  cor- 
poreal, form  into  a  body,  incarnate. 

2.  Incorporate,  concentrate,  compact,  inte- 
grate, combine,  collect  into  a  whole,  draw  into 
one  mass. 

3.  Comprehend,  include,  embrace,  comprise, 
contain. 

4.  Systematize,  methodize,  codify. 
Embogne,  v.   «.     {Said  of  rivers.]    Discharge, 

empty,  fall. 


Embolden,  v.  a.  Encourage,  animate,  inspirit, 
reassure,  make  bold,  give  courage  to. 

Embolism,  n.  I.  Intercalation,  mterpolation  {^oj 
time). 

2.  Time  or  period  intercalated. 

3.  {Med.)    Obstruction,  stoppage. 
Embollsmic,      \a.     Intercalated,   intercalary,  in- 
Embolismical,  J      terpolated,    inserted,     embolic, 

embolismal,  embolismatic  (al). 

Embonpoint,  «.  [Fr.]  Plumpness,  fleshiness, 
fatness,  corpulence,  corpulency,  obesity,  stout- 
ness, rotundity. 

Embosom,  v.  a.  Enfold,  enwrap,  surround,  en- 
velop, hide,  conceal,  bury. 

EmbOSSf  V.  a.  I.  Adorn  with  raised  work,  orna- 
ment in  relief. 

2.    Cover   with   bosses   or  protuberances  or 
relief. 

Embossment,  n.  I.  Embossing.  See  the 
verb. 

2.   Protuberance,  jut,  prominence,  raised  work, 
figure  in  relief. 

Embonchore,  n.   [Fr.]   I.    Mouth  {as  of  a  river). 
2.    (Mus.)      Aperture     {of   an    instrument), 
mouthpiece. 

Embowed,  p.  a.  Bent,  curved,  arched,  bowed, 
arcuated,  arcuate. 

Embowel,    v.    a.     I.     Eviscerate,     disembowel, 
paunch,  gut,  take  out  the  bowels  or  entrails  of, 
free  from  the  viscera. 
2.   Embed,  bury,  hide,  conceal. 

Embrace,  v.  a.     I.   Clasp  in  the  arms,  hug,  press 
to  the  bosom,  fold  to  the  heart. 
2.   Welcome,  seize,  accept,  lay  hold  on,  accept 


'Tfer 


3.   Comprehend,  include,  cover,  contain,  com- 
prise, enclose,  encompass,  encircle,  embody,  uke 
in. 
Embrace, «.    Hug,  clasp. 

Embroider,  v.  a.     Adom  with  needle-work. 
Embroidery,  «.     Variegated  needle-work. 
Embroil,  v.  a.     I.    Entangle,  ensnarl,  implicate, 

commingle,  involve. 
2.   Disturb,  perplex,  confuse,  distract,  trouble, 

disorder,  discompose,  throw  into  disorder,  bring 

into  difficulty. 
Embryo,  «.     I.    Germ,  rudiment,  embryon. 

2.   Rudimentary  state,  first  stage,  beginning. 
Embryo,    a.      Embryotic,    embryonic,    embryon, 

embryonal,  embryonate,  embryous,  rudimentary, 

undeveloped. 
Embryotic,  a.    See  Embryo,  a. 
Emend,  v.  a.     Improve  the  text  of,  subject   to 

textual  criticism,  supply  with  improved  readings. 
Emendation,  «.     Correction  of  the  text,  rectifica- 
tion of  the  text,  improved  reading. 
Emerge,  v.  n.     I.   Rise  {out  of  a  fluid),  come  up. 

2.  Issue,  emanate,  escape,  come  forth. 

3.  Appear,  become  visible,  rise  into  view. 
Emergence,  «.     Emerging.     See  the  verb. 
Emergency,  ».     I.   Exigency,  urgency,  necessity, 

crisis,  pinch,  pass,  push,  strait,  difficulty,  extrem- 
ity, pressing  necessity. 

2.  Juncture,  conjuncture,  crisis,  pass,  turn  of 
events. 

3.  Unforeseen  occasion,  sudden  or  unexpected 
occurrence. 

Emersion,  «.     I.   Emerging,  rising,  emergence. 
2.  (Astron.)  ^  Reappearance  {after  eclipse). 

Emetic,  «•    Vomit,  vomitory,  puke. 

Emente,  «.    [Fr.]    Riot,  popular  outbreak,  sedi- 
tious commotion,  uprising,  tumult. 

Emication,  n.     Scintillation,  sparkling. 

Emigrate,   v.    n.     Migrate,    remove    {from   one 
country  to  settle  in  another). 

Emigration,  «.     I.   Migration,  removal,  exodus. 
2.  Body  of  emigrants. 


Eminence 


14^ 


ENCHANT 


Eminence,  n.  I.  Prominence,  projection,  prota- 
berance. 

2.  Elevation,  hill,  elevated  ground,  high  point. 

3.  Exaltation,  celebrity,  distinction,  promi- 
nence, conspicuousness,  loftiness,  note,  renown, 
repute,  reputation,  fame,  high  rank  or  position, 
great  station,  celebrity,  preferment. 

4.  Supreme  degree,  superiority,  marked  degree. 
Eminency,  n.     {Rare.)    Same  as  Eminence,   3 

and  4. 
Eminent,  «.    I.  High,  lofty,  elevated. 

2.    Distinguished,    conspicuous,      celebrated, 

prominent,  illustrious,  exalted,  famous,  renowned, 

remarkable,  of  great  repute. 
£missai7,  «.     I,  Messenger,  spy,  scout,  secret 

agent. 
2.   Outlet  {Jar  water),  discharging  channel. 
Emission,  n.     I.   Emitting,  sending  out,  throwing 

out. 

2.  Issue,  issuing,  issuance,  putting  into  circu- 
lation. 

3.  Bills  or  amount  issued,  issue. 

Emit,  V.  a.     I.   Eject,  discharge,  exhale,  breathe, 
breathe  out,  send  forth,  throw  out,  give  out. 
2.   Issue  (/or  circulation),  put  into  circulation. 

Emmet,  n.    Ant,  pismire. 

Emolliate,  v.  a.  Soften,  efEeminate,  emasculate, 
make  effeminate. 

Emollient,  a.     Softening,  relaxing,  soothing. 

Emolument,  n.     I.   Gain,  lucre,  pay,   compensa- 
tion, remuneration,  profits,  wages,  salary,  stipend, 
income,  hire,  pecuniary  profit. 
2.   Advantage,  profit,  benefit. 

Emotion,  «.  Feeling,  passion,  excitement  {0/ sen- 
sibility), mental  agitation. 

Empawn,  v.  a.     Pawn,  pledge,  put  in  pawn. 

Emphasis,  n.     I.   Stress  (<?«  certain  words),  force 
of  utterance. 
2.   Impressiveness,  significance,  weight. 

EmpliatiC,      1  a.     Expressive,   significant,  strong, 

Emphatical,  S  forcible,  energetic,  decided,  posi- 
tive, unequivocal,  distinct. 

Empire,  «.   I.   Sovereignty,  supremacy,  dominion, 
absolute  authority,  supreme  dominion,  imperial 
power. 
2.   Rule,  sway,  command,  control,  government. 

Empiric,  «.  Quack,  charlatan,  pretender,  moun- 
tebank, impostor,  cheat,  mere  experimenter 
{without  scientific  training). 

Empiric,      I  a.     I.    Experimental,     experiential, 

Empirical, )  from  experience  (as  distingiiisked 
from  inference  or  reasoning),  based  on  evidence 
of  the  senses  {in  opposition  to  the  creations  of 
reason). 

2.  Tentative,  provisional,  hypothetical,  exper- 
imental, that  feels  its  way,  awaiting  verification. 

3.  Charlatanic,  quackish. 

Empiricism,  «.  I.  Dependence  on  experience, 
reliance  on  the  evidence  of  sense  alone. 

2.  (Philos.)  Empirical  philosophy,  sensation- 
alism, sensualism,  theory  of  the  sole  validity  of 
sense. 

3.  Quackery,  charlatanism,  charlatanry. 
Emplastrum,   «.      [L.  pi.   Emplastra.]     (Med.) 

Plaster. 
Employ,  V.  a,    I,  Busy,  engage,  engross,  exercise, 
occupy. 
2.   Use,  apply,  make  use  of. 
_  3.   Intrust  with  an  agency,  enlist  in  one's  ser- 
vice, give  employment  to. 
Employ,, ».    (Poetical.)    See  Employment. 
Employe,  «.    [Fr.]    Agent,  clerk,  servant,  hand, 

employee. 
Employment,   «.      I.   Business,    occupation,   en- 
gagement, pursuit,  vocation,  avocation,  calling, 
profession,  trade,  craft,  employ. 
2.   Service,  agency,  office,  employ. 


3.  Employing,  use,  application. 

4.  Busy  state,   being  busied,  occupation,  en- 
grossment. 

Emiwrinm,  n.    Mart,   market,   place  of  trade, 

commercial  city. 
Empoverish,   v.  a.    [Written  also  Impoverish,'] 

1.  Make  poor,  bring  to  want,  reduce  to  indi- 
gence. 

2.  Make  less  fertile ,  deprive  or  strip  of  fertility. 
Empower,  v.  a.     I.   Authorize,  commission,  war- 
rant, qualify,  give  authority  to. 

2.   Enable,  make  able. 
Emptiness,    «.      I.    Empty    state   or   condition, 
vacancy,  destitution  of  contents. 

2.   Destitution,  lack  of  supplies,  want  of  furni- 
ture. 

3..  Vacuity,  vacuum,  void,  void  space,  vacancy. 

4.  Unsatisfactoriness,  unsatisfyingness,  vanity, 
hoUowness,  unreality. 

5.  Triviality,  frivolity,   trifling,  senselessness, 
silliness,  destitution  of  sense. 

Empty,  a:.  I.  Without  contents,  destitute  of  con- 
tents, devoid  of  contents. 

2.  Void,  vacant,  unoccupied. 

3.  [With  of]    Devoid,  destitute. 

4.  Unfurnished,  unsupplied,  unfilled,  destitute. 

5.  Unsubstantial,  unsatisfying,  unsatisfactory, 
vain,  hollow. 

6.  Desolate,  waste,  deserted. 

7.  Senseless,  silly,  weak,  frivoloiis. 
Empty,     V.    a.     I.    Exhaust,    drain,    evacuate, 

deplete. 
2.   Discharge,  disembogue,  pour  out. 

Empty,  V.  n.  Flow,  disembogue,  embogue,  dis- 
charge, fall,  flow  out,  be  discharged. 

Empyreal,  a.  Ethereal,  aerial,  airy,  highly  re- 
fined, sublimed,  sublimated. 

Empyrean,  «.    Highest  heaven. 

Emulate,  v.  a.  Rival,  vie  with,  compete  with, 
strive  to  equal  or  to  excel. 

Emulation,  ».     I.   Rivalr>',  competition,  desire  to 
excel,  desire  of  superiority. 
2.   Envy,  jealousy,  contention,  envious  strife. 

Emulous,  a.     I.   Competing,  rivalling. 

2.  Very  desirous  or  eager  to  excel  or  equal. 

3.  Contentious,  envious,  jealous. 

4.  [With  <2/ij    Very  desirous,  eager. 
Emunctorles,  «.  pi.     Excretory  ducts. 

Enable,  v.  a.  Empower,  qualify,  capacitate,  make 
able,  make  capable,  render  capable. 

Enact,  V.  a.  I,  Ordain,  decree,  establish  by  law, 
pass  into  a  law,  give  legislative  sanction  to. 

2.   Play,  act,  personate,  represent,  act  the  part 
of. 

Enactment,  «.     I.   Enacting.     See  the  verb. 
2.   Law,  act,  decree,  edict,  ordinance. 

Enamour,  v.  a.  Charm,  captivate,  fascinate,  be- 
witch, inflame  with  love. 

Enarthrosis,  M.     (Anat.)    Ball-and-socket  joint. 

Encage,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Incage.^  Confine, 
coop,  coop  up. 

Encamp,  v.  n.  Camp,  pitch  one's  camp,  pitch 
camp,  pitch  one's  tent. 

Encamp,  v.  a.    Place  in  a  camp,  put  in  camp. 

Encampment, «.    Camp. 

Enceinte,  a.  [Fr.]  Pregnant,  with  child,  in  the 
family  way. 

Enchain,  v.  a.     I.   Bind,  shackle,   manacle,   en- 
slave, hold  in  chains,  hold  in  bondage. 
2.   Hold,  rivet,  fix,  hold  fast. 

Enchant,  v.  a.  I.  Practise  sorcery  upon,  cast  a 
spell  on,  throw  under  a  spell,  bind  by  incantations, 
fascinate,  bewitch,  charm,  practise  charms  upon. 

2.  Charm,  captivate,  fascinate,  bewitch,  enam- 
our, win,  catch,  lead  captive. 

3.  Charm,  delight,  enrapture,  rapture,  ravish, 
enravish,  beatify,  transport,  fill  with  bliss. 


ENCHANTING 


143 


ENDOWMENT 


Enchanttng,  a.  Charming,  captivating,  fascinat- 
ing, bewitching,  delightful,  rapturous,  enraptur- 
ing, blissful,  ravishing,  Circean. 

EncSanter,  n.  I.  Charmer,  magician,  sorcerer, 
necromancer. 

2.  Charmer,  the  one  who  delights,  captivates, 
or  fascinates. 

Enchantment,  «.  I.  Enchanting,  overpowering 
by  magic  or  spells  or  incantations  or  sorcery, 
putting  under  a  spell,  incantation,  fascination, 
charmmg. 

2.  Incantation^  conjuration,  necromancy, 
magic,  sorcery,  witchery,  spell,  charm. 

3.  Delight,  fascination,  rapture,  ravishment, 
transport,  bliss. 

Enchantress,  «.    I.  Sorceress,  witch. 

2.   Charmer,  inamorata,  fair  enslaver. 
Enchase,  v.  a.    I.  Enclose  (as  a  gem  in  gold), 
infix,  set,  encircle. 
2.  Chase,  emboss. 
Enchiridion,  n.    Manual,  hand-book. 
Encircle,  v.  a.   I,   Surround,  encompass,  environ, 
gird,  belt,  engird,  enclose. 
2.  Embrace,  fold,  clasp,  enfold. 
Enclose,  v.  a.     [Written  also  Inclose.'\     I.   Encir- 
cle, surround,  encompass,  imbosom,  circumscribe, 
shut  in,  fence  in. 
2.   Cover,  envelop,  wrap. 
Enclosure,  «.     [Written  also  Inclosure.\    I.   En- 
closing. 

2.  Being  enclosed. 

3.  Thing  enclosed. 

4.  Circle,  compass,  space  enclosed. 

5.  Yard,  compound. 

Encomiast,  n.  Eulogist,  panegyrist,  praiser,  ex- 
toller. 

Encomiastic,     )  a.    Panegyrical,  eulogistic,  laud- 

Encomiastlcal,  \     atory,  commendatory. 

Encomlom,  n.  Praise,  eulogy,  eulogium,  laudation, 
commendation,  panegyric,  good  word. 

Encompass,  v.  a.  I.  Surround,  environ,  compass, 
gird,  engird,  belt,  encircle,  enclose. 

2.  Invest,  beset,  besiege,  surround,  hem  in, 
wall  in,  lay  siege  to. 

Encore,  ad.    [Fr.]    Again,  once  more. 

Encounter,  «.  I.  Meeting,  rencounter,  clash, 
collision. 

2.  Attack,  onset,  assault. 

3.  Conflict,  combat,  fight,  contest,  battle,  en- 
gagement, action,  skirmish,  brush,  aflEair. 

Encoimter,  v.  a.  I.  Meet  {suddenly),  meet  face 
to  face. 

2.  Confront,  face. 

3.  Meet  with,  fall  upjon,  come  upon. 

4.  Attack,  engage  with,  contend  against,  join 
battle  with,  cope  with,  compete  with,  struggle 
with,  strive  with,  fight  with. 

Encounter,  v.  «.  Clash,  skirmish,  rencounter, 
fight,  come  into  collision. 

£ncourag:e,  v.  a.  I.  Embolden,  inspirit,  animate, 
enhearten,  hearten,  stimulate,  cheer,  mcite,  as- 
sure, reassure,  comfort,  console,  Ijuoy  up. 

2.  Support,  favor,  countenance,  further,  ad- 
vance, promote,  foster,  aid,  help,  abet,  patron- 
ize, help  forward. 

Encourager,  «.  Favorer,  promoter,  supporter, 
patron. 

Encroach,  v.  n.  I.  Trespass,  intrude,  infringe, 
trench,  make  inroad,  make  invasion. 

2.  Creep,  advance  stealthily,  overtake 
unawares. 

Encroachment,  n.  Infringement,  trespass,  in- 
road, invasion. 

Encumber,  v.  a.  I.  Load,  clog,  oppress,  impede, 
hinder,  obstruct,  overload,  burden. 

2.  Embarrass,  perplex,  entangle,  involve, 
complicate. 


Encumbrance,  «•     [Written   also   Incumbrance. l 

1.  Load,   clog,  impediment,  hindrance,  dead- 
weight, drag. 

2.  Debt,  claim,  liability. 

Encyclic,     \a.    Circular,   addressed  to  the  dr- 
Eucyclical,  i      cuit  (of  churches,  officicds,  etc.). 
EncycUc,     i  «.    Circular  letter  {especially  of  the 
Encyclical,  /     Pope). 
Encyclopaedia,  «.    Cyclopaedia. 
Encyclopzedian,  a.    See  Encyclopedic. 
Encyclopedic,     la.    That   embraces  the   whole 
Encyclopedical,  j      circle  of  learning,  all-embrac- 
ing, comprehensive,  exhaustive,  encyclopedian. 
Encysted,  a.     Enclosed  in  a  cyst  or  sac. 
End,  n.     I.   Extremity,  extreme  point. 

2.  Close,  cessation,  period,  expiration,  ^noi^fy 
finis,  last,  fall  of  the  curtain. 

3.  Conclusion,  completion. 

4.  Termination,  bound,  limit. 

5.  Final  state,  ultimate  condition. 

6.  Result,  event,  consequence,  sequel,  up- 
shot, (final)  issue. 

7.  Fragment,  scrap,  remnant 

8.  Aim,  purpose,  object,  design,  drift,  bearing, 
intent,  intention,  view,  final  cause. 

End,  V.  a.     I.   Terminate,  conclude,  finish,  close, 
put  an  end  to,  bring  to  an  end,  make  an  end  of, 
cut  short,  wind  up. 
2.   Destroy,  kill,  put  to  death. 

End,  V.  n.     I,   Conclude,  terminate,  cease,  be  fin- 
ished, come  to  an  end,  come  to  a  close,  wind  up. 
2.  Close,  conclude  a  discourse,  cease  speaking. 

Endanger,  v.  a.  Hazard,  risk,  peril,  jeopardize, 
commit,  compromise,  expose  to  danger,  put  at 
hazard,  put  in  peril,  put  in  jeopardy. 

Endear,  v.  a.  Attach,  make  dear,  secure  the 
affection  of,  bind  by  ties  of  affection,  gain  the 
love  of. 

Endearment,  «.  I.  Endearing,  attaching,  attach- 
ment, making  dear. 

2.  Fondness,  tenderness,  attachment,  love, 
tender  affection,  close  tie,  fond  attachment. 

3.  Caressing,  caress,  blandishment,  fondling. 
Endeavor,  «.     Effort,  attempt,  essay,  trial,  strug- 
gle, exertion,  aim. 

Endeavor,  v.  n.  Try,  attempt,  essay,  labor,  strive, 
aim,  make  an  effort,  make  an  attempt- 

indemiSa,  }  "•     ^^''''^    Of  a  particular  district. 

Endemic,  «.     {Med. )    Endemic  disease. 

Endless,  a.  I.  Interminable,  illimitable,  unlim- 
ited, boundless,  limitless,  immeasurable,  infinite, 
without  end  or  limit  or  bound. 

2.  Eternal,  everlasting,  perpetual,  unending, 
never-ending,  without  end. 

3.  Uninterrupted,  incessant,  ceaseless,  unceas- 
ing, perpetual,  continual,  continuous,  eternal, 
without  break  or  interruption. 

4.  Immortal,  undying,  deathless,  ever-living, 
ever-enduring,  never-dying,  imperishable,  eter- 
nal enduring  forever. 

5.  Objectless,  without  purpose  or  design. 
Endorse,  v.  a.     [Written  also  Indorsees     I.   Su- 
perscribe, write  on  tlie  back  of. 

2.  {Com.)  Guarantee  {ly  superscription) ^ 
become  surety  for,  become  responsible  for. 

3.  Sanction,  warrant,  confirm,  ratify,  guarantee, 
vouch  for. 

Endosmose,   I  «.    Inward    osmose,    transudation 
Endosmosis,  |      inward. 

Endow,  V.  a.  I.  Furnish  with  a  dowry,  settle  a 
dower  upon. 

2.  Furnish  with  a  fund,  supply  with  means. 

3.  Enrich,  endue,  indue,  invest,  gift. 
Endowment,  «.     I.  Gift,  grant,  bequest,  boon, 

largess,  bounty,  present. 
2.  Property,  fund,  revenue. 


ENDUE 


144 


ENJOY 


3.  Talent,  faculty,  quality,  power,  ability, 
capacity,  capability,  aptitude,  parts,  genius, 
qualilication,  gift. 

Endue,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Indue.^  Supply,  in- 
vest, clothe,  endow,  enrich. 

Endurable,  a.     Tolerable,  bearable. 

Endurance,  n.  I.  Bearing,  suffering,  sufferance, 
tolerance,  toleration. 

2.  Patience,  fortitude,  resignation. 

3.  Continuance,  continuation,  lastingness, 
permanence,  persistence. 

Endure,  v.  a.  I.  Bear,  sustain,  support,  bear  up 
under. 

2.  Suffer,  undergo,  experience,  go  through. 

3.  Brook,  tolerate,  abide,  submit  to,  put  up 
with,  bear  with,  take  patiently  or  easily. 

Endure,   v.   n.       I.   Remain,    continue,    persist, 

last,  abide,  be  permanent,  be  durable. 
2.   Bear,  suffer,  submit,  resign  one's  self,  be 

patient,  take  it  patiently,  take  it  easily  <>r quietly, 

not  fret  about  it. 
Enema,   «.     {Med.)    Clyster,    glyster,    injection, 

lavement. 
Enemy,  «.     I.   Foe,  adversary. 

2.  Opponent,  antagonist. 

3.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Satan,  arch-fiend. 
See  Devil. 

Energetic,  a.  Vigorous,  active,  forcible,  power- 
ful,  strong,   effective,  efficacious,   potent. 

Energize,  v.  n.     I.  Act,  be  active,  be  in  action  or 
operation,  operate. 
2.    Act  with  vigor,  act  forcibly. 

Energize,  v.  a.  Give  energy  to,  give  force  to,  ex- 
cite to  action. 

Energy,  n  I.  Force,  power,  might,  efficacy, 
potency,  efficiency,  strength,  activity,   intensity. 

2.  Spirit,  spiritedness,  animation,  life,  vigor, 
manliness,  zeal,  pluck,  bottom,  animal  spirits. 

3.  {Mech.)  Capacity  of  work,  mechanical 
value,  vis  viva. 

Enervate,  v.  a.  Unnervey  weaken,  enfeeble, 
effeminate,  effeminize,  emasculate,  debilitate, 
paralyze,  break,  deprive  of  force  or  strength, 
render  feeble. 

EufeeUe,  v.  a.  Weaken,  unnerve.  See  Ener- 
vate. 

Enfilade,  v.  a.    {Mil.)    Rake  with  shot. 

Enforce,  v.  a.  I.  Give  force  to,  urge  with 
energy,  set  forth  strongly,  impress  on  the  mind. 

2.  Put  in  execution,  put  in  force,  compel 
obedience  to,  have  executed  or  obeyed. 

3.  Constrain,  compel,  oblige,  force,  require. 
Enforcement,  «.     I.   Inculcation. 

2.  Sanction. 

3.  Execution,  putting  in  force. 

4.  Constraint,  compulsion. 
EnfrancMse,   v.  a.      I.    Admit    as  a  free  man, 

endow  with   a  franchise. 

2.   Free,   emancipate,    manumit,  release,   set 
free,  make  free,  restore  to  liberty. 
Engage,  v.  a.     l.   Pledge,  commit,  promise,  bind, 
put  under  pledge. 

2.  Plight,  affiance,  betroth,  promise  or  pledge 
in  marriage. 

3.  Enlist,  induce  to  serve. 

4.  Gain,  win,  attach,  attract,  allure,  entertain, 
draw,  fix,  arrest,  gain  over. 

5.  Occupy,  employ,  busy,  engross. 

6.  Attack,  encounter,  fight  with,  join  battle 
with. 

Engage,  v.n.  I.  Fight,  combat,  contend,  strug- 
gle, contest,  join  battle. 

2.  Embark,  enlist,  take  the  first  step. 

3.  Promise,  agree,  stipulate,  bargain,  under- 
take, pledge  one's  word,  plight  one's  word,  pass 
one's  word,  pledge  one's  self,  become  bound, 
be  sworn,  take  upon  one's  self. 


Engagement,  n,     I.   Promise,  stipulation,  assur- 
ance, contract,  pledge,  obligation. 

2.  Plighting,  betrothal,  betrothment,  affiancing. 

3.  Employment,  occupation,  business,  calling, 
vocation,  avocation. 

4.  Battle,  conflict,    combat,   contest,    action, 
fight,  encounter,  rencounter. 

Engaging,  a.      Attractive,    winning,    captivating, 

charming,   taking,   pleasing. 
Engender,  v.  a.     I.   Generate,  beget,  procreate, 

breed. 
2.   Produce,  cause,  occasion,  beget,  generate, 

breed,  give  rise  to,  call  forth. 
Engine,  n.     I.   Machine. 

2.   Implement,    instrument,    weapon,    agent, 

means. 
Enginery,  «.    I.   Engines,  machines,  {especially) 

artillery. 

2.  Mechanism,    machinery,    mechanical  con- 
trivances. 

3.  Contrivances,   schemes,  devices,  machina- 
tions, artifices,  system  of  artifice. 

Engird,   v.  a.     Surround,   environ,  gird,   begird, 

encircle,  encompass. 
English,  n.     I.   English  people. 
2.   English  language. 


Engorge,  v.  a.     I.   Gorge,   devour,  swallow  up, 
ly,  gulp  down. 
2.    {Med.)    Fillto  excess,  stuff,  glut,  obstruct. 


swallow  eagerl; 


Engorge,  v.  n.    Devour  food,  feed  greedily,  be 

gluttonous. 
Ei^orgement,  n.     I.    Engorging. 

2.  {Med.)    Congestion,  obstruction,  plethora, 

plethoric  condition,  over-fulness. 
Engrain,  v.  a.     [Written  also  Ingrain.'\    I.  Dye 

in  the  grain,  dye  deep. 

2.  Incorporate  with  the  grain,  lodge  in  the 
very  fibre. 

3.  Grain,  paint  in  imitation  of  wood. 
Engrave,   v.  a.      I.     Mark  with   incisions,   cut, 

chisel,  carve,  grave. 
2.   Imprint,  infix,  grave,  impress  deeply. 
Engraving,   «.      I.   Cutting,  carving,  chiselling, 
incising,  marking  with  incisions. 

2.  Engraver's  art,  graver's  art. 

3.  Engraved  plate. 

4.  Print. 

Engross,  v.  a.  I.  Absorb,  engage,  occupy,  take 
up. 

2.  Monopolize,  forestall.  _ 

3.  Copy  in  large  hand,  write  out  fair. 
Engrossment,    n.      I.    Absorption,      monopoly, 

forestalling. 
2.   Engrossed  copy. 

Engulf,  V.  a.  [Written  also  Jngulf.l  Absorb, 
swallow  up. 

Enhance,   v.  a.      I.   Raise  {as  frice),  advance, 
heighten,  swell. 
2.   Increase,  augment,  aggravate. 

Enhearten^  v.  a.  Encourage,  embolden,  animate, 
hearten,  inspirit,  cheer,  incite,  stimulate,  assure, 
reassure,  comfort,  console,  buoy  up. 

Enigma,  «.  Riddle,  puzzle,  dark  saying,  obscure 
question. 

Enigmatic,     )  a.    Obscure,    mysterious,    mystic, 

Enigmatical, )  mystical,  dark,  occult,  recon- 
dite, ambiguous,  hidden,  unintelligible,  incom- 
prehensible, puzzling,  perplexing. 

Enjoin,  v.  a.  I.  Urge  or  admonish  or  advise 
with  authority  or  authoritatively. 

2.  Order,  direct,  bid,  command,  require,  pre- 
scribe to. 

3.  {Law.)    Prohibit,  restrain,  put  an  injunc- 
tion on. 

Enjoy,  V.  a.  [With  a  personal  object  only  in 
sense  3.]  I.  Take  pleasure  in,  be  delighted 
with,  take  delight  in,  derive  pleasure  fi-om. 


ENJOYMENT 


145 


ENTANGLE 


r 


2.  Have  fruition  of,  have  the  advantage  or 
blessing  of. 

3.  Have  sexual  delight  with,  have  intercourse 
with. 

Enjoyment,  n.    I.  Pleasure,  gratification,  delight, 

happiness. 
2.   Fruition,  satisfactory  or  advantageous  or 

beneficent  possession. 
Enjoy  one's  self.     Be  happy,  have  pleasure. 
Enkindle,  v.  a.     I.   Inflame,  ignite,  kindle,  set  on 

fire. 
2.   Inflame,  incite,    excite,    rouse,    stimulate, 

instigate,  provoke,  stir  up,  set  on. 
Enlargfe,   v.   a.      I.   Increase,  augment,   extend, 

expand,  magnify,  amplify,    make    larger,    make 

greater. 
2.  Greaten,  engreaten,  ennoble,  expand,  give 

larger  scope  to,  make  more  comprehensive. 
Enlarge,  v.  n.      I.    Expatiate,  dilate,  descant, 

speak  at  length,  launch  out. 
2.   Increase,    swell,    grow,    extend,     expand, 

grow  larger. 
Enlars:ement,  n.    I.   Expansiot),  dilatation,  dila- 
tion, extension,  augmentation,  increase. 
2.   Expatiation,    copious    discourse,  extended 

remark. 
EnUghten,  v.  a.    I.   Illuminate,  illume,  illumine, 

irradiate,   make    light,  make    luminous,   supply 

with  light. 
2.   Instruct,  inform,  teach,  make  intelligent, 

render  more  intelligent. 
Enlightened,  a.     Instructed,  informed,  educated, 

intelligent,  refined,  highly  civilized,   freed  from 

ignorance. 
Enliglltennient,  «.     Instruction,  illumination. 
Enlist,  V.  a.     I.   Enroll,  register,  record,  list 

2.  Engage,  induce  to  serve,  secure  the  assist- 
ance of. 

3.  Engage  for  military  or  naval  service,  enroll 
in  the  army  or  navy,  recruit. 

Enlist,  V.  n.     I.   List,  enroll  one's  celf. 

2.  Embark,  engage,  pledge  one's  assistance. 

3.  Take  service  in  the  army  or  navy,  enroll 
one's  self  in  the  army  or  navy. 

Enlistment,  n.     I.   Enrolment. 

2.  Taking    or    going    into    military    service, 

recruiting. 
Enliven,  s'.  <x.    I.  Quicken,  animate,  wake,  rouse, 

invigorate,  give  life  to. 
2.   Inspire,  inspirit,  exhilarate,  cheer,  delight, 

gladden. 
En  masse.    [Fr.]     Altogether,  in  a   mass,  in  a 

body. 
Enmity,  n.     Animosity,   hatred,  hate,  hostility, 

aversion,  malignity,  malice,  malevolence,  rancor, 

bitterness,  ill-will. 
Ennoble,  v.  a.     I,   Raise  to  nobility,  raise  to  the 

peerage. 
2.   Exalt,  dignify,   elevate,  raise,  aggrandize, 

enlarge,  engreaten,  greaten. 
Ennui,  ».     [Fr.]     Listlessness  (yZ^r  «/««/ ^ <»ff«- 

Pation),  languor,  tedium,   lassitude,  wearisome- 

ness,  tiresomeness,  irksomeness. 
Ennuye,  a.     [Fr.]     Listless,  bored. 
Enormity,     n.       I.    Atrociousness,      depravity, 

atrocity,    flagitiousness,    heinousness,  nefarious- 

ness,  outrageousness,  wickedness. 
2.   Atrocious  crime,  flagitious  villany. 
Enormous,  a.     I.  {Rare.)    Inordinate,  irregular, 

abnormal,  exceptional. 

2.  Huge,  monstrous,  immense,  vast,  gigantic, 
colossal,  prodigious,  Cyclopean,  Herculean,  ele- 
phantine, very  large. 

3.  Flagitious,  atrocious,  heinous,  nefarious, 
outrageous,  depraved,  very  wicked. 

Enough,  «.     Sufficiency,  plenty,  quantum  sufficii. 
Enough*  a.    See  Sufficient. 


Enough,  ad.  Sufficiently,  satisfactorily,  to  sat- 
isfaction. 

Enounce,  v.  a.  {_Rare.)  Declare,  enunciate,  an- 
nounce, publish,  proclaim,  promulgate,  state, 
propound,  make  known. 

En  passant.  [I'r.]  In  passing,  by  the  way.  by 
the  bye. 

Enquire,  v.  a,  [Written  also  and  usually  Ittguire] 
Ask,  ask  about. 

Enquire,  v.  n.     [Or  Inquire.]    I.  Ask,  question, 
seek  information  {by  questioning),  make  inquiry. 
2.    Make  investigation,  make  examination. 

Enrage,  v.  a.  Irritate,  exasperate,  incense,  mad- 
den, infuriate,  provoke,  inflame,  chafe,  anger, 
make  furious,  excite  to  rage,  aggravate 
{colloq. ). 

Enrapture,  v.  a.  Enchant,  entrance,  enravish, 
transport,  beatify,  delight  surpassingly. 

Enchant.    See  Enrapture. 


Rapture,  ecstasy,   transport, 


Enravish, 
Enravlshment, 

ravishment. 

Enrich,    v.    a.      I.    Endow,    make   rich,    make 
wealthy  or  affluent  or  opulent. 

2.  Fertilize,  make  productive. 

3.  Store,  supply  abundantly. 

4.  Adorn,    decorate,    deck,    ornament,     em- 
bellish. 

Enrichment,  «.     I.   Enriching.     See  the  verb. 
2.   Adornment,  decoration,    ornament,    orna- 
mentation, embellishment. 
Enrohe,  v.  a.    Dress,  clothe,  invest,  attire,  array, 

apparel,  robe. 
Enroll,  V.  a.     I.    Enlist,  list,  register. 

2.   Record,  chronicle. 
En  route.    [Fr.]    On  the  way,   on  the  road,  in 

transit. 
Ensanguine,  v.  a.     Stain  with  blood,  redden  {with 

blood),  incarnadine. 
Ensconce,   v.   a.      Shelter,   cover,  shield,  secure, 

screen,  hide,  protect,  harbor. 
Ensconce  one's  self.    Hide,  conceal  one's  self, 

take  shelter,  shelter  one's  self. 
Ensemble,  n.    [Fr.]      The  whole,  tout  ensemble^ 

effect,  total  effect,  general  impression. 
Enshrine,  v.  a.     I.   Enclose  in  a  shrine. 

2.   Preserve   {as  something  sacred)^  embalm, 

treasure,  cherish,  keep  unimpaired. 
Ensiform,  a.     Sword-shaped. 
Ensign,  «.     I.   Banner,  standard  colors,  streamer, 

flag,  pennon,  gonfalon. 

2.  Symbol,  sign,  signal. 

3.  Badge,    distinctive  mavk,    mark    of    dis- 
tinction. 

Enslave,  v.  a.     I.   Reduce  to  bondage,  deprive  of 
liberty,  make  a  slave  of. 

2.  Overpower,  master,  cvermaster,  subjugate, 
dominate. 

Ensnare,  v.  a.    [Written  also  Insnare.]    I.  En- 
trap, catch. 

2.  Inveigle,  allure,  seduce. 

3.  Entangle,  embarrass,  encumber. 

Ensue,  v.  «.     I.   Follow,  succeed,  come  after,  be 

subsequent. 
2.   Issue,  arise,    spring,    flow,    come,    result, 

proceed,  be  derived. 
Ensure,  v.  a.    Make  secure,  render  certain,  make 

sure. 
Entail,  v.  a.     I.   Transfer  (by  inalienable  title), 

settle  inalienably,  make  incapable  of  conveyance. 
2.   Transmit  {by    necessity),  fix    unalterably, 

devolve  as   a   necessary   consequence,    involve 

inevitably. 
Entangle,  v.  a.    I.   Ensnare,  entrap,  catch,  in- 
volve in  complication. 

2.  Confuse  {by  twisting  or  crossing),  inter- 
twine, intertwist,  interweave,  tangle,  knot,  mat 

3.  Perplex,  embarrass,  encumber,  ensnare. 


10 


ENTANGLEMENT 


146 


ENUNCIATE 


4.  Puzzle,  bewilder,  catch,  perplex,  involve  in 
contradictions. 

Entanglement,  «.  I.  Intricacy,  involution, 
complication. 

2.  Perplexity,  embarrassment,  confusion, 
bewilderment. 

Entelechy,  «.  ^Peripatetic philosophy. '\  I.  Actu- 
ality (af  distinguished frotn  potential  existence).^ 
complete  realization,  ideal  reality,  perfection, 
attainment  of  end,  utter  fulfilment. 

2.  Self-completed  being,  thing  complete  in 
itself,  realized  ideal,  perfected  or  perfect  being, 
absolute  actuality,  ideal  reality,  monad. 

Enter,  v.  a.  I.  Go  into,  come  into,  pierce, 
penetrate. 

2.  Record,  register,  enroll,  inscribe,  note,  set 
down,  chronicle,  jot  down,  take  down. 

3.  Insert,  set  in. 

4.  Begin,  commence,  commence  upon. 

5.  Engage  in,  enlist  in,  embark  m,  join,  be- 
come a  member  of 

6.  {Law.)    Take  possession  of,  take  up. 

7.  (Law.)  Put  before  the  court,  put  on  the 
records  of  the  court. 

Enter,  v,  «.     I.    Come  in,  go  in,  pass  in. 

2.    Embark,  enlist,  be  initiated. 
Enter  into.     I.   Penetrate,  pierce,  perforate. 

2.  Form  a  part  of,  be  a  component  or  con- 
stituent in. 

3.  Share,  participate  in,  be  a  partaker  of. 

4.  Sympathize  with. 

Enterprise,  «.  I.  Undertaking,  adventure,  ven- 
ture, attempt,  effort,  essay,  endeavor,  cause. 

2.  Energy,  activity,  adventurousness,  willing- 
ness to  make  ventures  or  essay  difficulties. 

Enterprising,  a.  I.  Adventurous,  venturesome, 
venturous,  dashing,  daring,  audacious,  bold. 

2.  Active,  prompt,  alert,  stirring,  adventur- 
ous, smart,  energetic,  efficient,  spirited,  zealous, 
strenuous,  eager,  on  the  alert,  in  earnest,  willing 
to  make  ventures,  prompt  to  undertake  diffi- 
culties. 

Entertain,  v.  a.  I.  Lodge,  treat  hospitably, 
show  hospitality  to,  receive  as  a  guest. 

2.  Hold,  cherish,  harbor. 

3.  Take  into  consideration,  consider. 

4.  Divert,  amuse,  please. 

Entertainer,  «.    Host. 

Entertainment,  ».     I.  Hospitable  treatment. 

2.  Feast,  banquet,  treat,  festival,  collation. 

3.  Amusement,  diversion,  recreation,  pastime. 
Enter  upon.     Begin,   commence,    take   the    first 

steps  in. 

Enthrall,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Inthrall.']  I,  En- 
slave, reduce  to  servitude,  put  under  restraint, 
make  a  thrall  or  slave  or  bondsman  of. 

2.  Enslave,  overpower,  overmaster,  enchain, 
put  in  bondage  {morally). 

Enthralment,  «.  [Written  also  Inthralment.'] 
Enslavement,  servitude,  slavery,  bondage,  vas- 
salage, serfdom,  thraldom,  captivity. 

Enthrone,  v.  a.     I.    Invest  with  sovereign  power, 
seat  upon  the  throne. 
2.    Exalt,  elevate,  raise  to  superiority. 

Enthusiasm,  «.  I.  Ecstasy  (from  a  belief  of 
being  inspired),  fanaticism,  religious  frenzy. 

2.  Ardor,  zeal,  warmth,  earnestness,  passion, 
devotion. 

3.  Heat  of  imagination,  mental  excitement. 
Entlinsiast,  n.    I.    Fanatic,  devotee,  bigot,  zealot, 

religious  madman. 

2.  Zealot,  visionary,  dreamer,  castle- 
builder. 

^ffiSti^,}-    I-    Fanatical,  bigoted. 

2.  Visionary,  extravagant. 

3.  Ardent,  earnest,  vehement,  zealous,  fervent, 


fervid,   burning,    flaming,  glowing,    passionate, 

impassioned. 
Entice,  v.  a.     Allure  (to  evil),  lure,  attract,  decoy, 

seduce,  tempt,  coax,  inveigle,  wheedle,  cajole, 

persuade,  lead  astrav. 
Enticement,    n.      Allurement,    lure,     attraction, 

temptation,  decoy,  bait,  seduction,  inveiglement, 

inducement,  persuasion. 
Entire,  a.      I.    Whole,    complete,    perfect,    un- 
divided, unbroken,  undiminished,  unimpaired. 

2.  Full,  complete,  plenary,  thorough,  un- 
alloyed. 

3.  Mere,  sheer,  pure,  unmixed,  unmingled, 
unmitigated,  unalloyed. 

4.  (Bot.)  With  even  margins,  not  toothed, 
not  notched. 

Entire,  «.     Porter,  stout. 

Entireness,   «.      I.    NVholeness,    completeness, 
totality,  integrity,   entirety. 
2.    Fulness,  completeness,  thoroughness. 

Entirety,  «.     I.  Wholeness.     See  Entireness. 
2.   Whole,  sum  total,  entire  amount,  undimin- 
ished quantity. 

Entitle,  v-  a.  I.  Name,  designate,  denominate, 
style,  call,  dub,  christen.     See  Title. 

2.  Give  a  claim  to,  give  a  right  to,  qualify  for, 
fit  for. 

Entity,  «.     Being,  existence,  essence. 

Entomb,  V.  a.     Bury,  inhume,  inter. 

Entombment,  n.  Burial,  interment,  inhumation, 
sepulture. 

Entrails,  «.  pi.  Intestines,  bowels,  viscera,  in- 
wards, guts. 

Entrance,  «.     I.   Ingress,  access. 

2.  Entry,  inlet,  mouth,  avenue,  adit,  passage, 
door,  gate,  portal. 

3.  Beginning,  commencement,  initiation, 
introduction. 

Entrance,  v.  a.  Charm,  enchant,  enrapture,  de- 
light, transport,  ravish,  throw  into  ecstasies, 
surpassingly  delight. 

Entrap,  v.  a.     I.  Ensnare,  catch. 

2.  Inveigle,  seduce,  allure,  entice. 

3.  Entangle,  involve,  perplex,  embarrass, 
stagger,  pose,  nonplus,  catch  m  difiEculties,  in- 
volve in  contradictions. 

Entreat,  v.  a.  Beg,  crave,  beseech,  implore, 
supplicate,  solicit,  pray,  importune,  petition, 
enjoin,  appeal  to,  prefer  a  prayer  to.  See 
Adjure. 

Entreaty,  «.  Supplication,  prayer,  petition,  suit, 
solicitation,  appeal,  importunity.  See  Adjura- 
tion. 

Entree,  n.    [Fr.]    I.  Admittance,  admission,  free 
access. 
2.    Made  dish,  side  dish,  entretnet. 

Entremets,  «.  //•     [Fr.]     Side  dishes. 

Entre  nons.  [Fr.]  Confidentially,  privately,  in 
confidence,  between  ourselves,  between  you  and 
me,  under  the  rose,  sub  rosa. 

Entrepot,  «.  [Fr.]  Magazine,  warehouse,  store- 
house. 

Entry,  n.     I.   Ingress,  entrance,  access. 

2.  Passage  (into  a  house),  avenue,  inlet,  hall. 

3.  Record,  note,  minute,  memorandum. 
Entwine,  v.  a.    [Written  also /«rtt;zw.]  I.  Twine, 

twist  together. 
2.   Encircle,  surround,  embrace,  wind  about, 

wind  around. 
Enumerate,    v.    a.     Reckon,    compute,    count, 

number,  tell,  cite,  recount,  numerate,  call  over, 

relate  in  detail,  mention  one  by  one,  specify. 
Entimeration,   n.     I.    Numbering,    computation, 

citation,    mention,    detailed    account,     separate 

mention,  specification. 
2.   (Rket  )    Recapitulation,  summing-up. 
Enunciate,   v.  a.     I.   Declare,   speak,    proclaim, 


ENUNCIATE 


147 


EQUALITY 


publish,   express,  relate,  promulgate,  »tate,  pro- 
pound, announce,  enounce. 
2.   Utter,  pronounce,  articulate. 

Enunciate,  v.  n.    Articulate,  speak,  utter  articu- 
late sounds. 

Enonciation,    n.    I.   Declaration,   utterance,  ex- 
pression, announcement. 
2.   Elocution,  articulation,  manner  of  utterance. 

Enunciatiye,  a.  Declarative,  expressive,  declara- 
tory, enunciatory. 

Enunciatory.  a.  Declarative,  enunciative,  ex- 
pressive, declaratory. 

Enare,  v.  n.  [Written  also  and  usually  Inure.} 
(Law.)    Be  applied,  come  into  use,  take  effect. 

Envelop,  v.  a.  I,  Enfold,  inwrap,  wrap,  fold, 
wrap  up,  put  a  wrapper  about. 

2.   Surround,  encircle,  encompass,  enfold,  fold, 
cover,  hide. 

Envelop,  «•    See  Envelops. 

Envelope,  «.  [Fr.]  I.  Wrapper,  covering,  case, 
capsule. 

2.  {Fort.)    Mound  (to  cover  a  weak  part). 

3.  (Astron.)    Coma. 

Envenom,  v.  a.     I.   Poison,  taint  with  venom. 

2.  Embitter,  taint  with  malice,  fill  with  hate, 
render  malignant. 

3.  Enrage,  exasperate,  incense,  provoke,  irri- 
tate, madden,  aggravate,  inflame,  make  furious. 

Enviable,  a.    Desirable,  to  be  envied. 

Envious,  a.     I.  Jealous,  disposed  to  envy. 
2.  Grudging. 

Enviousness,  n.    See  Envy,  h. 

Environ,  v.  a.    I.   Surround,  encompass,  encircle, 
envelop,  gird,  beg;ird,  engird,  belt,  enclose. 
2.   Invest,  besiege,  beset,  encompass. 

Environs,  «.  pi.   Neighborhood,  vicinity,  vicinage. 

Envoy,  «.  Minister,  ambassador,  legate,  plenipo- 
tentiary. 

Envy,  V.  a.  I.  Hate  {for  excellence  or  success), 
view  with  jealousy,  feel  ill-will  toward. 

2.  Grudge,  begrudge. 

3.  Be  discontented  at,  repine  at    {another's 
prosperity). 

4.  Long  for,  earnestly  desire,  desire  eagerly 
and  emulously,  emulate. 

Envy,  «.  I.  Hate  (on  account  of  excellence  or 
success),  hatred,  jealousy,  spite,  enviousness,  ill- 
will. 

2.  Grudging,  grudge. 

3.  Object  of  envy,  person  to  be  envied. 
Ephemeral,  a.     Short-lived,  transitory,  transient, 

fleeting,   flitting,  evanescent,  fugitive,  fugacious, 
momentary,  brief. 

Ephemeris,  «.  [Gr.  pi.  EpAemerides.]  I.  Jour- 
nal, diary. 

2.     (Astron.)     Astronomical     almanac      or 
calendar. 

Epic,  a.    Narrative,  heroia 

Epic,  «.    Narrative,  poem,  epic  poem,  heroic  poem. 

Epicedian,  I  **     E^^*^,  mournful,  funereal. 

Epicedium,  «.  Elegy,  dirge,  lament,  mournful 
song,  funeral  song. 

Epicure,  n.  I.  Gourmand,  gourmet,  refined 
glutton,  dainty  feeder,  high  liver,  gustatory  sen- 
sualist, voluptuary  of  the  palate. 

2.  Voluptuary,  sensualist.  Sybarite,  Epicurean, 
free  liver,  man  of  pleasure. 

Epicurean,  «.     I.   See  Epicurk,  a. 

2.    Adherent   of     Epicurus,    hedonist,    eudae- 
monist. 

Epicureanism,  «.  Doctrines  of  Epicurus,  Epico- 
rism,  hedonism,  eudaemonism. 

Epicurism,  «.  I.  Sensuality,  luxury,  luxurious 
living,  free  living.   Sybaritism. 

2     Doctrines  of  Epicurus,  Epicureanism,  hedo- 
nism, eudajmonism. 


Epidemic,     )  a.    General,   prevailing,  prevalent. 
Epidemical, )      pandemic. 
Epidermis,  «.    I.  Cuticle,  scarf-skin. 

2.   (Bot.)    Exterior  coating. 
Epigrammatic,      \a.    Concise,     laconic,     terse, 
Epigrammatical, )      pointed,  antithetic,  poignant, 

piquant,  sharp,  pungent. 
Epilepsy,  n.    Falling  sickness. 
Epiphany,   n.     I.    Manifestation,  appearance  (es- 
pecially that  of  Christ  by  the  star  which  guided 
the  Magi  to  Bethlehem). 

2.    {Eccl)     Festival  of  the  Epiphany,  6th  of 
January. 
Epiphyte, «.     Air-plant 
Epiploon,  ».     {Anat.)    Omentum,  caul. 
Episcopacy,  n.     Episcopalianism,  prelacy. 
Episcopal,  a.     Episcopalian. 
Episcopalian,  a.     Episcopal. 
Episcopalian,  «.     Churchman,  believer  in  episco- 
pacy or  prelacy. 
Episcopalianism,  n.    Episcopacy. 
Episcopate,   n.     I.   Bishopric,  office  of  a  bishop, 
dignity  of  a  bishop. 
2.    Body  of  bishops. 
Episode,  n.    I.   Digression,  incidental  narrative. 

2.    Incidental  event. 
Epistle,   n.     I.   Letter,  note,  written  communica- 
tion. 
2.   Letter,  missive,  apostolical  letter. 
Epistyle,  «.     {Arch.)    Architrave. 
Epitaph,  «.    Inscription  {on  a  tomb  or  monument), 

lapidary  composition. 
Epithalamlum,  n.    Nuptial  song,  marriage  poem. 
Epithet,  n.      Name,  appellation,  designation,  title, 
qualifying  word  or  term,  descriptive  term,  predi- 
cate. 
Epitome,     «.     Abridgment,    abstract,    compend, 
compendium,    conspectus,   syllabus,  brief,  brev- 
iary,  summary,   synopsis,  digest,  sum  and  sub- 
stance. 
Epitomist.  «.     Abridger,   epitomizer,  summarizer, 

writer  of  an  epitome. 
Epitomize,  v.  a.     Abridge,    abstract,   summarize, 
abbreviate,  shorten,  condense,  reduce,  contract, 
make  an  abstract  of. 
Epitomizer,  n.    See  Epitomist. 
Epoch,  n.     Period,  date,  era,  age,  point  or  period 

of  time  {remarkable  for  some  event). 
Eponym,  n.     I.    Surname,  cognomen. 
2.   Mythical  name. 

Epopee,     \        ^  . 

Epopcda,  )  "•     *'P*'^  poem,  epic  story,  epos. 

^OS,  n.     Epic  poem  or  story,  epopee. 

Epsom-salts,  «.  //.     Sulphate  of  magnesia. 

Equahility,  «.  Evenness,  uniformity,  equable- 
ness, serenitv,  unruffled  character,  calmness. 

Equable,  a.  Even,  uniform,  equal,  steady,  regular, 
even-tempered,  always  the  same. 

Equableness,  «.  Evenness,  equability,  serenity, 
unruffled  character. 

Eqtial,  a.  I.  Like,  alike,  tantamount,  equivalent; 
of  the  same  extent,  measure,  degree,  or  value, 
identical  in  quantity  or  value. 

2.  Of  the  same  rank. 

3.  Uniform,  even,  regular,  equable. 

4.  Impartial,   unbiassed,   equitable,  fair,  just, 
even-handed. 

5.  Proportionate,  commensurate, 

6.  Adequate,  competent,  fit,  sufficient,  of  suffi- 
cient strength  or  ability. 

Equal,  «.     Peer,  compeer,  fellow. 

Equal,  V.  a.    I.   Equalize,  make  equal,  make  alike. 

2.  Rival,  rise  to  the  same  level  with. 

3.  Be  adequate  to,  be  sufficient  for,  be  eqtial 
to.  be  commensurate  with. 

Eqtiality,  ».  I.  Likeness,  identity  in  quantity, 
identical  value. 


EQUALIZE 


148 


ERRATA 


2.  Uniformity,  evenness. 

3.  Sameness  of  rank,  co-equality. 
Equalize,    v.    a.    Equal,    make     equal,     make 

alike. 

EQuanimity,  «.  Evenness  of  mind  or  temper, 
steadiness  of  disposition,  calmness,  serenity,  self- 
possession,  peace,  unruffled  temper,  undisturbed 
feeling. 

Equate,  v.  a.    I.  Make  equal,  set  equal  to  (each 
other). 
2.  Average,  reduce  to  an  average. 

Equator,    n.      I.    Equinoctial,    equinoctial    line, 
celestial  equator. 
2.  Terrestrial  equator,  the  Line. 

Equestrian,  n.     I.   Horseman,  rider. 

2.  Knight,  cavalier,  chevalier,  horse-soldier, 
chasseur. 

Equestrianism,  n.    Horsemanship. 

Equilibrate,  v.  a.  Keep  in  balance,  maintain  in 
equipoise. 

Equilibrist,  n.  Rope-walker,  balancer.  See 
Acrobat. 

Equilil)rium,  n.  Equipoise,  even  balance,  equal- 
ity of  weight,  equality  of  pressure,  neutralization 
of  forces. 

Equinoctial,  «.   Celestial  equator,  equinoctial  line. 

Equinoctial,  a.     I.   Of  the  equinoctial. 
2.   At  the  time  of  the  equinoxes. 

Equinox,  n.  Equinoctial  point,  intersection  of  the 
equator  and  the  ecliptic. 

Equip,  V.   a.     I.   Furnish,  provide,  arm,  fit  out, 
supply  with  outfits  or  apparatus. 
2.  Dress,  accoutre,  array,  dress  out. 

Equipage,  «.  I.  Apparatus,  equipment,  furniture, 
baggage,  effects,  bag  and  baggage. 

2.  Carriage,  vehicle,  turnout. 

3.  Train,  retinue,  attendance,  procession,  suite. 
Equipment,    «.     Accoutrement,    furniture,    appa- 
ratus, rigging,  gear,  outfit. 

Equipoise,  n.  Equilibrium,  even  balance,  equality 
of  weight. 

Equipollent,  a.  (Rare)  Equivalent,  of  equal 
force,  of  the  same  meaning. 

Equitable,  a.  I.  Upright,  just,  impartial,  un- 
biassed, unprejudiced,  evenhanded. 

2.  Reasonable,  fair,  impartial,  just,  right, 
proper. 

Equity,  «.     I.  Justice,  right. 

2.  Justice,  rectitude,  uprightness,  righteous- 
ness, impartiality,  fairness,  reasonableness,  fair 
play. 

3.  (Law.)  Theoretical  or  ideal  justice,  justice 
{as  distinguished  from  conformity  to  mere  en- 
actments or  statutes),  spirit  of  law  {as  against  its 
tnere  letter). 

4.  {Law.)    Equitable  claim. 
EquiTalence,  I  n.     Essential  or  substantial  equal- 
Equiyalency, )      ity,  parity,  parity  of  value,  equal- 
ity in  result,  amounting  to  the  same  thing. 

Equivalent,  a.  I.  Equal,  commensurate,  tanta- 
mount, equipollent. 

2.  Synonymous,  interchangeable,  equipollent, 
of  the  same  meaning  or  import 

Equivocal,  a.  I.  Ambiguous,  of  doubtful  mean- 
ing, to  be  taken  in  a  double  sense. 

2.  Uncertain,  doubtful,  dubious,  indetermi- 
nate. 

Equivocate,  v.  «.  Quibble,  shuffle,  dodge,  fence, 
palter,  evade  the  truth,  use  equivocal  expressions 
\/or  the  sake  of  deception).     See  Prevaricate. 

Equivocation,    ».     I.    Quibbling,     prevarication, 
evasion,  shuffling,  paltering,  ambiguity  of  speech. 
2.   Quibble,  equivoque,  double  meaning. 

Equivoque, )  «•     Ambiguous     expression,      quib- 

EquiVOke,  j  ble,  equivocation,  equivocal  ex- 
pression, double  meaning,  double-etttendre  (in 
good  sense). 


Era,  n.  I.  Series  or  succession  of  years  (marked 
by  any  administration  or  dispensation). 

2.  Epoch,  period,  date,  age,  period  of  time. 

3.  Point  ot  time  (from  which  dates  are  reck- 
oned), origin  of  dates,  chronological  starting-point. 

Eradicate,  v.  a,    I.   Extirpate,  uproot,  root  out, 
pull  up  by  the  roots. 
2.   Destroy,  exterminate,  annihilate. 

Eradication,  n.  I.  Extirpation,  uprooting,  root- 
ing out. 

2.    Extermination,    destruction,    annihilation, 
excision. 

Erase,  v.  a.  Efface,  obliterate,  expunge,  cancel, 
blot,  scratch  out,  scrape  out,  rub  out,  blot  out, 
rase  (obsolescent). 

Erasure,  «.  Obliteration,  effacing,  expunging, 
cancellation,  cancelling,  scratching  out,  rasure 
(obsolescent). 

Ere,  ad.    (Poetical.)    Before,  sooner  than. 

"Ext^prep.    (Poetical.)    Before,  prior  to. 

Erebus,  «.  [L]  (Myth.)  Hell,  Tartarus,  Hades, 
Avernus,  the  under-world,  the  world  of  the  dead, 
the  grave,  the  abyss,  the  lower  world,  the  in- 
fernal regions,  shades  below,  region  of  darkness, 
Pluto's  realms,  the  Plutonian  shore. 

Erect,  V.  a.     I.  Set  up,  place  upright,  set  upright. 

2.  Raise,  build,  construct. 

3.  Exalt,  elevate,  magnify. 

4.  Institute,  found,  form,  plant,  establish. 

5.  (Poetical.)     Cheer,  animate,  inspirit,  en- 
liven, encourage. 

Erect,  a.     I.   Upright,  standing. 

2.  Elevated,  turned  upward. 

3.  Bold,  undaunted,  undismayed,  unterrified, 
firm,  unshaken. 

Erection,  «.     I.   Erecting,  setting  upright. 

2.  Raising,  building,  constructing. 

3.  Building,  structure,  edifice. 
Erelong,  ad.    Soon,  before  long. 

Eremite,  «.  (Poetical.)  Hermit,  anchoret,  an- 
chorite, solitary,  solitaire,  recluse. 

"Ergo,  ad.    [L.]    Therefore,  consequently. 

Ergot,  n.    Spurred  rye. 

Erin,  «.     Ireland. 

Eristic,      )  a.    (Not  used  of  persons.)    I.   Con- 

Eristical,  j  troversial,  polemic  (al),  controversive, 
disputative. 

2.  Entangling,   catching,  entrapping,  posing, 
perplexing,  embarrassing. 

3.  Cavilling,  captious,  disputatious. 
Ermine,  ».     I.    Stoat  (Mustela  ermined). 

2.  Fur  of  the  stoat. 

3.  Office  or  dignity  of  a  judge. 

4.  (Her.)    Argent,  spots  sable  (white  ground 
spotted  with  black). 

Ermines,  «.    (Her.)    Sable,  spots  argent  (ermine 

reversed). 
Erode,  v.  a.    Consume,  destroy,  canker,  corrode, 

eat  away. 
Erosion,  n.     Corrosion,  eating  away. 
Erosive,  a.     Corrosive,  corroding,  caustic,  acrid, 

virulent,  eating,  catheretic. 

^Otical  I  ^'    ^'"^^°''y'  amorous,  Anacreontic. 
Erotic,  n.    Amatory  poem.  Anacreontic,  Anacre- 

ontique. 
Err,  V.   n.     I.  Deviate  (from  the  right  wcty), 

wander,  ramble,  rove. 

2.  Mistake,  blunder,  misjudge,  make  a  mis- 
take, be  at  fault,  labor  under  a  mistake. 

3.  Sin,  lapse,  fall,  trip,   trespass,   offend,  go 
astray,  do  amiss,  commit  a  fault. 

Errand,  «.  Message,  mandate,  mission,  commis- 
sion. 4 

Errant,  a.    Wandering,  roving,  rambling. 

Errata,  «.  //  [L.]  Errors  (in  printing),  mis- 
takes, misprints. 


ERRATIC 


149 


ESTABLISHMENT 


Erratic,  a.  I.  Wandering,  roving,  rambling,  no- 
madic. 

2.  Moving,  planetary. 

3.  Irregular,  eccentric,  abnormal. 
Erratom,  «.    [L.]     I.   Corrigendum,  correction. 

2.    Misprint,  error,  mistake. 

Errhine,  «.     Sternutatory. 

Erring,  a.     Sinful,  fallible,  peccable,  liable  to  err. 

ErroneotlS,  a.  False,  incorrect,  inexact,  inaccu- 
rate, wrong,  untrue,  mistaken. 

Error,  ».  I.  Mistake,  blunder,  misapprehension, 
oversight,  inaccuracy. 

2.  Sin,  fault,  offence,  trespass,  transgression, 
delinquency,  iniquity,  misdoing,  misdeed,  short- 
coming, wrong-doing. 

Errors,  «.//.  ijn printing.)  Errata,  corrigenda, 
misprints. 

Erse,  «.     Gaelic  language,  Gaelic. 

Erubescent,  a.     Reddish,  blushing,  rubicund. 

Eruct,  V.  a.  and  v-  n.     See  Eructate. 

Eructate,  v.  a.  Belch,  belch  forth,  eject  (<m  wind 
from  the  stomach). 

^nictate,  v.  «.  (JRare.)  Belch,  eject  wind  from 
the  stomach. 

Eructation,  «.     Belching. 

Erudite,  a.  Learned,  lettered,  well-read,  deeply 
read. 

Erudition,  «.  Knowledge  {gained  by  reading 
and  study),  learning,  lore,  scholarship,  literary 
learning,  historical  and  archaeological  lore. 

Erupt,  V.  n.  Burst  forth,  give  vent  to  eruptions, 
be  in  eruption. 

Erupt,  V.  a.    Hurl  forth,  eject,  cast  forth  violently. 

Eruption,  n.     I.    Explosion,  outburst,  outbreak. 

2.  Sally,  sudden  excursion. 

3.  {Med.)    Rash,  exanthem,  exanthema. 
Eruptive,  a.     I.   Erupting,  bursting  forth. 

2.  Produced  by  eruption,  resulting  from  erup- 
tion. 

3.  {Med.)  Exanthematous,  efSorescent,  at- 
tended with  eruptions. 

Erysipelas,  n.     Saint  Anthony's  fire,  rose. 

Escalade,  v.  a.    Scale. 

Escalade,  n.     Assault  with  ladders. 

Escapade,    «.     I.   Vagary,    prank,    frolic,    freak, 

mad  prank. 
2.   Impropriety,  indiscretion,  act  of  folly. 
Escape,  v.  a.     I.  Avoid,  shun,  evade,  elude,  fiee 

from,  get  out  of  the  way  of. 
2.   Pass  unobserved. 
Escape,  v.  n.     I.   Get  away,  make  or  effect  one's 

escape,  get  free,  get  into  safety,  get  away  safely, 

get  (Mor  through  without  harm. 

2.  Flee,  fly,  abscond,  decamp,  make  off,  steal 
away,  hasten  away,  slink  away,  run  away,  break 
loose,  break  away,  gain  one's  freedom,  whip  off, 
take  one's  self  on,  beat  a  retreat,  take  to  one's 
heels,  cut  and  run,  take  French  leave,  be  among 
the  missing. 

3.  Slip,  pass,  go  by,  slip  through  the  fingers, 
be  passed  over,  be  omitted. 

4.  Pass  out,  off,  or  away,  be  emitted. 
Escape, «.    I.   Flight. 

2.  Release  {from  threatened  danger). 

3.  Passing,  passage,  running  or  passing  out  or 
off. 

Escarp,  n.    Scarp. 

Eschar,   ».     {Med.)    Crust    {made   by   caustics), 

scab,  slough. 
EscharotiC,    a.    Caustic,     searing,     cauterizing, 

catheretic. 
Escharotic, ».   [Med.)  Caustic,  caustic  application. 
Escheat,  v.  «.     {Law.)     Be  forfeited  back,  revert 
Eschew,  V.  a.     Avoid,  shun,  flee  from,  keep  away 

from,  keep  clear  of,  steer  clear  of,  keep  out  of  the 

way  of,  be  shy  of,  have  nothing  to  do  with. 
Escortf  n,     I.   Convoy,  guard,  conduct. 


2.  Protection,  safeguard,  safe-conduct. 

3.  Attendance,  company. 

Escort,  V.  a.    I.  Convoy  {by  land),  guard,  protect 

2.  Attend  {as  a  guard  of  honor),  conduct. 

3.  Attend  (/«  courtesy),  accompany,  wait  upon. 
Escritoire,  n.     [Fr.]     Writing-desk,  secretary. 
Esculent,  a.     Eatable,  edible. 

Esculent,  «.  Edible  substance,  eatable,  edible, 
article  of  food. 

Escutcheon,  ».  Shield,  scutcheon,  ensign  armo- 
rial. 

Esophagus,  n.  [Written  also  and  usually  (Esoph- 
agus.]   Gullet.^ 

EsoteriCf  a.  Private,  secret,  acroamatic,  acroatic, 
inner,  inmost,  known  to  the  initiated. 

Especial,  a.  Particular,  special,  distinguished, 
peculiar,  unusual,  marked. 

Espial,  M.     Notice,  observation,  discovery. 

Espousal,  n.   I.  Espousing,  betrothing,  affiancing, 
plighting. 
2.   Adoption,  defence,  support,  maintenance. 

Espousals,  n.  pi.  Betrothment,  betrothal,  betroth- 
ing, plighting,  affiancing,  pledging  in  marriage. 

Espouse,  V.  a.  I.  Betroth,  promise  in  marriage, 
plight. 

2.  [Said  of  a  father  or  sponsor. \    Give  in 
marriage,  marry,  wed,  give  as  spouse. 

3.  \S aid  of  a  bridegroom.]     Marry,  wed. 

4.  Adopt,  defend,  embrace,  maintain,  support, 
take  up. 

Esprit  de  corps.  [Fr.]  Class  feeling,  mutual  in- 
terest in  one  another  {as  between  members  of  the 
same  society  or  of  the  same  profession),  sense  of 
union. 

Espy,  V.  a.  Discern,  descry,  perceive,  spy,  dis- 
cover, catch  a  glimpse  of,  catch  sight  of. 

Espy,  V.  n.  Watch,  observe,  spy,  look  narrowly, 
look  about,  take  notice. 

Esquire,  n.     Squire. 

Essiay,  v.  a.    Attempt,  try,  endeavor. 

Essay,  n,  I.  Attempt,  trial,  endeavor,  efiPort, 
struggle,  aim. 

2.   Dissertation,   disquisition,  brief  discourse, 
article,  paper. 

Essayist,  «.     Essay-writer. 

Essay-writer, «.     Essayist. 

Essence^  n.  I.  Nature,  substance,  quintessence, 
essential  part,  central  nature,  inmost  nature  or 
substance,  vital  element  or  part. 

2.  Extract,  volatile  part,  rectified  portion. 

3.  Odor,  perfume,  scent. 

4.  Being,  existence,  entity,  nature. 
Essence,  v.  a.     Perfume,  scent 

Essential,  a.  I.  Vital,  necessary,  requisite,  in- 
dispensable, highly  important. 

2.  Volatile,  diffusible,  pure,  highly  rectified. 

3.  {Med.)     Idiopathic. 

Essential,  n.      [Usually  in  pi."]     I.   Indispensable 
element,  vital   part,  absolute  requisite. 
2.    Rudiment,  first  principle,  first  step,  outline. 

Establish,  v.  a.  I.  Fuc,  settle,  make  stable  or 
steadfast. 

2.  Enact,  decree,  ordain. 

3.  Institute,   originate,   plant,  found,    consti- 
tute,  organize,  form. 

4.  Place,  secure,  plant,  set  up. 

5.  Confirm,  ratify,  sanction,  approve. 

6.  Prove,  substantiate,  verify,  make  good. 

7.  Fulfil,  carry  out,  make  good. 

8.  Unite  with  the  State,  make  authoritative, 
publicly  endow. 

Establisnment,  n.  I.  Establishing.  See  the 
verb,  in  all  its  senses. 

2.  Institution,  organization  for  work  {of  any 
kind)  or  business. 

3.  Domestic        arrangements,        household 
mhtage. 


ESTATE 


160 


EULOGISTICAL 


4.  Allowance,  stipend,  income,  subsistence, 
salary. 
Estate,  n.     I.   State,  condition. 

2.  Rank,  position  {in  life  or  society),  social 
standing. 

3.  Property,  effects,  possessions,  fortune. 

4.  Class  (pf  those  who  constitute  tJie  State  or 
the  government  of  a  State),  order,  division. 

5.  (Law.)  Interest  (in  any  s/ecies  oy perma- 
nent property). 

Esteem,  v.  a.  I.  Estimate,  appreciate,  value, 
rate,  reckon,  set  a  value  on. 

2.  Admire,  like,  prize,  value,  appreciate 
(highly),  honor,  revere,  respect,  think  well  of, 
think  highly  of,  set  a  high  value  on. 

3.  Regard,  consider,  deem,  think,  account, 
believe,  hold,  suppose,  imagine,  fancy,  look  upon 
as. 

Esteem,  n.    I.   Estimation,  estimate,  appreciation, 
valuation,  reckoning,  account,  opinion,  judgment. 
2.   Respect,    reverence,    honor,    credit,     high 
regard,  favorable  opinion. 
Esthetics,  «.     [Written  also  and  usually  Esthet- 
ics.)    Philosophy  of    the  fine    arts,   theory  or 
philosophy  of  taste,  science  of   the  beautiful. 
Estimable,  a.    I.   Appreciable,  calculable,    com- 
putable, capable  of  being  estimated. 

2.   Worthy,   good,  excellent,  meritorious,  de- 
serving, worthy  of  regard,   deserving  of  respect 
or  esteem. 
Estimate,  v.  a.    I.  Value,  appraise,  rate,   prize, 
esteem,  appreciate,  set  a  value  on,  set  a  price  on. 
2.   Compute,  reckon,  count,  calculate. 
Estimate,  «.     I.   Valuation,  estimation. 

2.   Calculation,  computation. 
Estimation,  n.      I.  Valuation,  appraisement,  ap- 
preciation, estimate. 

2.  Judgment,  opinion,  estimate,  esteem. 

3.  Respect,  honor,  regard,  esteem,  reverence, 
favorable  opinion. 

Estop,  V.  a.    {Law.)    Bar,  stop,  impede,  preclude, 

stop  the  progress  of. 
Estoppel,  n.     Bar,  impediment. 
Estrange,  v.  a,     I.   Withdraw,  withhold,  keep 

away. 

2.  Divert,  alienate,  apply  to  a  foreign  purpose. 

3.  Disaffect,  alienate,  make  unfriendly,  make 
disaffected,  destroy  one's  affections,  turn  away. 

Estrangement,  «.    I.  Withdrawal. 

2.   Disaffection,  alienation. 

Estuary,  «.  Frith,  firth,  fiord,  inlet,  creek,  arm 
of  the  sea. 

£tagdre,  «.     [Fr.]    What-not,  shelved  cabinet. 

Etat-major,  «.  [Fr.]  Staff,  commissioned  officers, 
staff-officers. 

Et  Cietera.  [L.]  And  others,  and  the  rest,  and 
so  forth,  and  so  on. 

Etch,  n.    I.   Reaped  ground,  cropped  land,  har- 
vested land. 
2.   Eddish.     See  Aftermath. 

Etch,  V.  a.    I.   Engrave  (by  corrosion  of  an  acid). 
2.   Delineate    for    etching,    draw    with     the 
etching-needle. 

Etch,  V.  n.     I.   Practise  etching. 

2.  Draw  with  the  etching-needle,  use  the 
etching-needle. 

Eternal,  a.  I.  Self-existent,  self-originated,  ab- 
solute, necessary,  self-executing,  self-operative, 
inevitable,  self-active,  without  beginning  or  end, 
superior  to  time  or  cause. 

2.  Endless,  everlasting,  never-ending,  un- 
ending, interminable,  ever-during,  perpetual, 
ceaseless,  unceasing,  perennial,  abiding,  abiding 
forever. 

3.  Imperishable,  undying,  indestructible,  in- 
corruptible, deathless,  never-dying,  immortal. 

4.  Immutable,  unchangeable. 


S.  Incessant,  unbroken,  uninterrupted,  cease- 
less, perpetual,  persistent,  continual,  continuous. 

Eternalize,  v.  a.       See  Etekmzh. 

Eternally,  ad.  I.  In  eternal  wise.  See  the  ad- 
jective under  i,  3,  4,  5. 

2.  Endlessly,  interminably,  perpetually,  cease- 
lessly, continually,  everlastingly,  always,  ever, 
aye,  evermore,  for  everlasting,  forever,  for  aye, 
forever  and  ever,  world  without  end,  time  with- 
out end,  to  the  end  of  time,  till  doomsday. 

Eternity,  «.  I.  Eternal  quality.  See  Eternal, 
in  its  various  senses. 

2.  The  eternal  world,  supramundane  being, 
the  supersensible  order. 

3.  Endless  duration,  infinite  duration. 
Eternize,  v.  a.     1.   Make  eternal  (in  the  several 

senses),  confer  eternity  upon,  carry  to  eternity. 

2.  Perpetuate,  make  perpetual. 

3.  Immortalize,  make  forever  famous,  make 
immortal. 

Ethereal,  a.    I.   Airy,  aerial,  empyreal. 

2.  Light,  volatile,  subtile,  tenuous,  attenuated, 
sublimated. 

3.  Subtilized,  subtile,  light,  airy,  aerial,  re- 
fined, delicate,  spirit-like,  fairy. 

4.  Celestial,  heavenly. 
Ethereality, «.    See  Etherhalness. 

Etherealize,  v.  a.     Subtilize,  make  ethereal. 
Etherealness,  n.    Airiness,  rarity,   subtilty,   sub- 

tileness,  delicacy,  tenuity,  attenuation,  fairy-like 

delicacy,  ethereality. 
Ethical,  a.    Moral. 
Ethics,  n.     Morals,  moral  philosophy,  science  of 

duty,  ethical  science,  deontology,  ethology. 
Ethicps-mineral,  «.    Black  sulphuret  of  mercury. 
Ethnic,      \a.     1.  Heathen  {as  distinguished/rom 
Ethnical,  j      Jewish    and     Christian),     pagan, 

gentile. 
2.   Ethnological. 
Ethnography,  «.     Description  of  races  {especially 

as  regards  manners  and  customs  or  external 

peculiarities). 

!$;;&,}-    Ethnic,  ethnical. 

Ethnology,  n.  Science  of  races  {treating  of  the 
mental  as  well  as  of  the  physical  differences  of 
the  races  of  mankind). 

Ethology,  ».  I.  Science  of  ethics,  ethics,  morals, 
moral  philosophy,  science  of  duty,  deontology. 

2.  Science  of^  character,  science  of  the  forma- 
tion of  character. 

Etiolate,  v.  a.  Bleach,  blanch,  whiten,  make  or 
render  white. 

Etiolate,  v.  n.  Become  white,  be  whitened,  be 
blanched,  be  bleached. 

Etiolated,  a.  Whitened  (by  exclusion  from  light), 
blanched,  bleached. 

Etiquette,  n.  Prescribed  form  {of  behavior,  as 
that  set  down  on  a  card  or  ticket  on  the  occasion 
of  ceremonies  at  court),  fashionable  ceremony, 
ceremonial  code,  forms  of  good-breeding,  con- 
ventional decorum. 

EtjrmolOgy,  «.  I.  Science  of  etymons,  science  of 
primitive  (linguistic)  roots. 

2.  Derivation. 

3.  (Gram^  Inflection  {of  the  parts  of 
speech),  accidence. 

Elymon,  «.     Root,  radical,  radix,  primitive  word. 

Eucharist,  n-  Communion,  sacrament,  Lord's 
Supper,  Christian  sacrament. 

Eudaemonism, )  n.      Hedonism,        utilitarianism, 

Eudemonism,  j  hedonistic  or  utilitarian  philos- 
ophy, Epicureanism,  Benthamism. 

Eulogist,  n.  Encomiast,  panegyrist,  lauder, 
praiser.  extoller. 

Eulogistic,     J  a.     Encomiastic,  panegyrical,  com- 

EulOgiStical, )     mendatory,  laudatory. 


EULOGIUM 


151 


EVERLASTING 


Enloglum,  n.    Praise.    See  Eulogy. 

Eolc^ize,    V.   a.      Extol,    laud,     applaud.      See 
Praise,  v. 

Eulogy^  ft.      I.   Eulogistic   speech  or  discourse, 
eulogium,  panegyric,  ^io^e. 

2.   Praise,  laudation,  encomium,  panegyric,  ap- 
plause, commendation. 

Eupepsia, 


Eupepsy, 


n.    Good  digestion. 


Euphemisin,  n.  I.  Softened  expression  {io  avoid 
offendmg  by  harshness,  or  by  indelicacy). 

2.  Over-delicacy  of  speech,  affected  refine- 
ment of  language,  euphuism. 

iffiS^,}-    SeeEt;PHONious. 

Euphonious,  a.  Euphonic,  mellifluous,  clear, 
silvery,  musical,  sweet-toned,  sweetly  flowing, 
free  from  harshness,  mellow,  melodious,  har- 
monious. 

EnpllOIiyf  n.  Agreeable  sound  {in  language), 
smoothness,  ease  of  utterance. 

Euplirasy,  «.  {Bot.)  Eye-bright,  euphrasia 
{Euphrasia  officinalis), 

Enphuiailly  n.  I.  Purism,  finical  style,  fastidious 
delicacy  (w  the  use  of  langrmge),  affected 
elegance. 

2.  High-flown  diction,  pompous  style,  extrava- 
gantly ornate  diction. 

Euthanasia,  I  ».     I.   Easy  death,  peaceful  death, 

Euthanasy,  )      ease  in  death  or  m  dying. 

2.  Painless  execution. 

3.  Means  of  painless  death. 
Entrophy,  «.     Healthy  nutrition, 

Enxine,  n.  Black  Sea,  Pontic  Sea,  the  Pontic, 
the  Pontus. 

Evacuant,  a.  {Med.)  Purgative,  cathartic,  ab- 
stergent, cleansing. 

Evacuant,  ».  Cathartic,  purgative,  purgative 
medicine. 

Evacuate,  v.  a.    I.  Empty,  make  empty. 

2.  Eject,  expel,  excrete,  void,  discharge, 
throw  out,  clear  out,  clean  out. 

3.  Quit  (<M  «  house  or  a  country),  leave,  re- 
linquish, forsake,  desert,  abandon,  withdraw 
from. 

Evacuation,  n-     I.   Emptying. 

2.  Discharge,  ejection,  excretion. 

3.  Quitting,  withdrawal,  retirement,  retreat. 
Evade,  v.  a.     I,  Elude,  escape,  escape  from,  steal 

away  from,  get  away  from  (by  artifice). 

2.  Avoid,  shun,  decline. 

3.  Surpass  {ofte's powers),  baffle,  foil,  elude. 
Evade,  V.  n.     Equivocate,  shuffle,  fence,  quibble, 

dodge,  prevaricate,  palter. 

Evanesce,  v.  n.  Vanish,  disappear,  be  dissipated, 
be  seen  no  more. 

Evanescence,  «.  I.  Evanishing,  vanishing,  evan- 
ishment,  disappearance,  being  dissipated,  gradual 
disappearance. 

2.  Transitoriness,  transientness,  speedy  pas- 
sage, short  continuance,  fleeting  nature. 

Evanescent,  a.  Vanishing,  fleeting,  transitory, 
transient,  passing,  flitting,  fugitive,  flying,  ephem- 
eral, short-lived. 

Evangel,  «.     {Poetical.)    I.   Gospel,  glad  tidings. 

2.  The  gospel,  Christian  revelation,  plan  of 
salvation. 

3.  r//.]    The  Gospels,  New  Testament. 
Evangelic,     \a.     I.  According    to   the    gospel. 
Evangelical,  }      consonant    with      the    Gospels, 

founded  on  the  New  Testament. 

2.  Contained  in  the  Gospels  or  the  New 
Testament. 

3.  Earnest  for  the  teachings  of  the  Gospels, 
sound  in  the  gospel,  adhering  to  the  letter  of  the 
gospel. 

4»  Devout,  fervent,  deeply  pious,  edifying. 


5.  German  Protestant,  national  Protestant  {in 
Germany). 

6.  Pietist,  Protestant  who  emphasizes  sin, 
atonement,  and  regeneration. 

Evangelist,  «•      I.   Writer  of  one  of  the  Gos- 
pels. 
2.    Missionary. 
Evangelize,  v.  a.    Preach  the  gospel  to,  instruct 

in  the  gospel. 
Evaporate,  v.  n.    I.    Fly  off  in  vapor,  turn  to 
vapor. 
2.   Disappear,  be  dissipated,  vanish,  evanesce. 
Evaporate,    v.   a.      I.    Vaporize,    convert    into 
vapor,  disperse  in  vapor. 
2.   Exhale,  emit  in  vapor. 
Evaporating  dish.    Capsule. 
Evaporation,  «.     I.  Vaporization. 

2.   Exhalation. 
Evasion,  «.     I.  Evading.    See  Evade. 

2.  Shuffling  {in  the  abstract),  prevarication, 
equivocation,  quibbling,  subterfuge,  disingenuous- 
ness,  sophistry,  tergiversation. 

3.  Shift,  subtertuge,  equivocation,  prevarica- 
tion, quibble,  tergiversation,  shuffling,  sophistical 
excuse,  disingenuous  escape- 

Evasive,  a.     Equivocating,   shuffling,  sophistical, 

elusive,  elusory,  shifty. 
Eve,  n.     I.   Edge,  brink,  border. 

2.   Day  or  night  before  or  preceding. 

Even  }***    (P'>'^*^'^)    See  Evening. 
Even,  a,     I.   Smooth,  level,  plane,  flat. 

2.  Uniform,  equable,  equal,  calm,  steady, 
unruffled. 

3.  On  a  level,  on  the  same  level. 

4.  Fair,  just,  equitable. 

5.  Divisible  by  two. 

Even,  ad.     I.   Exactly,  verily,  just. 

2.  At  the  very  time. 

3.  Likewise,  in  like  manner,  not  only  so,  bat 
also. 

4.  Strange  to  say. 

5.  So  much  as. 

Even-handed,  a.    Impartial,  fair,  equitable,  just 

Evening,  «.  Eve,  even,  eventide,  nightfall,  dusk, 
twilight,  close  of  the  day,  fall  of  day,  decline  of 
day.  going  down  of  the  sun. 

Evening  S&r.    Vesper,  Hesper,  Hesperus,  Venus. 

Event,  n.  I.  Occurrence,  incident,  fact,  circum- 
stance. 

2.  Adventure,  affair,  marked  occurrence. 

3.  _  Result,  issue,  consequence,  end,  conclusion, 
termination. 

Eventful,  a.  Full  of  incidents,  stirring,  memora- 
ble,  signal,  momentous,  important,  critical, 
remarkable. 

Eventual,  a.     I.     Final,  ultimate. 

2.  Contingent,  conditional,  possible. 

Eventuate,  v.  «.  I.  issue,  terminate,  close,  end, 
result. 

2.  Result,  come  about,  come  to  pass,  happen, 
occur,  take  place,  fall  out. 

Ever,  ad.     I.   At  any  time. 

2.  Always,  evermore,  perpetually,  continually, 
eternally,  aye,  for  aye,  forever,  at  all  times,  to 
the  end  of  time,  through  all  ages,  till  doomsday. 

Ever  and  anon.  Often,  every  now  and  then,  at 
short  intervals. 

Ever-during,  a.  Enduring  forever.  See  Ever- 
lasting. 

Everlasting^  a.  I.  Endless,  unendins:,  ever-during, 
perpetual,  incessant,  ceaseless,  continual,  uninter- 
rupted, interminable,  unceasing,  never-ceasing, 
never-ending,  eternal. 

2.  Imperishable,  undving,  never-dying,  ever- 
living,  deathless,  immortal. 

3.  {Colloq.)    Continual,  ceaseless,  unintermit- 


EVERLASTING 


152 


EX  CATHEDRA 


ting,  perpetual,  constant,  never  remitted,  unin- 
terrupted. 

Everlasting,  «.    I.   Eternity. 

2.   Cudweed,  goldylocks,  immortelle. 

Ever-living,  a.  Eternal,  immortal,  undying, 
deathless,  never-dying,  everlasting. 

Evermore,  ad.     I.   Always,  forever,  ever,  perpet- 
ually, continually,  aye,  for  aye,  at  all  times,  to 
the  end  of  time,  through  all  ages,  eternally,  world 
without  end. 
2.  At  all  times,  continually,  always. 

Every,  a.     Each  {^of  several). 

Every-day,  a.  Common,  customary,  usual, 
wonted,  accustomed,  habitual,  commonplace. 

Every  now  and  then.  Often,  at  short  intervals, 
ever  and  anon,  from  time  to  time. 

Everywhere,  ad.  In  every  place,  in  all  places, 
right  and  left,  far  and  near,  far  and  wide, 
throughout  the  world,  all  the  world  over,  in  every 
quarter,  in  all  quarters,  in  all  lands;  here, 
there,  and  everywhere ;  from  pole  to  pole,  from 
China  to  Peru. 

Evict,  V.  a.    (Law.)    Dispossess. 

Eviction,  «.    {Law.)    Dispossession,  deprivation. 

Evidence,  «.     Testimony,  proof,  ground  of  belief. 

Evidence,  v.  a.  Prove,  show,  manifest,  evince, 
make  manifest,  make  clear. 

Evident,  a.  Plain,  clear,  manifest,  apparent,  ob- 
vious, palpable,  patent,  unmistakable. 

Evidential,  a.  Indicative,  evidentiary,  evincive, 
demonstrative. 

Evidentiary,  a.    See  Evidential. 

Evil,  a.     I.   Bad,  ill. 

2.  Wicked,  sinful,  vicious,  corrupt,  perverse, 
wrong,  base,  vile,  nefarious,  malicious,  malign, 
bad. 

3.  Mischievous,  hurtful,  harmful,  injurious, 
pernicious,  destructive,  baneful,  noxious,  dele- 
terious, bad. 

^  4.  Unhappy,   unfortunate,    adverse,    unpropi- 
tious,  disastrous,  calamitous,  woful,  bad. 
Evil,  n.    I.  Calamity,  ill,  woe,  misery,  pain,  suffer- 
ing, sorrow,  misfortune,  disaster,  reverse. 

2.  Wickedness,  sin,  depravity,  malignity, 
wicked  disposition,  corruption,  wrong,  vicious- 
ness,  baseness,  badness. 

3.  Wrong,  injury,  mischief,  harm. 
Evil-doer,  «.     Sinner,  criminal,  malefactor,  cul- 
prit, offender,  delinquent,  wrong-doer. 

Evil  one.  Devil,  Satan,  Lucifer,  Belial,  Apollyon, 
Arch-fiend,  the  Tempter,  the  Man  of  Sin,  the 
Wicked  One,  the  Old  Serpent,  the  Prince  of 
Darkness,  the  Foul  Fiend,  the  Enemy.  See 
Apollyon. 

Evince,  v.  a.  I.  Prove,  show,  evidence,  mani- 
fest, establish,  make  evident,  make  clear. 

2.  Exhibit,  indicate,  manifest,  show,  display, 
bring  to  view. 

Evincive,  a.  Demonstrative,  indicative,  eviden- 
tial, evidentiary. 

Eviscerate,  v.  a.  Disembowel,  embowel,  paunch, 
gut,  take  out  the  bowels  of. 

Evoke,  V.  a.  I.  Summon,  call  forth,  call  up, 
summon  forth. 

2.  Excite,  arouse,  elicit,  call  out,  rouse, 
provoke. 

Evplution,  «.  I.  Evolving,  unfolding,  expan- 
sion, evolvement,  development. 

2.  Descent  by  continuous  difTerentiation,  de- 
velopment, doctrine  of  development,  ascent 
from  simplicity  to  complexity. 

3.  {Mil.)    Afovement,  marching. 

4.  (Math.)    Extraction  of  roots. 

5.  (Geom.)    Unfolding,  unrolling  (^a  f»rT'^). 
Evolve,  V.   a.      Unroll,    unfold,    expand,   open, 

develop. 
Evdvemeilt,  n.    See  Evolution,  i. 


Ezacert>ate,  v.  a.      I.  Irritate,  exasperate,  pro 
voke,  embitter,  inflame,  excite,  infuriate,  enrage. 
2.  Aggravate,  heighten,  increase. 
Exacerbation,   ».      I.      Exasperation,    provoca- 
tion, irritation. 
2.  Aggravation,  increase,  heightening. 
Exact,   a.      I.    Strict,    rigid,     rigorous,    severe, 
scrupulous. 

2.  Precise,  without  the  least  error. 

3.  Accurate,  correct,  close,  literal,  faithful. 

4.  Accurate,  critical,  nice. 

5.  Methodical,  regular,  precise,  careful,  punc- 
tilious, punctual,  orderly. 

Exact,  V.  a.    I.   Extort,  require  authoritatively. 

2.   Claim,  demand. 
Exaction,  «.     I.   Extortion. 

2.   Contribution  (demanded),  tribute. 
Exactitude,  «.    See  Exactness. 
Exactness,   «.      I.   Accuracy,   correctness,  fault- 

lessness,  precision,  nicety,  faithfulness,  fidelity, 

rigor,  exactitude. 
2.   Strictness,  regularity,  method,  scrupulosity, 

rigidness,  precision,  scrupulousness,  carefulness. 
Exaggerate,  v.  a.     Overstate,  overcharge,  strain, 

stretch,    overstrain,    overcolor,    depict  extrava- 
gantly, color  too  highly. 
Exaggeration,     «.      Hyperbole,     overstatement, 

stretching,  extravagant  statement,  high  coloring. 
Exalt,   V.   a.      I.    Raise,   elevate,  erect,  lift  up, 

raise  high  or  on  high  or  aloft,  make  lofty. 

2.  Ennoble,  dignify,  aggrandize,  elevate. 

3.  Praise   (highly),    extol,    magnify,    glorify, 
bless. 

Exaltation,  n.    Elevation,  dignity,  loftiness,  no- 
bility, dignity,  grandeur. 
Examination,  n.     I.   Inspection,  observation. 


2.  Inquiry,  search,  research,  scrutiny,  investi- 
gation, inquisition. 

3.  Trial  by  questions  (in  order  to  elicit  truth 
or  to  test  qualijications),  test. 

Examine,  v.  a.    I.  Inspect,  observe. 


2.  Scrutinize,  investigate,  study,  consider, 
canvass,  test,  inquire  into,  search  into,  look  into, 
inquire  about. 

3.  Interrogate  (in  order  to  elicit  truth  or 
to  test  qualifications^  catechise,  put  questions 
to. 

Examiner, «.    I.  Inspector. 

2.  Inquirer,  investigator. 

3.  Conductor  of  examinations,  questioner, 
catechiser. 

Example,  «.  I.  Pattern,  copy,  model,  archetype, 
prototype. 

2.  Precedent. 

3.  Instance,  illustration,  exemplification,  case 
in  point. 

Exanimate,  a.    I.   Lifeless,  dead,  defunct,  inani- 
mate. 
2.   Inanimate,  torpid,  inert,  sluggish,  spiritless. 

Exanthem,  «.  _  (Med.)  Rash,  eruption,  efflo- 
rescence, breaking  out,  exanthema. 

Exant-ema,   «.      [Gr..  pi.    Exanthemata.']    See 

EXANTHEM. 

Exasperate,  v.  a.  I.  Irritate,  provoke,  chafe, 
vex,  nettle,  incense,  anger,  affront,  offend,  en- 
rage, make  angry,  aggravate. 

2.  Exacerbate,  aggravate,  inflame,  render 
more  violent. 

Exasperation,  n.  I.  Irritation,  provocation, 
exacerbation. 

2.  Wrath,  anger,  rage,  ire,  fury,  violent 
passion. 

3.  Aggravation,  exacerbation,  increase,  height- 
ening, worsening. 

Ex  cathedra,  a.     [L.]    I.   Authoritative,  formal, 
official,  from  the  bench,  from  high  authority. 
2.  Dogmatic,  magisterial,  dictatorial. 


EX  CATHEDRA 


153 


EXCORIATION 


/ 


Ex  cathedra*  ad.    [L.]     I.  Authoritatively,  for- 
mally, officially,   from  the  bench. 
2.   Dogmatically,  magisterially,  dictatorially. 

Excavate,  v.  a.  Hollow,  hollow  out,  scoop  out, 
dig  out,  cut  out. 

Excavation,  «.     I.   Excavating.     See  the  verb. 
2.   Cutting,  cavity,  hollow,  cut. 

Exceed,  v.  a.  I.  Transcend,  surpass,  cap,  go 
beyond. 

2.  Excel,  outdo,  outstrip,  outvie,  surpass,  be 
superior  to. 

Exceed,  v.  n.  I.  Go  too  far,  overstep  the  proper 
limit. 

2.  Be  the  greater,  bear  the  greater  propor- 
tion, predominate,  preponderate. 

Exce^ingly,  ad.  Very,  highly,  greatly,  ex- 
tremely, vastly,  beyond  measure,  to  a  great  or 
unusual  degree. 

Excel,  V.  a.  I.  Surpass,  outdo,  outvie,  outrival, 
outstrip,  beat,  be  superior  to,  cast  in  the  shade, 
throw  into  the  shade,  eclipse. 

2.  Exceed,  transcend,  cap,  go  beyond,  sur- 
pass. 

Excel,  V.  H.  Win  eminence,  gain  or  have  excel- 
lence, surpass  others,  attain  superiority,  win  or 
acquire  distinction,  be  superior,  be  eminent,  bear 
the  palm,  bear  the  bell,  take  precedence. 

Excellence,  «.  I.  Superiority,  eminence,  distinc- 
tion, pre-eminence,  transcendence. 

2.  Good  quality,  superior  quality,  superior 
goodness,  superiority. 

3.  Valuable  point  or  property  or  character- 
istic, advantage,  good  point,  good  quality,  valua- 
ble feature  or  trait. 

4.  Worth,  goodness,  uprightness,  probity, 
purity. 

Excellent,  a.     I.  Superior,   eminent,    first-rate, 

prime,  admirable,  choice,  crack,  of  the  best,  of 

the  first  water,  of  the  first  grade,  of  the  best 

quality,  of  the  highest  order,  extremely  good. 
2.  Virtuous,    worthy,    estimable,    admirable, 

thoroughly  good,  highly  deserving,   worthy    of 

gre^t  praise. 
Except,  V.  a.     Exclude,  reject,  omit,  leave  out, 

do  not  include. 
Except,^  V.    n.      Object,    make   objection,    take 

exception. 
Except,  prep.    Excepting,  excluding,  save,  leaving 

out,  with  the  exception  of. 
Except,  conj.    Unless,  unless  it  be  that,  if  it  be 

not  that. 
Exception»^  «.      I.   Exclusion,  omission,   leaving 

cut,  non-inclusion. 

2.  Objection. 

3.  Irritated  objection,  affront,  offence. 

4.  Instance  to  be  excepted,  unusual  case, 
anomalous  case,  anomaly,  deviation  from  the 
rule. 

Exceptionable,  a.  Objectionable,  open  to  ob- 
jection. 

Exceptional,  a.  Irregular,  unusual,  rare,  un- 
common, unnatural,  peculiar,  anomalous,  ab- 
normal, aberrant,  exceptive. 

Exceptive,  a.     See  Exceptional. 

Excerpt,  «.  Extract,  quotation,  dtation,  se- 
lected passage. 

Excerpt,  v.  a.     Extract,  select,  cite,  quote,  take. 

Excess,  H.  I,  Superfluity,  redundance,  redun- 
dancy, superabundance,  disproportion,  undue 
amount. 

2.  Surplus,  overplus,  remainder. 

3.  Intemperance,  immoderation,  over-indul- 
gence, dissoluteness,  dissolute  behavior  or  living, 
dissipation,  debauchery. 

4.  Extravagance,  immoderation,  overdoing. 
Excesses,  «.  pi.     I,  Debauchery,   orgies,    revels, 

saturnalia. 


2.  Rages,    furies,   cruelties,  brutalities,  enor- 
mities. 
Excessive,  a.     I.   Superabundant,  disproportion- 
ate, undue,  too  great,  superfluous,  exuberant. 

2.  Extravagant,    inordinate,    enormous,    out- 
rageous, unreasonable,  very  great. 

3.  Immoderate,  intemperate,  extreme. 

4.  Vehement,  violent. 

Exchange,  v.  a.  I,  Barter,  commute,  trade  {oj^ 
or  away),  swap,  truck,  change. 

2.  Interchange,    bandy,    give    and    take    re- 
ciprocally. 

Exchange,  «.  I.  Barter,  traffic,  trade,  com- 
mutation. 

2.  Interchange,  reciprocity. 

3.  Bourse. 

Excise,  n.  Inland  duty,  tax  upon  home  products, 
internal  tax  or  impost  or  revenue. 

Excision,  n.  ^  Extirpation,  eradication,  destruc- 
tion, extermination,  cutting  out  or  oS or  up. 

Excitability,  n.     I.   Sensibility,  sensitiveness. 
2.   Irritability,  irascibility,  passionateness,  hot 
temper. 

Excitable,  a.  I.  Sensitive,  susceptible,  impres- 
sible. 

'  2.   Irascible,    irritable,    passionate,    choleric, 
hasty,  hot-tempered,  quick-tempered. 

Excite,  V.  a.  I.  Arouse,  rouse,  awaken,  evoke, 
provoke,  call  forth,  stimulate,  incite,  animate, 
kindle,  inflame,  brew,  stir  up. 

2.  Raise,  create,  evoke,  elicit,  give  rise  to,  put 
in  motion. 

3.  Disturb,  agitate,  discompose,  irritate,  pro- 
voke. 

Excitement,  «.  I.  Excitation,  exciting.  See  the 
verb,  under  i  and  2. 

2.  Incitement,  motive,  stimulus. 

3.  Agitation,  perturbation,   commotion,    sen- 
sation. 

4.  Irritation,   warmth,  heat,  violence,  choler, 
passion. 

Exclaim,  v.  n.  Vociferate,  shout,  call,  cry  out, 
call  aloud. 

Exclamation,  «.    I.  Vociferation,  outcry,  ejacu- 
lation, clamor. 
2.   \Rhet.)    Ecphonesis,  interjection. 

Exclude,  V.  a.  I.  Bar,  debar,  preclude,  reject, 
shut  out. 

2.  Prohibit,  restrain,  hinder,  withhold. 

3.  Except,  omit,  not  include. 

4.  Expel,  eject,  extrude,  thrust  out. 
Exclusion,  n.    I.   Preclusion,  rejection. 

2.  Prohibition. 

3.  Exception,  omission,  non-inclusion. 

4.  Expulsion,  ejection. 
Exclusive,  a.     I.   Excluding,  debarring. 

2.  Illiberal,    selfish,     narrow,     uncharitable, 
narrow-minded. 

3.  Fastidious  {in  social  relations),  invidiously 
choice,  cliquish,  snobbish,  aristocratic. 

4.  Sole,  only,  special. 

Exclusive  of.  Over  and  above,  in  addition  to, 
not  to  mention,  not  to  take  into  account,  except- 
ing, not  Including,  to  the  exclusion  of,  without 
including. 

Excogitate,  v.  a.  Think  out,  make  up,  invent, 
contrive,  imagine,  create. 

Excommunicate,  v.  a.  Dismiss  or  expel  {from 
the  Church),  denounce,  proscribe,  anathematize, 
expel  from  fellowship,  exscind- 

Excommunication,  n.  Dismission  or  expulsion 
{from,  the  Church),  denunciation,  proscription, 
anathema,  ban. 

Excoriate,  v.  a.  Flay,  skin,  pall,  scar,  scarify, 
score,  gouge  out,  abrade,  stnp  the  skin  from.  ^ 

Excoriation,  n.  Flaying,  skinning,  scarification, 
abrasion. 


EXCREMENT 


154 


EXERT  ONE  S  SELF 


Ezcrementt  «.     I.   Excretion,  excreted  matter. 
2.   Dung,  faeces,  ordure,  dejectious,  alviue  dis- 
charges. 

Excremental,  a.    Excrementitious,  excrementitial. 

Excrementitialt  a.    Excremental,  excrementitious. 

Excrementitious,  a.   Excremental,  excrementitial. 

Excrescence,  n.  I,  Wart,  tumor,  morbid  protu- 
berance or  growth. 

2.  Superriuity,  useless  outgrowth,  deforming 
attachment  or  appendage. 

Excrescent,  a.     Fungous. 

Excrete,  v.  a.  Separate,  discharge,  eject,  throw 
off. 

Excretion,  «.     I.   Separation,  discharge. 
2.   Excrement,  excreted  matter. 

Excretive,  a.     Excretory. 

Excretory,  a.     Excretive. 

Excruciate,  v.  a.  Torture,  torment,  rack,  agonize. 

Excruciating,  a.  Torturing,  tormenting,  agoniz- 
ing, very  painful. 

Excruciation,  «.  Torture,  torment,  agony, 
anguish. 

Exculpate,  v.  a.  Absolve,  exonerate,  acquit,  clear, 
vindicate,  set  right. 

Exculpation, «.  Exoneration,  vindication,  clearing. 

Exculpatory,  a.  Excusatory,  vindicative,  vindi- 
catory, exonerative. 

Excursion,  n.    I.  Journey,  tour,  trip,  expedition, 
ramble,  jaunt. 
2.  Digression,  episode. 

Excursive,  a.  Rambling,  wandering,  roving, 
roaming,  devious,  erratic. 

Excursus,  n.  [L.]  Dissertation,  disquisition, 
discussion  {entered  by  way  of  appendix). 

Excusable,  a.     Pardonable,  venial. 

Excusatory,  a.     I.   Apologetical. 

2.  Vindicative,  vindicatory,  exculpatory,  exon- 
erative. 

Excuse,  V.  a.  I.  Pardon,  forgive,  acquit,  absolve, 
exculpate,  exonerate. 

2.  Extenuate,  justify,  form  or  constitute  an 
apology  or  excuse  for. 

3.  Exempt,  release,  free,  let  off. 

4.  Overlook,  regard  indulgently,  treat  as 
venial. 

5.  [With  self.^  Clear,  vindicate,  exculpate, 
exonerate,  make  defence  or  apology  for,  set  right. 

Excuse,  «.  I.  Apology,  plea,  justification,  abso- 
lution. 

2.  Pretext,  pretence,  color,  guise,  disguise, 
semblance,  makeshift,  subterfuge,  evasion,  false 
show. 

Execrable,  a.  I,  Detestable,  hateful,  odious,  ab- 
horrent, damnable,  cursed,  accursed,  abominable, 
villanous. 

2.  Offensive,  disgusting,  obnoxious,  nauseous, 
nauseating,  sickening,  repulsive,  revolting,  loath- 
some, vile. 

Execrate,   v.   a.     I.   Curse,   imprecate  ill  upon, 
call  down  curses  on. 
2.   Abominate,  detest,  hate,  abhor. 

Execration,  n.  I.  Curse,  malediction,  ban,  anath- 
ema, imprecation  of  evil. 

2.  Detestation,  abhorrence,  abomination, 
horror,  loathing. 

3.  Thing  detested,  abominated,  or  abhorred, 
curse,  horror. 

Execute,  v.  a.  I.  Accomplish,  effect,  effectuate, 
perform,  do,  consummate,  finish,  complete, 
achieve,  carry  out,  carry  through,  carry  into 
effect,  work  out. 

2.  Put  to  death  {in  pursuance  of  a  judicial 
sentence^. 

3.  {Law.)    Sign,  seal,  and  deliver  {as  a  deed). 
Execution,  n.    I.   Performance,  operation,  accom- 
plishment, achievement,  completion,  consumma- 
tion. 


2.  Effect,  something  done. 

3.  Mode  of  performance. 

4.  Writ  or  warrant  {for  carrying  out  a  Judg- 
ment or  sentence). 

5.  Capital  punishment,  punishment  of  death. 

6.  Destruction,  damage,  destructive  effect. 
Executive,  a.     Executory,  charged  with  execution 

or  carrying  into  effect. 
Executive,  n.    I.  Chief  magistrate,  administrative 

head,  head  of  government,  head  of  affairs,  head 

of  the  nation. 
2.  Administration,   administrative  body,  body 

charged  with  administration  or  the  execution  of 

the  laws. 
Executory,  a.     I.    Executive. 

2.   {Law.)    To  be  executed. 
Exegesis,  «.     I.   Exegetics,  hermeneutics,  science 

of  mterpretation. 
2.   Interpretation,  exposition,  explanation. 
Exegetic,      \  a.     Explanatory,  expository,  herme- 
Exegetical,  )      neutical,    explicative,    explicatory, 

interpretative. 
Exegetics,  «.     Exegesis,  science  of  interpretation, 

hermeneutics. 
Exemplar,   «.     Pattern,  model,  copy,    example, 

prototype,  archetype. 
Exemplary,  a.     I.  Worthy  of  imitation,  fit  for  a 

pattern. 

2.  Pattern-like,  closely  adherent  to  the  pattern, 
faithful,  close,  exact,  assiduous,  scrupulous, 
punctual,  punctilious,  rigid,  rigorous. 

3.  Remarkably  good,  excellent,  highly  virtu- 
ous, correct,  estimable,  worthy,  deserving  of 
approval. 

4.  Monitory,  warning,  admonitory,  condign. 
Exemplification,  «.     I.    Illustration. 

2.   {Law.)    Certified  copy  or  transcript. 

Exemplify,  v.  a.  I.  Illustrate,  show  by  example. 
2.   (Law.)    Make  a  certified  copy  of. 

Exempt,  V.  a.  Relieve,  release,  free,  let  off,  grant 
immunity  to,  excuse,  except,  exonerate  {^  an 
obligation  or  burden). 

Exempt,  a.  Exempted,  free,  liberated,  released, 
not  liable,  possessed  of  immunity. 

Exemption,  «.  Immunity,  privilege,  release,  ex- 
ception, freedom  from  liability. 

ExeQUies,  «.  pi.  Obsequies,  funeral  rites,  funeral 
procession,  ceremonies  of  burial.  ' 

Exercise,  «.  I.  Practice,  use,  appliance,  applica- 
tion, performance,  operation,  employment. 

2.  Exertion,  labor,  work,  toil,  effort,  action, 
activity. 

3.  Training,  schooling,  discipline,  drill,  drilling. 

4.  Lesson,  task,  test-lesson,  examples  for  prac- 
tice, praxis. 

Exerc^e,  v.  a.  I.  Exert  {constantly),  employ, 
busy,  apply,  use,  put  in  action,  set  to  work. 

2.  Exert,  wield,  effect,  produce,  carry  into 
effect. 

3.  Discipline,  train,  drill,  break  in,  habituate 
to  practice. 

4.  Practise,  pursue,  carry  on. 

5.  Task,  try,  test,  put  to  the  test. 

6.  Try,  afflict,  burden,  annoy,  trouble,  pain, 
make  anxious,  render  uneasy. 

Exercise,  v.  n.  Labor,  work,  make  exertion,  take 
exercise. 

Exert,  V.  a.  Use,  put  forth,  put  in  action,  bring 
into  operation,  set  to  work.  See  Exercise,  i 
and  2. 

Exertion,  «.  I.  Exerting,  exercise,  use.  See  the 
verb. 

2.  Effort,  endeavor,  struggle,  attempt,  trial, 
strain,  stretch. 

Exert  one's  self.  Labor,  toil,  strive,  try,  en- 
deavor, work,  take  pains,  bestir  one's  self,  fall  to 
work,  work  with  a  will,  leave  no  stone  unturned, 


EXFOLIATE 


165 


EXPATIATE 


do    one's    best,     make     effort,     make     great 
efforts. 
Exfoliate,  v.  n.    Scale  off,  shell  off,  peel  off,  fall 

off  in  scales. 
Exfoliation,  n.     I.  (Min.)    Separation  in  scales 
or  laminae. 

2.   {,Med.)     Desquamation. 
Exlialation,  n-    I.  Evaporation,  emission  of  vapor. 
2.    Vapor,  fume,  effluvium,  steam,  reek,  smoke, 

Exhale,  v.  a.     Emit,  evaporate,  breathe,  emit  in 

vapor,  throw  off  in  effluvia. 
Exhale,  v.  n.    Fly  off,  pass  off,  be  evaporated,  be 

exhaled. 
Exhaust,  V.  a.     I.   Drain,  empty. 

2.  Expend,  spend,  waste,  squander,  consume, 
destroy,  lavish,  dissipate,  fritter  away,  run  through 
(with). 

3.  Prostrate,  cripple,  weaken,  enervate,  debil- 
itate, disable,  deprive  of  strength,  wear  out. 

ExhatlStlesS,  a.     inexhaustible. 
Exhibit,  V.  a.    I.   Show,  display,  present  to  view, 
offer  for  inspection. 

2.  Manifest,  express,  indicate,  disclose,  evince, 
make  known,  bring  to  notice,  bring  into  view, 
point  out,  set  forth. 

3.  (Law. )    Offer,  present,  propose. 

4.  (Med.)    Administer  (tnedicine). 
ExhibiUon,  n.     I.   Display,  show,  manifestation. 

2.  Exposition,  laying  open  to  public  view. 

3.  {Eng.  Universities.)  Allowance,  pension, 
benefaction. 

4.  (Med.)    AAmlnxsXrzXion  (of  medicine). 
Exhilarate,  v.  a.     Cheer,   enliven,    inspirit,  in- 
spire, animate,  stimulate,  elate,  gladden,  make 
merry,  make  glad  <w  joyous. 

Exhilarating-gas,  n.  Nitrous  oxide,  protoxide  of 
nitrogen,  laughing-gas. 

Exhilaration,  n.  I.  Cheering,  enlivening,  ani- 
mating, etc.     See  the  verb. 

2.  Animation,  gayety,  hilarity,  glee,  cheer, 
gladness,  joyousness,  cheerfulness,  good-humor, 
good  spirits,  high  spirits. 

Exhort,  V.  a.  Urge,  incite,  stimulate,  persuade, 
encourage  (to  do  well). 

Exhort,  V.  n.     Give  exhortation,  offer  advice. 

Exhortation,  n.     I.   Advice,  counsel. 
2.   Persuasive  discourse. 

Exhortative,  a.     Exhortatory,  hortatory. 

Exhortatory,  a.     Exhortative,   hortatory. 

Exhumation,  ».      Disinterment,  disentombment. 

Exhume,  v.  a.  Disinter,  unbury,  disentomb,  dis- 
inhume. 

Exigence,  \n.     I.    Demand,   urgency,  necessity, 

Exigency,  )      need,  want,  requirement. 

2.  Emergency,  crisis,  strait,  juncturCj  conjunc- 
ture, quandary,  pass,  pinch,  nonplus,  critical  situ- 
ation, pressing  necessity. 

Exigent,   a.     Urgent,  pressing. 

Exiguity,  «.  Smallness,  slendemess,  fineness, 
exility,  attenuation,  exiguousness. 

Exiguous,  a.  Small,  diminutive,  tiny,  slender, 
slim,  attenuated,  fine. 

Exiguousness,  n.     See  Exiguity. 

E^due,  n.  I.  Banishment,  ostracism,  proscrip- 
tion, expulsion  (from  one's  country),  expatria- 
tion. 

2.  Banished  person. 

3.  Separation  (voluntary  or  by  circumstances) 
from  country,  sunderment  from  home  and  kin- 
dred, isolation  from  fatherland  and  friends. 

4.  Isolated  person. 

Exile,  V.  a.  Banish,  expatriate,  ostracize,  pro- 
scribe, expel  (from  one's  country). 

Exility,  n.  Slendemess,  fineness,  smallness, 
slimness,  diminutiveness,  attenuation,  exiguous- 
ness, exiguity. 


Exist,  V.  n.     I.   Be,  subsist,  have  being. 

2.  Live,  breathe,  have  life,  be  alive. 

3.  Continue,  remain,  endure,  last,  abide. 
Existence,   «.       I.    Being,     existing,    subsisting, 

subsistence. 

2.  Entity,  being,  essence,  creature,  thing. 

3.  Life,  animation. 

4.  Continuance,  duration. 

Exit,  «.  I.  Departure,  withdrawal,  going  off  or 
away  (especially  from  the  stage). 

2.  Decease,   death,    demise,    end,  departure, 
departure  from  life. 

3.  Egress,  passage  out,  way  out. 

Exodus,  «.  I.  Departure  (from  a  country)., 
great  emigration. 

2.  [With  The.'\      Israelitish  migration    from 
Egypt. 

3.  Second  book  of   Moses,   Second  Book  of 
the  Pentateuch. 

Exonerate,  z/.  a.  I.  Exculpate,  absolve,  acquit, 
clear,  justify,  vindicate. 

2.   Release,   absolve,  discharge,  exempt,  ex- 
cept, free,  let  off. 

Exoneration,  n.  I.  Exculpation,  acquittal,  clear- 
ance, justification,  vindication. 

2.   Release,  absolution,  discharge,  exemption, 
exception,  liberation,  letting  off. 

Exorable,  a.  To  be  moved  by  entreaty,  yielding 
to  prayer,  gracious,  merciful. 

Exorbitance,  \  n.    Extravagance,    enormity,    ex- 

Exorbitancy,  j     cess. 

Exorbitant,  a.  Extravagant,  inordinate,  exces- 
sive, enormous,  unreasonable. 

Exorcise,  v.  a.  I.  Drive  away  (by  conjurations), 
cast  out. 

2.   Deliver  from  malignant  spirits,  purify  from 
evil  influence. 

Exorcism,  n.    I.     Exorcising.     See  the  verb. 
2.  Spell,     charm,      incantation,      exorcising 
formula. 

Exordium,  «.  [L.  pi.  Exordia  ;  Eng.  pi.  Exor- 
diums.\  Introduction,  opening,  preamble,  pref- 
ace, proem,  prelude,  prologue. 

Exosmose,   )  n.    Transudation  outward,   outward 

Exosmosis,  f     osmose. 

Exoteric,     \  a.     Public,  open,   external,  superfi- 

Exoterical,  \  cial,  addressed  to  the  public,  for 
the  multitude,  ad  populum. 

Exotic,      )  a.     Foreign,   extraneous,    not    indige- 

Exotical,  )      nous,  not  native,  derived  from  abroad. 

Expand,  V.  a.  I.  Spread,  open,  unfold,  evolve, 
lay  open,  spread  out. 

2.  Dilate,  distend,  swell,  fill  out,  blow  up. 

3.  Extend,  stretch,  enlarge,  increase,  diffuse. 
Expand,  V.  n.     I.   Open,  be  unfolded,  be  spread 

out. 

2.  Dilate,  enlarge,  be  distended,  increase  in 
bulk. 
Expanse,  n.     I.   Extent,   expansion,   stretch,   ex- 
panded surface. 

2.   [With    The.'\      Firmament,    sky,    welkin, 
vault,  canopy,  arch  of  heaven,  arch  of  the  sky. 
Expansion,      n.        I.      Expanding,     spreading, 
opening. 

2.  Dilatation,  distension,  swelling. 

3.  Enlargement,  increase,  diffusion. 

4.  Extent,  expanse,  stretch. 

Expansive,  a.  I.  Expanding,  dilating,  tending 
to  expand  or  be  expanded,  to  dilate  or  be 
dilated. 

2.  Diffusive,  pervasive. 

3.  Wide-reaching,    comprehensive,    wide-em- 
bracing, far-reaching,  wide-extending. 

Ex  jparte.    [L.l    One-sided,  partisan,  one-sidedly, 

with  partisan  bias. 
Expatiate,  v.n.    I.  Rove  at  large,  range  at  will, 

take  a  wide  survey. 


EXPATRIATE 


166 


EXPLOITATION 


2.  Dilate,  enlarge,  descant,  be  copious,  launch 
out. 

Expatriate,  v.  a.  Banish,  exile,  ostracize,  pro- 
scribe, expel  (  from  one's  country). 

Expatriate  one's  self.  Break  the  ties  of  coun- 
try, renounce  one's  country,  renounce  one's  na- 
tive allegiance,  become  a  citizen  of  another 
country. 

Expatriation,  «.  Exile,  banishment,  proscrip- 
tion, expulsion  {frotn  one's  country). 

Expect,  V.  a.     I.   Await,  wait  for. 

2.  Anticipate,  look  for,  look  forward  to,  count 
upon,  reckon  upon,  calculate  upon,  rely  upon. 

Expectance,  «.     Expectation,  expectancy. 

Expectancy,  »•     I.   Expectation,  expectance. 
2.  {Law.)    Abeyance,  prospect. 

Expectant*  a.  Waiting,  looking  for,  looking  for- 
ward to. 

Expectation,  «.  I.  Anticipation,  prospect,  ex- 
pectance, expectancy. 

2.  Reliance,  confidence,  assurance,  presump- 
tion. 

Expectorate,  v.  a.  Hawk  up,  cough  up,  eject 
from  the  trachea,  spit  out  or  up. 

Expedience,  \n.    I.  Fitness,  propriety,  suitable- 
Expediency,  j      ness,  advisability,  desirableness, 
ifo  or  for  a  given  end). 

2.  Advantage,  profit,  utility. 

3.  Advantageousness,  profitableness,  useful- 
ness,  utility,  judiciousness. 

Expe<Uent,  a..  I.  Fit,  proper,  suitable,  advisable, 
desirable  {in  view  ojf  an  end  proposed). 

2.  Advantageous,  profitable,  useful,  for  one's 
advantage,  for  one's  interest. 

Expedient,  «.  Shift,  resource,  resort,  contrivance, 
means. 

Expedite,  v.  a.  Hasten,  accelerate,  despatch, 
speed,  hurry,  quicken,  precipitate,  forward,  ad- 
vance, press  forward,  urge  forward,  press  on, 
urge  on. 

Expedition,  n.  I.  Haste,  speed,  despatch,  celer- 
ity, quickness,  promptness,  alacrity,  alertness. 

2.  Enterprise,  undertaking. 

3.  March  or  voyage,  hostile  undertaking. 
Expeditious,  a.     I.    Speedy,  quick,  swift,   rapid. 

2.  Prompt,  swift,  punctual,   diligent,  nimble, 
alert. 
Expel,  v.a.     I.   Eject,  dislodge,  drive  out,  force 
away,  thrust  out  or  forth. 

2.  Eject,  void,  evacuate,  discharge. 

3.  Remove  (by  penalty\  exclude  permanently, 
exscind. 

4.  Banish,  exile,  expatriate,  ostracize,  pro- 
scribe. 

Expend,  V.  a.     I.   Disburse,  spend,  lay  out. 

2.  Use,  employ,  exert,  consume. 

3.  Exhaust,  consume,  waste,  scatter,  dissipate. 
Expenditure*  «.       I.    Disbursement,    spending, 

outlay,  outlaying,  laying  out. 

2.   Expense,  cost,  charge,  outlay. 

Expense,  «.     Cost,  charge,  expenditure,  outlay. 

Expensive,  a.     I.   Dear,   costly,    high-priced,     of 
great  price,  requiring  great  outlay. 
2.    Lavish,  extravagant,  wasteful. 

Experience,  «.  I.  Actual  observation,  actual 
trial,  actual  feeling,  actual  presentation. 

2.  Continued  or  repeated  observation,  long 
practice,  thorough  acquaintance  with  facts, 
knowledge  gained  from  observation,  experi- 
mental knowledge,  practical  wisdom. 

Experience,  v.  a.  I.  Feel,  be  the  subject  of, 
have  in  one's  own  perceptions  or  sensations  or 
feelings,  actually  observe,  have  before  one's 
own  senses,  prove  by  trial,  have  practical  ac- 
quaintance with. 

2.  Undergo,  be  the  subject  of. 

3.  Endure,  suffer,  be  subjected  to. 


Experienced,  a.  Practised,  instructed,  accom- 
plished, thoroughbred,  versed,  qualified,  able. 

Experiment,  «.  I.  Trial,  test,  examination,  as- 
say, proof,  touchstone,  ordeal. 

2.  Organized  observation,  prearranged  inves- 
tigation, exact  trial,  use  of  experiments,  experi- 
mentation. 

Experiment,  v.  n.  Make  experiment,  make 
trial. 

Experimental,  a.  I.  Empiric,  empirical,  experi- 
ential, from  experience,  tried,  tested,  verified, 
ascertained,  founded  on  fact,  supported  by  ex- 
periment or  observation. 

2.  Inwardly  felt,  actually  undergone,  really 
had  or  experienced. 

3.  Tentative,  in  the  way  of  experiment,  that 
feels  its  way,  empirical,  awaiting  verification. 

Expert,  a.  Adroit,  dexterous,  ready,  prompt, 
quick,  apt,  clever,  able,  skilful. 

Expert,  n.  Experienced  person,  person  specially 
versed  (/«  a  given  subject),  skilled  hand,  con- 
noisseur,  master,  master-hand. 

Expiate,  v.  a.  Atone  for,  do  penance  for,  make 
satisfaction  or  reparation  for. 

Expiation,  n.     I.  Atonement,  satisfaction,  repa- 
ration. 
2.   Expiatory  offering,  penitential  act. 

Expiration,  «.     I.  Emission  of  breath. 

2.  Death,  decease,  demise,  exit,  departure. 

3.  Termination,  cessation,  close,  end,  con- 
clusion. 

Expire,  v.  a.     Breathe  out,  emit  from  the  lungs. 

Expire,  v.n.  I.  Decease,  draw  the  last  breath. 
See  Die. 

2.  End,  terminate,  cease,  conclude,  stop, 
come  to  an  end. 

Explain,  v.  a.  I.  Interpret,  elucidate,  expound, 
illustrate,  unfold,  clear  up,  make  plain,  throw 
light  upon,  eclaircize  {recent). 

2«  Account  for,  give  the  reasons  for,  make 
intelligible,  solve,  w;arrant,  justify,  reduce  to  law 
or  to  ascertained  principles,  trace  to  causes. 

Explain,  v.  n.     Make  an  explanation. 

Explainable,  a.  Explicable,  that  may  be  ex- 
plained. 

Explanation*  n.  I.  Interpretation,  elucidation, 
illustration,  exposition,  description,  explication. 

2.  Solution,  account,  warrant,  justification, 
deduction,  key,  clavis, 

3.  Mutual  understanding. 
Explanatory,  a.     I.   Illustrative,  elucidative,  ex- 
pository, serving  to  explain. 

2.  Accounting,  justifying,  justificative,  justifi- 
catory, warranting,  giving  reasons,  vindicative, 
vindicatory,  tracing  to  causes  or  principles. 

Expletive,  a.     Superfluous,  redundant. 

Expletive,  n.     Expletive  word  or  syllable. 

Explicable,  a.  Explainable,  to  be  accounted  for 
or  made  intelligible. 

Explication,  «.  Interpretation,  explanation,  ex- 
position, illustration. 

Explidit,  a.  Express,  clear,  plain,  positive,  defi- 
nite, determinate,  categorical,  unambiguous, 
unreserved. 

Explode,  v.  a.  I.  Discharge,  burst,  displode, 
detonate. 

2.  Discard,  repudiate,  scout,  scorn,  contemn, 
cry  down,  treat  with  contempt,  bring  into  dis- 
repute. 

Explode,  V.  n.  Burst,  displode,  detonate,  be 
discharged. 

Exploit,  n.  Act  {especially  an  heroic  act),  deed, 
feat,  achievement. 

Exploit,  v.  a.  [Recent.]  Utilize,  put  to  use  or 
service,  work  up. 

Exploitation,  «.  [Recent."]  Exploiting.  See  the 
verb. 


EXPLORATION 


157 


EXTERIOR 


Exploration,  «.    Examination,  scrutiny,  inquiry, 
research,  inquisition. 

Explore,  V.  a.     I.    Examine,   scrutinize,  investi- 
gate, search  into,  inquire  into,  pry  into. 

2.  Examine  (countries)  geographically,  travel 
through  observingly. 

Explosion,  n.     Burst,  bursting,  detonation,  blast, 
clap,  pop,  crack,  sudden  discharge. 

Exponent,  «.      Index,   indication,   representative, 
type,  example,  specimen,  illustration. 

Export,  V.  a.     Send  out  {inerchandUe  front  one 
country  to  another),  carry  out,  send  abroad. 

Export,  n.     Commodity  exported. 

Expose,  V.  a.     I.   Uncover,  bare,  make  bare. 

2.  Disclose,  detect,  descry,  lay  open,  show  up, 
bring  to  light. 

3.  Unmask,  denounce,  show  up,  strip  of  dis- 
guises or  concealments,  show  in  one's  real  light. 

4.  Subject,  make  liable. 

5.  Endanger,  jeopardize,  put  in  danger,  put  in 
peril. 

6.  {Said  of  in/ants.^  Leave  out,  abandon, 
leave  in  a  solitary  place,  abandon  to  the  perils  of 
solitude. 

7.  Exhibit,  set  in  view,  put  in  a  conspicuous 
place. 

Expose^  «.      [Fr.]    I.   Exposition,  formal  state- 
ment, exhibit,  manifesto. 

2.  Exposure,  divulgement,  revelation,  depre- 
cated publication. 

£2CpOsitlon,  n.     I.  Exposure,  disclosing,  laying 
open. 

2.  Explanation,  interpretation,  elucidation, 
explication. 

3.  Exhibition,  show,  display. 

Expositor,  n.    Expounder,  explainer,  interpreter. 

Expository,   a-    _  Explanatory,   illustrative,    exe- 
getical,  elucidative. 

Exposttllate,  v.  n.    [Followed  by  with  ]    Remon- 
strate, reason  earnestly  and  dissuasively. 

Expostulation,  «.     Remonstrance,  protest. 

Exposure,  ».     I.  Exposing.     See  Expos6,  in  all 
senses. 

2.  Position  {with  reference  to  the  points  of 
the  compass),  aspect,  prospect,  outlook,  frontage, 
front. 

Expound,  V.  a,     I.   Give  an  account  of,  rehearse, 
reproduce,  present,  unfold,  develop. 

2.  Explam,  interpret,  elucidate,  clear  up,  lay 
open,  make  plain. 

Expounder,  «.     I.   Expositor,   rehearser,    repro- 
ducer. 

2.  Interpreter,  commentator,  elucidator,  ex- 
positor. 

Express,  v.  a.     I.   Squeeze  out,  press  out. 

2.  Utter,  speak,  declare,  assert,  set  forth,  give 
vent  to,  give  utterance  to. 

3.  Represent,  indicate,  show,  signify,  exhibit, 
denote,  intimate. 

4.  Send  by  expressj  send  express. 
Express,  a.      I.    Explicit,   clear,   plain,   definite, 

positive,  determinate,  categorical,  unambiguous, 
clearly  stated. 

2.  Exact,  accurate,  close,  faithful,  true, 
precise. 

3.  Special,  particular. 

4.  Swift,  rapid,  fast. 

Express,  ft.     I.   Special  messenger  <;r  courier. 

2.  Message,  despatch. 

3.  Speedy  convevance,  rapid  transmission. 
Expressai;e,  «.      Charges  (for  anything  sent  by 

express),  express-charges. 
Expression,  «.      I.   Squeezing  out,  pressing  out. 

2.  Utterance,  declaration,  assertion,  statement. 

3.  Phrase,  term,  form  of  words,  mode  of 
speech. 

4.  Look,  cast  of  countenance,  play  of  features,  i 


5.  General  tone,  pervading  effect,  pervasive 
feeling. 

6.  Lively  representation,  effective  exhibition. 

7.  Modulation,  suitable  feeling  and  execution. 
Expressive,  a.      I.   [With   ^.]     Significant,    in- 
dicative. 

2.  Emphatic,  strong,  forcible,  energetic,  lively, 
vivid. 

3.  Appropriate,  sympathetic,  well-modulated. 
Express  one's  self.     I.    Speak  or  write,  deliver 

one's  self,    make  known  one's  opinions,   senti- 
ments, or  feelings. 

2.  Speak  one's  mind,  say  one's  say. 

3.  Say,  state,  declare. 
Expulsion,  n.     I.   Expelling,  driving  out 

2.  Ejection,  extrusion,  banishment. 

3.  Permanent  exclusion,  separation  from 
membership,  excision. 

Expunge,  v.  a.  Erase,  efface,  obliterate,  cancel, 
delete,  blot  out,  strike  out,  rub  out,  wipe  out. 

Expurgate,  v.  a.  Purify,  purge,  cleanse,  free 
from  objectionable  matter. 

Expurgation,  «.  Purification,  cleansing,  freeing 
from  objectionable  matter. 

Exquisite,  a,  I.  Nice,  exact,  accurate,  discrimi- 
nating,   delicate,  refined. 

2.  Select,  choice,  excellent,  rare,  valuable, 
precious. 

3.  Consummate,  complete,  perfect,  matchless. 

4.  Acute,  intense,  poignant,  keen. 
Exquisite,  ».     Dandy,  fop,  coxcomb,  beau,  popin- 
jay,    jackanapes,    jack-a-dandy,   man     milliner, 
man  of  dress,  vain  fellow. 

Exsiccate,  v.  a.^  Dry,  desiccate,  make  dry,  dry  up. 

Extant,  a.  Existing,  undestroyed,  in  being,  m 
existence,  not  lost. 

Extemporaneous,  a.  Unpremeditated,  off-hand, 
extemporary,  extempore,  improvised. 

Extemporary,  a.  Unpremeditated,  off-hand,  ex- 
temporaneous, extempore,  improvised. 

Extempore,  ad.  [L.]  Suddenly,  without  premed- 
itation, without  preparation,  off-hand,  on  the 
spur  of  the  moment. 

Extempore,  a.  [L.]  Extemporary,  extempora- 
neous, improvised. 

Extemporize,  v.  n.  Speak  extempore,  impro- 
vise, speak  without  notes,  speak  without  pre- 
meditation, make  an  off-hand  speech  or  address. 

Extend,  v.  a.  I.  Stretch  out,  reach  out,  reach 
forth. 

2.  Prolong,   continue,  lengthen   out,  protract. 

3.  Expand,  dilate,  enlarge,  widen,  augment, 
increase,  fill  out. 

4.  Diffuse,  spread  abroad. 

5.  Offer,  yield,  give,  impart. 
Extend,  V.  n.  Stretch,  reach,  spread. 
Extendible,  a.  Extensible,  extensile. 
Extensible,  a.  Extendible,  extensile. 
Extensile,  a.  Extensible,  extendible. 
Extension,  «.     I.   Extendedness. 

2.  Expansion,  dilatation,  dilation,  enlarge- 
ment, increase,  augmentation. 

Extensive,  a.  Wide,  large,  broad,  comprehen- 
sive, capacious,  extended,  expanded. 

Extent,  n.     I.    Expansion,  expanse,  amplitude. 

2.  Bulk,  size,  magnitude,  volume. 

3.  Length,  reach,  stretch,  compass. 
Extenuate,  v.  a.     I.   Lessen,  diminish,  reduce  in 

size  or  bulk. 

2.   Palliate,  mitigate,  qualify,  excuse,  apolo- 
gize for. 
Extenuation,    n.      I.    Diminution,    abatement, 
mitigation. 
2.   Palliation,  excuse,  apology. 
Exterior,  a.      I.  Outward,   external,    outer,   out- 
side, superficial. 
2.   Extrinsic,  foreign,  irom  without. 


EXTERIOR 


158 


EYE 


Exterior,    «.       I.    Outside,    outer  part,    outer 
surface. 
2.   (Outward)  appearance. 
Exterminate,  v.  a.     I.   Extirpate,  eradicate,  up- 
root, annihilate,  destroy,  abolish,  root  out,  put 
an  end  to. 
2.  (Math.)    Eliminate. 
Extermination,  «.     I.   Extirpation,  eradication, 
annihilation,    destruction,    extinction,    abolition, 
excision. 
2.   {Math.)    Elimination. 
Extern,  «.     I.  Day-scholar. 

2.   {Rare.)     Exterior,  outward  part. 
External,  a.     I.   Outward,  outer,    exterior,  out- 
side, superficial. 

2.  Extrinsic,  foreign,  from  without. 

3.  Visible,  apparent. 

Externals,  «.  pi.    Outside,  outward  parts,  things 

as  seen,  visible  forms. 
Extinct,  a.     I.   Extinguished,  quenched,  put  out. 
2.    Ended,      terminated,      closed,      vanished, 
brought  to  an  end,  no  longer  existing. 
Extinction,  «.     I.   Extinguishment. 

2.  Destruction,  annihilation,  extirpation,  exter- 
mination, excision,  abolition,  abolishment. 
Extinguish,  v.  a.     I.   Quench,  put  out. 

2.   Destroy,  suppress,  put  down. 
ExtLngruisliment,  «.     I.   Quenching,  extinction. 
2.   Destruction,   suppression,   abolition,   abol- 
ishment.    See  Extinction,  2. 
Extirpate,  v.  a.     Eradicate,  uproot,   exterminate, 

annihilate,  destroy,  abolish,  root  out. 
Extirpation,  «.     Eradication,  uprooting,  extermi- 
nation, annihilation,  destruction,  extinction,  ex- 
cision, abolition,  rooting  out  or  up. 
Extol,  V.  a.     I.   Praise,  laud,  magnity,  exalt,  cele- 
brate, glorify. 

2.    Eulogize,  panegyrize,  applaud,  be  lauda- 
tory of,  glorify,  commend  highly. 
Extoller,    n.      Praiser,     panegyrist,     encomiast, 

eulogist.  .  ,    , 

Extort,  V.  a.     Exact,  wrest,  wring,  wrench,  force, 

wring  from  by  intimidation  or  terrorism. 
Elrtortton,  «.     I.   Exaction,  illegal  compulsion. 

2.   {Colloq.)     Exorbitance,  exorbitant  charge. 
Extortionate,  a.    I.  Oppressive,  exacting,  severe, 
hard,  harsh. 
2.  (Colloq.)     Exorbitant 
Extra,  a.    I.  Additional,  supplementary,  supple- 
mental. 
2.  Unusual,  extraordinary,  extreme. 
Extract,  v.  a.     I.   Draw  out,  pull  out,  take  out. 

2.  Derive  (by  chemical  process). 

3.  Select  (from  a  literary  work),  cite,  quote. 

4.  (Math.)    Determine  ^r  find  (a  root). 
Extract,  «.     I.   Quotation,  citation,  selection,  ex- 
cerpt, passage  quoted. 

2.  (Chem.)     Inspissated    infusion   or  decoc- 
tion. 
Extraction,    «.     I.  Drawing    out,    pulling   out, 
pulling. 

2.  Lineage,  descent,  birth,  origin,  genealogy, 
parentage. 

3.  (Math.)    Determination  (<V^ /z  r^^/). 
Extradite,  v.  a.     Deliver,   surrender,  send  to  a 

foreign  nation  (on  demand  for  trial). 

Extradition,  «.  Delivery  or  surrender  (of  fugi- 
tives from  justice  by  one  nation  to  another). 

Extraneous,  a.     I.   Foreign,  extrinsic. 

2.   Non-pertinent,  not  germane,  unessential, 
superfluous. 

Extraordinary,  a.  Remarkable,  unusual,  un- 
common, singular,  signal,  egregious,  rare,  ex- 
tra, out  of  the  way,  unheard  of,  more  than 
common. 

Extravagance,  «.  I.  Excess,  exorbitance,  enor- 
mity, unreasonableness,  preposterousness. 


2.  Irregularity,  wildness,  folly,  excess,  ab- 
surdity. 

3.  Prodigality,  profusion,  waste,  lavish  ex- 
penditure. 

Extravagant,  a.  I.  Excessive,  inordinate,  ex- 
orbitant, unreasonable,  preposterous. 

2.  Irregular,  wild,  foolish,  absurd. 

3.  Wasteful,  lavish,  profuse,  prodigal,  spend- 
thrift, 

Extravasated,  a.  Effused,  forced  out,  thrown 
out  (of  djtcts  or  vessels). 

£2Ctravasation,  «.  Effusion  {from  ducts  or  ves- 
sels), ejection,  evacuation. 

Extreme,  a,  I.  Outermost,  utmost,  farthest, 
uttermost,  most  distant,  most  remote. 

2.  Greatest,  highest,  of  the  highest  degree,  of 
the  rarest  kind. 

3.  Last,  final,  ultimate. 

4.  Extravagant,  immoderate,  excessive,  un- 
reasonable. 

Extreme,  «.     I.  End,  extremity. 

2.   Highest  degree,  acme,  climax. 
Extremes,  «.  //.    I.   Extremities,  terminal  points. 

2.  (.Log.)    Subject  and  predicate. 

3.  (Math.)  First  and  last  terms  (of  a  PrO' 
portion). 

Extremity,  n.  I.  End,  termination,  verge,  edge, 
border,  extreme. 

2.  Utmost  point,  highest  degree. 

3.  Utmost  distress,  greatest  difficulty. 
Extricate,  v.   a.     Disengage,   disentangle,   clear, 

disembarrass,  relieve,  liberate,  deliver,  free,  set 
free. 

Extrication,  «.  Disentanglement,  liberation,  re- 
lease, relief,  deliverance. 

Extrinsic,     I  a.    External,  outward,  extraneous, 

Extrinsical, )      foreign. 

Extrude,  v.  a.  Expel,  eject,  push  out,  force  out, 
thrust  out. 

Extrusion,  «.     Expulsion,  ejection. 

Exuberance,  n.  I.  Luxuriance,  copiousness, 
abundance,  plenitude,  flood. 

2.  Superabundance,  superfluity,  redundance, 
redundancy,  excess,  overgrowth,  rankness,  over- 
luxuriance,  over-abundance,  wantonness,  over- 
flow, lavishness,  profusion. 

Exuberant,  a.  I.  Luxuriant,  copious,  abundant, 
abounding,  prolific,  rich,  fertile,  flowing. 

2.  Over-abundant,  superabundant,  super- 
abounding,  redundant,  excessive,  rank,  over- 
hixuriant,  profuse,  lavish,   overflowing,  wanton. 

Exudation,  n.  Excretion,  secretion,  sweating, 
oozing. 

Exude,  V.  a.  Excrete,  secrete,  dischai^e  [by 
pores),  throw  out. 

Exude,  V.  n.  Ooze,  be  excreted,  be  secreted, 
come  out  through  the  pores,  come  out  in  drops 
or  beads. 

Exult,  V.  n.  Triumph,  rejoice  (for  success  or  vic- 
tory), leap  for  joy,  be  in  transport,  rejoice  exces- 
sively, rejoice  tauntingly. ... 

Exultant,  a.  Exulting,  triumphing,  joyous,  jubi- 
lant, transported,  elated. 

Exultation,  «.  Joy  (for  success  or  victory), 
transport,  elation,  delight,  triumph. 

Exuviae,  «.  pi.  Remains  (of  animals,  as  skins, 
shells,  etc?),  sheddings,  cast  coverings,  refuse 
parts. 

Eye,  n.     I.   Orjgan  of  sight,  organ  of  vision. 

2.  Sight,  view,  estimate,  judgment. 

3.  Watch,  notice,  vigilance,  observation,  in- 
spection. 

4.  Perforation,  aperture,  eyelet,  eyelet- 
hole. 

5.  Bud,  shoot. 

Eye,  V.  a.  Watch,  observe,  view,  look  on,  fix  the 
eye  on,  keep  in  view,  have  an  eye  on. 


EYEBRIGHT 


159 


F.ECES 


Eyebrlghtt  «.     Euphrasy,  euphrasia  {Euphrasia 

officinalis). 
Eyelet,  «.    Perforation,  aperture,  eye,  eyelet-hole. 
Eyelet-hole,  n.    Eyelet. 
Eyeaiglit,  n.    I.  Vision,  sense  of  seeing. 


2.  View,  observation,  inspection. 
Eye-tooth,  n.    Canine  tooth,  cuspidate  tooth. 
Eye- water,  «.    Collyrium,  wash  or  lotion  for  the 

eyes. 
Eyry,  ».    Nest  {of  a  bird  ofprey\ 


Fabian,  a.      Dilatory,  inactive,   procrastinating, 

delaying. 
Fable,   «.      I.    Story  {fictitious),   tale,  parable, 

apologue,  allegory,  myth,  legend. 

2.  Plot,  action,  series  of  events. 

3.  Fiction,  falsehood,  lie,  untruth,  forgery, 
invention,  fabrication,  figment,  coinage  of  the 
brain. 

Fable,  v.  «.    Tell  fables,  make  fables,  fabricate 

tales,  write  fiction. 
Fable,  V.  a.     Feign,  invent,  fabricate. 
Fabler,  «.     Fabulist,  writer  of  fables. 
Fabric,  «■      I.   Building,  structure,  edifice,  pile. 

2.  Texture,  conformation,  make,  workmanship. 

3.  Manufactured  cloth,  textile  product,  woven 
stuff. 

Fabricate,  v.  a.     I.   Frame,  construct,  build. 

2.  Manufacture,  make. 

3.  Invent,  feign,  forge,  coin. 
Fabrication,  ».     I.    Construction. 

2.  Manufacture. 

3.  Invention,  fiction,  forgery,  falsehood,  fig- 
ment, coinage  of  the  brain,  fable. 

Fabulist,  «.     Fabler,  writer  of  fables. 

Fabulous,  a.  Invented,  feigned,  fictitious,  un- 
real, fabricated,  coined. 

Facade,  «.  [Fr.]  Front  {of  a  building),  face, 
elevation,  front  view. 

Face,  «.    I.   Surface,  external  part. 

2.  Front,  front  part. 

3.  Visage,  countenance. 

4.  Look,  appearance,  semblance,  external 
aspect. 

5.  Confidence,  assurance,  boldness,  impu- 
dence, audacity,  effrontery,    brass. 

Face,  V.  a.  I.  Confiront,  meet  in  front,  meet  face 
to  face. 

2.  Front,  stand  opposite  to,  stand  over 
against. 

3.  Put  a  face  or  surface  on,  polish,  dress, 
smooth,  level. 

4.  Cover,  put  a  facing  on,  incrust,  veneer. 

5.  Put  face  upward. 

Face,  V.  n.     Front,  turn  the  face. 

Face-guard,  «.     Mask,  beaver. 

Facet,  n.     Small  face  or  surface. 

Facetiae,  «.  pi.  [L]  Witticisms,  jokes,  pleas- 
antry, witty  sayings,  sallies  of  wit,  bits  of  humor. 

Facetious,  a.  I.  witty,  jocular,  jocose,  humor- 
ous, waggish,  funny,  comical,  pleasant,  droll. 

2.  Gay,  merry,  sportive,  sprightly,  lively, 
entertaining. 

Face  to  face.    I.   Confronting  one  another. 

2.  Close,  side  by  side,  cheek  by  jowl,  in  close 
proximity,  tite  h  tHe. 

3.  Immediately,  without  anything  inter- 
posmg. 

FacUe, «.    I.  Easy. 

2.  Mild,  courteous,  affable,  complaisant,  ap- 
proachable, conversible. 

3.  Pliant,  pliable,  flexible,  ductile,  yielding, 
tractable,  manageable,  compliant,  easily  per- 
suaded. 

4.  Dexterous,  ready. 


Facilitate,  v.  a.  Make  easy,  render  less  diffi- 
cult. 

Facility,  n.  I.  Easiness  {in  doing  anything), 
ease. 

2.  Readiness,  dexterity,  expertness,  quick- 
ness, knack,  ability. 

3.  Affability,  condescension,  complaisance, 
urbanity,  civility,  politeness. 

4.  Pliancy,  ductility,  flexibility. 

5.  Means,  resource,  appliance,  convenience, 
advantage. 

Fac-simife,  n.     Exact  copy,  reproduction. 

Fact,  n.  I.  Incident,  event,  occurrence,  circum- 
stance, act,  deed,  performance,  thing  done. 

2.  Reality,  actuality,  certainty,  real  existence, 
truth. 

Faction,  «.  I.  Combination  {against  a  govern- 
ment), cabal,  junto,  clique,  party. 

2.  Tumult,  turbulence,  turbulency,  disorder, 
sedition,  seditiousness,  refractoriness,  recalcitra- 
tion,  discord,  dissension,  disagreement. 

Factious,  a.  I.  Turbulent,  seditious,  refractory, 
recalcitrant,  rebellious,  given  to  faction. 

2.  Full  of  faction,  proceeding  from  faction, 
•editions,  rebellious. 

Factitious,  a.    Artificial,  made  by  art,  not  natural. 

Factor,  «.  I.  Agent,  substitute,  consignee,  mid- 
dleman, go-between,  broker,  commission  mer- 
chant. 

2.  {Math.)    Divisor,  element  of  a  product. 

3.  Constituent,  constitutive  element,  determin- 
ing element  or  circumstance  or  influence. 

Factor,  v.  a.     Resolve  into  factors,  find  the  factors 

of. 
Factory,  «.     I.   Residence  of  factors. 

2.  Body  of  factors. 

3.  Manufactory,  mill,  manufacturing  estab- 
lishment. 

Factotum,  n.    Doer  of  all  work,  jack-at-all-trades. 
Faculty,  «.    I.  Power,  capability,  ability,  capacity, 
endowment,  property,  quality. 

2.  Skill,  skilfulness,  ability,  ableness,  power, 
capacity,  dexterity,  adroitness,  expertness,  ad- 
dress, ingenuity,  competency,  cleverness,  apti- 
tude^ aptness,  knack,  turn,  quickness,  readiness, 
facility,  talent,  forte. 

3.  Department,  profession,  body  {of  a  learned 
profession,  especially  medicine). 

4.  Body  oi  professors,  officers  of  instruction 
{in  a  university  or  college^. 

5.  {Law. )    Privilege,  license,  right. 

Fade,  V.  n.  I.  Vanish,  disappear,  evanesce,  pass 
away,  be  seen  no  more. 

2.  Decline,  droop,  languish,  decay,  wither. 

3.  Lose  color,  lose  lustre,  grow  dim,  blanch, 
bleach. 

Fadeless,  a.    Unfading,  undeclining,  undecaying, 

unwithering,  enduring,  changeless. 
Fadge,  V.  n.      I.   Suit,  fit,  agree,  harmonize,  be 

suitable. 

2.  Agree,  maintain  concord,  harmonize,  live 
in  amity. 

3.  Succeed,  hit. 

Faeces,  «.    I.  Sediment,  dregs,  lees,  settlings. 


FAG 


160 


FALLACIOUS 


2.  Excrement,  dung,  ordure,  dejections,    al- 
vine  discharges. 
Fag,  V.  n.     I.   Droop,  sink,  flag,  grow  weary,  be- 
come fatigued,  be  tired. 

2.  Drudge,  toil,  work  to  weariness. 

3.  Be  a  fag,  play  the  fag,  do  menial  service. 
Fag,  V.  a.     I.   Make  a  fag  of,  compel  to  serve  or 

drudge. 
2.  Tire,  weary,  fatigue,  jade,  use  up,  tire  out, 

exhaust. 
Fag,   H.      [Especially  applied  in  England  to  a 

schoolboy  who  does  menial  service  /or  another. \ 

Drudge,  menial,  slave. 
Fagged,  a.     Wearied,   tired,  fatigued,  exhausted, 

jaded,  used  up,  beat  out. 
Fagot,   n.      [Written   also  Faggot.\      Bundle    of 

sticks,  fascine  {fort. ). 
Fail,  V.  n.  I.  Fall  short,  come  short,  be  insufficient, 

be  deficient,  be  wanting. 

2.  Decline,  sink,  decay,  wane,  fade,  break, 
give  out. 

3.  Cease,  disappear,  become  extinct,  be 
wanting. 

4.  Miss,  miscarry,  be  unsuccessful,  be  frus- 
trated, end  in  smoke,  come  to  nothing,  fall  still- 
bom,  flash  in  the  pan,  miss  fire,  miss  stays,  fall 
to  the  ground. 

5.  Omit,  neglect. 

6.  Break,  become  insolvent,  become  bank- 
rupt, suspend  payment. 

Fail,  V.  a.  Disappoint,  be  wanting  to,  not  be 
sufficient  for,  not  answer  the  expectation  of. 

Fail,  «.  [Used  only  in  the  expression  Without 
fail.'\     Omission,  neglect,  failure,  delinquency. 

Failing,  n.     I.   Decline,  decay. 

2.  Miscarriage,  failure. 

3.  Fault,  foible,  frailty,  shortcoming,  imjjer- 
fection,  deficiency,  defect,  weakness,  infirmity, 
weak  side,  blind  side. 

4.  Lapse,  error,  slip. 

5.  Bankruptcy,  insolvency,  becoming  bank- 
rupt or  insolvent. 

Failure,  «.  I.  Deficiency,  defectiveness,  short- 
coming. 

2.  Omission,  neglect,  fail,  non-performance, 
non-observance. 

3.  Miscarriage,  botch,  abortion,  ill  success, 
flash  in  the  pan,  labor  for  one's  pains,  losing 
game,  wild-goose  chase,  sleeveless  errand, 

4.  Insolvency,  bankruptcy,  suspension  of  pay- 
ment, failing,  becoming  bankrupt  or  insolvent. 

5.  Decay,  decline,  declension,  loss. 

Fain,  a.     Glad,   pleased,   rejoiced,   well-pleased, 

eager,  inclined,  anxious. 
Fain,  ad.      Gladly,  joyfully,   with  pleasure,  with 

joy,  eagerly,  willingly. 
Faint,  v.  n.     I.   Swoon,  faint  away. 

2,  Languish,  fail,  fade,  grow  weak,  fail  in 
vigor,  lose  strength, 

3.  Be  disheartened,  be  discouraged,  be  de- 
jected, be  depressed,  lose  courage,  be  dispirited, 
be  down-hearted,  sink  into  dejection. 

Faint,  a.     I.   Swooning,  fainting  away. 

2.  Weak,  feeble,  drooping,  exhausted,  lan- 
guid. 

3.  Small,  little,  slight,  inconsiderable. 

4.  Dim,  dull,  slight,  indistinct,  scarce  percep- 
tible, almost  imperceptible. 

5.  Fearful,  timid,  timorous,  cowardly,  das- 
tardly, faint-hearted. 

6.  Dejected,  depressed,  dispirited,  disheart- 
ened, discouraged. 

Faint  away.     Swoon,  faint. 

Faint-hearted,  a.  Timid,  timorous,  fearful, 
cowardly,  dastardly,  faint. 

Fair,  a.  I.  Spotless,  unspotted,  untarnished,  un- 
blemished, unstained. 


2.  White,  light,  blond. 

3.  Handsome,  comely,  beautiful. 

4.  Pleasant,  clear,  cloudle&s,  unclouded. 

5.  Favorable,  prosperous. 

6.  Promising,  hopeful. 

7.  Open,  distinct,  plain,  unobstructed,  unen- 
cumbered, 

8.  Frank,  honest,  candid,  ingenuous,  just, 
honorable,  upright,  impartial,  unbiassed. 

9.  Reasonable,  proper,  equitable,  just. 

10.  Tolerable,  passable,  pretty  good,  more  than 
middling,  above  mediocrity. 

Fair-minded,  a.  Candid,  just,  equitable,  impar- 
tial, unbiassed. 

Fair  play.  Justice,  equity,  fairness,  equitable 
treatment  or  action. 

Fair-spoken,  a.     I.   Civil,  courteous,  bland,  com- 
plaisant, gracious. 
2.    Plausible,  smooth,  bland,  oily,  unctuous. 

Fairy,  «.     Fay,  elf,  pigwidgeon. 

Faith,  «.  I.  Belief  {that  prompts  to  action), 
credence,  credit,  trust,  assurance,  confidence, 
dependence,  reliance. 

2.  Creed,  persuasion,  tenets,  dogmas,  doc- 
trines, religion,  system  of  religion, 

3.  Fidelity,  faithfulness,  truthfulness,  truth, 
constancy,  loyalty, 

4.  Engagement,  promise,  word  of  honor. 
Faith,  interj.    {Colloq.)    Verily,  in  truth,  by  my 

faith,  upon  my  word. 
Faithful,  a.     I.   True,  loyal,  devoted,  constant. 

2.  Trusty,  trustworthy,  reliable. 

3.  Truthful,  trustworthy,  reliable,  worthy  of 
credit,  worthy  of  belief,  to  be  relied  on,  to  be 
depended  upon. 

4.  Exact,  strict,  conscientious,  accurate,  close, 
nice. 

Faithless,  a.     I.   Unbelieving. 

2*   Perfidious,  treacherous,  false,  disloyal,  un- 
truthful, truthless. 
Faithlessness,  n.    I.  Unbelief. 

2.  Perfidy,  treachery,  disloyalty. 

Floated  }**    ^^"^-^    Hooked,  sickle-shaped. 

Falchion,  «.    Cimeter. 

Falcon,  n.     Hawk. 

Fall,  v.n.    I.  Drop,  descend,  sink,  drop  down. 

2.    Be  prostrated,  fall  down. 

3*  Sink,  be  lowered,  be  depressed. 

4.  Decrease,  decline,  be  diminished,  become 
less,  die  away. 

5.  Sin,  err,  transgress,  lapse,  trip,  trespass, 
commit  a  fault,  do  amiss,  go  astray. 

6.  Die,  perish,  come  to  destruction, 

7.  Empty,  disembogue,  flow,  be  discharged. 

8.  Happen,  befall,  come. 

9.  Become  {sick,  asleep,  in  love,  etc.),  get 

10.  Pass,  come,  be  transferred. 

11.  Be  dropped,  be  uttered  carelessly,  drop^ 
Fall,  n.     I.   Descent,  dropping, 

2.  Tumble,  falling, 

3.  Cataract,  cascade,  waterfall. 

4.  Extent  of  descent,  amount  of  fall. 

5.  Destruction,  death,  ruin,  overthrow,  down- 
fall. 

6.  Degradation,  loss  of  eminence. 

_  7.  Apostasy,  loss  of  innocence,  lapse,  declen- 
sion, slip,  going  astray,  failure, 

8.  Diminution,  decrease,  decline. 

9.  Sinking  (of  the  voice),  cadence,  close. 

10.  Discharge  {of  a  river),  emptying,  disem- 
boguement. 

11.  Autumn,  fall  of  the  leaf. 

12.  Declivity,  slope,  inclination. 
Fallacious,  a.     I.   Deceptive,  delusive,  deceiving, 

illusive,      illusory,    misleading,      disappointing, 
false. 


FALLACY 


161 


FANATICAL 


2.  Sophistical,  worthless,  paralogistic. 

Fallacy»  »•  I»  illusion,  deception,  deceit,  delu- 
sion, mistake,  error,  miscoucepilon,  misappre- 
hension. 

2.  Sophism,  paralogism,  sophistry,  deceitful 
or  worthless  argument. 

Fall  among.  Come  among,  get  among,  come  sud- 
denly or  unexpectedly  among,  happen  to  be 
among,  happen  to  be  in  the  company  of. 

Fan  away.  I«  Pine,  grow  lean,  be  emaciated, 
lose  flesh. 

2.  Backslide,  apostatize,  fall  o£f. 

3.  Defect,  revolt,  become  disloyal  or  dis- 
affected, forsake  the  cause  of. 

Fall  back.     I.  Recede,  retreat,  give  way,  retire, 
yield. 
2.   [With  o«  or  «/<?«.]    Rally,  retreat,  retire. 

Fallibility,  n.  Frailty,  imperfection,  uncertainly, 
liability  to  error. 

Fallible,  a.  Frail,  imperfect,  weak,  ignorant,  un- 
certain, erring,  liable  to  error  <7r  mistake. 

FaU  in.  I.  (Mil.)  Come  into  line,  form  into 
ranks. 

2.  Concur,  consent,  agree,  assent,  acquiesce, 
go  with  the  stream,  go  with  the  current. 

Falling-sickness,  «.    Epilepsy. 

Falling-star,  «.     Shooting-star,  meteor. 

Fall  in  Witk.     I.     Meet,  encounter. 

2.   Comply  with,  assent  to,  come  into. 

Fall  off.     I.   Drop,  be  detached,  drop  oS. 

2.  Withdraw,  separate. 

3.  Decline,  wane,  dwindle,  decay,  fade,  fail, 
wither. 

4.  Perish  J  die. 

5.  Backslide,  apostatize,  fall  aw^. 

6.  Revolt,  defect,  become  disaffected  or  dis- 
loyal, fall  away. 

7.  (.Naut.)    Go  to  leeward. 
Fall  on.     I.   Drop  on,  descend  upon. 

2.   Attack,  assault,    assail,    rush    upon,    fall 
upon. 
Fall  oat.    I.   Disagree,  wrangle.     See  Quarrel. 
2.   Happen,  be^ll,  chance,  occur,  come  about, 
come  to  pass,  take  place. 
Fallow,  a.     I.   Pale  red  or  pale  yellow. 

2.  Untilled,  unsowed,  left  uncultivated, 
neglected. 

3,  Inert,  inactive,  dormant. 
Fallow,  n.     Untilled  land. 
Fallow-chat,  «.     See  Fallow-finch. 
FaUow-fincta,  n,    (Enanthe,  wheat-ear  (J/<7/<zf/7/a 

ananthe,  Saxicola  ananthe). 
Fall  short.     Fail,  be  deficient. 
Fall  to.     Begin,  set  about,  apply  one's  self  to. 
Fail  to  loggerheads.    I.  Come  to  blows,  go  to 

loggerheads. 

2.  Fall  out,  dispute,  disagree,  wrangle.  See 
Quarrel. 

FaU  under.  I.  Come  under,  be  subject  to,  be 
subjected  to. 

2.  Be  classed  with,  be  reckoned  with,  be  in- 
cluded in. 

Fall  npon.    See  Fall  on. 

False,  a.  I.  Untrue,  unveracious,  mendacious, 
lying,  contrary  to  truth. 

2.  Dishonest,  p>erfidious,  treacherous,  disloyal, 
faithless,  disingenuous,  dishonorable,  double- 
tongued,  double-faced,  false-hearted. 

3.  Unveracious,  mendacious,  lying,  untrust- 
worthy, unreliable,  truthless,  untruthful. 

4.  Counterfeit^  spurious,  forged,  not  genuine, 
feigned,  hypocritical,  make-believe,  sham. 

5.  Incorrect,  improper,  erroneous,  wrong,  un- 
founded. 

6.  Fallacious,  deceptive,  deceiving,  deceitful, 
delusive,  misleading,  disappointing. 

Fialse-kearted,  a.    Perfidious,  treacherous,  faith- 


less, false,  double,  double-tongued,  double-faced, 
dishonorable,  disloyal. 
Falsehood,  n.     I.   Falsity,  want  of  truth,  incon- 
formity  to  fact  or  tiuth. 

2.  Untruth,  lie,  fabrication,  fiction,  false  asser- 
tion, fib. 

3.  Imposture,  counterfeit,  cheat. 
Falsetto,  «.     Head  voice. 

Falsity,  v.  a.  I.  Belie,  misrepresent,  counter- 
felt,  misstate,  garble,  represent  falsely. 

2.  Disprove,  prove  to  be  false,  show  unsound. 

3.  Violate,  break  by  falsehood. 

Falsity,  v-  n.    Lie,  tell  lies  or  falsehoods,  violate 

the  truth. 
Falsity,    «.      Falsehood,  want  of  truth,  incon- 

lormity  to  fact  or  truth. 
Falter,  v.  n.     I.   Hesitate  {tn  speech)^  stammer, 

stutter. 

2.  Fail,  waver,  tremble,  totter. 

3.  Hesitate,  waver,  give  way,  show  weakness, 
be  undecided. 

Fame,  «.    I.   Rumor,  report,  bruit,  hearsay. 

2.  Reputation,  repute,  celebrity,  glory,  re- 
nown, honor,  credit. 

Familiar,  a.  I.  Conversant,  well  acquainted, 
well  versed. 

2.  Intimate,  close,  near,  friendly,  amicable, 
fraternal,  cordial,  on  a  friendly  footing,  on 
friendly  terms. 

3.  Friendly,  social,  sociable,  accessible,  affable, 
kindly,  courteous,  civil,  companionable,  couvers- 
ible. 

4.  Unceremonious,  unconstrained,  free,  easy, 
informal,  free  and  easy. 

5.  Too  free,  lacking  in  proper  reserve,  deficient 
in  proper  respect. 

6.  Well-known. 

Familiar,  n.  I.  Intimate,  intimate  friend,  bosom 
friend,  boon  companion,  close  acquainunce,  near 
associate. 

2.  Familiar  spirit,  demon  or  evil  spirit  at 
call. 

Familiarity^  n.  I.  Acquaintance,  familiar  knowl- 
edge, etc. 

2.  Intimacy,  fellowship,  friendship,  etc. 

3.  Friendliness,  sociability,  etc. 
4*   Informality,  freedom,  etc. 

5.  Over-freedom,  disrespect,  etc. 

6.  General  recognition,  etc     See  Familiar. 
Familiarize,   v.   a.     Accustom,   habituate,  inure, 

use,  train. 
Family,  ».     I.    Household,  parents  and  children. 

2.  Lineage,  race,  tribe,  clan,  kindred,  house, 
line  of  ancestors. 

3.  Subdivision  of  an  order,  group  of  genera. 
Family  way.     Pregnancy. 

Famine,  n.     Dearth,  scarcity  of  food. 

Famish,   v.   a.     I.   Starve,   kill   or  destroy  with 

hunger. 
2.   Distress  with  hunger,  exhaust  by  hunger. 
Famish,  v,  n.     I.   Starve,  die  of  hunger,  perish 

for  want  of  food. 
2.   Be    distressed   by  hunger,  suflFer  extreme 

hunger,  pine  for  food. 
Famousy  a.     Celebrated,  renowned,  distinguished, 

illustrious,  eminent,   remarkable,  famed,  noted, 

far-famed. 
Fan,  v.a.   I.  Use  a  fan  upon,  cool  or  refresh  with 

a  fan. 

2.  Agitate,  move,  beat  gently. 

3.  Blow  or  breathe  upon,  cool,  refresh. 

4.  Excite,  stimulate,  increase,  rouse,  fire. 
Fanatic,    «.      Enthusiast  (especially  on   religious 

subjects),  visionary,  zealot,  wild  enthusiast,  fren- 
zied zealot,  unreasoning  visionary. 

Fanatic,      )  a.    Enthusiastic,  visionary,  wild,  mad« 

Fanatical,  J      frenzied,  rabid. 

I 


FANATICISM 


162 


FASHION 


Fanaticism,  «.  Religious  frenzy,  irrational  enthu- 
siasm, rabid  zeal. 

Fanciiul,  a.  I.  Visionary,  imaginative,  whimsi- 
cal, capricious. 

2.  Chimerical,  imaginary,  ideal,  fantastical, 
wild. 

Fan-cricket,  «.  Fen-crtcket,  churr-worm,  mole- 
cricket  {Gryllotalpa  vulgaris)- 

Fancy,  ».  I.  \m:i^\m.x\oxi  {properly,  as  exercised 
in  sportive  or  whimsical  moods),  which  see. 

2.  Pleasing  conceit,  happy  conception,  striking 
thought,  ideal  image,  bright  stroke. 

3.  Notion,  idea,  thought,  conception,  conceit, 
impression,  apprehension,  image. 

4.  Liking,  fondness,  inclination,  penchant, 
taste. 

5.  Caprice,  humor,  whim,  crotchet,  quirk, 
freak,  vagary,  whimsey,  maggot,  fantasy,  odd 
fancy. 

Fancy,  v.  n.  Imagine,  think,  suppose,  apprehend, 
conjecture,  believe,  take  it. 

Fancy,  v.  a.     I.    Conceive,  imagine,  form  a  con- 
ception of,  figure  to  one's  self. 
2.   Like,  be  pleased  with,  have  a  fancy  for. 

Fancy,  a.     I.    imaginative,  of  the  fancy,  fancied. 

2.  Ornamental  (rather  than  useful),  elegant, 
fine,  nice. 

3.  Fanciful,  extravagant,  beyond  all  real  worth. 
Fane,    ».     (Foetical.)     Temple,    church,    shrme, 

sanctuary. 

Fanfare,  «.     [Fr.]     Flourish  of  trumpets. 

Fanfaron,  «.  I.  Bully,  hector,  blusterer,  swag- 
gerer, vaporer,  braggadocio. 

2*   Empty  boaster,  vain  pretender,  blatherskite. 

Fanfaronade,  «.  I.  Bluster,  swaggering,  boast- 
ing, bragging,  bullying,  hectoring,  gasconade, 
braggadocio. 

2.  Empty  boasting,  vain  pretence,  ostentation, 
flourish,  bombast,  rodomontade. 

Fang,  n.     I.   Tusk,  pointed  tooth. 
2.   Claw,  talon,  nail. 

Fantasia,  «.  (Mus.)  Fantastical  air,  capricious 
composition,  capriccio. 

Fantastic,      )  a.     I.   Imaginary,  fanciful,  chimer- 

Fantastical, )  ical,  visionary,  unreal,  merely 
ideal. 

2.  Whimsical,  capricious,  odd,  queer,  gro- 
tesque, strange,  wild,  bizarre. 

Fantasy,  «.     See  Fancy. 

Far,  a.     I.    Remote,  distant. 

2.  Farther,  remoter,  more  distant. 

3.  Estranged,  alienated,  hostile. 
Far,  ad.     I.   To  a  great  distance. 

2.  Almost,  well-nigh,  in  great  part. 

3.  Very  much,  in  a  great  degree. 

Far  and  near.  Everywhere,  far  and  wide,  from 
Dan  to  Beersheba,  from  China  to  Peru,  from  pole 
to  pole,  from  one  end  of  the  earth  to  the  other. 

Farce,  «.  I.  Burlesque,  caricature,  travesty, 
parody,  after-piece,  low  comedy,  ludicrous  repre- 
sentation. 

2.  Mere  show,  ridiculous  pageantry,  empty 
parade,  utter  sham. 

Farcical,  a.     Droll,  ludicrous,  ridiculous,  absurd. 

Fardel,  «.     I.    Bundle,  pack^  burden,  load. 
2.   Trouble,  annoyance,  ill,  burden. 

Fare,  v.n.     I.   Go,  pass,  travel,  journey. 

2.  Be  situated  {with  respect  to  what  may  he- 
fall  one),  be  treated,  prosper,  prove,  happen,  turn 

out. 

3.  Feed,  be  entertained. 

Fare,  «.  I.  Q\\vc%g.  {for  conveyance  of  a  person), 
passage-money,  price  of  a  ticket. 

2.  Passenger  or  passengers. 

3.  Victuals,  commons,  provisions.     See  FoOD. 

4.  Condition,  experience,  fortune,  luck,  out- 
come. 


5.    Quantity  of  fish  caught. 

Farewell,  ad.  or  inter j.     Adieu,  gocd-by. 

Farewell,  «.  I.  Adieu,  valediction,  leave-taking. 
2.    Leave,  departure,  last  look,  last  glance. 

Far-famed,  a.  Illustrious,  celebrated,  re- 
nowned, eminent,  distinguished,  famed.  See 
Famous. 

Far-fetched,  a.  Recondite,  abstruse,  forced, 
strained,  catachrestic,  studiously  sought. 

Farina,  «.  I.  Flour  or  meal  {of  grain  or  starchy 
roots). 

2.  {Chem.)    Starch,  fecula. 

3.  iBot.)    Pollen. 

Farinaceous,  a.     I.    Yielding  farina  or  flour. 

2.  (Consisting)  of  meal  or  flour,  starchy. 

3.  Mealy,  like  meal. 
Farm,  n     Landed  estate. 

Farm,  z'.  a.     I.    het  out  {land,  revenues,  etc.). 

2.  Take  on  lease  {land,  revenues,  etc). 

3.  Cultivate  {land),  till. 

Farm,  v.  «.  Till  the  soil,  carry  on  a  farm,  do 
farmer's  work,  practise  husbandry. 

Farmer,  «.  I.  Agriculturist,  husbandman,  culti- 
vator or  tiller  of  the  soil. 

2.  Collector,  tax-gatherer;  lessee  of  taxes, 
customs,  etc. 

Farming,  «.    Agriculture,  husbandry. 

Far  other.     Very  different. 

Farrago,  n.  Medley,  mixture,  jumble,  hodge- 
podge, hotch-potch,  salmagundi,  olio,  gallimaufry, 
olla-podrida. 

Farrier,  «.     I.   Shoer  of  horses,  horseshoer. 

2.  Horse-doctor,  horse-leech,  veterinary  sur- 
geon. 

Farriery,  «.  I.  Art  or  business  of  shoeing  horses. 
2.   Veterinary  art. 

Farrow,  «.    Litter  of  pigs. 

Farrow,  v.  a.  and  V.  n.  Bring  forth,  bear  {said 
only  of  swine). 

Farrow,  a.  Gone  without  calving  {said  only  of 
cows). 

Far-sighted,  a.    I.   Long-sighted. 

2.  Of  great  foresight,  far-seeing,  penetratmgto 
remote  consequences. 

Farther,  ad.     I.   Beyond,  further,  more  remotely, 
to  or  at  a  greater  distance. 
2.   Moreover,  besides,  furthermore. 

Farther,  a.     I.   Further,  more  remote,  remoter, 
at  a  greater  distance,  more  distant. 
2.   Additional. 

Farthest,  adi  Furthest,  to  or  at  the  greatest  dis- 
tance. 

Faxthest,  a.  Furthest,  remotest,  most  remote, 
most  distant. 

Farthing,  «.    Quarter  of  a  penny. 

Farthingale,  «.     Crinoline,  hoop,  hoop-skirt. 

Fascinate,  v.  a.  I.  Stupefy,  bewitch,  transfix, 
overpower,  affect  or  bind  with  a  spell. 

2.  Charm,  enchant,  bewitch,  enrapture,  en- 
trance, captivate,  catch,  delight,  enamour. 

Fascination,  «.  Enchantment,  spell,  charm, 
witchery,  witchcraft,  magic,  sorcery. 

Fascine,  «•     {Fort. )    Bundle  of  sticks  or  twigs. 

Fash,  v.  a.  \Scotch.'\  Vex,  tease,  plague,  harass, 
torment,  perplex,  trouble,  worry. 

Fash,  n.  \Scotch.\  Trouble,  care,  anxiety,  vexa- 
tion. 

Fashion,  «.  I.  Form,  figure,  shape,  make,  cut, 
cast,  stamp,  mould,  pattern,  model,  appearance, 
conformation,  configuration. 

2.  Way,  manner,  method,  sort. 

3.  Custom  {particularly  as  respects  dress), 
mode,  style,  usage,  conventionality,  convention- 
alism, general  practice. 

4.  Gentility,  higli  life,  formal  breeding. 

5.  People  of  fashion,  the  beau  tnonde,  the  ele- 
gant world,  the  gay  world. 


FASHION 


163 


FAVOR 


Fashion^  v.  a,    I.   Form,  shape,  mould,  make, 

give  figure  to. 
2.   Adapt,  accommodate,  fit,  suit,  adjust. 
Fashionable*    a.      I.    According    to    (prevailing) 
fashion,  in  fashion,  h  la  mocU^  the  rage,  having 
a  run. 

2.  Following  fashion,  addicted  to  fashion,  who 
set  fashion,  of  fashion,  who  affect  elegance. 

3.  Customary,   usual,   prevailing,   current,    in 
vogue. 

Fast,  V.  n.    Abstain  from  food,  forbear  eating,  go 

without  food,  go  hungry. 
Fatt»  H.     I.    Fasting,  abstinence  from  food. 

2.  Fast-day,  day  of  fasting,  banyan  day. 

3.  Time  of  fastmg. 

4.  Rope  {to  fasten  a  vessel  to  a  wharf). 
Fast,  a.     I.   Fastened,  fixed,  close,  tight. 

2.  Immovable,  firm. 

3.  Constant,  steadfast,  stanch. 

4.  Fortified,  strong,  impregnable. 

5.  Sound,  deep,  profound. 

6.  Swift,  quick,  fleet,  rapid. 

7.  Dissipated,  wild,  giddy,  reckless,  thought- 
less, thriftless,  extravagant. 

Fast,  ad.     I.   Firmly,  tightly,  immovably. 

2.  Swiftly,  quickly,  rapidly. 

3.  Extravagantly,  prodigally,  recklessly,  wildly. 
Fast  and  loose.     I.   Variable,   inconstant,  fickle, 

uncertain. 

2.   Slippery,  unreliable,  tricky,  shuffling,  eva- 
sive, fencmg,  hedging. 

Fast-day,  «.     Fast,  day  of  fasting,  banyan  day. 

Fasten,  v.  a.     I.    Secure,  bind,  tie,  attach,  make 
fast,  belay  (naut.),  bend  (naut.) . 
2.  Join,  connect,  unite,  hold  together. 

Fasten,  v.  «,  Be  fixed,  fix  one's  self,  cling,  cleave, 
catch  hold. 

Fastidious,  a.  Squeamish,  difficult,  queasy,  criti- 
cal, dainty,  over-nice,  over-delicate,  hard  to  please. 

Fasting,  ft-     Fast,  abstinence  from  food. 

Fastness,  «.  Fort,  fortress,  stronghold,  castle, 
fortified  place. 

Fat,  a.  I.  Oleaginous,  unctuous,  adipose,  oily, 
greasy,  fatty. 

2.  Plump,  fleshy,    corpulent,   obese,    portly, 
pursy. 

3.  Coarse,  heavy,  dull,  sluggish,  stupid,  fat- 
witted. 

4.  Rich,  profitable,  lucrative. 

5.  Fertile,  fruitful,  productive,  rich. 
Fatal,  a.     I.   Deadly,  mortal,  lethal. 

2.  Calamitous,  destructive,  ruinous,  mischiev- 
ous, baneful,  baleful,  pernicious,  most  harmful. 

3.  Fraught  with  fate,  fateful. 
Fatalism,  n.     Necessarian  ism,  necessitarianism. 
Fatalist,  n.     Necessitarian,  necessarian. 
Fatality,  ».     I.  Destiny,  fate,  inevitable  neces- 
sity. 

2.   Mortality. 
Fate,  n.     I.   Destiny,  destination,  fatality,  inevi- 
table necessity. 

2.  Doom,  lot,  predetermined  event. 

3.  Death,  destruction. 

4.  Final  event,  ultimate  fortune. 

Fated,  a.  Doomed,  destined,  appointed,  fore- 
doomed, predestined,  predestinated,  preordained, 
predetermined. 

Fates,  «.  //.  {Mytkol.)  Destinies.  Parca;,  sister 
goddesses  (Cloiho,  Lackesis,  Atropos),  fatal  sis- 
ters, three  sisters. 

Fat-headed,  a.    Dull,  thick-witted.    See  Stupid. 

Fat-hen,  n.     Wild  spinach,  goosefoot. 

Father,  «.     I.   Male  parent. 

2.  Ancestor,  forefather^  progenitor. 

3.  Creator,  maker,  origmator,  author,  inventor. 

4.  Venerable  man  {an  epithet  of  honor). 
Father,  v.  a.     I.   Beget,  engender. 


2.  Adopt,  become  a  {moral)  father  tOw 

3.  Endow  or  supply  with  a  father. 

4.  Ascribe  to  as  father  or  author. 

5.  Assume  the  authorship  of,  become  responsi- 
ble for. 

Fatherhood,  «.     Fathership,  paternity. 

Fatherland,  «.  Mother  country,  native  countrj', 
land  of  one's  ancestors,  native  land,  one's  country. 

Father-long-legs,  «.     I.  Crane-fly,  daddy-long- 
legs. 
2.    Shepherd  spider,  harvest-man. 

Fatherly,  a.  Paternal,  tender,  kind,  benign,  pro- 
tecting. 

Father  on  or  upon.  Ascribe  to,  attribute  to,  im- 
pute to,  lay  to,  charge  on. 

Fathership,  «.     Paternity,  fatherhood. 

Fathom,  «.    Six  feet,  two  yards. 

Fathom,  v.  a.  I.  Sound,  try  the  depth  of,  meas- 
ure by  a  sounding-line. 

2.  Divine,  penetrate,  reach,  understand,  com- 
prehend. 

Fathomless,  a.    Bottomless,  abysmal,  profound- 
Fatigue,  n.     I.  Weariness,  lassitude,  exhaustion. 

2.  Labor,  toil,  hardship. 

3.  [Mil)  Extra  duty  (distinct  from  that  of 
arms). 

Fatigue,  v.  a.    Tire,  weary,  exhaust,  jade,  feg. 

Fatten,  v.  a.     I.     Make  fat. 
2.    Fertilize,  make  fertile. 

Fatten,  v.  n.     Grow  fat. 

Fatty,  <»•  Unctuous,  oleaginous,  oily,  fat,  adipose, 
greasy. 

Fatuity,    «.     I.    Foolishness,   imbecility,   idiocy, 
feebleness  of  intellect,  want  of  understanding. 
2.   Folly,  madness,  inane  absurdity,  infatuation. 

Fatuous,  a.  I.  Foolish,  witless,  drivelling,  idi- 
otic. 

2.  Infatuated,  mad,  senseless,  absurdly  foolish. 

3.  Illusory,  deceptive. 

Fat-witted,  a.    Dull,  heavy,  fiat.     See  Stupid. 
Faubourg,    n.      [Fr.]   Suburb,    environs,   former 

suburb,  former  environs  {in  French  cities). 
Fauces,  «.  //.     [L.]      Posterior  part  of  the  mouth. 
Fault,  n.     I.   Defect,  blemish,  flaw,  imperfection, 

failing,  weakness,  frailty,  moral  defect. 

2.  Misdeed,  misdemeanor,  offence,  trespass, 
wrong,  delinc^uency,  transgression,  error,  lapse, 
slip,  indiscretion. 

3.  Mistake  {ofjudzmenf),  error,  slip. 

4.  (Rare.)    Default,  lack,  want. 

5.  {Geol.)    Dislocation,  disturbance  of  strata. 
Fault-dnder,  «.     Censurer,  objector,  complainer, 

murmurer,  repiner. 

Faultless,  a.  I.  Perfect,  without  blemish,  with- 
out fault,  free  from  defect. 

2.  Innocent,  guiltless,  blameless,  stainless, 
sinless,  immaculate,  spotless. 

Faulty,  a.     I,   Bad,  defective,  imperfect. 

2.  Blamable,  culpable,  censurable,  reprehensi- 
ble, blameworthy,  worthy  of  censure. 

Faun,  n.     Sylvan,  woodland  deity. 

Fauna,  n.  Animals  ( peculiar  to  a  country  or  to  an 
epoch). 

Faunist,  «.     Naturalist. 

Faux  pas.  [Fr.]  I.  Mistake,  blunder,  indiscre- 
tion, false  step,  false  stroke,  act  of  indiscre- 
tion. 

2.  Lapse  from  virtue,  lapse  from  chastity,  false 
step,  lapse,  slip,  misstep,  indiscretion. 

Faveolate,  a.  (Bot.)  Alveolate,  cellular,  favose, 
favaginous,  honeycombed. 

Favillous,  a.  Ashy,  ashen,  cinereous,  cineritious, 
like  ashes. 

Favor,  ».  a.  I.  Countenance,  befriend,  encour- 
age, patronize. 

2.  Approve,  be  in  favor  of,  regard  with 
favor. 


FAVOR 


164 


FEEL 


3.  Facilitate,  make  easier,  be  fiivorable  or  pro- 
pitious to. 

4.  Support,  aid,  help,  assist. 

5.  Humor,  indulge,  spare,  ease,  palliate,  ex- 
tenuate, represent  favorably  <^  in  a  favorable 
light. 

6.  Resemble,  look  like,  be  like. 

Favor,  «.  I.  Kindness,  friendliness,  countenance, 
grace,  kind  regard,  good-will,  propitious  aspect. 

2.  Benefit,  kindness,  act  of  grace,  good  deed, 
kind  act,  friendly  turn. 

3.  Patronage,  championship,  support. 

4.  Letter,  epistle,  communication. 

5.  Gift,  present,  token  of  good-will,  love-token. 

6.  Decoration,  knot,  rosette,  bunch  of  ribbons. 

7.  Leave,  permission,  pardon,  good-will. 

8.  Advantage,  protection,  cover. 

9.  {Law.)    Bias,  partiality,  prejudice. 
Favorable,  a.     I.    Friendly,   kind,   willing,   well 

disposed,  propitious,  auspicious. 

2.  Conducive,  contributing,  propitious. 

3.  Advantageous,  beneficial,  auspicious,  con- 
venient, suitable,  adapted,  fit. 

Favorite,  a.     I.    Dear,  darling,  beloved. 

2.   Preferred,  pet,  especially  liked. 
Favoritism, «.     Partiality. 
Favose,  a.    (Bat.)    Alveolate,  cellular,  faveolate, 

favaginous,  honeycombed. 
Fawn,  «.     Young  deer. 
Fawn,  V.  H.     Crouch,  cringe,  bow,  stoop,  kneel, 

creep,  dangle,  fall  on   one's  knees,  curry  favor, 

play  the  sycophant. 
Fawning,    «.      Sycophancy,    servility,    cringing, 

mean  flattery. 
Fawn   upon.     I.   Cringe  to,  crouch  to,   truckle 

to. 
2.    Flatter,    wheedle,    cajole,    blandish,    pay 

court  to. 
Fay,  n.     Fairy,  elf. 
Fay,  V.  a.     Fit,  joint,  join  closely. 
Fay,  V.  n.     Fit,  lie  close,  make  a  good  joint. 
Fealty,   «.  I.   Allegiance,  homage,   loyalty  {to  a 

feudal  lord). 

2.  Fidelity,  loyalty,  faithfulness,  honor,  good 
faith,  devotion. 

Fear,   «.     I.   Alarm,  trepidation,    dread,    appre- 
hension, fright,  affright,  terror,  horror,   dismay, 
consternation,  panic. 
2>   Anxiety,  solicitude,  concern,  apprehension. 

3.  Veneration,  reverence,  awe,  reverential  re- 
gard. 

Fear,  v.  a.    I.   Dread,  apprehend,  be  afraid  of. 

2.  Apprehend,  be  solicitous,  anxious,  or  con- 
cerned about. 

3.  Reverence,  revere,  venerate,  stand  in  awe 
of,  have  a  reverential  regard  for. 

Fear,  v.  n.  Be  afraid,  alarmed,  <?r  frightened,  have 
apprehensions,  live  in  terror,  stand  aghast. 

Fearfol,  a.  I.  Afraid,  apprehensive,  haunted  with 
fear. 

2.  Timid,  timorous,  nervous,  faint-hearted, 
chicken-hearted,  white-livered,  cowardly,  pusil- 
lanimous, showing  the  white  feather,  easily  fright- 
ened. 

3.  Terrible,  dreadful,  frightful,  dire,  direful. 

4.  Awful,  to  be  reverenced  or  revered. 
Fearless,  a.     Dauntless,  unterrified,  courageous, 

bold,  intrepid,  brave,  valorous,  valiant,  gallant. 

Feasibility,  n.     Practicability,  feasibleness. 

Feasible,  a.     Practicable. 

Feasibleness,  «.     Practicability,  feasibility. 

Feast,  n.  I.  Banquet,  treat,  entertainment,  ca- 
rousal, regale,  sumptuous  repast- 

2.  Festival,  holiday,  /He,  day  of  feasting, 
festive  celebration,  joyful  anniversary,  day  of  re- 
joicing, festal  day. 

3.  Enjoyment,  delight. 


Feast,  V.  n.    Eat  {plentifully),  be  entertained,  fjsire 

sumptuously. 
Feast,  V.  a.    I.  Entertain  sumptuously,  feed  lux- 
uriously. 
2.   Delight,  gratify,  rejoice,  gladden. 
Feat,  n.     I.   Act,  deed,  exploit,  achievemetit. 
2.   Trick,  act  of  dexterity. 

Feather, «.    i.  Plume. 

2.    Kind,  nature,  species. 

Feather-boarding,  «.     Weather-boarding. 

Feather  in  the  cap.  Honor,  distinction,  mark  of 
distinction.  « 

Feather  one's  nest.  Get  rich  {from  what  passes 
through  one''s  hands),  make  a  handsome  profit, 
look  out  for  number  one,  provide  for  one's  self. 

Feathers,  n.  pi.     Plumage. 

Featly,  a.  Nimbly,  dexterously,  adroitly,  skil- 
fully. 

Feature,  n.     I.     Lineament. 

2.  Cast  of  the  face,  turn  of  expression. 

3.  Fashion,  make,  conformation,  aspect,   ap- 
pearance. 

4.  Outline,  prominent  part. 

5.  Characteristic,  trait,  point,  item,  mark. 
Feaze,  v.  a.     Untwist  (as  the  end  of  a  rope),  ravel, 

ravel  out,  unravel. 
Febrifugal,  a.     Antifebrile. 
Febrifuge,  «.    Antifebrile  medicine. 
FeCUla,  n.     I.    Starch,  farina. 

2.    Chlorophyll,    green     coloring   matter    of 
plants. 
Feculence,  \  n.     I.  Muddiness,  turbidness,  turbid 
Fecnlency,  )      condition,  foulness. 

2.    Lees,  sediment,  dregs,  faeces,  settlings. 
Feculent,  a.  Turbid,  muddy,  thick,  foul,  dreggy. 
Fecundate,  v.  a.     I.   Make  prolific,  make  fruitful, 
enrich. 

2.   Impregnate,  cause  to  germinate,  cover  with 
pollen  <7^  germinal  fluid,  fertilize. 
Fecundation,  «.     I.   Enriching,  rendering  fertile 
or  prolific. 
2.   Impregnation,  fertilization. 
Fecundity,  «.     Fruitfulness,  fertility,  productive- 
ness, prolific  character  or  quality. 
Federal,  a.     I.  Treaty,  founded  on  or  relating  to 
treaty,  pertaining  to  alliance. 
2.  Confederate,  federated. 
Federation,  ».     l.  Uniting;  federating,  federation, 
confederation,  leaguing,  union,  allying,  alliance, 
forming  or  formation  into  a  confederacy. 

2.    League,  alliance,  coalition,  union,  confed- 
eration, confederacy,  federacy,  combination,  co- 
partnership, federal  union,  federal  compact. 
Fee,  n.     I.   Pay  {for  professional  service),  com- 
pensation, remuneration. 

2.   Feud,  fief,  fee-simple,  absolute  title  or  pos- 
session, unconditional  tenure. 
Fee,  V.  a.     Pay,  reward,  recompense,  give  a  fee  to. 
Feeble,  a.     I.    Weak,  not  strong. 

2.  Debilitated,  enervated,  sickly,  infirm,  lan- 
guishing, languid,  declining,  drooping,  frail. 

3.  Faint,  imperfect,  dim,  without  vigor,  lack- 
ing intensity  or  vividness  or  force. 

Feedf  v.  a.  I,  Give  food  to,  furnish  with  pro- 
visions, supply  with  nourishment. 

2.  Supply,  contribute  to,  provide  for. 

3.  Nourish,  cherish,  sustain. 

4.  Supply  with  material. 

Feed,  v.  n.    I.   Eat,  take  food,  take  nourishment. 

2.   Subsist,  sustain  life. 
Feed,  «.     I.    Food  {for  beasts),  provender,  fodder. 

2.  Allowance  {of fodder). 

3.  Feeding  mechanism,  feeder. 

Feel,  V.  n.  I.  Perceive  {by  the  touch),  have  feel- 
ing. 

2.  Be  perceived  {by  the  touch). 

3.  Be  moved  {in  the  affections),  be  excited,  be 


FEEL 


165 


FEROCITY 


stirred,    be    warmed,   be   wrought    up,    be   im- 
pressed. 

4.    Have  the  consciousness  of  being,  be  con- 
scious of  being  {sorry,  grieved,  hurt,  or  the  like). 
Feelt  V.  a.     I.   Touch,  handle,  feel  of. 

2.  Experience,  suffer,  or  enjoy,  have  the  sense 
of. 

3.  Be  affected  by,  be  moved  by. 

4.  Sound,  try,  prove,  put  to  the  test. 

Feel  after.  I.  Search  for  (<Jy  Uu  tottch),  try  to 
find  (as  in  the  dark). 

2.  Search  diligently  for,  inquire  after  with 
longing. 

Feelers,  «. //.    i^Zodl.)   I.  Palpi. 

2.  Antennae,  horns. 

3.  Tentacula. 

Feeling,  a.     I.  Affecting,  moving,  touching,  melt- 
ing, pathetic. 
2.    Sensitive,  tender,  sympathetic 
Feeling,  n.     I.    Sense  of  touch. 

2.  Sensation,  perception  by  touch. 

3.  Sensibility,  emotion,  sentiment,  passion, 
affection,  impression. 

4.  Tenderness,  susceptibility,  sensibility,  senti- 
ment, fine  feeling,  delicate  sentiment. 

Fee-simple,  «.  {Law.)  Absolute  fee,  uncondi- 
tional tenure. 

Feign,  v.  a.  I.  Invent,  imagine,  devise,  fabri- 
cate, forge. 

2.  Counterfeit,  simulate,  affect,  assume,  pre- 
tend to,  put  on,  make  a  show  of. 

Feint,  «.     I.  Pretence,  blind,  make-believe,  false 
appearance. 
2.  {Mil.)    Mock  attack,  pretended  movement. 

Felicitate,  v.  a.  I.  Congratulate,  wish  joy  to, 
rejoice  with. 

2.  {,Rar€r.)  Delight,  bless,  beatify,  happily 
{■rare),  fill  with  happiness. 

Felicitation,  ti.    Congratulation. 

Felicitous,  a.  I.  Fit,  appropriate,  apt,  pertinent, 
opportune,  seasonable,  well-timed,  happy,  skilful, 
ingenious. 

2.  Prosperous,  successfiil,  fortunate,  lucky, 
auspicious,  propitious. 

Felicity,  n.  I.  Bliss,  blissfulness,  blessedness, 
happiness. 

2.  Aptness,  aptitude,  propriety,  fitness,  suit- 
ableness, appropriateness,  felicitousness. 

3.  Success,  (good)  luck,  (good)  fortune. 
Fell,  a.     Cruel,  inhuman,  barbarous,  ruthless,  re- 
lentless, unrelenting,  implacable,  pitiless,  malig- 
nant,  malign,  malicious,  savage,  ferocious,  san- 
guinary, bloody,  blood-thirsty,  Vandalic. 

Ful,  V.  a.  I.  Prostrate^  level,  hurl  down,  knock 
down,  lay  prostrate,  bring  to  the  ground. 

2.  Cut  down,  hew  down,  lay  low. 

3.  Hem  {the  lap  of  a  seam). 

Fellow,  ft.     I.   Companion,  associate,  comrade. 

2.  Equal,  peer,  compeer. 

3.  Mate,  counterpart,  match. 

4.  [Eng-.]  Member  {o/  a  college,  partici- 
pating 'in  Us  instruction  and  sharing  its  reve- 
nues). 

Fellow-cotintryman, «.    Compatriot. 
Fellow-feelingy    «.      Sympathy,  commiseration, 

compassion,  pity. 
Fellowship,  n.     I.   Brotherhood,  companionship, 

fifimiliarity,  intimacy,  close  acquaintance. 

2.  Partnership,  participation,  joint  interest 

3.  Converse,  intercoursej  communion. 

4.  \yj'\\\v ^ood'\  Sociability,  sociableness,  affa- 
bility, kindliness,  good  company,  jolly  compan- 
ionship. 

Felo  de  se.    [L.]     Suicide,  self-murderer. 
Felon,  n.     I.  Culprit,  criminal,  malefactor,  con- 
vict, outlaw. 
2.   WhiUow. 


r 


Felon,  a.    {Poetical^    See  Felonious. 

Felonioos,  a.  I.  Malignant,  malign,  malicious, 
villanous,  nefarious,  infamous,  heinous,  atro- 
cious, cruel,  felon. 

2.  Perfidious,  traitorous,  base,  disloyal. 

3.  {,Law.)     Deliberately  criminal,   criminal, 
with  malice  prepense. 

Felony,  «.  Crime  {punishable  by  death  or  by  im- 
prisonment),  high  crime,  heinous  crime,  gross 
offence. 

Female,  a.  I.  Breeding,  bearing,  conceiving,  off- 
spring-bearing, child-bearing. 

2.  Pistillate,  pistil-bearing,  fertile. 

3.  Of  females,  belonging  to  or  characterizing 
females. 

4.  Feminine,  delicate,  soft,  weak,  gentle. 
Females,  «.  pi.    Women,  woman,  female  sex,  the 

fair,  the  fair  sex. 

Feme-sole,      1   «.    [Fr.]    {Law.)    Single  woman, 
Femme-SOle,  I      unmarried  woman. 
Feminality,  «.     Womanhood,   femineity,  female 

nature,  (eminineness,  feniinacy. 
Femineity,  «.    See  Feminauty. 
Feminine,  a.    I.  Soft,  tender,  delicate,  female. 

See  Womanly. 
2.    Effeminate,  unmanly,  weak. 

FeminiSty,  I  **'    ^'  ^^^^^^  quality,  feminineness. 
2.   Effeminacy,   effeminateness,    unmanliness, 
want  of  masculine  force. 
Femur,  ».     (Anat.)    Thigh-bone. 
Fen^  n.    Marsh,  swamp,  bog,  moor,  morass,  quag- 
mire. 
Fence,  «.     I.  Protecting  enclosure,  —  wall,  hedge, 
>st-and-rail  framing,   wire-guard,   palings,   etc 
as  the  case  may  be). 

2.  Shield,  guard,  security,  protection,  defence. 

3.  Fencing,  art  of  self-  defence,  swordsman- 
ship, sword-play. 

4.  Defensive  argument,  skill  in  refutation. 
Fence,  v.  a.     I.    Enclose  with  a  fence. 

2.   Guard,  fortify,  defend. 

Fence,  v.  n.  I.  Practise  fencing,  use  the  sword, 
2.  Shuffle,  evade,  equivocate,  prevaricate, 
hedge. 

Fencing,  «.  Manual  defence  (with  small  swords 
or  foils),  art  of  self-defence,  swordsmanship, 
fence. 

Fen-cricket,  «.  Churr-worm,  mole-cricket,  fan- 
cricket  {Gryllotalpa  vulgaris). 

Fend  off.  {Naut.)  Keep  off,  ward  off,  keep  from 
collision. 

Fenniflh,  a.    See  Fenny. 

Fenny,  a.     Marshy,  swampy,  boggy,  fennish. 

Ferine,  a.  Wild  (as  lions,  tigers,  etc.),  untamed, 
ferocious,  savage,  fierce,  ravenous,  rapacious. 

Ferment,  «.     I.   Yeast,  leaven,  barm. 

2.  Fermentation,  fungic  transformation. 

3.  Agitation,  commotion,  tumult,  heat,  glow, 
fever,  sUte  of  excitement. 

Ferment,  v.  a.     I.   Set  in  fermentation,  set  fer- 
menting, produce  fermentation  in,  transform  by 
means  of  a  ferment. 
2.   Excite,  agitate,  heat. 
Ferment,  v.  n.    I.   Work,  be  in  a  ferment,  under- 
go fermentation,  be  fermented. 
2.   Be  excited,  be  agitated,  be  on  fire. 
Ferocious,  a.     I.   Untamed  {like  a  wild  beast\ 
savage,  fierce,  wild,  ravenous,  rapacious,  ferine. 

2.    Barbarous,    cruel,    inhuman,    brutal ^   fell, 
ruthless,  relentless,  merciless,  pitiless,  sanguinary, 
bloody,  Vandalic. 
Ferocity,  «.     I.   Savageness,  fierceness,  ferocious- 
ness, wildness,  rapacity. 
2.  Barbarity,  cruelty,  inhumanity. 


FERRET  OUT 


166 


FIDGETINESS 


Ferret  out.    Search  out. 

Ferrocyanate,  ».    (CAem.)  Ferroprussiate,  ferro- 

cyanide- 
FerrocyaniC,  a.     (CAem)    Ferroprussic 
Ferrocyanide,  n.    (jChem.)  Ferroprussiate,  ferro- 

cyanate. 
Ferroprussiate,  «.  (Chem.)  Ferrocyanate,  ferro- 

cyanide. 
Ferroprussic,  a.  (CAem.)  Ferrocyanic. 
Fertile,  a.     I.   Prolific,  fecund,  breeding,  bearing. 

2.  Fruitful,   productive,  rich,  plenteous,  lux- 
uriant, exuberant,  teeming. 

3.  (Boi.)  Fruit-bearing,  pistillate,  female. 
Fertility,  «.     I.    Fecundity,  fertileness. 

2.   Fruitfulness,  productiveness,  plenteousness, 
exuberance,  luxuriance,  abundance,  richness. 
Fertilize,   v.  a.     I.   Enrich,  make  fertile,   make 
fruitful. 

2.   Fecundate,  impregnate,  supply  with  pollen 
or  semen. 
Fervency,  «.     Ardor,  zeal.     See  Fervor. 
Fervent,    a,     I.   Hot,    glowing,    melting,  seeth- 
ing. 

2.  Ardent,  earnest,  eager,  zealous,  warm,  glow- 
ing, animated,  impassioned,  fervid. 
Fervid,  a.     I.   Hot,  burning,  boiling,   seething, 
fiery,  fervent. 
2.   Ardent,  earnest,  glowing.    See  Fervent,  2. 
Fervor,  n.     I.    Heat,  warmth. 

2.  Ardor,  intensity,  zeal,  earnestness,  eager- 
ness, fervency. 
Festal,  a.    Convivial.     See  Festive. 
Fester,    v.    n.     I.    Rankle,    corrupt,    suppurate, 
ulcerate. 

2.   Become  malignant,  grow  virulent  or  vio- 
lent, rankle. 
Fester,  n.     I.   Pustule,  sore,  abscess,  imposthume, 
gathering. 
2.   Festering,  rankling. 
Festival,  «.     Feast,   holiday,  festive  celebration, 

(joyful)  anniversary,  day  of  rejoicing, /^/!^. 
Festive,  a.     Convivial,  jovial,  joyous,  gay,  merry, 

mirthful,  festal. 
Festivity,  «.    Conviviality,    gayety,   joyousness, 

joyfulness,  merry-making,  social  joy. 
Festoon,  ».     Hanging  garland,  looped  garland. 
Festoon,  v.  a.     I.   Loop,  loop  up,  form  into  fes- 
toons. 

2.   Decorate  with  festoons,  hang  with  lopped 
garlands. 
Fetcb,  V.   a.     I.   Bring  {when  one  goes  for  the 
purpose  of  bringing)^  go  and  brmg. 

2.  Perform,  make,  effect. 

3.  Sell  for. 

4.  {Naut.)    Reach,  attain,  arrive  at,  come  to, 
get  to. 

Fetch,  n.  Trick,  artifice,  ruse,  stratagem,  dodge, 
sharp  practice. 

Fetch  a  compass.    Make  a  circuit. 

Fete,  n.    [Fr.]    See  Festival. 

Fete,  V.  a.     Feast,  honor  with  an  entertainment. 

Fete  chani|)§tre.  [Fr.]  Rural  festival,  open- 
air  entertainment,  out-door  party,  picnic. 

Fetich,   n.     I.   Object  of  superstition  or   super- 
stitious awe. 
2.   Object  of  unreasoning  devotion. 

Fetiehism,  «.     I.    Fetich-worship. 

2.   Superstitious  regard,  unreasoning  devotion. 

Feticide,  «.  [Written  also  Faticide.'\  Criminal 
abortion. 

Fetid,  a.  Stinking,  offensive,  noisome,  mephitic, 
rank,  rancid,  malodorous,  strong-smelling,  rank- 
smelling. 

Fetor,  n.  Stench,  stink,  foul  odor,  offensive  odor, 
strong  smell. 

Fetter,  n.  Shackle  {for  the  feet),  chain,  bond, 
clog,  hamper. 


Fetter,  v.  a.    I.  Shackle  {the  feet),  clog,  trammel, 

hamper,  put  fetters  on. 
2.   Chain,  bind,  tie,  confine,  restrain,  hamper, 

trammel,  encumber. 
Feud,  «.     I.    Quarrel,  broil,  contention,  clashing, 

dissension,  jarring,  rupture,  bickering,  falling  out. 

2.  Blood-feud,  hereditary  enmity,  clan-quarrel, 
family-feud, 

3.  Fee,  fief. 
Feudalism,  n.    Feudal  system. 
Feudejoie.     [Fr.]     I.    Bonfire. 

2.   Firing  of  guns  (for  holiday  sport). 

Fever,  «.     I.    Febrile  affection,  febrile  disease. 
2.   Heat,  fiush,  agitation,  excitement,  ferment. 

Fever-root,  «.     Fever-wort,  bastard  ipecacuanha. 

Fever-wort,  «.  I.  Fever-root,  bastard  ipecacu- 
anha. 

2.   Thoroughwort,  boneset,  ague-weed,  Indian 
sage  {Eupatoriuni  perfohatum). 

Few,  a.  Not  many,  small  in  number,  hardly  any, 
scarcely  any. 

Fewness,  «.     Paucity,  small  number. 

Fey,  a.  [Scotch.']  Doomed  {unconsciously)^ 
death-doomed,  death-smitten,  impelled  to  fore- 
token one's  own  doom,  death,  or  destruction, 
possessed  by  fatal  propensities. 

Fiasco,  »■  [It.]  Failure,  fizzle,  abortive  attempt, 
ignominious  failure. 

Fiat,  n.    Decree,  order,  ordinance,  command. 

Fib,  n.  {Colloq.  and  euphemistic^  Lie,  falsehood, 
intentional  untruth. 

Flh,  z'.  ».  {CoUoq.  and  euphemistic.)  Lie,  tell  a 
lie. 

Fibre,  «.    Filament,  thread,  staple,  pile. 

Fibril,  «.     Small  fibre,  slender  thread. 

Fibrous,  a.     Filamentous,  stringy. 

Fickle,  a.  Wavering,  inconstant,  unsteady,  on- 
stable,  variable,  vacillating,  volatile,  mercurial, 
changeable,  fitful,  irresolute,  unsettled,  capricious, 
like  a  weather-cock. 

Fiction,  n.  I.  Invention,  fancy,  fantasy,  imagi- 
nation. 

2.  Novel,  romance,  work  of  fiction,  feigned 
story. 

3.  Fabrication,  figment,  invention,  fable,  false- 
hood, lie. 

4.  Fictitious  literature. 

Fictitious,  a.    I.   Feigned,  invented,  imaginary, 
fanciful,  unreal,  purely  ideal. 
2.   False,  counterfeit,  spurious,  supposititious. 

Fiddle, «.    Violin. 

Fiddle,  v.n.     I.   Play  on  a  fiddle. 

2.   Trifle,  dawdle,  lose  time,  waste  time,  idle 
away  time,  fritter  away  time,  fool  away  time. 

Fiddle-de-dee,  interj.  Nonsense,  stuff,  fudge, 
moonshine. 

Fiddle-faddle,  n.  {Colloq.)  Nonsense,  trifling, 
frivolity,  stuff,  twaddle,  twattle,  prate,  gabble, 
gibberish,  gibble-gabble. 

Fiddle-faddle,  a.  {Colloq.)  Foolish,  nonsensical, 
trifling,  frivolous,  trivial,  idle,  fiddling,  twattling, 
prating,  gabbling. 

Fiddling,  a.  Trifling,  frivolous,  trivial,  idle.  See 
Fiddle-faddle,  a. 

Fidelity,  n.  I.  Faithfulness,  devotedness,  devo- 
tion, truth,  true-heartedness,  loyalty,  fealty,  ad- 
herence to  duty,  observance  of  good  faith. 

2.  Accuracy,  closeness,  exactness,  faithfulness, 
precision. 

Fidget,  V.  n.  I.  Move  nervously  about,  twitch, 
hitch,  hitch  about. 

2.   Fret,  chafe,  worry,  be  uneasy,  be  restive, 
be  impatient,  worry  one's  self. 

Fidget,  n.  Uneasiness,  restlessness,  impatience, 
fidgetiness. 

Fidgetiness,  «.  Uneasiness,  restlessness,  impa- 
tience, fidget. 


FIDGETY 


16T 


FILLIBEG 


Fidgety,  a.    Uneasy,  restless,  impatient. 
Fidocialr  a.     I.   Confldeiit,  unduubting,  trustful, 

firm,  steadfast,  unwavering,  fiduciary. 
2.   Exact,  precise,  true,  accurate,  permanently 

accurate. 
Fiduciary,  n.     Trustee,  depositary. 
Fiduciary,  a.    I.   Confident,  undoubting,  trustful, 

firm,  steadfast,  unwavering,  fiducial. 

2.  Trusty,  trustworthy,  reliable. 

3.  Held  in  trust,  in  the  nature  of  a  trust. 
Fief,  H.     Fee,  feud. 

Field,  n.  I.  Tract  of  land  {/or  tillage  or  for 
Pasture). 

2.  Battle-field,  field  of  battle. 

3.  Scene  of  military  operations,  theatre  of  war. 

4.  Surface,  expanse,  range,  scope. 

5.  Province,  department,  domain,  region, 
realm. 

6.  Opportunity,  room. 

Fieldfare,  «.     Gray  thrush  \  Turdus  pilaris). 

Field-Sports,  n.  pi.  Diversions  of  the  field  (hunt- 
in^,  shootings  etc.). 

Fiend,  «.  I.  Demon,  devil,  infernal  spirit,  malig- 
nant supernatural  being. 

2.  Supremely  malignant  person,  demon,  devil, 
monster,  utterly  malicious  being,  atrocious  being, 
monster  of  cruelty  or  malice. 

Fiendish,  a.  Diabolical,  devilish,  demoniac,  hell- 
ish, infernal,  malignant,  malign,  malicious,  malev- 
olent, implacable,  atrocious,  cruel,  delighting  in 
cruelty. 

Fierce,  a.  I.  Savage,  ferocious,  ravenous,  furious, 
infuriate,  barbarous,  fell. 

2.  Violent,  vehement,  impetuous,  turbulent, 
tearing,  uncurbed,  untamed,  nery,  passionate. 

Fiery,  a.     I.    Igneous,  of  fire. 

2.  Hot,  heated,  fervid,  fervent,  glowing,  flam- 
ing. 

3.  Ardent,  impetuous,  vehement,  fierce,  pas- 
sionate, impassioned,  fervent,  fervid,  glowing, 
flaming. 

Fig-eater,  «.  {Omith.)  Becafico,  fig-pecker, 
garden  warbler,  greater  pettychaps  \Sylvia 
hortensis). 

Fight,  z'.  ».  I.  Combat,  war,  battle,  contend  (in 
arms),  draw  the  sword,  unsheathe  the  sword, 
measure  swords,  take  arms,  take  up  arms,  go  to 
war,  let  slip  the  dogs  of  war,  try  the  fortune  of 
arms  or  battle. 

2.  Do  battle,  ply  one's  weapons,  contend, 
struggle,  strive. 

3.  Contend,  join  battle,  give  battle,  struggle, 
strive,  struggle  for  victory,  engage  each  other. 

4.  Come  to  blows,  engage  in  fisticuffs,  fall  to 
blows  or  loggerheads. 

5.  Contend,  contest,  struggle,  strive,  dispute, 
oppose,  wrestle,  make  resistance,  act  in  opposition. 

Fight,  V.  a.  I.  War  against,  combat  against,  con- 
tend against,  join  battle  with,  break  a  lance  with, 
come  to  close  quarters  with. 

2.  Carry  through  (J>y  fighting\  win,  gain,  sus- 
tain, maintain. 

3.  Wage,  carry  on,  conduct. 

4.  Manoeuvre,  manage  {in  battle),  handle, 
carry  through  the  fight. 

Fight,  «.  I.  Combat,  battle,  conflict,  contest, 
struggle,  engagement,  encounter,  action,  affair, 
brush,  fray,  affray,  miUe. 

2.  Affray,  fray,  personal  encounter,  turn  at 
fisticuffs. 

3.  Broil,  riot,  mil^e,  affray,  row  {colloq.). 

4.  Fighting  temper,  spirit,  resistance,  dispo- 
sition to  struggle. 

Fighter,  n.    Combatant,  warrior.    See  Champion. 
Fighting,  n.     Contention,  strife,  quarrel,  warfare, 

warring. 
Figment,  n.     Invention,  fiction,  fabrication,  fable. 


Fig-pecker,  «.    (Omith.)    See  Fig-eater. 
Figurative,  a.    I.  Typical,   representative,    ena- 
blematicai. 

2.  Tropical,  metaphorical. 

3.  Flowery,  florid,  ornate. 

Figure*  «.     I.   Form,  shape,  conformation,  config- 
uration, outline,  tournure. 

2.  Image,  likeness,  effigy,  representation. 

3.  Appearance    (<m   respects   action   or   coTt- 
dtict). 

4.  Distinguished  appearance. 

5.  Design  {on  cloth,  paper ,  etc.),  pattern. 

6.  {Geom.)    Diagram,  drawing. 

1.  {Rhet.)     Metaphor,    trope,    image,    meta- 
phorical term  or  expression. 

8.  {Com.)    Price. 

9.  {Theol.)    Type,  emblem,  symbol. 

10.  (Arit/t.)    Digit,   number,    numeral,    char- 
acter. 
Figure,  V.  a.    I.   Adorn  [with  figures),  diversify, 
variegate. 

1.  Represent,    symbolize,  signify,   typify,   be 
typical  of,  shadow  forth. 

3.  Imagine,  ^  image,   conceive,   picture,  repre- 
sent, have  an  idea  of. 

4.  Make  a  drawing  of,  make  a  representation 
of. 

5.  Calculate,  compute,  cipher. 

Figure^  v.   n.     I.   Appear,  act,  perform,  take  or 
sustain  the  part  of. 

2.  Make  a  figure,    make  a  distinguished  ap- 
pearance, be  distinguished,  be  conspicuous. 

3.  Show  off,  cut  a  dash,  make  a  great  show, 
cut  a  figure. 

Figure  up.     {Colloq.)    I.  Add,  sum  up,  find  the 
amount  of. 

2.   Calculate,  reckon,  compute. 
Figwort,  «.     Scrophularia. 
FilagO,  n.     Cudweed. 
Filament,  «.     I.   Fibre,  thread. 

2.   {Boi.)    Tendril,  cirrus,  fibril. 
Filamentous,     a.    I.     Filiform,      thread-shaped, 
fibrinous. 

2.  Consisting  of  filaments,  fibrous. 
Filch,  V.  a.  Pilfer,  purioin,  steal,  crib. 
File,  n.     I.    Toothed  <>r  threaded  tool,  rasp. 

2.  (Mil.)    Kov/ {,0/ soldiers  ranged  one  behind 
another). 

3.  Bundle  of  papers. 

File,  V.  a.     I.   Rasp,  rub  down  with  a  file,  smooth 
or  finish  with  a  file. 

2.  Place  on  file. 

3.  Smooth,  polish. 
File,  V.  n.     March  in  a  file. 

File-leader,    n.     Fugleman,    flugelman,    leader, 

director,  coryphaeus. 
Filibuster,  «.     I.   Pirate,  freebooter,  buccaneer, 

sea-robber,  sea-rover. 
2.   [Recent.l    Lawless  adventurer. 
Fllidform,  a.    Fem-shaped. 
Fillcoid,  a.    (Bot.)    Fern-like. 
Filiform,  a.      Filamentous,   thread-shaped,  long 

and  slender. 
FiU,  v.a.     I.    Make  full,  fill  up. 

2.  Pervade,  occupy,  occupy  completely. 

3.  Dilate,  expand,  stretch,  distend. 

4.  Store,  supply,  furnish,  replenish,  stock. 

5.  Satis^,  content,  sate,  glut,  satiate,  cloy, 
pall. 

6.  Supply  with  an  incumbent. 

7.  Occupy  (as  a  place  of  trust),  hold,  fulfil, 
perform  the  duties  of,  officiate  in. 

Fill,  v.n.     I.    Fill  a  glass  or  cup. 

2.   Become  full,  be  filled,  fill  up. 
Fill,  n.     Full  supply. 
Fillet,  n.     Band,  bandage. 
Filllbeg,».    [Written  also  PAt///-?*?^.]    Kilt 


FILL  OUT 


168 


FIRE 


Fill  out.    Extend  or  enlarge  [to  the  full  size  or 

limit), 
rm  Up.    [Active.)    I.   Fill,  make  full. 

2.   Occupy,  employ,  use. 
nil  Up.    [Neuter.)    Become  full,  be  filled,  be  filled 

Filly»  «.     I.   Female  colt,  mare  foal. 

2.  Young  mare. 

3.  Wanton  girl,  wayward  piece. 
Film,  n.     I.    Pellicle,  thin  skin  or  coating. 

2.   Thread,  line  thread,  cobweb  thread. 
Filter,  v.  a.     Strain,  pass  through  a  strainer  or 

filter. 
Filter*  v.  n.    Percolate,  transude,  exude,  strain, 

ooze. 
Filter,  «.     Strainer. 
Filth,  n.     I.   Dirt,  nastiness,  foul  matter. 

2.   Crossness,   foulness,  corruption,  pollution, 

impurity,  nastiness,  defilement,  uncieanness. 
Filtny,  a.     I.   Dirty,  nasty,  foul,  defiled,  unclean, 

squalid. 
2.    Impure,  gross,  corrupt,  unclean,  foul. 
Filtratiou,  «.     Filtering,  straining. 
iimbriate,    I  ^     -u^x^^^a 
Fimbriated,  r*    ^""S"'^- 
Final,  a.     I.^  Last,  latest,  ultimate,  eventual. 

2.   Decisive,  conclusive,  definitive. 
Fiual  cause.     End,  aim,  object,  purpose,  design, 

intent,  intention. 
Finale,   «.      [It.]      End,  termination,    conclusion, 

closing   part    [primarily  and  strictly.,    of  an 

opera  or  a  cottcert). 
Finality,   ».      I.   Completeness,    conclusiveness, 

definitiveness,  final  character. 

2.  Final  settlement,  final  arrangement. 

3,  [Philos.)    Teleology,  doctrine  of  purpose, 
theory  of  final  causes. 

Finally,  ad.     I.   Lastly,  in  conclusion. 

2.  Ultimately,  eventually,  in  the  end,  at  last, 
in  the  long  run. 

3.  For  good,  for  good  and  all,  once  for    all, 
as  the  final  move. 

Finance,  n.     I.    Monetary  theory,  science  or  art 
of  monetary  relations,  theory  of  revenue  or  fiscal 
relations. 
2.   Revenue,  money,  money  matters. 

Finances,  «.  pi.     I.    Revenues,  public  funds,  pub- 
lic resources,  treasury,  fiscal  resources. 

2.   [Colloq.)      Income,     money     matters,    re- 
sources, property,  affairs  [of  a  private  person). 

Financial,  a.     Monetary,  pecuniary,  fiscal. 

Financialist,  n.     See  Financier. 

Financier,  «.     Financialist,  adept  in  matters   of 
finance,  manager  of  revenue. 

Find,  v.a.     I.   Discover,   fall  upon,   light   upon, 
meet  with,  fall  in  with. 

2.  Obtain,  get,  procure,  gain,  arrive  at,  attain 
to. 

3.  Observe,  remark,  notice,  perceive,  discover. 

4.  Detect,  catch. 

5.  Supply,  furnish,  contribute,  provide. 

6.  Supply  with  food. 

7.  [Law.)     Determine  judicially,  declare  by 
verdict. 

Find,  V.  n.    [Law.)    Declare  a  verdict,  determine 

an  issue,  decide. 
Find,  «.     Discovery. 
Find  fault.    Complain,  grumble. 
Find   fault   with.      Blame,    censure,    criticise, 

reprove. 
Find  in.    Provide  with,  supply  with. 
Finding,  «.     I.    Discovery. 

2.   (Law.)    Verdict. 
Findings,  n.  pi.    Tools  and  materials  [especially 

of  sJtoevtakers). 
Finding-store,  n.     \U.  S.\    Grindery-warehouse. 
Find  one's  self.    Be,  do,  fare  [as  to'health). 


Find  out.     I.   Discover,  detect,  bring  to  light, 
2.    Ascertain,  decipher,  solve,  unriddle,  make 
out,  get  at. 
Fine,  a.     I.   Minute,  small,  little,  comminuted. 

2.  Slender,  delicate,  capillary. 

3.  Light,  of  delicate  material,  of  fine  texture. 

4.  Keen,  sharp. 

5.  Thin,  subtile,  tenuous,  attenuated. 

6.  Exquisite,  nice,  refined. 

7.  Excellent,  superior,  very  good. 

8.  Brilliant,  accomplished. 

9.  Beautiful,  handsome,  splendid,  elegant. 

10.  Clear,  pure,  unadulterated. 

11.  [As  a  term  of  slight  contempt. '\    Showy, 
garish,  gay,  flashy,  airy,  sparkish,  stilted. 

Fine,  n.  Mulct,  amercement,  forfeit,  forfeiture, 
pecuniary  penalty. 

Fine,  v.  a.     I.    Defecate,  purify,  refine. 

2.  Amerce,  mulct,  impose  a  fine  upon,  punish 
by  a  fine. 

Finery,  n.  Gewgaws,  trinkets,  ornaments,  deco- 
rations, trimmings,  fine  things,  showy  dress, 
tinsel  trappings. 

Finesse,  «.  Artifice,  strategy,  stratagems,  ruses, 
manoeuvring,  wiles,  cunning,  craft. 

Finesse,  v.  n.  Use  stratagem,  practise  tricks,  em- 
ploy artifice,  manoeuvre. 

Finger,  v.  a.    I.    Handle,  touch. 
2.   Play  on  [an  instrument). 

Finger,  v.  «.  Use  the  fingers  [in  playing  on  an 
instrument). 

Fingered,  a.    [Bot.)    Digitate. 

Finger-post,  «.     Guide-post. 

Finical,  a.  Fastidious,  squeamish,  dainty,  over- 
particular, over-nice,  nice  over-much,  affectedly 
elegant. 

Finish,  v.  a.  I.  Accomplish,  complete,  execute, 
perform,  achieve,  do,  get  done. 

2.  Perfect,  polish,  elaborate,  make  perfect. 

3.  End,  terminate,  close,  conclude,  bring  to 
an  end,  put  an  end  to. 

Finish,  «._    I.    Polish,  elaboration. 

2.  Polishing,  last  or  final  touch  or  touches. 

3.  End,  close,  termination,  wind-up. 
Finished,  a.     I.   Completed,  complete,  perfect. 

2.  Polished,  perfected,  elegant,  highly 
wrought. 

3.  Experienced,  practised,  qualified,  accom- 
plished, thorough-bred,  able,  proficient. 

Finite,  a.  Bounded,  limited,  contracted,  termina- 
ble, conditioned. 

Finlander,  n.    Finn. 

Finn,  n.     Finlander. 

Fire,  «.     I.   Combustion,  intense  heat. 

2.  Burning  fuel,  burning  of  fuel,  heap  of  burn- 
ing fuel. 

3.  Conflagration. 

4.  Firing,  discharge  of  fire-arms,  discharges. 

5.  Heat,  ardor,  fervor,  impetuosity,  violence, 
force,  passion,  fervency,  intensity,  animation, 
spirit,  vigor,  enthusiasm. 

6.  [Poetical.)  Light,  lustre,  radiance,  splen- 
dor. 

7.  Vivacity,  inspiration,  imagination,  imagina- 
tiveness, force  of  sentiment. 

8.  Torture  or  death  by  fire,  the  stake. 

9.  Torture,  trouble,  afiliction,  persecution, 
bitter  trial. 

Fire,  v.  «._    I.   Kindle,  set  on  fire. 

2.  Animate,  excite,  inspirit,  invigorate,  kindle, 
rouse,  inflame,  stir  up. 

3.  Discharge,  fire  off. 

Fire,  v.  «.     I.   Take  fire,  be  kindled. 

2.  Fire  up,  be  angered  or  irritated,  show 
irritation. 

3.  Be  roused,  excited,  kindled,  inflamed  [with 
passion). 


FIRE-ARM 


169 


FIZZLE 


4.  Discharge  a  gun,  discharge  fire-arms. 
Fire-arm,  «.  Gun,  pistol,  musket,  rifle,  etc. 
Firebrand,  «.    I.  Brand 

2.    Incendiary,  agitator. 
Fire-cracker, «.    Cracker. 

Fire-damp,  «.      Carburetted  hydrogen  {tn  coal- 
mines). 
Fire-dog,  «.     Andiron,  dog. 
Fire-eater,  «.     I.  Duelhst,    fighting    character, 
quarrelsome  brawler. 

2.  Blusterer,  swaggerer,  vaporer.  Hector, 
Hotspur,  mock  hero.  . 

Firefly,  «.     I.    El&t^r  (a/ South  A  menca). 

2.   Glow-worm  {Latnpyris  noctiluca). 
Flre-new,  a.      Bran-new,  quite  new,  spick-and- 
span  new,  span-new. 
Fire  off.     Discharge,  fire. 

Fire-place,  «.    Hearth. 

Fireproof,  a.     Incombustible. 

Fireside,  «.     I.    Hearth,  chimney-comer,  place 
near  the  fire. 
2.    Home,  domestic  life. 

Fireside,  a.     Domestic. 

Fire  up.     I.   Kindle  the  fire. 

2.  Fire,  be  angered  or  irritated,  show  irri- 
tation, bridle,  bridle  up,  bristle,  bristle  up,  get 
angry,  fly  into  a  passion.    See  Flare  up. 

Fire-worship,  «.  Mazdeism,  Zoroastrianism, 
Magianism,  Parseeism,  Dualism. 

Fire-WOrsMpper,  «.  Mazdean,  Dualist,  Parsee, 
Guebre,  Zoroastrian,  Magian. 

Ftrinfif,  «.     I.    Kindling,  setting  on  fire. 

2.  Discharge  {of  guns),  firing  oS. 

3.  Fuel,  something  to  burn. 

4.  Cautery. 

Firm,  a.  I.  Compact,  compressed,  solid,  dense, 
bard,  not  soft,  not  fluid. 

2.  Fixed,  fast,  rooted,  established,  settled, 
confirmed,  stable,  secure,  immovable. 

3.  Steady,  steadfast,  unshaken,  resolute, 
stanch,  constant. 

4.  Strong,  robust,  sinewy,  sturdy. 

Firm,  «.     Concern,  house,  company,  partnership. 
Firmament,   «•     Sky,   the  heavens,  the    welkin, 

canopy  of   heaven,    celestial  expanse,   the    blue 

vault,  the  azure. 
Firmness,  n.    I.   Solidity,  compactness,  hardness. 

2.  Stability,  strength. 

3.  Constancy,  steadfastness,  steadiness. 
First,  a.     I.    Foremost,  leading. 

2.  Chief,  highest,  principal,  capital. 

3.  Earliest. 

4.  Primary,  elementary,  rudimentary. 

5.  Primitive,  primeval,  pristine. 

First,  ad.  In  the  first  place,  at  the  outset,  in 
the  beginning,  first  and  foremost,  before  any- 
thing else. 

First-bom,  a.    Eldest. 

First-born,  «.    Eldest  child. 

First-class,  a.  (Co//<>?. /or  First-rate,  which 
see.) 

First  cotisin.    Cousin-german. 

First  or  last.  At  one  time  or  another,  sooner  or 
later,  at  some  time. 

First-rate,  «.  Ship  of  the  first  class,  three- 
decker. 

First-rate,  a.  Of  the  first  class,  of  the  highest 
order,  of  the  best  sort,  of  the  highest  grade, 
first-class  {colloq.). 

Fiscal,  a,     Financial. 

Fish,  V.  n.     I.   Angle,  bob,  try  to  catch  fish. 

2.  [With  /or.\  Angle,  seek  by  indirection, 
endeavor  to  call  out,  hint  after,  seek  by  artifice. 

Fish,  V.  a.     I.   Angle,  try  to  uke  in. 

2.  Grapple,  catch,  draw  up. 

3.  Rake,  drag,  search  by  dragging  or  raking. 

4.  Splice,  mend  or  strengthen  with  a  splint. 


Fisher,  «•    I.   Fisherman,  angler. 

2.  Pecan,  wood-shock  ( MusUla  Canadensis). 
Fisherman,  «.     Fisher,  angler. 
Fish  for.    Angle  for,  try  to  get  {by  artifice),  hint 

at  indirectly. 
Fish-glue,  n.     Isinglass,  icthyocol,  ichthyocoUa, 

oarlock  {Russian  isinglass). 
Fish-hawk,        I  ».     Osprey,    fishing-eagle,   bald 
fishing-hawk,  j       buzzard  {Falco  or  Fandion 

haiuu-tos). 

Fishing-eagle,  n.    See  Fish-hawk. 

Fishing-frog,  «.  Angler,  frog-fish,  toad-fish,  sea- 
devil  {Lophius  piscatortus). 

Fish  in  the  air.  Beat  the  air,  make  vain  efforts, 
try  in  vain,  lash  the  waves. 

Fish-soup,  «.     Chowder. 

Fissure,  «.  Cleft,  crevice,  chink,  crack,  cranny, 
break,  breach,  gap,  interstice,  opening,  chasm, 
rift,  fracture. 

Fist,  «.     Clenched  hand. 

Fisticuffs,  «•  Blows,  encounter  with  the  fists, 
personal  encounter,  fist  fight. 

S^!HJ*^'    }  a.     Hollow,  pipe-like,  fistulose. 
Fistulous, )  *^ 

Fit,  n.  I.  Paroxysm,  spasm,  sudden  or  violent 
attack,  stroke  of  disease. 

2.  Humor,  whim,  fancy,  temporary  affection. 

3.  Interval,  turn,  period,  spell. 
Fit,  a.     I.   Qualified,  conipetent,  fitted. 

2.   Suitable,  appropriate,  apt,  apposite,  meet, 
seemly,  becoming,  fitting,  befitting,  proper,  con- 
venient, good. 
Fit,  V.  a.     I.    Suit,  adapt,  adjust,  make  suitable. 

2.  Become,  be  adapted  to,  be  suitable  for,  be 
becoming  to. 

3.  Accommodate,  provide,  qualify,  equip,  pre- 
pare, get  ready. 

Fit,  v.n.     I.   Be  proper,  be  becoming. 

2.   Be  suited,  be  adapted. 
Fitchew,     n.       Fitchet,    fitch,    fitchee,    fitchele, 

fitchuk,  pole-cat,  foumart  {Mustela  putorius). 
Fitful,  a.     I.    Variable,  irregular,  spasmodic,  im- 
pulsive,    unstable,     fickle,    whimsical,    fanciful, 
capricious,  fantastic,   humorsome,  odd. 
2.    Eventful,  checkered,  full  of  vicissitude- 
Fitfully,  ad.      I.    Irregularly,  capriciously,  in  a 
fitful  manner. 

2.   At   intervals,  by  fits,   by  starts,   by  turns, 
intermittently,  flickeringly. 
Fitness,  n.     I.    Suitableness,  adaptation,  aptness, 
aptitude,  appropriateness,  pertinence,  propriety. 
2.  Qualification,  preparation. 
Fit  out.     Equip,  furnish,  supply  with  necessaries. 
Fit  up.    Prepare,  make  ready. 
Fix,  V.  a.     I.   Set,  place,  establish,  plant,  fasten, 
make  firm  or  stable. 

2.  Attach,  tie,  connect,  fasten,  make  fast. 

3.  Determine,  define,  limit,  appoint,  settle. 

4.  Direct  steadily,  rivet,  fasten. 

5.  Solidify,  consolidate. 

Fix,  V.  n.     I.   Rest,  remain,  abide,  settle,  become 

permanent. 
2.   Solidify,  congeal,  stiffen,  grow  firm,  cease 

to  be  fluid  or  volatile. 
Fix,   n.      Predicament,    dilemma,    plight,    pickle 

(colloq.). 
Fixation,  n.    I.  Fixing. 

2.    Fixedness,  fixity,  fixure,  firmness,  stability. 
Fix  on.      J  Settle  on,  determine  upon,  decide  up- 
Fix  upon. )      on,  select,  choose. 
Fizz,  V.  n.     See  Fizzle. 
Fizzle,  V.  n.    I.   Hiss,    make    a   hissing   noise, 

fizz. 
2.   {Colloq. )    Fail,  make  a  failure  of  it,  fizzle 

out. 
Fizzle,   «.     {Colloq.)     Failure,   fiasco,   abortive 

attempt 


FIZZLE  OUT 


170 


FLAWLESS 


Fizzle  out.    Fail.     See  Fizzle. 

Flabbergasted,  a.  {CoUoq.  and  humorous.') 
CJonfounded,  confused,  abashed,  ashamed,  dis- 
concerted, nonplussed,  dumfounded  {colloq.), 
taken  aback,  thrown   off  one's  balance. 

Flabby,  a.  Soft,  yielding,  inelastic,  limp.  See 
Flaccid. 

Flaccid,  a.  Soft,  limber,  limp,  flabby,  yielding, 
lax,  drooping,  relaxed,  inelastic,  hanging  loose, 
pendulous. 

Flaccidity,    I  «.      Limbemess,     softness,    laxity, 

Flaccidness,  j  limpness,  relaxed  condition,  Hab- 
biness,  looseness. 

Flag,  V.  n.     I.    Hang  loose,  droop. 

2.  Languish,  droop,  faint,  decline,  pine,  sink, 
succumb,  become  weak,  grow  languid,  lose  vigor, 
become  dejected. 

3.  Pall,  grow  stale,  become  vapid,  lose  in- 
terest. 

Flag,  n.    I.    Flag-stone,  flat  paving  stone. 

2.  Banner,  streamer,  colors,  standard,  pennon, 
pennant,  ensign,  gonfalon. 

3.  Iris,  fiower-de-luce,  flower-de-lis  (Iris 
pseudacorus'). 

Flagellate,  v.  a.  Whip,  scourge,  castigate,  flog, 
thrash,  beat,  cudgel,  drub. 

riagellation,  n.  Whipping,  scourging,  castiga- 
tion,  bcatmg,  flogging,  thrashing,  drubbing. 

Flagitious,  a.  Atrocious,  heinous,  villanous,  in- 
famous, scandalous,  nefarious,  flagrant,  profli- 
gate,  corrupt,  abandoned,  enormously  wicked. 

FUlgrancj,  «•     Notoriety,  enormity. 

Flagrant,  a.  I.  Flaming,  glowing,  burning, 
raging. 

2.  Notorious,  crying,  glaring,  enormous,  flagi- 
tious. 

Flag-Stone,  «.     Flag,  flat  paving  stone. 

Flake,  «.     Scale,  lamina,  laver. 

Flake,  v.  n.     Scale,  scale  off,  come  off  in  flakes. 

Flambeau, «.    Torch. 

Flame,  «.     I.    Blaze,  burning  vapor. 

2.  Fire. 

3.  Ardor,    fervor,    fervency,  warmth,  enthu- 


4.   {Colloq. )    Love,  sweetheart. 
Flame,  v.  n.     I.    Blaze. 

2.   Glow,  bum,  warm,  be  fervid  or   fervent, 
thrill,  be  enthusiastic. 
Flaming,  a.     I.    Blazing. 

2.  Brij^ht  red,  of  a  bright  color. 

3.  Violent,  vehement,  exciting,  intense,  glow- 
ing, burning,  bursting. 

Flank,  n.    Side. 

Flank,  v.  a.     I.   {Mil.)    Attack  on  the  side,  ap- 
proach on  the  side,  turn  the  flank  of. 

2.  Secure  on  the  side. 

3.  Border  (upon),  stand  at  the   side   of,   lie 
along,  shut  in  at  the  side. 

Flank,   v.   «.     I.   [With  upon.']    Border,  touch, 
lie,  have  the  side. 
2.   Be  posted  on  the  side. 
Flap,  n.     I.     Hanging  fold. 

2.  Flapping,  swinging,  pendulous  motion. 

3.  Flapping  stroke,  slap. 

Flap,  V.  a.     Wave   about,    shake,    beat,    vibrate, 

flutter. 
Flap,  V.  n.     I.    Wave,  vibrate,  move  in  folds, 

flutter  noisily. 
2.   Fall. 
Flap-dragon,  «.     Snap-dragon  {a  game). 
Flare,   v.   n.      I.   Waver,   flicker,  flutter,  stream 

broadly  sideways,  blaze  unsteadily. 

2.  Glare,  dazzle,  shine  forth  suddenly,  flame, 
blaze. 

3.  Widen,  widen  out,  spread  outward,  flue, 
splay. 

Flare,  «.    Glare,  unsteady  light. 


Flare  up.  Fly  into  a  passion,  get  angry,  fire  up, 
lose  one's  temper,  boil  over  wiih  rage. 

Flash,  n.  I.  Momentary  blaze,  sudden  burst  of 
light,  gleam,  glare. 

2.  Instant,  moment,  twinkling,  twinkling  of 
an  eye. 

3.  Slang  (of  thieves  and  gypsiesX  cant 
language. 

Flash,  V.  n.     I.   Emit  a  sudden  light. 

2.   Break  (forth)  suddenly. 
Flashy,  a.      I.   Showy,    ostentatious,    flaunting, 
gawdy,  tawdry,  pretentious,  tinsel,  glittering  but 
superficial. 

2.  Insipid,  tasteless,  mawkish,  flat,  vanid. 
stale.  *^  ^ 

*^5*  **■  ^'  Level,  horizontal,  champaign  (said 
of  an  extent  of  land). 

2.  Even,  plane,  smooth,  without  prominences. 

3.  Low,  prostrate,  level  with  the  ground,  laid 
low. 

4.  Dull,  lifeless,  spiritless,  unanimated,  frigid, 
tame,  prosaic,  uninteresting,  pointless. 

5.  Vapid,  tasteless,  insipid,  stale,  dead,  flashy, 
mawkish. 

6.  Peremptory,  absolute,  positive,  down- 
right. 

7.  (Mus.)    Below  true  pitch. 

8.  (Mus.)  Lower  by  a  semitone,  a  semitone 
lower. 

Flat,  n.  I.  Shoal,  shallow,  strand,  bar,  sand- 
bank. 

2.  Plain,  lowland,  level  piece  of  country, 
champaign. 

3.  (Colloq.)    Simpleton,  ninny.     See  Dunce. 

4.  Floor,  story,  apartment. 
Flat-iron,  n.     Sad-iron,  smoothing  iron. 
Flatten,  v.  a.     Make  flat  (in  all  the  senses  of  the 

adjective;  which  see). 
Flatten,   v.  n.     Become  flat  (in  all  the  senses  o/ 

the  adjective  ;  which  see). 
Flatter,  v.  a,     I.    Compliment,  gratify  by  praise. 

2.  Cajole,  wheedle,  blandish,  humor,  coax, 
court,  coddle,  pay  court  to,  fawn  upon,  curry 
favor  with,  try  to  win  by  adulation,  make  much 
of. 

3.  Encourage  by  plausible  representations, 
inspire  with  false  hopes. 

Flatterer,  n.  Sycophant,  fawner,  parasite,  whee- 
dler,  toady,  flunky,  spaniel,  lick-spittle,  pick- 
thank,  toad-eater. 

Flattery,  «.  _  I.  Pretended  compliment,  insincere 
commendation,  false  praise. 

2.  Obsequiousness,  sycophancy,  servility,  ca- 
jolery, fawning,  adulation,  blandishment,  blarney. 

FlatSScy,  }  «•    Windiness  (in  the  bowels). 

Flatulent,  a.     Windy. 

Flaunt,  V.  n.  Flutter,  make  a  show,  make  a 
parade,  cut  a  dash,  be  ostentatious. 

Flaunt,  V.  a.  I.  Wave  ostentatiously,  brazenly, 
insolently,  or  boldly. 

2.  Display  with  eflFrontery,  toss,  flourish,  dis- 
port, vaunt,  boast. 

Flaunting,  a.  Ostentatious,  showy,  flashy,  gar- 
ish, tawdry,  gaudy. 

Flavor,  «.  I.  Taste,  savor,  relish,  zest,  smack, 
gust,  gusto. 

2.  (Unusual.)  Aroma,  perfume,  fragrance, 
odor. 

3.  Subtle  quality,  essence,  spirit,  soul,  aroma. 
Flaw,  n.     I.   Break,  crack,  breach,  cleft,  fissure, 

rift,  fracture,  rent. 

2.  Blemish,  spot,  speck,  fleck,  feult,  defect, 
imperfection. 

3.  (Naut.)    Gust  of  wind. 

Flawless,  a.  Perfect,  without  a  flaw,  without  a 
break. 


FLAWY 


171 


FLOOR 


Flawy,  a.    I.   Faulty,  defective,  full  of  flaws  or 

cracks. 
2.   Gusty. 
Flax-coml),  n.     Hatchel,  hackle,  heckle. 
Flaxseed,  »•     Linseed. 

Flay,  V.  a.     Skin,  excoriate,  strip  tlie  skin  from. 
Fleck,    V.   a.      Spot,    streak,    dapple,    speckle, 

variepate. 
Flecked,  a.    Spotted,  streaked,  striped,  dappled, 

mottled,  variegated,  piebald. 
Fledgling,  n.     Young  bird. 
Flee,  V.  n.    Fly,  run,  decamp,   escape,   abscond, 

hasten  away,  run  away,  make  off,  turn  tail,  cut 

and  run. 
Fleece,  v.  a.     I.  Clip,  shear,  deprive  of  fleece. 

2.  Strip,  rob,  plunder,  despoil,  rifle,  steal  from. 

3.  Supply  with  fleece. 

4.  Cover  fleecily,  shroud  softly,  wrap  in  misty 
clouds,  fold  in  snow. 

Fleecy,  a.     I.   Woolly. 

2.   Fleece-like. 
Fleer,  «.  and  v.  n.    Gibe,  scoff,  mock,  jeer. 
Fleet,    n.     I.   Flotilla,  squadron,  navy,    armada, 

company  of  ships. 
2.   Arm  of  the  sea,  inlet,  creek,  cove. 
Fleet,  a.     Swift,  rapid,  quick,  nimble. 
Fleeting,    a.     Transitory,    transient,    ephemeral, 

temporary,  passing,  evanescent,  fugitive,  flitting, 

flying,   briei,  short-lived,  here  to-day  and  gone 

to-morrow. 
Fleetness,    n.    Swiftness,     quickness,     rapidity, 

celerity,  velocity,  speed,  nimbleness. 
Flesll,  ».     I.   M.usc\t  Axxd  idX  {o/ anirnal  ifodus), 

2.  Meat,  animal  food. 

3.  Pulp,  edible  part  {,of fruit). 

4.  Body  (aj  opposed  to  spirit),  flesh  and  blood, 
natural  man  (as  opposed  to  the  spiritual). 

5.  Carnality,  sensual  appetites,  bodily  desires. 

6.  Kindred,  stock,  race. 

7.  Mankind,  man,  the  world. 

Flesh  and  blood.     I.   Body,  human  system,  cor- 
poreal nature. 

2.  Kindred,  blood-kindred  {especially  one's 
offspring). 

Flesh-color,  «.     Carnation. 

Flesh-eating,  a.     Carnivorous. 

Fleshiness,  «.     Fatness,  plumpness,  corpulence, 
corpulency,  embonpoint,  obesity. 

Fleshly,  a.     I.    Human,  of  flesh. 

2.  Carnal,  sensual,  lustful,  lascivious,  lecher- 
ous. 

Fleshy,  a.     Fat,  plump,  corpulent,  obese. 

Flenr-de-lls,  ».     [Fr.]     Yellow  flag  (/rM/j«<<&- 
corus),  flower-de-luce,  flower-de-lis,  iris. 

Flexibility,    «.     I.    Pliancy,    pliability,    flexible- 
ness,  limberness,  litheness,  suppleness. 

2.  Compliance,  yielding  disposition,  ductility, 
complaisance,  pliancy,  anability,  tractableness, 
easy  temper. 

Flexible,    a.     I.   Pliable,    pliant,    limber,    lithe, 
supple,  easily  bent,  flexile- 

2.  Tractable,  pliant,  pliable,  yielding,  com- 
plaisant, compliant,  affable,  gentle,  ductile,  docile. 

Flexibleness,  «.     Pliancy.     See  Flbxibilitv. 

Flexile,  a.     Pliable.     See  Flexiblb. 

Flexnous,  a.    Winding,  bending,  tortuous,  sinuous, 

sinuate,  crooked,  serpentine. 
Flexure,  n.    I.    Bending,    curving,    incurvating, 

incurvation. 
_  2.   Bend,  crook,  turn,  fold,  winding,  incurva- 

tion,  curvature. 

3.  Curvature,  mode  of  bending,  rate  of  incur- 
vation. 

Flibbertigibbet,  ».    Imp,  sprite,  demon,  malignant 

spirit,  little  devil. 
Flicker,  v.  «.     I.   Flutter. 

2.   Fluctuate,  waver,  float,  flutter,  flare. 


FUckermoose,  n.    Bat,  flindermouse,  flittermouse. 
Fiijght,  n.     I.    Flying,  soaring,  mounting,  voliia- 
tion. 

2.  Fleeing,  hasty  departure,  flying. 

3.  Flock  {of  birds). 

4.  Volley,  shower. 

Flighty,  a.  Giddy,  wild,  volatile,  mercurial, 
frivolous,  capricious,  fickle,  whimsical,  unbal- 
anced, light-headed,  without  ballast. 

Flimsy,  a.  I.  Slight,  thin,  unsubstantial,  of  frail 
texture. 

2.   Weak,  feeble,  trivial,  frivolous,  foolish,  tri- 
fling, light,  puerile,  shallow,  superficial,  trashy. 

Flinch,  V.  n.  Shrink,  withdraw,  retreat,  swerve, 
wince,  draw  back,  hold  back. 

Flindermouse,  «.    Bat,  flittermouse,  flickermouse. 

Flinders,  n.pl.     Splinters,  fragments. 

Fling,  V.  a.  I.  Throw,  cast,  hurl,  toss,  dart,  pitch, 
flirt,  chuck,  shy. 

2.  Prostrate,  overthrow,  throw  to  the  ground, 
throw  down. 

Fling,  V.  n.  I.  Flounce,  wince,  fly  into  violent 
motions. 

2.  Start  <w  rush  angrily,  flounce. 

3.  Jeer,  sneer,  gibe,  flout,  upbraid. 
Fling,  n.     I.   Throw,  cast,  toss. 

2.  Jeer,  gibe,  flout,  scoff,  sneer,  taunt. 

Fling  away.     Reject,  discard,  throw  away. 

Fling  open.    Throw  open,  open  suddenly. 

Fling  Up.     Relinquish,  abandon. 

Flippancy,  «.     I.   Volubility,  fluency. 

2.   Pertness,  inconsiderate  glibness,  unscrupu* 
lous  smartness,  superficial  assurance. 

Flippant,  a.  I.  Voluble,  fluent,  glib,  talkative, 
nimble  of  speech,  of  ready  utterance. 

2.   Pert,  impertinent,  malapert,  forward,  bold, 
inconsiderately  glib,  unscrupulously  pert. 

Flirt,  V.  a.     I.   Throw  (w/VA  a  jerk),  toss,  fling, 
pitch,  hurl,  chuck,  shy. 
2.   Twirl,  flutter,  whirl,  whisk. 

Flirt,  V.  n.  Coquet,  philander,  make  love,  make 
a  show  of  love,  affect  to  be  in  love,  play  at  court- 
ship. 

Flirt,  n.     I.   Coquette,  jilt 
2.  Jerk,  sudden  fling. 

Flirtation,  n.     Coquetry,  affectation  of  love* 

FUt,  V.  n.     Fly  rapidly,  dart  along. 

Flitter,  n.     Rag,  tatter,  fritter,  shred. 

Flittermoose,  n.  Bat,  flindermouse,  flicker- 
mouse. 

Flitting,  a.  Fleeting,  evanescent,  transient,  tran- 
sitory, passing,  fugitive,  ephemeral. 

Float,  V.  n.     Swim,  waft,  be  buoyed  up. 

Float,  V.  a.  Buoy  up,  bear  up,  keep  afloat,  bear 
on  the  surface. 

Float,  n.     I.   Raft,  floating  mass. 

2.  Buoy. 

3.  Float-board. 
Float-board, «.    Float. 

Flocdllation,  «.    {Med. )    Carphology,  tilmus. 
Flock,  n.     I.    Collection  (of  sheep,  etc.),  company. 

2.  Congregation. 

3.  Lock  of  wool. 

4.  Cotton  and  woollen  refuse. 

Flock,  V.  n.     Conpegate,  herd,  gather  in  crowds. 
Flog,  V.  a.    Beat,  lash,  whip,  thrash,  drub,  scourge, 

flagellate,  castigate,  chastise. 
Flood,  «.    I.   Inundation,  deluge,  overflow,  freshet 

2.   Great  flow,  rush,  downrush,  multitude. 
Flood,  V.  a.     Overflow,  inundate,  deluge,  flow. 
Flood-gate,  ».     Sluice-gate. 
Flood-mark,  «.     High-water  mark. 
Floor,  V.  a.     I.   Cover  with  a  floor,  put  a  floor  on. 

2.  Overthrow,  prostrate,  bring  to  the  floor, 
knock  down. 

3.  Prevail  over  {in  argument),  pose,  nonplus, 
get  the  better  oi. 


FLORA 


172 


FLUSTER 


Flora*  «.     Plants  {of  a  country),  vegetation,  vege- 
table life. 
Floret,  n.     Floweret,  little  flower. 
Floriculture,  «.     Cultivation  of  flowers. 
Floriculturist,  n.     Florist. 
Florid,  a.     I.   {Poetical.)     Flowery. 

2.  Rubicund,  flushed,  of  a  bright  red  color. 

3.  Ornate,  rhetorical,  figurative,  highly  embel- 
lished. 

Florist,  «.     Floriculturist. 

FlSS'H-     Floating  wreckage. 

Flounce,  v,  «.     I.   Fling,  wince,  fly  into  violent 
motions  {as  an  animal  in  a  passion).   See  Fling, 
V.  n. 
2.  Toss  about.    See  Flounder. 

Flounce,  «.     I.    Jerk,  spring. 

2.    Frill  {pn  a  gown.,  etc.),  furbelow. 

Flounder,  v.  «.     Struggle  {as  an  animal  in  the 
mire),  toss,  tumble,  wallow,  flounce,  toss  about. 

Flounder,  «.     Flowk,  fluke,  turbot  {Pleuronectes 
or  Platessajflesus). 

Flour-box,    n.    Dredging-box,  dredge-box,  flour- 
dredge. 

Flour-dredge,     «.      Dredging-box,       flour-box, 
dredge-box. 

Flourish,  v.n.     I.   Thrive,  grow. 

2.  Prosper,  succeed,  be  successful,  go  on  well. 

3.  Boast,  brag,  vaunt,  vapor,  gasconade, 
bluster,  make  a  show,  be  ostentatious,  show  ofif, 
cut  a  dash,  make  a  flourish. 

4.  Attain  one's  prime,  JDe  at  the  height  of  one's 
powers,  be  in  vigor,  exercise  one's  full  powers. 

Flourisll,  V.  a.     Brandish,  wave. 

Flourish,  «.     I.  Ostentation,  parade,  show,  dis- 
play, dash. 

^  2.    Bombast,  grandiloquence,  altiloquence,  fus- 
tian, flowery  speech,  high-sounding  words. 
3.   Fanciful  strokes  {of  a  pen,  etc.). 

Flout,  V.  a.    Insult,  mock,  jeer,  gibe,  fleer,  deride, 
taunt,  chaff,  scoff  at,  sneer  at,  treat  with  contempt. 

Flout,  V.  n.     Sneer,  jeer,  gibe,  scoff,  fleer,  fling, 
be  contemptuous. 

Flout,  n.     Insult,  mocking,  mockery,  mock,  sneer, 
jeer,  gibe,  fling,  scoffing,  scoff,  taunt. 

Flow,  V.  n.    I.  Stream,  run,  pour,  roll  on,  sweep 
along. 

2.  Melt,  liquefy,  be  molten,  deliquesce. 

3.  Issue,  emanate,  proceed,  come,  grow,  arise, 
follow,  spring,  result,  be  derived. 

4.  Glide,  move  along  easily  or  smoothly. 

5.  Wave,  float,  undulate,  waver,  hang  loosely. 

6.  Abound,  be  full,  be  copious. 

Flow,  V.  a.    I.    Flood,  inundate,  deluge,  overflow, 
cover  with  water. 

2.   Cause  to  flow  {as  varnish  or  paint). 
Flow,  n.     I.    Stream,  current,  flux,  flood. 

2.   Abundance,  copiousness. 
Flower,  «.     I.   Blossom,  bloom. 

2.  Best  part,  finest  part. 

3.  Prime,  early  vigor. 

4.  Figure,  figure  of  speech,  ornamental  ex- 
pression. 

Flower,  v.  «.    Blossom,  bloom,  be  in  flower,  put 
forth  flowers. 

Flower-cup, «.    Calyx. 

Flower-de-luce,    «.     Fleur-de-lis,    flower-de-lis, 
yellow  flag  {Iris  pseudacorus),  iris. 

Floweret,  «.     Floret,  little  flower. 

Flowers  of  sulphur.     Sublimed  sulphur. 

Flowery,  a.     I.   Bloomy,  full  of  flowers  (  Poet- 
ical), florid. 
2.   Ornate,  figurative,  florid. 

Flowing,  a.     I.   Running. 

2.    Fluent,  copious,  smooth. 

Flowk,    n.      Fluke,     flounder,    turbot   {Platessa 
flestis  ox  maximus). 


Fluctuate,  v.  «.  I.  Oscillate,  undulate,  wave,  be 
unsteady,  rise  and  fall,  roll  hither  and  thither, 
move  to  and  fro,  move  up  and  down. 

2.  Vary,  change,  rise  and  fall. 

3.  Waver,  vacillate,  be  irresolute  ^^r  inconstant 
or  unsettled. 

Fluctuation,  n.  I.  Oscillation,  undulation,  roll- 
ing, unsteadiness,  rising  and  falling. 

2.  Variation,  change,  shifting,  rise  and  fall. 

3.  Wavering,  inconstancy,  vacillation,  hesita- 
tion. 

Flue,  n.    I.  Smoke-vent 

2.  Heat-pipe,  heating-tube  {in  a  boiler). 

3.  Flew,  fluff,  nap,  soft  down,  downy  fur, 
flossy  hair. 

Flue,  V.  n.     Flare,  splay,  spread  outward,  expand. 
Fluency,    «.      I.    Smoothness,    flowing    quality, 

liquidness. 

2.   Copiousness,  affluence,  readiness  of  speech, 

ready  utterance,  command  of  language,  facility  of 

expression,  gift  of  the  gab  {colloq.). 
Fluent,  a.     I.   Flowing,  gliding,  liquid,  current. 

2.  Smooth. 

3.  Copious,  affluent,  ready  {in  speech). 
Fltlff,  n.     Nap,  down,  flue,  flew,  downy  fur,  flossy 

hair. 

Fluffy,  a.     Nappy,  downy,  flossy. 

Flugelman,  «.  File-leader,  leader,  director,  fugle- 
man. 

Fluid,  a.  Liquid  and  gaseous,  liquid  or  gaseous 
{as  the  case  may  be). 

Fluid,  n.     Liquid,  liquor ;  gas,  vapor. 

Fluke,  n.     I.   Anchor-flake,  grappling-flap. 

2.  Ts:\\-^a\,{o/awhale). 

3.  Flounder,  turbot,  flowk  {Platessa  flesus  or 
maximus). 

4.  Lucky  stroke,  stroke  of  luck  {primarily,  at 
billiards). 

5.  Fluke-worm,  liver-worm,  gourd-worm  {Di- 
stoma  hefaticum). 

Fluke- worm,  «.     Fluke,  gourd-worm,  liver-worm 

{Dtstoma  hepaticum). 
Fliune,  «.     Chute,  race,  mill-race,  channel. 
Flummery,  «•     I.    Sowens,   sowins    or  sowans, 

porridge  {made  of  the  dust  of  oatmeal). 

2.  Trash,  frivolity,  chaff,  moonshine,  trifling, 
froth,  frippery,  empty  nonsense. 

3.  Flattery,  adulation,  blandishment,  blarney, 
empty  compliment. 

Flunkey,  «.  [Written  also  Flunky. '\  I.  Lackey, 
livery-servant. 

2.  Mean  fellow,  mean-spirited  person,  obse- 
quious person,  toady,  snob,  tuft-hunter. 

3.  {Colloq.,  U.  S.)    Dupe  {in  buying^  stocks). 
Fluor-spar,  «.    Derbyshire  spar,  fluoride  of  cal- 
cium. 

Flurry,  «.     I.   Flaw,  squall,  gust  of  wind. 

2.  Agitation,  hurry,  bustle,  confusion,  com- 
motion, perturbation,  disturbance,  flutter,  ruffle, 
hurry-skurry. 

Flurry,  v.  a.  Excite,  agitate,  confuse,  disconcert, 
disturb,  perturb,  fluster,  hurry. 

Flush,  V.  n.     I.   Flow  or  rush  suddenly,  spread 
suddenly,  start  forth. 
2.   Glow,  redden. 

Flush,  V.  a.     I.   Redden,  color,  cause  to  glow. 

2.  Animate,  elevate,  elate,  excite,  erect,  make 
proud. 

3.  Drench,  flood,  cleanse  by  flooding. 
Flush,  a.     I.    Glowing,  bright,  fresh,  vigorous. 

2.  Prolific,  exuberant,  fecund,  fertile,  prodigal, 
lavish. 

3,  Level,  even,  plane,  flat. 

Flush,  n.     I.  Redness,  ruddiness,  rosiness,  glow, 
bloom,  blush. 
2.   Sudden  impulse,  thrill,  shock. 
Fluster,  v.  a.     I.  Excite,  heat 


FLUSTER 


173 


FOND 


2.  Hurry,  agitate,  perturb,  disturb,  flurry, 
ruffle. 

3.  Confuse,  disconcert,  discompose,  flurry, 
confound,  throw  off  one's  balance. 

Fluster,  «.    I.   Heat,  glow. 

2.   Agitation.     See  Flurry. 
FInted,  a.     Grooved  (as  a  column),  channelled. 
Flute-player, «.    Flutist. 
Flutist,  «.     Flute-player. 
Flutter,  v.n.     I.   Hover,  flap  the  wings  quickly. 

2.  Flap,  move  rapidly,  flirt. 

3.  Tremble,  palpitate,  beat  or  move  tremu- 
lously. 

4.  Flaunt,  make  a  show,  make  a  parade,  cut  a 
dash,  be  ostentatious. 

5.  Fluctuate,  waver,  oscillate,  vacillate,  be 
fickle,  be  inconstant,  be  unsteady,  be  in  doubt  or 
uncertainty. 

Flutter,  n.     I.   Agitation,  tremor,  quick  motion. 
2.   Confusion,  hurry,  commotion,  agitation,  ex- 
citement,   perturbation,    flurry,     fluster,    hurry- 
skurry. 

Flux,  n.     I.   Flow,  flowing. 

2.  Mutation,  change,  transition,  shifting. 

3.  Diarrhoea,  dysentery,  looseness,  lax  state 
{pfthe  bowels). 

4.  Fusion,  melting. 

5.  Fusing  mixture,  fusing  agent,  solvent,  men- 
struum. 

Fluxion,  «.  (MaiA.)  Differential,  infinitely  small 
quantity. 

Fluxions,  n.  pi.  {AfalA.)  Differential  and  in- 
tegral calculus,  infinitesimal  calculus,  higher  cal- 
culus, calculus. 

Fly*  V.  n.     I.    Soar,  mount,  hover,  take  wine. 

2.  Flutter,  flap,  float,  wave,  undulate,  vibrate, 
play. 

3.  Burst,  explode,  be  scattered,  break  in  pieces, 
be  broken  to  pieces. 

4.  Flee,  run  away,  decamp,  abscond,  make 
off,  pack  off,  slip  away,  steal  away,  slink  away. 

5.  Pass,  elapse,  slip,  glide,  flit,  roll  on,  flow  on. 
Fly,  V.  a.     I.    Flee  from,  shun,  avoid,  flee. 

2.   Let  fly,  set  flying,  cause  to  fly  or  float. 
Fly,  «.     I.   Winged  insect,  dipteron. 

2.  House-fly,  musca. 

3.  Fly-wheel. 

4.  Compass-card. 

5.  Hackney-coach,  cab,  li^ht  vehicle. 

6.  Stage  gallery,  scene-shifting  gallery. 

Fly  at.  Assail,  attack,  assault,  rush  upon,  spring 
upon. 

Fly-bane, «.    Catchfly. 

Fly-blow,  n.     Fly's  egg. 

Fly  open.     Burst  open,  open  suddenly. 

Fly-wheel, «.    Fly. 

Foal, «.    Coll. 

Foam,  n.     Froth,  spume,  spray. 

Foam,  V.  n.     Froth,  spume. 

Foamy,  a.     Frothy,  spumy,  spumous. 

Fob,  ft.     Watch-pocket. 

FoctlS,  ft.  Point  of  concentration,  point  of  con- 
vergence, converging-point. 

Fodder,  «.     Forage,  food  {/or  cattle),  provender. 

Fodder,  V.  a.     Feed  (catile). 

Foe,  ft.  Enemy,  adversary,  opponent,  antagonist, 
foeman. 

Foeman,  «.    {Poetical.)    Enemy,  foe. 

Fog,  ft.     Haze,  mist. 

Foggy,  a.     I.   Misty,  hazy. 

2.  Confused,  dazed,  bewildered,  muddled, 
muddy. 

Fogy,  «.  [Written  also  ifV7?-<y.]  Conservative  (/« 
an  ill  sense),  old  fogy,  fogram  orio-gtwm. 

Foible,  n.  Frailty,  weakness,  failing,  defect,  in- 
firmity, imperfection,  fault,  weak  point,  weak 
side,  blind  side. 


Foil,  V.  a.    Defeat,  frustrate,  balk,  baffle,  thwart, 

check,  circumvent,  disappoint,  checkmate. 
Foil,  ft.     I.    Film,  flake,  lamina  (pf  metal), 

2.  Contrast,  background,  set-off. 

3.  Blunted  rapier. 

Foist,  V.  a.  Impose,  thrust  {suiyeptitioitsly  or 
ivrofigfully). 

Foist  in.  Interpolate,  thrust  in,  insert  wrongfully, 
introduce  surreptitiously. 

Fold,  «.  I.  Pen  {Jor  sheeP),  cot  or  cote,  en- 
closure. 

2.  Flock  (of  sheep). 

3.  Plait,  double,  doubling,  folding,  gather, 
plicature. 

Fold,  V.  a.     I._  Double,  lay  in  folds. 
2.    Wrap,  inwrap,  envelop,  infold. 

Folding,  ft.     Plait,  double,  fold. 

Foliaceous,  a.     I.   {Bot.)  Leafy,  foliate. 

2.  (Min.)  Lamellar,  lamellate,  lamellated, 
laminate  (d),  scaly,  flaky,  foliated,  schistose. 

Foliag:e,  ».     Leaves,  clusters  of  leaves,  leafage. 

Foliate,  a.    {Bot. )    Leafy,  foliaceous. 

Foliated,  a.  (Mift.)  Lamellar,  lamellate,  lamel- 
lated, laminate  (d),  foliaceous,  schistose. 

FolUand,  ft.     Copyhold  land. 

Folk-lore,  «.     Popular  superstitions. 

Folks,  ft.  pi.     (JOolloq.)     People,  persons. 

Follow,  V.  a.  1.  Come  or  go  after  or-  behind,  go 
in  the  rear  or  in  the  wake  of,  tread  in  the  steps 
of,  tread  on  the  heels  of. 

2.  Succeed,  come  next,  tread  close  upon. 

3.  Pursue,  chase,  run  after,  go  after. 

4.  Attend,  accompany,  go  along  with,  keep 
company  with. 

5.  Obey,  heed,  observe,  be  guided  by,  conform 
to,  yield  to. 

6.  Seek,  cherish,  cultivate,  strive  for. 

7.  Practise,  pursue,  attend  to,  make  the  object 
of  pursuit. 

8.  Imitate,  copy,  pattern  after,  copy  after,  take 
as  an  example. 

FoUow,  V.  ft.     I    Come  or  go  after. 

2.  Succeed,  come  next. 

3.  Ensue,  result,  arise,  proceed,  flow,  come, 
spring,  issue,  be  inferred  or  inferrible,  be  deduced 
or  deducible. 

Follower,  «.     I.   Pursuer. 

2.  Attendant,  retainer,  supporter,  dependant, 
companion,  associate. 

3.  Adherent,  disciple,  pupil,  partisan. 

4.  Imitator,  copier. 

Follow  up.  I.  Examine,  scrutinize,  investigate, 
sift,  inquire  into,  look  into. 

2.  [With  iy  or  wiiA.]  Accompany,  cause  to 
be  followed  by. 

3.  Persist  m,  pursue  persistently,  keep  at. 
Follr,  ft.     I.   Foolishness,  imbecility,  fatuity,  stu- 
pidity, shallowness,  dulness,  doltishness. 

2.  Absurdity,  foolishness,  extravagance,  un- 
wisdom, imprudence,  nonsense,  fatuity,  indis- 
cretion. 

3.  Act  of  folly,  foolish  act,  indiscretion,  blunder, 
/auxpas. 

4.  Decline  from  chastity,  slip,  lapse,  false  step, 
misstep, /aux pas,  indiscretion. 

Foment,  v.  a.  I.  Stupe,  bathe  with  warm  lotions, 
apply  warm  lotions  to. 

2.   Excite,  instigate,  stimulate,  brew,  stir  up, 
encottratre,  abet,  promote. 
Fomentation,  «.    I.  Stupe  or  stupa,  local  bath- 
ing (with  warfft  lotiofts). 

2.    Instigation,    excitement,  brewing,   stirring 
up,  abetting,  promotingj  encouragement. 
Fond,  a.     I.   Foolish,   silly,   weak,   empty,  vain, 
absurd,  senseless,  baseless. 

2.  Doting,  over-affectionate,  foolishly  loving, 
excessively  tender. 


FONDLE 


174 


FORBIDDING 


Fondle,  v.  a.  I.  Caress,  coddle,  cosset,  blandish, 
pet. 

2.  Pet,  treat  with  fondness,  indulge,  spoil, 
make  much  of,  make  a  pet  of. 

Fondness,  «.  I.  Folly,  silliness,  delusion,  weak- 
ness, absurdity. 

2.  Foolish  love,  childish  affection,  excessive 
tenderness,  doting. 

3.  Liking,  partiality,  predilection,  preference, 
warm  love,  strong  affection. 

4.  Relish,  liking,  appetite. 

Fond  of.  I.  [With  6e.]  Have  appetite  or  relish 
for,  relish,  like,  like  very  much. 

2.  Taken    with,    attached    to,  much  pleased 
with,  delighfed  with. 
Font,  «.     I.   Baptismal  vessel, 

2.   Fount,  assortment  of  types. 
Fontanel,  «.     {Med.)    Issue  (artificially  caused). 
Food,  ».     I.   Aliment,   nutriment,  nutrition,   sus- 
tenance, bread,  nourishment,    meat,   provisions, 
victuals,  viands,  diet,  regimen,  fare,  cheer,  com- 
mons, pabulum,  subsistence,  rations. 

2.    {.For  cattle,  etc.]    Feed,   fodder,    forage, 
provender. 
Fool,  n.     I.   Idiot,  natural. 

2.  Dolt,  witling,  driveller,  Idiot,  simpleton, 
ninny,  nincompoop,  blockhead.     See  Dunce. 

3.  Buffoon,  harlequin,  droll,  punch,  antic, 
jester,  zany,  clown,  merry-andrew,  scaramouch, 
jack-pudding,  pickle-herring. 

Fool,  V.  n.  Trifle,  toy,  play,  jest,  play  the  fool, 
play  the  monkey,  act  like  a  fool. 

Fool,  V.  a.  Deceive,  cheat,  trick,  dupe,  gull,  de- 
lude, circumvent,  cozen,  overreach,  beguile, 
hoodwink,  chouse,  cully,  impose  upon. 

Foolery,  n.  I.  Absurdity,  nonsense,  folly,  fool- 
ishness. 

2.  Buffoonery,  tomfoolery,  mummery,  foolish 
conduct. 

Foolhardy,  a.  Rash,  venturous,  adventurous, 
venturesome,  reckless,  desperate,  hot-headed, 
hot-brained,  hair-brained,  headlong,  precipitate, 
madly  rash. 

Foolish,  a.  I.  Senseless,  idiotic,  silly,  weak, 
daft,  simple,  irrational,  insensate,  shallow,  brain- 
less, witless,  thick-skulled,  buffle-headed,  shallow- 
brained. 

2.  Unwise,  unreasonable,  absurd,  ridiculous, 
nonsensical,  ill-judged,  preposterous,  indiscreet, 
imprudent. 

3.  Idle,  trivial,  trifling,  vain,  childish,  puerile, 
contemptible. 

Foolishness,  n.  I.  Folly,  silliness,  imbecility, 
stupidity,  fatuity,  shallowness,  dulness,  doltish- 
ness. 

2.  Absurdity,  extravagance,  nonsense,  impru- 
dence, indiscretion. 

3.  Puerility,  childishness,  triviality. 
Foot,  «.     I.    Lower  extremity,  paw  {in  brutes). 

2.  Base,  bottom,  lower  part. 

3.  Twelve  inches. 

4.  {Mil.)  Infantry,  foot-soldiers. 

Foot,  V.  a.  I.  Add  a  foot  to  {a  stocking;  boot, 
etc.),  supply  with  a  foot. 

2.  Add  up  {figures),  sum  up. 

3.  Pay,  stand,  settle,  discharge  {a  hill  of  ex- 
penses). 

Foothoy,  n.    Menial,  liveried  attendant,  footman, 

nmner. 
Footfall,  n.     Footstep,  tread,  step,  sound  of  one's 

step. 
Foothold,  n.     Footing,  place  to  stand  on. 
Footing, «.    I.  Foothold. 

2.  Basis,  foundation,  groundwork. 

3.  Rank,  standing,  grade,  state,  status,  con- 
dition. 

4.  Settlement,  establishment,  stable  position. 


S.  Sum  total  {of  a  column  of  figures). 

Foot  it.    (Colloq.)    Walk,  go  on  foot. 

Footman,  «.  I.  Foot-soldier,  infantry  soldier, 
infantryman. 

2.   Runner,  footboy,  liveried  servant,  man  in 
waiting,  menial. 

Footmark,  «.     Footprint,  footstep,  track,  trace. 

Footpad,  n.  Highwayman,  brigand,  robber,  free- 
booter, bandit. 

Footpath,  «.    Footway. 

Footprint,  n.  Footmark,  footstep,  footfall,  track, 
trace. 

Foot-soldiers,  n.  pi.     Foot,  infantry,  footmen. 

Footstalk,  «.     Petiole,  leaf-stalk. 

Footstep,  n.     I.    Footprint,  footmark,  track,  trace. 

2.  Footfall,  step,  tread,  sound  of  one's  step. 

3.  Token,  mark,  sign,  trace,  vestige. 
Footsteps,  n.  pi.    Example,  footprints,  steps,  track. 
Foot  the  hill.    (Colloq.)    Pay  the  bill,  settle  the 

account,  discharge  the  reckoning. 

Foot-traveller,  «.     Pedestrian,  traveller  afoot. 

Footway,  n.     Footpath. 

Fop,  n.  Coxcomb,  dandy,  exquisite,  beau,  jack- 
anapes, jack-a-dandy,  macaroni,  popinjay,  swell, 
man  milliner,  man  of  dress,  vain  fellow. 

Foppery^  «.  Coxcombry,  dandyism,  foppishness, 
vanity  m  dress. 

Foppish,  a.  Dandyish,  coxcomical,  dandified, 
vain  of  dress. 

Foppishness,  «.  Coxcombry,  foppery,  dandyism, 
vanity  in  dress. 

"EoTtprep.     I.   Because  of,  by  reason  of. 

2.  On  account  of,  for  the  sake  of. 

3.  In  the  place  of,  instead  of. 

4.  Concerning,  with  respect  to,  with  regard  to. 

5.  Toward,  towards. 

6.  Conducive  to,  beneficial  to. 

7.  Against,  in  opposition  to,  as  antidote  to. 

8.  During,  during  the  term  of. 

9.  According  to,  as  far  as  concerns. 

10.  In  spite  of,  notwithstanding,  despite. 

11.  In  favor  of,  on  the  side  of. 

12.  In  quest  of,  with  a  view  to. 

13.  As  being. 

For,  conj.     Because,  since,  on  this  account  that. 

Forage,  «.     I.    ¥ooA{/or  horses  and  cattle),  io6i- 
der,  provender. 
2.    Foraging,  foraging  expedition. 

Forage,  v.  n.     I.  Wander  in  search  of  forage, 
take  forage. 
2.   Ravage,  feed  on  forage,  subsist  by  foraging. 

Forage,  v.  a.     I.  Strip  of  forage,  ravage,  waste, 
plunder. 
2.   Supply  with  forage. 

Foramen,  n.  {Anat.  and  Bot.)  Hole, orifice,  per- 
foration, opening. 

Foraminated,  a.  Perforated,  foraminous,  with  an 
opening  or  orifice. 

Forasmuch  as.  Since,  whereas,  inasmuch  as, 
because  that,  in  consideration  that,  seeing  that. 

TOTSy,  n.  Inroad,  irruption,  raid,  piratical  in- 
vasion, hostile  incursion,  predatory  incursion. 

For  aye.    {Poetical.)    Always.     See  Forever. 

Forbear,  v.  n.  I.  Stopjpause,  cease,  desist, stay, 
hold,  break  off,  leave  off,  give  over. 

2.  Abstain,  refrain. 

3.  Be  tolerant,  endure,  be  patient. 
Forbear,  v.  a.     I.    Shun,  decline,  avoid. 

2.  Omit,  withhold,  abstain  from. 

3.  Spare,   tolerate,   endure,  put  up  with,  be 
patient  with,  treat  with  indulgence. 

Forbearance,  «.  I.  Forbearing,  shunning,  absti- 
nence, avoidance. 

2.   Patience,  lenity,  indulgence,  long-suffering, 
command  of  temper. 

Forbid,  V.  a.     Prohibit,  inhibit,  interdict. 

Forbidding,    a.     Repellent,    repulsive,   unpleas- 


FORCE 


175 


FOREVER 


ant,  abhorrent,  odious,  disagreeable,  unpleasant, 
offensive. 
Force,    «•      I.     Strength    {regarded  as  active), 
power,  might,  energy,  vigor. 

2.  Efficacy,  efficiency,  potency,  validity,  co- 
gency, virtue,  agency. 

3.  Violence,  compulsion,  coercion,  constraint, 
enforcement. 

4.  [Mosi  frequently  in  pL'\  Army,  troop, 
legion,  host,  squadron,  phalanx,  battalion. 

Force,  v.  a.  I.  Compel,  coerce,  constrain,  neces- 
sitate. 

2.  Impel,  drive,  urge,  press. 

3.  Ravish,  violate,  constuprate,  commit  a 
rape  on. 

Forced,  a.  I.  Compelled,  constrained,  enforced. 
2.  Strained,  unnatural,  catachrestic,  far- 
fetched,  studiously  sought. 

Force  from.     Extort,  wrest  from. 

Forcible,  a.  I.  Powerful,  strong,  mighty,  weighty, 
potent,  impressive,  irresistible,  cogent,  all-power- 

2.  Violent,  impetuous. 

3.  Violent,  compulsory,  coerced,  coercive. 

4.  Energetic,  vigorous,  effective,  efficacious. 
Forcibly,  ad.     I.    Powerfully,  mightily. 

2.  Violently,  compulsorily,  coercively,  by  force, 
by  compulsion  or  coercion,  at  the  point  of  the 
sword,  vi  et  artnis. 

3.  Energetically,  vigorously,  effectively,  with 
might  and  main. 

Forcing-pit,  ».     Hot-bed. 

Ford,  «.     I.    Wading- place,  shallow. 

2.   {Poetical^    Stream,  current,  flood. 

Ford,  V.  a.  Wade  through  (a  river)^  cross  on 
foot,  cross  by  wading. 

Fore,  a.  I.  Anterior,  preceding,  prior,  antece- 
dent, previous,  foregoing,  former. 

2.  Front,  anterior,  face. 

3.  Advanced,  leading,  head,  foremost,  first, 
front. 

Forebode,  v.  a.  I.  Foretell,  predict,  presage, 
portend,  augur,  betoken,  foreshadow,  foreshow, 
prognosticate,  prefigure,  be  ominous  of. 

2.  Foreknow,  be  prescient  of,  have  foreknowl- 
edge of,  have  prescience  of,  have  premonition  of, 
have  presentiment  of,  divine. 

Foreboding,  «.  Prognostication,  premonition, 
presentiment,   presage,   omen,    augury. 

Forecast,  v.  a.     I.    Foresee,  anticipate,  look  for- 
ward to,  provide  against,  calculate  or  estimate 
beforehand. 
2.   Contrive,  plan,  project,  devise,  scheme. 

Forecast,     «.      I.     Foresight,     prevision,      fore- 
thought,   anticipation,  provident  regard  to  the 
future. 
2.   Contrivance,  scheming,  planning. 

Foreclose,  v.  a.  I.  Preclude,  prevent,  stop,  de- 
bar, hinder,  shut  out. 

2.  {Law.)  Deprive  of  the  power  of  redeem- 
ing {a  mortgage). 

Foredoom,  v.  a.  Predestine,  foreordain,  preor- 
dain, doom  beforehand. 

Forefather,  «.  Progenitor,  ancestor,  father,  fore- 
goer. 

Forefend,  v.  a.  Avert,  prevent,  hinder,  forbid, 
ward  off,  keep  off. 

For  effect.  To  make  an  impression,  for  the  sake 
of  effect. 

Forego,  v.  a.  Relinquish,  resign,  renounce,  .wi^ 
render,  cede,  yield,  abandon,  give  up,  part  with, 
let  go. 

Foregoer,  «.     I.   Precursor,  forerunner,   herald, 
harbinger,  avant-courier. 
2.   Ancestor,  forefather,  progenitor,  father. 

Foregoing,  a.  Preceding,  previous,  antecedent, 
prior,  former,  fore,  anterior. 


Foregone,  a.     I.   Predetermined,  decided  before- 
hand. 
2.   Bygone,  past,  previous,  former. 

Forelianded,  a.  [U.  S.]  Beforehand,  in  com- 
fortable circumstances  {as  respects  property),  well 
off,  well  to  do. 

Forehead,  «.    I.  Front,  brow. 

2.  Effrontery,  face,  assurance,  impudence, 
front,  audacity,  brass. 

Foreign,  a.  I.  Alien,extemal,  exterior,  outward, 
strange,  exotic,  from  abroad. 

2.  Extraneous,  extrinsic,  adventitious,  irrele- 
vant. 

Foreigner, «.    Alien,  stranger. 

ForeknoWf  v.  a.  Foresee,  know  beforehand, 
be  prescient  of,  have  prescience  of,  have  previ- 
ous knowledge  of,  have  foreknowledge  of. 

Foreknowledge,  «.  Foresight,  prescience,  previ- 
ous knowledge. 

Foreland,  «.  Promontory,  cape,  headland,  point 
of  land. 

Foreman,  «.     I.   Presiding  officer  {of  a  jury). 
2.   Overseer,  superintendent,  boss,  chief  work- 
man, master  workman. 

Forementioned,  a.  Aforesaid,  above-mentioned, 
forenamed,  above-named. 

ForemMt,  a.  First,  most  advanced,  front, 
leading. 

Forename,  n.  Christian  name,  given  name,  bap- 
tismal name. 

Forenamed,  a.  Aforesaid,  above-mentioned,  fore- 
mentioned,  above-named. 

Forensic,  a.  I.  Juridical,  judicial,  proper  to 
courts. 

2.  Disputative,  proper  or  belonging  to  debate 
or  discussion. 

Foreordain,  v.  a.  Predestinate,  predetermine, 
preordain,  foredoom. 

Foremn,  v.  a.    Precede,  go  before,  come  before. 

Forerunner,  «.  I.  Precursor,  harbinger,  herald, 
foregoer,  avant-courier. 

2.  Prelude,  prognostic,  sign,  omen,  premoni- 
tion, precursor. 

Foresee,  v.  a.  Foreknow,  forecast,  see  before- 
hand, have  prescience  of,  be  prescient  of. 

Foreshadow,  v.  a.  Prefigure,  presage,  forebode, 
prognosticate,  presignify,  indicate  or  suggest 
beforehand,  foretell  dimly. 

Foreshow,  v.  a.  Predict,  foretell,  forebode, 
prophesy. 

Foresight,  n.  I.  Foreknowledge,  prescience, 
prevision. 

2.  Forecast,  forethought,  precaution ,  prudence, 
anticipation,  provident  regard  to  the  future. 

Foreskin,  «.     Prepuce. 

Forest,  «.  Wood  \of  large  extent),  woods,  wood- 
land, grove. 

Forestall,  v.  a.  I.  Shut  off,  preclude,  prevent, 
hinder  {by  prior  influences). 

2.  Anticipate,  foretaste,  antedate,  take  in 
advance. 

3.  Engross^  monopolize,  regrate,  get  exclu- 
sive possession  of  {in  order  to  enhance 
prices). 

Foretaste,  v.  a.     Anticipate.     See  Forestall,  2. 

Foretaste,  «.  Anticipation,  antepast,  prelibation, 
forestalling,  taste  beforehand. 

Foretell,  v.  a.     I.   Predict,  prophesy. 

2.  Prognosticate,  foreshow,  foreshadow,  pre- 
signify, betoken,  portend,  augur,  bode,  forebode, 
presage. 

Forethought,  «.  Foresight,  forecast,  anticipa- 
tion, precaution,  prudence,  provident  regard  to 
the  future. 

Forever,  ad.  Always,  perpetually,  eternally, 
everiastingly,  endlessly,  ever,  evermore,  aye,  for 
aye,  at  all  times,  to  the  end  of  time,  world  or 


FOREWARN 


176 


FOR  THE  BETTER 


time   without   end,    through    endless   ages,    to 

eternity. 
Forewarn,  v.  a.    Caution  or  admonish  or  advise 

or  warn  beforehand. 
Forfeit,  «.     Fine,    mulct,    amercement,    penalty, 

forfeiture. 
Forfeit,  v.  a.     Lose  {by  some  offence^  by  neglect, 

or  by  breach  of  conditiofi)^  alienate. 
Forfeiture,   «.     I.    Loss   {^by  some  offence,  etc.), 

amercement,  confiscation. 
2.   Fine,  mulct,  amercement,  penalty,  forfeit. 
Forge,   «.     I.    Smithy  {/or  heavy  work),   iron- 
works. 
2.   Furnace  (io  m.ake  iron  m.ore  malleable'), 

shingling-mill. 
Forge,  V.  a.     I.    Beat  {Tnetal),  hammer  out,  form 

{by  heating  and  hammering),  fabricate,  frame. 

2.  Devise,  invent,  frame,  coin. 

3.  Falsify,  counterfeit,  fabricate. 
Forger,  «.     I.   Maker,  contriver. 

2.   Counterfeiter,  falsifier. 
Forgeiy,  «.     I.   Counterfeiting,  falsification. 

2.   Counterfeit. 
Forget,  V.  a.     I.   Lose  the  remembrance  of,  let 
slip  from  the  mind. 

2.  Overlook,  think  no  more  of,  consign  to 
oblivion. 

3.  Slight,  neglect,  cease  to  care  for. 
Forgetful,  a.     I.    Apt  to  forget. 

2.   Negligent,  inattentive,  neglectful,  careless, 
heedless,  mindless. 
Forgetfulness,  «.    I.  Aptness  to  forget,  failure 
of  memory. 

2.  Forgottenness.     See  Oblivion. 

3.  Negligence,  inattention,  carelessness,  heed- 
lessness. 

Forget-me-not,  n.  Scorpion-grass  {Myosotis 
palustris). 

Forget  one's  self.  Lose  self-control,  commit  an 
indiscretion. 

Forgive,  v.  a.  Pardon  {especially  for  a  small 
offence),  absolve,  excuse,  acquit. 

Forgiveness,  n.  Pardon,  absolution,  remission, 
acquittal. 

For  good.  Finally,  as  the  final  move,  for  good 
and  all,  forever. 

For  good  and  all.    See  For  good. 

Forgotten,    «.     I.   Gone  from  one's  mind,  out  of 
one's  recollection. 
2.    Buried  in  oblivion,  sunk  in  oblivion. 

Fork,  n.  Branch,  branching,  division,  divarica- 
tion. 

Fork,  t>.  n.     Branch,  divide,  divaricate. 

Forked,  a.     Furcate,  furcated,  divaricated. 

Forlorn,  a.  I.  Deserted,  abandoned,  forsaken, 
friendless,  solitary,  lost. 

2.  Wretched,  miserable,  pitiable,  destitute, 
desolate,  helpless,  comfortless,  disconsolate,  woe- 
begone. 

Forlorn  hope.  I.  Vanguard,  skirmishers,  ad- 
vanced body  of  troops,  en/ants  perdus. 

2.  Desperate  case,  doubtful  enterprise,  haz- 
ardous adventure. 

Form,  n.  I.  Shape  {with  especial  reference  to 
structure),  figure,  configuration,  conformation, 
mould,  fashion,  cast,  cut,  tournure. 

2.  Mode,  method,  formula,  formulary,  ritual, 
established  practice. 

3.  Manner,  system,  sort,  kind,  order. 

4.  Regularity,  order,  arrangement,  shapeliness. 

5.  Ceremony,  formality,  ceremonial,  ritual, 
conventionality,  etiquette,  conventional  rule. 

6.  Empty  show,  mere  appearance. 

7.  Bench,  long  seat  {without  a  back). 

8.  Class,  rank  of  students. 

9.  Type  in  a  chase  {ready  for  printing), 
10.  Mould,  pattern,  model. 


II.  {Met.)    Arrangement,    organization,    com- 
bination, law  of   combination,    principle  of  ar- 
rangement or  synthesis,  a  priori  principle. 
Form,  V.  a.     I.    Fashion,  shape,  mould. 

2.  Make,  create,  produce. 

3.  Contrive,  devise,  invent,  frame. 

4.  Constitute,  compose,  make  up. 

5.  Arrange,  dispose,  combine. 

Formal,  a.  I.  Express,  explicit,  positive,  strict, 
official,  in  due  form,  according  to  established 
form. 

2.  Regular,     methodical,    set,    fixed,    rigid, 
stiff. 

3.  Ceremonious,    precise,    punctilious,    stiff, 
starch,  starched,  prim,  affectedly  exact. 

4.  Constitutive,  essential. 

5.  External,  as  mere  form,  merely  formal. 

6.  {Met.)     Organic,    formative,     primordial, 
innate,  a  priori. 

Formality,  n.       I.   Custom,    established    mode, 

settled  method,  rule  of  proceeding. 
2.  Ceremony,  conventionality,  etiquette,  mere 

form. 
Formation,  «•     I.   Creation,  production. 

2.  Composition,  constitution,  making  up. 

3.  Arrangement,    combination,   disposal,  dis- 
position. 

Formative,  a.  I.  Plastic,  creative,  shaping, 
determinative. 

2.  {Gram.)    Derivative,    non-radical,    inflec- 
tional. 

Former,  «.  Maker,  framer,  author,  creator, 
constructer. 

Former,  a.  I.  Previous,  prior,  anterior,  antece- 
dent, preceding,  foregoing. 

2.  Quondam,  ci-devant,  late,  old-time. 

3.  Past,  gone  by,  bygone,  foregone,  previous. 

4.  First  named,  first  mentioned. 
Formerly,  ad.     Heretofore,  anciently,  aforetime, 

of  old,  in  times  past,  in  days  of  yore,  long  ago, 
in  past  ages. 

Formidable,  a.  Fearful,  dreadful,  terrible,  re- 
doubted, frightful,  terrific,  horrible,  tremendous. 

Formless,  a.     Shapeless,  amorphous,  chaotic. 

Formula,  «.     Form,  rule,  model,  formulary. 

Formulary*  «•     !•   Book  of  forms. 

2.  Form,  model,  rule,  formula. 

3.  Ritual,  ceremonial. 

Fornicate,  a.     {Bot.)    Arched,  vaulted. 

Forray,  «.  [Written  also  Foray.'l  Inroad,  irrup- 
tion, raid,  descent,  partial  invasion,  hostile 
incursion. 

Forsake,  z/.  a.  I.  Leave,  quit,  desert,  abandon, 
cast  off. 

2.   Abandon,  renounce,  forswear,  forego,   re- 
linquish, drop,  give  up,  give  over. 

Forsaker,  «.     Deserter. 

Forsooth,  ad.  {Usually  ironical.^  Certainly, 
truly,  really,  indeed,  to  be  sure,  in  truth,  in  fact, 
of  a  truth,  in  good  truth. 

Forswear,  v.  a.     I.   Renounce  {uion  oath),  re- 
ject, leave,  quit,  desert,  forsake,  abandon,  drop. 
2.   Deny,  abjure,  recant,  retract,  renounce. 

Forswear  one's  self.  Perjure  one's  self,  take  a 
false  oath,  swear  falsely,  bear  false  witness, 
break  one's  oath,  break  one's  word,  break  one's 
faith,  play  false. 

Fort,  n.  Fortification,  fortress,  stronghold,  bul- 
wark, castle,  citadel,  fastness,  fortified  place. 

Forte,  n.  Peculiar  talent,  special  gift,  chief  excel- 
lence, strong  point,  that  in  which  one  excels. 

Forth,  ad.     I.   Onward,  forward. 

2.  Out,    abroad,    from  retirement,  from  con- 
finement. 

For  the  best.    To  secure  the  best  result. 

For  the  better.  For  improvement,  for  greater 
good. 


FOR  THE  NONCE 


177 


FRAGRANCY 


Tor  the  nonce.  For  the  occasion,  for  the  present 
time,  for  the  present  purpose,  for  the  lime 
being,  temporarily. 

For  the  present.  For  the  time  being,  at  pres- 
ent, for  a  while. 

Forthwith,  ad.  Immediately,  directly,  instantly, 
instanter,  without  delay. 

Fortification,  «.     I.   Military  architecture. 

2.  Fort,  stronghold,  castle,  citadel,  bulwark, 
fortified  place.     See  Fortress. 

Fortify,  v.  a.  I.  Protect  by  fortifications,  sur- 
round with  fortifications. 

2.  Brace,  strengthen,  stiffeit,  reinforce,  add 
strength  to. 

3.  Strengthen,  confirm,  corroborate. 
Fortiter  in  re.     [L.]     With  vigor  and   firmness 

in  action. 

Fortitude,  «.  Endurance  {with  c<rurage),  firm- 
ness, resolution,  patience,  strength  of  mind, 
passive  courage. 

Fortnight,  «.    Two  weeks. 

Fortress,  n.  Fortification,  fort,  stronghold,  cas- 
tle, citadel,  fastness,  bulwark,  fortified  place  {of 
great  magnitude). 

Fortuitous,  a.  Accidental,  casual,  contingent, 
incidental,  chance,  happening  by  chance. 

Fortuity,  «.  Accidemalness,  casualness,  chance, 
contingency. 

Fortunate,  a.  I.  Successful,  prosperous,  favored, 
happy.     See  Lucky. 

2.  Propitious,  auspicious,  favorable,  advan- 
tageous, lucky,   happy. 

Fortune,  «.  I.  Chance,  accident,  luck,  hap,  for- 
tuity, casualty. 

2.  Livelihood,  means  of  living. 

3.  Estate,  substance,  property,  possessions. 

4.  Wealth,  riches,  opulence,  affluence. 

5.  Destiny^  fate,  destination,  doom,  lot,  star, 
future  condition. 

6.  Event,  issue,  result. 

7.  Success,  favorable  issue. 

Forum,  n.     Tribunal,  court,  court  of  justice. 

Forwards  I  '"^'    O"^^""^'   '"  advance,  ahead. 
Forward,  a.     I.   Onward,    progressive,   advanc- 
ing. 

2.  Front,  fore,  anterior,  head,  at  the  fore  part, 
near  the  fore  part. 

3.  Ready,  prompt,  willing,  eager,  earnest, 
zealous. 

4.  Bold,  confident,  presumptuous,  presuming, 
impertinent,  pert,  tlippant,  brazen,  assuming, 
brazen-faced,  brassy  {colioq. ). 

5.  Early,  premature. 

Forward,  v.  a.  I.  Advance,  promote,  further, 
foster,  support,  aid,  favor,  encourage,  help  on, 
help  forward. 

2.  Quicken,  hasten,  accelerate,  expedite, 
speed,  despatch,  hurry. 

3.  Transmit,  ship,  send  on,  send  forward. 
Fosse,  «.     (Fort.)     Ditch,  moat,  graff. 
Fossil,  «.     Petrifaction. 

Foster,  v.  a.  I.  Nurse,  nourish,  feed,  support, 
sustain. 

2.  Rear,  breed,  brin^  up,  rear  up,  cherish, 
encourage,  favor,  patronize,  promote,  stimulate, 
forward,  further,  advance,  help  on,  help  forward. 

Foul,  a.  I.  Impure,  nasty,  squalid,  dirty,  pol- 
luted, filthy,  unclean,  soiled,  tarnished,  stained, 
sullied. 

2.   Disgusting,  loathsome,  ofiFensive,  noisome. 
^   3.  Unfair,     dishonorable,    underhanded,    sin- 
ister. 

4.  Base,  scandalous,  infamous,  vile,  wicked, 
dark,  abominable,  detestable,  disgraceful,  shame- 
ful, scurvy. 

5.  Obscene,  vulgar,  coarse,  low. 


6.  Abusive,  insulting,  scurrilous,  foul-mouthed, 
foul-spoken. 

7.  Stormy,  rainy,  cloudy. 

8.  Turbid,  thick,  muddy,  feculent. 

9.  Entangled,  tangled,  in  collision. 

Fonl  play.  I.  injustice,  unfairness,  dishonesty, 
wrong,  guile,  secret  misdoing,  perfidy,  treachery. 
2.  Outrage,  violence,  crime,  treacherous  vio- 
lence, perfidious  crime. 

Foul-mouthed,  a.  Abusive,  insulting,  insolent, 
blackguard,  scurrilous,  foul,  foul-spoken,  ob- 
scene, filthy,  profane,  indecent,  blaspliemous. 

Foiunart,  «.  Polecat,  fitchew,  fitchet  {Mustela 
putorijts). 

Found,  V.  a.  I.  Base,  set,  fix,  place,  ground,  rest, 
lay  the  foundation  of. 

2.  Build,  construct,  erect,  raise. 

3.  Establish,  institute,  originate,  set  up,  plant. 

4.  Cast,  mould,  form  in  a  mould. 
Foundation,   ».      I.   Basis,     base,     groundwork, 

footing,  bottom. 

2.  Establishment,  settlement. 

3.  Endowment. 

Founder,     «.      I.    Originator,    institutor,    estab- 

lisher,  planter. 
2.   Caster  (of  metals),  moulder. 
Founder,  v.  n.     I.   Sink  {as  a  ship  by  filling  with 

water)^  go  to  the  bottom. 

2.  Fail,  miscarry. 

3.  Trip,  stumble,  fall. 
Foundling,  «.     Abandoned  infant. 

Fount,  n.  I.    {Poetical.)   Spring.     See  FOUNTAIN. 

2.    Font,  assortment  of  types. 
Fountain,  n.     I.    Spring,  well. 

2.  Jet,  jet  d'eau. 

3.  Source,   original,  origin,  cause,  first  prin- 
ciple, fountain-head. 

Fountain-head,  ».  Source,  original,  origin, 
cause,  fountain,  first  principle. 

Fourfold,  a.     Quadruple. 

Fourfold,  n.  Four  times  as  many,  four  times  as 
much. 

Four  -handed,  a.     Quadrumanous. 

Fourierism,  «.  Socialism,  phalansterianism, 
humanitarianism,  Saint-Simonianism. 

Fourscore,  a.  and  «.     Eighty. 

Foursquare,  a.     Quadrangular. 

Fowl,  n.     I.    Bird,  winged  animal. 

2.   Poultry,  barn-door  fowl,  domestic  fowl. 

Foxglove,  n.     Digitalis. 

Fox-shark,  «.  Thrasher,  sea-fox,  sea-ape, 
{Carcharitis  vulfies). 

Foxy,  a.     Artful,  wily,  cunning,  crafty,  sly,  subtle. 

Fracas,  «.  Uproar,  tumult,  disturbance,  outbreak, 
noisy  quarrel,  row  {collog.). 

Fraction,  «.     I.   Part,  portion,  fragment,  section, 
piece,  bit,  scrap. 
2.  {Arith.)    Part  of  a  unit. 

Fractional,  a.  ^  I.    Broken,  fragmentary. 
2.   Pertaining  to  fractions,  of  fractions. 

Fractions,  a.  Cross,  captious,  petulant,  touchy, 
testy,  peevish,  fi-etful,  splenetic,  pettish,  snap- 
pish, waspish,  irritable. 

Fracture,  «.     I.    Breaking,  rupture. 

2.    Break,   crack,    breach,   cleft,  fissure,    rift, 
flaw,  rent,  opening. 

Fragile,  a.     I.    Brittle,  fi^npible,  easily  broken. 
2.    Frail,  weak,  feeble.     See  Infirm. 

Fragility,  «.     I.   Brittleness,  frangibleness. 
2.    Frailty,  weakness,  feebleness. 

Fragment,  «.  Remnant,  scrap,  chip,  fraction, 
detached  part,  part  broken  off. 

Fragmentary,  a.  Fractional,  broken,  discon- 
nected, scattered. 

Fragrance,  )  n.      Perfume,      aroma,      redolence, 

Fragrancy,  \  balminess,  incense,  pleasing  scent, 
grateful  odor,  sweetness  of  smell. 


12 


FRAGRANT 


178 


FRESH 


FraSTSnty  a.  Aromatic,  spicy,  redolent,  balmy, 
odoriferous,  odorous,  perfumed,  sweet-smelling, 
sweet-scented. 

Frail,  a.  I.  Fragile,  frangible,  brittle,  easily 
broken  {across), 

2.  Weak,  feeble,  fragile.     See  Infirm. 

3.  Liable  to  err,  easily  led  astray,  of  infirm 
virtue. 

Frailty,  «.  I.  Weakness,  feebleness,  infirmity, 
frailness. 

2.  Fault,  foible,  defect,  imperfection,  failing, 
weak  point,  weak  side,  blind  side. 

3.  Liability  to  err,  proneness  to  error,  want  of 
moral  strength  {said  especially  of  women  in  re- 
spect to  chastity). 

Frame,  v.  a.     I.   Construct,  build,  put  together. 

2.  Form,  compose,  make,  constitute. 

3.  Invent,  devise,  plan,  contrive. 

4.  Fabricate,  forge. 

5.  Put  into  a  frame. 

Frame,  «.  I.  Skeleton,  framing,  framework, 
carcass. 

2.  Form,  structure,  fabric,  system,  scheme, 
constitution. 

3.  Condition,  state,  temper,  mood,  state  of 
mind  or  feeling. 

Framer,  «.  Former,  maker,  author,  creator, 
constructer. 

Framework,  n.  Skeleton,  frame,  framing, 
carcass. 

Franchise,  «.     I.    Right,  privilege. 
2.    Immunity,  exemption. 

Frangible,  a.     Brittle,  fragile,  easily  broken. 

Frank,  a.  Open,  ingenuous,  free,  sincere,  can- 
did, artless,  frank-hearted,  unreserved,  without 
disguise. 

Fr a Tlk -hearted,  a.  Open,  ingenuous.  See 
Frank. 

Frankincense,  «.    I.  Gallipot,  Burgundy  pitch. 
2.   {Properly.)    Olibanum. 

Frantic,  a.  B'urious,  raving,  raging,  mad,  dis- 
tracted, wild,  infuriate,  frenzied. 

Fraternal,  a.     Brotherly. 

Fraternity,  «.  I.  Association,  society,  company, 
circle,  brotherhood,  sodality,  league,  clan,  united 
body. 

2.  Brotherhood,  brotherly  relation. 

3.  Broth erliness,  brotherhood. 
Fraternize,  v.  «.      Sympathize,   harmonize,   con- 
sort, coalesce,   concur,   associate   {as  brothers), 
make  common  cause. 

Fratid,  n.  Deceit,  deception,  duplicity,  imposi- 
tion, imposture,  guile,  trick,  cheat,  chouse,  arti- 
fice, stratagem,  wile,  humbug,  hoax. 

Fraudulent,  a.  Dishonest,  knavish,  treacherous, 
deceitful,  deceptive,  false,  crafty,  wily,  tricky, 
trickish. 

Fraught,  a.  Filled,  stored,  freighted,  laden, 
charged,  abounding,  pregnant,  big. 

Fray,  n.     I.    Combat,  battle,  fight. 

2.  Broil,  quarrel,  riot,  contention.  See  Af- 
fray. 

Fray,  v.  a.     Rub,  wear,  fret,  chafe. 

Freak,   «.     I.    Whim,   whimsey,   caprice,   fancy, 
humor,  crotchet,  maggot,  vagary,  quirk. 
2.   Gambol,  antic,  caper. 

Freakish,  a.  Whimsical,  capricious,  odd,  humor- 
some,  erratic,  fanciful,  full  of  vagaries. 

Free,  a.     I.    Independent,  unrestrained,  at  liberty. 

2.  Released,  delivered,  emancipated,  liber- 
ated. 

3.  Exempt,  clear. 

4.  Allowed,  permitted,  open.    • 

5.  Unobstructed,  unimpeded,  unrestricted, 
open. 

6.  Frank,  ineenuous,  candid,  artless,  sincere, 
unreserved,  frank-hearted. 


7.  Generous,  liberal,  bountiful,  hospitable, 
charitable,  munificent,  free-hearted,  open-handed, 
not  parsimonious. 

8.  Prodigal,  lavish,  immoderate. 

9.  Ready,  eager,  prompt,  willing;. 

10.  Gratuitous,  spontaneous,  willing. 

11.  Loose,  lax. 

12.  Familiar,  over-familiar. 

13.  Unconstrained,  easy,  informal,  familiar. 
Free,  v.  a.     I.    Liberate,   emancipate,   manumit, 

release,  disinthrall,  enfranchise,  deliver,  set  free, 
set  at  liberty. 
2.   Rid,  clear,  disengage. 
Freebooter,   «.     I.    Robber,   plunderer,  pillager, 
despoiler,  highwayman,  footpad,  brigand,  bandit, 
marauder. 
2.   Pirate,  buccaneer,  rover. 
Freedom,  «.     I.   Independence,  exemption  from 
restraint.     See  Liberty. 

2.  Scope,  range,  play,  swing,  free  play,  full 
play,  full  swing. 

3.  Franchise,  immunity,  privilege. 

4.  Familiarity,  license,  laxity,  looseness. 
Free-hearted,  a.     Liberal,  generous,  bounteous, 

bountiful,  open-handed. 

Free  play.  Freedom,  range,  scope,  full  play, 
swing,  full  swing. 

Free-spoken,  a.     Frank,  unreserved. 

Free-thinker,  n.  Sceptic,  unbeliever,  infideL 
See  Deist. 

Free-will,  «.      I.  Unrestrained  will,  power  of 
choice. 
2.   Spontaneity,  voluntariness. 

Free-will,  a.    Voluntary,  spontaneous. 

Freeze,  v.n.     I.   Be  congealed,  be  frozen. 
2.   Be  chilled. 

Freeze,  v.  a.     I.   Congeal,  solidify  by  cold,  turn 
to  ice. 
2.  Chill,  benumb. 

Freight,  v.  a.  Load,  lade,  charge,  burden  or 
burthen. 

Freight,  «.     I.   Cargo,  lading,  load,  burden. 

2.  Freightage,  freight  money,  charge  for 
freight. 

Freightage,  «.     Freight,  freight  money. 

French-pie,  «.  Great  spotted  woodpecker  {Picus 
tnajor). 

Frenzy,  «.  [Sometimes  written  Phrensy.^  Mad- 
ness, rage,  fury,  distraction,  raving,  insanity, 
lunacy,  derangement,  mania,  delirium, aberration 
of  mind. 

Frequency,  «.    I.  Oftenness,  frequent  occurrence. 
2.   Commonness,  common  occurrence. 

Frequent,  a.  I.  Oft-repeated,  of  frequent  occur- 
rence. 

2.  Common,  usual,  every-day,  of  common  oc- 
currence. 

Frequent,  v.  a.  Haunt,  visit  often,  resort  to  fre- 
quently, attend  much  or  regularly. 

Frequently,    ad.     I.     Often,    repeatedly,    many 
times,  at  short  intervals,  not  rarely,  not  seldom. 
2.   Commonly,  as  a  common  thing  or  matter. 

Fresh,  a.     I.   New,  recent,  novel. 

2.  New,  renewed,  de  novo,  revived. 

3.  Blooming,  flourishing,  unfaded,  unwithered, 
unwilted,  well-preserved,  in  good  condition,  un- 
impaired, undecayed. 

4.  Of  recent  make,  not  stale  or  sour,  sweet. 

5.  Rosy,  blooming,  ruddy,  fair,  delicate,  fresh- 
colored. 

6.  Florid,  healthy,  well,  hearty,  vigorous, 
hardy,  strong. 

7.  Vigorous,  unwearied,  unexhausted,  unfa- 
tigued,  not  blown,  unworn. 

8.  Vivid,  lively,  keen,  unabated,  undecayed, 
not  dulled,  unimpaired. 

9.  Just  received,  just  arrived. 


FRESHEN 


179 


FRITTER  AWAY 


10.  Unsalted,  free  from  salt,  lacking  in  salt  or 
sakness. 

11.  Pure  and  cool,  sweet,  refreshiug,  invigor- 
ating,  bracing,  health-giving. 

12.  Brisk,  strong,  stiff. 

13.  Raw,  uncultivated,  unpractised,  untrained, 
unskilled,  inexperienced. 

Freshen,  v.  a.     I.   Make  fresher  or  less  salt. 

2.   Freshen  up,  reinvigorate,  refresh,  revive. 
Fresben,  v.n.     I.   Grow  fresh,  revive. 

2.   Grow  brisk  (said  of  the  wind),  rise. 
Freahen  up.      I.   Revive,    refresh,   reinvigorate, 
freshen. 

2.    Repair,    noake    fresh,    make    look    new, 
brighten  up,  make  look  bright  or  less  faded. 
Fresfietf  «.     Sudden  flood  (/'«  a  river  frotn  rains 

or  melting  snow). 
Fresllinail,  «.     I.   Novice,  tyro,  beginner,  learner. 
2.   Student  of  the  first  year  (m  colleges),  stu- 
dent of  the  lowest  class. 
Fret,  V.  a.     I.    Rub,   chafe,  wear  {by  friction}, 
abrade,  fray,  gall,  wear  away. 

2.  Vex,  tease,  irritate,  gall,  rufBe,  provoke, 
nettle,  affront,  make  angry. 

3.  Annoy,  worry,  weary,  harass,  wear. 

4.  Ripple,  ruffle,  agitate,  roughen. 

5.  Wear,  wear  away,  gnaw  into,  corrode,  cover 
with  depressions. 

6.  Variegate,  diversify,  ornament  with  raised 
0r  depressed  work. 

7.  Ornament  with  frets  or  fretting  ^r  fretwork. 
Fret,  V.  n.    Chafe,  fume,  rage,  be  vexed,  be  irri- 
tated, be  chafed,  be  peevish,  be  fretful,  be  angry. 

Fret,  n.  I.  Agitationj  irritation,  vexation,  fret- 
fulness,  fretting,  peevishness. 

2.  Herpes,  tetter,  ringworm. 

3.  Fretwork,  intertwined  linear  ornament, 
square    raised    ornament,   key  ornament. 

4.  Ridge,  raised  line,  whelk,  wale. 
Fretful,  a.     Peevish,  petulant,  touchy,  testy,  snap- 
pish, waspish,  pettish,   splenetic,  spleeny,   cap- 
tious, irritable,  ill-humored,  ill-tempered. 

Fretfulness,  «.  Peevishness,  petulance,  touchi- 
ness, testiness,  snappishness,  waspishness,  pet- 
tishness,  spleen,  captiousness,  irritability,  ill- 
humor,  ill-temper. 

Friable,  a.  Crumbling,  pulverable,  easily  crum- 
bled. 

Friar-bird,  «.  Leather-head  {Tropidorhyncus 
corniculatus). 

Friar'S-crown,  «,  Friar's-thistle,  woolly-headed 
thistle  ^Carduus  eriopkorus). 

Friar's-lantern,  «.  Ignis  fatuus,  will  o'  the  wisp, 
jack-a-lantern. 

Fribble,  a.  Trifling,  frivolous,  silly,  fribbling, 
frippery. 

Fribble,  «.  Trifler,  frivolous  fellow,  fribbler,  cox- 
comb. 

Fribble,  v.  n,    I.  Trifle,  cavil  feebly,  play  the 
fribble  (r). 
2.   Totter. 

Friction,  «.  I.  Attrition,  abrasion,  confncation, 
rubbing. 

2.  Rubbing  or  rolling  resistance,  resistance 
from  roughness. 

Friend,  «.  I.  Confidant,  intimate,  dear  compan- 
ion, loved  or  loving  associate,  bosom  friend. 

2.  Ally,  associate,  confrire,  member  of  the 
same  party,  adherent  of  the  same  cause,  fellow- 
partisan,  fellow-adherent. 

3.  Favorer,  encourager,  well-wisher,  patron, 
advocate,  adherent,  defender,  supporter,  good 
genius. 

4.  Quaker. 

Friendly,  a.  I.  Kind,  kindly,  amiable,  benevo- 
lent.well-disposed,  kindly  disposed,  kind-hearted, 
affectionate,  good. 


2.  Mutually  kind,  well-affected  toward  each 
other,  of  mutual  regard,  on  good  terms,  on 
friendly  terms,  on  a  friendly,  familiar  or  intimate 
footing. 

3.  Amicable,  fraternal,  neighborly,  kind,  good. 

4.  Peaceable,  disposed  to  peace,  unhostile,  not 
inimical. 

5.  Favorable,  propitious,  salutary,  advan- 
tageous,   favoring,   auspicious,    Favonian. 

Friendship,  n.  I.  Attachment,  affection,  fond- 
ness, love,  deep  regard. 

2.  Intimacy,  intimate  relation,  close  fellowship, 
close  tie. 

3.  Friendliness,  amity,  amicableness,  fellow- 
ship, kindly  association,  friendly  regard,  good- 
fellowship,  harmony,  mutual  regard  or  good 
feeling. 

4.  Favor,  kindness,  aid,  help,  assistance, 
good-will. 

Frigeratory,  ».     Refrigerator. 
Fright,  V.  a.    {Poetical.)    See  Frighten. 
Fright,   «.     I.   Alarm,    affright,    terror,    dismay, 
consternation,  panic,  sudden  fear. 

2.  Frightful  object,  thing  of  terror. 

3.  Hideous  object,  guy,  scarecrow. 
Frighten,  v.  a.     Alarm,  affright,  terrify,  dismay, 

intimidate,  scare,  shock  with  sudden  fear. 

Frightful,  a.  Terrible,  terrific,  fearful,  alarming, 
dread,  dreadful,  direful,  dire,  horrid,  horrible, 
awful,  shocking,  hideous,  ghastly,  grim,  grisly, 
grewsome  or  gruesome. 

Fngid,  a.  I.  Cold,  cool,  gelid,  of  a  low  temper- 
ature. 

2.  Dull,  uninteresting,  uninterested,  unani- 
mated,  lifeless,  cold,  destitute  of  enthusiasm, 
without  fervor,  spiritless,  tame. 

3.  Forbidding,  formal,  prim,  stiff,  rigid,  repel- 
lent, repelling,  repulsive,  chilling,  freezing. 

Fri^dily,  «.  I.  Coldness,  coolness,  chilliness, 
frigidness,  geliditjr,  gelidness,  low  temperature. 

2.  Dulness,  frigidness,  lifelessness,  want  of 
animation. 

3.  Frigidness,  formality,  primness,  stiffness, 
rigidity,  repelling  manner,  forbidding  manner, 
chilliness,  cnill. 

I^gldness,  «.    See  Frigidity. 

Frigormc,  a.     Cold,  chilling,    causing  cold  or 

lowering  of  temperature. 
|t111,  n.     Ruffle,  edging,  gathering,  frilling. 
Fnll,  V.  a.     Put  a  frill  on,  edge  with  a  frill,  rufBe, 

decorate  with  frills  or  gathers. 
|ijll,  V.  n.     Shake,  shiver,  quake,  thrill. 
Innged,  a.     Fimbriate,  fimbriated. 
Frippery,  «.     I.  Old  clothes,  cast-off  dresses. 

2.  Triimpery,  second-hand  finery. 

3.  Trifling,  trifles,  stuff,  nonsense,  fribbling. 
See  Flummery. 

Friseur,  «.    [Fr.]    Hair-dresser. 

Frisk,  V.  n.  Leap,  skip,  hop,  jump,  frolic,  romp, 
gambol,  dance. 

Frisky,  a.  Gay,  lively,  playful,  sportive,  frolic- 
some, coltish,  full  of  frolic. 

Frith, «.     I.  Strait. 

2.  Estuary,  inlet,  firth,  fiord,  creek,  arm  of 
the  sea. 

Fritter,  «.    I.   Pancake,  fried  cake,  batter  cake. 
2.    Fragment,  piece,  shred,  bit,  scrap,  splinter, 
fixr\A<tr  {Scotch). 

Fritter,  v.  a.     I.   Slice,  cut  into  small  pieces. 
2.    Break    into   fragments,    break    to  pieces, 
shiver,  shatter. 

Fritter  away.  I.  Diminish,  pare  off,  reduce  to 
nothing. 

2.  Misuse  {time),  waste,  dawdle  away,  idle 
away,  fool  away. 

3.  Waste  bit  by  bit,  destrov  gradnallv,  waste 
by  dispersion  or  by  trifling  and  petty  use. 


FRIVOLITY 


180 


FUDDLED 


Frivolity,  n.     Levity,  puerility,  trifling,  triviality, 

frivolousness,  folly,  fribbling,  frippery,  flummery. 
Frivolous,  a.     Trifling,   trivial,   worthless,   light, 

petty,     flimsy,    idle,    puerile,    childish,    trashy, 

foolish. 
Frivolousness,  «.     See  Frivolity. 
Frizzle,  v.  a.    Curl,  crisp,  frieze,  frizz. 
Froghopper,   «.     Frog-fly,   froth-fly,  froth-insect, 

froth-worm  (_Aphrophora  sputnaria). 
Frolic,  n.     I.   Gambol,  escapade,  lark,  wild  prank, 

flight  of  levity,  spree  {colloq.). 

2.  Fun,  pleasantry,  drollery. 

3.  Scene  of  merriment,  merry-making. 
Frolic,  a.   (Poetical.)   Frolicsome,  merry,  sportive, 

playful,  gamesome,  gay,  lively,  frisky,  joyous, 
prankish,  coltish,  full  of  frolic. 

Frolic,  V.  n.  Be  merry ,  be  frolicsome,  play  pranks, 
cut  capers. 

Frolicsome,  a.  Sportive,  playful,  gamesome,  gay, 
UveJy,  frisky,  coltish,  full  of  frolic,  frolic. 

From  far.  From  a  great  distance,  from  remote 
regions,  from  a  far  country,  from  afar. 

From  haild  to  hand.     From  one  person  to  another. 

From  hand  to  mouth.  Precariously,  as  want  re- 
quires, by  a  bare  subsistence,  as  chance  provides, 
at  haphazard,  without  any  margin,  by  spending 
the  wages  of  to-day  for  to-day's  necessities. 

Front,  n.     I.    Forehead,  brow. 

2.  Effrontery,    face,    impudence,    assurance, 
brass. 

3.  Van,  fore-rank,  front  rank,  head. 

4.  Forepart,  forward  part. 

5.  Anterior,  face. 

6.  Face,  obverse. 

7.  Face,  fagade,  front  elevation. 

Front,  V.  a.  I.  Face,  stand  over  against,  stand 
opposite  to. 

2.  Confiront,  encounter,  oppose,  meet  face  to 
face. 

3.  Fit  with  a  front,  face,  make  a  front  to  or  for. 

4.  (Poetical.)     Come  before,  come  into  one's 
presence,  appear  before,  confront. 

Front,  V.  n.     Face,  be  or  stand  opposite. 

Frontal,  n.     Frontlet,  brow-band,  fillet. 

Frontier,  «.  I.  Confine,  border,  boundary, 
marches,  limits,  coast  {archaic). 

2.   [In  pi.}     Back  or  remote  districts,  back- 
woods. 

Frontier,  a.     Conterminous,  bordering. 

Frontless,  a.     Shameless,  impudent,  brazen,  bold. 

Frontlet,  «.     Frontal,  brow-band,  fillet. 

Front  on.     Face,  have  its  front  upon  or  toward. 

Frost,  «.  I.  Rime,  hoar-frost,  frozen  dew,  white- 
frost. 

2.    Cold    manner,    reserve,    frigidity,    iciness, 
stiffness,  want   of   cordiality,   unsociability. 

Frost,  V.  a.     I.    Ice,  cover  with  frosting. 

2.  Whiten,  sprinkle  with  white,  sprinkle  with 
gray  hairs, 

3.  Frost-bite,  injure  by  frost  or  cold,  nip. 

4.  Sharpen,  point  (said  of  a  horse). 
Frost-Wte,  v.  a.    Bite  with  frost,  frost,  nip,  wither, 

shrivel,  injure  by  frost  or  cold. 
Frostfish,  n.     Tom-cod  (Morrhua  prutnosa). 
Frosting,  «.     Icing,  concreted  sugar  (/or  coating 

cake). 

Frost-weed, «.    See  Frostwort. 

Frostwork,  «.     Frost-tracery,  tracery  of  the  frost. 

Frostwort,     «.     Frost-weed,     rock-rose      (Heli- 

anthemunt  Canndense). 
Frosty,  a.     I.   Cold,  icy,  wintry,  stinging,  chilly, 

chill. 

2.  Cold,  frigid,  unloving,  unimpassioned.    in- 
different, cold-hearted,  unaffectionate,  uncordial. 

3.  Cold,  spiritless,  unanimated,  lifeless,  dull- 
hearted. 

4.  White,  gray-haired,  frosted. 


Froth,  «.    I.   Spume,  foam. 

2.   Triviality,     nonsense,    empty  show,    mere 
words,  balderdash,  trash,  flummery,  \>o%\i{colloq.). 

Froth,  V.  a.     I.    Cause  to  foam,  cover  with  foam 
or  spume. 
2.   Emit  as  foam,  give  vent  to  frothily. 

Froth,  V.  n.     Foam. 

Froth-spit»  «.  Cuckoo-spittle,  frog-spit,  frog- 
spittle. 

Frothworm,  «.    See  Froghopper. 

Frothy,  «.     I.    Foamy,  spumy. 

2.   Trifling,  light,  empty,   trivial,  vain,  frivo- 
lous, unsubstantial. 

Froward,  a.  Fractious,  perverse,  contumacious, 
refractory,  untoward,  unyielding,  ungovernable, 
disobedient,  wayward,  peevish,  petulant,  cross, 
captious. 

Frown,  v.  n.     Scowl,  look  stem. 

Frown,  n.     Scowl,  stem  look. 

Frowzy,  a.     [Written  also  Frouzy  and  Frowsy.} 

1.  Fetid,  rank,  noisome,  stinking,  offensive,  ill- 
scented,  strong-smelling. 

2.  Rough  and  tangled  (as  the  hair). 

3.  Disordered,  disorderly,  slovenly,  slatternly, 
dowdy. 

Fructify,  v.  a.     Fertilize,  make  fruitful. 

Fructify,  v,  «.  Be  fruitful,  bear  fruit,  bring  forth 
fruit,  bear,  be  productive. 

Frugal,  a.  Provident,  economical,  saving,  spar- 
ing, choice,  chary,  careful,  thrifty,  unwasteful. 

Frugality,  «.  Economy,  thrift,  thriftiness,  good 
husbandry. 

Fruit,  «.  I.  Produce  (of  the  earth  for  the  sup- 
ply of  man  and  animals)  ^  production,  harvest, 
crop. 

2.  Product,  result,  consequence,   effect,  out- 
come. 

3.  Offspring,  issue,  young. 

4.  (Bot.)    Matured  ovary. 

5.  Edible  succulent  growth  or  product  (of  cer- 
tain Plants  and  agreeable  flavor). 

Fruitful,  a.     I.    Productive,  abounding  in  fruit. 

2.  Prolific,  fertile,  fecund. 

3.  Plentiful,  plenteous,  abundant,  rich. 
Fruition,  n.     I.    Enjoyment  (in  the  possession  or 

tJie  use  of  anything). 
2.  Fulfilment. 
Fruitless,/!      I.  Unfmitful,  unproductive,  barren, 

sterile,  unprolific,  unfertile,  infecund,  acarpous. 
2.   Useless,    unavailing,    bootless,    profitless, 

ineffectual,  unprofitable,  barren,  vain,  idle,  futile, 

abortive,  without  avail. 
Frumpish, )  a.       Cross,     cross-tempered,      cross- 
Frumpy,     j      grained,  snappish,  irritable. 
Frush,  M.  (Farriery.).  I.  Yxo%(of  a  horse'' s  foot). 

2.   Thrush  (disease  of  tliefrog). 
Frustrate,  v.  a.     Defeat,   disappoint,  balk,  foil,     »\ 

baffle,  disconcert,  circumvent,  check,  thwart,  dis-    ^ 

a^pnuti.  bring  to  nought. 
Frustrate,  a.    Vain,  useless,  ineffectual,  frustrated, 

null,  void,  of  no  effect. 
Frustration,  «.     Disappointment,  defeat,  balking, 

foiling,  baffling,  circumvention,  check,  thwarting, 

bringing  to  nought. 
Fry,  V.  a.     Cook  in  the  frying-pan,  cook  in  boiling 

fat. 
Fry,  V.  n.     I.   Be  frying,  be  cooking  in  fat. 

2.   Simmer,     stew,    ferment    («///A   excessive 

heat). 
Fry,  n.     I.   Fried  dish. 

2.  Agitation,   (mental)  ferment,  stew  (colloq.). 

3.  Small  fishes,  swarm  of  little  fishes,  small  fry. 

4.  Crowd  or  swarm  ( of  insignificant  objects). 
Fuddle,  V.  a.     Intoxicate,  inebriate,  muddle,  make 

drunk,  stupefy  with  drink. 
Fuddled,  a.     Dmnk,  intoxicated,  inebriated,  mud- 
dled, corned,   tipsy,   crapulous,   groggy,  boozy. 


FUDGE 


181 


FUNGOSITY 


tight,  high,  slewed,  muzzy,  nappy,  disguised, 
mellow,  in  liquor,  half  seas  over^  in  one's  cups, 
the  worse  fur  liquor,  three  sheets  in  the  wind,  has 
had  a  drop  too  much. 

Fudge,  inierj.  Nonsense,  stuff,  moonshine, 
pshaw,  fiddle-de-dee,  fiddle-faddle. 

Fudge,  n.  Nonsense,  stuif,  moonshine,  twaddle. 
See  Baldkkdash. 

Fudge,  V.  a.     I.   Stick  together,  thrust  together, 
fabricate,  make  up,  contrive. 
2.  Thrust  in,  foist,  interpolate. 

Fuel,  n.  Firing,  combustible  matter,  combustibles, 
material  for  burning,  firing  material. 

Fugacious,  a.  Transitory,  transient,  evanescent, 
fleeting.     See  Fugitive. 

Fugitive,  a.     I.   Fleeing,  flying,  escaping. 

2.  Transitory,  transient,  evanescent,  fleeting, 
flying,  fugacious,  flitting,  passing,  momentary, 
short,  brief,  temporary,  temporal,  ephemersd, 
short-lived. 

Fugitive,  n.     Runaway,  deserter. 

Fugleman,  «.  File-leader,  leader,  director,  flugel- 
man,  coryphaeus. 

Fulcrum,  «.     Support  (of  a  lever),  prop. 

Fulfil,  v.  a.  [Written  also  i^M^//.]  I.  Accom- 
plish, effectuate,  realize,  effect,  execute,  bring  to 
pass,  complete,  consummate,  bring  to  completion, 
perfect,  bring  to  perfection  or  greater  perfection, 
carry  out  or  to  its  intention, 

2.  Observe,  obey,  perform,  do,  discharge, 
keep,  adhere  to,  comply  with,  be  faithful  to. 

3.  Meet,  satisfy,  answer,  comply  with,  fill,  fill 
out. 

Fulfilment,  «.  [Written  also  Fulfillment.']  I. 
Accomplishment,  realization,  execution,  com- 
pletion, consummation. 

2.  Performance,  discharge. 

3.  Satisfaction,  answering,  meeting,  filling. 
Fulgtirate,  v.  n.     Flash,  lighten. 
Fttlguration,  «.     Flashing,  lightening. 
Fulgurite,  «.    Thunder-tube. 
Fuliginous,  a.     I.   Sooty,  smoky,  fumy. 

2.    Dusky,  dark. 
Full,  a.     I.    Filled,  replete. 

2.  Abounding,  replete,  well  stocked  or  pro- 
vided. 

3.  Satiated,  sated,  glutted,  cloyed. 

4.  Saturated,  soaked. 

5.  Complete,  entire,  perfect,  adequate,  mature. 

6.  Abundant,  plentiful,  copious,  plenteous, 
sufficient,  ample. 

7.  Loud,  deep,  strong,  clear,  distinct. 

8.  Comprehensive,  capacious,  broad,  large, 
extensive. 

Full,  H.    Entire  extent,  full  measure,  utmost,  far- 
thest or  extreme  limit. 
Full,  ad.     I.   Quite,  to  the  same  degree. 

2.  Completely,  fully. 

3.  Exactly,  precisely,  directly.  -~  — 
Full,  V.  a.    Thicken  and  cleanse  {cloth). 
Full-drive,  ad.     {Colloq.)    At  a  furious  rate,  as 

fast  as  possible,  at  full  speed,  at  the  top  of  one's 
speed,  headlong,  full-swmg. 
Fuller's-tMsUe,  I  n.      Teasel    {Dipsacus    fullo- 

Fuller'8-weed,   )     num). 

Full-grown,  a.     Mature,  ripe,  adult,  complete. 

Fully,  ad.  Completely,  entirely,  abundantly, 
largely,  full,  to  the  full. 

Fulminate,  v.  n.     I.    Explode,  detonate. 

2.  Utter  denunciations,  thunder,  pour  out 
threats,  hurl  denunciations,  fulmine. 

Fulminate,  v.  a.     I,    Utter  with  a  menace,  pro- 
claim with  denunciation,  hurl,  thunder,  fulmine. 
2.   Explode,  burst,  rend  asunder. 

Fnlmination,  n.  I.  Fulminating,  hurling  {o/ 
threats,  etc.),  threatening,  denunciation,  de- 
nouncing. 


2.  Denunciation,  threat,  threatening,  anath- 
ema, ban,  curse,  malediction. 

3.  Explosion,  detonation. 

Fulness,  a.  I.  l^lenitude,  copiousness,  abundance, 
profusion,  affluence,  plenty. 

2.  Repletion,  satiety,  sating,  glut. 

3.  Completeness,  completion,  perfection,  en- 
tireness. 

4.  Strength,  loudness,  clearness,  resonance. 

5.  Enlargement,  swelling,  distention,  dilata- 
tion, dilation. 

Fulsome,  a.  I.  Gross,  excessive,  offensively  ex- 
travagant, offensive,  nauseous. 

2.  Nauseous,  nauseating,  offensive,  disgusting, 
repulsive. 

3.  Ribald,  coarse,  gross,  tending  to  obscenity, 
questionable. 

Fuivid,  a.    {Rare.)    See  Fulvous. 

Fulvous,  a.  Yellow,  Uwny,  lulvid,  yellowish- 
brown,  dull  yellow. 

Fumble,  v.  n.  I.  Feel  about  {awkwardly  or 
childishly). 

2.  Grope,  grope  about,  stumble,  bungle,  make 
awkward  attempts,  search  to  no  purpose. 

3.  Mumble,  stammer,  stutter,  stumble  in 
speech. 

Fumbler,  «.     Bungler,  lubber,  lout. 

Fume,   ft.    I.   Smoke,   vapor,  steam,    exhalation, 

effluvium,  reek. 
2.   Passion,  rage,  pet,  fry,  fret,  storm,  agitation, 

stew  (collog  ). 
Fume,  V.  n.     I.    Smoke,  reek,  emit  vapor,  throw 

off  vapor,  give  out  exhalations. 
2.   Rage,  rave,  fret,  bluster,  storm,  chafe,  flare 

up,  be  in  a  passion,  be  in  a  rage,  fly  off  at  a  tan* 

gent. 
Fumigate,  v.   a.     Smoke,    expose    to  smoke  or 

vapor,  cleanse  by  smoke  or  vapor. 
Fumy,    a.     Smoky,   fuliginous,    vaporous,   fiill  of 

smoke  or  vapor. 
Fun,  «.    Pleasantry,   drollery,    sport,   merriment, 

frolic,  gayety. 
Funambulate,  v.  n.     Walk  on  a  rope. 
Funambulist,    «.      Rope-dancer,    acrobat,    lofty 

tumbler,  equilibrist. 
Function,    «.      I.    Performance,    execution,    dis- 
charge, exercise. 

2.  Office,  duty,  business,  employment,  occu- 
pation, part,  province. 

3.  {Math.)  Dependent,  derivative,  value  de- 
rived. 

4.  {Math.)  Law  of  derivation,  form  of  function, 
form. 

Functional^,  «.    Office-holder,  incumbent  of  an 

office. 
Fund,  H.     I.   Stock,  capital 

2.  Store,  supply. 

3.  Foundation,  permanent  fund. 

4.  [In pL,  with  The.]  National  debt,  national 
obligations,  government  bonds,  consols,  public 
funds. 

5.  [Tnpl.]    Money,  means,  resources. 
Fundament,  «.     I.    Bottom,  seat,  buttocks,  rump 

{humorous  or  contemptuous). 

2.    Anns,  rectal  orifice,  mouth  of  the  rectum. 

Fundamental,  a.  Essential,  primary,  indispen- 
sable, radical,  constitutional,  organic,  most  impor- 
tant, principal. 

Fundamental,  «.  Leading  principle,  essential 
part,  essential  principle. 

Funeral,  «.  Obsequies,  exequies,  burial,  inter- 
ment, burial  rites,  funeral  solemnities,  funeral 
rites. 

Funereal,  a.  Mournful,  sad,  woful,  lugubrious, 
nielancholy,  sepulchral,  dark,  sombre,  gloomy, 
dismal,  suitable  to  a  funeral. 

Fnngosity,  «.    Excrescence,  fungus. 


FUNGOUS 


182 


FUTURITY 


FlUlSOnS»  a.    I.   Excrescent,  fungus-like,  spongy. 
2.   Sudden   and  transient,   ephemeral,   mush- 
room, trashy,  upstart. 
Fungus,  n.     I.   Spongy  excrescence. 

2.   (BoL)     Species    of  cellular  cryptogam   or 
acotyledon. 
Funicle,  n.     I.   Fibre,  filament,  small  cord,  small 
ligature. 

2.  (Bot)    Protosperm,  filamentous  support  of 
the  ovule. 
Funk,  n.     I.  Stink,  stench,  fetor,  bad  odor,  offen- 
sive smell. 
2.  (CoUogr.)    Fear,  fright,  shrinking  panic. 
Funk,  V.  n.    (Colloq)    Shrink  back,  be  in  fear,  be 

frightened,  quail,  blench. 
Funnel,  n.     I.   Tunnel. 

2.  Chimney-flue. 

3.  Stove-pipe,  smoke-pipe,  smoke-stack. 
Funny^    a.     Comical,    droli,    farcical,    ludicrous, 

sportive,      humorous,      laughable,       diverting, 

amusing. 
Furl)elOW,  n.     Flounce,  frill. 
Furbish,   v.  a.     Burnish,   polish,    rub    or   scour 

bright. 
Furcate,    \a.     Forked,    fork-shaped,   branching, 
Furcated,  )      divaricated,  furcular. 
Furcation,  ».     Branching,  forking,  divarication. 
FurciferouS,   a.     {Rare.)    Rascally,   scoundrelly, 

villanous,  blackguard. 
FurCttla,    «.     Wish-bone,    wishing-bone,    merry- 
thought. 
Furcular,  a.     Forked,  fork-like,  forking,  furcate, 

furcated,  fork-shaped,  branching,  divaricated. 
Furfur,  «.     Scurf,  dandruff,  branny  scales. 
Furfuraceous,     a.     I.     Scurfy,     branny,     scaly, 

scabby,  lentiginous. 
2.   Made  of  bran,  bran,  branny,  full  of  bran, 

furfurous. 
Furious,  a.     I.    Raging,  frantic,  infuriated,  fren- 
zied, mad,  violent,  wild,  fierce,  excessively  angry. 
2.   Vehement,  impetuous,  fierce,  tempestuous, 

stormy,  boisterous,  tumultuous,  turbulent. 
Furl,  V.  a.     Fold  up,  wrap  up,  roll  up,  fold,  take 

in,  haul  in.  . 

Furlong,  «.     Forty  rods,  poles,  or  perches ;  eighth 

of  a  mile. 
Furlough,  «.     Leave  of  absence. 
Furlough,  V.  a.    Grant  a  furlough  (to),  give  leave 

of  absence. 
Furnish,  v.  a.     I.    Provide,  supply. 

2.  Equip,  fit,  fit  up,  fit  out,  fill  or  supply  with 
furniture. 

3.  Give,  bestow,  present,  contribute,  afford. 
Furniture,      «.      I.     Movables,      house-fittings, 

household  goods. 

2.  Appendages,  apparatus,  appliances,  fittings. 

3.  Equipage,   ornaments,  decorations,  embel- 
lishments. 

Furor,  «.     [L.]     Fury,  rage,  madness,  mania. 
Furore,   n.     [It.]    Rage,  fury,   excitement,  great 

commotion,  rush,  enthusiasm. 
Furrow,  n.     I.   Trench  {made  by  a  plough). 

2.  Channel,  groove,  hollow,  fluting,  chamfer. 

3.  Wrinkle,  seam,  line,  rugosity. 
Furrow,  v.  a.     I.   Make  furrows  in,  plough  in 

furrows. 

2.  Hollow,  cut  in  furrows,  groove,  channel, 
flute,  chamfer. 

3.  Wrinkle,  seam,  pucker. 

Further,  a.     I.   Farther,  more  remote,  more  dis- 
tant. 

2.  Farther  on,  to  a  greater  distance  or  length, 
more  in  advance,  farther. 

3.  Additional,  farther. 

Further,  ad.    I.   Farther,  more  remotely,  more  in 


advance,  to  a  greater  distance  {from  the  starting- 
point),  farther  on. 

2.    Farther,  moreover,  besides,  furthermore. 

Furtherance,  ».  Promotion,  advancement,  help- 
ing forward. 

Furthermore,  ad.  Moreover,  besides,  and  then 
too. 

Furthest,  a.     I.   Farthest,  remotest,  most  remote, 
most  distant. 
2.   Longest,  greatest,  farthest  reaching. 

Furthest,  ad.  Farthest,  to  or  at  the  greatest  dis- 
tance or  length. 

Furtive,  a.  Stolen,  stealthy,  stirreptitious,  clan- 
destine, secret,  sly. 

Furuncle,  n.    Boil. 

Fury,  n.  I.  Rage,  frenzy,  madness,  furor,  storm 
of  anger. 

2.  Impetuosity,  vehemence,  fierceness,  turbu- 
lence, headlong  rush. 

3.  Goddess  of  Vengeance,  avenging  deity. 

4.  Vixen,  virago,  hag,  shrew,  termagant, 
beldam,  Xantippe,  turbulent  woman. 

Furze,  «.     Gorse,  goss,  whin  {Ulex  europaus). 

Furze-Chat,  n.     Whin-chat  {Saxicola  rubetra). 

Furzeling,       )  n.    Dartford  warbler  (Melizophilus 

Furze-wren,  j      provincialis). 

Furzy,  a.  Gorsy,  furzen,  overgrown  with  furze, 
full  of  gorse. 

Fuse,  V.  a.     I.    Melt,  liquefy  {by  heat),  smelt. 

2.  Amalgamate,  blend,  commingle,  inter- 
mingle, intermix,  make  homogeneous. 

Fuse,  V.  n.     1.   Melt,  be  fused. 

2.    Blend,  intermingle,  coalesce,  amalgamate. 

Fuse,  n.^    Match,  igniting  tube,  firing  material. 

Fusel-oil,  n.  Hydrate  of  amyl,  gram  oil,  potato- 
spirit  oil,  oil  of  grain,  corn-spirit  oil. 

Fusiform,  a.     Spindle-shaped. 

Fusion,  n.     I.   Liquefaction  {by  heat),  melting.^ 
2.   Amalgamation,      blending,      commingling, 
commixture,  intermingling,  intermixture,  making 
homogeneous. 

Fuss,  n.  Ado,  bustle,  fidget,  hurry,  worry,  flurry, 
stir,  excitement,  agitation,  to-do,  pucker  (co/^^r. ), 
much  ado  about  trifles  or  about  nothing. 

Fuss,  V.  n.     I.    Bustle,  be  in  a  fidget,  make  much 
ado  about  trifles  or  about  nothing,  be  in  a  stew 
or  pucker  {colloq.). 
2.   Fume,  fret,  worry. 

Fussy,  a.  Bustling,  fidgety,  busy  about  trifles, 
making  needless  ado,  making  a  great  ado. 

Fust,  n.     Mustiness,  mould,  mildew. 

Fust,  V.  n.  Mould,  moulder,  grow  musty,  mildew, 
get  fusty. 

Fustian,  «.  I.  Bombast,  rant,  rhodomontade, 
inflated  style,  swelling  or  pompous  phraseology. 

2.  Stuff,  nonsense,  trash,  twaddle,  inanity,  etc. 
See  Balderdash. 

Fusty,  a.  Musty,  mouldy,  rank,  ill-smelling,  mal- 
odorous. 

FuUle,  a.     I.  Trifling,  frivolous,  trivial. 

2.  Worthless,  valueless,  useless,  profitless, 
fruitless,  bootless,  vain,  idle,  unprofitable,  una- 
vailing, ineffectual,  of  no  or  none  effect,  to  no 
purpose. 

Futility,  «.     I.   Triviality,  frivolousness. 

2.  Uselessness,  worthlessness,  vanity,  bootless- 
ness,  fruitlessness. 

Future,  «.  I.  Futurity,  time  to  come,  coming 
time,  subsequent  time. 

2.  Coming  events,  events  to  come,  what  is  yet 
to  be,  what  may  occur  hereafter. 

Future,  a.     I.    Coming,  to  come,  yet  to  be,  that 
will  be,  hereafter. 
2.   {Gram.)     Denoting  futurity. 

Futurity,  «.    The  future.    See  Future,  «. 


GAB 


183 


GALVANISM 


G 


Gab, «.     {Colloq.)    I.  Mouth. 

2.  Prate,    prattle,    gabble,    idle    talk.     See 

Prate,  «. 
Gab,  V.  n.   (CoUoq.)  Chatter,  prate.   See  Gabble, 

V.  n. 
Gabble,  v.  n.    Chatter,  prattle,  babble,  jabber,  talk 

idly,  rattle  on.     See  Prate,  v.  n. 
Gabble,  «.     Prate,  prattle,  chatter,  clack,  cackle, 

gossip,  palaver,  gab,  idle  talk,  small  talk. 
Gabbler,  «.     Prater,   prattler,    babbler,   chatterer, 

tattler,  gossip,  gadabout,  gadder,  rattle-head,  idle 

talker. 
Gad,  V.  n.     I.   Rove  about  idly,  ramble  without 

definite  purpose. 

2.  Go  unrestrainedly,  wag,  run  loose. 

3.  Gossip,  rattle,  prate,  babble,  tattle,  talk 
mischievously. 

Gadder,      1  «.     I.   Rover,  idler,  rambler,  vagrant, 
Gadabout, )     loafer. 

2.   Gossip,  tattler,  babbler,  chatterer,  gabbler, 
prattler,  prater,  idle  talker,  talebearer. 
Gadfly,  H.     Breese,  horsefly,  botfly. 
Gael,  n.     Scotch  Celt,  Scotch  Highlander. 
Gaffer,  «.     I.   Goodman. 

2.  Old  rustic,  old  fellow. 

3.  Foreman  (of  navvies),  overseer. 

Gaffle,  n.     I.   Artificial  spur  {for fighting  cocks). 

2.   Cross-bow  lever. 
Gas,  ^-  <*■•     Silence,  stifle,  muzzle,  muffle. 
Gag,  V.  n.     Retch,  keck  (^rare). 
Gage,  n.    I.   Pawn,  pledge,  security. 

2.  Challenge,  gauntlet,  glove. 
Gage,  V.  a.      Pawn,    impawn,    pledge,    give    as 

security. 
Gain,  ft.     I.   Profits,  gainings,  increase,  excess  of 

earnings  over  outlay, 

2.  Emolument,  lucre,  money-making, 

3.  Profit,  advantage,  benefit,  good,  blessing. 
Gain,  V.  a.     I.   Get  (by  effort),   acq^uire,   obtain, 

procure,  achieve,  secure,  carry,   wm,   earn,  get 
possession  of. 

2.  Conciliate,  persuade,  enlist,  get  the  good- 
will of,  prevail  upon,  bring  over,  wm  over,  gain 
over. 

3.  Reach,  attain,  arrive  at,  win  to,  win. 

4.  Get  more,  get  a  profit,  profit. 

Gainful,  a.     I.   Advantageous,   profitable,    bene- 
ficial. 
2.    Lucrative,  remunerative,  productive,  paying. 

Gain  ground.     Increase,  advance,  progress,  make 
progress. 

Gain  on.     I.   Obtain  influence  with,  win  the  favor 
of,  win  upon. 

2.  Gain  ground  upon,  gain  upon,  draw 
toward,  be  overtaking,  get  nearer  to. 

3.  Get  the  advantage  of,  get  the  better  of, 
beat,  outstrip. 

Gain  over.      Gain,     enlist,    persuade,   conciliate, 

win  over,  bring  over,  prevail  upon. 
Gainsay,  v.  a.       Contradict,     deny,    controvert, 

dispute. 
Gain  upon.     See  Gain  on. 
Gairiab,    a.       [Written   also    Garish."]      Glaring, 

staring,  flaunting,  showy,  gaudy,  tawdry,  flashy. 
Gait,  «.     I.    Carriage,  walk,  manner  of  walkmg. 

2.   Walk,  march,  way. 
Gala-day,   «.      Holiday,  day  of  festivity,  day  of 

rejoicing. 
Galaxy,  ».     I.   Milky  way. 


2.  Cosmic  system,  system  of  suns. 

3.  Splendid  assemblage,  brilliant  collection. 
Gale,  «.     I.   (^Poetical.)    Wind,  breeze,  current  of 

air. 

2.  Strong   wind,    violent   wind,    hard    blow, 
storm,  tempest,  hurricane. 
Galena,  ».    Native  sulphuret  of  lead,  sulphide  of 

lead. 
Galipot,  «.      [Written  also  Gallipot]      I.  Con- 
crete turpentme,  resin  {pf  the  Pinus  tnaritimus). 
2.   Burgundy  pitch,  common  frankincense. 
GaU, «.     I.   {Anat.)    Bile. 

2.  Bitterness,  rancor,  acerbity,  spite,  malice, 
maliciousness,  malignity. 

3.  Nutgall,  gall-nut. 

Gall,  V.  a.  I.  Chafe,  fret,  excoriate,  hurt  by 
rubbing. 

2.  Provoke,  vex,  irritate,  tease,  exasperate, 
incense,  affront,  harass,  annoy,  plague,  sting. 

Gallant,  a.  I.  Gay,  showy,  bne,  splendid,  mag- 
nificent, well-dressed, 

2.  Courageous,  brave,  valiant,  intrepid,  valor- 
ous, heroic,  chivalrous,  fearless,  bold,  daring, 
high-spirited. 

3.  Magnanimous,  noble,  chivalrous,  high- 
minded,  fine,  lofty,  honorable, 

4.  Attentive  to  ladies,  polite,  courteous. 

5.  Fond  of  women,  given  to  courtsiiip. 
Gallant,  n.     I.     Beau,  spark,  cicisbeo. 

2.  Suitor,  wooer,  lover. 

3.  Paramour. 

Gallant,  v.  a.     Wait  on  {ladies),  be  attentive  to. 

Gallantly,  «.  I.  Bravery,  courage,  courageous- 
ness,  valor,  intrepidity,  prowess,  heroism,  bold- 
ness, fearlessness,  chivalry,  contempt  of  danger. 

2.  Courtesy,  politeness,  polite  attention  (fo 
ladies). 

3.  Intrigue,  illicit  relation,  base  attentions. 
Gallery,  «.     I,    Corridor,  passage, 

2.  Hanging  platform,  balcony, 

3.  Art  collection,  art  museum,  art  gallery. 
Galley,  n.     I.   Oared  ship 

2.    Cook-room  (of  a  ship),  caboose. 
Gall-fly,  n.    Gall-insect,  Cynips. 
Gallic,   a.     Made  of  galls,  obtained  or  derived 
from  galls. 

GSmSm,}"-     French,  Gaulish. 

Gallicism,  n.     French  idiom. 

Gallimaufry,  n.     I.   OHo,  ragout,  hash, 

2.  Medley,  farrago,  jumble,  miscellany,  sal- 
magundi, olio,  hotch-potch,  hodge-podge,  con- 
fused mixture. 

Gall-insect,  «.     Gall-fly.  Cynips. 

Gallinule,  «.  Water-hen,  moor-hen,  spotted 
crake  {Crex porzana). 

Gallipot,  n.      I.   Druggist's  pot,  glazed  earthen 
pot. 
2.   See  Galipot, 

Gall-nut,  n.    Nut-gall,  gall. 

Gallon,  n.     Four  quarts. 

Gallop,  v.n.     I.  Go  at  a  gallop. 

2.  Ride  at  a  gallop. 

3.  Hurry,  rush,  fly,  speed,  scamper,  run. 

Gallowses,  «.  pi.     Suspenders,  braces. 

Gall-stone,  «.     Bile-stone,  biliary  calculus. 

Galyanism,  n  Voltaic  electricity,  galvanic  elec- 
tricity, chemico-electricity,  dynamic  electric- 
ity. 


GALVANIZE 


184 


GATHER 


Galvanize,  v.  a.  I.  Affect  with  ^Ivanism,  treat 
with  galvanism,  charge  with  voltaic  electricity. 

2.  Electroplate. 

3.  Stimulate  by  galvanism,  bring  to  a  mock 
vitality. 

Gambler,   «.     [Written  also   Gambir  and  Gam- 

beer.'\    Catechu,    cutch,    terra   japonica,    japan 

earth. 
GamUe,  v.  «.     Game,  play  for  money,   practise 

gaming,  play  for  stakes,  practise  gambling. 
Gambler,   «.      I.     Gamester,    player,    player  for 

stakes. 
2.   Professional  gambler,    blackleg,    cheating 

gamester,  card-sharper. 
Gambling,   «.      Gaming,   playing  for   money    or 

stakes. 
Gambol,   v.   n.      Frisk,  frolic,   romp,   caper,   cut 

capers,  leap,  hop,  or  skip  {in  sport). 
Gambol,  «•     Frolic,  prank,  skip,  hop,  caper,  romp. 
Gambrel-roof,  «.     Curb-roof,  mansard-roof. 
Game,  «.     I.   Sport,  play,  amusement,  pastime. 

2.  Plan,  scheme,  stratagem,  bit  of   strategy, 
enterprise,  adventure,  undertaking,  measure. 

3.  Animals  of  the  chase. 

4.  Quarry,  prey. 

Game,  a.     I.   Courageous,    brave,    resolute,    un- 
flinching, fearless,  valorous,  dauntless,  intrepid, 
gallant,  heroic. 
2.   Made  of  game,  of  game. 

Game,  v.  «.  Gamble,  play  for  money  or  stakes, 
practise  gaming  or  gambling,    be    addicted    to 

p^^y-  ^  ... 

Gamesome,  a.    Gay,  sportive,  vivacious,  sprightly, 

frolicsome,  playful,  lively,  frisky,  full  of  frolic. 
Gamester,  «.     See  Gambler. 
Gamin,  «.    [Fr.]    Idle  boy,  blackguard  boy,  street 

Arab,  hoodlum,  young  rough. 
Gaming,  «.     Gambling,  playing  for  money. 
Gammer,  «.    Goody,  goodwoman,  goodwife. 
Gammon,  «.     I.   Imposition,  hoax,  humbug.     See 

Cheat,  «. 
2.    Smoked  ham.  ham  of  bacon. 
Gammon,   v.    a.      I.    Deceive,    cheat,    humbug, 

hoax,  chouse,  trick,  dupe,  gull,  cozen,  overreach. 

outwit,  bamboozle,  circumvent,  delude,  beguile, 

mislead,  inveigle,  impose  upon. 

2.  Cure  and  smoke,  convert  into  bacon. 

3.  (Naut.)     Lash  {the  bowsprit  to  the  stein). 
Gamut,  n.     Scale. 

Gamy,  a.     High,  almost  tainted,  high-flavored. 

Gander, «.    Male  goose. 

Gang,   n.      Company,   crew,  band,  horde,    party, 

set,  clique,  coterie,  cabal. 
Gangrene,  «.     Mortification. 

Gangrene,  v.  a.    Mortify. 

Gangrene,    v.    «.      Mortify,    be   mortified,    lose 

vitality. 
Gangtie,  n.     Matrix  {of  an  ore). 
Gangway,  «.     Passage-way,  passage. 
Gannet,  n.      Solan-goose,    noddy,    booby    {Sula 

bassana). 
Gaol,  »•    [Written  also  and  usually  y«77.]    Prison. 
Gap,   n.     Cleft,   crevice,   opening,   chink,  cranny, 

crack,    interstice,    breach,  rift,    break,    hiatus, 

lacuna. 
Gape,  V.  n.     I.  Yawn. 

2.  Open  the  mouth  {as  in  staring). 

3.  Open,  dehisce,  yawn,  be  opened,  be  sepa- 
rated. 

Garb,  «.  Dress,  clothes,  habit,  apparel,  garments, 
vesture,  raiment,  attire,  habiliment,  costume. 

Garbage,  «.     Refuse  {j>f  flesh),  offal. 

Garble,  v.  a.  Mutilate  {a  quotation),  falsify, 
pervert,  corrupt,  misrepresent,  misquote. 

Garden-spider,  «.     Cross-spider,   diadem-spider. 

Garden-warbler,  n.    See  Becafico. 

Gar-fish,  «.      Greenbone,  horn-fish,  sea-needle, 


gar-pike,  sea-pike,  long-nose,  gore-bill,  sword- 
fish,  mackerel-guide,  snook  {Esox  belone  or 
Belone  vulgaris). 

Gargantuan,  a.  Brobdingnagian,  huge  beyond 
belief,  incredibly  big,  prodigious,  enormous, 
tremendous. 

Garget,  «.  {Bot.)  Poke,  poke-weed,  pigeon- 
berry  {Phytolacca  decandra). 

Gargoyle,  «.  [Written  also  Gargoil  and  Gar- 
gyle.]     Spout,  projecting  conductor. 

Garish,  a.  [Written  also  Gairish.]  Flaunting, 
staring,  glaring,  showy,  gaudy,  tawdry,  flashy. 

Garland,  «.  Wreath,  chaplet,  crown,  coronal, 
bays. 

Garment,  «•     Vestment,  article  of  clothing. 

Garments,  «.  //.  Clothes,  dress,  habit.  Sea 
Garb. 

Garner,  «.     Granary. 

Garner,  v.  a.  Gather  {/or  preservation),  store, 
hoard,  deposit,  save,  husband,  reserve,  collect, 

§arner  up,  treasure  up,  lay  in,  lay  up,  lay  by,  set 
y. 

Garner  up.     Same  as  Garner. 

Garnish,  v.  a.     Adorn,  decorate,  embellish,  deck, 

bedeck,  beautify,  grace,  ornament,  prank,  set  off, 

set  out,  trick  out. 
Garniture,     «.        Embellishments,     decorations, 

ornaments,    adornments,    furniture,   ornamental 

appendages,  setting  off. 
Gar-pi^e,  «.     See  Gar-fish. 
Garret,  n.    Attic,  loft,  cock-loft,  upper  story. 
Garrulity,  «.     Loquacity,  loquaciousness,  babble, 

babbling,  talkativenesss,  prattle,  prate. 
Garrulous,   a.       Loquacious,    talkative,    pratir.g, 

prattling,  babbling. 
Gas,  ».     Aeriform  fluid,  elastic  fluid. 
Gasconade,    n.      Boast,    brag,    vaunt,    bravado, 

vaporing,   fanfaronade,   bluster,    swagger,   great 

cry  and  little  wool. 
Gasconade,  v.   n.     Boast,  brag,  vaunt,  swagger, 

bluster,  vapor. 
Gasconader,    «.      Boaster,    braggart,    blusterer, 

vaporer,  fanfaron. 
Gash,  V.  a.    Cut  deeply,  make  a  deep  incision  or 

deep  incisions  in. 
Gash,  n.     Deep  cut,  gaping  wound. 
Gas-holder,  n.     Gasometer. 
Gas-meter,  «.     Gasometer. 
Gasometer,  «.    I.    Gas-holder. 

2.   Gas-meter. 
Gasp,  V.  n.     Pant,  puff,  blow,  labor  for   breath, 

breathe  convulsively. 
Gassy,  a.     I.   Gas-like,  gaseous. 

2.  {Colloq.)    Inflated,  bombastic,  pompous. 
Gas-tar,  «.     Coal-tar. 
Gastric,  a.     Of  the  stomach. 
Gastronome,    I  «■       Epicure,     high-liver,    gour- 
Gastronomer,  j      mand,  fine-feeder,  gourmet. 
Gastronomist,  n.    I.   See  Gastronome. 

2.   Connoisseur     in     gastronomy,    judge    of 

cookery. 
Gastronomy,  «.    I.  Art  of  cookery. 

2.   Epicurism,  pleasures  of  the  table. 
Gastroscopy,  «.     {Med.)    Abdominoscopy. 
Gather,  v.  a.     I.  Collect,  muster,  assemble,  con- 
gregate, bring  together,  draw  together. 

2.  Accumulate,   amass,  hoard,  garner,  gamer 
up,  heap  up,  gather  up. 

3.  Pluck,  crop,  pick,  cull,  reap,  glean. 

4.  Gain,  win,  acquire,  get. 

5.  Infer,  deduce,  conclude,  draw  the  inference. 

6.  Fold,  fold  up  or  together,  draw  together. 

7.  Plait,  pucker. 

Gather,  v,  «.  I.  Muster,  congregate,  assemble, 
collect,  come  together. 

2.   Collect,      increase,      thicken,       be     con- 
densed. 


GATHERING 


185 


GENTEEL 


Gathering,  n.  I.  Acquisition,  collecting,  pro- 
curing, earning,  gain. 

2.  Assemblage,  assembly,  company,  meeting, 
collection,  concourse,  congregation,  muster. 

3.  Abscess,  sore,  ulcer,  fester,  imposthume, 
pustule,  suppuration,  suppurating  tumor. 

Gaucherie,  «.  [Fr.]  Uncouthness,  awkwardness, 
blundering,  bungling,  lack  of  social  polish. 

Gaud,  «.  [Written  also  Gawd.]  Trinket,  gewgaw, 
bawble,  trifle,  toy,  worthless  piece  of  finery. 

Gandy,  a.  Flaunting,  garish,  tawdry,  glittering, 
tinsel,  over^decorated,  flashy,  showy,  loud 
{colloq.). 

Gauge,  V.  a.     I.  Measure  (a  cask,  eic),   find  the 
contents  of,  ascertain  the  capacity  of. 
2.   Measure  (as  to  ability),  estimate. 

Gauge,  n.  I.  Measure,  standard,  means  of  esti- 
mating. 

2.  Measure,  measuring  instrument,  carpen- 
ter's gauge. 

Gaunt,  a.  Lean,  thin,  lank,  emaciated,  meagre, 
slender,  spare,  attenuated. 

Gavel,  n.     Mallet  (of  a  presiding  officer). 

Gavial,  «.     Gangetic  crocodile. 

Gawk,  n.  Clown,  boor,  booby,  awkward  sim- 
pleton, lout,  bumpkin,  gawky. 

Gawky,  a.  Awkward,  ungainly,  clownish,  boor- 
ish, rustic,  clumsy,  raw,  green,  uncouth,  loutish. 

Gawky,  n.  Clown,  boor,  booby,  lout,  bumpkin, 
gawk,  awkward  simpleton. 

Gay,  a.     I.  Showy,  bright,  fine,  brilliant,  dashing. 

2.  Gaudy,  flaunting,  flashy,  garish,  tawdry, 
glittering,  tinsel,   loud  (colloq.). 

3.  Merry,  lively,  cheerful,  gleeful,  jovial, 
sprightly,  blithe,  blithesome,  airy,  sportive, 
frolicsome,  gladsome,  jolly,  vivacious,  hilarious, 
light-hearted. 

Gayety,  «.  [Written  also  Gaiety.^  I,  Show, 
showiness,  eaudiness,  finery,  glitter,  brilliancy, 
tinsel,  gaudmess,  garishness,  flashiness. 

2.  Liveliness,  cheerfulness,  joyousness,  jovial- 
ity, sprightliness,  mirth,  blithesomeness,  merri- 
ment, glee,  hilarity,  jollity,  vivacity,  animation, 
good-humor,  high  spirits. 

G^e,  V.  n.  Look  intently,  look  long,  look  fixedly, 
keep  one's  look  fixed,  look  long  and  earnestly. 

Gaze,  H.     Intent  look,  fixed  look. 

Gazette,  «.     I.    Newspaper,  journal. 
2.   Official  newspaper  or  journal. 

Gazette,  v.  a.  Publish  officially,  officially 
announce. 

Gazetteer,  n.    Geographical  dictionary. 

Gear,  n.     I.  Array,  dress.     See  Apparel. 

2.  Accoutrements,  harness,  array,  armor, 
appointments. 

3.  Appointments,  appliances,  appurtenances, 
equipments,  accessories,  subsidiaries. 

4.  Harness,  trappings,  accoutrements,  tackle, 
draught-gear. 

5.  Mechanism,  machinery,  mechanical  appli- 
ances. 

6.  Gearing,  toothed  wheels,  series  of  cog- 
wheels. 

7.  Rigging,  tackle. 

Gearing,  ft.    See  Gkar. 

Geld,  V.  a.    Castrate,  emasculate,  glib,  deprive  of 

virility. 
Gelder-rose,  «.     Snow-ball  tree. 
Gelid,  a.     (Rare.)    Very  cold,  chill,  chilly. 
Gelidlty,  n.     Extreme  cold,  chill,  chilliness. 
Gem,  n.     I.   Jewel,  precious  stone. 

2.  (Bot.)     Bud,  germ. 
Gem,  V.  a.     I.  Adorn  with  gems,  begem,  jewel, 

bejewel. 
2.    Embellish,  bespans:le.  spangle. 
Geminate,  a.     (Bot.)    Doubled,   twin,   in   pairs, 

binate. 


Gemini,  «. //.  [L.]  (Astron.)  The  twins,  Cas- 
tor and  Pollux. 

Gemmation,  n.  I.  (Zodl.)  Reproduction  by 
buds. 

2.  (Bot.)     Budding,  germination,  leaving  out. 

3.  Time  of  budding,  budding  season. 
Gemmule,  n.    (Bot.)     Small  bud. 
Gender, «.    I.  Sex. 

2.   (Gram.)    Inflection  for  sex,  form  relative 
to  sex. 
Genealogy,  n.     I.    Pedigree,  list  of  ancestors. 

2.    Descent,  derivation. 
General,  a.     I.    Universal,  of  the  whole  (genus, 
class,   etc.),   catholic,   not    partial,   not   special, 
not  particular. 

2.  Ecumenical. 

3.  Common,  usual,  ordinary. 

4.  Vague,  indefinite,  lax,  ill-defined,  inexact, 
inaccurate. 

General,  «.    I.  Whole,  total. 

2.  (Mil.)  Commander-in-chief,  generalissimo, 
captain-general. 

3.  (Mil.)  General  officer  (brigadier,  major- 
general,  lieutenant-general). 

Generalissimo,  n.  Commander-in-chief,  general, 
captain-general. 

Generality,  «.     I.   Universality,  generic  extent. 
2.    Bulk,  mass,  greater  part,  main  body,  com- 
mon run. 

Generally,  ad.  I.  Commonly,  usually,  in  gen- 
eral, in  the  usual  course  of  things,  as  the  world 
goes,  in  most  cases. 

2.  In  the  main,  without  particularizing,  with- 
out details. 

Generate,  v.  a.  I.  Beget,  procreate,  engender, 
breed,  propagate. 

2.  Produce,  form,  make,  beget,  engender, 
breed,  cause,  bring  about,  bring  into  existence. 

Generation,  n.     I.    Procreation. 

2.  Production,  formation. 

3.  Progeny,  ofEspring,  succession  of  descend- 
ants. 

4.  Family,  stock,  race,  breed. 

5.  Body  of  equals  in  age,  collection  of  those 
of  nearly  the  same  age,  people  of  the  same  age. 

6.  (Math.)     Formation  (by  movement). 
Generosity,  n.     I.    Nobleness,  disinterestedness, 

magnanimity,  high-mindedness. 

2.   Liberality,  bounty,  bounteousness,  bounti- 
fulness,  charity,  munificence. 
Generous,  a.     I.    Noble,   magnanimous,   honora- 
ble, high-minded. 

2.  Liberal,  bountiful,  beneficent,  munificent, 
charitable,  open-handed,  free-hearted. 

Geneva,  n.    Gin. 

Genial,  a..  I.  Fostering,  cheering,  enlivening, 
inspiriting,  encouraging, 

2.  Cordial,  hearty. 

3.  Cheerful,  pleasant,  merry,  mirthful,  jovial. 
Genitals,  n.  pi.       Sexual    organs,   private  parts, 

organs  of  generation,  pudenda. 
Genitive,  a.     Possessive. 
Genius,  n.       I.    Bent,    turn,    aptitude,    aptness, 

capacity,  faculty,  endowment,  talent,  gift. 

2.  Invention,  ingenuity,  intellect,  sagacity, 
brains,  parts,  wit,  mother-wit,  inspiration,  cre- 
ative power,  power  of  invention. 

3.  Adept,  proficient,  master,  master-hand, 
man  of  genius. 

4.  Nature,  character,  disposition,  peculiar 
constitution,  characteristic  quality. 

5.  Spirit,  tutelary  deity,  guardian  spirit,  guar- 
dian angel. 

Genteel,   a.      I.   Refined,   polite,   courteous,  pol- 
ished, civil,  well-bred,  gentlemanly  or  lady-like. 
2.   Fashionable,  stylish,  elegant  (in  dress,  style 
of  living,  etc.). 


GENTILE 


186 


GET  OVER 


Gentile,  «.  Pagan,  heathen,  worshipper  of  false 
gods. 

Gentility,  «•  Politeness,  courtesy,  urbanity,  good- 
breeding,  good  behavior,  refinement  of  manners. 

Gentle,  a.  l.  Mild,  bland,  moderate,  kind,  ten- 
der, compassionate,  indulgent,  meek,  soft,  hu- 
mane, clement,  lenient,  merciful,  of  a  sweet 
disposition,  gentle-hearted,  tender-hearted. 

2.  Tame,   docile,   peaceable,  quiet,  tractable, 
pacific,  dove-like. 

3.  Light,  moderate,  soft,  bland,  zephyr-like, 
mild. 

4.  High-born,    noble,     well-born,    of    good 
family. 

5.  Refined,    cultivated,    well-bred,    polished, 
courteous. 

Gentlefolk,    t«.//.     People  of  good  family   and 
Gentlefol]i:s,  i     good   breeding,  lords  and  ladies, 

ladies  and  gentlemen. 
Gentleman,  «.     I.  [£n£:]    Man  of  good  family 

(above  the  rank  of  yeoman). 
2»   Man  of  good  breeding,  well-mannered  man, 

refined  or  polished  man,  man  of  delicacy  and 

honor. 

Gentlemanly,     )  a.    Polite,  courteous,  civil,  re- 
Gentlemanlike,  )     fined,    cultivated,    honorable, 

deHcate,  urbane,  genteel,  well-bred. 
Gentry,      «.     \.Eng.'\     Middle    class,    people    of 

good    position    {between   the   nobility    and  the 

vulvar). 
Genuine,  a.     I.   Pure,  uncorrupt,  unalloyed,  un- 
adulterated, true,  real,  veritable,  authentic,  what 

it  purports  to  be. 
2.   Native,  unaffected,  sincere. 
Genus,  n.    I.   Group  {subordifiate  to  a  class,  tribe, 

or  order),  assemblage  of  species. 
2.   {Log.)    Relative,   universal,   kind  or  sort 

or  class  to  which  particulars  belong. 
Geodesy,    n.      Land-surveying  {on  a  large  scale, 

as  when  the  curvature  of  the  earth  is  taken  into 

account). 
Geometer,  n.     Geometrician. 
Geometrician,  n.    Geometer. 

Geoponics,  «.  //.     Agriculture,  husbandry,  culture 

of  the  soil,  tillage,  rural  economy. 
Georgfium  Sidus.    [L.]    (Astron.)    Uranus  Her- 

schel. 
Geranium, «.    Cranesbill. 
Germ,   «.     I.   Embryo,  ovum  {in  animals),  ovule 

(in  plants),  seed-bud,  young  bud. 
2.   Origin,  source,  first  principle,  originating  or 

originative  principle. 
German,   a.      I.    Bom   of   the  same   father  and 

mother,  full. 

2.  Born  of  brothers  or  sisters  or  of  brothers 
and  sisters. 

3.  Cognate,   pertinent,   relevant.      See    Ger- 
mane. 

4.  Of   Germany,  belonging  to  or  characteris- 
tic of  Germans  or  Germany. 

Germane,  a.  I.  Related,  akin,  allied,  cog- 
nate. 

2.   Relevant,  pertinent,  apposite,  appropriate, 
suitable,  fitting,  to  the  purpose,  to  the  point. 

German-silver,  «.  Packfong,  white  copper,  white 
alloy  of  nickel. 

German-tinder,  «.  Punk,  spunk,  touchwood, 
black-match,  pyrotechnical  sponge,  amadou. 

Germinate,  v.  «.  Sprout,  shoot,  vegetate,  bud, 
push,  pullulate,  put  forth,  burst  forth,  spring  up, 
begin  to  vegetate. 

Gestation,  «.     Pregnancy. 

GestiC,  a.    Legendary,  traditional,  historical. 

Gesticulate,  v.  n.     Make  gestures,  gesture. 

Gesticulation,  n.    See  Gesture,  ». 


Gesture,  «.     Action   {accompanying  oral  utter' 

ance),  gesticulation,  gesturing. 
Gesture,  v.  «.     Gesticulate,  make  gestures. 
Get,  v.  a.     I.   Procure,  obtain,  acquire,  gain,  win, 

earn,  achieve,  realize,  secure,  come  by. 

2.  Master,  finish,  prepare. 

3.  Learn,  memorize,  commit  to  memory,  get 
by  heart. 

4.  Beget,  generate,  engender,  procreate,  breed. 

5.  Procure  to  be,  cause  to  be,  have. 

6.  Persuade,  induce,  dispose,  influence,  pre- 
vail upon. 

7.  Receive. 

8.  [Always   in    past    participle   with    have.^ 
Have,  be  in  possession  of,  possess. 

Get,    V.   n.     I.   Gain,   make  acquisition,   increase 
(one's  goods  or  position  or  power). 

2.  Become,  fall,  go. 

3.  Arrive,  reach,  win. 

Get  ahead.    Proceed,  progress,  advance,  get  on, 

get  forward,  get  along. 
Get  along.     Proceed.     See  Get  ahead. 
Get  among.    Come  among,  come  into  the  company 

of. 
Get  asleep.    Go  to  sleep,  fall  asleep. 
Get  at.     I.   Discover,   determine,   ascertain,  find 

out. 
2.  Reach,  make  way  to,  get  hold  of. 
Get  away.     Depart,  go  away. 
Get  away  from.    Quit,  leave,  disengage  one's  self 

from. 
Get  back.     I.   Return,  come  back. 

2.  Obtain  again,  get  possession  of  again. 

3.  Obtain  in  return. 

Get  before.     Come  in  front  of 

Get  behind.     I.   Lag,  fall  behind  or  below,  fall  in 

the  rear. 
2.   Take  a  position  behind,  get  in  the  rear  of. 
Get  between.     Come  between. 
Get  by  heart.     Memorize,  learn,  learn  by  heart  or 

by  rote,  commit  to  memory. 
Get  clear.     I.    Be  released,  disengage  one's  self, 

get  free,  get  loose,  get  off. 
2.    Be  acquitted. 
Get  down.     Descend,  come  down. 
Get  drunk.     Become  intoxicated. 
Get   forward.     Proceed,    progress,  advance,  get 

along,  get  ahead,  get  on. 
Get  free.     Be  released,  get  clear,  get  loose,  get  off, 

escape. 
Get  head.     Gain  strength,  make  progress. 
Get  home.     Reach  home,  arrive  at  home. 
Get  in.     {Active-)    Put  under  cover,  gather  into  a 

storehouse. 
Get  in.    {Neuter.)    Come  in,  pass  in,  go  in. 
Get  into.     I.   Mount,  climb  into. 

2.  Be  admitted  into. 

3.  Penetrate,  get  inside  of 

Get  into  a  mess.    {Colloq)    Get  into  difficulty. 

See  Get  into  hot  water. 
Get  into  hot  water.     Get  into  difficulty,   get  into 

trouble,  get  into  a  mess  {colloq.),  fish  m  troubled 

waters. 
Get  loose.   Disengage  one's  self,  get  free,  get  clear, 

get  off,  be  released. 
Get  near.     Come  near. 
Get  off.   I.  Escape,  get  clear,  get  free,  be  acquitted. 

2.  Depart,  go  away. 

3.  Alight  from,  descend  from. 
Get  on.     {A  ctive. )    Put  on,  draw  on. 

Get  on.    {Neuter.)    Proceed,  progress,  advance, 

get  along,  get  ahead,  get  forward. 
Get  out.     I.   Come  out. 

2.  Be  extricated. 

3.  Clear  out  {colloq.),  begone,  avaunt,  away 
with  you,  be  off,  get  you  gone. 

Get  over.     I.   Climb  over. 


GET  QUIT  OF 


187 


GIVE 


2.  Surmount,  conquer,  overcome. 

3.  Recover  from. 

Get  quit  of.  Be  freed  from,  get  rid  of,  get  free 
from,  be  extricated  from. 

Get  rid  of.     I.   Dispose  of,  shift  off,  cast  oflF. 

2.  Be  freed  from,  be  relieved  from,  get  clear 
of,  get  quit  of. 

Get  tnee  gone.  Depart,  go  away,  haste  away,  get 
out,  clear  out  (^coUoq.),  be  on,  away  with  you, 
avaunt,  begone. 

Get  the  hang  of.  Understand,  comprehend,  get 
acquainted  with,  get  accustomed  to,  get  used  to, 
become  familiar  with,  see  into,  know  ail  about. 

Get  the  start.    I.    Be  first,  be  ahead,  get  the  lead. 
2.   Start  first,  be  or  get  ahead  at  the  start,  get 
a  lead  at  starting. 

Get  the  start  of.  Be  ahead  of,  have  the  advan- 
tage of,  take  the  lead  of,  outstrip,  get  at  a  disad- 
vantage. 

Get  through.     I.    Pass  through,  go  through. 
2.   Accomplish,  finish,  complete,  do. 

Getting,  «.     Acquisition,  acquirement. 

Get  together.  {Active.)  I.  Collect,  assemble, 
muster,  convene. 

2.  Collect,  accumulate,  amass,  pile  up,  heap 
up. 

3.  Combine,  make  up,  contrive,  conjoin,  put 
together. 

Get  together.  (I/euter.)  Meet,  convene,  assem- 
ble, congregate,  come  together. 

Get  Up.    \Active.)    I.    Prepare,  make,  ready. 
2.   Print  and  publish. 

Get  up.    {^Neuter,)    I.   Arise,  rise. 
2.   Ascend,  climb. 

Gewgaw,  «.  Bawble,  trifle,  trinket,  toy,  play- 
thing, gaud,  worthless  piece  of  finery. 

Ge3rser,  «.     Boiling  spring. 

Ghastly,  a.    I.   Pale,  wan,  cadaverous,  death-like. 
2.  Dismal,  hideous,  grim,  grisly,  terrible,  hor- 
rible, frightful,  shocking. 

Ghost*  n.     I.    Spirit,  soul. 

2.  Apparition,  spectre,  sprite,  phantom,  shade, 
departed  spirit. 

Ghostly,  a.     I.    Spiritual,  of  the  soul. 
2.   Spectral,  phantom-like. 

Giant,  «.  Monster,  Cyclops,  colossus,  Hercules, 
huge  man. 

Giant,  a.     Huge.     See  Gigantic. 

Gibbering,  \  n.      Jargon,  gabble,   jabber,   gibble- 

Gibberish,  )  gabble,  balderdash,  nonsense,  prate, 
prating,  drivel,  idle  talk,  empty  babbie,  empty 
sound. 

Gibbet*  «.    Gallows,  hangman's  tree. 

Gibbet,  v.  a.     Hang  on  a  gallows. 

Gibble-gabble,  «.     Prate,  pratt.e.     See  Gabble. 

Gibbon,  n.     Hylobate,  long-armed  ape. 

Gibbosity,  «.  Convexity,  protuberance,  promi- 
nence, swelling,  gibbousness. 

Gibbous,  a.  I.  Convex,  protuberant,  swelling, 
rounded. 

2.  Humped,  hunched,  hump-backed,  crook- 
backed. 

Gibbousness,  «.     See  Gibbosity. 

Gibe,  V.  n.     Sneer,  scoff,  jeer,  fleer,  flout. 

Gibe,  V.  a  Flout,  taunt,  deride,  ridicule,  jeer, 
twit,  scoff  at,  sneer  at,  jeer  at. 

Gibe,  n.     Sneer,  scoff,  taunt,  flout,  biting  jest. 
hSd*^  «•    Vertigo,  dizziness,  swimming  of  the 

QiAJh.a      I.   Vertiginous,  dizzy. 

2.  Changeable,  fickle,  inconstant,  unsteady, 
*°!i^75'  unstable,  vacillating,  irresolute. 

3.  Careless,  heedless,  thoughtless,  wild,  reck- 
less,  headlong,  flighty,  hair-brained,  giddy- 
brained,  light-headed. 

Giddy-brained,  a.  Hair-brained,  heedless.  See 
Giddy,  3. 


Gift,  ft.  1.  Donation,  present,  benefaction,  boon, 
gratuitv,  grant,  offering,  contribution,  subscrip- 
tion, donative,  largess,  subsidy,  allowance,  en- 
dowment, bounty,  bequest,  legacy,  dower,  demise, 
dotation,  douceur. 

2.   Talent,  power,  faculty,  capability,  capacity, 
ability,  endowment,  genius,  Hxii\, /orie. 

Gifted,  a.  Talented,  able,  ingenious,  sagacious, 
inventive,  intelligent. 

Gift  of  the  gab.  {Collog.)  Fluency,  volubility, 
glibuess,  readiness  of  sjjeech,  command  of  lan- 
guage, facility  of  expression. 

Gigantic,  a.  Huge,  vast,  enormous,  colossal,  pro- 
figious,  Cyclopean,  Herculean,  giant,  very  large. 

Giggle,  «.     Titter,  silly  laugh,  snicker,  snigger. 

Giggle,  V.  n.  Laugh  \in  a  silly  tnartner),  titter, 
cackle,  snicker,  snigger. 

Gild,  V.  a.  I.  Coat  with  gold-leaf,  overlay  with 
gold. 

2.  Adorn,  brighten,  illuminate,  make  lustrous, 
make  bright. 

Gill,  n.     I.   Quarter  of  a  pint. 

2.  {Bot.)     Alehoof,     haymaids,     ground-ivy 
{Nepeta  glechoitui). 

3.  Sweetheart,  dolly,  doxy,  wanton  girl. 
Gimcrack,  «.    Trifle,  toy,  knicknack,  knack,  jig- 

gumbob. 
Gin,  n.     I.   Geneva. 

2.  Machine,  cranei  whim,  windlass,  whim-gin, 
whimsey,  whin. 

3.  Cotton-gin. 

4.  Trap,  snare,  net,  toils,  noose,  springe. 
Gin,  V.  a.     I.  Pass  through  the  gin,  clear  of  seeds 

{as  cottoft). 
2.   Catch  in  a  gin,  capture,  snare. 

Gin,  V.  n.  [Arctic  or  poetical.]  Begin,  com- 
mence. 

Ginger-beer, «.    Ginger-pop. 

Gingerly,  ad.      I.   Cautiously,  tenderiy,  carefully. 

2.   Daintily,  fastidiously. 
Ginger-pop,  «.     Ginger-beer. 
Glngle,  z'.«.   [Written  preferably  7/«^/^].   Tinkle. 
Gingle,  V.  a.     Tinkle. 

Glngle,  n.     Tinkle,  jingling,  jingling  sound. 
Gingling,  «.     See  Gingle,  «. 
Giraffe,  «.     Camelopard. 
Girandole,  «.     Chandelier. 
Girasole,  «.    {Bot.)    Turnsole,  heliotrope. 
Gird,  V.   a.     I.   Girdle,  bind  round,  bind  with  a 
girdle. 

2.  Surround,  encircle,  encompass,  enclose,  en- 
viron, engird,  begird. 

3.  Clothe,  invest,  equip,  furnish. 

4.  Reproach,  gibe,  sneer  at,  lash,  satirize. 
Gird,  V.  ft.    Gibe,  sneer,  make  scornful  jests,  utter 

sarcasms. 
Girder,  «.     I.    Main  beam. 

2.   Sneerer,  giber,  sarcastic  derider. 
Girdle,   «.      Band  (/or  the  waist),  belt,  cincture, 

cestus. 
Girdle,  v.  a.     I.   Gird,  bind  round. 

2.  Environ,    encompass,     surround,    enclo-se, 
embrace,  girt,  shut  in. 

3.  \_U.  S."]    Cut  round,   incise  about,  cut  a 
girth  round  the  bark  of. 

Girdled,  a.     Girded,  cinctured,  belted. 

Girl,  «.     Lass,  lassie,  damsel,  miss,  maiden,  maid, 

virgin,  young  woman,  voung  unmarried  woman. 
Girt,     \n.     I.    Belly-band. 
Girth,  S         2.   Circumference,  distance  around. 
Gist,  «.     Essence,  pith,  marrow,  core,  substance, 

main  point. 
Give,  V.  a.     I.    Bestow  (voluntarily  and  without 

compensation),  accord.     See  Confer. 

2.  Furnish,  supply,  afford,  spare,  accommodate 
with. 

3.  Impart,  communicate. 


GIVE 


188 


GLEE 


4.  Pay,  exchange. 

5.  Permit,  allow,  vouchsafe,  deign.  See 
Grant. 

6.  Utter,  pronounce,  render. 

7.  Produce,  yield,  show  as  a  product. 

8.  Cause,  occasion. 

9.  Devote,  apply,  addict,  give  up. 

Give,  V.  n.     I.   Yield  (to pressure),  give  way,  sink, 
bend. 

2.  Yield,  recede,  retire,  give  way,  retreat. 

3.  Lead,  open,  afford  entrance,  look  out,  afford 
a  view. 

Give  a  handle.     Furnish  an  occasion,  give  an  op- 
portunity. 

Give  away.    Transfer   {without  an  equivalent), 
make  over  gratis,  part  with  gratuitously. 

Give  back.     Return,  restore. 

Give  chase.     Pursue,  follow  on. 

Give  ear.     Listen,  hear,  hearken,  attend. 

Give  in.     {Active.)     I.   Hand  in,  pass  in. 
2.   Abate,  deduct,  discount. 

Give  in.    {Neuter.)    Yield,  surrender,  give  up,  cry 
quits,  cry  quarter. 

Give  one's  sell  up.     I.  Resign  one's  self,  devote 
one's  self. 
2.   Addict  one's  self,  abandon  one's  self. 

Give  one  the  lie.     Charge  one  with  lying. 

Give  one  the  lie  in  one's  throat.    Charge  one 

with  lying  outrageously. 
Give  over.     I.    Leave,  quit,  abandon,  cease  from. 

2.   Consider  hopeless,  consider  lost,  give  up. 
Give  out.     {Active.)     I.    Emit,  send  forth. 
2.   Proclaim,  announce,  report,  publish. 
Give  out.     (Neuter.)    I.    Fail,  come  short. 
2.    Be  exhausted,  spend  one's  strength. 
Give  place.     I.   Withdraw,  retire,  recede,  retreat, 
give  way,  make  room. 
2.  Yield  precedence. 
Giver,    «.     Donor,    bestower,    disposer,  donator 

{law). 
Give  Up.     (Active.)    I.   Resign,  relinquish,  yield, 
surrender. 

2.  Abandon,  forsake,  leave,  quit,  cease  from, 
give  over. 

3.  Consider  hopeless,  consider  lost,  give  over. 
Give  up.    (Neuter.)    Yield,  surrender,  give  in,  cry 

quits,  cry  quarter. 
Give  up  the  ghost.     Die,  expire,  depart,  decease, 

leave  the  world,  draw  the  last  breath,  cease  to 

exist. 
Give  way.     I.  Withdraw,  recede,  retire,  retreat, 

make  room. 

2.  Fail,  break,  be  broken. 

3.  {Naut.)     Row,  bend  to  the  oars. 
Gizzard,  n.     Third  stomach  {in  birds). 
Glahrons,  a.     Smooth,   hairless,   destitute  of  pu- 
bescence. 

Glacial,  a.     I.   Icy,  frozen,  consisting  of  ice,  icy- 
looking. 
2.   Of  glaciers,  pertaining  to  glaciers. 

Glaciarium,  «.     Skating-rink. 

Glaciate,  v-  a.     I.   Freeze,  congeal,  convert  into 
ice. 

2.  Cover  with  ice,  coat  with  ice,  freeze  over. 

3.  Cover  with  traces  of  a  glacier. 
Glaciate,  v.  «.     Freeze,  congeal,  turn  to  ice. 
Glacier,  «.     Ice-torrent,  ice-stream. 

Glad,  a.     I.    Pleased,  delighted,  gratified,rejoiced, 
happy,  well  contented. 

2.  Cheerful,  joyous,  joyful,  gladsome,  happy, 
merry,  elate,  elated,  jocund,  playful,  light-hearted, 
light,  animated,  cheery. 

3.  Cheering,  animating,  gratifying,  pleasing, 
exhilarating,  bright,  gladdening,  joyous,  joyful. 

Glad,  V.  a.    (Poetical)    Delight.     See  Gladden. 

Gladden,  v.   a.     Delight,   cheer,   gratify,   rejoice, 

bless,  exhilarate,  glad,  make  glad,  please  highly, 


make  joyous  or  happy,  fill  with  joy  or  pleasure, 
render  light-hearted. 

Gladden,  v.  «.  Become  glad,  grow  liappy  or 
joyous,  smile,  beam,  light  up,  grow  light, 
brighten,  grow  bright. 

Glad-eye,  «.  Yellow-hammer  (Emberiza  citri- 
nella), 

Gladiate,  a.     (Bot.)    Sword-shaped,  ensiform. 

Gladiator,  «.  Sword-player,  prize-fighter  {in 
ancient  Rome). 

Gladness,  n.  Joy,  joyfulness,  joyousness,  happi- 
ness, gratification,  delight,  pleasure. 

Gladsome,  a.  Pleased,  delighted,  cheerful,  joyful, 
joyous,  glad,  gay,  blithe,  blithesome,  gleeful, 
jovial,  jolly,  merry,  lively,  jocund,  airy,  vivacious, 
sprightly,  sportive,  frolicsome,  light-hearted. 

Glair,  «.     White  of  an  egg. 

Glamour,  n.     I.    Witchery  {applied  to  the  eye  so 
as  to  make  things  seem  to  be  what  they  are  not). 
2.    Fantastic  light,  imaginary  glory,  bewitch- 
ment, glow,  enthusiasm. 

Glance,  «.     I.   Glitter,  gleam. 

2.   Glimpse,  transitory  view,  rapid  look. 

Glance,  v.  «.  I.  Glitter,  gleam,  shine,  flash,  cor- 
uscate, scintillate,  glisten,  glister. 

2.  Flit,  dart,  appear  and  disappear. 

3.  Dart  aside,  fly  off  obliquely. 

4.  Snatch  a  glance,  snatch  a  momentary  look, 
look  hurriedly. 

5.  Make  passing  allusion,  reflect  upon,  hint  at, 
censure. 

Glance  at.     Take  a  glimpse  at,  look  at  cursorily. 
Glance-coal,  n.    Anthracite,  hard  coal,  blind-coal, 

stone-coal,  culm. 
Glare,   v.   «.      I.   Flare,   dazzle,  glitter,  glisten, 

gleam,  sparkle. 
2.    Glower,  look  fierce,  look  black. 
Glare,  «.     I.   Glitter,  flare,  dazzling  light. 

2.    Fierce  look,  glower. 
Glare  ice.     Polished  ice,  smooth  ice. 
Glaring,  a.     I.    Dazzling,  glittering. 

2.   Barefaced,    notorious,    conspicuous,  open, 

manifest,  extreme. 
Glasses,  «.  //.     Spectacles. 
Glass-worm,  «.     See  Glow-worm. 
Glasswort,   n.     Saltwort,   marsh-samphire  (Salt- 

cornia  herbacea). 
Glassy,  a.     I.   Vitreous. 

2.   Hyaline,  crystal,   crystalline,    transparent, 

shining,  lucent,  gleaming,  brilliant. 
Glauher'S-salt,  «.     Sulphate  of  soda. 
Glaucous,  a.     Sea-green. 
Glaze,  V.  a.     I.   Put  glass  in  (windows),  furnish 

with  glass. 

2.  Cover  with  a  glassy  substance,  incrust  with 
a  glaze. 

3.  Calender,  polish,  gloss,    burnish,   furbish, 
give  a  glossy  surface  to. 

Glaze,  V.  n.     Become  glassy,  grow  dim,  grow  filmy, 

become  lustreless. 
Glaze,  «.     Glazing,  enamel. 
Glazing,  «.     I.    Setting  glass. 

2.  Calendering. 

3.  Glaze,  enamel. 

Gleam,  «.  I.  Ray,  beam,  glance,  glimmer,  glim- 
mering. 

2.   Lustre,     brightness,     splendor,     gleaming, 
flash,  flashing,  coruscation,  glitter,  glittering. 
Gleam,  v.    n.     Glimmer,    shine,    ghtter,   sparkle, 

coruscate,  flash,  beam,  glance. 
Glean,  z'.  (7.     I.    Q>2il\\^x  (after  reapers). 

2.   Collect,  cull,  pick  up. 
Glehe,  n.     1.  Soil,  clod,  sod.  turf,  ground. 

2.    Parish  land,  church  demesne. 
Glee,  n,     I.    Merriment,  mirth,  gayety,  jovialitv, 
jollity,  exhilaration,  liveliness,  sportiveness,  jocu- 
larity, hilarity. 


GLEEFUL 


189 


GLUTTON 


2.   Light  song,  song  of  interwoven  melodies. 

Gleeful,  a.  Glad,  merry,  joyous,  light,  light- 
hearted,  gay,  happy,  jocund,  eiaie. 

Glen,  «.     Valley,  vale,  dale,  dell,  dingle. 

Glib,  a.     I.    Smooth,  slippery. 

2.  Voluble,  fluent,  ready,  talkative,  nimble  of 
speech,  ready  in  speech,  of  a  ready  tongue. 

Glib,  V.  a.  Castrate,  geld,  emasculate,  deprive  of 
virility. 

Glide,  V.  ft.     I.   Slip,  slide,  move  smoothly. 
2.    Flow,  lapse,  run,  roll  on. 

Glide,  n.  Lapse,  slip,  gliding,  sliding,  continuous 
motion. 

Glimmer,  v.  n.     Shine  (^faintly),  gleam,  glitter. 

Glimmer,  I  «.     I.   Gleam  {.of  faint,  unsteady 

Glimmering,  J     light),  ray,  beam. 

2.   Glimpse,  glance,  transitory  view,  faint  view. 

Glimpse,  «.  Glance,  glimmering,  transitory  view, 
rapid  look,  momentary  perception,  glint  {Scotch). 

GUnt,  n.    [Scotch.]    Glance.     See  Glimpse. 

Glisten,  )  v.  «.      Sparkle,    glitter,    shine   fitfully. 

Glister,  )      See  Glance. 

Glitter,  v.  n.  Glisten,  glister,  sparkle,  gleam, 
flare,  glare,  glance,  flash,  scintillate,  coruscate, 
make  a  splendid  show. 

Glitter,  «.  Sparkle,  glister,  lustre,  brilliancy, 
splendor,  brightness,  shine,  radiance,  gleam, 
scintillation,  coruscation,  beam,  beaming. 

Gloam.  V.  ft.     Begin  to  darken,  approach  twilight. 

Gloaming,  ft.  Twilight,  dusk,  fall  of  evening, 
eventide,  nightfall. 

Gloat,  V.  n.  Stare,  gaze,  gaze  earnestly,  look  in- 
tently, gaze  passionately,  gaze  with  passionate 
satisfaction. 

Globate,     i  a.   Globular,  globose,  spherical,  round, 

Globated,  )      spheroidal,  globe-shaped. 

Globe,  «.     I.   Sphere,  ball,  orb. 

2.   Earth,  terraqueous  globe,  terrestrial  ball. 

Globe-fish,  «.     Puffer,  diodon. 

Globose,  a.  Spherical,  globular,  globate,  globated, 
round,  globe-shaped. 

Globosity,  «.  Sphericity,  rotundity,  roundness, 
globularity. 

Globular,  a.  Spherical,  globate,  globated,  glo- 
bose, globulous,  round,  globe-shaped. 

Globule,  n.  Spherule,  little  globe,  small  round 
particle,  drop,  bead. 

Globulous,  a.     Spherical.     See  Globular. 

Gloom,  «.  I.  Obscurity,  darkness,  dimness, 
gloominess,  cloud. 

2.  Sadness,  dejection,  depression,  despond- 
ency, melancholy,  heaviness  of  mind,  low  spirits. 

Gloomy,  a.     I.    Obscure,  dark,  dim,  dusky. 

2.  Dismal,  cheerless,  lowering,  lurid. 

3.  Sad,  dejected,  depressed,  _  dispirited,  dis- 
heartened, despondent,  desponding,  melancholy, 
downcast,  crestfallen,  chapiallen,  down-hearted, 
glum,  heavy  of  heart. 

4.  Depressing,  dispiriting,  saddening,  sad,  dis- 
heartening, melancholy,  heavy,  dark. 

Glorify,  v.  a.  I.  Extol,  exalt,  magnify,  bless, 
honor  greatly,  praise  highly,  give  glory  to. 

2.  Brighten,  make  bright,  add  lustre  to,  make 
illustrious,  elevate,  exalt,  ennoble,  adorn,  sur- 
round with  a  halo  of  imagination. 

Glorious,  <z.  I.  Illustrious,  renowned,  celebrated, 
famous,  famed,  eminent,  pre-eminent,  distin- 
guished,  conspicuous. 

2.  Resplendent,  splendid,  bright,  brilliant, 
radiant. 

3.  Noble,  exalted,  lofty,  high,  excellent,  con- 
summate, supreme. 

Glory,  n.  I.  Honor,  renown,  fame,  celebrity, 
praise. 

2.  Splendor,  lustre,  brightness,  brilliancy, 
effulgence,    pride. 

3.  Gloriousness,  exaltation,  nobleness,  gran- 


deur, exceeding  greatness  or  excellence,  supreme 
nobility. 

4.  State,  pomp,  parade,  magnificence. 

5.  Heavenly  bliss,  celestial  happiness. 

6.  Boast,  occasion  of  pride,  something  to  be 
proud  of. 

7.  {Painting.)    Halo,  aureola. 

Glory,  V.  n.  Exult,  vaunt,  boast,  take  pride, 
triumph,  be  proud,  pride  one's  seif,  plume  one's 
self,  pique  one's  self,  perk  one's  sCif,  pat  one's 
self  on  the  back. 

Gloss,  n.  I.  Comment,  note^  explanation,  inter- 
pretation, scholium,  annotation,  commentary. 

2.  Pretext,  pretence,  specious  plea. 

3.  Lustre,  polish,  shining  surface,  sheen. 
Gloss,   V.   n.     Comment,   make    notes,   make  ex- 
planatory remarks. 

Gloss,  V.  a.     I.    Varnish,  make  lustrous. 

2.   Extenuate,    palliate,    color,  apologize  for, 
gloss  over. 

Glossarist,  «.     Scholiast,  commentator,  annotator. 

Glossary,  «•  Dictionary  {of  obscure,^  antiquated, 
or  local  words),  list  of  glosses,  dialectical  vo- 
cabulary. 

Glossology,  n.  Glottology,  linguistics,  compara- 
tive philology,  comparative  grammar,  science  of 
language. 

Gloss  over.  Disguise,  varnish,  color,  palliate, 
endeavor  to  excuse,  extenuate,  make  plausible. 

Glossy,  a.     Smooth  and  shining,  sheeny. 

Glottology,  n.     See  Glossologv. 

Glow,  V.  n.     I.    Be  incandescent. 

2.  Shine  brightly. 

3.  Bum,  be  hot. 

4.  Be  ardent,  be  warm,  warm,  become  excited, 
feel  intensely. 

Glow,  «.     I.    Incandescence,  white  heat. 

2.  Brightness,  bright  color,  reddening. 

3.  Ardor,   warmth,   vehemence,   impetuosity, 
fervency,  fervor,  enthusiasm. 

Glower,  v.  n.    Stare  {in  anger),  glare,  look  black, 

look  fierce. 
Glow-worm,  «.     Firefly  (Lam^ris  noctilucas)^ 

glass-worm. 
Gloze,  V.   tt.     I.   Flatter,  cajole,  wheedle,  fawn, 

cringe. 
2.   Explain,  expound,  comment,  gloss,  make 

glosses. 
Gloze,  V.  a.    Gloss  over,  put  a  specious  face  upon, 

extenuate,  palliate,  cover  up. 
Gloze,    «.      I.   Specious    show,    gloss,   plausible 

covering. 
2.   Flattery,  cajolery,  wheedling,  adulation. 

Glucine,'  I  "'     ^""'"^^  °^  glucinium. 

Glucose,   n.    Grape-sugar,  starch-sugar,  diabetic 

sugar. 
Glue,  n.     Gelatine  {itnpure). 
Glue,  V.  a.     Cement  {with  glue),  join  with  glue. 
Gluey,  a.    Viscous,  viscid.     See  Glutinous. 
Glum,  a.     Sullen,   moody,   sulky,   morose,  sour, 

crabbed,    crusty,    grura,    glowering,    frowning, 

spleeny,  cross-grained. 
Glume,  «.     Husk  {of  graift  and  grasses),  hull, 

outer  covering. 
Glut,  V.  a.    I.   Cloy,  satiate,  sate,  surfeit,  pall. 
2.  Gorge,  stuff,  cram,  overfeed,  fill  full,  fill  to 

repletion. 
Glut,  n.     I.   Repletion. 

2.  Superabundance,  over-abundance,  overplus, 

surplus,  redundancy,  superfluity,  over-stock. 
Glutinous,     a.     Gluey,     viscous,    viscid,    sticky, 

gummy,   adhesive,   tenacious,   clammy. 
Glutton,  n.     I.   Gormandizer,  gourmand,  gobbler, 

greedy-gut,  voracious  eater,  excessive  eater,  belly- 
god,  belly-slave. 
2.   Wolverine  {Gulo  luscus). 


GLUTTONISH 


190 


GOLDEN 


Glnttonisb,  )  a.    Voracious,  given  to    excess   in 
Gluttonous,  \      eating.      . 

Gluttony,  «.  Voracity,  excess  in  eating,  worship 
of  the  palate,  belly-worship. 

Gnflrr  i   ^"  "'     G''°^'>  snarl,  murmur,  grumble. 
Gnarl,  n.     Protuberance,  knot,  contortion,  snag, 

gnarled  lump. 
Gnarled,  a.     Knotty,  knotted,  twisted,  contorted, 

gnarly,  full  of  knots. 
Gnarly,  a.     See  Gnarled. 
Gnash,  v.  a.    Strike  together  {the  teeth),  grind. 
Gnat, «.    Culex. 
Gnaw,  V.  a.     I.   Bite,  nibble,  champ,  nibble  at, 

keep  biting. 
2.  Corrode,  eat  away,  wear  away,  consume, 

erode. 
Gnomon,  «.     Style  (of  a  dial). 
Gnomonics, «.    Dialling. 
Go,  V.  n.    I.   Move,  pass,  proceed,  advance,  make 

progress,  go  on. 

2.  Walk,  go  on  foot. 

3.  Travel,  journey,  fare. 

4.  Depart,  set  out,  go  away. 

5.  Reach,  extend. 

6.  Contribute,  concur,  tend,  avail,  have  effect, 
be  of  use,  be  of  service. 

7.  Fare,  eventuate,  turn  out. 

8.  Be  considered,  be  reckoned,  be  esteemed. 

9.  Be  about,  be  on  the  point. 

Go,  V.  a.  Accept,  approve,  endure,  tolerate,  bear, 
swallow. 

Go,  n.  I.  Doings,  case,  business,  action,  circum- 
stance, state  of  facts. 

2.  Fashion,  mode,  vogue,  custom. 

3.  Spree,  rollicking  time. 

4.  Bottom,  endurance,  power,  stamina. 

5.  Spirit,  fire,  animation,  rush,  movement. 
Go,  interj.     Begone,  avaunt,  aroynt,  get  you  gone, 

be  off,  go  along,  off  with  you,  get  along  with  you, 
go  your  way,  go  about  your  business. 

Go  about.     I.   Endeavor,  attempt,  undertake,  set 
one's  self  about. 
2.  {Naut.)    Tack,  change  the  course. 

Goad,  n.     Prick,  point. 

Goad,  V.  a.     I.    Prick  with  a  goad. 

2.  Harass,    worry,    sting,     annoy,    irritate, 
badger. 

3.  Incite,    stimulate,    instigate,   urge,  impel, 
spur,  arouse,  stir  up,  set  on. 

Go  ahead.  Proceed,  advance,  go  on,  push  on, 
press  forward. 

Goal,  «.  I.  Post  {set  to  bound  a  race).,  mark, 
mete,  limit,  bound. 

2.   Object,  end,  design,  destination,  aim,  height 
of  one's  ambition. 

Goatish,  «!.     I.   Goatlike,  like  a  goat. 

2.  Lecherous,    lustful,    lascivious,    salacious, 
lubric,  lubricous. 

Goat-Siicker,  n.  Night-jar,  wheel-bird,  chum- 
owl  {Caprimulgus  Europceus). 

Go  away.     Depart,  go  off. 

Go  a  wool-gathering.  Go  on  a  fool's  errand,  go 
on  a  wild-goose  chase,  go  on  a  sleeveless  errand, 
reckon  without  one's  host. 

Go  hack.     Return. 

Gohhle,  V.  a.     Swallow  {greedily)^  bolt,  gulp. 

Gohhler,    «.      I.   Gormandizer,   gourmand.    See 
Glutton. 
2.  (Col/oq.)    Turkey-cock. 

Go  hetween.     Mediate,  interpose. 

Go-between,  «.  Agent,  broker,  factor,  inter- 
mediary, middle-man,  daysman. 

Go  beyond.  Transgress,  overstep,  transcend,  ex- 
ceed, surpass. 

Goblin,  «.  Hobgoblin,  spectre,  sprite,  frightful 
apparition,  evil  spirit. 


Go  by.    I.  Pass  near. 

2.  Pass  beyond,  pass  by. 

3.  Act  by,  act  according  to,  act  in  obedience  to. 
Go-by,  n.    Passing  by,  neglect  to  notice,   avoid- 
ance, disregard,  ignoring. 

God,  n.  I.  Jehovah,  Lord,  Omnipotence,  Om- 
niscience, Providence,  Heaven,  the  Creator,  the 
Maker,  the  Deity,  the  Godhead,  the  Infinite, 
the  Eternal,  the  Omnipotent,  the  Preserver,  the 
Father,  the  Trinitjr,  the  Holy  Trinity,  the  Su- 
preme Being,  the  First  Cause,  the  Author  of  all 
things,  God  the  Father,  Sovereign  of  the  Uni- 
verse, the  Eternal  and  Infinite  Spirit,  the  Most 
High,  the  Supreme  Goodness. 

2.  Deity,  divinity,  superhuman  being,  divine 
being. 

3.  Idol,  worshipped  image. 
Goddess,  «.     Female  divinity. 
Godhead,  «.     I.    Deity,  divinity,  godship. 

2.  [With   The   prefixed.]     The    Deity.     See 
God,  I. 

Godless,    a.     I.    Irreligious,    impious,     profane, 
wicked,   ungodly. 
2.   Atheistical,  given  to  atheism. 

Godlike,  a.     Divine,  heavenly,  supernal,  celestial. 

Godly,  a.  Pious,  holy,  righteous,  religious,  de- 
vout, saintly,  saint-like,  heavenly-minded.  God- 
fearing, profoundly  good. 

Go  down.     I.   Descend. 

2.  Be  swallowed. 

3.  Be  received,  be  admitted,  pass  current,  be 
swallowed. 

4.  Fail,  perish,  be  destroyed,  come  to  nothing, 
come  to  nought. 

God's  Acre.      Burial  ground,   churchyard,  ceme- 
tery, graveyard. 
Godsend,  «.     Windfall,  unexpected  gift,  good  luck, 

piece  of  good  fortune,  piece  of  good  luck,  stroke 

of  fortune. 
Godship,  ft.    Deity,  divinity,  godhead. 
Go  for.     I.   Pass  for,  be  taken  lor,  pass  current  for. 

2.   Favor,  support,  be  in  favor  of,  go  in  for. 
Go  for  nothing.     Be  of  no  use,  have  no  effect  or 

efficacy,  be  of  no  avail,  be  thrown  away 
Go  forth.     I.   Issue,  go  out. 

2.   Get  abroad,  become  public. 
Goggle,  V.  n.     Roll  the  eyes. 
Goggle,  tt.    Stare,  owlish  look,  strained  look. 
Goggled,  a.     Staring  {as  a  full  or  prominent  eye\ 

rolling. 
Goggle-eye,  n.     I.  Rolling  eye,  staring  eye. 

2.    Strabismus,  squinting. 
Go  halves.     {Collog.)    Share  equally. 
Go  hard  with.     Be  disastrous  to,   have  serious 

consequences  for,  have  a  narrow  risk,  put  one  in 

jeopardy. 
Go  heels  over  head.     Make  or  turn  a  somerset. 
Go  in  for.     Favor,  support.     See  Go  for. 
Going  on.     I.    Proceeding,  advancing. 

2.   Progressing,  in  progress,  in  hand. 
Goings  on.  ( Colloq. )     Proceedings,  conduct. 
Go  it.     I.   Bear  it,  accept  it,  tolerate  it,  endure  it, 

approve  it 

2.  Keep  it  up,  keep  on,  keep  at  it,  go  ahead. 

3.  Act  recklessly,  behave  thoughtlessly,   live 
on  the  rush. 

Goitre,  «.     [Written  also  Goiter.]    Bronchocele, 

enlargement  of  the  thyroid  gland. 
Gold-cup,  «.     King-cup,  buttercup  {Ranunculus 

bulbosus). 

Golden,  a.    I.  Of  gold. 

2.  Bright,    shining,     splendid,      resplendent, 
brilliant. 

3.  Yellow,  of  a  gold  color. 

4.  Excellent,  precious,  of  great  value. 

5.  Auspicious,     favorable,      opportune,    pro- 
pitious. 


GOLDEN-ROBIN 


191 


GORGON 


6.   Delightful,  glorious,  happy,  blest,  halcyon. 
Golden-rol)!]!,  «.      Hang-bird,  Baltimore  oriole. 
Goldylocks,  n.    Cudweed,  everlasting,  immorielle. 
Gonfalon,   I  n.     Ensign,    standard,   banner,   flag, 
Gonfanon, )      pennon. 
Gonorrll(£a,  «•    ( Afed. )    Clap,  blennorrhcea,  blen- 

norrhagia,  venereal  disease. 
Good,    a.      I.    Advantageous,    beneficial,    useful, 

profitable,  serviceable. 

2.  Suitable,     fit,    proper,     convenient,    well 
adapted. 

3.  Virtuous,  upright,   religious,  pious,  right- 
eous, worthy,  dutiful. 

4.  Excellent,      valuable,     precious,     sterling, 
capital,  admirable. 

5.  Kind,  benevolent,  humane,  friendly,  favor- 
able, gracious,  merciful,  obliging,  well-disposed. 

6.  Unblemished,    unimpeached,   untarnished, 
unsullied,  immaculate,  fair,  honorable. 

7.  Companionable,     social,      genial,      lively, 
cheerful. 

8.  Able,  skilful,  ready,  expert,  dexterous,  well 
qualified. 

9.  Competent     {pecuniarily),    of   established 
credit). 

10.  Pleasant,  agreeable,  gratifying,  cheering. 

11.  Considerable,  tolerably  great,  pretty  large. 

12.  Real,  true,  serious,  unfeigned. 

Good,  n.  I.  Benefit,  advantage,  profit,  gain, 
utility. 

2.  Welfare,  weal,  prosperity,  interest. 

3.  Righteousness,    virtue,    excellence,    moral 
qualities. 

4.  Just  actions,  moral  works. 

5.  Abundance,  richness,  best  fruits. 

Good -breeding,  «.  Politeness,  civility,  courtesy, 
urbanity,  affability,  polish,  good  manners. 

Good-bye, }  "•  °^  ''*''''-^''    F^^^^^"'  *'^>«"- 

Good  cheer.  Bountiful  fare,  high  living,  plenty 
to  eat  and  drink. 

Good  fellow.  Boon  companion,  pleasant  com- 
panion. 

Good-fellowship,     n.      I.     Companionableness, 
sociability,  companionship. 
2.    Merry  society,  pleasant  company. 

Good  fortune.     Prosperity,  success,  good  luck. 

Good  graces.     Friendship,  favor. 

Good  heed.     Great  care,  due  caution. 

Good-humor,  «.  Cheerfulness,  cheer,  joyousness, 
good  spirits,  flow  of  spirits. 

Good-hnmoredt  a.  Cheerful,  buoyant,  of  a  placid 
temper. 

Good  luck.    Prosperity,  success,  good  fortune. 

Goodly,  a,  I.  Beautiful,  graceful,  comely,  good- 
looking. 

2.  Pleasant,  happy,  agreeable,  desirable. 

3.  Considerable,  pretty  large. 
Goodman,  n.     I.   Gafter. 

2.   Husband,  master  of  the  house. 

Good-nature,  «.  Kindliness,  amiability,  good- 
will, good  feeling,  kind-heartedness,  fellow- 
feeling. 

Good-natured,  a.  Amiable,  obliging,  kind- 
hearted,  good-tempered,  kindly,  friendly. 

Goodness,  «.     I.   Excellence,  value,  worth. 

2.  Righteousness,   virtue,   integrity,    upright- 
ness, probity,  honesty,  principle. 

3.  Kindness,    benevolence,    good-will,  benig- 
nity, beneficence,  humaneness,  humanity. 

Good  offices.  Mediation,  intervention,  assist- 
ance, aid,  help. 

Good  opinion.  Approbation,  esteem,  regard,  favor- 
able opinion. 

Goods,    ft.   pi.      I.   Movables,    effects,    chattels, 
fbrniture. 
2.   Commodities,  wares,  merchandise. 


Good    sense.       Good    judgment,     sound    under- 
standing. 

Good-tempered,    a.      Amiable.      See    Good-na- 
tured. 

Good  turn.    Service,  kindness,  benefit,  kind  office, 
act  of  kindness. 

Goodwife,  «.     I.   Goodwoman,  goody,  gammer. 
2.    Wife,  housewife,  mistress  of  the  house. 

Good-will,  ».      I.     Benevolence,   kindness.     See 

GOOD-NATURH. 

2.  Earnestness,  heartiness,  ardor,  zeal. 

3.  {Law.)     Custom  {of  an  established  place 
of  business),  patronage,  public  favor. 

Goodwoman,  «.    See  Goodwifb. 
Goody,  n.     Gammer.     See  Goodwife. 
Go  on.     I.  Depart,  go  away,  be  off,  go  to  a  dis- 
tance. 

2.  Explode,  be  discharged. 

3.  Sell,  be  sold,  be  taken. 

4.  Die,  decease,  depart  this  life. 

Go  on.      I.   Proceed,   advance,  go    ahead,   move 
forward. 

2.  Progress,  make  progress,  get  along. 

3.  Continue,  persist,  persevere,  keep  on,  hold 
out. 

4.  Be  put  on  {as  a  gartnent),  be  drawn  on. 
Go  on  a  fool's  errand.     Go  on  a  wild-goose 

chase.     See  Go  a  wool-gathering. 

Go  on  a  sleeveless  errand.    See  Go  a  wool- 
gathering. 

Go  on  a  wild-goose  chase.     See  Go  a  wool- 
gathering. 

Go  one's   way.      Depart,   take  one's  departure, 
move  on,  set  forth,  jog  on,  be  off. 

Go  on  tick.     Run  up  a  bill,  run  up  a  score,  get 
trusted,  go  on   credit,  tick. 

Goosander,  n.      Dishwasher,    wagtail,    dun-diver 
{Mergus  merganser  or  Mergus  castor). 

Goose,  n.     I.   Tailor's  smoothing  iron. 
2.   Simpleton,  fool.     See  Dunce. 

Goose-grass,    n.      Cleavers,    hariff,    catch-weed, 
scratch-weed  {Galium  aparine). 

Go  out.     I.    Issue,  go  forth. 

2.  Go  abroad,  go  out  of  doors. 

3.  Expire,   become  extinct,  be  extinguished, 
be  quenched,  be  put  out. 

Go    over.      I.    Read    {cursorily),    peruse,    run 
over. 

2.  Examine,  review. 

3.  Study,  revolve,  think  over. 

4.  Pass  over,  change  sides. 

Gopher,  «.     I.    Mulo,  pouched  rat  {Pseudostoma 
bursarius  or  Geomys  bursarius). 
2.   Prairie  squirreL 
Gor-COCk,  n.      Red  grouse,  red  ptarmigan,  red 

game,  moor-cock  {Lagopus  Scoticus). 
Gor-crow,  n.    Carrion  crow,  common  crow  {Cor- 

vus  corone). 
Gore,  «.     I.   Blood,  clotted  blood. 

2.   Gusset,  triangular  piece  {of  cloth,  etc). 
Gore,  V.  a.     I.   Stab,  pierce. 

2.   Piece  with  a  gore. 
Gorge,   n.     I.   Ravine,   defile,    notch,    deep   and 
narrow  pass. 

2.  Throat,  gullet,  oesophagus. 

3.  Stomach. 

Gorge,  V.  a.    I.  Swallow,  devour,    eat  heartily, 

bolt. 
2.  Glut,    satiate,  cram,   stuff,  fill  full,  fill  to 

repletion. 
Gorge,  V.  n.     Feed  or  eat  greedily,   stuff  one's 

self. 
Gorgeous,  a.     Showy,  splendid,  shining,  glittering, 

bnlliant,  dazzling,  resplendent,  magnificent,  fine, 

rich,  superb. 
Gorgon,  «.    Spectre,  hobgoblin,  ogre,  fright,  poker, 

bugaboo,  hydra,  frightful  object. 


GORGON 


192 


GRADUS 


Gorgon,  a.    Gorgon-like,  terrible,  frightful,  terrific, 

horrible,  petrifying,  paralyzing. 
Gorgonean,  )  a.      I.    Of   gorgons,  pertaining    to 
Gorgonian,  j     gorgons. 

2.   See  Gorgon,  a. 
Gormand,  n.      [Written  also  and  usually   Gour- 

fnand.'\     Gormandizer.     See  Glutton. 
Gormandize,  v.  n.    Gorge,  stuff,  eat  greedily,  feed 

ravenously  or  excessively. 
Gormandizer,  «.     Glutton,  gourmand. 
Gorse,  «.     Furze,  whin,  goss  {Ulex Europoeus). 
Gory,  a.     Bloody,  ensanguined. 
GosUng,  n.     Young  goose. 
Go   snacks.      Share  together,    share    and    share 

alike. 
Gospel,  n.    I.   [With  The  prefixed.]    Christianity, 

revelation  by  Christ,  Christian  religion,   divine 

revelation,  the  cross. 

2.  History  of  Christ  {as  given  in  the  New 
Testament  by  one  evangelist  or  collectively  by 
all). 

3.  Doctrine,  creed,  principle  of  action. 
Goss,  n.     Furze.     See  Gorsh. 

Gossamer,  «.  Floating  spider's  web,  filmy  cob- 
web. 

Gossamery,  a.     Light,  flimsy,  unsubstantial. 

Gossip,  n.  I.  Tattler,  babbler,  chatterer,  gada- 
bout, idle  talker. 

2.  Chat,  chit-chat,  tattle,  prate,  prattle,  cackle, 
clack,  small  talk,  idle  talk. 

Gossip,  V.  n.  Chat,  tattle,  prate,  prattle,  gabble, 
clack,  cackle,  talk  idly. 

GotlUUnist,  n.  Blunderer,  wiseacre,  witling,  pre- 
tender to  wisdom,  man  of  small  wit. 

GotMc,  a.     I.    Of  the  Goths. 

2.  North-Europeau,  non-classic,  non-Roman- 
esque. 

3.  Rude,  barbaric,  barbarous. 
Gothic,  n.     Gothic  language. 
GotMcism,  «.     I.  Gothic  idiom. 

2.   Rudeness,  barbarism,  incivility. 

Go  through.     I.    Execute,  accomplish,  finish. 
2.    Bear,  endure,  undergo,  suffer. 

Go  through  with.  Do  thoroughly,  execute 
effectually. 

Go  to  loggerheads.  Come  to  blows,  fall  to 
loggerheads. 

Go  to  pot.  {Colloq.)  Go  to  destruction,  be  de- 
stroyed, be  ruined,  go  to  the  dogs,  go  by  the 
board,  go  to  rack  and  ruin. 

Go  to  war.  Fight,  war,  contend  [in  arms),  take 
up  arms,  appeal  to  arms,  wage  war,  draw  the 
sword,  unsheathe  the  sword,  come  to  blows, 
measure  swords,  give  battle,  join  battle,  enter 
the  lists,  couch  one's  lance,  take  the  field,  let 
slip  the  dogs  of  war. 

Gourd-worm,  n.     Fluke,  fluke-worm. 

Gourmand,  «.  [Written  also  but  less  commonly 
Gormand.']  I.  Glutton,  gormandizer,  belly- 
god,  belly-slave,  greedy-gut,  high  liver,  excessive 
eater. 

2.  Epicure,  cultivator  of  the  palate,  connois- 
seur of  cookery,  gourmet. 

Gourmet,  n.  [Fr.J  Epicure,  refined  feeder,  cul- 
tivator of  the  palate,  connoisseur  of  the  cooking 
art. 

Go&t,  n.  [Fr.]  Taste,  relish,  flavor,  smack, 
savor,  gusto,  zest- 

Gout,    n.     Podacrra  {which  see). 

Gouty,  a.     Podagric,  podagrical. 

Govern,  v.  a.  I.  Conduct,  manage,  supervise, 
regulate,  have  the  direction  of,  have  the  charge 
of. 

2.  Direct,  guide,  steer. 

3.  Control,  restrain,  curb,  bridle,  rule,  sway, 
command. 

Govern,  v.  n.    Rule,  have  control,  exercise  au- 


thority, hold  the  reins,  bear  sway,  have  the 
charge. 

Governable,  a.     Controllable,  manageable. 

Governante.    See  Governess. 

Governess,  n.    Governante,  instructress,  tutoress. 

Government,  n.  l.  Rule,  management,  regula- 
tion, conduct. 

2.  Direction,  guidance. 

3.  Control,  command,  restraint,  sway,  do- 
minion. 

4.  Polity,  commonwealth,  state,  form  of  sov- 
ereignty, body  politic. 

5.  Administration,  body  of  executive  officers, 
ruling  power,  powers  that  be. 

Governor,  «.  I.  Ruler,  director,  manager,  comp- 
troller, superintendent,  overseer. 

2.  Executive,  chief  magistrate. 

3.  Tutor,  instructor,  guardian. 

4.  {Mech.)    Regulator. 

Go  your  way.  Avaunt,  aroynt,  begone,  be  off, 
get  you  gone,  go  along,  off  with  you,  get  along 
with  you,  go  about  your  business,  go  away. 

Grab,  v.  a.  Snatch,  clutch,  seize  violently,  grip 
suddenly. 

Grace,  n.  I.  Favor,  kindness,  condescension, 
benignity,  love,  good-will. 

2.  Divine  goodness  or  favor,  divine  influence, 
God's  love. 

3.  Piety,  devotion,  devoutness,  holiness,  re- 
ligion, sanctity,  love. 

4.  Pardon,  forgiveness,  mercy. 

5.  Elegance,  polish,  refinement,  accomplish- 
ment. 

6.  Beauty,  symmetry,  comeliness,  graceful- 
ness, ease. 

7.  Short  prayer  {over  food  at  table). 

8.  {Mus.)  Embellishment  {appoggiatura, 
shake,  trill,  turn). 

Grace,  v.  a.      I.  Adorn,   decorate,  beautify,  em- 
bellish, deck. 
2.   Dignify,  honor. 

Graceful,    a.       I.   Elegant,    comely,    becoming, 
beautiful,  full  of  grace. 
2.    Easy,  natural,  unlabored,  flowing,  rounded. 

Graceless,  a.  Depraved,  degenerate,  corrupt, 
profligate,  reprobate,  dissolute,  abandoned,  lost, 
shameless,  obdurate,  hardened,  incorrigible,  irre- 
claimable, wicked. 

Gracious,  a.     I.   Benevolent,  benignant,   benign, 
favorable,  kind,  friendly,  merciful,  condescend- 
ing, compassionate,  tender,  lenient,  mild,  gentle. 
2.   Affable,   familiar,  courteous,  civil,  polite, 
familiar,  easy. 

Gradation,  «.  Regular  progress  {step  by  step),  reg- 
ular progression,  succession,  successive  degrees. 

Grade,  «.     I.   Rank,  degree,  step,  stage. 

2.  Gradient,  rate  of  ascent  or  of  descent  {as 
on  a  railroad). 

Gradient,  «.     Grade,  rate  of  ascent  or  of  descent. 

Gradual,  a.     I.    Regular  {step  by  step),  progres- 
sive. 
2.   Slow,  approximative,  by  degrees. 

Gradually,  ad.  I.  Regularly,  in  due  succession, 
progressively. 

2.  By  degrees,  step  by  step,  little  by  little,  by 
little  and  little,  a  little  at  a  time,  slowly,  by 
slow  degrees. 

Graduate,  v.  a.  I.  Mark  with  degrees,  divide 
into  regular  intervals. 

2.  Adjust,  adapt,  proportion,  regulate. 

3.  Confer  a  degree  upon,  honor  with  a  degree, 
invest  with  a  degree. 

Graduate,  v.  «.    Take  a  degree,  receive  a  diploma. 
Graduate,  «.     Laureate,  recipient  or  bearer  of  a 

degree,  alumnus  or  alumna. 
Gradus,    «.      Dictionary    of    prosody,    prosodial 

dictionary. 


GRAFF 


193 


GRAVAMEN 


Graff,  H.    Ditch,  moat,  fosse. 

Graft,  «.     Shoot  (inserted  in  attother  tree\  sciou, 

sprout. 
Graft,  V.  a.     Ingraft. 
Grain,  n.    I.    Seed,  kernel,  matured  ovule. 

2.  Corn  (wheat,  ryt,  oats,  barley,  tnaize, 
etc.),  cereals,  cereal  products. 

3.  Particle,  atom,  bit,  scrap,  jot,  whit,  mite, 
ace,  iota,  tittle,  scintilla,  trace,  spark,  shadow, 
glimmer. 

4.  Twentieth  part  of  a  scruple,  twenty-fourth 
part  of  a  pennyweight. 

5.  Fibre,  texture. 

6.  Temper,  disposition,  humor. 

7.  Dye,  tint,  color,  stain,  tinge,  hue,  shade, 
tincture. 

Grallae,    «.   />/.      [I*]     Waders,    wading     birds, 

grallatores. 
Grallatores,  «.  //.    [L.]    See  Grall^b. 
Gramineous,     )  ^     r-^c.,,. 
Graminaceous, } ''•    ^'^^^y- 
Graminivorous,  a.    Grass-eating,   phytophagous. 
Grammar,  ».     I.    Accidence,  laws  or  rules  of  a 

language,  forms  of  a  language,  correct  mode  of 

writing  and  speaking  a  language. 

2.  Propriety  of  speech,  right  use  of  language, 
art  of  speaking  or  writing  correctly. 

3.  Treatise  on  grammar,  manual  or  handbook 
of  grammar,  grammatical  text-book. 

Grammarian,  n.  Adept  in  grammar,  writer  on 
grammar,  grammatical  author. 

Granary,  «.    Gamer,  corn-house. 

Grand,  a.  I.  Stately,  lordly,  princely,  august, 
majestic,  exalted,  elevated,  dignified,  eminent, 
illustrious,  great,  high  in  power,  of  great  dig- 
nity. 

2.  Magnificent,  splendid,  superb,  glorious, 
noble,  sublime,  lofty. 

3.  Principal,  chief,  superior,  main,  leading. 
Grand-duke.  «.     I.   Sovereign  prince. 

2.  iZo'dl.)  Great  horned  owl  (Bubo  maxi- 
mus). 

Grandee,  «.    Nobleman,  noble,  lord. 

Grandeur,     «.       I.     Greatness,     vastness,     im- 
mensity, loftiness,  elevation,  imposing  character. 
2.    Majesty,  loftiness,  stateliness,  state,  dignity, 
pomp,  magnificence,  augustness,  splendor. 

Grandfather,  «.     Grandsire,  grandpapa. 

Grandiloquence,  «.  Bombast,  fustian,  turgldity, 
lofty  language,  high-sounding  words,  lofty  style 
of  speech,  high-flown  language,  altilocjuence. 

Grandiloquent,  a.  Bombastic,  turgid,  tumid, 
swelling,  inflated,  stilted,  pompous,  declamatory, 
rhetorical,  high-sounding,  high-flown,  altiloquent. 

Grand-juror,  «.     Grand-juryman. 

Grand-juryman,  «.     Grand-juror, 

Grandmamma,  n.     Grandmother. 

Grandmother,  «.     Grandmamma. 

Grand-seiOlior,  «.     Sultan,  sovereign  of  Turkey. 

Grand-Vider,  «.  Chief  vizier,  Turkish  prime 
minister. 

Grange,  ».    I.   Farm,  farm-house,  farming  estab- 
lishment. 
2.    Farmers'  association,  agricultural  society. 

Granger,  ».  Member  of  a  grange,  associated 
farmer. 

Grant,  v.  a.  I.  Admit,  allow,  concede,  cede, 
yield. 

2.  Give  {in  ans7ver  to  a  request),  bestow,  con- 
fer, vouchsafe,  deign. 

3.  {Law.)  Convey  (by  deed),  transfer,  make 
conveyance  of. 

Grant,  n.     I.   Gift,  boon,    donation,   benefaction, 
bounty,  largess,  present,  concession. 
2.   {Law.)    Conveyance,  cession. 

Granulate,  v.  a.  Form  into  grains,  reduce  to 
grains. 


Granulate,  v.  n.     Be  formed  into  grains,  become 
granular,  roughen. 

Granule,  «.     Liitle  grain,  small  particle. 

Grape,  «.     Fruit  of  the  vine. 

Grape-sugar,  «.     Glucose,  starch-sugar,  diabetic 
sugar. 

GrapMc,    a.      Vivid,    lively,     picturesque,    well- 
drawn,  well-delineated,  striking,  tdling. 

GrapMte,  «.     Plumbago,  black-lead. 

Grapple,  v.  a.  Seize,  gripe  or  grip,  grasp,  catch, 
clasp,  clutch,  lay  hold  of. 

Grapple,  «.     I.   Close  hug,  close  fight. 
2.   Grappling-irons. 

Grapple  with.  Struggle  with,  engage  with,  close 
with,  contend  with  (in  close fighi). 

Grappling-irons,  ». /»/.    Grapple. 

Grasp,  V.  a.      Clasp,  gripe  or  grip,  seize,   clinch, 

clutch,  catch,  grappie,  lay  hold  of. 
Grasp,  «.     I.    Clasp,  gripe  or  grip. 

2.  Hold,  possession. 

3.  Reach,  power  of  seizing  or  of  compre- 
hending, compass,  scope. 

Grasp  at.     Catch  at,  try  to  seize. 

Grasping,   a.      Avaricious,    covetous,    rapacious, 

exacting,  sordid,  with  an  itching  palm. 
Grass-eadng,  a.     Graminivorous,  phytophagous, 

feeding  on  grass. 
Grass-plot,  «.     Lawii,  green,  greensward. 
Grassy,  a.     I.   Gramineous,  graminaceous,  grass- 
like. 
2.   Grass-covered,  grass-grown,  full  of  grass. 
Grate,  V.  a,     I.   Rub,  scrape,  abrade. 

2.   Rasp,  comminute,  reduce  to  particles  by 
rubbing. 
Grate,  v.  n.     Be  irritating,  be  disagreeable,  be 

offensive. 
Grate,  n.     I.   Grating,  bars,  lattice- work. 

2.    Fire-bed,  receptacle  for  fuel. 
Grateful,  a.    I.   Thankful,  obliged,  indebted,  be- 
holden, under  obligation. 

2,  Agreeable,  pleasing,  pleasant,  gratifving. 
acceptable,  satisfying,  satisfactory,  delightful, 
welcome,  charming. 

3._  Delicious,  palatable,  savory,  nice,  luscious, 
cordial,  refreshing,  invigorating. 

4.  Soothing,  comforting,  alleviating. 
Gratification,  «.     I.   Gratifying,  pleasing,  satisfy- 
ing, satisfaction,  indulgence,  indulging. 

2.  Delight,  satisfaction,  enjoyment,  pleasure, 
fruition. 

3.  Reward,  recompense. 

Gratify,  v.  a.  L  Please,  delight,  give  pleasure 
to,  make  glad. 

2.    Indulge,  satisfy,  humor,  fulfil. 

Gratifying,  a.  Pleasing,  agreeable,  welcome, 
delightful,  grateful. 

Grating,  a.  Harsh,  irritating,  displeasing,  dis- 
agreeable, offensive. 

Gratis,  ad.  [L.l  Gratuitously,  freely,  for  noth- 
ing, without  compensation  or  recompense. 

Gratitude,  n.  Thankfulness,  feeling  of  obliga- 
tion, sense  of  obligation,  thankful  good-will, 
grateful  love. 

Gratuitous,  a.  I.  Voluntary,  free,  spontaneous, 
of  one's  own  accord. 

2.  Free,  without  recompense,  without  com- 
pensation, unrecompensed,  without  any  equiv- 
alent. 

3.  Unwarranted,  unfounded,  groundless,  with- 
out proof,  baseless,  uncalled  for,  not  necessi- 
tated. 

Gratuity,  n.  Present,  gift,  donation,  benefaction, 
bountv,  largess,  grant,  free  gift,  charitv. 

Gratulation,  «.     Congratulation,  felicitation. 

Gratulatory,  a.     Congratulatory. 

Gravamen,  «.  (Law)  Burden  {of  a  charge), 
substance,  essential  point. 


13 


GRAVE 


194 


GRIEF 


Gravet  v.  a.    I.   Engrave,  imprint,  infix,  impress 
deeply. 
2.   Carve,  form  by  cutting. 

Grave,  «.  Pit  {/or  a  dead  body),  sepulchre, 
tomb,  ossuary,  charnel-house,  narrow  house, 
long  home. 

Grave,  a.  I.  Important,  weighty,  serious,  mo- 
mentous, cogent,  of  great  consequence. 

2.  Sober,  serious,  sedate,  thoughtful,  staid, 
solemn. 

3.  Plain,  sober,  quiet,  subdued. 

4.  (Mus.)    Deep,  not  acute,  low  in  pitch. 
Grave-clothes,    «.  //.      Shroud,    winding-sheet, 

cerements. 

Gravel,  «.     Sand,  grit,  small  pebbles. 

Gravel,  v.  a.     I.  Cover  with  gravel. 

2.  Puzzle,  embarrass,  perplex,  bewilder,  stag- 
ger, pose,  nonplus,  put  out 

Graver,  «.     I.   Engraver. 
2.    Burin,  engraving  tool. 

Graveyard,  «.  Cemetery,  necropolis,^  mortuary, 
churchyard,  burial-ground,  burying-ground, 
God's  Acre. 

Gravitate,  v.  «.     Tend  by  gravity. 

Gravitation,  «.  ^  Gravity,  centripetal  force,  at- 
traction of  gravitation. 

Gravity,  «.     I.   Heaviness,  weight. 

2.  Gravitation,  centripetal  force,  attraction  of 
gravitation. 

3.  Sobriety,  seriousness,  sedateness,  thought- 
fulness,  demureness. 

4.  Importance,  moment,  momentousness, 
weightiness,  seriousness. 

Gray,  a.  [Written  also  Grey.]  I.  Hoary,  black 
and  white,  ashen,  ash-colored,  grizzled. 

2.   Gray-haired,  grajr-headed. 
Grayish,  a.     Grizzly,  grizzled,  somewhat  gray. 
Grayling,  «.     Umber  (  Thymallm  vulgaris). 
Graze,  v.  n.     I.   Eat  grass,  feed  upon  grass. 

2.  Touch  in  passing,  rub  slightly  together. 
Graze,  v.  a.     I.    Feed  with  grass,  pasture. 

2.  Feed  upon,  eat  grass  from. 

3.  Shave,  scrape,  skim,  touch  lightly  (m pass- 
ing over).  ,    ^  „ 

Grease,  n.      I.   Unctuous  matter    {lard,   tallow, 
etc.),  fatty  or  oily  substance. 
2.   {Farriery.)     Scratches. 

Grease,  v.  a.     I.    Smear  with  grease. 

2.    Bribe,  give  a  douceur  to,  corrupt  with  gifts. 

Greasy,  a.  Unctuous,  fat,  fatty,  oily,  adipose, 
sebaceous,  oleaginous. 

Great.  «.  I.  Lar^e,  big,  vast,  huge,  bulky,  ample, 
immense,  gigantic,  Herculean,  Cyclopean,  enor- 
mous. 

2.  Much,  excessive,  high. 

3.  Numerous,  countless. 

4.  Considerable,  important,  weighty. 

5.  Distinguished,  eminent,  promment,  exalted, 
elevated,  excellent,  noted,  illustrious,  celebrated, 
famous,  famed,  renowned,  far-famed. 

6.  Grand,  august,  dignified,  noble,  majestic, 
sublime,  elevated,  lofty,  exalted. 

7.  Magnanimous,  generous,  chivalrous,  high- 
minded. 

8.  Sumptuou'?,  rich,  magnificent. 

9.  Hard,  difficult,  onerous,  burdensome, 
grievous, 

10.  Chief,  principal,  main,  leading,  grand. 

11.  Superior,  pre-eminent. 

Great,  «.     [With   The  prefixed.]    Great  persons, 

persons  of  rank,  people  of  distinction 
Great  Bear,  «.     [With  The  prefixed]     Charles's 

Wain,  the  Wain,   Ursa  Major,  the  Dipper,  the 

Cleaver. 
Great-bellied,  a.    Abdominous,  large-bellied,  bie- 

bellied,     pot-bellied,     tun-bellied,     gor-bellied, 

paunchy,  pursy. 


Greatest  good.     Supreme  good,  summutn  bonum. 

Great-hearted,  a.  Noble,  magnanimous,  gener- 
ous, chivalrous,  high-spirited,  high-minded. 

Greatness,  «.  I.  Largeness,  magnitude,  size, 
bulk,  dimensions. 

2.  High  degree. 

3.  Distinction,  eminence,  elevation,  fame,  re- 
nown. 

4.  Dignity,    augustness,    majesty,     sublimity, 
loftiness,  exaltation,  nobility,  nobleness. 

5.  Magnanimity,  generosity,  nobleness,  disin- 
terestedness, chivalrous  spirit. 

Grecian,  a.     See  Greek,  a. 

Grecian,  «.  I.  Greek,  native  of  Greece,  Hellene. 
2.  Adept  in  Greek,  proficient  in  the  Greek 
language,  Greek  scholar,  Hellenist. 

Grecism,  n.     Greekism,  Hellenism. 

Greed,  «.  Eagerness,  longing.  See  Greedi- 
ness. 

Greediness,  «.  I.  Voracity,  ravenousness,  glut- 
tony, excessive  hunger. 

2.  Eagerness,  longing,  greed,  avidity,  intense 
desire. 

3.  Grasping,  graspingness,   avarice,   rapacity, 
selfishness. 

Greedy,  a.  I.  Voracious,  ravenous,  gluttonous, 
rapacious,  insatiable,  insatiate. 

2.  Eager,  very  desirous. 

3.  Grasping,  avaricious,  rapacious,  selfish. 
Greedy-gut,   n.     (Low.)     Glutton,    gormandizer, 

gourmand,  gobbler. 
Greek,  a.     I.   Of  Greece,  Grecian,  Hellenic. 

2.   Grecian,  classic,  classical,  after  the  Greek, 
in  the  manner  of  Greece. 
Greek,  n.    I.   Grecian,  native  of  Greece,  Hellene. 

2.  Greek  language. 
Green,  a.     I.   Verdant,  virid(rar^). 

2.  Flourishing,  blooming,  fresh,  undecayed. 

3.  New,  recent. 

4.  Unripe,  not  fully  grown,  immature. 

5.  Inexperienced,  unskilful,  inexpert,  ignorant, 
raw,  verdant. 

6.  Unseasoned,  not  dry. 

Green,  n.     I.   Color  mixed  of  blue  and  yellow. 

2.   Lawn,  grass-plot,  grassy  plain,  greensward. 
Greenhone,  «.    Sea-pike-     See  Gar-fish. 
Green-hroom,       n.      Green-weed,      dyer's-weed 

{Genista  tinctoria). 
Greenfinch,  «.    Green  grossbeak  {Coccoikrdustes 

chloris). 
Greenhorn,   «.    {Colloq.)    Novice,  mexpenenced 

youth,  raw  hand,  tyro. 
Greenhouse,  «.     Conservatory. 
Greenness,  «.     I.   Verdancy,  viridity. 

2.  Vigor,  freshness. 

3.  Unripeness,  immaturity. 
Green-sickness, «.  Chlorosis. 
Green-vitriol,    «•     Copperas,    sulphate    of   iron 

{crystallized).  ^         ^  j       ,  j 

Green-weed,  n.  Green-broom,  dyer's-weed 
{Genista  tinctoria).  ..,•,, 

Greet,  v.  a.     I.   Salute,  welcome,  hail,  address, 
accost. 
2.    Compliment,  send  greeting  to. 

Greeting,  «.     I.    Salutation,  welcome,  salute. 
2.    Compliment,  expression  of  good-will. 

Grenatite,  «.     Cross-stone,  staurotide,  staurohte. 

Grewsome,  a.  [Scotch.]  Frightful,  ugly,  terrible, 
awesome,  grisly,  grim. 

Greylag,  «.     WM  goose  {A  nser /ems). 

Grief,  «.  I.  Sorrow,  regret,  affliction,  distress, 
tribulation,  woe,  dole,  sadness,  bitterness,  an- 
guish, miserv,  acony,  heartache,  heartbreak, 
heavy  heart,  bleeding  heart,  broken  heart,  pain 
of  mind,  mental  suffering. 

2.  Trial,  grievance,  cause  of  sorrow,  sorrow, 
affliction,  distress,  woe. 


GRIEVANCE 


195 


GROUND-NUT 


Grievance,  h.  I.  Hardship,  wrong,  injury, 
burden,  oppression. 

2.  Grief,  trial,  cause  of  sorrow,  sorrow,  afflic- 
tion, distress,  woe. 

Grieve,  v.  a.  Afflict,  pain,  hurt,  distress,  sadden, 
agonize,  break  one's  heart,  wound  the  feelings  of, 
make  sorrowful. 

Grieve,  v.  n.  Sorrow,  mourn,  lament,  suffer,  be- 
wail, feel  regret,  be  sad,  be  heavy-hearted,  be  in 
pain  of  mind,  be  anguished. 

Grievous,  a.  I.  Distressing,  afflictive,  afflicting, 
painful,  sad,  deplorable,  lamentable,  hard  to  bear. 

2.  Hurtful,  mjurious,  baneful,  noxious,  mis- 
chievous, detrimental,  destructive,  calamitous. 

3.  Atrocious,  heinous,  flagitious,  outrageous, 
intolerable,  dreadful,  gross,  iniquitous,  flagrant, 
aggravated. 

Grig,  n.     I.   Cricket,  grasshopper. 
2.   Sand-eel. 

Grill,  «.     Gridiron,  broiler. 

Grill,  V.  a.     Broil,  cook  on  a  grill  or  gridiron. 

Grill-room,  «.  Broiling  kitchen,  room  where 
grilled  meats  are  served. 

Grim,  a.  I.  Fierce,  ferocious,  ruthless,  cruel, 
savage. 

2.  Frightful,  horrible,  hideous,  grisly,  appall- 
ing, dire,  horrid,  terrific,  dreadful,  of  forbidding 
look. 

Grimace,  n.  I.  Distortion  of  countenance,  wry 
face,  contemptuous  face. 

2.  Smirk,  affected  face,  affected  contortion  of 
countenance. 

Grime,  «.     Filth,  dirt,  foulness,  foul  matter. 

Grime,  v.  a.  Begrime,  sully,  soil,  befoul,  defile, 
ingrain  with  filth. 

Grim-faced,  a.     Grim-visaged. 

Grim-visaged,  a.    Grim-faced. 

Grimy,  a.  Foul,  begrimed,  defiled,  dirty,  filthy, 
full  of  grime. 

Grin,  v.  n.  Show  the  teeth  {in  laughing^  express- 
ing scorn,  etc.). 

Grin  at.  Ridicule,  deride,  mock  at,  scoff  at,  jeer 
at,  laugh  at,  gibe,  p;ibe  at. 

Grind,  v.  a.  I.  Tnturate,  pulverize,  bruise,  bray, 
comminute  by  attrition. 

2.  Sharpen  (by  rubbing). 

3.  Grate,  rub  together. 

4..  Oppress,  harass,  persecute,  plague,  trouble, 

afflict,  be  hard  upon. 
Grinder,  n.   Molar,  molar  tooth,  jaw  tooth,  double 

tooth. 
Grindery,  «.     [Eng.]    Shoemakers'  materials. 
Grindery-warehouse,   «.     Finding-store,   store 

for  the  sale  of  shoemakers'  materials. 
Grip,  n.     Grasp,  clutch,  clasp,  gripe. 
Grip,  V.  a.    Gra-sp,  clutch,   seize,   seize  hold  of, 

catch,  catch  hold  of,  hold  firmly,  seize  forcibly, 

hold  fast. 
Gripe,  v.  a.    I.  Seize,  clutch,  grasp,  clasp,  snatch, 

lay  hold  of,  grip. 

2.  Press,  compress,  squeeze,  pinch,  hold  fast, 
grip. 

3.  Pain,  distress,  pinch,  straighten ,  give  pain 
to  {espf daily  in  the  bo7oels). 

Gripe,  «.     I.   Grasp,  clutch,  hold,  seizure,  grip. 

2.   Affliction,  distress,  griping,  pinching. 
Gripes,  «.  //.     Colic,  griping,  pain  in  the  bowels. 
Griping,  «.     I.   Seizure,  grasping. 

2.  Colic,  gripes,  pain  in  the  bowels. 

3.  Affliction,  distress,  gripe. 
Grippe,  «.     [Fr.]     Catarrh,  influenza. 

Grisly,    a.     Frightful,    horrible,    horrid,    terrific, 

hideous,  appalling,  dreadful,  grim. 
Gristle,  «.     Cartilage. 
Gristly,  a.     Cartilaginous. 
Grit,  n.     I.   Bran. 

2.  Sand,  gravel,  small  pebbles. 


3.  Gritstone,  gritrock. 
Grit,  V.  a.     Grate,  grind,  gnash. 
Gritrock,  n.     Gritstone,  grit. 
Grits,  n.  pi.    Groats,  hulled  oats  or  hulled  wheat. 
Gritstone,  ».     Grit,  gritrock. 
Gritty,  a.     Sandy. 
Grizzled,  a.     Grayish,  grizzly,  gray. 
Grizzly,  a.     Grayish,  grizzled,  somewhat  gray,  a 

little  gray. 
Groan,  v.  n.     Moan. 
Groat,  n.     Fourpence. 

Groats,  n.pl.    Grits,  hulled  oats  or  hulled  wheat. 
Groceries,    n.    pi.     Grocers'     commodities.     See 

Grocery. 
Grocery,  «.     I.   ^Eng."]    Groceries. 

2.   \^U.S.\     Grocer's  shop. 
Grog-s£op,  n.     Dram-shop,  drinking-house. 
Groom,  n.     I.    Waiter,  servant,  valet. 

2.  Stable-servant,  hostler. 

3.  Bridegroom. 
Groove,  n.     Furrow,  channel. 

Grope,  V.  n.     Feel  one's  way  {as  in  the  dark), 
pick  one's  way,  move  blindly,  move  stumblingly. 
Gross,  a.     I.    Large,  big,  bulky,  great. 

2.  Dense,  thick. 

3.  Coarse,  rough,  rude,  unrefined,  unseemly, 
unbecoming. 

4.  Indelicate,   sensual,  impure,    vulgar,    low, 
broad. 

5.  Enormous,  flagrant,  shameful,  outrageous, 
grievous,  aggravated. 

6.  Palpable,  manifest,  glaring. 

7.  Whole,  total,  entire,  aggregate. 

Gross,    H.      I.   Whole,    total,    aggregate,    gross 
amount,  sum  total. 
2.   Twelve  dozen. 
Crossness,  n.     I.   Greatness,  bulkiness,  bigness. 

2.  Density,  thickness. 

3.  Coarseness,   rudeness,    vulgarity,  want    of 
refinement,  ill-breeding. 

4.  Indelicacy,  impurity,  coarseness,  licentious- 
ness, sensuality,  brutality,  bestiality,  carnality. 

Grot,  n.     Cave,  cavern,  grotto. 

Grotesque,  a.  I.  Fantastic,  fanciful,  odd,  whim- 
sical, extravagant,  unnatural,  wild,  strange, 
bizarre. 

2.   Ludicrous,  absurd,  antic,  buriesque,  ridic- 
ulous. 

Grotesque,  n.  I.  Capricious  arabesque,  whim- 
sical arabesque. 

2.   Whimsical,  fantastic,  odd,  extravagant,  or 
bizarre  figure. 

Grotto,  n.     Grot,  cave,  cavern. 

Ground,  n.  I.  Soil,  earth,  clod,  turf,  sod,  loam, 
mould,  surface  of  land. 

2.  Region,  territory,  country,  land,  domain. 

3.  Estate,   acres,   field,  real  property,  landed 
estate. 

4.  Foundation,  support,  base,   basis,  ground- 
work, 

5.  Motive,   consideration,  reason,  cause,   in- 
ducement, account. 

Ground,  v.  a.     I.    Place  on  the  ground. 

2.  Found,  establish,  base,  fix,  set. 

3.  Train  in  rudiments,  make  thorough  in  the 
elements. 

Ground,  v.  n.     Run  aground,  get  aground. 

Ground-hog,  n.  Woodchuck,  American  marmot 
{Arcfomys  monax). 

Ground-ice,  «.    Anchor-ice,  ground-gru. 

Grotind-ivy,  «.  Gill,  alehoof,  haymaids  {NePeta 
glechoma,  Glechoma  hederacea). 

Groundless,  a.  Baseless,  unfounded,  unwar- 
ranted,   unauthorized,    false,    gratuitous. 

Ground-nut,  «.     I.   Pig-nut,  hawk-nut,  earth-nut, 
earth-chestnut  (Bunium  fiexuosiim). 
2.   Peanut,  earth-nut  (a  rachis  hypogeea). 


GROUND-PLATE 


196 


GUIDE 


3.  Wild  bean  (Aptos  tuberosd). 

4.  Dwarf  ginseng  {A  ralia  trifolia  or  Panax 
irifoliuin). 

Ground-plate,  «.     Sill,  ground-sill,  groundsel. 

Grounds,  «.  //.  I.  Lees,  dregs,  sediment,  grouts, 
precipitate,  settlings. 

2.   Reasons,   considerations,   arguments,   sup- 
ports, accounts. 

Groundsel,  «.     Senecio  vulgaris. 

S^SSdif'!-    S.",Erou„d-pla,e. 

Ground-squirrel,  n.  Chipmunk,  hackee,  chip- 
ping squirrel. 

Groundwork,    «.     I.   Base,    basis,    substratum, 
foundation,  support,  bottom,  ground. 
2.   Source,  origin,  first  principle,  basis. 

Group,  «.     Cluster,  collection,  assemblage,  clump. 

Group,  V.  a.  Arrange,  dispose,  assign  places  to, 
form  into  groups. 

Grouse,  n.     Heath-game. 

Grouts,  n.  pi.     Lees.     See  Grounds,  i. 

Grouty,  a.  {Colloq. )  Sullen,  moody,  sulky,  surly, 
morose,  cross,  glum,  grum,  spleeny,  cynical, 
crabbed,  cross-grained,  out  of  humor,  out  of 
temper. 

Grove,  «.  Wood,  woodland,  thicket,  copse.  See 
Forest. 

Grovel,  v,  n.  I.  Creep,  crawl,  sneak,  fawn, 
cringe,  lie  low,  lie  prone, 

2.   Behave  abjectly,   be   mean,  be  low,  tend 
downward,  tend  to  the  base  and  mean. 

Grovelling,  a.     I.   Creeping,  crouching,  squat. 
2.   Low,    mean,    base,    vile,    abject,   servile, 
slavish,   cringing,   fawning,    beggarly,  sneaking, 
earth-born,    undignified,  unworthy,  without  ele- 
vation. 

Grow,  V.  n.  I.  Enlarge,  increase,  expand,  swell, 
extend,  be  augmented,  become  {6}'  degrees) 
greater  or  larger, 

2.  Vegetate,   sprout,  germinate,  shoot,   bour- 
geon, pullulate,  put  forth,  shoot  up,  spring  up. 

3.  Advance,    improve,    wax,    extend,     swell, 
make  progress,  make  improvement. 

4.  Become, wax,  come  to  be,  get  to  be. 

5.  Adhere,  become  attached,  get  fastened. 
Grow,  V.  a.     Raise,  produce,  cultivate. 
Grower,  «.     Producer,  cultivator. 

Grow  fat.     Batten,  fatten. 

Growing,   a.     Increasing,   enlarging,    expanding, 

extending,  augmenting. 
Growl,  V.  n.     Snarl,  gnarl,  grumble,  murmur. 
Growl,  n.     Snarl,  murmur. 
Grow  out  of.     Issue,  proceed  from,  come  from. 
Growth,    n.      I.    Increase,    expansion,    develofv 

ment,  growing,  extension. 

2.  Vegetation,  sprouting,  germination,  shoot- 
ing, bourgeoning,  pullulation,  putting  out. 

3.  Produce,  product. 

4.  Advancement,  advance,  progress,  improve- 
ment. 

Grow  Up.     I.   Come  to  maturity,  mature, 

2.   Come  about,  come  to  be,  come  to  exist, 
arise. 

Grub,  V.  a.  Dig,  eradicate,  dig  up,  root  up,  root 
out,  grub  up, 

Grut),  V.  n.    Dig,  be  meanly  employed. 

Grub,  n.    Caterpillar,  larva,  maggot. 

Grub-axe,  «.     Mattock,  grubbing-hoe. 

Grubbing-hoe,  «.     See  Grub-axe. 

Grudge,  v.  a.  I.  Grant  with  reluctance,  give 
unwillingly. 

2.   Envy,  begrudge,  repine  at,  see  with  dis- 
content. 

Grudge,  v.  n.     I.   Be  reluctant,  be  unwilling. 

2.  Repine,  murmur,  grieve,  complain. 

3.  Be  envious,  feel  envy,  cherish  ill-will. 
Grudge»   n.    Hatred   {secretly   and  persistently 


entertained)^  pique,  spite,  malice,  rancor,  malev- 
olence, ill-will,  inveterate  dishke,  sullen  malice, 
secret  hate,  concealed  enmity. 

Grudging, «.     I.   Envy. 

2.    Reluctance,  unwillingness,  disinclination. 

Gruff,  a.  Rough,  churlish,  rude,  uncivil,  un- 
courteous,  ungracious,  impolite,  blufiF,  blunt, 
harsh,  brusk  or  brusque,  grumpy. 

Grum,  a.     I,    Sour,  surly,  morose,  sullen,  crabbed, 
grumpy,  glum  {colloq),  grouty  {collog.). 
2,   Guttural,  rumbling,  deep  in  the  throat. 

Grumble,  v.  ti.  I.  Complain,  murmur,  repine, 
croak,  find  fault. 

2.  Growl,  snarl,  gnarl. 

3.  Rumble,  roar. 

Grumbler,  «.  Murmurer,  complainer,  croaker, 
censurer,  fault-finder,  growler. 

Grumbling,  «.  Complaint,  murmuring,  repining, 
fault-finding. 

Grumous,  a.     Clotted,  concreted,  thick. 

Grumpy,  a.     Sullen,  grum,  sour,  surly,  irritable. 

Grunter,  «.     I.   Hog,  pig,  swine. 
2.   Drum-fish,  grunt,  gurnard. 

Guarantee,  «.  [Written  preferably  Guaranty."] 
Surety,  security,  warrant,  assurance. 

Guarantee,  v.  a.  {Law.)  Warrant,  insure,  guar- 
anty, become  surety  for,  be  responsible  for,  an- 
swer for. 

Guarantor, ».    {Law.)    Warrantor. 

Guaranty,  v.  a.  Warrant,  security,  surety,  as- 
surance. 

Guard,  v.  a.  I.  Protect,  defend,  shield,  shelter, 
watch,  keep  in  safety,  attend  for  protection. 

2.  Provide  against  objections,  secure  against 
attack,  make  with  caution. 

Guard,  v.  n.  Watch,  take  care,  be  cautious,  be 
vigilant. 

Guard,  «.  I.  Defence,  protection,  shield,  se- 
curity, bulwark,  rampart,  aegis,  palladium,  safe- 
guard. 

2.  Sentinel,  sentry,  watch,  watchman. 

3.  Convoy,  escort,  conduct,  body  of  defenders. 

4.  Circumspection,  care,  watchfulness,  caution, 
attention,  heed. 

5.  Conductor  (o/  a  coach  ox  of  a  railway 
train). 

Guarded,  a.  Cautious,  wary,  circumspect,  watch- 
ful, careful. 

Guardian,  «.  I.  Warden,  keeper,  protector,  de- 
fender, preserver. 

2.  Guardian  angel,  tutelary  saint,  good  genius, 
attendant  spirit. 

Guardian,  a.     Protecting,  tutelary. 

Guardsman,  «.  Watchman,  sentinel,  sentry, 
guard. 

Guerdon,  «.  {Poetical.)  Recompense,  remuner- 
ation, requital,  reward. 

Guess,  V.  a.  I.  Conjecture,  divine,  surmise,  sus- 
pect, mistrust,  judge  at  random,  judge  with 
uncertainty. 

2.  Find  out,  solve,  penetrate,  fathom  {hy  con- 
jecture). 

3.  {.Now  little  used  except  in  U.  .S".]  Suppose, 
think,  believe,  fancy,  imagine,  take  it,  dare  say, 
venture  to  say. 

Guess,  V.  n.  Conjecture,  divine,  surmise,  suspect, 
mistrust. 

Guess,  n.     Conjecture,  surmise,  supposition. 

Guest,  «.     Visitor,  visitant. 

Guffaw,  n.  Laugh  {boisterous  or  loud),  horse- 
laugh. 

Guidance,  «.  Direction,  leadership,  lead,  con- 
duct, government. 

Guide,  V.  a.     I.    Lead,  conduct,  pilot. 

2.  Direct,  rule,  govern,  manage,  regulate, 
control,  steer,  preside  over,  have  charge  of,  take 
the  direction  of. 


GUIDE 


197 


GYVES 


Guide,  n.     I.  Director,  conductor,  pilot. 

2.  Mentor,  monitor,  adviser,  counsellor,  in- 
structor. 

3.  Clew,  key,  clavis. 

4.  Guide-book,  itinerary. 
Guide-post,  n.     Finger-post. 

Guild,  «■  Fraternity,  association,  society,  com- 
pany, corporation,  corporate  body,  joint  concern 
{of  craftsmen  or  tradesmen  having  like  voca- 
tions). 

Guile,  «•  Cunning,  craft,  subtlety,  artfulness, 
arti^ce,  duplicity,  deceit,  deception,  trickery, 
fraud,  wiles,  wilmess. 

Guileful,  a.  Crafty,  wily,  artful,  cunning,  deceit- 
ful, dishonest,  insincere,  double,  fraudulent,  tricky. 

Guileless,  a.  Artless,  honest,  sincere,  undesign- 
ing,  unsophisticated,  frank,  pure,  truthful,  candid, 
ingenuous,  open,  straightforward,  single-minded, 
open-hearted,  simple-hearted,  simple-minded. 

GnulemetS,  «.  //.  Quotation  points  or  marks, 
marks  of  quotation,  inverted  commas. 

Guilt,  n.     I.   Criminality,  guiltiness,  culpability. 
2.   Wrong,  iniquity,  wickedness,  offensiveness, 
ill-desert. 

Guiltless,  a.  Innocent,  sinless,  spotless,  un- 
spotted, unpolluted,  immaculate,  unsullied,  un- 
tarnished, blameless. 

Guilty,  a.    I.   Criminal,  culpable,  wicked,  wrong. 
2.   Found  in  guilt,  having  violated  law,  actually 
transgressing,  actually  offending. 

Guinefl,  n.     Twenty-one  shillings. 

Guinea-corn,  n.  Doura,  Indian  millet,  negro-corn 
{Sorghum  vuigare). 

Gtilnea-fowl,  «.  Guinea-hen  {Numida  meleagris). 

Guinea-hen,  ».     See  Guinea-fowl. 

Guise,  «.  I.  Appearance,  aspect,  garb,  dress, 
form,  shape,  figure,  fashion,  manner,  mode. 

2.  {Poetical.)    Air,  mien,  demeanor,  behavior. 

3.  Practice,  habit,  custom,  manner,  mode. 
Gulch,  n.    Ravine  ( made  by  running  water),  gully. 
Gules,  ».     {Her.)    Red. 

Gulf,  n.     I.    Large  bay. 

2.  Abyss,  chasm,  opening. 

3.  Whirlpool,  swallowing  eddy,  engulfing  sea. 
Gull,  V.  a-     Deceive,  cheat,  dupe,  trick,  chouse, 

cozen,   overreach,    circumvent,   beguile,   impose 

Xn. 
n.    I.    Cheat,  trick,  deception,  imposition, 
fraud. 

2.  Dupe,  cat's-paw. 

3.  Mew,  cob,  seamew,  sea-cob. 
Gullet,  «.     CEsophagus,  gorge. 
GuUiWlity,  «.     (Colloq.)    Weak  credulity. 
Gullible,  a.    {Colloq.)    Credulous,  easily  duped. 
Gully,  n.    Gulch,  ravine. 

Gulp,  V.  a.     Swallow  greedily,  bolt. 

Gumbo,   «.    {U.  S.^    Okra    {Abelmoschos    escu- 

lentus). 
Gum-elastic,  «.     Caoutchouc,  india-rubber. 
Gumption,  »■     I.   {Colloq.)   Shrewdness,  sagacity, 

discernment,  skill,  cleverness,  ability,  penetration, 

capacity,  power,  common-sense. 
2.   Magilp. 
Gum-rash,  «.    {Med)    Red-gum. 
Gum-tree,  n.     I.   Black-gum,  sour-gum  {Nyssa 

ntultiflorcC). 


2.  [I/.  S.]    Sweet-gum,  liquidambar  (Z.i^«^ 
ambar  styraciflora). 
Gun,  n.     Fire-arm. 
Gun-cotton,  ».     Pyroxyline. 
Guns,  n.  pi.     I.    Fire-arms. 

2.   (Mil.)    Cannon. 
Gurgle,  V.  n.    Ripple,  purl,  murmur. 
Gush,  v.  n.     I.   Spout  out,  burst  forth,  rush  forth 
{as  a  liquid),  flow  out  suddenly. 

2.    Sentimentalize,  be  over-effusive,  be  carried 
away  by  feeling. 
Gush,  n.     I.   Rush  {as  of  a  liquid),  sudden  efHux 
or  outflow. 

2.    Effusive    sentiment,    sentimentalism,    silly 
sentiment. 
Gushing,  a.     I,   Rushing,  issuing  violently,  flow- 
ing copiously. 

2.   Sentimental,     demonstrative,    exuberantly 
affectionate. 
Gusset,  n.     Gore. 
Gust,  n.     I.  Taste. 

2.  Relish,  zest,  liking,  gusto,   gratification  of 
appetite. 

3.  Pleasure,  enjoyment,  delight,  delectation. 

4.  Turn,  taste,  fancy,  favor. 

5.  Blast,  squall. 

6.  Burst,  outburst,  fit,  paroxysm. 
Gustable,  a.    Relishable,  savory,  pleasant  to  the 

taste,  sapid. 
Gusto,  n.     Relish,  zest,  liking,  gust. 
Gusty,  a.    Stormy,  tempestuous,  windy,  squaUy, 

blustering. 
Gut,  n.     I.   Intestine. 

2.   Strait,  narrow  pass. 
Gut,  V.  a.     Eviscerate,    disembowel,     embowel, 

paunch,  take  out  the  bowels  of. 
Guts,  n.  pi.    Viscera,  intestines,  entrails,  bowels, 

inwards. 
Gutta   Serena.     [L.]  {Med.)     Amaurosis,     drop 

serene. 
Gutter,  n.     Channel,  conduit,  kennel. 
GuttunQ,   a.     I.   Of  the  throat,  formed  in  the 

throat. 
2.   Gruff,  hoarse,  deep,  hoarse  and  low. 
Gny»  «.     I.   Stay,  shore. 

2.   Fright,  dowdy,  scarecrow. 
Gu2Zle,  V.  n.     Drink  (greedily  or  much),  carouse, 

tipple,  tope. 
Guzzle,  V.  a.     Drink  (greedily  or  much),  quaff, 

swill,  swig  (colloq.). 
Gymnasium,  «.     I.    Place  for  athletic  exercises. 

2.   School,  seminary,  academy,  high-school. 
Gymnast,   «.    Athlete,  adept  at   gymnastics   or 

athletics. 
G3annastic,  a.    Athletic. 

Gymnastics,  «.  pi.     Athletic  exercises,  athletics. 
Gjpsum,  n.     Sulphate  of  lime  {native). 
Gypsy,  n.     I.    Fortune-telling  nomad. 

2.  Brunette  (tised  in  reproach). 

3.  Crafty  man,  crafty  woman,  cheat,  wily  one. 

4.  Gypsy  language,  Romany,  chib,  Romanes. 
Gyrate,  v.  n.     Rotate,  revolve,  whirl,  spin,  turn 

round,  wheel  round,  move  in  a  circle- 
Gj^ation,  n.     Rotation,  whirling,  revolution,  spin- 
ning, circular  motion. 
Gyves,  n.  pi.    Fetters,  shackles,  chains. 


HABILIMENT 


198 


HAMMER  AND  TONGS 


H 


Eabillment,  n.  Dress,  garment,  clothes,  apparel, 
raiment,  vesture,  garb,  nabit,  costume,  vestment. 

Eabit»  ».  I.  Condition  (e^^A^^^Jfl^).  constitution, 
temperament. 

2.  Custom  (of  an  individual),   usage,    wont, 
practice,  habitude,  way,  manner,  second  nature. 

3.  Dress,  garb.    See  Habiliment. 

HaUt,  V,  a.    Dress,  clothe,  array,  attire,  accoutre. 
Habitable,  a.     Inhabitable. 

Babitancy,  «.     Inhabitancy,  residence,  legal  set- 
tlement. 
Habitat,   n.     Natural  locality  (p/  a  plant  or  an 

animal),  area  of  distribution. 
Babitation,  n.    Abode,  dwelling,  lodging,  domicile, 

quarters,  headquarters,  dwelling-place,  place  of 

abode,  place  of  residence. 
Habitual,    a.       Usual,     customary,     accustomed, 

wonted,    common,    regular,    ordinary,    familiar, 

every-day. 
Habituate,  v.  a.    Accustom,  familiarize,  inure,  use, 

train,  harden. 
Habitude,    «.     Custom,    usage,    practice,    wont. 

See  Habit. 
Hacienda,  «.    [Sp.]    Plantation,  farm,  estate. 
Hack,  V.  a.    Cut  (.clumsily)^  hew,  chop,  mangle, 

hackle,  haggle. 
Hack,  n.     I.   Notch,  cut. 

2.  Hired  horse,  worn-out  horse. 

3.  Drudge,  over-worked  man. 

Hack,  a.     Hired,  mercenary,  hireling,  hackney. 
Hackee,  n.  \.U.  S.\     Chipmunk,  striped  squirrel, 

ground-squirrel,  chipping  squirrel. 
Hackle,  v.  a.    I.   Cut  [.clumsily),  hew,  chop,  hack, 

haggle,  mangle. 
2.   Hatchel,  dress  {flax). 
Hackmatack,    «.     Tamarack,     American    larch, 

black  larch  (Larix  pendula  or  Larix  A  mer- 

icana). 
Hackney,  a.    Common,  hired,  hack. 
Hackney-coach, «.    Hackney. 
Hackneyed,  a.     I.   Worn  out,  much  used. 

2.   Common,  commonplace,  threadbare,  trite, 

stale,  beaten. 
Had  as  lief.    Would  as  willingly,  gladly,  or  freely, 

would  as  lief. 
Hades,    «.     Grave,   invisible  world,   under-world, 

world    below,    Pluto's    realms,    region    of    the 

dead. 
Had  like.    Came  near,  had    nearly,  came  little 

short  of,  came  within  a  little  of. 
Haft,  n.     Handle  (of  an  instrument),  stock. 
Hag,    «.      Fury,    beldam,    she-monster,    Jezebel, 

virago,  vixen,  ugly  old  woman. 
Haggard,  a.     I.   Wild,  wayward,  intractable,  un- 
ruly, refractory,  untamed,  not  domesticated. 
2.   Gaunt,  lean,  meagre,  spare,  worn,  wasted, 

rawboned. 
Haggish,  a.     Ugly,  deformed,  horrid. 
Haggle,  V.  n.     Higgle,  chaffer,  be  tedious  in  a 

bargain. 
Haggle,  V.  a.    I.   Cut  {clumsily),  hew,  chop,  hack, 

hackle. 
2.  Worry,  tease,  harass,  badger,  annoy,  fret, 

bait. 
Hail,  V.  a.    I.   Salute,   greet,  welcome,  call    in 

honor. 
2.   Call,  call  to,  accost,  signal,  speak. 
Hail-fellow,  n.     Intimate,  associate,  companion. 
Hair-salt,  «.     Native  sulphate  of  magnesia. 
Halcyon,  n.     Kingfisher. 
Halcyon,  «.     Placid,  calm,  quiet,  still,  peaceful. 


tranquil,  undisturbed,  unruffled,  serene,  palmy, 
happy,  golden,  halcyonian. 

Hale,  a.  Healthy,  sound,  strong,  hearty,  hardy, 
robust,  well,  in  good  health. 

Half,  n.     Moiety. 

Half -note,  «.     Minim,  half  a  semi-breve. 

Half-seas-over,  a.  Fuddled,  disguised,  boozy, 
muddled,  tipsy,  mellow,  corned,  crapulous, 
slewed,  muzzy,  nappy,  high,  somewhat  drunk, 
slightly  intoxicated,  in  liquor,  in  one's  cups,  the 
worse  for  liquor,  three  sheets  in  the  wind,  has 
had  a  drop  too  much. 

Half-wit, «.     Blockhead,  simpleton.    See  Dunce. 

Half-witted,  a.  Dull,  stupid,  stolid,  doltish, 
foolish,  soft,  silly,  shallow,  sappy,  weak-headed, 
weak-minded,  feeble-minded,  shallow-brained, 
blunt-witted,  dull-witted,  thick-skulled. 

Half-yearly,  a.     Semi-annual. 

Half-yearly,  ad.     Semi-annually. 

Halicore, «.    (Zodl.)    Dugong. 

Hall,  n.     I.    Large  room,  chamber. 

2.  Entry  {o/a  house),  entrance,  vestibule. 

3.  Manor-house. 

4.  Public  room,  assembly  room,  lecture  room, 
room  for  entertainments. 

5.  Unendowed   college  {in  English  univer- 
sities). 

6.  Dining-room  {in  English  universities). 

HaSelui&  1  '"^^^'-    Hosanna,  praise  ye  Jehovah. 

HaJUoo,  V.  n.     Shout,  call,  cry  out. 

Halloo,  «.     Holla,  shout,  call. 

Hallow,  V.  a.     I.    Consecrate,  sanctify,  dedicate, 

devote,  make  holy,  invest  with  solemnity. 
2.   Reverence,  honor,    respect,  venerate,   pay 

homage  to,  render  honor  to. 
Hallowed,  a.     Holy,  sacred,  blessed. 
Hallow-e'en,   )  «.    Eve  or  vigil  of  All-Saints,  the 
Hallow-even,  J      night  of  31st  October. 
Hallowmas,  n.     Feast  of  All-Souls. 
Hallowtide,  «.      Time  or  season  of  Hallowmas, 

season    of    All-Souls,    time    near  the    first    of 

November  or  All-Hallows. 
Hallucination,  n.      I.   Error,  blunder,  mistake, 

fallacy. 

2.  Illusion,  delusion,  self-deception,  phantasm, 
aberration. 

3.  (Med.)  Illusion  of  sense,  sensible  delusion, 
subjective  perception. 

Halo,  «.     I.    'Rmz{o/ light). 

2.  (Painting?)     Glory,  aureole. 
Halt,  V.  n.     I.   Stop,  hold,  stand  (still),  stop  short, 
pull  up,  come  to  a  stop. 
2.   Limp,  hobble,  walk  lamely. 
Halt,  a.     Lame,  crippled. 
Halt,  n.     I.   Stop,  standj  standstill. 

2.   Limp,  limping  gait. 
Halve,   V.  a.      I.    Divide  into  two  equal  parts, 
bisect. 
2.    Scarf  (as  timbers),  join  by  a  scarf. 
Hamadryad,   «.      Wood-nymph,    nymph    of  the 

woods. 
Hamate,  a.    (Bot.)    Hooked. 
Hamlet, «.     Small  village. 

Hammer,  v.  a.  I.  Forge,  shape  with  the  ham- 
mer, beat  out,  shape  by  beating. 
2.  Contrive,  excogitate,  invent,  work  out. 
Hammer  and  tongs.  {Colloquial  expression  used 
adverbially^  Strenuously,  vigorously,  earnestly, 
zealously,  resolutely,  energetically,  with  all  one's 
might,  with  might  and  main,  tooth  and  nail, 


HAMMER-FISH 


199 


HAPPY 


through  thick  and  thin,  through  fire  and  water, 
pugnis  et  calcibus. 
Hammer-fish,   n.      Balance-fish,    hammer-head, 
hammer-headed  shark  (Zygaiui  vulgaris). 

Hammer-head,  n.    See  Hammhr-fish. 
Hammock,  n.     Swinging  bed. 
Hamper,  n.     I.   Crate,  packing  basket. 

2.    Fetter,  shackle,  clog-cliain. 
Hamper,  v.  a.     Shackle,  fetter,  entangle,  clog,  en- 
cumber, restrain,  hinder,  impede,  clog. 
Hamstring,  v.  a.    Hough. 
Hand,  n.     I.    Palm  and  fingers. 

2.  Palm,  four  inches  {in  estimating  the  height 
of  a  horse),  hand-breadth. 

3.  Side  (right  or  left),  direction,  part. 

4.  Skill,  ability,  talent,  faculty,  dexterity. 

5.  Handiwork,  workmanship. 

6.  Mode  of  procedure,  course,  management. 

7.  Agency,  intervention,  participation,  share. 

8.  Possession,  control,  power. 

^  9.   Laborer,  workman,  operative,  artisan,  ar- 
tificer, craftsman,  employee. 

10.  Index,  pointer,  indicator. 

11.  Chirography,  handwriting,  style  of  penman- 
ship. 

12.  Handful,  bunch  {usually  of  five). 

Hand,  V.  a.      I.   Give  {with  the  hand),  transmit, 

present,  pass  by  hand. 
2.   Lead,  conduct,  guide. 
Hand  and  glove.      Very  intimate,  very  friendly, 

very  familiar. 
Handbook,  ».    Manual. 
Hand-breadth,  «.     Palm,  hand,  four  inches. 
Handcnff,  n.     Manacle,  hand-fetter. 
Handcuff,  v.  a.     Manacle. 
Hand  down.     Transmit  in  succession. 
Hand-fetter,  «.     Handcuff,  manacle. 
Handful,  n.     Maniple. 
Handicraft,  ».    Manual  occupation,  trade- 
Handicraftsman,  n.    Artisan,  mechanic,  artificer, 

workman,  hand,  craftsman. 
Hand  in  hand.     Conjointly,  unitedly,  in  union. 
Handiwork,  «.      Work,  workmanship,  manufac- 

tare.  hand. 
Handle,  v.  a.    I.  Touch,  feel,  feel  of,  take  in  the 

hand,  take  hold  of. 

2.  Manage,  use,  wield. 

3.  Treat,  discuss,  discourse  on,  treat  of. 

4.  Deal  with,  manage. 
Handle,  ».     I.   Haft,  stock,  helve. 

2.    Bail 
Handmaid,     )        »*  -j  ..  /•      , 

Handmaiden, }  '*'    Maid-senrant,  female  servant. 

Hands,  n.  pi.    See  Clutches. 

Handscrew,  n.    Jack. 

Handsel,  «.  [Written  also  Hattsel.'\  Earnest,  first 
receipts,  first-fruits,  first  gift,  beginning  of  fortune, 
gift  with  promise. 

Handsel,  v.  a.    [Written  also  Hansel.^     I.   Give 
a  handsel  or  earnest  to. 
2.   Use  for  the  first  time,  do  for  the  first  time. 

Hands  off.  Forbear,  desist,  keep  off,  don't  touch 
it,  let  it  alone. 

Handsome,  a.  I.  Comely,  well-formed,  well- 
proportioned,  stately,  fine-looking. 

2.  Graceful,  easy,  becoming,  appropriate. 

3.  Generous,  liberal,  disinterested,  noble,  mag- 
nanimous. 

4.  Ample,  sufficient,  plentiful,  large. 
Hand  to  hand.     In  close  fight. 
Handwriting,   «.      Hand,   chirography,   style  of 

penmanship. 
Handy,  a.      I.   Dexterous,  adroit,  ready,  expert, 
skilful,  skilled,  clever. 
2.   Convenient,  near,  at  hand,  close  at  hand. 
Hang,  V.  a.     I.   Suspend. 

2.   Execute  (iy  the  halter),  hang  by  the  neck. 


3.  Attach  {so  as  to  swing). 

4.  Incline  {the  head),   decline,  drop,   droop, 
bend  down,  let  droop. 

5.  Drape,  adorn  with  hangings. 

Hang,  V.  n.     I.    Depend,  dangle,  be  suspended. 

2.  Incline,  droop,  tend  downward. 

3.  Depend,  rely,  be  dependent. 

4.  Rest,  cling. 

5.  Be  held  in  fixed  attention. 

6.  Hover,  float,  play. 

Hang  hack.      Demur,  hesitate,  be  backward,  be 

reluctant. 
Hang-bird,   n.       Baltimore   oriole,    golden-robin 

{Icterus  Baltimore  or  Oriolus  Baltimore). 
Hang-dog,  n.    Mean,  base,  or  scurvy  fellow,  black- 
guard, bezonian. 
H£ag-dOg,  a.     Sneaking,  base,  low,  blackguard, 

villanous,  scurvy. 
Hanger-on,    ft.      Parasite,    dependant,    minion, 

vassal. 
Hang  fire.     Be  long  or  slow  in  discharging  {said 

of  a  gun). 
Hanging,  n.     I.   Suspension. 

2.   Death  by  the  halter,  death  on  the  gallows. 
Hangings,  «.  //.     Drapery,  tapestry. 
Hang  on.     I.   Rely  on,  depend  on,  wait  on,  dance 

attendance  on. 

2.  Continue,  last,  be  protracted. 

3.  Stick,  cling,  keep  hold,  hold  fast,  hold  on, 
stick  to. 

4.  Weigh  upon,  drag,  importune. 

5.  Stay,  rest,  reside,  continue,  remain. 

6.  Attend  admiringly,  regard  with  passionate 
admiration. 

Hang  one's  head.     Feel  ashamed,  take  shame  to 

one's  self,  hide  one's  face,  hide  one's  diminished 

head,  draw  in  one's  horns. 
Hang  ont.     Display. 
Hang  over.    I.    Project  at  top,  lean  over. 

2.   Threaten,  impend  over. 
Hang  together.     I.   Keep  united,  stick  together, 

hold  together. 
2.  {Colloq.)    Be  consistent  {as  the  parts  of  a 

story). 
Hang  up  one's  fiddle.     {Colloq.)    Quit  business, 

shut  up  shop,  give  up  one's  occupation. 
Hanker  after.     Covet,  long  for,  desire  ardently, 

have  a  strong  desire  for,  lust  after. 
Hankering,  n.     Longing,  craving,  strong  desire, 

burning  want. 
Hap,  n.      Chance,  fortune,  accident,  haphazard, 

luck,  casual  event. 
Haphazard,  n.     Chance,  hap. 
Hapless,  a.      Luckless,  unluckv,  unfortunate,  un- 
happy, wretched,  miserable,  ill-starred,  ill-fated. 
Haply,  ad.     Perhaps,  perchance,  possibly,  perad- 

venture  {archaic),  by  chance,  by  accident,  maybe, 

it  may  be,  as  luck  may  have  it,  as  it  may  turn  up, 

as  it  may  happen. 
Happen,  v.  n.    Chance,  occur,  befall,  betide,  come, 

take  place,  turn  up,  fall  out,  come  to  pass. 
Happily,  ad      I.    Luckily,  fortunately,  by  good 

fortune,  as  luck  would  have  it. 

2.  Successfully,      prosperously,      fortunately, 
agreeably,  delightfully,  in  a  happy  manner. 

3.  Gracefully,    dexterously,    skilfully,    felici- 
tously. 

Happiness,  «.  I.  Joy,  delight,  plea.sure,  gayety, 
iight-heartedness,  merriment,  cheerfulness,  bright- 
ness. 

2.    Felicity,  bliss,  beatitude,  blessedness,  en- 
joyment, welfare,  well-beinc,  prosperity. 

Happy,  a.  I.  Joyous,  ioyful,  light-hearted,  gay, 
merry,  cheerful,  blissful,  blessed,  blest. 

2.  Pleased,  gratified,  delighted,  rejoiced,  glad, 
gladdened,  charmed. 

3.  Lucky,  fortunate,  prosperous,  successful. 


HARANGUE 


200 


HARMFUL 


4.  Ready,  apt,  skilful,  adroit,  dexterous,  ex- 
pert, able. 

5.  Seasonable,  opportune,  befitting,  pertinent, 
felicitous,  well-timed. 

6.  Auspicious,  propitious,  favorable,  bright. 
Harangue,  n.     I.    Speech,  public  address,  popular 

oration,  formal  address. 

2.    Declamatory  speech,  bombastic  perform- 
ance, tirade,  screed. 
Harangue,  v.  n.    I.   Speak  to  a  large  assembly, 

make  a  formal  address. 
2.  Declaina,  spout,  make  a  declamatory  speech, 

indulge  in  a  tirade. 
Harangue,  v.  a.    Address,  make  an  harangue  to, 

make  a  formal  or  set  speech  to. 
Harass,  v.  a.     I.   Fatigue,  tire,  weary,  fag,  jade, 

exhaust,  tire  out. 
2.   Vex,  plague,  worry,  distress,  trouble,  molest, 

disturb,  harry,  annoy,  torment,  keep  in  alarm, 

keep  assaulting,  drive  from  pillar  to  post. 
Harbinger,  «.     Forerunner,  precursor,  herald. 
Harl>or,   «.      I.    Asylum,   refuge,   shelter,   cover, 

sanctuary,  retreat,  resting-place,  place  of  shelter. 
2.   Port,  haven,  harbor,  destination. 
Harl}or,  v.  n.    Take  shelter,  find  a  harbor,  keep 

in  harbor. 
Harbor,  v.  a.     I.    Shelter,  lodge,  protect. 

2.  Entertain,  cherish,  indulge,  foster. 

3.  {Law.)    Secrete,  receive  clandestinely. 
Hard,  a.     I.    Firm,  solid,  compact,  impenetrable, 

unyielding,  rigid. 

2.  Difficult,  embarrassing,  perplexing,  puz- 
zling, knotty,  intricate,  understood  with  diffi- 
culty. 

3.  Laborious,  arduous,  toilsome,  fatiguing, 
wearying. 

4.  Unfeeling,  unkind,  insensible,  unsuscepti- 
ble, cruel,  oppressive,  rigorous,  exacting,  severe, 
unyielding,  inflexible,  callous,  obdurate,  hard- 
hearted, unfeeling,  unsympathetic. 

5.  Grievous,  distressing,  calamitous,  painful, 
disagreeable,  unpleasant. 

6.  Inclement,  stormy,  tempestuous,  cold, 
severe. 

7.  Harsh,  rough,  sour,  acid. 

8.  Coarse,  unpalatable. 

9.  Unfavorable,  unprosperous,  unpropitious. 

10.  Stiff,  constrained,  forced,  unnatural,  un- 
graceful, rigid. 

11.  Excessive,  intemperate. 
Hard,  ad.     I.   Close,  near. 

2.  Laboriously,  diligently,  earnestly,  inces- 
santly, energetically. 

3.  With  difficulty,  not  easily. 

4.  Distressfully,  painfully,  severely,  rigorously. 

5.  Vehemently,  forcibly,  violently. 
Hard-a-lee,  ad.     {Naut. )    Close  to  the  lee  side. 
Hard-a-port,  ad.    {Naut. )    Close  to  the  larboard 

side. 

Hard-a-Starboard,  «</.  (IVaui.)  Close  to  the  star- 
board side. 

Hard-a-weather,  ad.  (Naut.)  Close  to  the  wind- 
ward side. 

Hard  biscuit.    Cracker. 

Hard  by.    Close  by,  very  near. 

Hard  coal.  Anthracite,  glance-coal,  blind-coal, 
stone-coal,  culm. 

Harden,  v.  a.  I.  Indurate,  make  hard,  make 
callous. 

2.  Habituate,  inure,  season,  accustom,  form, 
train,  discipline. 

3.  Strengthen,  fortify,  steel,  nerve,  brace 

4.  Sear,  make  callous,  render  insensible  or 
unimpressible,  make  unfeeling. 

5.  Make  obdurate,  confirm  m  wickedness. 
Harden,  v.  n.     Grow  or  become  hard,  indurate. 
Hardened,  v.  a.    I.   Indurated,  made  hard. 


2.  Confirmed,  inured,  accustomed,  habituated, 
seasoned,  trained. 

3.  Deadened,   seared,   steeled,  unfeeling,  be- 
numbed, callous,  insensible. 

4.  Depraved,  reprobate,  obdurate,  impenitent, 
lost,  abandoned,  incorrigible,  irreclaimable. 

Hard-favored,    \a.      Ugly,   ill-favored,    homely, 

Hard -featured,  J  ill-lookmg,  hard-visaged,  of 
coarse  features. 

Hard-fisted,  a.      I.     Avaricious,  covetous,  nig- 
gardly,  sordid,   stingy,  mercenary,  mean,  close- 
fisted,  illiberal,  ungenerous. 
2.   Stout-fisted,  hard-handed,  horny-handed. 

Hardback,  «.    Steeple-bush  {Spircea  tomentosa). 

Hard-banded,  a.    I.    Hard-fisted,  horny-handed, 
stout-handed. 
2.    Severe,  rigorous,  high-handed,  oppressive. 

Hardbead,  «.  I.  Menhaden,  pauhaugen,  moss- 
bunker. 

2.  Knapweed  {Centaurea  nigra). 

3.  Head-butting,  clash  of  heads. 
Hard-beaded,  a.      Shrewd,  sagacious,  intelligent 

and  firm,   not  to  be  imposed   upon,  of  strong 
sense,  cool,  collected,  well-balanced. 

Hard-bearted,  «•  Cruel,  unfeeling,  merciless, 
unmerciful,  uncompassionate,  unpitying,  ruth- 
less, fell,  pitiless,  relentless,  unrelenting,  inex- 
orable, implacable,  barbarous,  savage,  ferocious, 
inhuman. 

Hardihood,  «.     I.   Firmness,  fortitude,  resolution, 
pluck,  mettle,  manhood,  courage,  bravery,  intre- 
pidity, boldness,  audacity,  determination,  resolu- 
tion, decision. 
2.    Effrontery,  audacity,  assurance,  brass. 

Hardly,  ad.     I.    Scarcely,  barely,  but  just. 

2.    Severely,    rigorously,     unkindly,     cruelly, 
roughly. 

Hardness,  «•  I.  Firmness,  solidity,  compactness, 
impenetrability. 

2.  Difficulty,  perplexity,  perplexing  character 
or  nature. 

3.  Scarcity,  penury,  poverty,  severity,  rigor, 
narrowness. 

4.  Hardship,  suffering,  tribulation,  trial. 
Hards,  n.  pi.    Tow,  refuse  flax. 
Hardship,  «.     I.   Toil,  fatigue,  weariness. 

2.   Grievance,  suffering,  trial,  affliction,  calam- 
ity, misfortune,  trouble,  burden,  hardness. 

Hard-visaged,  a.  Ugly,  homely,  hard-favored, 
hard-featured,  ill-favored,  ill-looking,  of  coarse 
features. 

Hardy,  a.  I.  Bold,  intrepid,  resolute,  brave,  dar- 
ing, valiant,  heroic,  manly,  courageous,  stout- 
hearted. 

2.   Strong,  robust,  firm,  stout,  lusty,  rigorous, 
healthy,  hearty,  hale,  sound. 

Hare-brained,  a.  Rash,  reckless,  headlong, 
heedless,  careless,  wild,  unsteady,  giddy,  volatile, 
flighty,  giddy-brained,  harum-scarum. 

Harfang,  «.  Hawk-owl  {Surnea  nyctea  or  Strix 
nyctea),  Canada  owl. 

Hariff,  «•  Cleavers,  goose-grass,  catch-weed, 
scratch-weed  {Galium  aparine). 

Hark,  interj.  Hear,  listen,  give  ear,  attend, 
hearken. 

Harlequin,  «.  Buffoon,  jester,  droll,  merry-andrew, 
punch,  clown,  zany,  scaramouch,  fool,  antic,  jack- 
pudding,  pickle-herring. 

Harlequinade,  «.  Masking,  mummery,  masquer- 
ade, buffoonery,  foolery,  tomfoolery. 

Harlot,  n.     Whore.     See  Strumpet. 

Harm,  ».      I.    Injury,  hurt,  detriment,  mischief, 
damage,  prejudice,  disadvantage. 
2.   Evil,  wrong,  criminality,  wickedness. 

Harm,  v.  a.     I.  Injure,  hurt,  damage,  do  harm  to. 
2.   Maltreat,  molest,  abuse,  ill-use,  ill-treat. 

Harmful,  a.     Injurious,  detrimental,  mischievous^ 


HARMLESS 


201 


HATRED 


pernicious,  deleterious,  noxious,  baneful,  preju- 
dicial, disadvantageous,  hurtful. 
BarmlesSt  a.     I.    lunoxlous,  innocuous,  not  hurt- 
ful, innocent' 

2.  Inoffensive,  unoflfending,  innocent. 

3.  Uninjured,  unhurt,  unharmed,  unscathed, 
undamaged. 

Harmonic,      \a.       I.    Harmonious,    concordant, 
Harmoilical,  f      consonant. 

2.  Melodious,  tuneful,  musical. 

3.  Pertaining  to  harmony,  relating  to  music, 
musical. 

Harmonious,  a.  I.  Concordant,  harmonic,  conso- 
nant. 

2.  Melodious,  tuneful,  musical,  dulcet,  mellif- 
luous. 

3.  Correspondent,  consistent,  congruent,  sym- 
metrical. 

4.  Friendly,  amicable,  cordial,  brotherly, 
fraternal,  neighborly. 

Harmonize,  v.  a.     I.   Make  harmonious,  recon- 
cile, adjust  to  each  other. 
2.  (Mus.)    Set  accompanying  parts  to. 

Harmonize,  v.  n.  Accord,  agree,  correspond, 
chime,  comport,  tally,  square,  quadrate,  cohere, 
be  in  unison,  be  harmonious. 

HarmDny,  «.  I.  Concord  {especially  of  sounds 
or  tones),  accord,  accordance,  consonance,  con- 
cordance, unison,  agreement,  chime. 

2.  Adaptation,  correspondence,  consistency, 
congruity,  congruence,  fitness,  suitableness. 

3.  Peace,  amity,  friendship,  kind  feeling,  good 
understanding. 

Harmotome,  n.     Cross-stone,  staurolite. 
Harness,  n.     I.   Tackling,  tackle,  gear. 

2.  Accoutrements,  armor,  array,  mail. 

3.  Mounting  (of  a  loom). 
Harness,  v.  a.    Tackle,  put  in  harness. 
Harp,  n.     Lyre. 

Harp,    V.    n.    I.  Play   on  the  harp,   strike  the 

lyre. 
2.   Dwell  (Jediously). 
Harpin?,  n.     I.    Harp-music. 

2.   Dwelling,  repetition,  iteration,  reiteration. 
Harplng-iron,  «.     Harpoon. 
Harpoon,  «.     Harping-iron. 
Harpooneer,  «.     Harpooner. 
Harpooner,  «.     Harpooneer. 
Harpseal,    «.      Greenland    seal    (Phoca    Green- 

landica). 
Earify,n.    I.  (Mythol)   Defiling  monster,  —  half 

bird,  half  woman. 

2.  Duck-hawk,  marsh-harrier,  moor-buzzard, 
{Circus  ceruginosus). 

3.  Extortioner,  sharper,  plunderer. 
Harrow,  v.  a.     I.   Draw  a  narrow  over,  till  with 

a  harrow. 

2.   Lacerate,  tear,  rend,  wound,  torment,  tor- 
ture, harass. 
Harry,  v.  a.     I.   Pillage,  plunder,  rob,  raid. 

2.    Worry,   annoy,   molest,    plague,    torment, 
trouble,  tease,  vex,  harass,  fret,  gall,  chafe,  in- 
commode, disturb,  harrow. 
Harsh,  a.     I.    Rough. 

2.  Sour,  acrid,  tart,  crabbed,  hard,  biting, 
sharp,  caustic,  corrosive. 

3.  Grating,  discordant,  jarring. 

4.  Crabbed,  morose,  stern,  severe,  austere, 
acrimonious,  ill-tempered,  hard,  ill-natured,  sour, 
unkind,  unfeeling. 

5.  Rude,  uncivil,  bluff,  blunt,  gruff",  ungracious, 
churlish,  bearish,  brutal. 

Harsliness,  «.     I.    Roughness. 

2.  .\usterity,  rigor,  severity,  sternness,  crab- 
bednes.s,  moroseness,  churlishness,  ill-temper, 
asperity,  ill-nature,  hardness,  unkindness,  acer- 
bity. 


3.  Rudeness,  incivility,  bluntness,  bluffness, 
ungraciousness,  churlishness,  grufifness. 

Hart,  n.     Stag,  male  red  deer. 

Hartsliom,  n.  Carbonate  of  ammonia  (in  solu- 
tion), spirits  of  hartshorn,  liquid  ammonia. 

Harum-scarum,  a.  {Collog.)  Volatile,  rash,  pre- 
cipitate, wild.     See  Hark-brained. 

Hariispice,  «.     Diviner.    See  Soothsayer. 

Harvest,  n.  I.  Ingathering,  harvesting,  harvest- 
time. 

2.  Produce,  crops. 

3.  Effect,  product,  result,  consequence. 
Harvest,  v.  a.     Gather  in,  reap. 
Harvest-fly,  «.      Locust  {popularly  but  errotie- 

ously  so  called)- 
Harvest-man,   «■      I.    Laborer  in   the  harvest, 
harvester,  mower,  reaper. 

2.    Father-long-legs,    daddy-long-legs,    shep- 
herd-spider. 
Hasll,  V.  a.     Mince,  chop. 

Hash,  «.     Minced  meat,  hashed  meat,  hash-meat. 
Hasp,  n.     I.   Clasp  (to  be  put  over  a  staple). 
2.    Hook. 

flSSted,}''-     ^^"'-^    Spear-shaped. 

Haste,  n.  I.  Despatch,  promptitude,  quickness, 
expedition,  celerity,  speed. 

2.  Hurry,  precipitance,  precipitation,  vehe- 
mence. 

Haste,  V.  n.     Hasten,  be  quick,  make  haste. 

Hasten,  v.  n.  Haste,  hurry,  move  quickly,  move 
speedily,  be  quick,  be  in  a  hurry,  make  haste, 
mend  one's  pace,  lose  no  time,  lose  not  a  moment, 
make  the  best  of  one's  way,  wing  one's  way,  crowd 
sail,  clap  spurs  to  one's  horse. 

Hasten,  v.  a.  Expedite,  despatch,  speed,  accel- 
erate, quicken,  precipitate,  press  on,  urge  on, 
urge  forward,  push  forward,  bring  speedily,  bring 
on  quickly. 

Hasty,  a.  I.  Quick,  swift,  rapid,  fleet,  speedy, 
fast,  brisk. 

2.  Cursory,  slight,  hurried,  rapid,  superficial. 

3.  Rash,  ^  precipitate,  headlong,  reckless, 
thoughtless,  indiscreet. 

4.  Passionate,  irritable,  touchy,  testy,  pettish, 
waspish,  petulant,  peevish,  fretful,  fiery,  choleric, 
irascible,  excitable,  hot,  peppery. 

Hat,  «.     I.    Head-cover. 

2.   Cardinal's  office,  dignity  of  a  cardinal. 
Hatch,  V.  a.     I.    Breed  {from  eg-gs). 

2.  Quicken  (by  incubation  or  by  heat). 

3.  Concoct,  devise,  plan,  contrive,  plot,  design, 
scheme,  project,  brew,  lay  out,  excogitate,  think 
out. 

Hatch,  n.    I.   Brood. 

2.  Hatchway. 

3.  Hatchway-grating. 
Hatchel,  V.  a.     Hackle,  dress  {flax). 
Hatcher,  n.     I.    Incubator. 

2.  Contriver,  projector,  deviser,  concocter, 
planner,  plotter. 

Hatchet,  n.     Small  axe. 

Hatchway,  «.     Hatch. 

Hate,  V.  a.  I.  Bear  malice  to,  owe  a  grudee  to, 
keep  a  grudge  against,  be  hostile  to,  dislike  in- 
tensely, bear  deadly  malice  to. 

2.  Abhor,  abominate,  loathe,  nauseate,  shrink 
from,  recoil  from      See  Detest. 

Hate,  n.  Hatred,  detestation,  animosity,  enmity, 
hostility,  antipathy. 

Hateful,  a.     I.    Malignant,  malevolent,  malipn. 

2.  Abominable,  detestable,  execrable,  odious, 
abhorrent,  horrid,  shocking,  damnable,  accursed. 

3.  Loathsome,  disgusting,  nauseous,  offensive, 
foul,  repulsive,  obnoxious,  revolting,  vile,  abhor- 
rent, repugnant. 

Hatred,  ».     I.    Hate,  enmity,  hostility,  disaffec- 


HATTOCK 


202 


HEADLONG 


tion,  disfavor,  alienation,  estrangement,  odium, 
animosity,  ill-will,  great  dislike. 

2.   Abhorrence,  detestation,  abomination,  hor- 
ror, loathing,  disgust,  antipathy,  repugnance. 

Hattock,  «.     Shock  {of  corn),  stook. 

Haaghtiness,  «.  Arrogance,  disdain,  supercilious- 
ness, contempt,  contemptuousness,  pride,  lofti- 
ness, hauteur. 

Eaugllty»  a.  Arrogant,  disdainful,  supercilious, 
assuming,  proud,  lofty,  contemptuous. 

Eanl,  V.  a.  Drag,  draw,  pull,  tug,  tow,  lug,  trail, 
take  in  tow. 

Hani,  »•    I.  Pull,  tug. 

2.   Draught. 

Haunch,  n.    Hip. 

Hannt,  v.  a.     I.   Freguent,  resort  to. 

2.  Hang  upon,    importune,    follow   importu- 
nately. 

3.  Inhabit,  hover  about,  frequent  {as  a  spectre 
ox  ghost). 

Hannt,  «.     Retreat,  resort,  den,  frequented  place. 

Hautboy,  n.    oboe. 

Hauteur,  «.  [Fr.]  Haughtiness,  arrogance,  lofti- 
ness, disdain,  contempt,  contemptuousness, 
superciliousness,  pride,  self-importance. 

Have,  V.  a.  I.  Hold  {whether  oner's  own  or  not), 
be  in  actual  possession  oL 

2.  Possess,  own,  be  in  possession  of,  be  seized 
of. 

3.  Be  favored  with. 

4.  Be  the  subject  of. 

5.  Regard,  consider,  esteem. 

6.  Require,  wish,  desire. 

7.  Obtain,  acquire,  receive,  get,  gain. 

8.  Be  obliged,  be  under  the  necessity. 

9.  Accept  {as  husband  or  as  wife),  take. 
10.   Bear,  bring  forth,  be  delivered  of. 

Have  a  1)ee  in  the  head.    Be  a  little  crazy,  be 

cracked. 

Have  a  finger  in.  Have  a  share  in,  be  concerned 
in,  have  a  hand  in. 

Have  a  hand  in.  Be  concerned  in,  have  a  share 
in,  have  a  finger  in. 

Have  an  eye  to.  Pay  particular  attention  to,  have 
especial  regard  to,  not  overlook,  not  lose  sight  of, 
aim  at. 

Have  at  heart.  Be  deeply  interested  in,  be  spe- 
cially anxious  about. 

Have  done  with.  Have  no  further  concern  with, 
be  through  with,  have  ceased  to  be  concerned 
with,  give  up,  give  over,  abandon,  let  alone. 

Have  in  hand.     Be  engaged  upon. 

Haven,  «.     I.    Harbor,  port. 

2.   Shelter,  asylum,  place  of  safety,  harbor. 

Have  on.    Wear. 

Have  one's  hands  full.  Have  much  to  do,  be 
very  busy,  have  much  upon  one's  hands,  be  under 
a  press  of  business. 

Have  on  the  hip.  {Colloq.)  Conquer,  subdue, 
vanquish,  defeat,  overcome,  overthrow,  over- 
power, get  the  better  of,  prevail  over,  get  the 
upper  hand  of,  get  the  whip  hand  of. 

Have  to  do  with.  Concern  one's  self  with,  have 
concern  with,  deal  with. 

Havoc,   «.     I.   Ravage,  devastation,  destruction, 
desolation,  waste,  ruin. 
2.   Carnage,  slaughter,  destruction  of  life. 

Haw,  V.  n.  Hesitate  {in  speaking),  stammer, 
stutter,  falter,  hem  and  haw. 

Hawfinch,  ».  Grossbeak  (Coccothraustes  vul- 
garis). 

Hawk,  n.    Falcon. 

Hawk,  V.  a.  Cry,  sell  by  outcry,  carry  about  for 
sale. 

Hawk-eyed,  a.  I.  Sharp-sighted,  quick-sighted, 
keen-eyed,  eagle-eyed,  lynx-eyed,  Argus- 
eyed. 


2.  Discerning,  penetrating,  astute,  sagacious, 
keen. 

Hawk-moth,  «.     Death's  head  moth. 

Hawk-nut,  «.     Ground-nut. 

Hawk-owl,  n.    Canada  owl.     See  Harfang. 

Hawthorn,  «.  Whitethorn,  haythorn  {Crattsgus 
oxyacantha). 

Hayhird,  «.     Spotted  fly-catcher. 

Haycock,  «.     Hayrick,  haystack. 

HaymaidS,  n.     Gill,  ground-ivy,  alehoof 

Hazard,  n.     I.   Chance,  casualty,  accident,  fortu- 
itous event. 
2.   Danger,  peril,  risk,  jeopardy. 

Hazard,  v.  a.     I.   Venture,  adventure,  risk. 

2.  Jeopard,  peril,  imperil,  endanger,  put  in 
danger,  put  at  hazard. 

Hazardous,  a.  Dangerous,  perilous,  unsafe, 
fraught  with  danger,  full  of  risk. 

Haze,  n.     I.   Fog,  mist. 
2.  Obscurity,  dimness. 

Hazel,  «.     Corylus. 

Hazel,  a.     Light  brown. 

Hazy,  a.     Foggy,  misty. 

Head,  «.  I.  Seat  of  the  brain,  head-piece,  noddle 
(m  humorous  ridicule). 

2.  Top,  summit,  upper  part,  acme. 

3.  Fore  part,  front  part,  front. 

4.  Commencement,  beginning,  rise,  source, 
origin. 

5.  Chief  part,  principal  part. 

6.  Person,  individual. 

7.  Chief,  chieftain,  leader,  principal,  com- 
mander, master,  director,  superintendent,  cory- 
phaeus. 

8.  First  place,  place  of  honor. 

9.  Understanding,  intellect,  mind,  thought. 

10.  Topic,  subject. 

11.  Class,   division,  section,  department,  cate- 
gory. 

12.  Height  (o/ water  applicable  to  the  driving 
of  a  water-wheel). 

13.  {Arch.)    Capital. 

Head,  a.  I.  Chief,  principal,  highest,  first,  lead- 
ing, main,  grand. 

2.  {Naut)  Adverse  {said  of  the  wind),  con- 
trary. 

Head,  v.  a.  I.  Lead,  direct,  command,  govern, 
rule. 

2.  Put  a  head  on,  fit  with  a  head. 

3.  Get  in  front  of  {in  order  to  stop\  intercept, 
head  off. 

Head,  v.  n.     I.    Form  a  head  {said  o_f  a  plant). 
2.  Tend,    be    pointed,  be  directed,  aim,  be 
aimed. 
Headache,  n.     Cephalalgy. 
Head  and  ears.     Completely,  entirely,  wholly. 
Head  and  shoulders.     I.   Violently,  by  force. 

2.   By  far,  by  a  great  deal,  by  the  height  of 
head  and  shoulders. 
Head-dress,  «.     Coiffure. 

Head-foremost,  ad.  I.  With  the  head  first,  heels 
over  head. 

2.   Rashly,    hastily,    precipitately,    headlong, 
heels  over  head. 
Headiness,  «.     I.   Rashness,  hurry,  precipitation. 
2.   Obstinacy,  stubbornness. 

Heading,  n.    Title. 

Headland,  ».     Promontory,  cape,  foreland. 

Headless,  a.     I.  Acephalous. 

2.  Beheaded. 

3.  Imprudent,  senseless,  rash,  obstinate,  stub- 
bom,  heady.    See  Headstrong. 

Headlong,  a.  I.  Rash,  inconsiderate,  hasty, 
heady,  reckless,  thoughtless,  impulsive,  perilous, 
dangerous,  ruinous,  precipitate. 

2.  Rushing  precipitately,  wildly  tumbling. 

3.  Steep,  precipitous,  sheer. 


HEADLONG 


203 


HEART-SHAPED 


Beadlons:,  ad.  I.  Rashly,  hastily,  precipitately, 
head-foremost,  thoughtlessly,  without  dexibera- 
tion. 

2.  Hastily,  hurriedly,  without  pause,  without 
respite. 

3.  At  a  rush,  hurriedly,  full  tilt,  helter-skelter, 
pell-mell,  hurry-skurry. 

4.  Prone,  head-toremost,  heels  over  head,  on 
one's  head,  sheer  downward. 

Head-master,  ».  Principal  {of  a  school). 
Head-money,  n.  Poll-tax,  capitation-tax. 
Head  off.    Intercept,  head,  get  before,   prevent, 

stop. 
Head-piece,  n.   I.  Helmet,  helm,  morion,  casque, 

armor  for  the  head. 

2.  Head,  brain,  seat  of  understanding,  under- 
standing. 

3.  {Printing.)    Ornament  at  the  heading. 
Headsman,  «.     Executioner. 

Headstone,  ».    I.   Comer-stone. 
2.   Gravestone. 

Headstrong,  a.  Stubborn,  obstinate,  dogged,  vio- 
lent, ungovernable,  unruly,  intractable,  heady, 
headless,  self-willed,  cross-grained,  cantankerous, 
froward. 

Head-voice,  «.    Falsetto. 

Head-work,  «.  Mental  labor,  intellectual  labor, 
brain-work. 

Heady,  a.  I.  Rash,  impetuous,  hasty,  precipitate, 
inconsiderate,  reckless,  thoughtless,  impulsive. 

2.  Stubborn.     See  Headstrong. 

3.  Inflaming,    intoxicating,    exciting,    strong, 
highly  spirituous,  apt  to  affect  the  head. 

4.  Violent,  impetuous,  rushing,  headlong. 
Heal,  V.  a.    I.   Cure,  remedy,  restore,  make  sound 

or  whole. 

2.   Reconcile,  compose,  soothe,  settle,  harmo- 
nize, make  up. 

Heal,  V.  n.     Be  cured,  become  sound,  get  well. 

Heald,  n.    Heddle. 

Healing:,  a.  I.  Sanative,  curative,  restoring, 
restorative. 

2.   Mild,  composing,  lenitive,  assuasive,  gentle, 
soothing,  assuaging,  comforting. 

Health,  n.  Soundness,  freedom  from  disease,  hale 
condition. 

HealtMul,  a.  I.  Full  of  health,  healthy,  sound, 
hale,  hearty,  in  the  enjoyment  of  health,  marked 
by  health,  coming  of  health. 

2.  Wholesome,  salubrious,    salutary,    health- 
giving,  healthy. 

Health-giving,  a.  Wholesome.  See  Health- 
ful. 

Healthy,  a.  I.  Sound,  hale,  hearty,  vigorous, 
strong,  of  good  health,  of  a  sound  constitution. 

2.  Well,  in  good  health,  in  a  sound  condition, 
in  good  case. 

3.  Wholesome,  salubrious,  salutary,  healthful, 
bracing,  invigorating,  health-giving. 

Heap,  n.     I.   Pile,  mass,  collection,  accumulation. 
2.  Great  quantity,  large  amount,  lot,  abun- 
dance. 
Heap,  V.  a.     I.   Pile,  lay  in  a  heap,  throw  into  a 
heap. 
2.  Amass,  accumulate,  heap  up. 
Heap  up.     Amass,  heap,  accumulate. 
Hear,  v.  a.     I.    Perceive  by  the  ear. 

2.  Give    audience    to,    listen    to,    attend    to, 
hearken  to. 

3.  Regard,  heed,  give  heed  to. 

4.  Try,  examine  judicially. 

Hear,  v.  n.  I.  Enjoy  the  sense  of  hearing,  exer- 
cise the  sense  of  hearing,  have  hearing. 

2.  Listen,  hearken,  attend,  give  ear. 

3.  Be  told,   be  informed,  have  an    account, 
learn. 

Hearing,  n.    I.  Sense  of  hearing. 


2.  Audience,  opportunity  to  be  heard. 

3.  Trial,  judicial  examination. 

4.  Hearing  distance. 
Hearken,  v.  n.     I.    Listen,  hear. 

2.   Attend,  give  heed,  pay  regard. 
Hearsay,  «.     Rumor,  report,  fame,  bruit,  common 

talk,  town  talk. 
Heart,  ».     I.  Seat  of  life,  centre  of  circulation, 

organ  of  circulation. 

2.  Centre,  interior,  core,  kernel,  essence,  inner 
part,  vital  part. 

3.  Disposition,  mind,  will,  inclination,  purpose, 
intent,  affection,  passion. 

4.  Courage,  spirit,  firmness,  fortitude,  resolu- 
tion. 

5.  Love,  affections,  feeling,  emotion,  seat  of 
affection  or  love,  seat  of  feeling  or  passion. 

6.  Conscience,  moral  nature,  sense  of  good 
and  ill,  moral  feeling,  seat  of  character,  character, 
seat  of  moral  life. 

Heartache,  n.  Grief,  sorrow,  distress,  anguish, 
af&iction,  woe,  bitterness,  dole,  heartbreak, 
broken  heart,  heavy  heart,  bleeding  heart. 

Heart-hroken,  a.  Disconsolate,  inconsolable, 
woe-begone,  forlorn,  miserable,  wretched,  deso- 
late, cheerless,  comfortless,  broken-hearted,  in 
despair. 

Heartburn,  ».  Cardialgia,  cardialgy,  water-brash, 
water-qualm,  pyrosis. 

Heart-burning,  ».     I.  Grudge,  envy,  resentment, 
spleen,  gall,   rankling,  animosity,  secret  enmity. 
2.    Sense  of  wrong,  suppressed  anger,  feeling 
of  injury,   inward  pain,   dissatisfaction,   discon- 
tent, unhappiness. 

Hearten,  v.  a.  Encourage,  embolden,  animate, 
inspirit,  enhearten,  heart,  cheer,  incite,  stimulate, 
assure,  reassure,  comfort,  console,  buoy  up. 

Heartfelt,  a.  Deep,  profound,  hearty,  sincere, 
cordial,  deep-felt,  home-felt. 

Heart-free,  a.  Free  from  love,  fancy-free,  dis- 
engaged in  the  affections,  free  at  heart,  heart- 
whole. 

Hearth,  n,  I.  Hearthstone,  fireplace,  bottom  of 
fireplace. 

2.  Fireside,  home,  hearthstone,  domestic 
circle. 

Hearthstone,  «.     I.  Hearth,  fireplace,  bottom  of 
fireplace. 
2.    Fireside,  home,  domestic  circle. 

Heartily,  ad.  I.  Sincerely,  cordially,  from  the 
heart,  with  all  the  heart. 

2.  Vigorously,  earnestly,  eagerly,  ardently, 
warmly,  zealously,  with  ardor,  with  zeal,  with 
resolution. 

3.  With  good  appetite,  freely,  largely. 
Heartless,  a.     I.    unfeeling,  cruel,  pitiless,  merci- 
less, hard,  harsh,  brutal. 

2.  Spiritless,  timid,  timorous,  uncourageous, 
destitute  of  spirit  or  courage. 

3.  Without  a  heart,  robbed  of  one's  heart, 
stripped  of  one's  affections. 

Heart-quake,  «.  Trembling  of  heart,  alarm, 
terror,  fear,  affright. 

Heart-rending,  a.  Heart-breaking,  nguishing, 
deeply  afflicting,  most  distressing,  piteous,  affect- 
ing, crushing. 

Heart-rising,  n.  Opposition,  resistance,  rebel- 
lion, revolt. 

Heart-robbing,  a.  I.  Stealing  the  heart,  win- 
ning, winsome,  enamouring. 

2.  Crushing  thought,  transporting,  rapturous, 
ravishing,  enrapturing,  enravishing,  ecstatic,  en- 
trancing, that  carries  one  beside  one's  self. 

Heart'S-ease,  «.    I.  {Bof)   Vdia^y  {Viola  tricolor). 
2.  Ease  of  heart,    peace   of  mind,  tranquil- 
litv. 

Heart-ahaped,  a.    Cordate. 


HEART-STIRRING 


204 


HEDONISM 


Heart-Stlrrillg,  a.  inspiring,  animating,  rousing 
the  courage,  waking  aspiration. 

Hearty,  a.  I.  Earnest,  warm,  cordial,  sincere, 
true,  deep,  profound,  deep-felt,  heartfelt,  un- 
feigned. 

2.  Zealous,  active,  earnest,  warm,  vigorous, 
energetic,  animated. 

3.  Healthy,  hale,  sound,  strong,  well,  robust, 
in  good  health. 

4.  Abundant,  full,  heavy. 

5.  Nourishing,  rich,  nutritious,  full  of  nutri- 
ment. 

Heat,  ».    I.  Caloric. 

2.  Warmth. 

3.  Degree  of  temperature. 

4.  Excitement,  flush,  vehemence,  impetuosity, 
violence,  passion,  fever. 

5.  Ardor,  earnestness,  fervor,  zeal. 

6.  Contest,  struggle,  race. 
Heat,  V.  a.     I.   Make  hot. 

2.  Excite,  flush,  make  feverish. 

3.  Warm,  animate,  rouse,  stir,  stimulate. 
Heath,  «.     I.  Heather,  ling  {Calluna  vulgaris). 

2.  Field  covered  with  heather,  heathery  field. 

3.  Shrubby  field  or  plain. 

Heath-cock,  «.     Black-grouse,  black-game,  black- 
cock {Tetrao  tetrix). 
Heathen,  «.     Gentile,  pagan. 
Heathen,  a.    See  Heathenish. 
Heathenish,  a.     I.   Heathen,  pagan.  Gentile. 

2.   Barbarous,  savage,  cruel,  mhuman. 
Heathenism,  n.     I.   Paganism,  Gentilism. 

2.   Barbarism,  savagery,  cruelty,   inhumanity, 
heathenishness. 
Heather,  «.     Hs^th,  ling  (Callufiavulgaru). 
Heathery,  a.    Heathy. 

Heath-game,  «.    Grouse.    See  Heath-cock. 
Heathy,  a.     Heathery. 
Heating,  a.    I.  Calorific,  heat-producing,  warming. 

2.   Stimulating,  exciting.     See  Heady,  3. 
Heat-producing,  a.    See  Heating,  i. 
Heave,  v.  a.     I.    Lift,  hoist,  raise,  elevate,  raise 
up. 

2.  Breathe,  force  from  the  breast,  raise, 
exhale. 

3.  Throw,  toss,  hurl,  send,  fling. 

Heave,  z/.».    i.  Pant. 

2.  Swell,  dilate,  expand. 

3.  Retch,  keck,  try  to  vomit. 

4.  Struggle,  strive,  make  an  effort. 
Heave,  «.     I.   Swell,  rising,  swelling,  heaving. 

2.  Retching,  effort  to  vomit. 

3.  Struggle,  striving,  effort. 

4.  Fling,  throw. 

Heave  in  sight.  {Naut.)  Appear,  come  in  sight, 
become  visible,  come  into  view,  open  to  the 
view. 

Heaven,    «.     I.   Firmament,    sky,    welkin,    em- 

Eyrean,  celestial  sphere,  starry  heaven,  vault  of 
eaven,  canopy  of  heaven. 

2.  Paradise,  Elysium,  bliss,  abodes  of  bliss, 
the  Eternal  Rest,  our  eternal  home,  our  Father's 
house,  Abraham's  bosom,  the  Divine  abode, 
God's  dwelling-place,  the  house  not  built  with 
hands,  the  New  Jerusalem,  the  city  of  our  God, 
the  abode  of  saints,  abode  of  the  blessed. 

3.  God,  Jehovah,  the  Lord.     See  God. 

4.  Exalted  state,  state  of  bliss,  great  felicity, 
supreme  happiness,  ecstasy,  transport,  rapture, 
transcendent  delight,  Paradise,  Elysium. 

Heavenly,  a.  I.  Celestial,  of  the  firmament,  of 
the  visible  heavens. 

2.  Divine,  angelic,  seraphic,  cherubic,  god- 
like, celestial,  blest,  saintly,  sainted,  holy,  beati- 
fied, beatific,  glorified. 

3.  Enrapturing,  ravishing,  rapturous,  enrav- 
ishing,  ecstatic,  transporting,  delightful,  celestial,  ' 


divine,  angelic,  seraphic,  blissful,  glorious,  golden, 

beatific. 
Heavenly-minded,  a.     Devout,  pious,   religious, 

godly,     reverent,     spiritually-minded,      sainted, 

saintly. 
Heaviness,  «.    I.   Gravity,  weight,  ponderousness. 

2.  Oppressiveness,  grievousness,  severity. 

3.  Languor,    dulness,  stupidity,  sluggishness. 

4.  Dejection,  depression,  sadness,  melan- 
choly, despondency,  gloom,  low  spirits,  depres- 
sion of  spirits. 

Heaving,  «.     I.   Panting. 

2.   Swell,  rising,  swelling,  heave. 
Heavy,  a.     I.   Weighty  {with  reference  to  one's 
strength),  ponderous,  hard  or  difficult  to  lift. 

2.  Oppressive,  grievous,  severe,  burdensome, 
cumbersome,  afflictive. 

3.  Dull,  sluggish,  inert,  inactive,  dilatory, 
stupid,  torpid,  indolent,  slow,  lifeless,  inani- 
mate. 

4.  Dejected,  depressed,  sorrowful,  sad,  gloomy, 
melancholy,  despondent,  disconsolate,  crushed, 
cast  down,  downcast,  down-hearted,  low-spirited, 
crestfallen,  chapfallen,  in  low  spirits. 

5.  Onerous,  difficult,  laborious,  hard. 

6.  Tedious,  tiresome,  wearisome,  weary. 

7.  Loaded,  burdened,  encumbered,  weighed 
down. 

8.  Miry,  muddy,  cloggy,  clayey. 

9.  Clammy  {as  bread),  ill-raised,  soggy. 

10.  Stormy,  tempestuous,  violent,  severe, 
strong,  energetic,  boisterous. 

11.  Loud,  deep,  roaring. 

12.  Dense,  dark,  gloomy,  lowering,  cloudy. 

13.  Hard  to  digest,  burdensome,  oppressive. 

14.  Of  great  body,  strong,  heady  {said  oj 
liquors). 

15.  Thick,  heavy-bodied  (j<z?V/^/zV«zV/r). 
Heavy-spar,  «.  Sulphate  of  baryta  [native). 
Hebdomadal,  a.    1.  Weekly,  occurring  every  week 

or  seven  days. 
2.   By  sevens,  in  groups  of  seven. 
Hebetate,   v.  a.     Dull,   blunt,  stupefy,  benumb, 

make  torpid. 
Hebetate,  a.       Dull,     torpid,     stupid,    stupefied, 

obtuse,  sluggish. 
Hebrew,  «.     I.   Israelite,  Jew. 

2.   Hebrew  language. 
Hebrew,  a.    Jewish,  Israelitish. 
Hectic,  a.     I.   Habitual  {as  the  fever  attending 

consumption),  constitutional. 
2.   Feverish,  hot,  heated,  fevered. 
Hector,   «.       Bully,  blusterer,    swaggerer,    noisy 

fellow. 
Hector,  v.  a.    I.   Bully,  threaten,  menace. 

2.  Vex,    tease,    annoy,    fret,    harry,    harass, 

worry,  irritate,  provoke. 
Hector,  v.  n.     Bluster,  swagger,  play  the  bully. 
Heddle,  n.     Heald. 

Hedge,  «.      Fence  {of  bushes  or  shrubs),  hedge- 
fence. 
Hedge,  v.  a.     I.   Enclose  with  a  hedge. 

2.  Obstruct,  hinder,  encumber,  hem  in,  sur- 
round. 

3.  Fortify,  guard,  protect. 

Hedge,  v.  n.  Hide,  skulk,  disappear,  take  refuge 
in  a  hiding-place,  evade,  dodge,  proceed  stealthily. 

Hedge-bom,  a.  Obscure,  of  low  birth,  meanly 
born,  base-born,  peasant,  rustic. 

Hedge-fence, «.    Hedge. 

Hedgehog,  «.     Erinaceus  Europtsus. 

Hedge  in.     Enclose,   environ,   surround,  shut  in, 

hem  in. 
Hedge  up.    Obstruct,  bar,  shut  up. 
HedoniC,  a.    Pertaining  or  relating  to  pleasure, 

pleasurable. 
Hedonism,  n.    Eudasmonism,  utilitarianism,  theory 


HEDONIST 


206 


HEMISPHERE 


of  pleasure  or  happiness  as  the  supreme  good. 
Epicureanism,  Benthamism. 

Hedonist^  n.  Utilitarian,  moralist,  eudaemonist, 
Epicurean,  Benthamite. 

Heedt  V.  a.  Regard,  mind,  notice,  mark,  observe, 
attend  to,  give  heed  to,  pay  attention  to,  take 
notice  of,  hearken  to,  listen  to,  obejr. 

Heed,  n.  Regard,  notice,  care,  attention,  caution, 
heedfulness,  watchfulness,  wariness,  vigilance, 
circumspection,  observation. 

Heedful,  a.  Observant,  observing,  mindful,  re- 
gardful, watchful,  cautious,  careful,  wary,  cir- 
cumspect, attentive,  provident. 

Heedless,  a.  Unobserving,  unobservant,  inatten- 
tive, careless,  thoughtless,  negligent,  neglectful, 
unmindful,  regardless,  inconsiderate,  unwatch- 
ful,  reckless,  precipitate,  rash,  headlong, 
headless. 

Heedlessness,  «.  Carelessness,  thoughtlessness, 
inattention,  inadvertence,  neglect,  oversight, 
recklessness,  rashness,  precipitancy,  negligence, 
inconsiderateness. 

Heel,  n.     I.   Back  of  the  foot  or  stocking  or  shoe. 

2.  Support  of  the  shoe  or  boot. 

3.  Foot,  bottom,  lower  end. 

4.  Fag  end,  remnant,  remainder,  leavings. 
Heel,  V.  a.     I.   Put  a  heel  on,  fit  with  a  heel. 

2.  Arm  with  spurs,  fit  gaffs  upon. 

3.  Perform  with  the  heels,  dance. 
Heel,  V.  n.     (Naut.)    Incline,  lean. 
Heft,  «.     Handle,  haft,  helve. 

Hegemonic,  a.  Ruling,  controlling,  chief,  pre- 
dominant, predominating;,  supreme,  prevailing. 

Hegemony,  n.  Leadership,  headship,  predom- 
inating influence,  predominance,  preponderance, 
nile. 

Hegira,  «.  I.  Flight  of  Mahomet  {September  13, 
622). 

2.  Mahometan  era  {July  16,  622). 

3.  Exodus,  departure,  going  out. 
Heifer,  «.     Young  cow. 

Height,  «.     I.  Elevation,  altitude.    See  Tall- 

NESS. 

2.  Eminence,  summit,  apex,  acme,  culminat- 
ing point. 

3.  Hill,    mountain,  high   ground,  high   land, 
eminence. 

4.  Utmost  degree. 

5.  Elevation,  high  point,  lofty  position,    al- 
titude. 

6.  Elevation,    eminence,    exaltation,    dignity, 
grandeur,  loftiness,  lofty  position  or  character. 

Heighten,  v.  a.  I.  Elevate,  raise,  make  higher 
or  more  lofty. 

2.  Exalt,  greaten,  magnify,  ennoble. 

3.  Increase,  enhance,  augment,  improve. 

4.  Intensify,  aggravate. 

Heinous,  a.  Flagrant,  flagitious,  atrocious,  in- 
famous, villanous,  nefarious,  crying,  very  wicked, 
enormous,  aggravated,  excessive,  monstrous. 

Heir,  «.     I.    Inheritor,  possessor  by  descent. 
2.   Offsprine,  child. 

Helamjrs,  n.  Jumping-rat,  jumping-hare  {Pedeies 
capensis). 

Helical,  a.  Spiral,  winding,  cochleary,  cochleated, 
screw-shaped. 

Heliotrope, «.    I.  {Bot.')   Turnsole. 
2.   {Min.)    Bloodstone. 

Helix,  n.     I.  Coil,  circumvolution,  spiral  line. 
2.  Snail-shell. 

Hell,  «.  I.  Gehenna,  limbo,  abyss,  Tartarus, 
Hades,  Avemus,  Erebus,  place  of  torment,  bot- 
tomless pit,  everlasting  fire,  infernal  regions, 
shades  below,  realms  of  Pluto,  the  lower  world, 
abode  of  the  damned. 

2.   Infernal  spirits,  hosts  of  hell,  hosts  of  evil, 
assembly  of  demons. 


3.  Misery,  moral  agony,  unassuaged  remorse, 
inward  torment,  stings  of  conscience,  spiritual 
agony,  sense  of  curse. 

Hellenic,  a.     Grecian,  Greek. 

Hellenism,  n.     Grecism,  Greek  idiom. 

Hellish,  a.     I.  Of  hell. 

2.  Infernal,  diabolical,  fiendish,  devilish,  de- 
moniacal, fiend-like,  atrocious,  detestable,  aboni- 
inable,  execrable,  nefarious,  curst,  accursed, 
damnable,  damned,  monstrous. 

Helm,  n.  I.  Helmet,  morion,  head-piece,  casque, 
armor  for  the  head. 

2.  Steering  apparatus,  rudder,  the  wheel. 

3.  Direction,  control,  command,  rule,  reins, 
post  of  command. 

Helmet,  n.  Helm,  morion,  casque,  headpiece, 
armor  for  the  head. 

Helminth,  «.     Parasitical  worm,  intestinal  worm. 

HelminthagOgne,  «.     Anthelmintic,  vermifuge. 

Helmsman,  ».  Steersman,  man  at  the  helm,  man 
at  the  wheel. 

Helot,  ft.     I.   Spartan  slave  or  serf. 

2.  Slave  {in  genera/),  bondsman,  serf,  bond- 
slave. 

Helotism,  «.  Slavery,  servitude,  serfdom,  bond- 
age. 

Helotry*  «.  Slaves,  bond-slaves,  bondsmen, 
(taken  collectively). 

Help,  V.  a.     I.   Relieve,  succor,  save. 

2.  Assist,  serve,  support,  aid,  second,  back, 
abet,  co-operate  with,  take  part  with. 

3.  Remedy,  cure,  heal,  restore,  better,  im- 
prove, alleviate,  ameliorate. 

4.  Prevent,  hinder,  withstand,  resist,  repress, 
control. 

5.  Avoid,  forbear,  refrain  from. 

Help,  V.  n.    Lend  aid,  contribute  assistance,  give 

a  lift. 
Help,  n.     I.  Assistance,  aid,  succor,  support. 

2.  Remedy,  relief. 

3.  Helper,  assistant. 

Helper,  «.  Assistant,  ally,  auxiliary,  coadjutor, 
aider,  abettor,  colleague,  partner,  helpmate, 
help-fellow. 

Helpful,  a.  I.  Useful,  beneficial,  convenient, 
advantageous,  profitable. 

2.  Wholesome,  salutary. 

3.  Ready  to  help,  kind,  benevolent,  full  of 
help,  inclined  to  aid  others. 

Helpless,  a.  I.  NVeak,  feeble,  powerless,  impo- 
tent, imbecile,  disabled,  infirm. 

2.  Exposed,  defenceless,  unprotected. 

3.  Irremediable,  beyond  help,  remediless,  ir- 
reparable, irretrievable,  desperate. 

Helpmate,  )  «.     I.   Wife,   consort,   partner,  com- 

Helpmeet,  j      panion. 

2.  Partner,  helper,  associate,  aider,  help- 
fellow,  companion,  assistant. 

Help  on.     Forward,  further,  promote,  advance. 

Help  to.     I.    Help  to  %ftXor  obtain. 
2.   Supply  with,  furnish  with. 

Helter-skelter,  ad.  Pell-mell,  irregularly,  dis- 
orderly, in  disorder,  in  confusion,  precipitately, 
with  precipitancy,  at  a  rush,  headlong,  hurry- 
skurry,  pell-mell,  head-foremost,  heels  over  head. 

Helve,  n.  Handle  {of  an  ax  or  a  hatchet),  haft, 
heft. 

Helvetic,  a.     Swiss. 

Hem,  n.     Border,  edge,  margin. 

Hem,  V.  a.     Border,  edge,  skirt. 

Hematite,  «.     Bloodstone. 

Hemeralopia,     n.      (Med.)      I.     Day-blindness, 
night-sight,  nyctalopia. 
2.   Night-blindness,  day-sight,  nyctalopia. 

Hem  in.  Enclose,  confine,  environ,  surround, 
beset,  shut  in,  hedge  in. 

Hemisphere,  ».     Half-globe,  half-sphere. 


HEMISPHERIC 


206 


HETEROGENEITY 


fiSSeri^,  !  ^'    Half-round,  half-spherical. 
Hemisticll.  «.     Haifa  verse,  half  a  line. 
Hemorrhoids,  »■ //.    (Med.)    Piles. 
Hen,  «.     I.     Female  bird. 

2.   Female  of  the  domestic  fowl. 
Henbane,  «.     Hyoscyamus,  stinking  nightshade. 
Hence,  ad.     I.    From  this  place,  from  here. 

2.  From  this  time,  henceforth,  henceforward, 
from  this  time  forth  or  forward. 

3.  Therefore,  from  this  cause,  for  that  reason, 
as  a  consequence. 

4.  From  this  source. 

Henceforth,  ad.     Henceforward,  from    this  time 

forward,  hence. 
Henceforward,  ad.    See  Henceforth. 
Henchman,    «.       Retainer,    follower,    supporter, 

servant,  attendant. 
Hen-hearted,    a.       Timid,    cowardly,    timorous, 

heartless,  fearful,  dastardly,  recreant. 
Hen-huzzy,  «.     Cotquean,  meddler  in  women's 

work. 
Hepatize,  v.  a.     Convert  into  liver-like  substance, 

gorge  with  efifused  matter,  solidify. 
Hep-tree,  «.     [Written  also  Hip-tree.^    Dog-rose, 

wild-brier,  hep-brier,  hep-bramble  {Rosa  canina). 
Herald,  a.     I.   Proclaimer,  publisher,  crier. 

2.    Forerunner,  precursor,  harbinger. 
Herald,  v.  a.     Proclaim,  announce,  publish. 
Heraldry,  «.     Blazonry,  emblazonry,  the  heraldic 

art,  the  herald's  art. 
Herbaceous,  a.    See  Herbal. 
Herbage,  «.     Herbs,  grass,  pasture,  vegetation  of 

the  fields,  herbal  vegetation. 
Herbal,  a.     Pertaining  or  relating  to  herbs,  herba- 
ceous. 
Herbal,  «.     Herbarium,  herbary,  hortus  siccus. 
Herbalist,    1 

Slrhtri??'  I  «•  I-  Expert  in  herbs  or  plants, 
HerbS  I  collector  of  herbs,  plant-collector. 
Herborist,    J 

2.   Dealer  in  medicinal  plants. 

HerbSyl™'  }  '*•     Herbal,  hortus  siccus. 

Herb-paris,  «.  Truelove,  oneberry  {Paris  quad- 
rifolia). 

Herb-robert,  «.  Stinking  crane's  bill  {GerantMm 
robertiatium), 

Herculean,  a.  I.  Strong,  mighty,  powerful,  puis- 
sant, vigorous,  sturdy,  athletic,  brawny,  mus- 
cular, sinewy,  stalwart,  able-bodied. 

2.  Difficult,    hard,    perilous,  dangerous,    toil- 
some, troublesome,  laborious. 

3.  Large,    great,   gigantic,    strapping,    huge, 
colossal,  Cyclopean. 

Herd,  n.     I,   Drove  (o/  the  larger  animals^. 

2.   Crowd,  rabble,  multitude,  populace,  vulgar 
herd  {ignobtle  vulgus). 
Herd,  V.  n.     Associate  \as  beasts\  keep  company. 
Herd's-grass,  «.     I.  {.New  England.\    Cat's-tail, 
timothy-grass  (Pkleunt pratense). 

2.   [Pennsylvania.\    Red-top  {Agrostis  vul- 
garis). 
Here,  ad.    I.   In  this  place. 

2.  In  the  present  state,  in  the  present  life. 

3.  Hither,  to  this  place. 

Hereafter,  ad.      I,  In  time  to  come,  in  some 

future  time. 
2.   In  a  future  state. 
Hereafter,  «.     Future  state,  world  or  life  beyond 

the  grave. 
Hereby,  ad.    By  this. 
Heredltable,  a.     Inheritable. 
Hereditament,  «.     Inheritable  property. 
Hereditary,  a.      I.  Ancestral,   patrimonial,    by 

inheritance. 


I      \a.    1.  I 

cal,)    '"sof 


Androgynous,  partak- 
'  both  sexes. 


2.   Inherited,  transmitted  {frotn  ancestors). 
Herein,  ad.     I.   In  this,  inside  of  this. 

2.  In  this,  in  this  respect  or  regard, 

3.  In  here,  inside  this  place. 
Heretdarch,  «.     Chief  heretic,  leader  in  heresy. 
Heresy,  «.      Heterodoxyj  error,  unsound  doctrine. 
Heretic,  «.     Sectary,  schismatic,  separatist. 
Heretical,  a.      Heterodox,   schismatic,  schismat- 

ical,  sectarian. 
Heretofore,  ad.      Formerly,  before   the    present 

time. 
Hereupon,  ad.     Upon  this,  on  this. 
Herewith,  ad.    With  this. 
Heritage,    «.      Inheritance,    portion,    patrimony, 

estate. 
Hermaphrodite,   «.       Androgyne,    double-sexed 

being. 

Hermaphrodite, 
Hermaphroditic, 
Hermaphroditical, 

2.   Hybrid,  mongrel. 

Hermeneutics,  a.  Exegesis,  science  of  interpre- 
tation. 

Hemetical,  |  '*•  ^*  ^ir-tight,  impervious  to  air. 
2.  Secret,  mysterious,  mystic,  mystical,  occult, 
symbolical,  emblematic,  cabalistic,  containing 
doctrines  clothed  or  concealed  in  symbols. 

Hermit,  «.  Anchorite,  anchoret,  recluse,  solitary, 
solitaire,  eremite  {poetical). 

Hernia,  «.     Rupture. 

Hernshaw,  «.     Heron,  heronshaw. 

Hero,  n.     I.    Brave  man. 

2.  Principal  character. 

3.  Illustrious  personage,  great  man. 

4.  {Mythol.)    Demigod,  man  of  superhuman 
achievements. 

Heroic,  a.  I.  Brave,  valiant,  courageous,  in- 
trepid, bold,  daring,  gallant,  fearless,  dauntless, 
noble,  magnanimous. 

2.  Epic. 

3.  Violent,  extreme,  desperate,  extravagant. 
Heroine,  «.    I.    Intrepid  woman,  supremely  cour- 
ageous woman. 

2.   Principal  female  character. 

Heroism,  n.  Bravery,  valor,  courage,  gallantry, 
prowess,  daring,  intrepidity,  fearlessness,  forti- 
tude, boldness,  endurance,  great-heartedness. 

Heron,  n.     Hernshaw,  heronshaw. 

Heronshaw,  «.     Heron,  hernshaw. 

Herschel,  n-  {Astron.)  Uranus,  Georgium 
Sidus. 

Hesitancy,  «.  I.  Hesitation,  indecision,  halting, 
reluctance,  holding  back. 

2.   Indecision,   doubt,   uncertainty,    suspense, 
vacillation. 

Hesitate,  v.  n.  I.  Pause,  delay,  demur,  doubt, 
waver,  vacillate,  be  "undetermined,  stop  to  con- 
sider, be  in  doubt,  be  in  suspense,  be  doubtful. 

2.  Falter,  stammer,  have  an  impediment  in 
speech. 

Hesitation,  «.     I.   See  Hesitancy. 

2.   Faltering,   stammering,  difficulty  of  utter- 
ance. 

Hesper,  «.     Hesperus,  evening  star,  Venus. 

Hesperian,  a.     (Poetical.)    Western,  occidental. 

Hesperus,  n.     Hesper,  Venus,  evening  star. 

Hessian-fly,  n.  Wheat-fly  {Cecidomyia  de- 
structor). 

Heteroclite,  a.    Irregular,  anomalous,  abnormal. 

Heterodox,  a.  Heretical,  unorthodox,  contrary  to 
the  accepted  standards. 

Heterodoxy,  «.     Heresy,  error,  unsound  doctrine. 

Heterogeneity,       «.      See      Heterogeneous- 

NESS. 


HETEROGENEOUS 


207 


HIGH-WROUGHT 


I  H.     Irishism,  Irish  idiom. 


Heteros:eneoas,  a.  Unlike,  dissimilar,  diflferent, 
opposed,  contrary,  contrasted. 

Heterogeneousness,  n.  Heterogeneity,  dissimi- 
larity, dissimilitude,  unlikeness,  difEerence,  oppo- 
sition, contrast,  contrariety. 

HeteropatMc,  a.     Allopathic. 

Heteropatliy,  n.     Allopathy. 

Hew,  V.  a.     I.    Cut.  chop,  hack. 

2.    Smooth  (with  an  axe),  fashion,  form. 

Hew  down.     Fell,  cut  down. 

Hexahedral,  a.     Cubic,  six-sided. 

Hexabedron,  «•     Cube,  six-sided  figure. 

Heyday»  «•     Frolic,  play,  exultation. 

Hiatus,  «  Opening,  gap,  break,  interval,  chasm, 
rift,  lacuna. 

Hibernate,  v.  n.     I.   Wmter,  pass  the  winter. 
2.    Lie  torpid  in  winter. 

Hibernian,  a.    Irish. 

Hibernian,  n.    Irishman. 

Hibernicism, 

Hibernianism, . 

Hidden,  a.  I.  Concealed,  secret,  latent,  occult, 
clandestine,  close. 

2.  Abstruse,  recondite,  mysterious,  mystic, 
mystical,  dark,  obscure,  cabalistic,  occult, 
hermetic. 

Hide,  V.  a.     I.   Secrete,  conceal,  cover,  bury,  keep 
out  of  sight,  suppress,  withhold. 
2.  Shelter,  cloak,  screen,  veil,  mask,  disguise. 

Hide,  z'.  «.  Lie  hid,  lie  concealed,  be  concealed, 
conceal  one's  self,  lie  in  ambush,  keep  one's  self 
out  of  sight,  be  withdrawn  from  view. 

Hide,  n.     Skin  (of  the  larger  animals). 

Hideous, «.  Frightful,  dreadful,  appalling,  terri- 
ble, horrible,  horrid,  ghastly,  grisly,  grim, 
shocking. 

Hie,  V.  n.  (Poetical  and  often  with  the  reciprocal 
pronoun.)    Hasten,  go  in  haste. 

Hierarchy,  n.  I.  Ecclesiastical  government, 
ecclesiastical  establishment. 

2.  Body  of  ecclesiastical  dignitaries. 

3.  Scale  of  succession  in  ecclesiastical  rank, 
system  of  sacred  gradation. 

4.  System  of  gradation  (generally),  order  or 
succession  of  dignities. 

Hieratic,      )   a-     Sacerdotal,  priestly,  sacred,  con- 
Hieratical,  f     secrated,  devoted  to  sacred  uses. 
Hieroglyph,    n.      Symbol,    sign,     pictorial    word 
symbol   or  sound  symbol. 

Hie^fl^JhiSa,  I  ''•     Emblematical,  symbolical. 

Hierolat^,  «.     Worship  of  saints  and  relics. 

Hieromancy,  «.  Hieroscopy,  divination  by  sac- 
rifices. 

Hierophant,  «.  Priest,  expounder  of  religious 
mysteries. 

Higgle,  V.  n.     I.   Peddle,  hawk. 

2.    Haggle,  bargain,  negotiate,  chaffer. 

Higgledy-piggledy,  ad.  (Colhq.)  Confusedly, 
disorderly,  pell-mell,  in  disorder,  helter-skelter, 
topsy-turvy,  at  sixes  and  sevens. 

Higgler,  «.     I.   Pedler,  travelling  trader. 
2.  ChafTerer. 

High,  a.  I.  Lofty,  elevated,  tall,  high -reaching, 
heaven-kissing,  of  great  altitude. 

2.  Eminent,  prominent,  pre-eminent,  distin- 
guished, superior. 

3.  Elevated,  exalted,  noble,  dignified,  lofty, 
great,  admirable. 

4.  Abstruse,  recondite,  occult,  obscure,  dark, 
transcendental,  profound. 

5.  Proud,  haughty,  arrogant,  supercilious, 
lordly,  lofty. 

6.  Boastful,  ostentatious,  bragging,  vain- 
glorious. 

7.  Oppressive,  domineering,  overbearing,  tyr- 
annical, despotic. 


8.  Violent,  strong,  boisterous,  turbulent,  tu- 
multuous. 

9.  Great,  strong,  extreme. 

10.  Complete,  full. 

11.  Dear,  of  great  price. 

12.  Acute,  sharp,  shrill,  high-toned,  high- 
pitched. 

13.  Remote  from  the  equator,  northerly, 
southerly. 

14.  Remote  (in  time),  early,  primeval. 

15.  Capital,  extreme,  done  against  the  State. 

16.  Strong-flavored,  verging  on  taint. 
High,  ad     I.   Aloft,  on  high,  to  a  great  height. 

2.  Profoundly,  powerfully. 

3.  Eminently,  lottiiy. 

4.  Richly,  luxuriously. 

Highest  good.  Supreme  good,  greatest  good 
(sum mum  bonum). 

High-fed,  a.  Pampered,  lapped  in  luxury,  fed  on 
luxuries. 

High-flayored»  a.  Pungent,  piquant,  high- 
seasoned. 

High-flown»  a.  I.  Elevated,  presumptuous, 
swollen,   proud,  lofty. 

2.  Extravagant,  lofty,  high-colored,  over- 
drawn, overstrained. 

3.  Turgid,  swollen,  bombastic,  pretentious, 
pompous,  strained. 

High-handed,  a.  Overbearing,  oppressive,  arbi- 
trary, violent,  despotic,  wilful,  self-wiiled. 

HighlaJad,  n.     Mountainous  region. 

Highlander,  n.     Mountaineer. 

Highly,  ad.  Extremely,  exceedingly,  ver>'  much, 
in  a  great  degree,  in  a  high  degree.  See  High, 
in  its  various  senses. 

High-mettled,  a.     I.   Fiery,  spirited. 

2.  Ardent,  high-spirited,  proud,  quick,  fiery, 
intense,  excitable.     See  High-strung,  2. 

High-minded»  «•  I.  Proud,  arrogant,  haughty, 
lofty. 

2.  Noble,  honorable,  elevated,  lofty,  great- 
minded,  magnanimous,  high-toned,  firm  in 
principle. 

High-priced,  a.    Costly,  dear,  high. 

High-priest,  n.     Chief  priest. 

High-reaching,   a.     I.   Reaching  upward,   lofty, 
towering,  heaven-kissing. 
2.   Ambitious,  aspiring. 

High-road,  «.     Highway,  public  road. 

High-school,  n.  School  (of  the  first  class  for 
secondary  education),  academy,  seminary,  (in 
Germany)  gymnasium. 

High-seasoned,  a.  Pungent,  piquant,  high- 
flavored,  highly  spiced. 

High-spirited,  a.    I.  Spirited,  bold,  daring.    See 
High-mettled. 
2.   Proud,  high-strung. 

High-Stnmg,  rt.  I.  Of  great  tension,  excitable, 
stning  to  a  high  pitch,  in  a  state  of  high  tension. 

2.  Proud,  high-spirited,  sensitive,  quick  to 
honor. 

3.  Obstinate,  persistent,  intractable. 
High  time.     Quite  time. 

High-toned,  a.     I.   Acute,  sharp,  shrill,  hieh. 

2.    Noble,  honorable.     See  Htgh-mindkd,  a. 
High-water-mark, «.    Flood-mark. 
Highway,  n.     High-road,  public  road. 
Highwayman,  «•     Robber,  footpad,  bandit,  brig- 
and,   n-eebooter,    marauder,    outlaw,    highway 
robber. 
High  wine.     I.   Brandy. 

2.   Pure  alcohol. 
High  words.     Strife,  contention,    quarrel,   angry 

dispute,  bickering,  war  of  words. 
High-wrought,  a.      I.  Impetuous,  vehement,  in- 
tense, swelling  high,  rising  high. 
2*   Enthusiastic,  impassioned. 


HILARIOUS 


208 


HOGGISH 


3.  Highly  6nished,  finely  elaborated,  delicately 
and  intricately  wrought. 

Hilarious,  a.  Gay,  jovial,  jolly,  joyful,  merry, 
mirthful,  in  high  spirits,  exhilarated. 

Hilarity,  «.  Gayety,  mirth,  merriment,  jollity, 
joviality,  joyousness,  exhilaration,  cheerfulness, 
glee,  high  spirits. 

HUlf  «■  Eminence  {Jiess  than  a  tnountain),  mount, 
rising  ground,  elevation. 

Hillock,  n.  Knoll,  mound,  small  hill,  slight  ele- 
vation. 

Hilt,  n.     Handle  (of  a  sword). 

Bind,  a.     Back,  hinder,  posterior,  rear. 

Hind,  ».  I.  Female  deer  (of  the  stag  or  red 
deer). 

2.  Peasant,  swain,  boor,  lout,  rustic,  clod-poll, 
bumpkin,  clown,  ploughman,  bog-trotter,  clod- 
hopper,  countryman. 

Hinder,  a.     Hind,  back,  posterior,  rear. 

Hinder,  v.  a.  Prevent  (^temporarily)^  impede, 
obstruct,  stop,  interrupt,  retard,  check,  thwart, 
oppose,  embarrass,  encumber. 

Hinderance,  n.  [Written  also  Hindrance.^  Im- 
pediment, obstacle,  stop,  obstruction,  interrup- 
tion, check,  restraint,  encumbrance. 

Hindmost,  a.    Last. 

Hinge,  v.  n.    Turn,  depend,  hang,  be  dependent. 

Hinny,  n.    Mule. 

Hinny,  v.  n.     Neigh,  whinny. 

Hint,  V.  a.  Suggest,  intimate,  insinuate,  allude 
to,  refer  to,  hint  at,  glance  at,  just  mention,  give 
an  inkling  of. 

Hint,  «.  Intimation,  suggestion,  insinuation,  al- 
lusion, slight  mention. 

Hint  at.     Suggest.    See  Hint. 

Hip,  n.     Haunch. 

Hipped,   \  a.    {Collog.)     Melancholy,  hypochon- 

Hippish,  )  driacal,  blue,  dejected,  depressed, 
low-spirited,   in  low  spirits. 

Hippopotamus,  «.     River-horse. 

Hip-tree,  «.  [Written  also  Hep-tree.']  Dog-rose, 
wild-brier,  hep-brier,  hep-bramble  {Rosa  canina). 

Hire,    v.    a-     I.    Rent,    secure  (temporarily)  for 

p^y-  .  .       ,    . 

2.  Employ,  take  into  service,  take  into  one  s 
employ. 

3.  Bribe,  buy  up,  obtain  one's  services  by  cor- 
ruption. 

4.  [Usually  with  <7«^.]    Let,  lease. 

Hire,  n.  Wages,  stipend,  allowance,  salary,  pay, 
remuneration. 

Hireling',  n.     I.    Mercenary,  hired  soldier. 
2.   Hired  servant. 

Hireling,  a.     Mercenary,  venal. 

Hirling,  «.  Salmon-trout,  sea-trout  (Salmo 
trutta). 

Hirsute,  a.     I.   Hairy,  shaggy,  bristled,  bristly. 
2.   Coarse,  rough,  rude,  uncouth,  boorish,  un- 
mannerly, rustic,  ill-bred,  loutish. 

Hispid,  a.     Bristly,  rough,  shaggy. 

Hiss,  «.     Sibilation,  hissing. 

Hiss,  V.  n.     I.    Sibilate. 

2.   Whiz,  shrill,  whistle,  whir. 

Hiss,  V.  a.  Condemn  by  hisses,  scout,  ridicule, 
damn. 

Hissing, «.     I.  Hiss. 

2.   Object  of  derision,  scorn,  or  contempt. 

Historian,  n.  Chronicler,  annalist,  writer  of  his- 
tory. 

History,  «.  Account,  narration,  narrative,  rela- 
tion, record,  recital,  story,  chronicle,  annals. 

Histrionic,      )  a.     I.   Theatric,  theatrical. 

Histrionical,  1      .  2.   Acting,  actor's. 

Hit,  V.  a.     I.   Strike,  strike  against. 

2.  Attain,  reach,  gain,  win,  secure. 

3.  Suit,  fit,  accord  with,  be  conformable  to, 
be  suitable  to. 


Hit,   V.  n.     I.   Clash,  collide,  come  in  contact, 

strike  together. 
2.   Succeed,  be   successful,   be  crowned  with 

success,  come  off  successful,  carry  the  point,  gain 

the  point. 
Hit,  n.     I.   Stroke,  blow,  collision. 

2.  Chance,  venture,  fortune,  hazard. 

3.  Happy  remark,  apt  expression. 

4.  Lucky  venture,  good  stroke,  happy  stroke. 
Hitch,  V.   n.      I.  Catch,  get  stopped,  stick,  get 

impeded. 
2.  Go  by  jerks. 

Hitch,  V.  a.     P'asten,  tie,  attach,  connect,  unite. 

Hitch,  «.  I.  Catch,  impediment,  obstacle,  hin- 
drance, check. 

2.  Jerk,  jerking  motion. 

3.  (jNaut.)    Knot,  noose. 
Hither,  ad.    To  this  place,  here. 
Hither,  a.    Nearest. 

Hitherto,  ad.     Yet,  till  now,  to  this  time,  up  to 

this  time,  until  this  time,  thus  far. 
Hitherward,  ad.     This  way,  toward  this  place. 
Hit  off.     Imitate,  personate,  mimic,  take  off. 
Hit  upon.     Find,   discover,   find   out,  fall  upon, 

light  upon,  chance  upon. 
Hive,  «.     I.   Habitation  of  bees,  bee-hive,  apiary. 

2.   Swarm  of  bees,  swarm . 
Hive,  V.  a.     I.   Put  into  a  hive. 

2.   Store,  collect,  gather.     See  Hoard. 
Hives,  «.//.    (Med.)    Croup,  rattles. 
Hoar,  a.     Hoary,  white,  gray. 
Hoard,  V.  a.    Store  (secretly),  deposit,  save,  garner, 

husband,  hive,  accumulate,  amass,  treasure  up, 

lay  in,  lay  by,   set  by,  lay  up,  lay  away,  hide 

away. 
Hoar-frost,  «.     White  frost,  frozen  dew. 
Hoarse,  a.     I.   Husky,  raucous 

2.    Rough,  grating,  harsh,  low,  guttural. 
Hoarseness,  n.     I.    Huskiness,  raucity. 

2.   Roughness,  harshness,  grating  character. 
Hoary,  a.     Hoar,  white,  gray. 
Hoax,   n.      Deception   (for  sport),   cheat,   fraud, 

imposition,  imposture,  canard,  practical  joke. 
Hoax,   V.   a.     Deceive  (jocosely),   cheat,   impose 

upon. 
Hobhle,  V.  n.     Limp,  halt,  hop,  walk  lamely. 
Hohhle,  V.  a.    Fetter,  hopple. 
Hohhle,  n.     I.    Limp,  halt. 

2.    Perplexity,  embarrassment,  difficulty,  strait, 

pickle. 
Hohbly,  a.     Rough  (said  of  a  road),  uneven. 
Hohhy,  n.     I.    Nag,  pacing  horse,  garran. 

2.  Hobby-horse,  wooden  horse. 

3.  Favorite  object,  favorite  pursuit,  pet  topic. 
Hohhy-horse,  n.     See  Hobby,  i  and  2. 
Hohgohlin,   n.     Goblin,   spectre,   sprite,  frightful 

apparition,  evil  spirit. 

Hobnail,  n.     I.    Heavy  nail,  large-headed  nail. 
2.   Clown,  lout,  bumpkin,  churl,  clod-hopper. 

Hohnoh,  ad.    At  random,  take  or  not. 

Hohnoh,  v.  n.  Play  pot  companion,  clink  glasses, 
be  jolly  companions. 

Hohson's  choice.     That  or  nothing,  no  alternative. 

Hocus,  V.  a.     I.   Cheat,  impose  upon,  chouse. 
2.   Drug  one's  drink. 

Hocus-pocus,  n.  I.  Juggler,  trickster,  impostor, 
cheater,  swindler,  sharper. 

2.  Cheat,  juggle,  trick,  deception,  itnposition, 
imposture,  delusion,  deceit,  artifice,  circumven- 
tion, chouse,  piece  oi  finesse. 

Hodge-podge,  «•  Medley,  farrago,  jumble,  mix- 
ture, miscellany,  salmagundi,  hotch-potch,  galli- 
maufry, olio,  olla-podrida. 

Hoe-cake,  «.     \U.  6".]    Johnny-cake. 

Hog,  n.     Swine,  porker,  grunter. 

Hoggish,  a.     I.    Swinish,  brutish,  filthy. 
I         2.   Greedy,  grasping,  selfish,  mean ,  sordid. 


HOG-NUT 


209 


HOMELY 


Eosr-nnt,   n. 

glabra). 


Pig-nut,    broom-hickory    {Juglans 


Hog-Sty,  n.     Hog-pen,  pig-sty,  pig-pen. 

Hoiden,  a.  [Wriiten  2i\%Q  Hoyden.\  Rustic,  rude, 
inelegant,  uncouth,  ungenteel,  unlicked,  hoideu- 
ish,  roujili,  rude,  ill-taught,  ill-behaved,  ill- 
mannered. 

Hoiden.  «.     Romp,  tomboy,  rude  bold  girl. 

Hoidenisll,  a.     See  Hoidkn,  a. 

Hoist,  V.  a.    Raise,  lift,  elevate,  heave,  raise  up. 

Hoist,  «.     Lift,  heave. 

Hold,  V.  a.     I.   Grasp,  clutch,  clinch,  gripe  <>rgrip. 

2.  Possess,  retain,  have,  occupy,  keep  pos- 
session of. 

3.  Restrain,  confine,  detain,  imprison,  shut  in, 
shut  up,  hem  in. 

4.  Bind,  fasten,  unite,  connect. 

5.  Stop,  stay,  arrest,  suspend,  withhold,  keep 
in  check. 

6.  Maintain,  support,  continue,  sustain,  prose- 
cute, keep  up,  carry  on. 

7.  Embrace,  entertain,  cherish,  take  as  true- 

8.  Think,  regard,  consider,  believe,  judge, 
esteem,  count,  account,  reckon,  deem. 

9.  Contain,  admit,  take  in,  have  a  capacity  for. 

10.  Celebrate,  solemnize. 

11.  Assemble,  convene,  call  together. 

Hold,  V.  n.  I.  Be  firm,  be  fast,  continue  un- 
broken, not  break,  not  give  way. 

2.  Continue,  remain,  persist,  last,  endure. 

3.  Adhere,  cohere,  cling,  stick,  cleave,  remain 
attached. 

4.  Be  derived,  derive  title. 

5.  Think,  believe,  be  of  opinion. 

6.  Stand,  be  true,  prove  good,  hold  true. 
Hold,  ».     I.   Grasp,  gripe  <v  grip. 

2.  Support,  stay,  prop. 

3.  Footing,  vantage-ground. 

4.  Fort,  castle,  fortress,  fortification,  strong- 
hold, fortified  place. 

Holdback,  n.  Hindrance,  restraint,  check,  ob- 
stacle. 

Holder,  n.    Owner,  possessor,  proprietor. 

Holdfast,  «.    Catch,  hook,  fastening. 

Hold  forth.  I.  {Active)  Offer,  propose,  exhibit, 
hold  out. 

2.  {Neuter.)  Harangue,  preach,  speak  in 
public. 

Hold  good.  Stand,  be  valid,  be  true,  be  applicable, 
hold. 

Hold  in.     I.  {Active.)    Check,  restrain,  repress, 
rein  in. 
2.   {Neuter.)    Restrain  one's  self. 

Hold  on.  I.  (Active.)  Continue,  maintain,  keep 
up,  push  forward. 

2.  {Neuter.)  Cling,  stick,  hold  fast,  keep 
hold  of. 

3.  {Neuter.)    Continue,  remain,  endure,  last. 

4.  Persevere,  persist,  be  steady,  be  steadfast, 
be  constant,  go  on,  keep  on,  keep  one's  course, 
keep  or  maintain  one's  ground,  stick  to  it,  not 
give  it  up,  stand  fast,  stand  firm. 

Hold  one's    own.     Maintain  one's  position,   not 

lose  ground,  not  fall  behind. 
Hold  one's  tongue.  |  Be  still,   keep  still,    keep 
Hold  one's  peace.    )     silence. 
Hold   out.     I.  {Active.)     Offer,    propose,    hold 
forth. 

2.   {Neuter.")    Last,  endure,  continue. 
^  3.   {Neuter.)     Not  yield,  not  be  subdued,  per- 
sist,   stand    firm,   keep  one's  ground,   maintain 
one's  purpose. 
Hold  together.     I.   Remain  united,  keep  together. 

2.    Be  consistent,  hang  together. 
Hold  up.     I.    Clear  up,  cease  raining. 

2.  Keep  up,  bear  up,  endure,  support  one's 
self,  keep  one's  courage. 


Hole,  «■     I.  Perforation,  aperture,  opening. 

2.  Cavity,  cave,  cavern,  hollow,  concavity, 
excavation,  pit. 

3.  Lair,  den,  cover,  retreat  {of  an  animal). 

4.  Hovel,  kennel,  den,  mean  habitation. 
Holiday,  «.     I.   Festival,  anniversary,  celebration, 

fete-day,  y?^^. 
2.   Day  of  amusement. 
Holiness,  n.     I.   Sanctity,  piety,  purity,  devotion, 
devoutness,  godliness,  religiousness,  saintliness, 
heavenly-mindeduess. 
2.   Divineness,  sacredness,  sanctity. 
Holla,  «.     Shout,  halloo,  loud  cry. 
Hollow,  a.     I.   Vacant,  empty,  void,  cavernous. 

2.  Insincere,  treacherous,  false,  faithless, 
hypocritical,  Pharisaical,  deceitful,  false-hearted, 
hollow-hearted. 

3.  Deep,  low,  rumbling. 

Hollow,  n.     I.   Depression,  low  spot,  low  place 

2.  Cavity,  concavity,  depression,  excavation, 
pit,  hole,  cave,  cavern,  dent,  dint,  dimple. 

3.  Groove,  channel,  canal. 
Hollow,  V.  a.     Excavate,  scoop,  dig  out. 
Hollow,  ad.     {Colloq.)    Wholly,  completely,    ut- 
terly, out  and  out,  entirely,  thoroughly. 

Hollow-hearted,  a.  insincere,  false,  false- 
hearted.     See    Hollow,  2. 

Holocaust,  n.  I.  Burnt-offering  {wholly  con- 
sumed). 

2.  Vast  slaughter,  immolation,  wholesale  de- 
struction. 

Holy,    a.      I.   Sacred,      consecrated,     hallowed, 
blessed,    devoted,    set    apart. 
^  2.  Righteous,  saintly,  devout,  spiritual,  saint- 
like,   religious,    godly,    pious,    pure,    heavenly- 
minded,  profoundly  good. 

Holy  Ghost.  Paraclete,  Comforter,  Holy  Spirit, 
the  Spirit,  the  Spirit  of  God,  the  Sanctifier, 
Spirit  of  Truth,  third  Person  in  the  Trinity. 

Holy  Spirit.    See  Holy  Ghost. 

Holy  thistle.  Blessed  thistle  {Centaurea  bent- 
dicta). 

Holy  week.    Passion  week,  week  before  Easter. 

Holy  Writ.  Bible,  Scriptures,  Sacred  Scrip- 
tures, Holy  Scriptures,  Old  and  New  Testaments. 

Homage,  n.  I.  Fealty,  allegiance,  loyalty,  fidelity, 
devotion. 

2.  Reverence,  obeisance,  respect,  deference, 
duty,  service,  honor. 

3.  Worship,  adoration,  devotion. 

Home,  n.  I.  Domicile,  dwelling,  residence, 
abode,  place  of  abode,  abiding-place. 

2.    Fireside,   hearth,    hearthstone,    household, 
family,  family  circle,  domestic  circle. 
Home,  ad.     I.  To  one's  home. 
2.   Close,  closely,  pointedly. 
Home,    a.     I.  Domestic,    home-bom   or   home- 
made. 

2.  Internal,  within  the  country,  interior,  in- 
land. 

3.  Close,  pointed,  direct,  severe,  poignant, 
penetrating,  home-reaching,  that  goes  to  the 
core,  that  is  felt. 

Home-horn,  a.     I.   Native,  natural,  home-bred. 
2.  Domestic,  home,  not  foreign,  of  one's  own 
country. 
Home-hred,  a.    I.   Native,  natural,  home-bom. 

2.  Domestic,  not  foreign. 

3.  Unpolished,  uncultivated,  unrefined,  un- 
couth, rude,  plain,  homely. 

Home-ielt,  a.  Inward,  private,  heart-felt,  deep, 
profotind,  deep-felt. 

Homelike,  a.     Domestic. 

Homeliness,  «•     Plainness,  uncomeliness. 

Homely,  a.     I.   Domestic,  homelike. 

2.  Plain,  coarse,  uncomely,  homespun,  in- 
elegant 


14 


HOME-MADE 


210 


HOOT 


Toward  home. 


3.  Plain,  plain-looking,  of  plain  features,  un- 
comely, rather  ugly. 

Home-made^  a.  Homespun,  of  domestic  man- 
ufacture. 

Homesickness,  n.  I.  Longing  for  home,  pining 
for  friends  and  kindred. 

2.  (Med.)  Nostalgia,  sickness  from  loss  of 
home  and  kindred. 

Homespun,  <z.  I.  Home-made,  of  domestic  manu- 
facture. 

2.  Plain,  coarse,  homely,  rude,  inelegant,  un- 
polished. 

Homeward,  ]  ^^ 

Homewards,  i  '*^- 

Homicide,  n.     I.   Killing  of  a  human  being. 
2.   Manslayer. 

Homiletic,      ( a.     I.  Of    homilies    or    sermons, 

Homiletical, )      relating  to  sermons. 
2.    Hortatory,  persuasive. 

Homiletics,  n.  Art  of  preaching  or  sermonizing, 
art  of  making  homilies. 

Homily,  «.     Sermon,  discourse. 

Homogeneous,  a.  Uniform,  of  uniform  structure, 
of  one  kind  throughout,  of  the  same  nature 
throughout,  all  alike. 

Homoiousian,  a.  Of  a  similar  nature,  of  like 
essence  or  substance. 

Homoiousian,  «.  Believer  in  tho  like  substance  of 
the  Father  and  the  Son. 

Homologous,  a.  I.  Of  the  same  ratio,  of  the  same 
proportion,  in  the  same  relation,  similar,  cor- 
responding. 

2.  Of  the  same  type,  corresponding  in  struc- 
ture. 

Homoonsian,  a.  Of  the  same  nature,  of  identi- 
cal essence  or  substance. 

Homoousian,  n.  Believer  in  the  identity  of  the 
substance  of  the  Father  and  the  Son. 

Homophonous,  a.  Unisonous,  of  the  same  sound, 
of  like  pitch. 

Hone,  n.    Oilstone,  fine  whetstone. 

Hone,  V.  a.  Whet,  sharpen  on  a  hone,  put  a  fine 
edge  upon. 

Honest,  a.  I.  Honorable,  fair,  straightforward, 
equitable,  open,  free  from  fraud,  faithful  to  con- 
tract, according  to  agreement,  just  as  represented. 

2.  Upright,  virtuous,  conscientious,  just,  true, 
fair,  faithful,  reliable,  trusty,  trustworthy,  observ- 
ant of  obligations,  that  stands  by  one's  word,  as 
good  as  one's  word. 

3.  Genuine,  free  from  shams,  thorough,  faithful. 

4.  Decent,  honorable,  reputable,  respectable, 
creditable,  suitable,  proper. 

5.  Decent,  chaste,  virtuous,  faithful. 

6.  Sincere,  candid,  frank,  unreserved,  in- 
genuous. 

Honesty,  «.  I.  Integrity,  probity,  uprightness, 
fairness,  justice,  equity,  trustiness,  fidelity,  faith- 
fulness, honor,  freedom  from  fraud. 

2.  Truthfulness,  truth,  veracity,  observance  of 
one's  word. 

3.  Genuineness,  thoroughness,  faithfulness. 

4.  Honor,  chastity,  virtue,  fidelity.  ^ 

5.  Sincerity,  candor,  frankness,  ingenuous- 
ness, truth,  truthfulness,  openness,  unreserve, 
plain   dealing. 

Honey-combed,  a.    I.   Alveolate,  cellular. 

2.   Perforated  in  every  direction,  eaten  through 
in  every  part. 
Honeyed,  a.    Sweet. 

Honeysuckle,  n.     Woodbine. 
Honor,    «.     I.   Veneration,      reverence,    respect, 
homage,    deference,    civility. 

2.  Dijjnity,  distinction,  elevation,  high  rank, 
distinguished  position. 

3.  Dignity  of  mien,  noble  bearing,  majesty, 
majestic  appearance,  exalted  looks. 


4.  Reputation,  repute,  fame,  consideration, 
esteem,  credit,  glory,  good  name. 

5.  Integrity,  probity,  honesty,  magnanimity, 
high-mindeduess,  nobleness  of  mind,  manly 
virtue. 

6.  Virtue,  chastity,  purity,  womanly  honor. 

t.  Nice  sense  of  right  or  justice,  high  feeling 
of  obligation,  sense  of  honor. 

8.   Ornament,  boast,  glory,  pride,  credit. 
Honor,  v.   a.     I.   Dignify,  exalt,  glorify,  raise  to 
distinction. 

2.  Reverence,  revere,  venerate,  respect,  pay 
respect  to,  pay  deference  to,  render  honor  to 

3.  Reverence,  adore,  revere,  worship,  hallow 
the  name  of,  do  the  will  of. 

4.  Commemorate,  celebrate,  observe,  keep. 

5.  {Com.)    Accept  and  pay  {a  draft). 
Honorable,   a.      I.    illustrious,    noble,   great,    of 

high  rank. 

2.  Upright,  just,  honest,  fair,  trustworthy, 
trusty,  true,  conscientious,  virtuous,  magnan- 
imous, high-minded,  as  good  as  one's  word. 

3.  Reputable,  creditable,  estimable,  right, 
proper,    equitable. 

Honors,  ».//■     I.   Dignities,  titles,  privileges. 

2.  Adornments,  decorations,  beauties,  glories. 

3.  Civilities,  formal  acts  of  respect,  tokens  of 
respect. 

4.  Academic  distinctions,  scholarly  rank. 
Hood,  n.     I.   Cowl,  head  cover,  padded  bonnet. 

2.  Cover,  protection,  shelter. 

3.  Cover,  concealment,  cloak,  blind. 

Hood,  V,  a.     I.   Cover  with  a  hood,  put  a  hood  on. 

2.  Cover  (/«  any  ivay),  shelter,  protect. 

3.  Hide,  cover,  conceal,  shade,  blind. 
Hooded,  a.     I,   Covered  with  a  hood. 

2.   (Bot.)    CucuUate,  cucullated,  hood-shaped. 
Hooded  snake.     Cobra,  cobra-de-capello. 
Hoodman-blind,  «.     Blindman's  buff,  blind-man- 
buff. 
Hoodwink,  v.  a.     I.   Blind,  blindfold. 

2.  Cover,  hide,  conceal,  cloak. 

3.  Deceive,  cheat,  delude,  dupe,  gull,  cozen, 
fool,  befool,  trick,  circumvent,  overreach,  chouse, 
impose  upon,  make  a  fool  of,  play  a  trick  upon, 
pull  wool  over  one's  eyes. 

Hook,   n.      I.   Catch,  clasp,    hasp,   bent  holder, 
curved  catch. 

2.  Snare,  trap. 

3.  Sickle,  reaping-hook,  reaper,  cutter,  grass- 
hook. 

Hook,  V.  a.    I.    Catch  or  fasten  with  a  hook,  take 
with  a  hook. 

2.  Catch,  snare,  ensnare,  entrap. 

3.  Bend,  curve,  make  into  a  hook,  make  hook- 
shaped. 

4.  Fit  or  furnish  with  hooks,  apply  hooks  to. 
Hooked,  a.     Bent,  curved,  curvated,  hamate. 
Hook-nose,  n.     Aquiline  nose,  hooked  nose. 
Hoop,  «.     I.    Ring,  circlet,  band. 

2.  Farthingale,  crinoline,  hoop-skirt,  hoop- 
petticoat. 

Hoop,  V.  a.    I.   Bind,  fasten  with  hoops,  put  hoops 
upon  or  around. 
2.   Clasp,  enclose,  encircle,  surround. 

Hooper,  «.     'WWA  s^zn  {Cyg^nus  ferus). 

H0Opin!3:-C0U?h,    n.      [Written    also    Whooping- 
cough.]    Chin-cough,  pertussis. 

Hoop-skirt,  n.     Hoop,  farthingale,  crinoline,  hoop- 
petticoat. 

Hoot,  V.  n.     I.    Shout  or  cry  out  or  yell  in  con- 
tempt. 
2.   Cry  like  an  owl. 

Hoot,  V.  a.     Execrate,  denounce,  hiss,  cry  down, 
cry  out  against,  hoot  at. 

Hoot,  «.     Shout  or  cry  or  outcry  or  yell  of  con- 
tempt. 


HOOT  AT 


211 


HOSTILITY 


Hoot  at.    Cry  out  against.     See  Hoot,  v.  a. 
Hopf  V.  n.     I.    Spring  or  leap  on  one  leg  or  foot. 

2.  Leap,  bound,  jump,  skip,  spring,  caper, 
frisk,  frisk  about. 

3.  Dance,  trip. 

4.  Limp,  halt,  hobble,  walk  lame. 

Hopt   H,     I.    Leap,    bound,    jump,    spring,    skip, 
caper. 
2.   Dance. 
Hope,  «.     I.   Trust,  confidence,  faith,  reliance. 

2.  Expectancy,  trustful  longing,  waiting  under 
the  possibility  of  fulfilment,  sense  of  possible 
fulfilment. 

3.  Possibility  of  good,  chance  of  the  desired 
end,  room  for  expectation,  chance  of  a  favorable 
result. 

4.  Reliance,  dependence,  object  of  trust  or 
reliance,  ground  of  confidence. 

Hope,  V.  a.     Await  [something  agreeable)^  hope 

for,  trustingly  long  for. 
Hope,  V.  n.     Trust,  wait  in  trustful  longing,  indulge 

or  entertain  a  hope^  be  in  hopes,  live  m  hopes, 

look  on  the  bright  side,  flatter  one's  self. 
Hope  for.     Long  for  with  trust.     See  Hope,  v.  a. 
Hopeless,   a.     I.   Despairing,    desperate,    forlorn, 

disconsolate,  downcast,  crushed. 

2.  Remediless,  irremediable,  incurable,  past 
cure,  helpless,  past  help. 

3.  Impossible,  impracticable. 
Hop-hornbeam,  n.    American   ironwood  (jOstrya 

Virginica). 

Hop-o'-my-tllUin!),  n.    Dwarf,  pygmy. 

Hoppers,  «.  pi.     Hop-scotch,  scotch-hoppers. 

Hopple,  V.  a.     Fetter  {an  animal),  hobble. 

Hopples,  «.  //.     Fetters  (for  animals),  hobbles. 

Hop-scotch,  «.     Hoppers,  scotch-hoppers. 

Horde,  n.  I.  Gang  {not  living  in  fixed  habita- 
tions), troop,  crew,  clan,  migratory  company  or 
throng. 

2.  lUsually  in  pi.]  Multitude,  throng,  crowd, 
vast  number,  great  crowd. 

Horizontal,  a.     Level,  parallel  to  the  horizon. 

Horn,  n.     I.    Bony  excrescence  or  projection. 

2.  Homy  matter  or  material. 

3.  Trumpet,  wind-instrument, 

4.  Drinking-cup,  beaker. 

5.  (Bot.)     Spur. 

6.  Cusp,  curved  extremity,  prong,  wing  (of  a 
battle  line). 

Horn,  V.  a.    I.  Fit  or  furnish  with  horns,  shape 

like  a  horn. 
2.   Cuckold. 
Hornbook, «.    Primer. 
Horned-screamer,  «.     Kamichi  {Palamedea  cor- 

nuta). 
Horn-fish,   n.     Greenbone,  sea-needle,  gar-pike, 

gar-fish,  sea-pike,  long-nose,  gore-bill,  sword-fish, 

mackerel-guide,  horn-pike  (Esox  belone  or  Belone 

vulgaris). 
Horn  of  plenty.    Cornucopia. 
Hom-ptke,  «.     See  Horn- fish. 
Hom-poat,    n.     Catfish,     mud-pout,     bull-head 

{Pimelodus  catttts). 
Homy,  a.     Corneous. 
Horologe,  n.    Time-piece  {of  any  kind). 
Horoscope,  n.    Ascendant,  star-scheme  at  one's 

birth. 
Horrid,  a.     I.   Frightful,  terrible,  terrific,  horrible, 

alarming,  portentous,  formidable,  appalling,  dire, 

horrifying,  horrific,  harrowing,  dreadful,  fearful', 

awful,  hideous. 
2.  {polloq.)    Shocking,   offensive,  disgusting, 

revolting,    repulsive,    odious,   disagreeable,    un- 
pleasant, vile,  abominable. 
Horrific,  a.     Frishtful.     See  Horrid. 
Horrify,  v.  a.     Frighten,  terrify,  fill  with  horror, 

strike  with  terror,  make  one's  blood  run  cold. 


Horripilation,  «.  {Med.)  Shuddering,  creeping, 
creeping  shiver,  creeping  sensation,  feeling  oi 
hair  on  end. 

Horror,  «.  I.  Fright,  affright,  alarm,  fear,  dread, 
awe,  terror,  dismay,  consternation,  panic. 

2.  Abomination,  abhorrence,  detestation,  dis- 
gust, loathing,  hatred,  antipathy. 

3.  {Med.)     Shuddering,  horripilation. 
Horrors,  «.  //.     [With   The  prefixed.]    Delirium 

tremens,  mania  a  potu. 

Horror-struck^  a.  Dismayed,  horrified,  terrified, 
appalled,  frightened,  panic-stricken,  horror- 
stricken,  paralyzed. 

Hors  de  combat.  [Fr.]  Disabled,  out  of  condi- 
tion to  fight. 

Horse,  «.  I.  Steed,  charger,  stallion,  gelding, 
mare,  filly,  colt,  pony,  sheltie  or  shelty,  paltrey, 
pad,  nag,  barb,  cob,  roadster,  tit,  punch  {as  the 
case  may  be). 

2.  Cavalry,  horsemen. 

3.  Stand,  frame,  support,  buck. 
Horse-armor,  n.    Caparison,  barde,  trappings  for 

a  horse. 

Horse-fly,  «.     Breese,  gad-fly. 

Horsefoot,  «.  King-crab,  horse-shoe,  horse-shoe 
crab  {Limulus  Atnericanus). 

Horse- jockey,  n.    Jockey,  dealer  in  horses. 

Horse-laugh,  n.  Guffaw,  cachinnation,  boisterous 
laugh. 

Horse-leech,  n.  Farrier,  horse-doctor,  veterina- 
rian, veterinary  surgeon. 

Horse-mackerel,  «.     I.   Bonito,  albicore  {Thyn- 
ntts  vulgaris). 
2.   Bluefish  (  Temnodon  saltator). 

Horseman,  n.     I.    Rider,  cavalier,  equestrian. 
2.   Cavalryman,   mounted  man,  mounted  sol- 
dier, horse-soldier,  dragoon,  chasseur. 

Horsemen,  n.  pi.     Cavalry,  horse. 

Horse-shoe,  «.  King-crab,  horsefoot  {Limulus 
A  mericanus). 

Horse-soldier,  «.  Cavalryman,  mounted  man, 
horseman,  mounted  soldier,  dragoon,  chasseur. 

HortatlYe,  n.  Incitement,  exhortation,  persua- 
sive. 

Hortatory,  a.  Homiletic,  inciting,  exhorting,  full 
of  exhortation  or  urgency. 

Horticulture,  «.     Gardening. 

Horticulturist,  «.     Gardener. 

Hortus  siccus.    [L.]    Herbarium,  herbal,  herbary. 

Hosanna,  interj.  Hallelujah,  alleluia,  praise  ye 
Jehovah. 

Hose,  n.     I.    Stockings. 

2.  Tubing,  flexible  pipe. 

3.  [Archaic]    Trousers,  breeches. 
Hospitable,  a.     I.    Kind  or  attentive  to  strangers, 

given  to  bounty  or  entertaining. 

2.   Generous,    liberal,    bountiful,   open,   kind, 
unconstrained,     unreserved,     largely    receptive, 
large-minded. 
Hospitality,  «.     I.    Hospitableness,  kindness  to 
strangers,  generosity  in  entertainment. 

2.    Openness  {of  mind),  liberality,  welcome  to 
new  or  various  views. 
Host,  n.     I.    Entertainer. 

2.  Landlord,  innkeeper. 

3.  Army,  legion,  armed  force. 

4.  Multitude,  horde,  throng,  vast  assemblage. 

5.  Consecrated  wafer. 
Hostile,  a.     I.    Inimical,  unfriendly. 

2.   Adverse,  opposite,  contrary,  repugnant,  at 
variance,  opposed,  opposing. 
Hostilities,  «.  pi.     Warfare,  hostile,  unfriendly,  or 

inimical  actions,  acts  of  war.     See  War. 
Hostility,  n.     I.    Enmity,  animosity,  hatred,  un- 
friendliness, ill-will. 

2.  Opposition,     repugnance,    contrariety,  va- 
riance. 


HOSTLER 


212 


HUMAN 


Hostler*  «.     Groom,  stable-servant,  stable-boy. 
Hot,  a.     I.    Burning,  fiery,  scalding ;  very  warm, 
of  high  temperature,  heated. 

2.  Very  warm,   oppressive,  heated,  of  high 
XtmT^&r2iiMr&  (said  of  weather) . 

3.  Irascible,  excitable,  impetuous,  passionate, 
hasty,  choleric,  furious,  touchy,  violent, 

4.  Ardent,  vehement,  fervent,  eager,  glowing, 
animated,  fervid,  violent,  passionate. 

5.  Pungent,  piquant,  sharp,  acrid,  biting,  sting- 
ing, peppery,  high-flavored,  high-seasoned. 

Hot-l)irailied|  a.     See  Hot-headed. 

HotCh-potcll,  n.  Medley,  farrago,  jumble,  miscel- 
lany, gallimaufry,  salmagundi,  oiio,  hodge-podge, 
confused  mixture,  olla  podrida. 

Hotel,  n.  Inn,  tavern,  public-house,  house  of 
entertainment,  cabaret. 

Hot-headed,  a.  Violent,  rash,  precipitate,  vehe- 
ment, furious,  passionate,  headlong,  heady,  head- 
strong, inconsiderate,  hot-brained. 

Hotspur,  «.  Madcap,  blood,  wild  fellow,  hot- 
bramed  fellow,  rash  man,  excitable  fellow,  man 
of  touchy  temper. 

Hough,  V.  a.     Hamstring. 

Hound,  «.     Dog  {for  ilie  chase) ^  hunting-dog. 

Hound,  V.  a.  I.  Incite,  urge,  spur,  set  on,  urge 
on,  spur  on. 

2.  Hunt,  pursue,  chase. 

3.  Hunt  hard,  pursue  cruelly,  harass,  harry, 
drive  to  bay. 

Hour,  n.  Sixty  minutes,  twenty-fourth  part  of  a 
day. 

Hour-circle,  ».  Meridian,  great  circle  of  the 
sphere. 

Houri,  n.  [Term  of  the  Mahometans. 1  Nymph 
of  Paradise. 

Hourly,  ad.     I.   Every  hour. 
2.    Frequently,  continually. 

House,  n.  I.  Habitation,  abode,  dwelling,  man- 
sion, residence,  domicile,  dwelling-place,  home. 

2.  Building,  edifice. 

3.  Family,  household. 

4.  Lineage,  race,  kindred,  tribe. 

5.  Legislative  body. 

6.  Firm,  partnership,  company,  concern,  com- 
mercial establishment. 

7.  Hotel,  inn,  tavern,  place  of  entertainment, 
public-house. 

House,  V.  a.  Shelter,  protect,  put  under  cover  {of 
a  roof),  furnish  with  a  house,  procure  a  house  or 
home  for. 

House,  V.  n.     Abide,  dwell,  reside,  lodge. 

House-hreaking,  «.  Burglai  y  {when  committed 
at  night). 

Household,  «.     Family,  house. 

Household,  a.     Domestic,  home. 

Householder,  n.  Occupier  of  a  house,  head  of  a 
family. 

House  of  correction.  Bridewell,  workhouse, 
prison  for  petty  offenders. 

House  of  God-  Church,  meeting-house,  house  of 
worship,  sanctuary,  temple. 

Housewife,  «.  I.  Mistress  of  a  family,  good- 
woman. 

2.   Huswife,       female       economist,       thrifty 
woman. 

Housing,  «.     I.    Horse-cloth,  saddle-cloth,  trap- 
pings. 
2.   Covering,  protection  {from  the  weather). 

Hovel,  n.  Shed,  hut,  cot,  cabin,  mean  habitation, 
hole,  den. 

Hover,  v.n.     I.   Flutter. 

2.    Hang  about,  hang  over. 

How,  ad.      I.  In  what  manner,  in  what  way,  by 
what  mode,  by  what  means. 
2.   To  what  extent,  to  what  degree. 
3*  For  what  cause,  for  what  reason. 


4.   In  what  state,  in  what  condition,  in  what 

plight. 
However,  ad.     Howsoever,  in  whatever  manner, 

in  whatever  degree. 
However,  conj.      Yet,    still,    nevertheless,     but, 

though,  notwithstanding. 

How  fS*  forth. }  "^^  ^''^^  ^'^^^"^  ^''  ^^^'^^- 

Howl,  n.     Cry  {as  of  a  dog),  yell. 
Howl,  V-  n.     I,   Cry  {as  a  dog).,  yelL 

2.  Wail,  lament. 

3.  Roar  {said  of  wind). 

Howsoever,  ad.     However,  in  whatever  manner, 

in  whatever  degree. 
Hub,  n.     Nave  {of  a  wheel). 

Hubbub,  «.     I.    Uproar,  clamor,  din,  racket,  out- 
cry, confusion,  disorder,  hullabaloo. 
2.  Tunmlt,  disorder,  confusion,  disturbance, 

riot. 
HubbubbOO,  «.      Cry,    howl,    howling,    wailing, 

ululation. 
Huckleberry,  «•    Black  whortleberry  ( Vaccinium 

resinosutn). 
Huckster,  «.      Retailer,   hawker,    pedler,   huck- 

sterer. 
Huddle,  V.  a.      I.   Throw  together  in  confusion, 

throw  in  a  heap,  crowd  confusedly. 

2.  Hurry  away,  push  away  in  a  heap. 

3.  [With  up.\    Make  hurriedly,  contrive  care- 
lessly, fudge  up. 

4.  [With  on.\    Hurry  on,  hustle  on,  put  on  in 
disorder. 

Huddle,  V.  n.     Crowd,  press  together  in  confusion. 
Huddle,  n.      Crowd,  tumult,  disorder,  confusion, 

disturbance. 
Hue,  n.     Color,  tint,  tinge,  shade. 
Hue  and  cry.     Shouting,  clamor,  outcry. 
Hueless,  «.      I.    Colorless,    uncolored,   untinged, 

achromatic,  free  from  color. 
2.   Colorless,  dull,  pale,  pallid,  livid. 
Huff,  n.     I.    Miff,  pet,  tiff,  rage,  passion,  fume,  fit 

of  anger,  angry  mood. 
2.   Boaster,  braggart,  braggadocio,  buffer.    See 

Blusterer. 
Huffish,  \a.      I.    Angry,   petulant,   pettish,    irri- 
Huffy,     )      table. 

2.  Blustering,  arrogant,  insolent,  hectoring. 
Hug,  V.  a.     I.    Embrace,  clasp,  fold  in  the  arms, 

fold  to  the  breast  or  heart. 

2.  Retain,  cherish,  nurse  in  the  mind,  hold 
fast,  cling  to,  keep  hold  of. 

3.  {Naut.)    Go  near,  keep  close  to. 
Hug,  «•     Embrace,  clasp. 

Huge,  a.  Vast,  bulky,  enormous,  immense,  stu- 
pendous, gigantic,  colossal,  elephantine,  Hercu- 
lean, Cyclopean,  very  great,  very  large. 

Hugger-mugger,  ».  {Contempttiotis.)  I.  Secrecy, 
privacy. 
2.   Disorder,  confusion,  slovenliness. 

Hugger-mugger,  a.  {Contemptuous.)  I,  Secret, 
clandestine,  sly. 

2.  Mean,  unfair,  base,  contemptible. 

3.  Confused,  disorderly,  slovenly. 
Huguenot,  «■     French  Protestant. 

Hu&,  n.  Hull  {of  an  old  vessel),  broken  and  dis- 
masted vessel. 

Hull,  n.     I.   Husk,  outer  covering. 
2.  Body  of  a  vessel. 

Hull,  V.  a.     Peel,  strip  the  hull  from. 

Hullabaloo,  «  Racket,  din,  clamor,  uproar,  hub- 
bub, outcry,  vociferation,  disturbance,  confusion, 
noisy  sport. 

Hum,  t'.  n.     Buzz,  make  a  buzzing  sound. 

Hum,  z'.  a.     ^\n%{in^  low  voice). 

Hum,  n.     Buzz,  buzzing  sound. 

Human,  a.     I.   Man's,  of  man,  belonging  to  man. 
2.  Common  to  mankind. 


HUMANE 


213 


HURRICANE 


3.  Like  a  man,  like  a  human  being,  full  of 
fellow-feeling,  full  of  common  human  feeiing,  full 
of  heart,  sympathetic. 
Htunane,  a.  I.  Kind,  benevolent,  benignant, 
obliging,  accommodating,  tender,  sympathetic, 
charitable,  compassionate,  clement,  gentle,  kind- 
hearted,  tender-hearted,  good-hearted. 

2.  Proper  to  man,  manlike,  worthy  of  man. 

3.  Elevating,  refining,  cultivating,  humanizing, 
spiritual,  rational. 

Hmnanist,  n.  Student  of  polite  literature,  devotee 
of  culture. 

Humanities,  «.  (l.  [With  T/te  prefixed.]  Belles- 
lettres,  polite  literature,  elegant  literature,  litera- 
ture as  the  vehicle  of  cultivated  reason,  literature 
as  the  union  of  truth  and  beauty. 

Hnmanlty,  ».     I.   Human  nature. 

2.  Mankind,  the  human  race. 

3.  Kindness,  benevolence,  benignity,  philan- 
thropy, tenderness,  sympathy,  charity,  humane- 
ness, kind-heartedness,  fellow-feeling,  good 
nature,  milk  of  human  kindness. 

4.  Human  spirit,  spirit  or  essence  of  man, 
reason,  rationality,  culture,  spirit  of  truth  and 
beauty. 

HmnaQize,  v.  a.     I.    Soften,  make  humane. 

2.  Civilize,  cultivate,  refine,  polish,  improve, 
enlighten,  educate,  reclaim  from  barbarism,  fill 
with  sensibility  to  justice,  truth,  and  beauty. 

BimiUe,  a.      I.   Meek,  modest,  unassuming,  un- 
pretending, unobtrusive,  lowly,  submissive,  free 
from  pride,  free  from  haughtiness,  without  arro- 
gance. 
2.   Low,  small,  poor,  unpretending. 

Hnmble,  v-  a.  I.  Humiliate,  shame,  mortify, 
degrade,  crush,  break,  subdue,  abash,  make 
ashamed,  bring  down,  put  down,  take  down,  put 
out  of  countenance. 

2.  Make  humble,  make  lowly,  render  meek  or 
modest  or  unpretending,  free  from  pride. 

Hnmblebee,  n.     Bumblebee. 

Htunbleness,  «.     See  Humility. 

Humbug:,  n.  {Colloq.)  I,  Imposition,  imposture, 
fetch,  deception,  fraud,  trick,  cheat,  gammon, 
dodge,  couge,  blind,  feint,  chouse,  hoax. 

2.  Charlatanry,  charlatanism,  quackery,  mum- 
mery, cant,  hypocrisy. 

3.  Impostor,  charlatan,  quack,  cheat. 
Hnmbng,  v.  a.     [Colloq.)    Deceive,  cheat,  cozen, 

swindle,    trick,    hoax,    befool,    chouse,    impose 
upon. 

Humdrum,  a.  Dull,  prosy,  dronish,  stupid,  weari- 
some, tiresome,  dry,  dreary. 

Humid,  a.     Wet,  moist,  damp,  dank. 

Humidity,  n.     Moisture,  dampness. 

Humiliate,  v.  a.  Mortify,  shame,  abash,  put  to 
shame,  put  down.     See  Humble,  i. 

HumlUatlon,  n.  I.  Humbling,  abasement,  mor- 
tification, degradation,  crushing,  putting  to  shame, 
dishonoring. 

2.  Humility,  meekness,  humbleness,  lowliness, 
lowness,  submissiveness. 

Humility,  n.  Humbleness,  meekness,  submis- 
siveness, lowliness,  self-abasement,  lowliness  of 
mind,  freedom  from  pride  or  arrogance,  freedom 
from  self-righteousness. 

Humlne,  ».    (CA^m.)    Humicacid. 

Hummock,  n.     I.    Hillock,  knoll,  knob  of  soil. 
2.    Ridge,  pile,  hump,  knob,  protuberance  (in 
afield  of  ice). 

Humor,  ».  I.  Moisture,  fluid  {of  animal 
bodies), 

2.  Cutaneous  eruption. 

3.  Temper,  disposition,  bent,  bias,  vein,  pro- 
pensitv,  predilection,  turn  of  mind. 

4.  Mood,  temper,  sUte  of  feeling,  frame  of 
mind. 


5.  Mood,  fancy,  whim,  caprice,  freak,  vagary, 
crotchet,  whimsey,  maggot,  wrinkle. 

6.  Pleasantry,  facetiousness,  fun,  jocoseness, 
jocularity,  kindly  wit,  comic  or  ludicrous  feeling 
or  tone. 

7.  Sense  of  the  ludicrous,  feeling  of  the  comic, 
perception  of  what  is  funny. 

Humor,  v.  a.  I.  Indulge,  gratify,  give  way  to, 
consult  the  wishes  of. 

2.  Favor,  suit  the  nature  of,  meet  the  require- 
ments of 

Humorist,  «.  Wag,  wit,  Joe  Miller,  droll  fellow, 
funny  fellow. 

Humorous,  a.  Facetious,  jocular,  jocose,  droll, 
funny,  sportive,  comical,  comic,  ludicrous,  witty, 
pleasant. 

Humorsome,  a.  I.  Petulant,  peevish,  snappish, 
waspish,  crusty,  captious,  perverse,  wayward, 
cross-grained. 

2.  Capricious,  whimsical,  fanciful,  fitful,  fan- 
tastic, odd. 

Humpback,  «.     I.   Crooked  back,  crook-back. 
2.   Hunchback,  crook-back. 

Hump-backed,  a.  Hunch-backed,  crooked- 
backed. 

Huncll,  n.  I.  Hump,  protuberance,  knob,  bunch, 
lump. 

2.  Punch,  push,  shove,  nudge. 

3.  {.Colloq,)  Lump,  hunk,  large  piece,  thick 
slice. 

Hunch,  V.  a.     Punch,  push,  shove,  jostle,  nudge. 
Hunchback,  »■     Humpback,  crook-laack. 
Hunch-backed,     a.      Hump-backed,     crooked- 


Hundred,  «.    Century. 

Hundredth,  a.     Centesimal. 

Hung-beef ,  «.    Jerked  beef,  dried  beef. 

Hunger,  n.  Craving  appetite  (J'or  food)^  craving 
for  food. 

Hunger,  v.  n.  I.  Feel  hunger,  feel  hungry,  be 
hungry,  crave  food,  want  nourishment. 

2.   Lon^,  hanker,  feel  longing  desire,  desire 
eagerly,  pine. 

Hungry, /z.  I.  Craving  (food),  of  keen  appetite, 
sharp-set,  in  \*ant  of  food,  famishing  (Jjy  hyper- 
bole)^ ravenous. 

2.  Longing,  in  painful  desire,  eagerly  desirous. 

3.  Poor,  barren,  unfertile,  unproductive. 
Hunk,  n.     Lump,  hunch,  large  piece,  thick  slice. 
Hunks,  n.    Miser,  niggard,  curmudgeon,  codger, 

lickpenny,   skinflint,  scrimp,  screw,  muckworm, 

sordid  wretch,  mean  fellow. 
Hunt,  V.  a.     Chase,  pursue. 
Hunt,  V.  n.     I.    Follow  the  chase. 

2.    Search,  seek,  look. 
Hunt,  «.     Chase,  pursuit,  hunting,  field-sport. 
Hunter,  n.     I.    Huntsman. 

2.  Hound,  hunting-dog. 

3.  Hunting-horse,  hunting-nag,  horse  for  the 
chase. 

Hunt  for.    Search  for,  seek  for,  look  for,  hunt  out. 

Hunting,  «.    Chase.    See  Hunt. 

Hunting-leopard,  «.    Chetah  {Felis  jubatd). 

Hunt  out.     Search  for.     See  Hunt  for. 

Huntsman,  n.     Hunter. 

Hurl,  V.  a.     I.  Throw,  fling,   cast,   pitch,   send, 
sling,  throw  violently,  send  whirling,  send  whiz- 
zing. 
2.  Utter  violently,  fulminate,  thunder. 

Hurl,  n.     I.  Throw,  cast,  fling. 

2.   Tumult,    commotion,    turmoil,    confusion, 
bustle,  disturbance,  hurly-burlv,  hullabaloo. 

Hurly-burly,  «.  (Colloq!)  Hurl,  hurly,  turmoil, 
tumult,  commotion,  confusion,  bustle,  disturb- 
ance. 

Hurrah,  interj.    Huzza. 

Hurricane,  ».     I.  Tornado,  cyclone,  typhoon. 


HURRIED 


214 


HYPOCRISY 


2.  Violent  gale,  wild  storm. 

Hurried,  a.     I.   Driven  {by  work),  over  head  and 
ears,  pressed  for  time. 
2.    Hasty,  cursory,  slight,  superficial. 

Hurry,  v.  a.     I.    Drive,  precipitate. 

2.  Hasten,  expedite,  speed,  despatch,  urge  or 
push  forward,  urge  or  press  on. 

Huny»  "v.  n.  I.  Act  precipitately,  be  in  a  flutter, 
be  in  a  flurry. 

2.  Haste,  hasten,  move  quickly,  be  in  haste, 
be  quick,  be  in  a  hurry,  make  haste,  mend  one's 
pace,  move  with  celerity,  lose  no  time,  lose  not  a 
moment,  wing  one's  way,  make  the  best  of  one's 
way,  crowd  sail,  clap  spurs  to  one's  horse. 

Hurty,  n.  I.  Precipitation,  flurry,  flutter,  agita- 
tion, confusion,  bustle,  perturbation,  hurry- 
skurry. 

2.  Haste,  despatch,  celerity,  quickness, 
promptitude,  expedition. 

Hurry-Skurry,  «.  (Collog.)  Flutter,  flurry,  agi- 
tation, confusion,  hurry,  fluttering  haste,  great 
confusion. 

Hnrry-skurry,  ad.  Confusedly,  pell-mell,  helter- 
skelter,  headlong,  with  a  huddling  rush,  heels 
over  head. 

Hurt,  V.  a.  I.  Injure,  harm,  damage,  mar,  impair, 
do  harm  to,  inflict  injury  upon. 

2.  Pain,  wound,  give  pain  to. 

3.  Grieve,  afilict,  pain,  wound,  give  (mental) 
pain  to. 

Hurt,  «.     I.   Harm,   injury,   damage,   detriment, 
mischief,  disadvantage. 
2.   Wound,  bruise. 

Hurtful,  a.  Injurious,  detrimental,  mischievous, 
pernicious,  deleterious,  noxious,  baneful,  preju- 
dicial, disadvantageous,  harmful,  baleful. 

Husband,  n.     Spouse,  married  man. 

Husband,  v.  a.  Save,  economize,  spend  frugally, 
manage  with  frugality. 

Husbandman,  «.  Agriculturist,  farmer,  tiller  of 
the  ground,  cultivator  of  the  soil. 

Husbandry,  «.  I.  Agriculture,  farming,  tillage, 
geoponics,  cultivation  of  the  soil. 

2.  Frugahty,  thrift,  domestic  economy,  man- 
agement of  domestic  affairs. 

Huib,  V.  a.  I.  Still,  silence,  quiet,  repress  the 
cries  or  clamor  of. 

2.  Appease,  assuage,  still,  calm,  quiet,  allay, 
console. 

Hush,  interj.  Silence,  whist,  be  still,  keep  quiet, 
make  no  noise. 

Hush-money,  «•  Bribe  to  keep  silence,  pay  for 
concealment. 

Hush  Up.  Suppress,  conceal,  cover  over,  hide, 
keep  secret,  keep  private. 

Husk,  «.     Rind,  bark,  hull,  glume,  outer  covering. 

Husk,  V.  a.  Strip  off  the  husk  from  {as  from  In- 
dian-corn). 

Husks,  n.  pi.     Hulls,  glumes,  chaff. 

Husky,  a.     I.    Dry,  shrivelled. 

2.   Hoarse,  rough,  raucous,  harsh,  guttural. 

Hussar,  n.  Light-armed  dragoon,  light-cavalry- 
man. 

Hussy,  «.    Jade,  quean,  base  woman,  sorry  wench. 

Hustle,  V.  a.     Push,  jostle,  justle,  elbow,  crowd. 

Huswife,  n.  Housewife,  female  economist,  thrifty 
woman. 

Huswifely,  a.     Thrifty,  frugal,  economical. 

Hut,  n.  Cot,  cabin,  shed,  hovel,  poor  cottage, 
mean  dwelling. 

Hutch,  n.     I.   Chest,  coffer,  bin. 

2.  Trap  {as  for  rabbits). 

3.  {Mining.)     Box  {for  coal). 
Huzza,  interj.     Hurrah. 

Huzza,  n.  Shout,  halloo,  holla,  hurrah. 
Huzza,  V.  n.  Shout,  cry  huzza,  hurrah. 
Hyaline,  a.    Glassy,  crystalline,  transparent. 


Hyaloid,  a.    {A  nat.)    Vitriform,  transparent. 

Hybrid,  n.     Mongrel,  mule,  cross. 

Hybrid,  a.     Mongrel,  cross-bred,  hermaphrodite. 

Hydra,  «.     I.  (Mytkol.)     Many-headed  monster. 
2.    Spectre,  hobgoblin,  ogre,  Gorgon,  bugbear, 
poker,   bugaboo,  frightful  object,  raw  head  and 
bloody  bones. 

Hydrant,  «.  Discharge-pipe  {from  the  main  of 
an  aqueduct),  water-plug. 

Hydrargjnrum,  n.    Mercury,  quicksilver. 

Hydrate,  n.     Hydro-oxide. 

Hydraulic  press.  Bramah  press,  hydrostatic 
press. 

HydrauUc  ram.     Water-ram. 

Hydrocephalus,  «.     Dropsy  of  the  brain. 

Hydrochlorate, «.    Muriate. 

l^drochloric  acid.     Muriatic  acid. 

Hydrocyanic  acid.    Prussic  acid. 

Hydrogen,  «.  {Chem.)  Inflammable  air,  phlo- 
giston. 

Hydro-oxide, «.    Hydrate. 

Hydropathist,  «.  I.  Water-doctor,  expert  in 
hydropathy. 

2.   Believer  in  hydropathy,  practiser  of  water- 
cure. 

Hydropathy,  «.     Water-cure, 

Hydrophobia,  «.    (Med)  Canine  madness,  rabies. 

^toSuSiS;'!-     D-psyof,heey=. 

Hydrostatic  press.  Bramah  press,  hydraulic 
press. 

HydrosulphuriC  acid.     Sulphuretted  hydrogen 

Hydrous,  a.     Watery. 

Hyemal,  a.  Brumal,  wintry,  frosty,  icy,  cold, 
chilling. 

Hyena,  n.     Tiger-wolf. 

^geia,  «.     (Mythol.)    Goddess  of  health. 

Hygiene,  n.  Hygienics,  science  of  health,  sanitary 
science. 

Hygienics, «.  Hygiene,  science  of  health,  sanitary 
science. 

Hylcbate,  n.    Gibbon,  long-armed  ape. 

Hymen,  ».     I.   (Mythol.)     God  of  marriage. 

2.  (A nat.)    Virginal  membrane,  maidenhead. 

HjTneneal,  «.     Hymenean,  marriage  song. 

Hymeneal,  a.  Nuptial,  connubial,  matrimonial, 
bridal,  conjugal,  conjugial. 

Hymenean,  n.     Hymeneal,  marriage  song. 

Hymn,  «.  Song  (of /raise),  devotional  song,  spir- 
itual song,  sacred  song,  sacred  lyric. 

Hyoid  bone.     (Anat.)     Bone  of  the  tongue. 

HyOSCyamuS,  n.     Henbane,  stinking  nightshade. 

Hyperbaton,  «.  {Rhet.)  Inversion,  transposition 
of  words. 

H3Tperbole,  «.     (Rhet.)     Exaggeration. 

Hyperborean,  «.     I.    Most  northern,  far  north. 
2.   Very  cold,  boreal,  wintry,  hyemal,  brumal, 
frosty,  icy,  frigid. 

H3T>ercritical,  a.   Over-critical,  captiously  critical. 

Hj^rcriticism,  n.     Captious  criticism. 

HS^notiC,  a.     Soporific,  somniferous. 

Hypnotic,  n.     Narcotic,  soporific,  opiate. 

Hypnotism,  «.     Sleepiness,  lethargy. 

H3'TOChOUdria,  «•  (Med)  Melancholy,  spleen, 
vapors,  depression,  dejection,  hypochondriasis, 
low  spirits. 

Hypochondriac,  «.  Seek-sorrow,  self-tormentor, 
victim  of  melancholy  or  hypochondria. 

Hypochondriacal,  \  a.      Melancholy,       splenetic, 

l^rpochondriac,  )  dispirited,  dejected,  de- 
pressed, hipped. 

Hypochondriasis,  n.  (Med.)  Melancholy.  See 
Hypochondria. 

Hypocrisy,  n.  I.  Pharisaism,  formalism,  sancti- 
moniousness, cant,  pietism,  assumed  piety. 

2.    Dissimulation,    deceit,    deception,    impos- 
ture, pretence,  false  profession. 


HYPOCRITE 


215 


IDOL 


hypocrite,  «.     I.   Pharisee,  formalist,  canter. 

2.   Dissembler,  deceiver,  impostor,  pretender, 
cheat. 
HjPOCritiCt      )  a.    I.   Pharisaical,  canting,  sanc- 
E(^^OCritical,  J      timouious. 

2.   Dissembling,  insincere,   false,  hollow,  de- 
ceitful, faithless. 
^ypOg:e]le  rocks.     Primary  rocks. 
Hypostasis,  n.     I.   Substance,  subsistence. 
2.  Person,  personality. 


3.  Principle,  element. 
Hypostatic  imion.    Incarnation. 
Hypothecate,   v.   a.      Pledge   (<w   ship,  freight, 

cargo,  etc.,  without  delivery),  moriyage. 
Hypothesis,  ».     Supposition,  theory. 
H3^thetiC,      )  a.     Conditional,   that  involves  ao 
Hypothetical, )      hypothesis,  conjectural. 
Hysteria,  «.    {Med.)     Hysterics. 
Hysteric,      \a.     I.   Spasmodic. 
Hysterical,  J        2.  Affected  with  hysteric& 


I 


lamUc,  n.    I.   lambas. 

2.   Iambic  verse. 
Ibex,  n.    Stein-boc  {Capra  ibex). 
Ibidem,  ad.    [L.]     In  the  same  place. 
Ice,  «.     I.   Frozen  water. 

2.  Concreted  sugar,  icing,  frosting. 

3.  Ice-cream. 

Ice,  V.  a.  I.  Freeze,  congeal,  convert  into 
ice. 

2.  Coat  or  cover  with  ice,  ice  over. 

3.  Coat  or  cover  with  icing,  frost. 

4.  Chill,  make  icy. 
Ice-cream,  «.    Ice. 

Iceland-cxTStal,  n.    See  Iceland-spar. 
Iceland-spar,  n.   Calcareous  spar,  crystallized  car- 
bonate of  lime,  Iceland-crystal. 

Ichnography,  «.    Ground-plan,  horizontal  section. 
Ichor,  n.     I.   {Mythol.)     Blood  of  the  gods. 

2.    Serous  humor,  watery  fluid. 
Ichorous,  a.     Serous,  watery,  thin. 

IchthySSlia, !  «•    I^'"sl^^^'  fi^^-g^"«'  <=^'^^°^'^- 
Icing,  n.     Frosting,  concreted  sugar  {for  coating 

cake). 
Iconoclasm,  n.     Image-breaking. 
Iconoclast,  n.     Image-breaker. 
Icterus,  «.     (^Med)    Jaundice. 
Icy,  a.     I.   Glacial. 

2.  Cold,  chilling,  frosty,  intensely  cold. 

3.  Frigid,  indifferent,  cold-hearted. 

Idea,  «.  I.  \,I n  the  Platonic  philosophy. '\  Arche- 
type {conceived  of  as  existing  from  eternity), 
pattern,  model,  exemplar,  form,  essence  (<:<7/«w<7« 
to  many  individual  things  and  represented  by 
a  general  term),  creative  or  self-active  ideal. 

2.  [/«  the  Kantian  philosophy. \  Supreme 
principle  of  pure  reason,  regulative  first  princi- 
ple, highest  unitary  principle  of  thought.  [  There 
are  three  such,  —  the  Self  the  Cosmic  Force, 
and  God.] 

3.  [/«  the  Hegelian  philosophy.]  Supreme 
principle,  the  Absolute,  the  Self-existent,  as  the 
unity  of  subject  and  object,  God. 

4.  Universal  concept,  conception,  notion, 
general  or  universal  conception. 

5.  Object  of  thought,  image  in  the  mind, 
mental  representation  of  an  object,  image  in  re- 
flection, memory,  or  imagination. 

6.  Impression,  apprehension,  thought,  fancy, 
conceit. 

7._  Opinion,  belief,  supposition,  judgment, 
sentiment. 

8.   Guiding  conception^  organizing  conception, 
formative  notion,  regulative  principle. 
Ideal,  a.     I.    Intellectual,  mental. 

2.  Imaginary,  unreal,  fanciful,  fantastic,  fan- 
cied, illusory,  chimerical,  visionary,  shadowy. 

3.  Complete,  perfect,  consummate,  filling  our 
Utmost  conceptions. 


Ideal,    n.    Imaginary   standard,    ideal  model  of 

p>erfection. 
JUealism,  n.      Idealistic  philosophy,   theory  that 

matter  is  the  phenomenon  of  mind,  theory  that 

mind  alone  is  absolute. 
Ideality,  »•    imagination,  conception,  invention, 

fancy. 
Idem.    [L.]    The  same,  ditto. 
IdentlClU,  a.     Same,  selfsame,  very  same,  one  and 

the  same,  exactly  the  same,  not  diflfereut. 
Identify,  v.  a.     I.   Prove  to  be  identical,  prove  to 

be  the  same,  ascertain  to  be  the  same. 
2.   Make  identical,  regard  as  one,  consider  the 

same,  take  for  identical,  confound. 
IdentU^,  v.  n.     Become  identical,  be  the  same. 
Identi^,  n.     Sameness. 
Ideology,  n.     I.  Science  of  ideas,  theory  of  the 

origin  of  ideas,   doctrine  of   the    evolution    of 

ideas. 
2.   Sensationalism,     sensualism,    empiricism, 

sensuous  theory  of  the  origin  of  ideas,  doctrine 

that    all    ideas    are    evolved    from    elementary 

sensations. 
Id  est.    [L.]    That  is. 
Idlocrasy,  n.     Peculiarity,  idiosyncrasy,  peculiar 

temperament. 
Idiocy,  n.     I.   Condition  of  an  idiot,  imbecility, 

native  irrationality,  congenital  imbecility- 
2.   Foolishness,  imbecility,  fatuity,  feebleness 

of  intellect,  want  of  understanding. 
Idiom,  «.      I.    Peculiar  mode  or  turn  of  expres- 
sion {sanctioned  by  use  in  any  language). 

2.  Genius    {of    a    language),    characteristic 
quality. 

3.  Dialect. 

Idiomatic,      |  a.     Peculiar  {as  respects  any  mode 

Idiomatical,  )      of  expression). 

Idi083aicrasy,    «.      Peculiarity  {of  constitution), 

idiocrasy,  peculiar  temperament. 
Idiot,   n.     Fool,   natural,  natural  fool,   congenital 

imbecile,  imbecile- 
Idiotic,      )  a.     I.   Marked    by    idiocy,    imbecile, 
Idlotical,  J      bom   imbecile. 

2.  Pertaining  to  idiots,  characteristic  of  idiots. 

3.  Foolish,  sottish,  fatuous. 

Idle,  a.     I.   Unemployed,   unoccupied,  unbusied, 
inactive. 

2.  Indolent,  lazy,  slothful,  sluggish,  inert. 

3.  Vacant,  unused,  leisure. 

4.  Useless,  ineffectual,  bootless,  finiitless,  un- 
availing, vain,  futile,  abortive. 

5.  Trifling,  trivial,  unimportant,  trashy,  fool- 
ish, unprofitable. 

Idle  away.     Waste,  spend  in  idleness. 

Idler,  «.     Drone,  sluggard,  laggard,  lounger,  daw- 
dler, trifler,  doodle,  slowback,  inefficient  person. 

Idol,  n.     I.    Pagan,  deity,  false  god. 

2.    Falsity,    illusion,    delusion,    deluding   as- 
sumption. 


IDOLATER 


216 


ILLUMINATE 


3.  Favorite,  pet,  darling. 
Idolater,  «.     I.    Worshipper  of  idols. 

2.   Adorer,  great  admirer. 
Idolatry,  «.     I.    Worship  of  idols. 

2.   Excessive   love,  extravagant  fondness,  ex- 
cessive veneration. 
Idolize,  V.  a.     I.  Deify. 

2.   Adore,   reverence  or  love   excessively,  be 
extravagantly  fond  of. 
Idyl,  «.    [Written  also /i/y//.]    I.  Bucolic,  eclogue, 
pastoral,  pastoral  poem. 
2.    Short  poem  {highly  lurou^ht). 
If,  conj.     I.   Suppose  that,  admitting  that,  allovv- 
ing  that,  granting  that,  grant  that,  on  the  supposi- 
tion that. 
2.  Whether,  whether  or  not. 
Igneous,  a.     I.    Fiery. 

2.   Molten,  produced  under  the  action  of  fire. 
Ignis  fatUllS.     [L.]    Jack-with-a-lantem,  Jack-a- 
lantern,     Will-with-the-wisp,     Will-o'-the-wisp, 
corpse-candle. 
Ignite,  V.  a.     Kindle,  set  fire  to,  set  on  fire. 
^nite,  V.  n.     Kindle,  take  fire,  catch  fire. 
Ignoble,   a.     I.    Plebeian,  vulgar,  untitled,  base- 
born,  low-bora,  mean,  low,  rustic,  peasant,  hedge- 
born. 

2.  Worthless,  insignificant,  mean,  contempt- 
ible. 

3.  Dishonorable,  disgraceful,  base,  unworthy, 
low. 

Ignominious,  a.  I.  Dishonorable,  disgraceful, 
shameful,  infamous,  scandalous,  disreputable, 
opprobrious,  full  of  ignominy. 

2.  Deserving  ignominy,  despicable,  con- 
temptible, base,  infamous. 

Ignominy,  «.  Dishonor,  disgrace,  discredit,  dis- 
repute, shame,  infamy,  obloquy,  contempt,  op- 
probrium, odium,  scandal,  abasement. 

Ignoramus,  «.  Sciolist,  smatterer,  novice,  wise- 
acre, greenhora,  simpleton,  numskull.  See 
Dunce. 

Ignorance,  ».  Illiteracy,  nescience,  darkness, 
blindness,  want  of  knowledge. 

Ignorant,  a.  Unlearned,  uninstructed,  unin- 
formedj  uneducated,  untaught,  unenlightened, 
blind,  illiterate,  unlettered,  dark. 

Ignorant  of.     Unaware  of,  unacquainted  with. 

Ignore,  v.  a.     I.   Regard  as  unknown,  shut  one's 
eyes  to,   leave  out  of   view,   not  recognize,  not 
take  into    account,    disregard,    neglect,    utterly 
overlook. 
2.   {Law.)    Reject,  set  aside. 

HI,  a.     I.   Bad,  evil,  unfortunate,  unfavorable. 

2.  Wicked,  wrong,  iniquitous,  naughty. 

3.  Sick,  diseased,  ailing,  disordered,  very  un- 
well, indisposed,  out  of  health,  seriously  mdis- 
posed. 

4.  Cross,  crabbed,  surly,  peevish,  malicious, 
hateful. 

5.  Ugly,  ill-favored. 

HI,  «.     I.   Wickedness,  depravity,  evil. 

2.  Misfortune,  calamity,  misery,  harm,  pain, 
evil,  affliction. 

HI,  ad.     I.   Badly,  not  well. 

2.   With  difficulty,  not  easily. 

Hl-advised,  a.  injudicious,  unwise,  imprudent, 
foolish,  ill-judged. 

niation,  n.     Inference,  deduction,  conclusion. 

niative,  a.     Inferential,  deductive. 

ni-ljred,  a.  Impolite,  uncivil,  uncourteous,  dis- 
courteous, uncourtly,  unpolished,  uncouth,  rude, 
ill-behaved,  ill-mannered. 

Hl-breedlng,  «.  Impoliteness,  incivility,  rude- 
ness, discourtesy,  ill  manners,  coarseness,  uu- 
couthness,  gaucherie. 

Illegal,  a.     Unlawful,  illicit,  unlicensed. 

Illegality,  n.    Unlawfulness,  illicitness. 


Illegible,  a.     Unreadable,  impossible  to  be  read, 

undecipherable,  indecipherable. 
Illegitimate,  a.    I.   Unlawfully  begotten,  born  out 

of  wedlock. 

2.  Spurious,  not  genuine. 

3.  Unauthorized,  unlawful,  illicit,  improper. 
m-fated,  a.     Luckless,  unlucky,  unfortunate,  ill- 
starred. 

ni-favored,  a.    Ugly,  homely,  plain,  ill-looking. 

Hl-flavored,  a.  Unsavory,  unpalatable,  disagree- 
able in  taste. 

ni-humor,  n.  Fretfulness,  peevishness,  petu- 
lance, testiness,  ill-temper. 

Illiberal,  a.    I,  Parsimonious,  stingy,  miserly,  nig- 
gardly, penurious,  ungenerous,  sordid,  covetous, 
mean,  selfish,  close,  close-fisted. 
2.   Uncharitable,  narrow,  narrow-minded. 

Illicit,  a.  I.  Unlawful,  illegal,  illegitimate,  un- 
authorized, unlegalized,  unlicensed. 

2.  Improper,  forbidden,  wrong,  guilty,  crim- 
inal. 

Illimitable,  a.  Boundless,  infinite,  unbounded, 
immense,  vast. 

Illiteracy,  «.     I.    Ignorance,  want   of  learning, 
want  of  literary  culture. 
2.   Inability  to  read  and  write. 

Illiterate,  a.     I.   Uninstructed  {in  books),  unlet- 
tered, unlearned,  untaught,  ignorant. 
2.   Unable  to  read  and  write. 

ni-judged,  a.  Unwise,  injudicious,  imprudent, 
foolish^  ill-advised. 

ni-looking,  a.    Ugly,  homely,  plain,  Ill-favored. 

Hl-mannered,  a.  impolite,  uncivil,  uncourteous, 
discourteous,  uncourtly,  unpolished,  uncouth, 
rude,  ill-behaved,  ill-bred. 

ni-nature,  «.  I.  Malevolence,  unkindness,  ha- 
tred, enmity,  ill-will. 

2.  Moroseness,  sullenness,  sourness,  acerbity, 
acrimoniousness,  bitterness,  ill-temper,  bad 
temper. 

ni-natured,  a.  I.  Malevolent,  unkind,  disoblig- 
ing, unfriendly,  unamiable,  hateful. 

2.  Morose,  sullen,  sulky,  cross,  churlish, 
crabbed,  sour,  perverse,  wayward,  crusty,  petu- 
lant, cross-grained,  ill-tempered,  acrimonious, 
bitter. 

niness,  «.  Disease,  sickness,  indisposition,  ailing, 
ailment,  complaint,  disorder,  distemper. 

Illogical,  a.  Inconclusive,  inconsequent,  falla- 
cious, incorrect,  unsound,  inconsistent. 

niogicalness,  «.  Inconsequence,  inconclusive- 
ness,  inconsistency. 

Dl-proportioned,  a.  Misshapen,  misproportioned, 
shapeless,  ill-shaped,  ill-made,  awkvvard. 

ni-provided,  a.  Ill-furnished,  scantily  supplied, 
poorly  equipped. 

Hl-Spent,  a.     Wasted,  misspent. 

Hl-Starred,  a.  Unlucky,  luckless,  unfortunate, 
ill-fated,  unhappy. 

Hl-temper,  «.  Moroseness,  sullenness,  sulkiness, 
crabbedness,  crossness,  perverseness,  bad 
temper.     See  Ill-nature. 

Hl-tempered,  a.     Morose.     See  Ill-natured. 

ni-timed,  a.  Unseasonable,  untimely,  inoppor- 
tune, inapposite,  irrelevant,  out  of  place. 

m -treat,  v-  a.     Maltreat,  injure,  abuse,  ill-use. 

HI  turn.  I.  Unkind  ,act,  unkindness,  wrong, 
unfriendly  turn. 

2.   (Colloq.)     Slight  illness. 

Hlude,  V.  a.  Mock,  deceive,  disappoint,  cheat, 
balk,  dupe. 

Hliune,  V.  a.  {Poetical.)  Illuminate,  light  up, 
light. 

Hluminate,  v.  a.  I.  Light,  illumine,  illume,  sup- 
ply with  light. 

2.  Adorn  with  lights  {as  a  building),  light  up. 

3.  Adora  with  colored  letters. 


ILLUMINE 


217 


IMMENSE 


4.   Enlighten,  illumine,  make  wise,  instruct, 

inspire,  give  insight. 
niomine,   v.    a.      I.    Light,    illuminate,    illume, 

supply  with  light. 
2.   Enlighten.     See  Illuminate,  4. 
Blasionf  n~      Delusion,   hallucination,   deception, 

error,     fallacy,     mockery,     fantasy,     phantasm, 

chimera,  false  show. 
Ulusive,  I  a.     Deceptive,  deceitful,  delusive,  fal- 
Illusory, )     lacious. 
Illustrate,  v.  a.    I.   Elucidate,  explain,  exemplify, 

make  clear,  make  plain,  throw  light  upon. 
2.   Adorn  with  pictures. 
BlllStratioil,    n.       I.     Elucidation,     explanation, 

exemplification. 
2.   Illustrative  picture. 
Illastrative,  a.     Explanatory,  elucidative. 
lUastriouS,  a.      I.    Glorious,  splendid,    brilliant, 

bright,  radiant. 

2.  Famous,  famed,  noted,  distinguished,  re- 
nowned, celebrated,  conspicuous,  eminent,  signal, 

remarkable. 
Ill-will,   «.       Malevolence,   unkindness,    malice, 

enmity,   hate,   hatred,   rancor,   uncharitableness, 

ill-nature,  envy,  grudge. 
Image,  n.     I.   Statue. 

2.  Idol,  object  of  worship. 

3.  Likeness,  effigy,  figure,  similitude,  resem- 
blance, picture,  representation  of  an  object  ^reaZ 
or  fane  ted). 

4.  Trope,  figurative  expression. 
Image*  v.  a-    I.   Form  an  image  of. 

2.   Fancy,  picture.     See  Imagine. 
Imagery,    «.       I.    Phantasm,    phantom,    vision, 
dream,  fanciful  forms. 

2.  Tropes,  figures  of  speech,   figurative   lan- 
guage. 
ImagUiabley  a.    Conceivable. 
Imaginary,  a,     I.  Visionary,  ideal,  fancied,  fanci- 
ful, chimerical,  dreamy,  unreal,  illusory,  illusive, 
shadowy,  wild.  Quixotic,  Utopian. 
2.    Hypothetical,  supposed,  assumed. 
Imagination,  ».      I.   Conception  (««zV^^  «///A /^ 
faculty  of  recontbining  ideas  so  as  to  form  a  neiv 
creation)^    invention,    ideality,    creative    power, 
plastic  power,  fancy,  fantasy. 

2.  Imaginative  faculty,  faculty  of  original  con- 
ception, faculty  of  invention,  esemplastic  faculty, 
power  to  mould  the  manifold  of  experience  into 
new  unities. 

3.  Imaging  power,  vision  of  the  past  as  pres- 
ent or  of  the  possible  as  actual,  reproductive 
perception,  anticipatlve  perception. 

4.  Mental  image,  idea,  conception,  notion. 

5.  Contrivance,  scheme,  device,  plot. 

6.  Illusion,  arbitrary  notion  or  supposition, 
fanciful  opinion,  fancy. 

Imaginative,  a.  Inventive,  creative,  plastic,  poet- 
ical, esemplastic. 

Imagine,  v.  a.  I.  Conceive,  image,  fancy,  picture, 
picture  to  one's  self,  figure  to  one's  self. 

2.  Devise,  contrive,  project,  frame,  invent, 
mould,  create. 

3.  Suppose,  assume,  take  for  hypothesis,  make 
the  hypothesis. 

4.  Think,  believe,  suppose,  apprehend,  deem. 
Imagine,  v.  n.      Suppose,    think,    opine,  believe, 

deem,  assume,   fancy,  dream,  take  it  into  one's 
head,  have  a  notion. 
Imbecile,  a.     I.   Weak,  feeble,  infirm,  helpless, 
decrepit. 
2.    Foolish,  witless,  drivelling,  idiotic,  fatuous. 
Imbecile,  n.     I.    Dotard,  feeble  person. 

2.    Idiot,  natural,  congenital  imbecile. 
Imbecility,  «.     I.   Weakness,  feebleness,  debility, 
infirmity,  helplessness. 
2.   Foolishness,  childishness,  idiocy,  fatuity. 


Imbibe,  v.  a.     I.  Absorb,  take  in,  suck  in,  suck 

up,  swallow  up. 
2.   Receive,  gather,   acquire,   gain,  get,   pick 

up 
Imbitter,  v.  a.     [Written  preferably  Embitter.^ 

1.  Make  bitter. 

2.  Make  unhappy  or  grievous. 

3.  Exasperate,  madden,  enrage,  anger. 
Imbosom,  v.  a.     [Written  preferably  Embosom.\ 

1.  Hold  in  the  bosom. 

2.  Enclose,  surround. 

SKted,}-     (^"^-J    Overiapplng. 

Imbroglio,  «.     [It.]     I.   Intricate  plot. 

2.  Complication,  complexity,  entanglement, 
embarrassing  situation,  complicated  misunder- 
standing. 

Imbrue,  v.  a.     Wet,  moisten,  steep,  soak,  drench. 

Imbrute,  v.  a.     Brutify,  brutalize. 

Imbue,  V.  a.  I.  Tinge,  dye,  stain,  tint,  tincture, 
color. 

2.  Tincture  deeply,  pervade,  infuse,  steep, 
bathe,  impregnate,  inoculate. 

Imitate,  v.  a.     I.    Copy,  follow,  pattern  after. 

2.  Mimic,  ape,  mock,  personate,  impersonate, 
take  off. 

3.  Parody,  travesty,  burlesque,  turn  into  bur- 
lesque. 

Imitation,  n.     I.  Copying,  imitating. 

2.  Copy,  resemblance,  likeness. 

3.  Mimicry,  mocking. 

4.  Parody,  travesty,  burlesque. 
Imitative,  a.     I.    Imitating,  copying. 

2.    Mimicking,  aping,  apish. 
Imitator,  n.     Copyist. 

Immaculate,  a.  I.  Spotless,  unspotted,  stainless, 
unsullied,  unsoiled,  untainted,  unblemished,  un- 
tarnished, undefiled,  clean,  pure. 

2.    Innocent,  guiltless,  sinless,  faultless,  pure, 
saintly,  stainless,  holy,  untainted  by  sin. 
Immanence,  n.     Inherence,  indwelling. 
Immanent,  a.      I.    Intrinsic,   inherent,   internal, 
indwelling. 

2.  {Met.)      Empirical,   remaining  within    the 
bounds  of  experience,  belonging  to  the  world  of 
sense. 
Immaterial,   a.      I.    Incorporeal,  unbodied,    un- 
fleshly,  spiritual,  supersensible. 

2.  Unimportant,  insignificant,  unessential, 
non-essential,  of  no  importance,  of  no  conse- 
quence. 

iSSStlSfe,}-     Spirituality,     incorporeity. 

Immature,  «.  I.  Unripe,  crude,  green,  raw,  un- 
formed, unprepared,  rudimental,  imperfect,  un- 
finished. 

2.  Premature,  hasty,  untimely,  unseasonable, 
out  of  season. 

Immatureness, )  n.     Unripeness,  cradeness,  crud- 

Immaturity,  /  ity,  incompleteness,  greenness, 
rawness. 

Immeasurable,  a.  Illimitable,  limitless,  bound- 
less, unbounded,  measureless,  immense,  infinite. 

Immediate,  a.     I.    Proximate,  close,  near,  next. 

2.  Direct,  without  other  agency,  unmediated. 

3.  Instantaneous,  instant,  present. 
Immediately,  ad.     I.    Closely,  proximately. 

2.  Directly,  without  any  intervention. 

3.  Instantly,  forthwith,  just  now,  without 
delay,  this  moment,  directly,  instanter. 

Immemorial,  a.  Beyond  memory,  that  cannot  be 
remembered,  olden,  ancient,  hoary,  reaching 
back  beyond  tradition. 

Immense,    a.   ^  I.    Illimitable,      boundless,     un- 
bounded,  unlimited,  interminable,  measureless, 
infinite. 
2.  Vast,    enormous,    prodigious,   stupendous; 


IMMENSITY 


218 


IMPASSIBILITY 


huge,  gigantic,  colossal,  Cyclopean,  Herculean, 
very  great. 
Immensity,  n.     I.   Infinity,  infinitude,  boundless- 
ness, illimitableness. 

2.  Vastness,  hugeness. 

3.  Infinite  extension,  boundless  space,  space. 
Immerge,  v.  a.     See  Immekse. 

Immerge,  v.  «.  Plunge  out  of  sight,  disappear, 
enter  within  a  bound.     [Opposite  of  Emerge.] 

Immerse,  v.  a.     I.    Dip,   plunge,  immerge,   sub- 
merge, overwhelm,  sink,  douse,  souse,  duck. 
2.    Involve,  engage,  absorb,  sink. 

Immersion,  n.     I.   Dipping,  plunging,  immersing. 

2.  Engagement,  absorption. 

3.  (Astron.)    Disappearance,  occultation. 

4.  Baptism  by  dippmg  or  immersion. 
Immersionist,    «•     Baptist,    believer    in    immer- 
sion. 

Immesh,  v.  a.  Entangle  (as  in  the  meshes  of  a 
net),  ensnare. 

Immetliodical,  a.  Unsystematic,  irregular,  un- 
methodical, confused,  desultory,  disorderly. 

Immethodically,  ad.  Irregularly,  confusedly,  un- 
systematically,  in  a  desultory  fashion,  in  a  dis- 
orderly manner,  pell-mell,  helter-skelter. 

Imminent,  a.  I.  Impending,  threatening,  im- 
pendent, near  at  hand. 

2.  Threatening  harm,  perilous,  dangerous, 
alarming. 

Immitigable,  a.  Not  to  be  mitigated,  that  can- 
not be  mitigated,  unappeasable,  that  cannot  be 
allayed  or  assuaged. 

Immobile,  a.  I.  Fixed,  motionless,  steadfast, 
stable,  inflexible,  immovable. 

2.  Rigid,  stiff,  expressionless,  without  play  of 
features,  dull,  stolid. 

Immobility,  «.  I.  Unmovableness,  immovable- 
ness,  immovability,  fixity,  fixedness,  moveless- 
ness,  steadfastness,  stability. 

2.  Inflexibility,  rigidity,  stiffness,  lack  of  ex- 
pression, lack  of  play  in  features,  dulness, 
stolidity. 

Immoderate,  a.  Inordinate,  excessive,  unreason- 
able, extravagant,  exorbitant,  intemperate. 

Immodest,  a.  I.  Indelicate,  indecorous,  shame- 
less, gross,  coarse. 

2.  Bold,  forward,  brazen,  impudent,  destitute 
of  proper  reserve. 

3.  Impure,  obscene,  indecent,  smutty,  lewd, 
unchaste,  filthy,  coarse,  gross,  broad. 

Immodesty,  «.  I.  Indelicacy,  indecorum,  gross- 
ness,  coarseness,  shamelessness,  impudicity. 

2.  Boldness,  forwardness,  brass,  impudence, 
want  of  proper  reserve,  impudicity. 

3.  Impurity,  obscenity,  lewdness,  unchastity, 
smuttiness,  indecency,  impudicity. 

Immolate,  v.  a.  Sacrifice,  offer  up,  offer  in  sac- 
rifice, kill  as  a  victim. 

Immolation,  «.     I.   Sacrifice,   sacrificing,  act  of 
sacrifice. 
2.   Sacrifice  {offered). 

Immoral,  a.  I.  [Said  of  actions.']  Wrong, 
wicked,   vicious,   sinful,  corrupt,   loose. 

2.  \,Said  of  persons^  Bad,  wicked,  unprin- 
cipled, depraved,  loose  in  behavior,  profligate, 
dissolute,  vicious. 

3.  \Said  of  habitual  conduct.]  Loose,  de- 
praved, unprincipled,  dissolute. 

Immorality,  «.  I.  Wickedness,  vice,  sin,  sinful- 
ness, depravity,  corruption,  corruptness,  de- 
moralization, criminality,  profligacy,  want  of 
principle. 

2.  Immoral  action,  sin,  vice,  wrong,  wrong 
act. 

Immortal,  a.  I.  Undying,  deathless,  ever-living, 
imperishable,  incorruptible,  unfading,  indestruc- 
tible, indissoluble,  never-dying. 


2.  Eternal,  everlasting,  endless,  perpetual, 
ceaseless,  never-ending. 

3.  \,By  hyperbole.]  Lasting,  enduring,  per- 
manent, abiding,  lasting  through  all  time  or  as 
long  as  the  world  endures. 

Immortality,  «.  I.  Exemption  from  death, 
deathlessness,  indestructibility,  incorruptibility, 
incorruption. 

2.  Perpetuity,  unlimited  existence,  endless 
life,  eternal   continuance 

3.  Perpetual  fame,  exemption  from  oblivion. 
Immortalize,  v.  a.    I.   Exempt  from  death,  make 

immortal. 

2.  Perpetuate,  make  everlasting. 

3.  Perpetuate  in  memory,  exempt  from  ob- 
livion, make  forever  famous. 

Immortelle,    n.      [Fr.]      Cudweed,     everlasting, 

goldylocks. 
Immovable,  a.     I.   Fixed,  firm,  stable,  not  to  be 

moved. 

2.  Steadfast,  unshaken,  unalterable,  unchange- 
able. 

3.  (Law.)    Real. 

Immunity,  n.  I.  Freedom,  exemption,  release, 
exoneration. 

2.  Privilege,  prerogative,  right,  liberty,  charter, 
franchise. 

Immure,  v.  a.     I.   Confine,  shut  up. 
2.    Imprison,  incarcerate. 

Immutability, «.  Unchangeableness,  changeless- 
ness,  invariableness,  invariability,  constancy, 
permanence,  stability. 

Immutable,  a.  Unchangeable,  invariable,  un- 
alterable, undeviating,  inflexible,  constant,  per- 
manent, stable,  fixed. 

Imp,  n.  Sprite,  hobgoblin,  flibbertigibbet,  little 
demon  or  devil,  malignant  spirit. 

Impact,  7z.     I.   Impulse,  shock,  impression,  stroke. 
2.    Collision,  impinging,  contact,  striking. 

Impact,  V.  a.  Pack  together,  pack  close,  press 
close  together,  drive  firmly  together. 

Impair,  v.  a.  I.  Deteriorate,  injure,  vitiate,  make 
worse,  harm. 

2.  Lessen,  diminish,  decrease,  make  less. 

3.  Weaken,  enfeeble,  enervate. 

Impale,  v.  a.  I.  Thrust  upon  a  stake,  kill  by 
impaling. 

2.  Fence,  surround  with  palings,  enclose  with 
palisades. 

Impalpable,  a.  I.  Intangible,  very  fine,  delicate, 
attenuated,  not  palpable,  not  to  be  felt,  not  per- 
ceptible by  the  touch. 

2.  Imperceptible,  shadowy,  indistinct,  inap- 
prehensible, unsubstantial. 

Impanation,  n.  Consubstantiation,  Lutheran  doc- 
trine of  the  Eucharist. 

Imparadise,  v.  a.  Put  in  paradise,  enrapture, 
raise  to  bliss,  transport,  enravish,  ravish,  exalt  to 
supreme  felicity. 

Impart,  v.  a.  I.  Give,  grant,  bestow.  See 
Confer. 

2.  Communicate,  divulge,  disclose,  reveal,  tell, 
make  known. 

Impartial,  a.  Unbiassed,  unprejudiced,  candid, 
disinterested,  equitable,  just,  fair,  honorable, 
even-handed. 

Impartiality,  «.  Disinterestedness,  candor,  equi- 
tableness,  justice,  fairness,  honor,  honorableness, 
fair  play. 

Impassable,  a.  Impervious,  impermeable,  im- 
penetrable, pathless,  affording  no  passage,  that 
cannot  be  travelled. 

Impassibility,  «.  I.  Impassiveness,  insensi- 
bility, impassivity,  lack  of  feeling,  indifier- 
ence. 

2.  Incapability  of  suffering,  insusceptibility  to 
pain  or  grief,  impassivity,  impassiveness,  sover- 


IMPASSIBLE 


219 


IMPLICATION 


tiga  omnipotence,  unconditioned  existence,  self- 
activity. 

Impassible,  a.  I.  Impassive,  insensible,  indiffer- 
ent, insusceptible. 

2.    Incapable  of  suffering  from  external  condi- 
tions, self-active,  omnipotent,  above  pain  <^ grief. 

Impassionedt  a.  Passionate,  vehement,  impetu- 
ous, glowing,  intense,  excited,  animated,  fervid, 
fervent,  zealous,  warm,  ardent. 

Impassive,  a.     See  Impassible. 

Impatience,  «•  I.  Disquietude,  restlessness,  un- 
easiness. 

2.  Vehemence,  impetuosity,  haste,  eagerness, 
precipitation. 

3.  Lack  of  forbearance,  want  of  patience,  irri- 
tability, irritableness,  heat,  violence  of  temper. 

Impatient,  a.     I.   Unquiet,  uneasy,  restless. 

2.  Hasty,  precipitate,  vehement,  impetuous, 
eager. 

3.  Without  forbearance,  irritable,  hot,  violent, 
vehement,  testy,  fretful. 

Impawn,  v.  a.     Pawn,  pledge,  put  in  pawn. 
Impeach,  v.  a.     I.   Arraign,  accuse,  indict. 

2.  Arraign  for  malfeasance  in  office,  accuse  of 
maladministration. 

3.  Discredit,  asperse,  call  in  q^uestion,  censure, 
denounce,  disparage,  criminate,  nnpair,  lessen. 

Impeccability,  n.  Sinlessness,  fauitlessness,  im- 
maculateness,  innocence,  purity,  incapability  of 
wrong. 

Impeccable,  a.  Sinless,  faultless,  immaculate, 
stainless,  incapable  of  wrong. 

Impede,  v.  a.  Hinder,  obstruct,  stop,  clog,  check, 
retard,  delay,  interrupt,  thwart,  restrain,  block, 
encumber. 

Impediment,  «.  Hindrance,  obstruction,  ob- 
stacle, check,  bar,  difficulty,  stumbling-block, 
encumbrance. 

Impel,  V.  a.  I.  Drive,  push,  urge,  put  in  motion, 
press  on,  urge  forward 

2.    Induce,   move,   persuade,   influence,  insti- 
gate, incite,  actuate,  stimulate,  set  on,  stir  up. 

Impend,  v.  m.     I.  Threaten,  hang  over,  be  immi- 
nent, be  in  store,  stare  one  in  the  face. 
2.    Be  near,  draw  near,  approach,  be  at  hand. 

Impendent,   a.      Impending,    threatening,    immi- 
nent, near  at  hand- 
Impenetrable,  a.    I.  Not  to  be  penetrated,  not 
to  be  pierced. 

2.  Dull,  obtuse,  senseless,  insensible,  indiffer- 
ent, impassive,  unsympathetic,  stolid,  cold. 

3.  Unfathomable,  reticent,  that  keeps  his  own 
counsel,  not  to  be  found  out. 

Impenitence,  J  «.     Obduracy   hardness  of  heart, 

Impenitency,  )  stubborn  smfulness,  want  of  re- 
pentance, refusal  to  repent,  lack  of  contrition. 

Impenitent,  a.  Uncontrite,  unrepentant,  obdu- 
rate, hardened,  seared,  recusant,  relentless,  in- 
corrigible, irreclaimable. 

Imperative,  a.     I.     Commanding,   authoritative, 
peremptory. 
2.    Binding,  obligatory. 

Imperceptible,    a.      I.   Invisible,    undiscemible, 
not  to  be  perceived. 
2.  Fine,  minute,  very  small,  impalpable. 

Imperfect,  a.     I.  Defective,  incomplete,  faulty, 
not  entire. 
2.  Weak,  frail,  erring. 

Imperfection,  n.  I.  Defectiveness,  &ultiness, 
incompleteness,  want  of  perfection. 

2.  Defect,  lack,  fault,  blemish,  stain- 

3.  Weakness,  frailty,  liability  to  err,  limitation. 

4.  Weakness,  frailty,  foible,  failinc,  vice. 
Imperial,   a.      I.     Belonging  ffr  relating  to   an 

empire 

2.  Kingly,  regal,  royal,  sovereign. 

3.  Majestic,  grand,  exalted,  magnificent,  no- 


ble, great,  regal,  royal,  kingly  or  queenly,  su- 
preme, sovereign,  consummate. 

Imperioos,  a.  Dictatorial,  magisterial,  domineer- 
ing, tyrannical,  despotic,  overbearing,  lordly, 
haughty,  arrogant. 

Imperishable,  a.  Indestructible,  everlasting,  un- 
fading, eternal,  perennial,  immortal,  never-end- 
ing, incorruptible. 

Impermeable,  a.  Impervious,  impenetrable,  im- 
passable. 

Impersonate,  v.  a.  I.  Personate,  take  or  act  the 
part  of,  act,  enact,  imitate,  ape,  mimic,  mock, 
take  off. 

2.  Incarnate,  personify,  invest  with  person- 
ality. 

Impersonation,  n.  I.  Incarnation,  personifica- 
tion, bodily  manifestation,  investment  with  per- 
sonality. 

2.  Impersonating,  p>ersonating,  enacting,  rep- 
resentation, imitation,  mimicking. 

SperUnency,  }  ";    ^'  /'•'•elegance,  irrelevancy. 

2.  Rudeness,  intrusiveness,  impudence,  inso- 
lence, incivility,  sauciness,  forwardness,  bold- 
ness, presumption,  effrontery,  pertness,  assurance, 
face,  front,  brass,  brazen  face.  • 

3.  Impertinent  action,  piece  of  impertinence, 
piece  of  rudeness,  etc 

Impertinent,  a.  I.  Irrelevant,  inapposite,  inap- 
plicable, not  to  the  point,  not  pertaining  to  the 
matter  in  hand,  non-pertinent. 

2.  Intrusive,  meddling,  officious,  insolent, 
rude,  impudent,  saucy,  forward,  pert,  bold,  mala- 
pert, unmannerly. 

Imperturbability,  «.  Calmness,  coolness,  com- 
posure, collectedness,  equanimity,  placidity, 
self-possession,  freedom  from   agitation. 

Imperturbable,  a.  Calm,  cool,  composed,  un- 
moved, undisturbed,  tranquil,  unruffled,  collected, 
placid,  inexcitable,  sedate,  not  to  be  disturbed. 

Impervious,  a.  Impermeable,  impenetrable,  im- 
passable. 

Impetuosity,  «.  Vehemence,  violence,  fury,  pre- 
cipitancy, precipitation,  haste,  headlong  energy 
or  force. 

Impetuous,  a.  Vehement,  violent,  furious,  fierce, 
passionate,  precipitate,  hasty,  hot,  over-zealous, 
headlong. 

Impetus,  ».     Momentum,  force,  propulsive  force. 

Imijliety,  «.  I.  Irreverence,  ungodliness,  irreli- 
gion,  profanity. 

2.  Ungodliness,  wickedness,  unrighteousness, 
sin,  sinfulness,  iniquity,  unholiness. 

3.  Act  of  impiety,  sin,  iniquity. 

4.  Unfilial  character,  lack   of  filial  devotion. 
Impinge,   v.   n.     Strike,   hit,   fall   against,   strike 

against,  dash  against,  clash  uiwuj  collide  with. 

Impious,  a.  Irreverent,  ungodly,  irreligious,  blas- 
phemous, wicked,  sinful,  unrighteous,  unholy, 
iniquitous,  profane. 

Implacability,  n.  Vindictiveness,  rancor,  inexor- 
ablenesE,  relentlessness,  inappeasableness,  mer- 
cilessness. 

Implacable,  a.  Vindictive,  inexorable,  unrelent- 
ing, relentless,  rancorous,  unappeasable,  inap- 
peasable,  merciless,  pitiless- 

Implacableness,  n.     See  Implacability. 

Implant,  7/-  <z.  I.  Ingraft,  infix,  set,  put,  place. 
2.    Instil,  infuse,  inculcate. 

Implement,  «.     Instrument,  tool,  utensil. 

Implicate,  v.  a.     I.    infold,  entangle. 

2.  Involve,  entangle,  make  participator,  bring 
into  connection  with. 

3.  Prove  to  be  concerned  or  participant  in, 
show  to  be  privy  to  or  an  abettor  of. 

Implication,  n.     I.    Involution,  entanglement 
2.  Tacit  inference,  necessary  conclusion. 


IMPLICIT 


220 


IMPRESSION 


Impllcity  a.      I.   Implied,   inferred,    understood, 

tacit. 
2.   Unreserved,    unhesitating,  firm,   undoubt- 

ing,  steadfast,  unshaken. 
ImpUcitlyt  ad.      I,   Impliedly,  virtually,  tacitly, 

by  inference,  by  implication. 
2.   Unreservedly,  with   unshaken  confidence, 

without  hesitation. 
Implore,  v.  a.     I.   Entreat,  supplicate,   beseech, 

pray,  pray  to. 
2.   Crave,  solicit,  beg,  pray  for,  petition  for. 
Imply,  V.  a.     Involve  (as  a  consequence),  include 

(3y  implication),  import,  signify,  mean. 
Impolicy,  «.     Imprudence,  indiscretion,  folly,  bad 

policy,  ill-judgment,  inexpediency. 
Impolite,  a.     Uncivil,   uncourteous,   discourteous, 

unpolished,  rude,  ungentlemanly,  rough,  boorish, 

savage,  bearish,  unrefined. 
Impolitic,  a.     Imprudent,  injudicious,   indiscreet, 

ill-advised,  ill-judged,  inexpedient. 
ImporoilS,  a.    Close,  compact,  dense,  solid,  with- 
out pores. 
Import,   V.   a.      I.    Bring  into  (a  country  from 

abroad). 

2.  Imply,  denote,  purport,  signify,  betoken, 
mean. 

3.  Concern,  be  of  importance  to,  be  of  conse- 
quence to,  be  of  interest  to. 

Import,  n.  I.  Signification,  meaning,  purport, 
sense,  drift,  gist,  spirit,  bearing,  tenor,  inten- 
tion. 

2.  Imported  merchandise. 

3.  Importance,  consequence,  weight,  moment, 
significance. 

Importance,  «.     I.    Consequence,  weight,  weighti- 
ness,  moment,  momentousness,  significance,  im- 
port, concern. 
2.   Self-importance,  consequence,  pomposity. 

Important,  a.  I.  Weighty,  momentous,  grave, 
serious,  material,  significant,  of  importance,  of 
moment,  of  great  weight. 

2.  Influential,  prominent,  of  influence,  of  high 
standing  or  station. 

3.  Self-important,  consequential,  pompous. 

Importation, «.    i.  Importmg. 

2.   Import,  merchandise  imported. 
Importunate,  a.     Urgent,  pertinacious,  pressing, 

teasing,  busy,  earnestlj*  solicitous. 
Importune,  v.  a.     Press  {by  entreaty),   urge   {by 

repeated   requests),   beset,   entreat,   dun,   solicit 

earnestly. 
Importunity,  n.     Entreaty,   urgency,    insistence, 

pressing  solicitation,  persistent  entreaty. 
Impose,  V.  a.     I.    Put,  lay,  set,  place. 

2.  Prescribe,  enjoin,  appoint. 

3.  Obtrude,  palm,  pass  off. 

Impose  on.      \   Deceive,  cheat,  chouse,  trick,  be- 

Impose  upon. )  fool,  hoax,  dupe,  delude,  circum- 
vent, victimize,  play  upon,  put  upon. 

Imposing,  a.  Grand,  stately,  august,  majestic, 
impressive,  noble,  commanding. 

Imposition,  «.  I.  Imposing,  putting,  placing, 
laying. 

2.  Constraint,  oppression,  burden,  charge,  in- 
junction, levy,  tax. 

3.  Deception,  fraud,  trickery,  artifice,  cheat- 
ing.    See  Imposture. 

Impossibility,  «.     I.   Impracticability,  inconceiv- 
ability, inability  to  be  or  occur  or  be  done. 
2.   What  cannot  be,  thing  impossible. 

Impossible,  a.  I.  Impracticable,  unfeasible,  unat- 
tainable, unachievable,  out  of  the  question. 

2.  Inconceivable,  unthinkable,  that  cannot  be, 
incapable  of  occurring  or  of  being  so,  absurd, 
self-contradictory. 

Impost,  n.  Tax,  duty,  custom,  excise,  toll,  tribute, 
rate. 


Imposthume,  «.  Abscess,  gathering,  ulcer,  fester, 
sore,  pustule. 

Impostor,  «.  Deceiver,  pretender,  cheat,  rogue, 
trickster,  tricker,  knave,  hypocrite,  Pharisee, 
quack,  charlatan,  mountebank,  double-dealer. 

Imposture,  n.  Cheat,  trick,  deception,  imposi- 
tion, hoax,  fraud,  delusion,  artifice,  ruse,  dodge, 
wile,  deceit,  stratagem,  chouse,  crafty  device. 

Impotence,  «.  ^  I.    Inability,  disability,  incapacity, 
incapability,  incompetence,  powerlessness,  help- 
lessness,  inefficiency,    weakness,  feebleness,  im- 
becility, infirmity,  frailty. 
2.   Lack  of  procreative  power. 

Impotent,  a.  I.  Powerless,  unable,  incapable,  in- 
competent, disabled,  incapacitated,  imbecile, 
weak,  feeble,  infirm,  frail,  inefficient. 

2.  Unable  to  procreate,  incapable  of  begetting 
offspring. 

Impound,  v.  a.     I.    Put  into  a  pound. 

2.  Confine,  encage,  imprison,  shut  up,  coop 
up. 

Impoverish,  v.  a.  I.  Make  poor,  bring  to  want, 
reduce  to  poverty,  reduce  to  indigence. 

2.  Exhaust  the  fertility  of,  make  sterile,  render 
barren  or  unfertile. 

Impracticability,  n.  Impossibility,  infeasibility, 
impracticableness. 

Impracticable,  a.  I.  Impossible,  unfeasible,  not 
practicable. 

2.  Hard  to  deal  with,  hard  to  get  along  with, 
obstinate,  recalcitrant,  unmanageable,  untracta- 
ble,  stubljorn,  thorny. 

3.  Impassable  {as  a  road) 
Impracticableness,  «.     Impracticability. 
Imprecate,  v.  a.      I.    Invoke   {a  curse  or  some 

evil),  call  down. 
2.   Curse,    maledict,    execrate,   anathematize. 

Imprecation,  «.     I.    invocation  (<?/■  ^-z/zV). 

2.  Curse,  malediction,  execration,  denuncia- 
tion, anathema. 

Imprecatory,  a.  Maledictory,  execrating,  curs- 
ing, conveying  curses. 

Impregn,  v.  a.    {Poetical.)    See  Impregnate. 

Impregnable,  a.  I.  Unassailable,  inexpugnable, 
not  to  be  taken  by  assault,  not  to  be  stormed, 
secure  from  capture,  tenable  against  all  odds. 

2.  Unassailable,  invulnerable,  invincible,  im- 
movable, not  to  be  shaken,  irrefragable. 

Impregnate,  v.  a.  I,  Fecundate,  make  preg- 
nant, get  with  child,  get  with  young,  cause  to 
conceive. 

2.  Imbue,  infuse,  saturate,  fill,  tincture. 

3.  {Bot.)     Fertilize,  make  prolific. 
Impregnation,  «.     I.    Fecundation,  fertilization, 

getting  with  young,  causing  to  conceive. 
2.    Infusion,  saturation,  tincture. 
Impress,  v.  a.     I.   Stamp,  print,  imprint,  mark  by 
pressure. 

2.  Affect,  strike,  move. 

3.  Inculcate,  fix  deeply. 

4.  Press,  force  into  public  service. 
Impress,   «.     I.   Print,  imprint,   stamp,   impres- 
sion, mark,  seal. 

2.  Device  {as  upon  a  seat)^  motto,  cognizance, 
symbol,  emblem. 
Impressibility,  «.      I.   Susceptibility  to  impres- 
sion. 
2.   Sensitiveness,  sensibility,  susceptibility. 
Impressible,   a.      I.    Susceptible   of  impression, 
capable  of  an  imprint,  that  can  be  indented. 
2.   Sensitive,  susceptible,  easily  affected. 
Impression,    «.    I.    Printing,    imprinting,  stamp- 
ing. 

2.  Mark,  stamp,  impress,  brand. 

3.  Sensation,  influence,  effect. 

4.  Notion,  opinion,  idea,  fancy,  indistinct 
recollection. 


IMPRESSIVE 


221 


INADEQUATENESS 


S.  Edition  {of  a  book)^  number  {of  copies) 
printed  at  once. 

Impressive,  a.  Affecting,  touching,  moving,  stir- 
ring, powerful,  striking,  overpowering. 

Imprimatur,  «.     [L.j     License  to  print. 

Imprimis,  ad.  [L.J  In  the  first  place,  first  of  all, 
first  in  order,  first. 

Imprint,  v.  a.  I.  Print,  stamp,  mark  by  pressure. 
2.   Impress,  inculcate,  fix  deeply. 

Imprison,  v.  a.  Incarcerate,  immure,  confine, 
commit,  shut  up,  put  in  duress  or  durance,  place 
in  confinement. 

Imprisonment,  «.  Incarceration,  confinement, 
commitment,  restraint,  constraint,  duress,  du- 
rance. 

Improbability,  «.     Unlikelihood. 

Improbable,  a.     Unlikely,  not  probable. 

Improbity,  n.  Dishonesty,  unfairness,  knavery, 
faithlessness,  bad  faith,  fraud,  fraudulence,  want 
of  probity,  lack  of  integrity. 

Impromptu,  a.  Extempore,  unpremeditated,  off- 
hand, improvised. 

Impromptu,  ad.  Extempore,  off-hand,  without 
premeditation. 

Impromptu,  n.  Improvisation,  extemporaneous 
effusion. 

Improper,  a.  I.  Unsuitable,  unsuited,  unfit, 
unapt,  inapposite,  inappropriate,  unadapted,  not 
proper. 

2.  Unseemly,  unbecoming,  indecent,  inde- 
corous. 

3.  Inaccurate,  incorrect,  erroneous,  wrong. 
Impropriety,   «.  _    I.    Unsuitableness,   unfitness, 

inappositeness,  inappropriateness. 

2.  Unseemliness,  indecorum,  indecorousness. 

3.  Inaccuracy,  incorrectness. 

Improve,  v.  a.  I.  Amend,  mend,  better,  meli- 
orate, ameliorate,  make  better,  rectify. 

2.  Use,  make  use  of,  turn  to  account,  avail 
one's  self  of. 

3.  Make  a  good  use  of,  turn  to  good  account, 
employ  advantageously,  make  productive. 

Improve,  v.  n.  I.  Mend,  gam,  become  better, 
get  better,  get  on,  gain  ground,  pick  up. 

2.  Make  progress,  take  a  step  forward. 

3.  {Com.)    Increase,  rise,  be  enhanced. 
Im^oyementy  M.     I.    Improving,  amending,  me- 

horating,  melioration,  amelioratmg,  amelioration, 
bettering. 

2.  Amendment,  melioration,  amelioration,  bet- 
terment, progress,  proficiency,  advancement. 

3.  Good  use,  beneficial  emploYment. 
Improve  on.    Make  better,  make  improvement  in, 

bring  nearer  to  perfection. 

Improvidence;  «.  Thriftlessness,  unthrift,  un- 
thriftiness,  imprudence,  want  of  forethought, 
carelessness  of^  the  future,  neglect  of  prepara- 
tion. 

Improvident,  a.  Thriftless,  unthrifty,  imprudent, 
prodigal,  wasteful,  without  forecast,  without  fore- 
sight, careless  of  the  future. 

Improvisate,  v.  a.  and  v,  n.  Improvise,  poetize 
extempore. 

Improvisation,  n.     I.    Improvising. 
2.    Impromptu. 

Improvise,  v.  a.  and  V.  n.  Improvisate,  compose 
or  poetize  extempore. 

Imprudence,  «.     I.   Indiscretion,  rashness,  incon- 
siderateness,  incaution,  incautiousness,  careless- 
ness, heedlessness. 
2.   Improvidence  {which  see). 

Impnident,  a.      I.    Indiscreet,  inconsiderate,  in- 
cautious, injudicious,  unadvised,  ill-advised,  ill- 
judged,  rash,  careless,  heedless. 
2.    Improvident  (wA/cA  jf^). 

Impudence,  «.  Insolence,  assurance,  presumption, 
boldness,  shamelessness,  effrontery,  rudeness,  im- 


pertinence, sauciness,  pertness,  flippancy,  brass, 
front,  face. 

Impudent,  a.  Insolent,  insulting,  presumptuous, 
bold,  shameless,  impertinent,  rude,  saucy,  pert, 
flippant,  cool  {coUoq.)^  brazen,  forward,  bold- 
faced, brazen-faced. 

Impudicity,  «.     See  Immodesty. 

Impugn,  v-  a.  Attack  {by  words  or  arguments\ 
assail,  oppose,  resist,  contradict,  gainsay,  call  in 
question. 

Impulse,  «.  I.  Thrust,  push,  impetus,  impelling 
force. 

2.  Passion,  instinct,  appetite,  inclination,  pro- 
clivity. 

3.  Incitement,  instigation,  motive,  influence, 
sudden  thought  or  feeling. 

Impulsive,  a.     I,    Impelhng,  moving,  propulsive. 

2.   Passionate,  rash,  quick,  hot,  hasty. 
Impunity,  n.     I.    Exemption  from  punishment. 

2.   Exemption  from  injury. 
Imptire,  a.     I.    Foul,  unclean,  dirty,  filthy,  fecu- 
lent, defiled,  polluted. 

2.  Unchaste,  unclean,  lewd,  loose,  gross, 
coarse,  indelicate,  immodest,  smutty,  obscene, 
indecent,  ribald,  bawdy. 

3.  Mixed,  adulterated,  admixed  with  foreign 
matter  or  elements. 

Impurity,  «.  I.  Foulness,  uncleanness,  fecu- 
lence, defilement,   pollution. 

2.  Unchastity,  lewdness,  looseness,  grossness, 
coarseness,  indelicacy,  immodesty,  impudicity, 
smuttiness,  obscenity,  indecency,  ribaldry. 

3.  Admixture  with  foreign  matter,  adulterated 
condition. 

Imputable,  a.  Attributable,  referrible  or  referable, 
chargeable,  traceable,  owing,  to  be  imputed,  to 
be  charged,  to  be  attributed. 

Imputation,  n.  I.  Imputing,  attributing,  charg- 
ing. 

2.  Charge,  accusation,  censure,  reproach, 
blame. 

Impute,  V.  a.  Ascribe  (especially  to  some  evil 
cause),  attribute,  refer,  charge,  consider  as  due. 

Inability,  «.  I.  Want  of  ability  {to),  lack  of 
power,  being  unable. 

2.  Incapacity,  incapability,  impotence,  incom- 
petence, incompetency,  inefficiency,  want  of 
power,  want  of  capacity. 

3.  Disability,  disqualification. 

In  a  box.  In  a  perplexity,  in  a  difficulty,  in  a  di- 
lemma, in  an  embarrassing  position,  in  an  awkward 
predicament,  in  a  bad  fix. 

Inaccessible,  a.     I.    Unapproachable,  not  to  be 
reached. 
2.   Unattainable. 

Inaccuracy,   «.    _  I.     Incorrectness,  impropriety, 
erroneousness,  inexactness. 
2.   Mistake,  error,  blunder. 

Inaccurate,  a.  Incorrect,  inexact,  erroneous,  im- 
proper. 

Inaction,  n.     See  Inactivity. 

Inactive,  a.  I.  Inert,  destitute  of  activity,  with- 
out inherent  energy. 

2.  Inert,  inoperative,  not  in  action,  not  in 
force. 

3,  Inert,  lazy,  indolent,  idle,  slothful,  supine, 
torpid,  sluggish,  dronish,  lumpish,  passive,  Fa- 
bian, dilatory. 

Inactivity,  «.     Inaction,  inertness,  laziness,  indo- 
lence, idleness,  sloth,  snpineness,  torpor,  torpid- 
ity, sluggishness,  diiatonness,  Fabian  policy. 
Inadequacy,  «.     I.  Insufficiency,  inadequateness. 
2.   Incompleteness,  defectiveness,  imperfection. 
Inadequate,  a.      I.    Insufficient,  unequal,  dispro- 
portionate. 
2.  Incomplete,  defective,  imperfect. 
Inadequateness,  n.    See  Inadequacy. 


INADMISSIBLE 


222 


INCENDIARY 


InadmissiUe,  a.    Not  to  be  admitted,  not  to  be 

allowed. 
In  advance.     I.    Before,  in  front,  ahead,  at  the 
head. 

2.  Beforehand. 

3.  To  be  credited  for  money  advanced. 
Inadvertence,  l«.     I.  Inattention,  inconsiderate- 
Inadvertency,  i     ness,  carelessness,  thoughtless- 
ness, heedlessness,  negligence. 

2.  Oversight,  slip,  blunder,  error  from  inatten- 
tion. 

Inadvertent,  a.  Inattentive,  thoughtless,  careless, 
heedless,  inconsiderate,  unobservant,  negligent. 

Inadvertently,  ad.  I.  Thoughtlessly,  inconsid- 
erately, carelessly,  heedlessly,  negligently,  in  an 
unguarded  moment. 

2.  By  inattention,  without  thinking,  without 
intention,  unintentionally,  by  accident,  by  a 
slip. 

Inalienable,  a.  Not  to  be  alienated,  not  transfer- 
able. 

Inane,  a.     I.    Empty,  void. 

2.  Vain,  frivolous,  trifling,  puerile,  worthless, 
empty. 

Inane,  n.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Void,  vacuity, 
vacuum,  empty  space. 

Inanimate,  a.  I.  Destitute  of  life,  inorganic, 
mineral. 

2.  Deprived  of  life,  dead,  breathless,  extinct. 

3.  ^  Lifeless,  dead,  inert,  soulless,  spiritless. 
Inanition,  «.     I.    Emptiness,  vacuity,  inanity. 

2.   Exhaustion  from  hunger,  innutrition. 

Inanity,  «.     I.    Emptiness,  vacuity,  inanition. 
2.   Vanity,  frivolousness,  puerility,  folly,  worth- 
lessness. 

In  an  under  tone.  Softly,  with  bated  breath,  in 
a  low  voice,  in  a  low  tone,  sotto  voce. 

In  a  nut-shell.     In  a  small  compass,  in  mice. 

Inapplicability,  «.  Unfitness,  unsuitableness, 
inaptness,  inaptitude. 

Inapplicable,  a.  Unfit,  unsuitable,  irrelevant, 
inapt.     See  Inapposite. 

Inapposite,  a.  I.  irrelevant,  inapplicable,  imper- 
tinent, non-pertinent,  out  of  place,  not  to  the 
purpose  or  point. 

2.  Unfit,  unsuitable,  inappropriate,  out  of 
keeping,  out  of  place. 

Inappreciable,  a.  Not  appreciable,  not  to  be 
appreciated,  imperceptible,  impalpable,  trifling, 
very  little,  very  small. 

Inappropriate,  a.  Unfit,  unsuited,  unsuitable, 
unadapted,  unbecoming,  inapposite,  out  of  char- 
acter, out  of  keeping,  out  of  place,  in  bad  taste. 

Inapt,  a.     I.   Unfit,  unsuitable,  unapt.     See  In- 
apposite. 
2.    Unapt,  dull,  slow,  stupid,  stolid,  clumsy. 

Inaptitude,  )  n.     Unfitness,   unsuitableness,  map- 

Inaptness,    )      propriateness,  inapplicability. 

Inarticulate,  a.     I.    Indistinct. 

2.   (Zodl.)     Inarticulated,  not  jointed. 

InartiCUlated,  fl!.    {Zoo^.)   Inarticulate,  not  jointed. 

Inartificial,  a.     I.    Natural,  not  made  by  art.  ^ 
2.   Artless,  ingenuous,  guileless,  sincere,  sim- 
ple, simple-minded,  single-minded,  Halve. 

Inasmuch  as.  Since,  seeing  that,  considering 
that. 

Inattention,  «.  I.  Want  of  attention,  wander- 
ing of  attention,  wandering  of  mind. 

2.  Inadvertence,  heedlessness,  thoughtless- 
ness, inconsiderateness,  carelessness,  neglect, 
absence  of  mind. 

Inattentive,  a.  I,  Lacking  in  attention,  wander- 
ing, not  attentive. 

2.  Unobservant,  unobserving,  unmindful,  in- 
advertent, heedless,  thoughtless,  regardless,  care- 
less, negligent,  remiss,  unwatchful,  inconsider- 
ate, absent,  absent-minded,  caught  napping. 


Inaudible,  a.  I.  Not  audible,  not  to  be  heard 
too  low  to  be  heard.  ' 

2.   Still,  silent,  mute,  noiseless. 

Inaugurate,  v.  a.  I.  install,  invest  with  an  officfe, 
introduce  into  an  office,  induct  into  ofiice. 

2.  Celebrate  the  institution  of,  introduce  with 
fitting  ceremonies. 

3.  Commence,  begin,  set  in  action,  set  going, 
mitiate,  originate. 

Inauguration,  «.  I.  Investiture,  installation, 
ceremony  of  induction  or  of  consecration. 

2.   Ceremony     of     institution,     ceremony     of 
initiation. 

.  ."^r  t^ommencement,  beginning,  institution,  in- 
itiation, origination,  formal  opening. 

Inauspicious,  a.  Unpropitious,  unfavorable,  un- 
lucky, unfortunate,  untoward,  unpromising,  ill- 
omened. 

In  bad  odor.  In  disgrace,  out  of  favor,  in  dis- 
repute. 

In  black  and  white.  In  writing  {or  in  print),  set 
down  distinctly. 

Inborn,  a.  Innate,  inherent,  inbred,  natural,  in- 
stinctive, congenital,  ingrained,  in  the  grain, 
bred  in  the  bone,  implanted  by  nature. 

In  brief.  Concisely,  briefly,  in  short,  in  a  few 
words. 

In  bulk.     I.   In  a  mass,  in  an  entire  state. 
2.   Loose  in  the  hold,  not  in  packages. 

Incage,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Encage.'\  I.  Put 
into  a  cage. 

2.   Confine,  impound,  imprison,  shut  up,  coop 
up. 

Incalculable,  a.  Not  to  be  calculated,  not  to  be 
reckoned,  beyond  calculation,  enormous,  im- 
mense, innumerable,  beyond  computation. 

Incalescence,  )  n.     Calefaction,  warmth,  incipient 

Incalescency,  j     heat. 

Incandescence,  «.  White  heat,  glowing  white- 
ness. 

Incandescent,  a.     White-hot,  glowing  white. 

Incantation,  «.  Conjuration,  sorcery,  charm, 
spell,  enchantment,  magic,  necromancy,  witchery, 
witchcraft. 

Incapability,  «.  Incapacity,  inability,  disability, 
incompetence 

Incapable  of.  I.  Without  capacity  for,  unable 
to,  incompetent  for,  not  capable  of,  disqualified 
for. 

2.  Not  susceptible  of,  not  admitting  of. 

3.  Not  base  enough  for,  too  good  or  great  for, 
utterly  above. 

Incapacious,  a.  Narrow,  scant,  of  small  capacity, 
not  ample,  not  capacious. 

Incapacitate,  v.  a.     I.   Disable,  make  incapable. 
2.   Disqualify,  unfit,  make  unfit. 

Incapacity,  «.     I.   Inability,  incapability,  disabil- 
ity, incompetency. 
2.   Disqualification,  unfitness. 

Incarcerate,  v.  a.  Imprison,  put  in  prison,  place 
in  confinement,  put  in  duress,  place  in  durance, 
immure,  confine,  commit,  send  to  jail. 

Incarceration,  «.  Imprisonment,  immuring,  jail- 
ing, putting  in  duress,  durance,  or  jail,  confine- 
ment, commitment. 

Incarnate,  v.  a.  Clothe  with  flesh,  embody  in 
flesh. 

Incarnation, «.    I.    Incarnating. 

2.  Hypostatic  union. 

3.  Impersonation,  personification,  exemplifica- 
tion, bodily  manifestation. 

Incautious,  a.  I.  Unwary,  indiscreet,  uncircum- 
spect,  imprudent,  impolitic. 

2.    Inconsiderate,  thoughtless,  careless,  heed- 
less, negligent,  neglectful,  headlong,  reckless. 

Incendiary,  a.     Inflammatory,  seditious,  factious. 

Incendiary,  «.     I.   Burner  of  buildings. 


INCENSE 


223 


INCOMPETENT 


2.   Firebrand,  political  agitator. 

Incense,  v.  a.  Enrage,  exasperate,  inflame,  irri- 
tate, provoke,  anger,  chafe,  heat,  excite,  make 
angry. 

Incense,  «.     I.    Perfume  {exhaled  by  a  burning 
substance). 
2,  Admiration,  applause,  laudation,  adulation. 

Incentive,  n.  Incitement,  inducement,  stimulus, 
impulse,  spur,  provocative,  goad,  motive,  cause, 
encouragement. 

Inception,  «.  Beginning,  commencement,  inau- 
guration. 

Inceptive,  a.  Inchoative,  that  denotes  a  begin- 
ning. 

Incertitude,  «.  Uncertainty,  doubtfulness,  am- 
biguity. 

Incessant,  a  Ceaseless,  unceasing,  uninterrupted, 
unremitting,  continual,  perpetual,  constant,  eter- 
nal (coUoq. ),  everlasting  {colloq.). 

Inch,  «.     Twelfth  part  of  a  foot. 

Inchoate,  a.     Beginning,  commencing,  incipient. 

Inchoative,  a.  Inceptive,  that  denotes  a  be- 
ginning. 

Incident,^.     I.   Happening,  liable  to  happen. 

2.  Belonging,  pertaining,  appertaining,  relat- 
ing, natural,  naturally  liable  to  befall. 

3.  {Optics.)     Falling,  impinging. 
Incident,  n.     Event,  occurrence,  circumstance. 
Incidental,  a.    I.  Accidental,  casual,  fortuitous, 

contingent. 

2.  Occasional,  adventitious,  extraneous,  non- 
essenti.il. 
Incinerate,  v.  a.     Burn  to  ashes,  reduce  to  ashes. 

Incipiency,  I  "•     beginning,  commencement. 
Incipient,  a.     Beginning,  commencing,  inchoate. 
Incised,  a.     I.   Cut,  gashed. 

2.  Cut,  carved,  graved,  engraved,  graven. 
Incision,  «.     Cut,  gash. 
Incisive,  a.     I.    Cutting, 

2.  Sharp,  acute,  sarcastic,  satirical,  severe, 
biting. 

3.  Sharp-cut,  clear,  distinct,  trenchant,  pene- 
trating, acute,  going  straight  to  the  heart  of  the 
matter. 

Incisor,  «.     Cutting  tooth. 

Incite,  V.  a.  Rouse  {to  action),  arouse,  animate, 
provoke,  stimulate,  impel,  prompt,  urge,  encour- 
age, spur,  goad,  excite,  set  on,  spur  on,  stir  up, 
work  up. 

Incitement,  «•  Inducement,  stimulus,  impulse, 
spur,  provocative,  incentive,  motive,  encourage- 
ment, goad. 

Incivility,  «•  I.  Discourtesy,  discourteousness, 
rudeness,  impoliteness,  uncourteousness,  un- 
courtliness,  iniirbanity,  un mannerliness,  disre- 
spect, ill-breeding,  ill  manners. 

2.  Act  of  rudeness,  discourtesy,  piece  of  ill- 
breeding. 

Inclemency,  «.  I,  Severity,  rigor,  harshness, 
boisterousness,  storminess,  tempest  uousness, 
roughness. 

2.  Want  of  clemency,  harshness,  unmerciful- 
ness,  severity. 

Inclement,  a.  I.  Severe,  rigorous,  harsh,  bois- 
terous, stormy,  rough,  not  mild. 

2.  Unmerciful,  harsh,  severe,  destitute  of 
clemency. 

Inclination,  n.  I.  Inclining,  leaning,  slope, 
slant. 

2.  Trending,  verging,  oblique  direction. 

3.  Disposition,  predilection,  predisposition, 
bent,  bias,  proneness,  proclivity,  tendency,  lean- 
ing, aptitude,  propensity,  penchant. 

4.  Desire,  wish,  partiality,  fondness,  liking. 
Incline,  v.  «.     I.    Lean,  slope,  slant. 

2.  Trend,  verge,  tend  obliquely. 


3.  Be  disposed,  have  a  disposition,  have  a 
desire,  feel  a  propensity. 

4.  Tend,  go  naturally,  tend  by  nature,  have  a 
propensity,  proclivity,  leaning,  bent,  bias,  or  pre- 
disposition. 

Incline,  v.  a.     I.  Give  a  direction  toward. 

2.  Dispose,  predispose,  turn,  bias. 

3.  Bend,  bow. 

Inclose,  V.  a.     [Written  also  Enclose."]    I.   Encir- 
cle, surround,  encompass,  imbosom,  circumscribe, 
shut  in, fence  in. 
2.   Cover,  envelop,  wrap. 

Include,  Z'.  a.     I.   {Rare.)     Hold,  contain. 

2.  Comprise,  comprehend,  contain,  embrace, 
embody,  take  in. 

Inclusive,  a.     I.   Inclosing,  encircling. 
2.    Including  both,  both  being  included. 

Inclusive  of.  Comprehending,  embracing,  tak- 
ing in,  including. 

Incog,  a.  and  «</.    {Colloq.)    See  Incognito. 

Incogitable,  a.  Unthinkable,  unintelligible,  in- 
capable of  being  made  coherent 

Incognito,  a.  and  ad.  [It.]  Unknown  (in  one*s 
true  character),  disguised,  in  disguise,  in  au 
assumed  character. 

Incognito,  n.  I.  Disguised  person,  person  under 
an  assumed  name. 

2.  Concealment,  disguise,  state  of  conceal- 
ment. 

Incognizable,  a.  Indistinguishable,  unnoticeable, 
unobservable,  incoguoscible. 

Incoherence,  l«.     I.   Looseness  (^/)ar/j),  want 

Incoherency, )     of  cohesion. 

2.   Incongruity,  inconsistency,  inconsequence, 

want  of  connection,  want  of  agreement. 
Incoherent,  a     I.  Loose,  detached,  non-adhesive, 

non-coiiesive. 

2.  Incongruous,  inconsistent,  inconsequential, 
without  connection,  disconnected. 

3.  Unintelligible,  irrational,  confused,  wild, 
rambling. 

Incombustible,  a.  Not  to  be  burned,  that  will 
not  burn,  indestructible  by  fire. 

Income,  «.     Revenue,  profits,  gains. 

Incommensurable,  a.  Without  a  common  meas- 
ure. 

Incommensurate,  a.     I.   Disproportionate. 
2.    Inadequate,  insufficient,  unequal. 

Incommode,  z/  a.  Disturb,  annoy,  trouble,  dis- 
commode, inconvenience,  put  to  inconvenience. 

Incommodious,  a.  I.  Inconvenient,  cumbersome, 
cumbrous,  unhandy,  awkward,  unwieldv,  unsuit- 
able, not  affording  convenience,  unmanageable. 

2.  Disadvantaj^eous,  troublesome,  annoying, 
vexatious,  harassing,  irritating,  provoking. 

Incommunicable,  a.  Not  to  be  communicated, 
that  cannot  be  communicated  or  imparted. 

Incommunicative,  a.  Reserved,  unsociable,  un- 
social. 

Incomparable,  a.  Transcendent,  peerless,  match- 
less, unrivalled,  unequalled,  unparalleled,  inimi- 
table, surpassing. 

Incompatibility,  «.  Inconsistency,  incongruity, 
unsuitableness,  want  of  agreement,  want  of  adap- 
tation, contrariety,  contradictoriness,  irreconcil- 
able opposition. 

Incompatible,  a.  Inconsistent,  incongruous,  un- 
suitable, unadapted,  contradictory,  irreconcilable, 
incapable  of  agreement  or  coexistence. 

Incompetence,  I       ,    ^  ..,.,. 

Incompetency,  ( ''•    '•  Incapacity,  inability. 

2.  Insufficiency,  inadequacy. 

3.  Disqualification,  unfitness. 
Incompetent,  a.    I.    Unable,  incapable,  not  com- 
petent. 

2.  Insufficient,  inadequate. 

3.  Disqualified,  incapacitated,  unfit,  unfitted. 


INCOMPLETE 


224 


INCREASE 


Incomplete^  a.    I.   Defective,  deficient,  imperfect, 
partial. 

2.    Unfinished,  uncompleted,  unaccomplished, 
unexecuted,  not  completed,  left  undone. 
IncoinpOSite»    a.     I.    Uncompounded,    unmixed, 
simple. 
2.  {Arith.)    Prime. 
Incomprehensibility,    «.     I.    Inconceivableness, 
incomprehensibleness,  inexhaustibleness,  unfath- 
omableness,  unimaginable  character. 

2.   Unthinkableness,  incogitability,  unintelligi- 
bility,  inability  to  be  understoc^d. 
Incomprehensible,  a.     I.    inconceivable,  unimag- 
inable, not  to  be  comprehended,  past  finding  out, 
unfathomable,  inexhaustible. 

2.   Inconceivable,  unthinkable,  incogitable,  un- 
intelligible, incapable  of  being  made  coherent. 
Incomprehensibleness,      n.       Inconceivableness, 

See  Incomprehensibility. 
IncompressibDity,  «.     Incompressibleness. 
Incompressible,  a.     Not  to  be  compressed,  not 

compressible. 
Incompressibleness,  n.     Incompressibility. 
Incomputable,    a.     Not    to    be    computed,     that 
cannot  be  computed,  incalculable,  past  calcula- 
tion, beyond  estimate,  enormous,  immense,  pro- 
digious, innumerable. 
Inconceivable,  a.     I.   Unimaginable. 

2.   Unthinkable.     See  Incomprehensible. 
Inconceivableness,   n.    Incomprehensibleness,  in- 
comprehensibility (which  see). 
Inconclusive,  a.     tfnconvincing,   indecisive,    not 

conclusive. 
Incongruity,    n.     Unsuitableness,    inconsistency, 
unfitness,  inappropriateness,  discrepancy,  incom- 
patibility,   incoherence,    absurdity,    contrariety, 
contradiction,  contradictoriness. 
Incongruous,  a.^  Inconsistent,  unfit,  inappropriate, 
incompatible,  incoherent,  discrepant,  absurd,  un- 
suitable, contrary,  contradictory. 
In  conscience.     I.   Conscientiously,  in  justice,  in 
honesty,  in  fairness. 
2.  Truthfully,  sincerely,  in  sincerity,  in  truth. 
Inconsequence,  n.     Inconciusiveness,  iilogicalness, 

inconsistency,  disconnection. 
Inconsiderable,    a.      Unimportant,    insignificant, 
small,  slight,  trivial,  trifling,  petty,   immaterial, 
of  no  consequence,  of  no  moment. 
Inconsiderate,  a.    I.   Unthoughtful,  uncharitable, 
intolerant,  lacking  in  calmness  and  candor. 

2.  Thoughtless,  careless,  heedless,  inattentive, 
inadvertent,  negligent,  imprudent,  indiscreet, 
rash,  hasty,  giddy,  headlong,  hare-brained,  giddy- 
brained,  light-headed.  ,  .  ,  . 
Inconsistency,  n.  I.  Incongruity,  incompatibility, 
unsuitableness,  incoherence. 

2.  Contrariety,  contradiction, 

3.  Unsteadiness,  vacillation,  changeableness, 
inconstancy,  lack  of  steadfast  and  consistent 
character,  lack  of  stability,  instability. 

Inconsistent,  a.  I.  Incongruous,  incompatible, 
unsuitable,  incoherent,  irreconcilable,  discrep- 
ant. 

2.  Contrary,  contradictory. 

3.  Unstable,  unsteady,  changeable,  variable, 
vacillating.     See  Inconstant. 

Inconsolable,  a.  Disconsolate,  woe-begone,  com- 
fortless, heart-broken,  broken-hearted,  forlorn, 
crushed,  hopeless. 

Inconstancy,  «.  I.  Changeableness,  fickleness, 
vacillation,  wavering,  unsteadiness. 

2.  Unstableness,  instability,  mutability,  vari- 
ableness. 

Inconstant,  a.  [Said  of  persons.]  I.  Change- 
able, mutable,  variable,  unsettled,  fickle,  capri- 
cious, vacillating,  wavering,  unsteady,  volatile, 
mercurial,  like  a  weathercock. 


2.  [Said  ofthings.'\    Unstable,  mutable,  vari- 
able, unsettled,  uncertain. 

Incontestable,  a.  Indisputable,  incontrovertible, 
unquestionable,  undeniable,  indubitable,  irrefra- 
gable, certain,  not  to  be  disputed,  beyond  all  ques- 
tion, beyond  a  doubt,  past  dispute. 

Incontinence,  n.  I.  Non-retention,  inability  to 
retain. 

2.   Lewdness,    lasciviousness,     indulgence    of 
lust. 

Incontinent,  a.    Lewd,  lustful,  lascivious,  unchaste. 

Incontrovertible,  a.  Indisputable,  unquestion- 
able.    See  Incontestable. 

Inconvenience,  «.  I.  Annoyance,  vexation,  mo- 
lestation, disturbance,  trouble,  disadvantage. 

2.  Awkwardness,   cumbersomeness,   unwieldi- 
ness,  incommodiousness. 

3.  Unfitness,    unsuitableness,     unseasonable- 
ness. 

Inconvenient,  a.  I.  Troublesome,  annoying,  vex- 
atious, disadvantageous 

2.  Cumbersome,    cumbrous,    unwieldy,  awk- 
ward, unmanageable,  unhandy,  incommodious. 

3.  Unfit,   unsuitable,   unseasonable,    inoppor- 
tune, untimely. 

Inconvertibility*  «•  I.  Unchangeableness,  in- 
convertibleness. 

2.  Unexchangeableness  for  coin. 

3.  {Log.)    Irreversibleness,    inability    to    be 
converted. 

Inconvertible,  a.  I.  Unchangeable,  not  trans- 
mutable,  not  convertible. 

2.  Not  exchangeable  for  coin. 

3.  {Log.)    Not  convertible,  not  to  be  inverted. 
Inconvertibleness,  «.    See  Inconvertibility. 
Incorporate,    v.    a.      I.     Unite,    combine,    mix, 

blend,  merge,  consolidate,  form  into  one  body. 

2.  Form  into  a  corporation,  form  into  a  body 
politic. 

3.  Incarnate,  embody. 

Incorporate,  a.  I.  Incorporeal,  immaterial, 
supernatural,  spiritual. 

2.  Non-corporate,  not  incorporated. 

3.  Intimately    united,   consolidated,  blended, 
merged. 

Incorporation,  n.    I.    Combination,  union,  blend- 
ing, mixture,  intimate  union,  consolidation. 
2.   K?,?,oz\iX\ow  {as  a  body  politic). 

Incorporeal,  a.  Immaterial,  spiritual,  bodiless, 
supernatural,  incorporate. 

Incorporeity,  «.  Spirituality,  immaterialness, 
immateriality. 

Incorrect,  a.     I.   Inexact,  inaccurate,  erroneous, 
false,  untrue. 
2.   Ungrammatical,  faulty. 

Incorrectness,  n.  Inaccuracy,  inexactness,  error, 
mistake. 

Incorrigible,  a.  I.  Irremediable,  remediless,  ir- 
reparable, irretrievable,  irreversible,  irremedi- 
cable,  irrecoverable,  helpless,  hopeless,  incurable, 
past  cure,  past  mending,  beyond  help. 

2.   Obdurate,  hardened,  lost,  shameless,  grace- 
less, recreant,  irreclaimable,  reprobate. 

Incorruptibility,  «•  I.  ImjDerishableness,  incor- 
ruptibleness,  incorruption,  indestructibility,  im- 
mortality, deathlessness,  perpetuity  of  being. 

2.    Superiority  to    corruption,    unpurchasable- 
ness,  inflexible  honestv,  incorruptible  integrity. 

Incorruptible,  a.     I.    imperishable,  incapable  of 
decay,  indestructible,  immortal,  undying,  death- 
less, everlasting. 
2.   Of  inflexible  honesty,  not  to  be  bribed. 

Incorruptibleness,  «.     See  Incorruptibility. 

Incorruption,  n.    See  Incorruptibility,  i. 

Increase,    v.    n.      I.    Grow,     augment,     enlarge, 
greaten,  be  augmented,  become  greater  or  larger. 
2.   Multiply,  be  fruitful. 


INCREASE 


225 


INDELICATE 


Increase,  v.  a.  I.  Augment,  enlarge,  greaten, 
make  greater,  make  larger. 

2.  Enhance,  raise,  advance,  heighten,  add  to. 

3.  Extend,  prolong. 

4.  Aggravate,  intensify. 

Increase,  n.  I.  Augmentation,  enlargement,  ex- 
tension, expansion,  growth,  addition,  accession, 
increment. 

2.  Product,  produce,  gain,  profit. 

3.  Offspring,  issue,  progeny,  descendants. 
Incredible,  a.    Impossible  to  believe,  inadmissible, 

beyond  belief. 

Incredulity,  ».  Incredulousness,  distrust,  scepti- 
cism, want  of  belief,  indisposition  to  believe. 

Incredulous,  a.  Unbelieving,  sceptical,  disposed 
to  doubt,  indisposed  to  believe. 

Increment,  «.  Augmentation,  addition,  increase, 
enlargement. 

Incriminate,  ».  a.     I.   Accuse,  impeach,  charge, 
inculpate,  blame,  criminate. 
2.   Criminate,  involve  in  guilt,  make  out  guilty. 

Incrust,  V.  a.    Cover  with  a  crust,  coat  over. 

Incrustation, «.    I.  Incrusting. 
2.   Crust,  coating. 

InCUtMte,  V.  n.     Brood. 

Incubus,  «.     I.    Nightmare. 

2.  Demon  of  nightmare,  nightmare-fiend. 

3.  Encumbrance,  clog,  impediment,  oppres- 
sion, load,  burden,  hindrance,  drag  weight,  dead 
weight. 

Inculcate,  v.  a.     Impress,  enforce,  instil,  infuse, 

infix,  ingraft,  implant. 
Inculcation,  «.     Enforcement,  etc. 
Inculpable,  a.     Unblamable,  irreprehensible,  irre- 

provable,    irreproachable,    blameless,     faultless, 

sinless,  innocent. 
Inculpate,  v.  a.    Accuse,  charge,  impeach,  crinii- 

nate,  incriminate,  blame,  censure,  impute  guilt 

to,  involve  in  guilt. 
Inculpation,  n.   Crimination,  incrimination,  blame, 

charge,  impeachment,  censure. 
Inctllpatory,  a.     Incriminating,  criminatory,  tend- 
ing to  criminate  or  inculpate,  tending  to  establish 

guilt,  involving  in  guilt. 
Incumbent,  a.    I.  Obligatory,  binding,  devolving, 

devolved,  laid. 
2.   Leaning,  reclining,  bearing  down,  pressing 

down,  resting,  weighing  down,  prone. 
Incumbent,  «.     Holder,  occupant  {of  a  benefice  or 

ojffice). 
Incumbrance,  «.     [Written   also   Encumbrance. '\ 

1.  Load,  burden,  clog,  impediment,  incubus, 
hindrance,  dead  weight,  drag  weight. 

2.  Debt,  claim,  liability. 

Incur,  V.  a.     I.  Contract,  become  liable  to  or  for, 
become  subject  to. 
2.    Bring  on. 

Incurable,  a.  I.  Immedicable,  irremedicable, 
cureless,  remediless,  hopeless,  irrecoverable,  past 
cure,  beyond  recovery,  beyond  medical  skill, 
beyond  the  help  of  medicine,  beyond  the  reach  of 
the  physician's  art. 

2.  Irremediable,  irretrievable,  remediless,  irrep- 
arable, hopeless,  helpless,  past  mending,  not  to 
be  got  rid  of,  that  cannot  be  avoided,  incorrigible. 

InctinouS,  a.  Uninquisitive,  inattentive,  unob- 
servant, careless,  heedless,  indifferent,  uninter- 
ested, destitute  of  curiosity. 

Incursion,  n.  Inroad,  irruption,  foray,  raid,  de- 
scent, partial  invasion. 

Incursive,  a.  Hostile,  aggressive,  raiding,  pred- 
atory. 

Incurvate,  v.  a.  Bend,  bow,  crook,  curve,  make 
crooked. 

Incurvate,  a.  (Bof.)  Hooked,  curved,  bowed, 
crooked,  aduncou-s  arcuate. 

Indebted,  a.     I.   Owing,  in  debt 


2.   Obliged,  beholden,  under  obligation. 

Indecency,  n.  I.  Indecorum,  impropriety,  un- 
seemliness, offensiveness,  outrageousness. 

2.  Indelicacy,  coarseness,  grossness,  immod- 
esty, impurity,  obscenity,  foulness,  filthiness, 
viieness. 

Indecent,  a.  I.  Indecorous,  improper,  unbecom- 
ing, unseemly,  offensive,  outrageous. 

2.  Indelicate,  coarse,  gross,  immodest,  impure, 
obscene,  filthy,  unchaste,  lewd. 

IndecidUOUS,  a.    (Boi.)   Evergreen,  not  deciduous. 

Indecipherable,  a.  I.  Illegible,  unreadable,  un- 
decipherable. 

2.  Impossible  to  make  out,  inexplicable,  un- 
intelligible, undiscoverable,  hopelessly  obscure, 
incapable  of  interpretation,  undecipherable. 

Indecision,  n.  Irresolution,  vacillation,  hesitation, 
unsteadiness,  inconstancy,  changeableness,  fickle- 
ness. 

Indedsive,  n.     I.    inconclusive,  not  decisive. 

2.  Unsettled,  wavering,  vacillating,  irresolute, 
hesitating,  undecided. 

Indeclinable,  a.  Undeclinable,  uninfiected,  with- 
out declension,  without  case-endings. 

Indecorous,  a.  Unbecoming,  improper,  unseemly, 
gross,  rude,  coarse,  indecent,  uncivil,  impolite. 

Indecorousness,  n.     See  Indecorum. 

Indecorum,  «.  I.  Indecorousness,  indecency, 
impropriety,  grossness,  rudeness,  incivility,  im- 
politeness, violation  of  propriety,  ill-breeding,  ill 
manners,  want  of  decorum,  impropriety  of 
behavior. 

2.  Act  of  indecorum,  breach  of  decorum, 
breach  of  propriety,  violation  of  propriety,  un- 
seemly act. 

Indeed,  ad.  I.  Truly,  really,  veritably,  verily, 
positively,  absolutely,  certainly,  in  fact,  in  truth, 
in  reality. 

2.  Strictly,  strictly  speaking,  to  tell  the  truth, 
in  point  of  fact,  in  fact,  in  fine,  as  a  matter  of  fact. 

Indeed,  interj.  Really,  is  it  so,  you  don't  say  so, 
who'd  have  thought  it,  is  it  possible,  Heaven 
save  the  mark. 

Indefatigable,  a.  Unwearied,  untiring,  unflag- 
ging, persevering,  persistent,  sedulous,  assiduous, 
unremitting,  never-tiring. 

Indefeasible,  a.  Irreversible,  unalterable,  irrevo- 
cable, immutable,  that  cannot  be  defeated  or 
thwarted,  that  cannot  be  abrogated,  that  cannot 
be  made  void. 

Indefensible,  a.  I.  Untenable,  that  cannot  be 
defended. 

2.  Inexcusable,  unjustifiable,  unwarrantable, 
censurable,  faulty,  wrong. 

Indefinite,  a.  I.  Indeterminate,  undefined,  un- 
determined, indistinct,  confused. 

2.  Vague,  obscure,  doubtful,  uncertain,  equiv- 
ocal, unsettled,  unfixed,  loose. 

Indelible,  a.  Ineffaceable,  ingrained,  not  to  be 
blotted  out. 

Indelicacy,  n.  I.  Want  of  delicacy,  lack  of  re- 
fined feeling,  rudeness,  intrusiveness,  want  of 
regard  for  tne  delicacy  of  others. 

2.  Indecorum,  unseemliness,  impropriety,  of- 
fensiveness, coarseness,  grossness,  vulgarity. 

3.  Immodesty,  indecency,  lewdness,  un- 
chastity  {jof  expression"),  foulness,  obscenity, 
coarseness,  grossness,  vulgarity. 

Indelicate,  a.  I.  Wanting  in  delicacy,  lacking  in 
refined  feeling,  rude,  intrusive,  deficient  in  regard 
for  the  delicacy  of  others,  deficient  in  proper 
reserve. 

2.  Indecorous,  unbecoming,  unseemly,  coarse, 
gross,  rude. 

3.  Immodest,  indecent,  unchaste  or  lewd  {in 
expression),  coarse,  gross,  broad,  vulgar,  foul, 
obscene. 


15 


IN  DEMAND 


226 


INDISCERPTIBLE 


In  demand,     in  request. 

Indemnification,  «.  I.  Indemnifying,  secunty 
{against  loss,  injury,  or  penalty). 

2.  Compensation  {for  loss  or  injury),  remu- 
neration, reimbursement,  indemnity,  repara- 
tion. 

Indemnify,  v.  a.  I.  Secure  {against  loss,  injury, 
or  penalty),  save  harmless. 

2.  Compensate  {/or  loss  or  injury),  remuner- 
ate, reimburse,  requite,  make  good. 

Indent,  v.  a.  I.  Notch,  jag,  make  notches  in, 
bruise,  make  dents  or  bruises  in. 

2.  Indenture,  bind,  bind  by  indenture. 

3.  {Printing.)    Set  in,  begin  farther  in. 
Indentation,  «.     Notch,  jag,   dent,    bruise,  de- 
pression. 

Indenture,  «.     I.  Written    contract,    document, 
instrument,  legal  instrument. 
2.    Indented  state,  indentation. 

Indenture,  v.  a.     Indent,  bind  by  indenture. 

Independence,  «.  I.  Freedom,  liberty,  self- 
direction,  exemption  from  arbitrary  control 

2.  Non-dependence,  distinctness,  separation, 
unconditioned  state. 

3.  Competence  {of  income),  easy  circum- 
stances, ease. 

Independent,  a.  I.  Free,  self-directing,  unre- 
stricted, unrestrained,  absolute,  voluntary,  ex- 
empt from  arbitrary  control. 

2.  [Said  of  persons. '\  Unconstrained,  uncon- 
ventional, self-reliant,  bold. 

3.  [Said  of  circumstances.']  Easy,  uncon- 
strained, competent. 

Independent  of.      I.    Unconnected    with,    unre- 
stricted by,  not  related  to,  not  dependent  upon. 
2.   Irrespective  of. 

IndescribaUe,  a.  Inexpressible,  ineffable,  un- 
utterable, that  cannot  be  described,  that  beggars 
description. 

Indestructible,  a.  Imperishable,  incorruptible, 
undecaying,  abiding,  enduring,  fadeless,  ever- 
lasting, that  cannot  be  destroyed. 

Indeterminate,  a.  Indefinite,  unfixed,  undeter- 
mined, uncertain,  not  settled,  not  precise. 

Index,   n.      [L.  //.   Indices,    Eng.  pi.  Indexes."] 

1.  Pointer,  hand,  director, 

2.  Alphabetical  table  of  references,  table  of 
contents. 

3.  Exponent. 

4.  Characteristic  {of  a  logarithm),  integral 
part. 

5.  {Anat.)     Fore-finger, 
Indian-corn,  «.     Maize  {Zea  tnays). 
Indian-fig,  «,     I.    Banian  {Ficus  Indica). 

2.   Prickly-pear. 

Indian-fUe,  n.    Single  file. 

Indian-grass,  «.  Wood-grass  {Sorghum  nu- 
tans). 

Indian-millet,  «.  Doura,  Guinea  com,  negro-corn 
(Sorghum  vulgare). 

Indian-oak,  n.     Teak-tree  ( Tectona  grandis). 

Indian-poke,  «.  White  hellebore  {Veratrum 
viride). 

Indian-red, «.    Red  ochre. 

Indian-sage,  n.    Boneset,  thoroughwort,  feverwort, 

ague-weed  {Eupatorium.  perfoliatum). 
Indian -tobacco,   n.      Lobelia  {North  American 

species,  —  Lobelia  injlata). 
India-rubber,  «.     Caoutchouc,  gum-elastic. 
Indicate,  v.  a.     I.    Shou',  denote,  betoken,  mark, 

designate,  signify,  point  out,  shadow  forth,  be 

the  sign  of. 

2.    Show,  point  out,  designate,  specify. 
Indication,   n.      I.    Indicating.      See    preceding 

verb. 
2.   Sign,  mark,  token,  note,  index,  symptom, 

manifestation,  hint,  suggestion. 


Indicative,  a.    I.  Significant,  to  be  taken  as  a 

sign. 
2.   {Gram.)    Affirmative,  declarative. 

Indicative  of.  That  mdicates,  that  points  out, 
that  shows,  that  is  a  sign  of,  significant  of,  de- 
noting, indicating,  showmg,  signifying,  betoken- 
ing, marking. 

Indices^  «,  //,     Exponents, 

Indicollte,  «.  {Min.)  Indigolite,  blue  tourma- 
Ime,  blue  shorl. 

Indict,  V.  a.  {Law.)  Accuse  (formally,  by  find- 
ing of  grand  jury),  present. 

Indictable,  a.  Liable  to  indictment,  open  to  pros- 
ecution. 

Indictment,  n.  I.  {Law.)  Indicting,  present- 
ment. 

2.  Accusation,  charge,  arraignment,  crimina- 
tion, impeachment. 

Indifference,  «.  I.  Neutrality,  impartiality,  dis- 
interestedness, freedom  from  bias  or  prejudice. 

2.  Unconcernedness,  unconcern,  apathy,  cool- 
ness, coldness,  carelessness,  negligence,  heefl- 
lessness,  inattention,  want  of  interest. 

3.  Triviality,  unimportance,  insignificance. 

4.  Inferiority,  mediocre  character,  indifferent 
quality. 

Indifferent,  a.  I.  Neutral,  impartial,  disinter- 
ested, unbiassed. 

2.  Unconcerned,  unmoved,  apathetic,  cool, 
cold,  inattentive,  dead,  heedless,  regardless,  un- 
mindful, uninterested. 

3.  Equal,  all  the  same,  just  the  same,  all  one, 
the  same  thing. 

4.  Passable,  tolerable,  middling,  ordinary,  so- 
so,  mediocre,  neither  bad  nor  good,  rather 
poor. 

Indigence,  n.  Poverty,  penury,  destitution,  want, 
need,  necessity,  privation,  distress,  pauper  state, 
pauperism. 

Indigenous,  a.  Native,  aboriginal,  autochthonous, 
home-grown,  not  exotic. 

Indigent,  a.  Poor,  destitute,  needy,  necessitous, 
pinched,  reduced,  penniless,  moneyless,  insol- 
vent, distressed,  short  of  money,  out  of  money, 
out  of  cash,  out  of  pocket,  in  need,  in  want. 

Indigested,  a.  I.  Unconcocted,  undigested,  not 
digested. 

2.  Crude,  ill-judged,  ill-advised,  not  well 
considered. 

3.  Disorderly,  confused,  ill-arranged,  imme- 
thodical,  unmethodized,  in  confusion,  in  disorder, 

Indigestibility,  n.     Indigestibleness. 

Indigestible,  a.    That  cannot  be  digested, 

Indigestibleness,  «.     Indigestibility, 

Indigestion,  n.  Dyspepsia,  dyspepsy,  difficulty  of 
digestion,  difficult  digestion. 

Indignant,  a.  Angry,  incensed,  provoked,  irate, 
exasperated,  wrathful,  wroth,  ireful,  roused  {with 
the  sense  of  wrong  and  injustice). 

Indignation,  «.  Anger,  wrath,  ire,  resentment, 
fury,  rage,  choler,  exasperation  {at  wrong  and 
injustice). 

Indignity,  «.  Insult,  affront,  outrage,  slight,  dis- 
respect, dishonor,  contumely,  obloquy,  oppro- 
brium, reproach,  abuse. 

IndigoUte,  n.  {Min.)  Indicolite,  blue  tourma-, 
line,  blue  shorl. 

Indirect,  a.     I.    Circuitous,  tortuous,  roundabout. 

2.  Roundabout,  oblique,  collateral,  not  di- 
rectly to  the  point. 

3.  Unfair,  dishonest,  dishonorable. 

4.  Mediate,  secondary',  subordinate,  remote. 
Indiscernible,  a.      Undiscernible,   imperceptible, 

invisible,  undiscoverable,   indistinguishable,  not 

to  be  discerned. 
Indiscerpible,  a.     See  Indissoluble, 
Indiscerptible,  a.    See  Lndissolublb. 


INDISCIPLINE 


227 


INDULGENCE 


Indiscipline,  n.  I.  Lack  of  discipline,  lax  disci- 
pline, laxity,  insubordination. 

2.  Lack  of  instruction,  defective  instruction, 
want  of  training. 

Indiscreetf  <»•  Imprudent,  injudicious,  unwise, 
inconsiderate,  foolish,  rash,  incautious,  reckless, 
heedless,  headlong. 

Indiscretion,  n.  I.  Imprudence,  inconsiderate- 
ness,  rashness,  folly. 

2.  Mistake,  misstep,  indiscreet  act,  act  of 
indiscretion,  faux  pas. 

3.  Slip  from  virtue,  false  step,  decline  from 
chastity,  imprudence,  act  of  folly,  misstep,^?*^^: 
pas. 

Indiscriminate,  a.  I.  Undiscriminating,  undis- 
tinguishing. 

2.  Confused,  mixed,  mingled,  undistinguish 
able,  promiscuous. 

Indispensable,  a.  Necessary,  essential,  requisite, 
needful,  needed,  not  to  be  dispensed  with. 

Indispose,  v.  a.  Disincline,  render  averse,  make 
unfavorable,  render  reluctant. 

Indisposed,  a.  I.  Disinclined,  unwilling,  reluc- 
tant, averse,  loath,  backward,  not  disposed 

2.  Ill,  unwell,  ailing,  sick,  out  of  health,  out  of 
sorts. 

Indisposition,   «.      I.    Disinclination,   unwilling- 
ness,   reluctance,    dislike,    aversion,   backward- 
ness. 
2.    Illness,  sickness,  ailment,  poor  health. 

Indisputable,  a.  incontestable,  incontrovertible, 
unquestionable,  undeniable,  indubitable,  irrefra- 
gable, evident,  obvious,  certain,  not  to  be  dis- 
puted, beyond  all  question,  beyond  a  doubt,  past 
dispute. 

Indissoluble^  a.  I.  Inseparable,  never  to  be 
sundered,  impossible  to  be  sundered  or 
broken. 

2.  Indissolvable,  that  cannot  be  dissolved, 
that  cannot  be  liquefied. 

3.  Indestructible,  incorruptible,  indiscerpible, 
indiscerptible,  imperishable,  lasting,  abiding, 
stable,  firm,  enduring,  not  to  be  broken. 

Indissolvable,  a.  See  Indissoluble,  in  all  its 
senses.  [In  Indissoluble,  the  sense  2  is  un- 
usual, while  in  Indissolvable,  it  is  the  natural 
and  predominant  meaning.] 

IndistiJlCt,  a.  I.  Undefined,  ill-defined,  indefi- 
nite, undistinguishable,  confused,  imperfectly  dis- 
tinguished. 

2.  Obscure,  dim,  vague,  imperfect,  faint. 

3.  Ambiguous,  uncertain,  doubtful. 
Indisdngnisnable,  a.     I.  Undistinguishable,  that 

cannot  be  distinguished  or  discriminated. 

2.  Imperceptible,  unobservable,  unnoticeable, 
not  to  be  made  out,  indiscernible. 

3.  Confused,  indistinct,  chaotic,  vague,  ob- 
scure, dim. 

Indite,  V.  a.     I.   Compose,  write,  pen. 

2.    Dictate. 
Individual,  a.     I.    Particular,  special,  separate, 
single,  one,  unique. 

2.  Peculiar  to  one  alone,  one's  own,  peculiar, 
personal. 

3.  Full  of  character,  positive,  decided,  self- 
guided,  unconventional,  independent,  unique, 
siii  veneris. 

Individual,  «.  I.  Person,  personage,  character, 
being,  somebody,  some  one. 

2.  Unit,  single  instance,  particular  one  or 
object. 

3.  Person  {in  the  high  or  emphatic  sense), 
person  full  of  character,  self-directed  being,  self- 
determined  being. 

Individuality,  «.      I.   Personality,  distinct  exist- 
ence. 
2.   Decision  of  character,  self-direction,  origi- 


nality, unique  quality,  self-engendered  character, 
self-determination. 

Individualize,  v.  a.  I.  Particularize,  consider 
individually,  specify,  name  with  precision. 

2.  Make  individual,  invest  with  fulness  of 
character,  render  unique  or  original,  render  self- 
directing  or  self-determined,  individuate. 

ladividuate,  v.  a.     See  Individualize. 

Indivisible,  a.  I.  Inseparable,  that  cannot  be 
divided  or  separated  into  parts. 

2.  Inseparable,  indissoluble,  that  cannot  be 
sundered,  not  to  be  broken  or  dissolved. 

3.  {Math)  Incommensurable,  destitute  of 
common  divisor  or  measure. 

Indocibility,  n.  Unteachableness,  indociblecess, 
indocility. 

Indocible,  a.    Unteachable,  indocile. 

Indocibleness,  «.     See  Indocility. 

Indocile,  a.  Unteachable,  intractable,  stubborn, 
perverse,  unruly,  headstrong,  refractory,  obstinate, 
dogged,  mulish,  unmanageable,  ungovernable,  can- 
tankerous, contumacious,  froward. 

Indocility,  n.  Unteachableness,  indocibleness, 
indocibility,  intractableness,  stubbornness,  ob- 
stinacy, mulishness. 

Indoctrinate,  v.  a.  Teach,  instruct,  initiate,  give 
instruction  to,  ground,  ground  in  doctrine  or  in 
the  doctrines  oi. 

Indoctrination,  «.  Instruction,  initiation,  ground- 
ing. 

Indolence,  n.  Laziness,  slothfulness,  sloth,  inert- 
ness, idleness,  sluggishness. 

Indolent,  a.  I.  Lazy,  slothful,  inert,  sluggish, 
inactive,  listless,  supine,  lumpish,  habitually 
idle. 

2.  Slowly  operative,  slow,  sluggish,  inactive, 
inert,  acting  slowly. 

Indomitable,  a.  Unyielding,  unconquerable,  in- 
vincible, not  to  be  subdued. 

In  doors.     Within  the  house,  under  cover. 

Indorse,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Endorse.]  I.  Super- 
scribe, write  on  the  back  of. 

2.  Sanction,  approve,  confirm,  ratify,  vouch 
for. 

Indubitable,  a.  Unquestionable,  indisputable,  in- 
contestable, undeniable,  incontrovertible,  evident, 
certain,  beyond  all  question,  beyond  a  doubt,  past 
dispute. 

Induce,  V.  a.     I.   Influence,  impel,  move,  prompt, 
actuate,    instigate,   persuade,  urge,  incite,   spur, 
act  upon,  set  on,  weigh  with,  prevail  on,  prevail 
upon. 
2.   Cause,  produce,  effect,  bring  on. 

Inducement,  «.     I.     Inducing.     See  the  verb. 
2.  Motive,  reason,  cause,  consideration,  incite- 
ment,  incentive,   stimulus,  spur,  influence,  im- 
pulse. 

Induct,  V.  a.  Introduce  (into  office),  install,  inau- 
gurate. 

Induction,  «.  I.  Introduction  {into  office),  in- 
stallation, inauguration,  institution. 

2.  Conclusion  (from  many  /acts),  inference, 
generalization,  tentative  inference,  inductive 
method,  Baconian  method. 

3.  {Phys.)     Influence  of  proximity. 

Indue,    V.    a.     Supply,    invest,    clothe,    endue, 

endow. 
Indulge,  V.  a.     I.   Gratify,  satisfy,  yield  to,  give 

free  scope  to,  give  a  loose  rein  to,  give  way  to, 

give  one's  self  up  to. 

2.  Humor  excessively  or  to  excess,  yield  to 
the  wishes  of,  pamper,  humor,  favor,  cocker, 
allow  to  follow  one's  appetites  or  caprices. 

3.  Allow,  permit,  suffer,  harbor,  foster,  cherish. 
Indtdge,  V.  n.     Indulge  one's  self 
Indulg:ence,  n.     I.  Gratification,  humoring,  pam- 
pering, cockering. 


INDULGENT 


228 


IN  EXTREMIS 


2.  Favor,  liberality,  lenity,  lenience,  kindness, 
tenderness. 

3.  {Theol.)  Remission,  absolution  (Jrom 
canonical  penance). 

Indulgent,  a.     I.   Yielding,  compliant. 

2.  Lenient,  mild,  clement,  tolerant,  gentle,  for- 
bearing, kind,  tender,  not  severe. 

Indurate,  v.  a.      I.    Harden,  render  hard,  make 
hard. 
2.   Make  obdurate,  make  unfeeling,  sear. 

Induration,  «.     I.    Hardening. 
_2.   Obduracy,  hardness  of  heart. 

Industrial,  a.     I.   Pertaining  or  relating  to  indus- 
try, productive,  relating  to  toil  <7r  handiwork,  of 
the  products  of  labor,  of  industries. 
2.    For  labor,  for  instruction  in  labor. 

Industrious,  a.  I.  Diligent,  assiduous,  laborious, 
notable,  hard-working,  diligently  employed,  busily 
engaged,  up  and  stirring,  busy  as  a  bee,  brisk  as 
a  bee. 

2.  Busy,  brisk,  persistent,  persevering,  sedu- 
lous. 

Industry,  «.  I.  Assiduity,  assiduousness,  activ- 
ity, diligence,  habitual  devotion  to  labor. 

2.  Persistence,  perseverance,  sedulousness, 
assiduity,  busy  vigor. 

3.  Labor,  toil,  effort ;  labors,  efforts,  endeav- 
ors, results. 

4.  Industrial  art,  form  of  productive  effort. 
Inebriate,  v.  a.     Intoxicate,  make  drunk. 
Inebriation,   «.      Intoxication,    drunkenness,    in- 
ebriety. 

Inebriety*  n^     See  Inebriation. 

Ineffable,  a.      Unspeakable,    unutterable,    inex- 

Eressible,  indescribable,  that  cannot  be  spoken, 
eyond  expression. 

Ineffaceable,  a.     Indelible,  ingrained. 

In  effect,     in  fact,  in  truth,  really,  in  reality. 

Ineffective,  a.    Inefficacious.    See  Ineffectual. 

Ineffectual*  a.  I.  inefficacious,  ineffective,  un- 
availing, fruitless,  useless,  abortive,  bootless,  to 
no  purpose,  without  effect. 

2.  Powerless,  weak,  impotent,  feeble,  ineffi- 
cient. 

Ineffectualness, «.    Inefficacy. 

Inefficacious,  a.  Ineffective,  unavailing.  See 
Ineffectual. 

Inefficacy,  «.     Ineffectualness. 

Inefficiency,  «.  Inefficacy,  want  or  lack  of  effi- 
ciency. 

Inefficient,  a.  Ineffective,  lacking  in  efficiency, 
weak,  feeble. 

Inelegant,  a.  I.  Ungraceful,  awkward,  ungainly, 
uncouth,  homely,  clumsy,  rude,  coarse. 

2.  Unpolished,  uncourtly,  unrefined,  ungrace- 
ful, rough,  homespun,  uncouth,  ungainly,  awk- 
ward. 

3.  Plain,  homely,  awkward-looking. 

4.  Stiff,  constrained,  harsh,  crude,  bald, 
cramped,  abrupt. 

Ineligible,  a.  I.  Not  eligible,  disqualified  {for 
office). 

2.  Inexpedient,  unadvisable,  objectionable,  un- 
desirable. 

Inept,  a,  I.  Improper,  unfit,  unsuitable,  inappro- 
priate, inapposite,  unapt. 

2.  Useless,  worthless,  void,  null. 

3.  Foolish,  silly,  nonsensical,  senseless,  stupid, 
pointless. 

Ineptitude,  «.  I.  Unfitness,  unsuitableness,  in- 
aptitude, inappropriateness,  impropriety,  inap- 
positeness. 

2.  Uselessness,  worthlessness,  emptiness,  nul- 
lity. 

3.  Folly,  foolishness,  nonsense,  silliness,  sense- 
lessness, stupidity,  pointlessness. 

Inequality,  «.     I.   Disparity,  difference,  diversity. 


2.  Unevenness,  irregularity,  roughness. 

3.  Unfairness,  injustice,  inequitable  character. 

4.  Inadequacy,  insufficiency,  incompetency. 

5.  (Alg.)    Inequation. 
Inequation,  «.     ^Al^.)    Inequality. 
Inequitable,  a.     Unjust,  unfair,  destitute  of  equity. 
Inert,  a.     I,   Inactive,  lifeless,  passive,  motionless, 

dead. 

2.   Dull,    indolent,  torpid,   sluggish,   slothful, 
lazy,  idle,  supine,  lumpish,  dronish. 
Inertia,   «.     I.   Passivity,  passiveness,   inertness, 
lack  of  activity. 

2.  Inertness,  sluggishness,  indisposition  to  move. 

3.  {Phys.)  Vis  inertia,  tendency  to  contin- 
uance {whether  of  rest  or  of  ^notion),  resistance 
to  change. 

In  esse.  [L.]  In  being,  actually  existing,  in  actual 
existence  or  operation. 

Inestimable,  a.  invaluable,  priceless,  that  can- 
not be  estimated,  above  all  price,  precious,  ex- 
tremely valuable. 

Inevitable,  a.  Unavoidable,  necessary,  not  to  be 
escaped,  that  must  be  suffered. 

Inevitably,  ad.     Unavoidably,  certainly,  surely. 

Intact,  a.  Incorrect,  inaccurate,  without  pre- 
cision. 

Inexcusable,  a.  Unpardonable,  indefensible,  un- 
justifiable, irremissible,  incapable  of  excuse. 

Inexbaustible,  a.  Exhaustless,  unfailing,  that 
cannot  be  exhausted. 

Inexistence,  «.     Non-existence,  nonentity. 

Inexorable,  a.  I,  Unrelenting,  relentless,  im- 
placable, pitiless,  merciless,  unmerciful,  uncom- 
passionate,  hard,  cruel. 

2.  Unyielding,  inflexible  {to  supplication)^ 
unbending,  immovable  {by  prayers),  firm,  stead- 
fast, sternly  just,  severe. 

Inexpedient,  a.  Unadvisable,  disadvantageous, 
injudicious,  imprudent,  indiscreet,  ill-judged. 

Inexperience,  «.  Rawness,  greenness,  ignorance, 
want  of  experience. 

Inexperienced,  a.  Unpractised,  untrained,  un- 
initiated, unschooled,  raw,  unversed,  unconver- 
sant,  undisciplined,  unskilled,  green,  without 
experience. 

Inexpert,  a.  Unskilful,  unskilled,  awkward, 
clumsy,  unhandy,  inapt,  bungling,  maladroit, 
without  dexterity. 

Inexpiable,  a.  I.  Unpardonable,  irremissible, 
unatonable,  not  to  be  atoned  for,  that  admits  of 
no  satisfaction. 

2.  Implacable,  unappeasable,  inexorable,  not 
to  be  appeased,  irreconcilable. 

Inexplicable,  a.  Unaccountable,  unintelligible,  in- 
comprehensible, inscrutable,  mysterious,  strange, 
enigmatical,  not  to  be  explained. 

Inexpressible,  a.     I.   Unutterable,  unspeakable, 
indescribable.     See  Ineffable. 
2.   Surpassing,  boundless,  infinite. 

Inexpressdbles,  n.  pi.  [Comic  euphemism.\ 
Unmentionables,  breeches,  trousers,  pantaloons. 

Inexpressive*  a.  Unexpressive,  characterless, 
blank. 

Inexpugnable,  a.  I.  Impregnable,  unassailable, 
not  to  be  taken  by  assault,  not  to  be  stormed, 
secure  from  capture,  tenable  against  all  odds. 

2.  Unconquerable,  invincible,  not  to  be  sub- 
dued. 

3.  Incontrovertible,  irrefragable,  impregnable, 
unassailable,  unanswerable. 

Inexsuperable,  a.     Insurmountable. 

In  extenso.   [L.]     In  full,   to  the  full  extent,  at 

length,  in  full  detail. 
Inextinguishable,  a.     Unquenchable,  that  cannot 

be  extinguished. 
In  extremis.     [L.]     In  one's  last  moments,  at  the 

point  of  death,  in  the  very  act  of  death,  moribund. 


INEXTRICABLE 


229 


INFINITUDE 


Inextricable,  a.  Intricate,  perplexed,  entangled, 
that  cannot  be  disentangled,  not  to  be  unravelled. 

In  fact.  I.  Really,  truly,  in  truth,  in  reality,  in- 
deed. 

2.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  in  point  of  fact,  indeed, 
to  tell  the  truth. 

3.  Actually,  as  a  mfere  fact,  de facto. 
Infallibility,     «.      I.    Infaliibleness.     exemption 

from  liability  to  err,  incapability  of  error,  absolute 
perfection  of  judgment. 
2.   Certainty 

Infallible,  a.     I.   Unerring,  not  liable  to  err,  in- 
capable of  error. 
2.   Certain,  sure,  unfailing,  not  liable  to  fail. 

Infaliibleness,  n.     See  Infallibility. 

Infallibly,  ad.  Certainly,  surely,  unfailingly, 
without  fail. 

Infamous,  a.  I.  Disreputable,  of  ill  repute,  ill 
spoken  of. 

2.  Disgraceful,  dishonorable,  shameful,  shame- 
jess,  odious,  detestable,  scandalous,  outrageous, 
ignominious,  base,  vile,  nefarious,  villanous, 
heinous,   atrocious,  wicked,  dark,  damnable. 

Infamy,  n.  I.  Dishonor,  disgrace,  discredit,  dis- 
repute, shame,  ignominy,  obloquy,  opprobrium, 
odium,  scandal,  abasement. 

2.  Disgracefulness,  dishonorableness,  shame- 
fulness,  odiousness,  detestableness,  scandalous- 
ness, wickedness,  atrocity,  villany. 

Infancy,  «.  I.  Babyhood,  first  part  of  life,  early 
childhood. 

2.  Beginning,  commencement,  first  age,  early 
period  of  existence. 

3.  {Law.)  Minority,  nonage,  pupilage,  child- 
hood. 

Infant,   n.     I.   Babe,  baby,  nursling,    suckling, 
chit,  brat,  bantling,  little  child,  little  one,  bairn 
{^Scotch) 
2.  {Law.)    Minor. 
Infanticide,  n.     I.   Child-murder. 

2.    Murderer  of  an  infant,  slayer  of  infants. 

SfanSfe,  }  ^     ^'  Childish,  young,  tender. 

2.  Childish,  babyish,  weak. 

3.  Childlike,  babylike. 
Infantry,  «.     Foot-soldiers,  foot. 

Infatuate,  v.  a.     I.  Befool,  besot,  stultify,  delude, 

make  foolish,  deprive  of  reason,  deprive  of  sound 

judgment  or  common-sense. 

2.   Prepossess  extravagantly,  carry  beside  one's 

self,  absorb  in  an  uncontrollable  passion. 
Infatuation,  n.     Folly,  foolishness,  stupefaction, 

besottedness,  arrant  folly,  passionate  absorption, 

senseless  prepossession. 
In  favor  OI.     Favorable  to,  inclined  to  approve, 

willing  to  support. 
In  favor  with.     Favored  by,  in  the  good  graces 

of. 
Infeasibillty,  «.     Impracticability,  infeasibleness, 

unfeasibleness. 
Infeasible,    a.      Impracticable,    unfeasible,    that 

cannot  be  accomplished,  not  to  be  done. 
Infeasibleness,  n.    See  Infbasibility. 
Infect,  V.  a.      I.   Taint  with  disease,  affect  with 

contagious  matter. 
2.   Pollute,  contaminate,  vitiate,  poison,  defile, 

corrupt. 
Infection,  n.     I.   Contagion. 

2.  Contantiination,  taint,  bane,  pest,  poison, 
pollution,  vitiation,  defilement,  corruption. 

3.  {Med.)   Contagium,  virus. 

Infectious,  a.  I.  Contagious,  pestilential,  pes- 
tiferous, catching. 

2.  Contaminating,  corrupting,  vitiating,  poi- 
soning, defiling,  polluting. 

Infecund,  a.  Unfruitful,  infertile,  unproductive, 
unprolific,  sterile,  barren. 


Infecundity,  n.  Unfruitfulness,  barrenness,  un- 
productiveness, sterility,  infertility. 

Inf elidtons,  a.  I.  Unhappy,  wretched,  miserable, 
unfortunate,  calamitous. 

2.  Unfavorable,  unpropitious,  inauspicious. 

3.  Inappropriate,  unhappy,  ill-chosen,  unfit- 
ting, in  bad  taste. 

Infelicity,  «.  I.  Unhappiness,  wretchedness, 
misery,  misfortune,  calamity,  ill-luck. 

2.  Unfavorableness,  unfortunate  state. 

3.  Inappropriateness,  unsuitableness,  unfit- 
ness, awkwardness,   bad  taste. 

Infer,  z'.  a.  Deduce,  conclude,  collect,  gather, 
consider  probable. 

Inferable,  a.  [Written  also  Inferrible.']  De- 
ducible,  to  be  inferred  or  concluded. 

Inference,  n.  I.  Conclusion,  deduction,  conse- 
quence, corollary. 

2.  Process  of  reasoning,  process  of  inference. 

3.  Generalization,  induction. 
Inferior,  a.     I.    Lower. 

2.  Subordinate,  secondary. 

3.  Poor,  indifferent. 

4.  Poorer,  less  good,  less  valuable,  of  lower 
quality  or  grade. 

Inferiority)  «.     I.   Lower  state  or  condition. 

2.  Subordination. 

3.  Mediocrity,  poor  quality. 

4.  Deficiency,  imperfection,  lower  quality, 
lower  worth. 

Infernal,  a.     I.   Hellish,  Tartarean,  Stygian,  of 

hell. 
2.   Diabolical,   devilish,  demoniacal,   fiendish, 

fiendlike,     satanic,    atrocious,    nefarious,   dark, 

damnable,  accursed,  abominable. 
Inferrible,    a.      [Written  also  Inferable.']     De- 

ducible,  to  be  inferred  or  concluded. 
Infertility,  «.     Unfruitfulness,  unproductiveness, 

barrenness,  sterility,  infecundity. 
Infest,   V.  a.      I.   Throng,   overrun,   beset,   take 

complete  possession  of,  swarm  in. 
2.   Disturb,  annoy,  vex,  tease,  harass,  plague, 

torment,  trouble,  molest,  worry. 
In  few.    {Poetical.)    Briefly,  in  short,  in  a  few 

words. 
Infidel,  «.     I.   Unbeliever,  atheist,  disbeliever  in 

God,  denier  of  religious  obligation. 

2.  {Historical  sense.)  Mahometan,  Turk, 
defiler  of  the  Holy   Sepulchre. 

3.  {Historical  sense.)  Christian,  denier  of 
Islam,  blasphemer  of  Mahomet. 

4.  {Historical  sense.)  Freethinker,  denier 
of  miracles  and  miraculous  revelation,  denier  of 
revealed  religion,  deist. 

Infidelity,  «.     I.   Unbelief,  disbelief,  scepticism. 

2.  Faithlessness  {in  the  marriage  relation)., 
unfaithfulness. 

3.  Faithlessness  {generally),  bad  faith,  dis- 
loyalty. 

Infiltrate,  v.  n.  Soak  {into  a  porous  substance), 
be  absorbed,  pass  by  filtration. 

Infinite,  a.  I.  Unbounded,  boundless,  un- 
limited, illimitable,  limitless,  immeasurable,  in- 
terminable. 

2.  Immense,  enormous,  vast,  stupendous,  very 
great,  very  large. 

3.  Unconditioned,  absolute,  self-determined, 
self-existent,  eternal. 

Infinite,  «.  [With  The  prefixed.]  The  Absolute, 
the  Eternal.     See  God. 

Infinitesimal,  a.     Infinitely  small. 

Infinitesimal,  «.  Infinitely  small  quantity,  quan- 
tity converging  to  zero,  infinitely  dimmishing 
quantity,  quantity  whose  limit  is  zero,  vanishing 
fluxion. 

Infinitude,  «.     I.    Boundlessness,  infinity. 
2.   Immensity,  vastness,  infinity. 


INFINITY 


230 


INFUSION 


3.  Infinite  number,  boundless  multitude. 
Infinity,  «.     I.    See  Infinitude. 

2.  Unlimited  degree,  iufiniteness. 

3.  Absoluteness,  self-determination,  self-ex- 
istence,  eternity. 

Tnfjrm,    a.     I.  Weak,    feeble,    enfeebled,    frail, 
weakened,  debilitated. 

2.  Irresolute,  vacillating,  wavering,  faltering. 

3.  Insecure,  unstable,  unsound. 
Infirmity,  n.     I.   Weakness,  feebleness,  debility, 

frailness,  frailty. 
2.    Foible,  fault,  failing,  defect,  weakness. 
Infix,  V.  a.     I.   Fasten,  plant,  set,  fix. 

2.    Implant,  ingraft,  instil,  inculcate,  infuse. 
Inflame,   v.  a.      I.   Excite,   stimulate,    enkindle, 
incite,  fire,  rouse,  arouse,  animate,   inspirit,  set 
on,  work  up,  stir  up. 

2.   Exasperate,  irritate,  nettle,  provoke,  anger, 
enrage,  incense,  madden,  infuriate. 
Inflame,  v.  «.     I.   Take  fire. 

2.  Become  excited,  grow  angry. 

3.  Grow  red,  feverish,  and  angry. 
Inflammability,  «.     Inflammableness,  combusti- 
bility, combustibleness. 

Inflammable,  a.     I.   Combustible. 
2.   Excitable. 

Inflammable  air.    Hydrogen. 
Inflammableness,  «.     See  Inflammability. 
Inflammation,    n.      I.   Burning,     conflagration, 
setting  on  fire. 

2.  {Med.)    Swelling  and  redness. 

3.  Excitement,  anger,  animosity,  turbulence, 
heat,  violence,  rage. 

Inflammatory,  a.     I.   Inflaming,  fiery. 

2.  Incendiary,  seditious. 

3.  {Med.)    Tending  to  inflammation. 
Inflate,  v.  a.     I.    Swell  {by  blowing),  distend,  ex- 
pand, bloat,  blow  up. 

2.  Puff  up,  make  conceited. 

3.  Enlarge,  increase. 

Inflated,  a.     I.   Distended  {v)Hh  air)^  swollen, 

bloated,  puffed  up. 
2,  Tumid,   turgid,   bombastic,  grandiloquent, 

altiloquent,   magniloquent,   stilted,  declamatory, 

rhetorical,  sophomorical,  high-flown. 
Inflation,  n.      I.   Swelling   {by    air),    distension, 

expansion,  blowing  up. 

2.  Conceit,  conceitedness,  self-conceit,  self- 
sufficiency,  self-complacency,  self-importance, 
vain-gloriousness,  vain-glory. 

3.  Increase,  enlargement. 

4.  {Com.)  Over-enlargement  {of  currency), 
over-issue. 

Inflect,  V.  a.     I,   Bend,  bow,  curve,  turn  from  a 
direct  line. 

2.  {Gram.)  Decline  {a  noun  or  an  adjec- 
tive), conjugate  {a  verb),  vary  the  terminations 
of. 

Inflection,    n.      I.    Bending,    curvature,    bend, 
curvity,  flexure,  crook.  _ 

2.  {Gram.)  Variation  {in  declension  or  in 
conjugation),  accidence ;  declension,  conjugation, 
and  comparison. 

3.  {Music  and  Elocution.)  Modulation  {of 
the  voice). 

Inflexibility,  «.     I.   Stiffness,  inflexibleness. 

2.  Pertinacity,  doggedness,  stubbornness,  ob- 
stinacy. 

3.  Firmness,  resolution,  perseverance,  tena- 
city of  purpose. 

Inflexible,  a.     I.    Stiff,  rigid. 

2.  Pertinacious,  dogged,  stubborn,  obstinate, 
unyielding,  refractory,  headstrong,  wilful,  can- 
tankerous, intractable,  heady,  obdurate,  cross- 
gi^ined. 

3.  Firm,  resolute,  steadfast,  immovable,  per- 
severing. 


4.   Inexorable,    unyielding,      immovable     by 
entreaties. 
Inflexibleness,  «.     See  Inflexibility. 
Inflict,  V.  a.     Impose,  lay  on. 
Infliction,  n.     I.   Inflicting,  imposition. 

2.   Punishment,  judgment. 
Inflorescence,    «.      I.     Flowering,    blossoming, 
blooming. 
2.   Mode  of  flowering. 
Influence,  «.     I.   Authority,  sway,   control,   pre- 
dominance,  ascendency,   power  of  impelling  or 
directing,  controlling  power,  directing  agency. 

2.  Reputation,  credit,  weight  of  character. 

3.  Influx,  inflow,  inflowing. 

4.  Mystic  power,  unseen  or  mysterious 
agency. 

Influence,  v,  a.  I.  Control,  sway,  bias,  lead, 
direct,  modify,  affect. 

2.  Move,  induce,  impel,  instigate,  persuade, 
actuate,  incite,  rouse,  arouse,  work  upon,  prevail 
upon. 

Influential,  a.     I.   Potent,  powerful,  controlling. 
2.   Of  influence,  of  authority. 

Influx,  n.     Introduction,  flowing  in. 

Infold,  v.  a.    [Sometimes  written  Enfold^    I.  In- 
wrap,  enclose,  wrap,  fold,  envelop. 
2.   Clasp,  embrace. 

Inform,  v.  a.  I.  Animate,  inspire,  quicken,  give 
life  to. 

2.  Acquaint,  apprise,  advise,  tell,  notify, 
make  known  to,  mention  to,  give  notice  to,  sig- 
nify to,  send  word  to,  write  word  to. 

Inform  against.  Give  information  against  {by 
way  of  accusation),  denounce. 

Informal,  a.  I.  irregular,  out  of  the  usual 
course,  not  according  to  the  prescribed  form. 

2.  Unconventional,  unceremonious. 

3.  Simple,  natural,  familiar,  easy. 
Informality,   «.      I.    Irregularity,   want   of  con- 
formity to  (the)  prescribed  rule. 

2.  Absence  of  ceremony,  unconventionality, 
unceremoniousness. 

3.  Simplicity,  naturalness,  ease,  familiarity. 
Informant,  «.     I.    Informer. 

2.   Accuser,  complainant,  informer. 
Information,  «•     I.   Intelligence,  notice,  advice. 

2.  Knowledge,  knowledge  of  facts. 

3.  {Law.)  Accusation,  complaint,  denuncia- 
tion. 

Informer,  «.     I.    Informant. 

2.   Accuser,  complainant,  informant. 

Infraction,  n.  Breaking,  breach,  infringement, 
violation,  transgression,  disobedience,  non- 
observance. 

Infrangible,  a.     I.   That  cannot  be  broken. 

2.  Not  to  be  violated,  that  may  not  be  in- 
fringed. 

Infrequency,  n,     Uncommonness,  rarity,  rareness. 

Infrequent,  a.  Uncommon,  rare,  unfrequent,  un- 
usual, seldom  occurring. 

Infringe,  v.  a.  Break,  violate,  transgress,  dis- 
obey, break  through,  trench  upon,  set  at  nought. 

Infringement,  n.  Breaking,  breach,  infraction, 
violation,  transgression,  disobedience,  non-ob- 
servance. 

Infringe  upon.  Invade,  trespass  upon,  encroach 
upon,  intrude  upon. 

SSdibSlifoVm,!-     (^^^•>    Tunnel-Shaped. 
Infuriate,    I  a.     Enraged,  raging,  incensed,  furi- 
Infuriated, )      ous,  wild  with  anger. 
Infuse,  V.  n.     I.   Instil,  ingraft,  implant,   inspire, 
breathe  into,  introduce,  inculcate. 

2.  Introduce,  diffuse,  shed. 

3.  Steep  (/«  liquor),  macerate. 

Infusion,  n.  I.  Introduction,  inculcation,  instil' 
lation. 


INFUSORIA 


231 


INJURY 


2.  Infusing,  steeping,  macerating. 

3.  Steeped  liquor. 

Infusoria,  »•  //.     Animalcules,  animalcula. 

Ingathering:,  «.     Harvest. 

In  general.  I.  Generally,  in  the  main,  for  the 
most  part,  in  most  cases,  with  few  exceptions. 

2.  Generally,  upon  the  whole,  speaking  gener- 
ally, to  sum  up,  in  a  genet al  way,  to  speak 
summarily. 

Ingenious,  a.     I.   Inventive,  gifted,  able,  saga- 
cious, clever,  bright,  ready. 
2.   That  shows  invention,  exhibiting  ingenuity. 

Ingenuity,  «.  Inventiveness,  ingeniousness, 
acuteness,  skill,  readiness,  ability,  capableness, 
capacity,  faculty,  aptitude,  aptness,  cleverness, 
knack,  turn,  gift,  genius. 

Ingenuous^  a.  Artless,  frank,  open,  candid,  sin- 
cere, guileless,  honest,  downrightj  straightfor- 
ward, truthful,  simple-minded,  smgle-minded, 
open-hearted,  transparent,  childlike,  naive. 

Ingenuousness,  n.  Artlessness,  frankness,  can- 
dor, sincerity,  honesty,  truthfulness,  openness, 
guilelessness,  single-mindedness,  open-hearted- 
ness,  childlikeness,  naivete. 

Inglorious,  a.  I.  Obscure,  mean,  lowly,  humble, 
unknown,  undistinguished,  nameless,  unmarked, 
unnoted,  unhonored. 

2.  Shameful,  disgraceful,  humiliating,  scan- 
dalous, ignominious. 

Ingloriousness,  n.  I.  Obscurity,  meanness, 
humbleness,  lowliness,  namelessness,  want  of 
fame,  lack  of  distinction. 

2.  Abasement,  discredit,  disrepute,  d'shonor, 
disgrace,  ignominy,  ignominiousness,  obloquy, 
shame,  infamy,  opprobrium,  odium,  humiliation. 

In  good  case.  In  good  condition,  in  good  health, 
well,  sound,  hearty,  hale. 

Ingraft,  v.  a.    I.  Graft 

2.    Infix,  implant,  instil,  infuse,  inculcate. 

Ingrain,  v.  a.     I.   Dye  in  the  grain. 
2.    Imbue,  impregnate. 

Ingratiate  one's  self.  Commend  one's  self,  get 
one's  self  into  favor. 

Ingratitude,  «.     Unthankfulness,   thanklessness. 

Ingredient,  n.  Element,  constituent,  component, 
component  part. 

Ingress,  «.     Entrance,  entry. 

Inguinal,  a.     {Anat)    Of  the  groin. 

Ingulf,  V.  a.  [Written  also  Engulf. ^  Absorb, 
swallow  up,  overwhelm,  whelm. 

Inliablt,  v,  a.  Occupy,  dwell  in,  live  in,  reside 
in. 

Inhabit,  v.  «.    Dwell,  reside,  sojourn,  live,  abide. 

Inhabitable,  a.    Habitable. 

Inhabitant,  \  n.    Dweller,  resident,  denizen,  citi- 

Inhabiter,   S     zen. 

Inhalation,  n.     Inspiration,  inhaling. 

Inhale,  v.  a.  Inspire,  breathe  in,  draw  into  the 
lungs. 

ShSS^l,}''-     InJiarmonious. 
Inharmonious,  a      Discordant,  unmusical,  inhar- 
monic, unharmonious,  out  of  tune. 
Inhere,  v.  n.     I.   Stick,  stick  fast,  be  fixed. 

2.    Exist  {as  a  part),  be  fixed  {as  a  quality), 
belong,  pertain,  be  immanent. 
Inherent,  a.     I.   Sticking  fast,  adhering. 

2.    Innate,  native,  natural,  inborn,  inbred,  in- 
grained, essential,  inseparable. 
Innerit,   v.   a.      Get  from   ancestors,  receive  by 

inheritance,  come  into  possession  of  as  an  heir. 
Inheritance,  n.     I.    Inheriting. 
2.    Heritage,  patrimony. 

Inheritor,  «.    Heir. 

Inhibit,  v.  a.      I.    Restrain,   hinder,   check,   re- 
press, obstruct,  bar,  debar,  stop. 
2.    Prohibit,  forbid,  interdict. 


Inhibition,  «.  I.  Restraint,  hindrance,  impedi- 
ment, obstacle,  obstruction,  check. 

2.   Prohibition,  interdiction,  iuterdict,  disallow- 
ance, embargo. 

Inhibitory,  a.     Prohibitory. 

In  high  feather.  In  good  health,  in  good  (spirits, 
in  good  condition. 

Inhospitable,  a.  I.  Unfriendly  {to  strangers), 
unkind,  not  hospitable. 

2.  Ungenerous,  narrow,  illiberal,  unreceptive, 
intolerant,  bigoted,  prejudiced. 

Inhospitality,  «.     Want  of  hospitality. 

Inhuman,  a.  Barbarous,  brutal,  savage,  cruel, 
ruthless,  pitiless,  remorseless,  merciless,  fell, 
ferocious,  unfeeling. 

Inhumanity»  »•  I.  Barbarity,  brutality,  savage- 
ness,  cruelty,  ferocity. 

2.  Hard-heartedness,  hardness  of  heart,  un- 
kindness. 

Inhume,  v.  a.  Bury,  inter,  entomb,  deposit  in  the 
earth. 

Inimical,  a.     I.   Hostile,  unfriendly,  antagonistic. 

2.    Adverse,    unfavorable,   opposed,   contrary, 

repugnant,  hurtful,  harmful,  noxious,  pernicious 

Inimitable,  a.  Unparalleled,  unequalled,  unex- 
ampled, incomparable,  unrivalled,  unmatched,  un- 
paragoned,  matchless,  peerless,  above  imitalion, 
surpassing  imitation,  supreme,  consummate,  be- 
yond compare. 

Iniquitous,  a.  Unjust,  unrighteous,  unfair,  in^ 
equitable,  wrong,  wicked,  sinful,  nefarious,  hei- 
nous, flagitious. 

Iniquity,  «.     I.    Injustice,  unrighteousness,  wick- 
edness, sin,  sinfulness. 
2.    Sin,  crime,  misdeed,  wicked  act,  offence 

Initial,  a.  I.  First,  at  the  beginning,  at  the 
bead. 

2.  Incipient,  commencing,  beginning,  in  the 
first  stages 

Initial,  n.     First  letter  {of  a  fiatne). 

Initiate,  v.  a.    I.   Introduce,  give  entrance  to. 

2.  Indoctrinate,  instruct,  teach 

3.  Begin,  commence,  open,  inaugurate,  enter 
upon. 

Initiation,  n.  I.  Introduction,  admission,  en- 
trance. 

2.  Instruction,  indoctrination. 

3.  Beginning,  inauguration,  commencement, 
opening. 

IniHative,  a.     Inceptive,  initiatory. 

Initiatiye,  n.     I.    Beginning,  first  step. 
2.    Power  to  begin,  power  to  originate. 

Initiatory,  a.     Initiative,  inceptive 

Inject.  V.  a      Throw  in,  dart  in. 

Injection,  «.     I.   Injecting. 

2.   Cly-ster,  enema,  lavement. 

In  jest.  In  joke,  in  sport,  jestingly,  sportively,  not 
in  earnest. 

In  joke.    See  In  jest. 

Injudicious,  a.  Unwise,  indiscreet,  imprudent, 
inconsiderate,  foolish,  rash,  incautious,  hasty,  ill- 
judged,  ill-advised. 

Injunction,  n.  Command,  order,  precept,  man- 
date. 

Injure,  v.  a.  I.  Maltreat,  wrong,  abuse,  do 
wrong  to,  do  an  ill  office  to,  treat  unjustly. 

2.  Harm,  hurt,  damage,  spoil,  impair,  mar, 
disfigure,  do  harm  to. 

Injurious,  a.  I.  Wrongful,  iniquitous,  unjust, 
inequitable. 

2.  Hurtful,  detrimental,  prejudicial,  pernicious, 
deleterious,  noxious,  deadly,  baneful,  mischiev- 
ous, damaging,  disadvantageous,  destructive, 
ruinous,  fatal. 

3.  Contumelious,  detractory,  libellous,  slan- 
derous. 

Injury,  n.    I.  Wrong,  injustice. 


INJUSTICE 


232 


INSENSATE 


2.  Hurt,  damage,  harm,  detriment,  mischief, 
prejudice. 

Injustice,   n.     I.   Unfairness,  unjust  or  inequita- 
ble nature  or  character. 
2.   Wrong,  grievance,  piece  of  injustice. 

Inkhorn,  «.     Inkstand. 

Inkling;,  n.  Hint,  intimation,  whisper,  sugges- 
tion. 

Inkstand,  ».     Inkhom. 

Inky,  a.     Black,  atramentous- 

Inlaid,  a.  Decorated  with  inlaying  or  inlaid 
work. 

Inland,  a,     I.    Interior,  internal. 
2.    Domestic,  not  foreign,  home. 

Inlay,  v.  a.     Decorate  with  inserted  material. 

Inlet,  n.     I.   Entrance,  passage,  place  of  ingress. 
2.   Bay,  bight,  cove,  creek. 

In  limine.  [L.j  At  the  outset,  at  the  beginning, 
on  the  threshold. 

In  little.     In  miniature,  on  a  small  scale. 

In  loco.     [L.]     In  the  proper  or  natural  place. 

Inmate,  «.^    Occupant,  dweller,  denizen. 

In  memoriam.  [L.]  In  memory,  to  the  mem- 
ory of. 

Inmost,  a.     Innermost,  deepest,  most  inward. 

Inn,  «  Tavern,  hotel,  cabaret,  public-house, 
house  of  entertainment 

Innate,  a.  Inborn,  inbred,  native,  natural,  inher- 
ent, organic. 

Inner,  a.     Interior,  internal. 

Innermost,  a.     Inmost,  deepest,  most  inward. 

Innkeeper,  «.  Innholder,  host,  landlord,  tavern- 
keeper. 

Innocence,  «.  I.  Harmlessness,  inoflfensiveness, 
innocuousness,  innoxiousness. 

2.  Guiltlessness,  sinlessness,  blamelessness, 
guilelessness,  purity,  simplicity,  stainlessness. 

Innocent,  a.  I.  Harmless,  inoffensive,  innocuous, 
innoxious 

2.  Guiltless,  sinless,  faultless,  blameless,  im- 
maculate, spotless,  pure,  clean,  clear,  guileless, 
upright,  unfallen. 

3.  Not  guilty,  free  from  the  guilt  (of  a  particu- 
lar crime). 

Innocuous,  a.  Harmless,  inoffensive,  innoxious, 
innocent. 

Innovate,  v.  n.  Introduce  novelties,  make 
changes,  make  innovations. 

Innovation,  n.  I.  Change,  introduction  of  nov- 
elty. 

2.  Novelty,  radically  new  measure,  violent 
departure  from  established  precedent. 

Innoxious,  a.  Harmless,  inoffensive,  innocuous, 
innocent. 

In  nuce.     [L.]     In  a  nutshell,  in  a  small  compass. 

Innuendo,  n.  Insinuation,  remote  intimation,  in- 
direct allusion,  oblique  hint,  sly  suggestion. 

Innumerable,  a.  Numberless,  countless,  not  to 
be  counted,  that  cannot  be  numbered. 

Inoculate,  v.  a.    I.  Bud. 
2.   Vaccinate. 

Inoculation,  n.    I.  Budding. 
2.   Vaccination. 

Inodorous,  a.     Scentless,  without  odor  or  smell. 

Inoffensive,^.  Harmless,  unoffending,  innocuous, 
innoxious,  innocent. 

In  one's  cups.  Drunk,  drunken,  intoxicated,  in- 
ebriated, tipsy,  fuddled,  muddled,  maudlin,  dis- 
guised, mellow,  in  liquor,  half-seas-over,  three 
sheets  in  the  wind,  has  had  a  drop  too  much. 

Inoperative,  a.      I.     Inactive,   inefficacious,    in- 
effectual, of  no  effect 
2.  Out  of  force,  not  in  force. 

Inopportune,  a.  Unseasonable,  untimely,  ill- 
timed,  not  opportune. 

Inordinate,  a.  Immoderate,  extravagant,  exces- 
sive. 


Inorffical,  }  "*'     Unorganized,  inanimate. 

Inosculate,  v.  n.  {Bot.  and  A  ttat. )  Anastomose, 
unite  at  the  ends  {as  veins  or  arteries). 

Inosculate,  v.  a.     Unite  by  apposition  or  contact. 

Inosculation,  «.     {Bat.  and  a  fiat)    Anastomosis, 

In  part.     Partly,  in  some  degree. 

In  posse.  [L.l  Possible,  in  possibility,  poten- 
tially existent,  germinal,  in  germ. 

In  print.^    Printed,  published,  issued. 

In  propria  persona.     [L.]     in  one's  own  person. 

In  puns  naturalibus.     [L.]     Quite  naked. 

Inquest,  «.  I.  inquisition,  judicial  inquiry  {espe- 
cially by  a  coroner). 

2.   Jury  {particularly  a  coroner's  jury). 

Inquietude,  «.  Uneasiness,  disquiet,  disquietude, 
restlessness,  anxiety. 

Inquire,  v.  n.     [Written  also  Enquire.'\     I.   Ask, 
question,  seek  information  {by  questioning),  make 
inquiry. 
2.   Make  investigation,  make  examination. 

Inquire,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Enquire.'^  Ask 
about,  make  inquiry  about,  ask. 

Inquire  into.  Examine,  investigate,  sift,  canvass, 
follow  up,  look  into. 

Inquirer,  «.     Searcher,  investigator. 

Intquiry,  «.  I.  Interrogation,  question,  query, 
interrogatory. 

_  2.  Investigation,  examination,  research,  scru- 
tiny, study,  exploration. 

Inquisition,  «.     Inquest,  judicial  inquiry. 

Inquisitive,  a.      I.    Curious,  inquiring,  scrutiniz- 
ing, given  to  research,  fond  of  investigation. 
2.   Curious,  prying,  intrusively  curious. 

Inroad,  «•  Irruption,  foray,  incursion,  raid,  en- 
croachment, partial  invasion,  predatory  incursion. 

Insalubrious,  a.  Unhealthy,  unwholesome,  un- 
healthful,  noxious,  unfavorable  to  health 

Insane,  a.  Deranged,  crazy,  crazed,  lunatic,  mad, 
distracted,  demented,  delirious,  out  of  one's 
mind,  out  of  one's  head,  out  of  one's  senses,  out 
of  one's  wits. 

InsanitFr  «•  Derangement,  lunacy,  craziness, 
dementia,  mania,  madness,  delirium,  aberration 
of  mind,  alienation  of  mind,  loss  of  reason. 

Insatiability,  n.     Insatiableness. 

Insatiable,  a.     I.   Insatiate,  unappeasable,  not  to 
be  satisfied,  that  cannot  be  sated. 
2.  Greedy,  voracious,  rapacious. 

Insatiableness, «.    insatiability. 

Insatiate,  a.    See  Insatiable. 
Inscribe,  v.  a.     I.    write,  engrave. 

2.  Imprint,  impress. 

3.  Address  {as  a  literary  work),  dedicate. 
Inscrutability,  «.    See  Insckutableness. 
Inscrutable,    a       Undiscoveable,    unsearchable, 

impenetrable,  incomprehensible,  inexplicable,  un- 
fathomable, hidden,  mysterious,  past  comprehen- 
sion, above  comprehension,  not  to  be  understood. 

Inscrutableness,  n.  Inscrutability,  impenetra- 
bility, incomprehensibihty,  incomprehensibleness, 
unfathomableness,  mysteriousness,  mystery,  in- 
explicability,  unsearchableness. 

Insecure,  a.     I.    Uncertain,  not  sure,  risky. 

2.  Uncertain,  not  confident. 

3.  Unsafe,  unprotected,  ill-protected,  exposed, 
exposed  to  risk  or  danger,  in  danger, 

4.  Dangerous,  hazardous,  perilous. 

5.  Unstable,  infirm,  weak,  shaking,  tottering. 
Insecurity,  «.     I.    Uncertainty,  risk,  riskiness. 

2.  Danger,  hazard,  peril. 

3.  Dangerousness,     hazardousness,     perilous- 
ness. 

4.  Instability,  weakness,  tottering  condition  or 
character. 

Insensate,  a.  I.  Dull,  torpid,  indifferent,  in- 
sensible. 


INSENSIBILITY 


233 


INSPIRE 


2.  Stupid,  senseless,  foolish,  destitute  of  sense. 

3.  Inanimate^  insentient,  unconscious,  insen- 
sible,  unperceiving,  non-percipient,  destitute  of 
sensation  or  p>erception. 

Insensibility,  «•  I.  Torpor,  lethargy,  dulness, 
want  of  sensibilitjr. 

2.  Apathy,  indifference,  insusceptibility. 

3.  Dulness,  stupidity. 

4.  Unconsciousness,  suspension  of  conscious- 
ness, loss  of  sensibility,  suspension  of  feeling. 

Insen^ble,  a  I.  Imperceptible,  imperceivable, 
not  discoverable. 

2.  Insensate,  dull,  stupid,  torpid,  brutish, 
senseless,  without  sensibility. 

3.  Unfeeling,  apathetic,  phlegmatic,  unsus- 
ceptible, unimpressible. 

Insensibly,  ad.     Imperceptibly. 

Insentient,  a.  Inert,  senseless,  non-sentient.  See 
Insensate,  3. 

Inseparability*  «•     Inseparableness. 

Inseparable,  a.  I.  Indivisible,  not  to  be  sep- 
arated. 

2.  Indissoluble,  not  to  be  severed  or  sundered. 

3.  Extremely  intimate,  constantly  together, 
always  in  each  other's  company. 

Inseparableness,  n.     Inseparability. 

Insert,  v.  a.     Set  in,  place  in,  put  in. 

Insessores,  «.  //.  [L.]  (Omit ft.)  Perchers, 
perching  birds. 

Insessorial,  a.     (Ornith.)     Perching. 

Inside,  ft.     Interior,  interior  part,  inner  part. 

Inside,  a.     Interior,  internal,  inner,  intimate. 

Inside,  prep.     Within,  inside  of,  in  the  interior  of 

InsldiOttS,  a.  I.  Artful,  sly,  wily,  guileful,  arch, 
crafty,  cunning,  subtle,  intriguing,  designing, 
deceitful,  treacherous,  crooked,  trickish,  tricky, 
foxy,  snaky,  diplomatic,  Machiavelian. 

2.  Secret,  deceptive,  that  creeps  upon  one 
unawares,  delusively  gradual. 

Insight,  «•  I.  Deep  view,  thorough  knowledge, 
discerning  look,  intelligent  grasp. 

2.  Discernment,  penetration.  penetrating 
vision  or  judgment,  spontaneous  understanding, 
quick  perception. 

Insignia,  n.  pi.  [L.]  Badges  of  office,  marks  of 
distinction. 

Insignificance,  «.  Unimportance,  paltriness, 
triviality,   emptiness,   nothingness. 

Insienificant,  a.  I.  Without  meaning,  not  sig- 
nincant. 

2.  Unimportant,  paltry,  petty,  empty,  trivial, 
trifling,  immaterial,  unessential,  of  little  conse- 
quence, of  little  account,  of  no  moment. 

Insincere,  a.  False,  faithless,  truthless,  untrue, 
disingenuous,  uncandid,  dishonest,  hollow,  hypo- 
critical, Pharisaical,  double-tongued,  double- 
faced,   dissimulating,    dissembling. 

Insincerity,  n.  Duplicity,  hypocrisy,  dissimula- 
tion, deceitfulness,  disingenuousness,  dishonesty, 
falseness,  faithlessness,  bad  faith. 

Insinnate,  v.  a.     I.    Introduce  gently. 

2.  Ingratiate,  push  artfully. 

3.  Instil  {artfully),  infuse,  inculcate. 

4.  Hint,  suggest,  intimate,  hint  or  suggest 
remotely  (something  unfavorable  or  discredit- 
able). 

Insinuation,  n.  I.  Infusion,  instillation,  gentle 
introduction. 

2.  Ingratiating  one's  self,  getting  one's  self 
into  favor. 

_  3.    Disresoectful  or  calumnious   hint,  sugges- 
tion, intimation,  or  innuendo. 
Insipid,    a.      I.    Tasteless,      gustless,     savorless, 
vapid,    mawkish,    stale,   flat. 

2.  Spiritless,  lifeless,  heavy,  stupid,  dull, 
frigid,  tame,  prosaic,  prosy,  uninteresting,  unen- 
tertaining. 


Insipidity,    \n.      I.   Tastelessness,     vapidness. 

Insipidness,  (      mawkishness,  unsavoriuess,  stale- 
ness,  flatness,  lack  of  zest 

2.  Dulness,  lifelessness,  stupidity,  tameness, 
prosiness,  heaviness,  lack  of  interest,  uninterest- 
mg  character. 

Insist  on.     Urge,  press  earnestly,  persist  in  de- 
manding, insist  upon. 

Insistence,    n.      Urging,    urgency,     importunity, 
solicitousness,    persistent  urgency. 

Insist  upon.     See  Insist  on. 

In  situ.   [L.]     I.  (Min.)    In  the  original  position, 
as  originally  deposited  or  formed. 
2.    In  its  proper  place. 

Insnare,  v.  a.     [Written  also  Efisnare.]     I.    En- 
trap, catch. 

2.  Inveigle,  ailure,  seduce. 

3.  Entangle,  embarrass,  perplex,  confound, 
bewilder. 

Insolate,  v.  a.     I.    Expose  to  the  rays  of  the  sun. 

2.    Dry  in  the  sun. 
Insolation,  n.     I.   Exposure  to  the  rays  o{  the  sun. 

2.  Drying  in  the  sun. 

3.  Sun-stroke,  siriasis,  caup-de-soleil. 
Insolence,  «.     I.    Insulting  rudeness,  overbearing 

contempt,  haughty  disrespect,  contumely. 

2.  Impertinence,  impudence,  sauciness,  pert- 
ness,  malapertness. 

3.  Contumacy,  frowardness,  impudent  disre- 
spect, insulting  disobedience  or  insubordination. 

Insolent,  A-     I.   Rude,  abusive,  overbearing,  dom- 
ineering, contemptuous,  insulting,  contumelious. 

2.  Impertinent,  impudent,  saucy,  pert,  mal- 
apert. 

3.  Insultingly  disobedient  or  insubordinate, 
impudently  or  outrageously  disrespectful  (to  si^ 
periors)^  froward,  contumacious. 

Insolubility,  n.     Insolubleness. 

Insoluble,  a.      I.   That    cannot  be  dissolved   or 
melted  or  liquefied,    indissoluble,  in  dissolvable. 
2.    Insolvable,    inexplicable,    that    cannot    be 
solved,  not  to  be  explained. 

Insolubleness,    n.     Insolubility.      See  preceding 
adjective. 

Insolvable,  a.     Inexplicable,  that  cannot  be  solved, 
not  to  be  explained. 

Insolvency,  «.     Bankruptcy. 

Insolvent,  a.     Bankrupt. 

Insomnia,  «.     [L.l  (Med.)    Wakefulness,   sleep- 
lessness, indisposition  to  sleep,  inability  to  sleep. 

Inspect,   V.   a.     I.    Examine,   scrutinize,   investi- 
gate, look  into,  pry  into. 
2.   Suf)erintend,  supervise,  oversee. 

Inspection,  n.     I.    Examination,  scrutiny,  inves- 
tigation. 
2.    Superintendence,  supervision,  oversicht. 

Inspector,  ».  ^   I.    Examiner,  censor,  critic,  visitor. 
2.   Superintendent,  supervisor,  overseer,  boss. 

Inspiration,  n.     I.    inhalation,  breathing  in. 

2.  Afflatusj  supernatural  influence. 

3.  Divine  mfluence  or  aflflatus,  theopneusty. 

4.  Inspired  sUte  or  character,  divine  authority 
or  authorization. 

5.  Elevation,  inspiriting,  elevating  influence. 

6.  Exaltation,  lofty  mood,  enthusiasm,  enthu- 
siastic impulse,  elevating  sentiment. 

7.  Supreme  or  extraordinary  insight,  genius. 
Inspire,  v.  «.     Inhale  air,  draw  in  the  breath. 
Inspire,  v.  a.     I.    inhale,  breathe  in. 

2.  Breathe  into,  fill  with  the  breath. 

3.  Infuse,  instil. 

4.  Animate,  inspirit,  enliven,  cheer. 

5.  Aflfect  by  supernatural  influence,  fill  with 
supernatural  knowledge,  endow  with  superhuman 
insight. 

6.  Endow  with  extraordinary  insight,  fill  or 
endow  with  genius. 


INSPIRIT 


234 


INSULATOR 


7.  Elevate,  exalt,  stimulate  to  aspiration,  fill 
with  enthusiasm. 

8.  Animate,  imbue,  inform,  quicken,  enliven, 
fill. 

Inspirit,  v.  a.  Animate,  invigorate,  enliven,  en- 
courage, enhearten,  hearten,  embolden,  cneer, 
comfort,  stimulate,  incite,  quicken,  rouse,  arouse, 
fire,  give  new  life  to. 

Inspissate,  v.  a.    Thicken,  make  thick. 

Inspissate,  a.     Thick,  inspissated. 

In  Sport.  In  jest,  not  in  earnest,  sportively,  jest- 
ingly. 

Ins^ble,  a.  [Written  preferably  Unsiable.'\  I. 
Unsettled,  insecure,  liable  to  fall,  not  stable,  not 
permanent,  not  firm,  tottering. 

2.  Mutable,  variable,   changeable,    liable    to 
change, 

3.  Inconstant,    fickle,    changeable,    volatile, 
mercurial. 

Install,  V.  a.  Inaugurate,  induct,  introduce  into 
office. 

Installation,  n.  Inauguration,  investiture,  instal- 
ment, ceremony  of  induction. 

Instalment,  «.     [Written   also  Installment.']     I. 
See  Installation. 
2.   Successive  portion,  partial  payment. 

Instance,  «.  I.  Solicitation,  request,  prompting, 
instigation,  incitement,  impulse. 

2.  Urgency,  urgent   solicitation,  importunity, 
persistent  pressure. 

3.  Example,  exemplification,  illustration,  case. 
Instance,   v.  a.     Mention  (as  an   instance),  bring 

forward  as  an  example,  cite,  specify. 
Instant,    a.      I.   Pressing,    urgent,    importunate, 
earnest. 

2.  Immediate,  quick,  instantaneous. 

3.  Current,  present,  now  passing. 
Instant,  «.    I.    Moment,  second,  twinkling,  flash, 

trice,  jiffy,  twinkling  of  an  eye,  smallest  conceiv- 
able point  of  time. 
2.  Time,  particular  time,  hour,  moment. 

Instantaneous,  a.     Immediate,  quick,  instant. 

Instantaneously,  )  ad.     Immediately,    forthwith, 

Instantly,  \      instanter,  in  an  instant,  on 

the  instant,  in  a  moment,  right  away,  without  a 
moment's  delay,  all  at  once,  on  the  moment,  on 
the  spur  of  the  moment,  in  less  than  no  time, 
quick  as  thought,  quick  as  lightning,  before  one 
can  say  "  Jack  Robinson." 

Instanter,  ad.  [L.]  See  Instantaneously, 
Instantly. 

Instar  omnium.  [L.]  Like  all,  a  specimen  of  the 
whole,  an  example  for  all. 

In  statu  q.UO.  [L.]  In  the  same  state  as  before, 
in  the  existing  condition. 

Instauration,^.  Restoration,  renewal,  re-estab- 
lishment, reinstatement,  renovation,  reconstruc- 
tion, redintegration,  reconstitution,  rehabilitation. 

Instead,  ad.     In  lieu,  in  the  room,  in  (the)  place. 

Instigate,  v.  a.  [in  a  bad  sense.}  Incite,  prompt, 
impel,  move,  urge,  provoke,  stimulate,  rouse, 
actuate,  persuade,  influence,  encourage,  set  on, 
prevail  upon,  stir  up,  spur  on. 

Instigation,  «.  Incitement,  urgency,  encourage- 
ment, prompting,  influence,  solicitation,  instance. 

Instil,  V.  a.  [Written  also  Instill.]  I.  Infuse, 
insinuate. 

2.    Inculcate,    impress,   enforce,   implant,   in- 
graft. 

Inistillation,  «.  Infusion,  insinuation,  gentle  in- 
troduction. 

Instinct,  «.  Natural  impulse,  blind  impulse, 
native   tendency,    innate   or   inborn   proclivity. 

Instinct,  a.  Alive,  quick,  animated,  informed, 
alert. 

Instinctive,  a.  I.  Natural,  spontaneous,  invol- 
untary, prompted  by  instinct. 


2.   Impulsive,  unreflecting,  not  deliberate. 

Instinct  Wltll.  Moved  by  las  an  internal  int' 
pulse),  animated  by,  alive  with,  quick  with,  in- 
formed with  or  by,  quickened  by,  alert  with. 

Institute,  v.  a.  I.  EstabUsh,  found,  originate, 
appoint,  settle,  fix,  set  up. 

2.  Enact,  ordain,  establish,  pass. 

3.  Begin,    commence,    set    in   operation,  set 
going,  set  on  foot. 

4.  Invest  with  a  sacred  oflice,  invest  with  the 
care  of  souls. 

Institute,  «.  I.  Doctrine,  dogma,  precept, 
maxim,  principle,  tenet. 

2.  Scientific    body,   literary    or  philosophical 
society. 

3.  School,  academy,  gymnasium,  seminarjr, 
place  of  education,  institution  of  learning,  insti- 
tution- 
Institution,  n.  I.  Establishing,  founding,  founda- 
tion, enactment,  etc.  See  Institute,  v.  a.,  i 
and  2. 

2.  Establishment,  organized  society. 

3.  Investiture. 

4.  Established    custom,     organized    relation, 
organized  or  established  practice. 

5.  Institute,  school,  academy,  seminary,  gym- 
nasium, college,  university,  place  of  education. 

Instruct,  V.  a.  I.  Teach,  inform,  enlighten,  in- 
doctrinate, exercise,  train,  school,  educate. 

2.  Direct,  command,  order,  enjoin,  prescribe 
to. 

Instruction,  «.      I.   Teaching,  information,  edu- 
cation, indoctrination,  training,  schooling,  disci- 
pline, tuition,  nurture,  breeding. 
2»   Advice,  counsel,  precept. 

3.  Direction,  order,  command,  mandate. 
Instructor,  «.     Teacher,  tutor,  preceptor,  master, 

school-master,  educator. 
Instrument,  «.     I.   Tool,  implement,  utensil. 

2.  Medium,  agent,  means. 

3.  Writing,   document,  charter,  deed,  inden- 
ture. 

4.  Musical  instrument. 

Instrumental,   a.       I.    Conducive,     subservient, 
serviceable,    helping,    helpful,    assisting,    auxil- 
iary, ancillary,  subsidiary,  ministerial. 
2.   Of  {musical)  instruments. 

Instrumentality,  «.  Agency,  mediation,  inter- 
vention. 

Insubordinate,  a.  Disobedient,  unruly,  mutinous, 
riotous,  seditious,  disorderly,  turbulent,  ungov- 
ernable, refractory. 

Insu1)ordination,    n.      I.     Disobedience,    revolt, 
insurrection,  mutiny,  riotousness,  sedition. 
2.    Indiscipline,  lax  discipline,  laxity. 

Insuperable,  a.  I.  Intolerable,  insupportable, 
unbearable,  unendurable,  that  cannot  be  borne 
or  endured. 

2.    Outrageous,  disgusting,   detestable,  abom- 
inable, execrable. 

Insufficiency,  n.  Inadequateness,  inadequacy, 
incompetence,  deficiency,  lack,  defectiveness, 
dearth. 

Insufficient,   a.       I.    Inadequate,     incompetent, 
deficient. 
2.   Unsuited,  unfitted,  incapable,  unqualified. 

Insular,  a.  I.  Surrounded  by  water,  with  the 
characteristics  of  an  island. 

2.  Of  islands,  belonging  to  islands,  character- 
istic of  islands. 

3.  Narrow,  contracted,  prejudiced,  petty,  illib- 
eral, limited,  restricted. 

Insulate,  v.  a.  Detach,  isolate,  separate,  discon- 
nect, disunite,  disengage. 

Insulation,  «.  Isolation,  separation,  disconnec- 
tion, disengagement. 

Insulator, ».     {Pkys.)    Non-conductor. 


INSULT 


235 


INTERCHANGEABLE 


Jnsolt,  ft.  Affront,  offence,  indignity,  outrage, 
abuse,  contumely. 

Insult,  V.  a.  Afiront,  offend,  abuse,  treat  with 
insolence,  offer  an  indignity  to,  show  or  display 
insolence  toward,  commit  an  indignity  upon. 

Insultinsf,  a-  Insolent,  abusive,  vituperative, 
grossly  abusive,  contumelious. 

Insuperable,  a.  I.  Insurmountable,  impass- 
able. 

2.   Insurmountable,  too  great  to  be  overcome, 
that  cannot  be  got  over. 

Insupportable,  a.  Intolerable,  unbearable,  unen- 
durable, insufferable. 

Insuppressible,  a.  I.  Uncontrollable,  irrepressi- 
ble, not  to  be  kept  down,  that  cannot  be  held  in 
check. 

2.   Impossible  to  conceal  or  suppress,  that  can- 
not be  covered  up. 

Insurance,  n.     Assurance,  security  against  loss. 

Insure,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Ensure.]  I.  Make 
secure,  make  sure  or  certain. 

2.  Assure,  secure  against  loss,  agree  to  indem- 
nify for  loss. 

Insure,  v.  n.     Underwrite,  furnish  insurance. 

Insurer,  «.     Underwriter. 

Insurgent,  a.  Rebellious,  seditious,  insubordi- 
nate, disobedient,  mutinous. 

Insurgent,  «.     Rebel,  revolter. 

Insurmountable,  a.    See  Insuperable. 

Insurrection,  «.  Rebellion,  revolt,  sedition, 
mutiny,  rising,  uprising. 

Insurrectionary,  a.  Rebellious,  seditious,  muti- 
nous, insubordinate. 

Insusceptible,  a.  I.  Insensible,  unimpressible, 
iususceptive,  not  susceptible. 

2.  Incapable,  incapable  of  receiving,  not  ad- 
mitting, that  does  not  admit. 

Insusceptive,  a.    See  Insusceptible,  i. 

Intact,  a.  I.  Untouched,  uninjured,  unhurt,  un- 
harmed, scathless. 

2.    Undiminished,    unbroken,    whole,     entire, 
without  a  fracture. 

Intangibility,  «.     Intangibleness. 

Intangible,  a.  I.  Impalpable,  that  cannot  be 
touched,  that  cannot  be   felt. 

2.    Impalpable,       imperceptible,       indefinite, 
vague,   dim. 

Intangibleness,  n.  Intangibility.  See  preceding 
adjective. 

Integer,  «.     Whole  number. 

Integral,  a.    Whole,  entire,  total. 

Integral,  «.     {Math.)    Fluent. 

Integrity,  «.  I.  Wholeness,  entireness,  entirety, 
completeness. 

2.    Rectitude,   uprightness,   probity,   honesty, 
virtue,  goodness,  principle,  moral  soundness. 

Integument,  «.     Covering,  envelope,  tegument. 

Intellect,  n.  Understanding,  reason,  mind,  sense, 
brains,  thinking  principle,  reasoning  faculty,  ra- 
tional faculty,  discursive  faculty,  intellectual  pow- 
ers, intellectual  faculties,  cogniiive  faculty,  cogni- 
tive powers,  power  of  cognition. 

Intellection,  n.  I,  Apprehension,  cognition,  cog- 
nizance, knowing. 

2.   Thinking,  comprehending,  comprehension, 
understanding. 

Intellectual,  a.  I.  Mental,  of  the  intellect,  of 
the  understanding,  pertaining  or  relating  to  the 
intellect. 

2.   Of  intellect,  marked  by  intellect,  of  marked 
intellect,  full  of  intellect  or  intelligence. 

Intelligence,  «.  I.  Information,  knowledge,  ac- 
quired knowledge. 

2.  News,  tidings,  advice,  notice,  notification, 
instruction. 

3.  Spirit,  spiritual  being. 

4.  Penetration,    acumen,    quickness,  bright- 


ness,   quick   understanding,    discernment,  clear 
apprehension. 

InteUigent,  a.  I.  Instructed,  enlightened,  well- 
iutormed. 

2.  Astute,  acute,  quick,  alert,  knowing,  clever, 
bright,  apt,  shrewd,  discerning,  clear-sighted, 
kecu-sighied,  quick-sighted,  sharp-sighted,  sharp- 
wilted,  keen-eyed,  long-headed,  clear-headed. 

Intelligibility,  n.  CompreheusibUity,  iuteiligi- 
bleness. 

Intelli^ble,  a.  Clear,  plain,  distinct,  compre- 
hensible, that  may  be  understood. 

Intelligibleness,  n.     bee  Intelligibility. 

Intemperance,  n.  I.  Excess  (<»  any  action  or 
in  any  tndulgettce),  want  of  moderation. 

2.  Habitual  excess  in  drinking  intoxicating 
liquors. 

Intemperate,  a.  I.  [Said  of  things.^  Exces- 
sive, inordinate,  immoderate,  uncontrolled,  ex- 
travagant, extreme. 

2.  iSaid  of  persons.]  Wanting  in  moderation, 
inconsiderate,  extreme,  extravagant. 

3.  Given  to  excess  in  drinking  intoxicating 
liquors. 

Intend,  v.  a.  Mean,  design,  purpose,  meditate, 
contemplate,  propose  to  one's  self,  have  in  view, 
think  of,  aim  at,  drive  at. 

Intendant,  n.  Superintendent,  overseer,  super- 
visor, inspector. 

Intense,  a.  I.  Close,  strict,  intent,  severe, 
strained,  stretched. 

2.  Extreme,  very  great,  of  high  or  great 
degree. 

3.  Forcible,  energetic,  vigorous,  powerful. 

4.  Ardent,  vehement,  earnest. 
Intenseness,  n.     Intensity. 

Intensify,  v.  a.  Strengthen,  deepen,  quicken, 
make  intense,  make  more  intense. 

Intensity,  n.  !•  Intenseness,  closeness,  strict- 
ness, severity. 

2.  Excess,  vehemence,  extremity,  violence, 
high  degree,  extreme  degree. 

3.  Vigor,  strength,  power,  activity,  force, 
energy. 

4.  Ardor,  earnestness,  vehemence. 
Intensive,  a.      I.    Intensifying,  emphatic,  serving 

to  add  force. 
2.   Capable  of  intensification. 

Intent,  a.     I.  Eager,  earnest,  close,  closely  fixed. 
2.   Bent,  resolutely  bent,  set. 

Intent,  «.  Design,  puriJose,  intention,  aim,  end, 
meaning,  drift,  purport,  object,  scope,  mark, 
purview. 

Intention,  «.     Desiprn,  pnmose.     See  Intent. 

Intentional,  a.  Designed,  intended,  premeditated, 
contemplated,  preconcerted,  studied,  deliberate. 

Inter,  v.  a.  Bury  {with  funeral  rites),  inhume, 
entomb,  inum,  commit  to  the  earth. 

Intercalate,  v.  a.     Interpolate,  insert. 

Intercede,  v.  n.     I.   Mediate,  arbitrate,  interpose. 
2.   Plead,  make  intercession. 

Interceder,  n.     Mediator,  intercessor. 

Intercept,  v.  a.     I.    Stop  on  the  way,  seize  on  the 
passage. 
2.    Interrupt,  obstruct,  cut  off. 

Intercession,   «.      I.     Mediation,     interposition, 
intervention. 
2.   Pleading,  supplication,  entreaty,  prayer. 

Intercessor,  «.     Mediator,  interceder. 

Interchange,  v.  a.  Exchange,  change  recipro- 
cally, give  and  take  mutually. 

Interchange,   «.      I.   Exchange,    reciprocity,   re- 
ciprocation. 
2.   Alternation,  alternate  succession. 

InterchangeabiUty,  «.     Interchangeableness. 

Interchangeable,  a.  That  may  be  interchanged, 
mutually  exchangeable. 


INTERCHANGEABLENESS   236 


INTERROGATORY 


Interchangeableness,  «.     InterchangeabiHty. 

Interchangeably,  ad.   Alternately,  by  interchange, 
by  reciprocaiion. 

Intercourse,  «.     Communication,  commerce,  con- 
verse, communion,  connection,  mutual  exchange. 

Interdependence,  n.      Mutual  or  reciprocal    de- 
pendence. 

Interdict^  v.  a.      Forbid,  prohibit,   inhibit,  pro- 
scribe. 

Interdict,  n.     I.   Prohibition,  interdiction. 

2.    {Eccles.)      Ban,    suspension    of   religious 
privileges. 

Interdiction,  «.     I.   Interdicting. 
2.   Prohibition,  interdict. 

Interest,  v.  a.      I.    Concern,  aflFect,  touch,  be  of 
importance  to. 
2.    Engage,  enlist,  attract. 

Interest,  «.    I.   Good,  benefit,  profit,  weal,  advan- 
tage. 

2.  Share,  portion,  part,  participation. 

3.  Concern,  regard,  sympathy,  pleased  atten- 
tion. 

4.  Authority,  influence. 

5.  Selfishness,  self-interest,  private  interest. 

6.  Premium   {/or  the   use  of  money),  profit 
{/roni  tjtoney  loafted) 

Interested,  a.     I.    Partial,  biassed,  prejudiced. 
2.   Selfish,  self-seeking. 

Interesting,  a.      Engaging,   attractive,  pleasing, 
entertainmg. 

Interest  one's  self.     Take  an  interest,  feel  an  in- 
terest, be  engaged,  be  concerned. 

Interfere,  v.  n.      I.    Intermeddle,  meddle,  inter- 
pose, put  in  one's  oar. 

2.   Clash,  conflict,  be  opposed,  come  into  col- 
lision. 

Interference,  «.    I.   Intermeddling,  interposition, 
interposal. 
2.   Clashing,  opposition,  interfering,  collision. 

Interfering,  «.    Clashing,  interference,  opposition, 
collision. 

Interim,  n.      Interval,  intermediate  time,  mean- 
time. 

Interior,  a.     I.    Internal,  inner,  inward. 

2.  Inland,  remote   (from  the  shore    or  the 
frontier). 

3.  Home,    domestic    {opposed  to  foreign  or 
external). 

Interior,  «.     Inside,  inner  part,  interior  part. 

Interjacent,  a.     Intervening,  intermediate,  inter- 
posed. 

Interject,  v.  a.      Insert,  put  between,  throw  in 
between. 

Interjection,  «.     I.  Exclamation. 
2.   Exclamatory  particle. 

Interlace,  v.  a.     Intertwine,  interweave,  inweave, 
intwine,  twine  together. 

Interlard,   v.   a.      Mix,    intersperse,   intertwine, 
diversify,  vary. 

Interline,  v.  a.     I.  Write  between  the  lines  of. 
2.   Write  in  alternate  lines. 

Interlineal,  )  ^    Tr,f»ri;««^ 

Interlinear,  1  '*•    l"terhned. 

Interlink,  I  v.   a.      Interchain,  join    closely    to- 

Interlock,  S     gether. 

Interlocution,  «.     Dialogue,  colloquy,  conference, 
interchange  of  speech. 

Interlocutor,  «.     Speaker  {in  a  dialogue),  respon- 
dent, companion  in  conversation. 

Interlope,  v.  n.     Intrude,  meddle,  intermeddle. 

Interloper,  «.     I.   Intermeddler,  meddler. 
2.    Intruder. 

Intermeddle,  v.  «.     Interfere,  meddle,  take  part 
officiously. 

Intermediate,  a.     Intervening,  interposed,  inter- 
jacent. 

Interment,  n.    Burial,  inhumation,  sepulture. 


Interminable,  a,  I.  Illimitable,  unlimited,  bound- 
less, unbounded,  limitless,  endless,  infinite. 

2.  Wearisomely  protracted,  tediously  long, 
long-drawn,  that  seems  as  if  it  would  never  end. 

Intermingle,  v.  a.  and  v.  n.  Blend,  mingle,  com- 
mingle, intermix,  commix,  mix,  mix  together. 

Intermission,  n.  Remission,  suspension,  sus- 
pense, stoppage,  stop,  interruption,  pause,  rest, 
respite. 

Intermit,  v,  a.  I.  Suspend,  interrupt,  stop  for 
a  while  or  for  a  time. 

2.  Discontinue,  cease,  stop,  leave  off,  give 
over. 

Intermit,  v.  «.  Cease,  abate,  subside,  be  sus- 
pended, be  interrupted,  cease  for  a  time. 

Intermittent,  a.     Intermitting,  remittent. 

Intermittent,  «■  Intermittent  fever,  remittent 
fever,  fever  and  ague. 

Intermix,  v.  a.  and  v.  «.  Blend,  mix,  commix, 
mingle,  commingle,  mix  together. 

Internal,  a.     I,    Interior,  inner,  inward,  inside. 

2.  Spiritual,  incorporeal,  mental,  in  the  mind 
or  heart. 

3.  \Said  of  meaning  or  sense.]  Inner,  inte- 
rior, under,  hidden,  deeper,  higher,  spiritual, 
secret,  metaphorical,  emblematic,  symbolical. 

4.  Intrinsic,  real,  genuine,  true. 

5.  Domestic,  home,  interior  (as  opposed  to 
foreign). 

International,  a.     Between  nations. 

Internecine,  a.  Mortal,  deadly,  exterminating, 
exterminatory,  mutually  destructive,  interneciary, 
internecinal,  internecive. 

Inter  nos.     [L.]     Between  ourselves. 

Interpellate,  y.  a.  Question,  interrogate,  ques- 
tion imperatively. 

Interpellation,  «.  I.  Interruption  {of  one  who  is 
speaking). 

2.  Intercession,  interposition. 

3.  Official  questioning  or  interrogation  {of  a 
minister  by  the  legislative  body). 

Interplay,  n.     Reciprocal  action,  interaction. 
Interpolate,  v.  a.    I.  Insert  (wrongfully),  foist  in. 
2.   {Math.)      Introduce,  intercalate  {terms  to 
complete  a  series). 
Interpose,  v.  a.     I.    Intrude,  thrust  in. 

2.  Put  in,  insert,  set  or  place  between. 

3.  Offer  {or  bring  in  or  to  bear)  by  way  of 
mediation. 

Interpose,  v.  n.     I,   Mediate,  intercede,  arbitrate. 

2.  Remark  {by  way  of  interruption). 

3.  Interfere,  intermeddle. 

4.  Interfere,  go  or  come  to  the  rescue,  bring 
succor. 

InterpOjSition,  «.  Mediation,  intervention,  inter- 
pellation, intercession. 

Interpret,  v.  a.      I.    Explain,  expound,  decipher, 
elucidate,  unfold,  define,  make  out,  make  clear, 
explain  the  meaning  of. 
2.    Construe,  translate,  render. 

Interipretation,  «.  I.  Explanation,  exposition, 
elucidation. 

2.  Rendering,  translation,  version,  construc- 
tion. 

3.  Meaning,  sense,  signification. 
Interpreter,  n.     Expounder,  expositor. 
Interrogate,  v.  a.     Question,  catechise,  examine, 

ask,  inquire  of,  put  questions  to,  interpellate. 

Interrogation,  «•      I.    Interrogating,  questioning, 
catechising,   examining,  examination,  interpella- 
tion. 
2.   Question,  inquiry,  interrogatory,  query. 

Interrogative,  a.     interrogatory. 

Interrogator,  «.     Questioner,  examiner. 

Interrogatory,  «.  Question,  inquiry,  interroga- 
tion, query. 

Interrogatory,  a.    interrogative. 


IN  TERROREM 


237 


INTRENCH  UPON 


In  terrorem.  [L.]  By  way  of  threat,  for  a 
warning. 

InteiTUpti  V.  a  I.  Disturb,  stop,  break,  hinder, 
cause  to  delay,  cause  to  cease,  interfere  with, 
break  in  upon,  hinder  from  proceeding. 

2.  Separate,  divide,  break,  disconnect,  dis- 
unite, disjoin,  sunder,  dissever,  sever,  cut,  dis- 
solve. 

3.  Intermit,  suspend,  discontinue,  break  off, 
leave  off,  cease  for  a  time. 

Interruptioil,  «.  I.  Hmdrance,  stop,  stoppage, 
obstruction,  obstacle,  impediment. 

2.  Intermission,  pause,  suspension,  cessation, 
discontinuance. 

3.  Separation,  division,  breaking,  break,  dis- 
connection, disconnecting,  disuniting,  disunion, 
disjunction,  sundering,  severance,  dissolution. 

Intersect,  v.  a.     Cross,  cut. 

Intersect,  v.  n.    Cross  each  other,  cut  each  other. 

Intersection,  «.    Crossing 

Interspace, «     Interval.    See  Interstice. 

Intersperse,  v.  a.      I.    Scatter  or  set  here  and 

there. 
2.   Interlard,  mix,  diversify  by  mixture. 
Interstice,   «.      Interval,  interspace,   intervening 

space,  space  between. 
Interstitial,  a.     Intervening,  intermediate. 
Intertangle,  v.  a.     Intertwist,  tangle,  entangle. 
Intertexture,  «.     I.   Interweaving,  intertwining. 

2.  Interwoven  condition,  intertwined  state. 

3.  Interwoven  mass. 

Intertwine,  v.  a.  Interweave,  interlace,  intwdne, 
inweave,  twine  together. 

Intertwine,  v.  n.  Interlace,  be  intertwined,  be 
interlaced,  be  twined  together,  be  mutually  woven 
together. 

Intertwist,  v.  a.  Twist  or  twine  together.  See 
Intertwine. 

Interval,  «.  I.  Interstice,  space  between,  inter- 
mediate space. 

2.  Season,  spell,  period,  term,  space  of  time, 
intermediate  time,  intervening  time  or  period. 

Intervene,  v.  «.     I.   Interfere,  come  between. 

2.  Happen  (in  the  mean  time),  occur,  befall 

3.  Be  intermediate  or  interjacent,  come  be- 
tween. 

Intervening,  a.    I.   Intermediate,  interjacent. 
2.    Interstitial. 

Intervention,  n      I.   Interposition,  interference. 
2.   Mediation,  agency 

Interview, «.    I.  Meeting. 
2.   Conference,  parley. 

Interweave,  v.  a.      I.    Intertwine,  interlace,  in- 
weave, weave  together. 
2.   Mix,  mingle,  intermix,  intermingle- 

Intestate,  a.     Without  a  will. 

Intestinal,  <i.     Of  the  intestines. 

Intestine,  a.     Internal,  interior,  domestic. 

Intestines,  n.  pi.  Entrails,  bowels,  viscera,  in- 
wards, insides,  guts. 

In  the  family  way.  Pregnant,  enceinte,  with 
child,  on  the  increase. 

In  the  good  graces  of.    In  favor  with,  favored  by 

In  the  long  ran.  Finally,  in  the  end,  as  a  final 
result. 

In  the  name  of.  I.  By  authority  of,  on  behalf 
of,  in  the  stead  of. 

2.  For  the  sake  of,  as,  quA,  as  such,  out  of 
regard  for  the  idea  of,  in  view  of  the  nature  of. 

In  the  rough.     In  a  rude  condition. 

In  the  straw.  Confined,  lying  in,  in  child-bed, 
brought  to  bed,  in  or  during  parturition. 

In  the  teeth  of.  In  spite  of,  in  direct  opposition 
to,  despite. 

In  the  wind.  In  preparation,  going  to  be,  going 
to  happen. 

In  the  wrong.     I.   Mistaken,  in  error,  wrong. 


2.   Wrong,  unjust,  unjustifiable,  to  blame. 

Inthrall,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Inthral,  Enthral, 
and  Enthrall^  Enslave,  reduce  to  servitude, 
put  under  restraint. 

Inthralment,  «.  [Written  also  Enthralment.\ 
Enslavement,  servitude,  slavery,  bondage,  vas- 
salage, serfdom,  thraldom,  captivity. 

Intimacy,  ».     I.    Familiarity,   fellowship,  friend- 
ship, close  acquaintance. 
2.   Intimate  character,  nearness,  closeness. 

Intimate,  a.     I.   Near,  close. 

2.  Familiar,    friendly,  hand  and  glove,   hail 
fellow  well  met. 

3.  Familiar,    close,    bosom,   very  dear,  con- 
fidential. 

4.  Inward,  internal,  interior,  from  within. 
Intimate,   ».      Confidant,   crony,   familiar  friend, 

intimate  acquaintance,  bosom  friend. 
Intimate,  v.  a.     Suggest,  hint,  insinuate,  allude 

to,  make  allusion  to,  give  an  inkling  of,  glance 

at,  remind  of,  put  in  mind  of. 
Intimately,  ad.     I.   Closely,  nearly. 

2.  Familiarly,  closely,  confidentially. 

3.  Thoroughly,       familiarly,      through      and 
through,   to  the  core,   to  the  bottom. 

Intimauqn,  «  Hint,  suggestion,  allusion,  insin- 
uation, innuendo. 

Intimidate,  v.  a.  Frighten,  affright^  alarm,  scare, 
daunt,  dismay,  terrify,  appall,  put  in  fear,  fright 
(Poetical). 

Inumidation,  n.     I.    Intimidating. 

2.    Fear,  terror,  terrorism,  reign  of  terror. 

Intolerable,  a.  Insufferable,  insupportable,  un- 
bearable, unendurable,  not  to  be  tolerated  or 
borne. 

Intolerance,   «.     I.    Bigotry,    narrowness,      pro- 
scriptive  or  persecuting  spirit,  want  of  toleration, 
want  of  forbearance. 
2     Non-endurance,  inability  to  bear,  rejection. 

Intolerant,  a.     I.   Overbearing,  supercilious,  dic- 
tatorial, imperious. 
2.   Narrow,  bigoted,  proscriptive. 

Intonation,  n.  Tone,  cadence,  modulation  of 
voice. 

IntotO.    [L.]     Entirely,  wholly. 

Intoxicate,  v.  a.  Inebriate,  fuddle,  muddle,  make 
drunk,  make  tipsy. 

Intoxicated,  a.  Inebriated,  drunk,  tipsy,  drunken, 
fuddledj  muddled,  disguised,  maudlin,  mellow,  in 
liquor,  m  one's  cups,  half-seas-over,  three  sheets 
in  the  wind. 

Intoxication,  n.  I.  Inebriation,  ebriety,  in> 
ebriety,   drunkenness. 

2.    Infatuation,    great    excitement,  great    ex- 
hilaration. 

Intractability,  n.  Stubbornness,  obstinacy,  per- 
verseness,  intractableness.  See  following  adjec- 
tive. 

Intractable,  a.  Stubborn,  obstinate,  perverse, 
refractory,  dogged,  headstrong,  unmanageable, 
ungovernable,  indocile,  obdurate,  cross-grained, 
wilful,  inflexible,  unyielding,  contumacious,  can- 
tankerous, froward,  unruly,  pig-headed,  mulish. 

Intractableness,  «.     Intractability. 

In  transittl.  [L]  While  passing  (<zj  merchan- 
dise from  one  place  to  another),  during  convey- 
ance. 

Intrench,  v.  a.     I.   Furrow,  make  furrows  in. 
2.    Fortify  with  intrenchments. 

Intrenchment,  n.     I.    Intrenching. 

2.  Fortification    (]by  trenches    and  parapet), 
earthwork. 

3.  Defence,  protection,  shelter. 

4.  Encroachment,  inroad,  invasion  {of  rights). 
Intrench   on.     Invade,   trespass    upon,   encroach 

upon,  trench  upon,  intrench  upon. 
Intrench  upon.    See  Intrench  on. 


INTREPID 


288 


INVENTIVE 


Intrepid*  a.  Bold,  fearless,  dauntless,  undaunted, 
undismayed,  unterrified,  unappalled,  unawed, 
brave,  courageous,  valorous,  valiant,  heroic,  gal- 
lant, daring,  doughty. 

Intrepidity,  n.  Boldness,  fearlessness,  dauntless- 
ness,  bravery,  courage,  valor,  prowess,  gallantry, 
spirit,  heroism,  daring,  contempt  of  danger. 

Intricacy,  «.  Perplexity,  complexity,  complica- 
tion, entanglement,  involution,  obscurity,  diffi- 
culty, intncateness. 

Intricate,  a.  Entangled,  complicated,  involved, 
perplexed,  obscure,  mazy,  difficult. 

Intricateness,  n.    See  Intricacy. 

Intrigue,  n.  I.  Plot,  conspiracy,  cabal,  mach- 
ination, stratagem,  manoeuvre,  wile,  finesse,  ruse. 

2.  Amour,  love  affair,  liaison,  illicit  intimacy. 

3.  Gallantry,  libertinism. 
Intrigue,  v.  «.     I.   Manoeuvre,  form  plots. 

2.   Carry  on  an  amour  or  amours. 
Intriguing,  a.     Cunning,  crafty,  artful,  sly,  wily, 

subtle,     insidious,    designing,     arch,     deceitful, 

trickish,    tricky,    crooked,     diplomatic,     politic, 

foxy,   snaky,   Machiavelian. 
Intrinsic,      I  a.     I.    Inherent,    internal,    inward, 
Intrinsical,  J      inborn,    inbred,    native,    natural, 

ingrained,  not  extrinsic. 
2.   Real,  genuine,  true,  essential. 
Intrinsically,   ad.      I.    Naturally,  inherently,  in 

the  nature  of  things,  in  the  nature  of  the  case,  in 

the  grain. 
2.   Really,  truly,  essentially. 
Introduce,  v.  a.     I.   Conduct,  lead  in,  bring  in, 

usher  in. 

2.  Present,  make  acquainted. 

3.  Bring  into  notice,  bring  before  the  public, 
bring  into  use. 

4.  Begin,  commence,  be  the  first  to  take  up. 
Introduction,  «.^   I.    Introducing,  ushering  in. 

2.  Presentation. 

3.  Preface,   prelude,  proem,    exordium,    pre- 
liminary part. 

4.  Introductory  treatise,    elementary  or  rudi- 
mentary guide. 

Introductory,  a.  Prefatory,  preliminary,  pre- 
cursory, proemial. 

Introspection,  n.  Looking  within,  self-contem- 
plation. 

Intrude,    v.    n.      I.   Obtrude,   force    one's    self, 
thrust  one's  self,  enter  where  one  is  not  welcome, 
interlope. 
2.   Encroach,  trench,  infringe,  trespass. 

Intrude,  ?'.  a.  Obtrude,  force  in,  thrust  in,  press 
in,  foist  in,  worm  in. 

Intruder,  «.     Interloper,  intermeddler,  meddler. 

Intrusion,  «.     I.    Intruding,  obtrusion. 
2.   Encroachment,  infringement. 

Intrusive,  a.    Obtrusive,  trespassing. 

Intrust,  V.  a.  Confide,  commit,  consign,  give  in 
trust,  deliver  in  trust. 

Intrust  with.  Confide  to  (the  care  of),  commit  to 
(the  safe-keeping  oO,  place  in  one's  trust. 

Intuition,  «.  I.  Immediate  perception  {by  the 
intellect),  immediate  knowledge,  instinctive 
knowledge,  direct  cognition,  apprehension  at 
first  sight. 

2.   Immediate   perception  {by  sense),   percep- 
tion, beholding. 

IntuitiYe,  a.     I.   Apprehended  immediately,  pei^ 
ceived  at  once  {-without  reasoning). 
2.   Immediate,  full,  clear,  distinct. 

Intuitively,  ad.     By  intuition. 

Intumesce,  v.  n.  Swell,  expand,  dilate,  become 
tumid. 

Intumescence,  «.  Swelling,  tumefaction,  tur- 
gescence,   inturgescence. 

Intwine,  v.  a.  inweave,  interweave,  intertwine, 
interlace,  twine  together. 


Inundate,   v.    a.    I.   Flood,    deluge,    submerge, 

overflow,  overwhelm,  drown. 
2.    Fill  to  superfluity,  flood,  deluge,  glut. 
Inundation,  n.     I.    Inundating,     See  the  verb. 

2.    Flood,  deluge,  overflow,  cataclysm. 
Inurbane,  a.     Unpolished,  uncourtly,  uncourteous, 

uncomplaisant,  uncouth. 
Inurbanity,  «      Uncourtliness,  uncourteousness, 

lack  of  polish,  want  of  complaisance. 
Inure,  v.  a.     Habituate,  accustom,  use,  familiarize, 

train,  harden. 
Inure,  v  n.     Be  applied,  come  into  use,  take  effect. 
Inum,  V.  a.     Bury,  inter,  entomb,  inhume,  lay  in 

the  grave,  consign  to  the  grave,  consign  to  earth. 
Inutility,  n.     Uselessness,  unprofitableness. 
In  vacuo.   [L.]     In  a  vacuum. 
Invade,  v.  a.     I.   March  into,  enter  in  force,  enter 

with  an  army. 
2.    Infringe,   violate,   encroach    upon,  trench 

upon. 
Invalid  {in-vaVtd),  a.     I.  Weak,  of  no  weight,  of 

no  force. 

2.  {Law.)    Void,  null,  of  no  legal  force,  null 
and  void. 

3.  Unsound,  unfounded,  baseless,  untrue,  fal- 
lacious, that  does  not  hold  (good). 

Invalid  {in^val-id),  a.  Weak,  feeble,  infirm,  sick, 
sickly,  weakly,  frail,  valetudinary. 

Invalid  Hn^val-id),  n  Valetudinarian,  feeble  per- 
son, infirm  person,  sick  person. 

Invalidate,  v.  a.  Nullify,  annul,  cancel,  over- 
throw, make  void,  render  of  no  effect 

Invalidism,  «.  Feebleness,  infirmity,  illness, 
sickness,   valetudinarianism. 

Invalidity,  «.  Unsoundness,  lack  of  validity, 
nullity,  baselessness,  fallaciousness,  fallacy, 
falsity. 

Invaluable,  a.  Inestimable,  priceless,  very  pre- 
cious, above  all  value,  above  all  price.  See  In- 
estimable. 

Invariability, «.    See  Invariableness. 

Invariable,  a.  I.  Unchangeable,  immutable,  un- 
alterable, changeless. 

2.   Constant,  unchanging,  uniform,  changeless, 
unvarying. 

Invariableness,  «.  I.  Unchangeableness,  im- 
mutability, invariability,  changelessness. 

2.   Constancy,  uniformity,  changelessness,  un- 
varying character. 

Invasion,  «.  I.  Attack,  assault,  aggression,  in- 
cursion, irruption,  inroad,  foray,  raid. 

2.  Encroachment,  infringement,  violation. 

3.  Invading.     See  the  verb. 

Invective,  «.  I.  Abuse,  contumely,  reproach, 
censure,  railing,  vituperation,  sarcastic  attack, 
rhetorical  assault. 

2.   Satire,  sarcasm,  pasquinade,  philippic,  dia- 
tribe, fling. 

Invective,  a.   I.  Abusive,  reproachful,  censorious, 
captious,  railing,  scolding. 
2.    Satirical,  sarcastic,  assailing. 

Inveigh  against.  Censure,  reproach,  condemn, 
blame,  denounce,  declaim  against,  rail  at,  ex- 
claim against,  vituperate. 

Inveigle,  v.  a.  Entice,  decoy,  beguile,  entrap, 
ensnare,  lure. 

Invent,  v.  a.  I.  Contrive  {what  did  not  before 
exist),  devise,  be  the  first  to  contrive  or  devise. 

2.  Originate,    create,  frame,  imagine,  excogi- 
tate, conceive,  concoct. 

3.  Fabricate,  forge,  coin. 

Invention,  «      I.    Inventing,  origination,  creation. 

2.  Contrivance,  device,  design. 

3.  Ingenuity,  power  of  inventing. 

4.  Fabrication,  forgery,  fiction,  coinage. 
Inventive,  a.     Ingenious,  creative,  quick  at  con- 
trivance, fertile  in  expedients. 


INVENTOR 


239 


IRIS 


Inventor,  «.  Contriver,  originator,  creator,  fother, 
author. 

Inventory,  «.  List  (as  of  the  goods  of  a  mer- 
chani  ox  of  a  deceased  p^rsoi^,  roll,  schedule, 
record,  account,  register.     See  Catalogue. 

Inverse,  a.  Inverted  (oj  respects  order  or  rela- 
tion), reversed,  indirect. 

Inversion,  «.  I.  Inverting,  reversing,  placing  in 
contrary  order. 

2.  Inverting,  upsetting,  turning  upside 
down. 

3.  Reciprocal  change  of  place,  reversed  posi- 
tion. 

4.  (RAet.)  Hyperbaton,  transposition  of 
words. 

Invert,  v.  a.     I.   Turn  upside  down. 

2.    Reverse,  place  in  contrary  order. 
Invertebral,    \a.      (Zodl)      Without     vertebrae, 
Invertebrate,  j      destitute  of  a  backbone. 
Invest,  V  a.     I.   Clothe,  dress,  array. 

2.  Endow  (as  with  authority  or  ferwer), 
endue. 

3.  Put  at  interest  (as  money). 

4.  (Mil.)  Enclosci  surround,  beset,  besiege, 
lay  siege  to. 

Investigable,  a.  ITiat  may  be  investigated,  capa- 
ble of  investigation,  that  admits  of  investigation. 

Investigate,  v.  a.  Examine,  scrutinize,  canvass, 
study,  sift,  consider,  overhaul,  explore,  probe, 
dissect,  look  into,  search  out,  search  into,  inquire 
into,  follow  up. 

Investigation,  n.  Examination,  study,  scrutiny, 
inquiry,  research,  exploration,  inquisition,  sifting. 

Inv^tigator,  «.  Inquirer,  searcher,  student,  con- 
ductor of  researches. 

Investiture,  n.  Installation,  induction,  habilita- 
tion. 

Investment,  n.     I.    Investing.     See  Invest. 

2.  Vestment,  dress,  robe,  garments,  habili- 
ments, clothes. 

3.  Money  invested. 

4.  I  Mil.)     Siege. 

Inveteracy,  n.     Inveterateness,  obstinacy,  chronic 

state. 
Inveterate,  a.     I.   Obstinate,   besetting,   chronic, 

deep-seated,  long  established. 

2.    Habituated,     habitual,    accustomed,    con- 
firmed, hardened. 
Invidious,  a.    Offensive,  hateful,  odious,  likely  to 

excite  ill-will. 
Invigorate,  v.   a.      Strengthen,   fortify,  animate, 

quicken,  energize,  give  vigor  to,   give  life  and 

energy  to. 
Invincibility,  n.     Unconquerableness,  invincible- 

ness. 
Invincible,   a.      I.   Unconquerable,    indomitable, 

unsubduable,  incapable  of  subjugation. 

2.  Unconquerable,  insuperable,  irrepressible, 
ineradicable,  incapable  of  eradication  or  sup- 
pression. 

3.  Insuperable,  insurmountable,  too  great  to 
be  overcome. 

InvlnCiblenesS,  ».     Invincibility. 
Inviolability,  «.     Invlolableness. 
Inviolable,  a.     Sacred,  inviolate,  stainless,  holy. 
Invlolableness,  n.     inviolability. 
Inviolate,  a.     I.  Unbroken,  unviolated. 

2.  Unhurt,  uninjured,  unprofaned,  unpolluted, 
unstained,  stainless. 

3.  Sacred,  inviolable. 
Invisibility,  «.     Invisibleness. 

Invisible,  a.     Imperceptible,  unseen,  that  cannot 

be  seen,  incapable  of  being  seen. 
Invisibleness,  «.     Invisibility. 
Invita  Minerva.     [L.,  With  Minerva  unwillincr.] 

Without  inspiration,  without  the  touch  of  genius, 

mechanically,  by  effort,  prosaically. 


Invitation,  n.  Solicitation,  bidding,  call,  sum- 
mons. 

Invite,  V.  a.  I.  Solicit,  bid,  summon,  call,  ask, 
request. 

2.  Allure,  attract,  entice,  lead,  draw  on,  pre- 
vail upon. 

Inviting,  a.  I.  Alluring,  attractive,  winning,  en. 
gaging,  captivating,  pleasing,  fascinating,  be- 
witching. 

2.   Prepossessing,  promising. 

Invocation,  »•  I.  Supplication,  prayer,  petition, 
orison.  * 

2.    Invoking.     See  Invoke. 

In  vogue.  Fashionable,  modish,  in  fashion,  hav- 
ing a  run,  the  rage. 

Invoice,  «.  List  (o/  articles  of  merchandise 
shipped  or  sold).,  inventory,  bill,  schedule. 

Invoke,  v.  a.  implore,  supplicate,  pray,  entre.it, 
beg,  beseech,  importune,  solicit,  conjure,  adjure, 
call  upon,  pray  to,  appeal  to,  prefer  a  request  to. 

Involuntary,  a.  I.  instinctive,  automatic,  biiiid, 
independent  of  volition. 

2.   Unwilling,   reluctant,   compulsory,    against 
one's  will. 

Involution,  n.  I.  Complication,  intricacy,  en- 
tanglement. 

2.  Inwrapping,  infolding,  infolded  state. 

3.  (Math.)     Raising  to  a  power. 

4.  (Med.)    Resorption. 

Involve,  V.  a.     I.    Envelop,  inwrap,  wrap,  cover. 

2.  Include   (as  a   consequence),    imply,  com- 
prise, embrace,  contain,  lead  to. 

3.  Entangle,  implicate- 

4.  Complicate,  make  intricate. 

5.  Join,  conjoin,  connect,  unite,  mingle,  blend. 

6.  Twine,  intwine,  intertwine,  interweave,  in- 
terlace, inweave,  intertwist,  twist  together. 

Invulnerability,  «.     Invulnerableness. 

Invulnerable,  <z.  I.  Incapable  of  being  wounded, 
secure  from  injury,  that  cannot  be  wounded. 

2.    Unassailable,    irrefragable,    invincible,   in- 
controvertible. 

Invulnerableness,  n.     Invulnerability. 

Inward,  a.     Interior,  internal,  inner. 

Inward,    I  ad.     Within,  inwardly,  toward  the  in- 

Inwards, )     side. 

Inwards,  «.  //.  Entrails,  bowels,  viscera,  intes- 
tines, insides,  guts. 

Inweave,  v.  a.  Intwine,  interweave,  intertwine, 
interlace,  weave  together. 

Inwrap,  v  a.  Infold,  involve,  cover,  envelop, 
wrap,  wrap  up. 

Ionic,  a.     Ionian. 

Iota,  n.  Jot,  whit,  tittle,  bit,  grain,  particle,  atom, 
scrap,  mite,  scintilla,  spark,  glimmer,  shadow, 
trace. 

Suanlia,}«      Brazil-root. 

Ipse  dixit.     [L.]     Mere  assertion. 

IrascibilitV,  »  Irritability,  irascibleness.  See  fol- 
lowing adjective. 

Irascible,  a.  Irritable,  touchy,  testy,  waspish, 
quick,  snappish,  splenetic,  petulant,  choleric, 
peppery,   hot,  hasty,  like  tinder,  like  touchwood. 

Irascibleness,  n.     Irascibility. 

Irate,  a.  Angry,  provoked,  piqued,  irritated,  ire- 
ful, in  a  passion. 

Ire,  n.  (Poetical.)  Wrath,  anger,  rage,  fun,', 
choler,  indignation,  resentment,  passion,  exas- 
peration. 

Irefnl,  a.  Angry,  raging,  furious,  passionate, 
ir.ite,  incensed. 

Iridescence,  «.  Play  of  colors  (liX:e  those  of  the 
rainbmv). 

Iridescent,  a.  Rainbow-like,  irisated,  nacreous, 
pavonine. 

Iris,  n.    I.   Rainbow. 


IRISATED 


240 


ISCHIAGRA 


2.  {Bot.)    Flower-de-luce,  fleur-de-lis. 
Irisated,  a.     See  Iridescknt. 
Irisll,  a.     Of  Ireland. 
Irisht  n.     I.    Irish  language. 

2.    Natives  of  Ireland. 
IlislliSin,   n.      Uibernicism,   Hibernianism,   Irish 

idiom. 
Irishry,  n.     Irish,  people  of  Ireland,  Irish  people. 
Irksome,  a.     Wearisome  (/»  consequence  of  be ing^ 

distaUefut),  tiresome,  wearying,  weary,  devoid  of 

interest.     See  Tedious. 
Ironical,   a-     Mocking,  full  of  irony,  expressing 

irony. 
Iron-pyrites,  «.     {,Min. )     Bisulphuret  of  iron. 
Irons,  «•  pi.     Fetters,  shackles,  manacles,  chains, 

hampers,  gyves. 
Irony,  «.     Mockery  {saying  one  thing  and  mean- 
ing the  opposite). 
Irradiate,    v.    a.      Illuminate,    illumine,    illume, 

brighten,   light   up,    make    bright,   shine    upon, 

throw  light  upon,  cast  lustre  upon,  adorn  with 

light. 
Irradiate,  v.  «.     Emit  rays,  be  radiant,  give  out 

light,  be  luminous  or  lustrous. 
Irrational,  a,     I.    Brutish,  brute,  void  of  reason, 

without  reason. 

2.  Absurd,  unreasonable,  preposterous,  foolish, 
silly,  unwise,  injudicious,  extravagant. 

3.  Demented,  alienated  (z«  mind),  crazy, 
lunatic,  aberrant. 

4.  {Math.)     Surd. 

Irrationality,  ».    I.   Brutishness,  want  of  reason. 
2.   Absurdity,  folly,  foolishness,  unreasonable- 
ness. 

IrreclaimaWe,  a.  I.  Irrecoverable,  hopeless, 
irreparable,  past  cure,  past  hope,  remediless, 
irretrievable,  irreversible,  incurable,  past  mend- 
ing. 

2.  Obdurate,  hardened,  impenitent,  incorrigi- 
ble, lost,  abandoned,  profligate,  graceless,  shame- 
less, recreant,  unrepentant,  reprobate 

Irreconcilable,  fl.     I.    Unappeasable,  inexorable, 
implacable,  inexpiable. 
2.    Inconsistent,  incompatible,  incongruous. 

Irrecoverable,  a.  I.  irretrievable,  lost  forever, 
never  to  be  regained. 

2.  Irreparable,  remediless,  irremediable,  not 
to  be  repaired,  that  cannot  be  restored,  not  to  be 
remedied. 

3.  Incurable,  immedicable,  remediless,  irre- 
medicable,  hopeless,  past  cure,  past  hope,  past 
mending. 

Irrefragable,  a.  Indisputable,  incontestable,  irre- 
futable, incontrovertible,  invincible,  unassailable, 
inexpugnable,  impregnable,  irresistible,  unan- 
swerable, undeniable. 

Irrefutable,  a.  Indisputable,  unanswerable.  See 
Irrefragable. 

Irregular,  a.  I.  Anomalous,  abnormal,  anoma- 
listic, unusual,  unconformable,  aberrant,  excep- 
tional, eccentric,  erratic,  devious. 

2.  Uncertain,  unpunctual,  capricious,  desul- 
tory, fitful,  variable,  changeable. 

3.  Immethodical,  disordered,  disorderly. 

4.  Unsymmetrical,  uneven. 

5.  Disorderly,  dissolute,  loose,  immoral,  wild. 
Irregularity,      «.     I.      Aberration,      abnormity, 

anomaly,  anomalousness,   singularity. 

2.  Uncertainty,  capriciousness,  variableness, 
changeableness. 

3.  Want  of  method,  lack  of  order. 

4.  Lack  of  symmetry. 

_S.   Immorality,  laxity,  looseness,  disorderliness, 

dissoluteness,  wildness. 
Irrelevancy,     «.      Inapplicability,     impertinency, 

non-pertinency. 
Irrelevant,    «.     Inapplicable,   impertinent,  aside 


from  the  point,  foreign  to  the  purpose,  not  bear- 
ing upon  the  point  in  question,  having  nothing  to 
do  with  the  matter,  travelling  out  of  the  record. 
Irreligion,  «.     impiety,  ungodliness. 
Irreligious,  a.     I.    Ungodly,  undevout. 

2.   Profane,  impious,  wicked. 
Irremediable,    a.     I.    Irreparable,    irrecoverable, 
remediless,   beyond  correction,   beyond  redress, 
past  mending. 

2.    Incurable,   remediless,    immedicable,    irre- 
medicable,  hopeless,  irrecoverable,  beyond  cure. 
Irremissible,  a.     Unpardonable,  inexpiable,  una- 
tonable, not  to  be  forgiven. 
Irreparability,  «.     Irreparableness. 
Irreparable,  a.    Irremediable,  remediless,  irrecov- 
erable, irretrievable,  not  to  be  repaired. 
Irreprebensible,  a.     Irreproachable,  irreprovable, 
unblamable,  blameless,  faultless,  inculpable,  in- 
nocent, undeserving  of  blame  or  censure. 
Irrepressible,  a.     Uncontrollable,  insuppressible, 

not  to  be  repressed. 
Irreproachable,  a.    See  Irreprehensiblb. 
Irresistible,   a.      I.    Overpowering,   incapable  of 
being  successfully  resisted,  that  carries  all  before 
it. 
2.   Irrefragable  {which  see). 
Irresolute,  a.     Undetermined,  undecided,  waver- 
ing, vacillating,  unsettled,  unsteady,  hesitating, 
hesitant^  faltering,  infirm  of  purpose. 
Irrespective  of.    Regardless  of,  without  regard  to. 
Irresponsible,  a.     Unaccountable. 
Irretrievable,  a.     I.   Irrecoverable,  lost  forever, 
never  to  be  regained. 

2.     Irreparable,       irremediable,       remediless, 
beyond  reparation,  beyond  repair. 
Irreverence,   n.      I.    Impiety,   profaneness,   pro- 
fanity, blasphemy,  want  of  reverence. 

2.   Disrespect,     disesteem,     slight,     want    of 
respect. 
Irreverent,    a.     I.    Impious,    profane,    blasphe- 
mous. 
2.   Disrespectful,  slighting. 
Irreversible,  a.     I.   Unchangeable,   unalterable, 
irrevocable,  irrepealable. 
2.   Immutable,  invariable,  changeless. 
Irrevocable,  a.     I.   Unchangeable.     See    Irre- 
versible, I. 
2.   Incapable  of  recall  <7r  revocation. 
Irrigate,  v.  a.     Water,  moisten,  wet. 

Irrigation, «.    Watering 

Irritability,  n.  I.  Irascibility,  fretfulness,  testi- 
ness,  peevishness,  petulance,  excitability,  snap- 
pishness. 

2.  Susceptibility  {to  the  influence  of  a  stimu- 
lus). 

3.  Excitability,  high  susceptibility. 
Irritable,  a.     I,    irascible,  fretful,  testy,   touchy, 

peevish,  pettish,  waspish,  snappish,  choleric, 
splenetic,  captious,  petulant,  excitable,  hot,  hasty, 
peppery,  passionate,  fiery. 

2.  Susceptible  {to  the  influence  of  a  stimulus). 

3,  Excitable,  highly  susceptible. 

Irritate,  v.  a.  I.  Provoke,  nettle,  chafe,  incense, 
exasperate,  enrage,  anger,  fret,  offend,  vex,  annoy, 
tease,  gall. 

2.   {Med.)  Inflame  {by  friction),  excite,  stimu- 
late. 
Irritation,  «.     I.    Irritating. 

2.  Exasperation,  provocation,  wrath,  ire,  anger, 
passion,  excitement,  indignation,  resentment. 
_  3.   {Med.)    Inflammation  {byfriction\  excita- 
tion, stimulation. 
Irruption,  n.     I.   Bursting  in,  breaking  in. 

2.   Incursion,  inroad,  foray,  raid,  partial  inva- 
sion. 
Ischiadic,  a.     Ischiatic,  of  the  hip. 
Ischiagra,  n.    {Med.)    Sciatica,  gout  of  the  hip. 


ISCHIATIC 


241 


JAG 


ISChlatic,  a.     Ischiadic,  of  the  hip. 

Isinglass,  n.  Fish-glue,  ichthyocol,  ichthyocolla, 
carlock. 

Islam,  n.     I.    Islamism,  Mahometanism. 

2.  The  Mahometans,  the  Moslems,  the 
Mussel  mans. 

Islamism,  n.  Mahometanism,  Mahometan  re- 
ligion. 

Island,  n.     Isle. 

Isle,  n.     {Poetical.)     Island. 

Islet,  n.     Little  island. 

Isochronal,  a.  Isochronous,  uniform  in  time,  per- 
formed in  equal  times,  of  equal  time,  of  equal 
duration  {as  the  vibrations  q/ a  pendulum). 

Isolate,  V.  a.  Separate,  dissociate,  detach,  insulate, 
segregate,  place  by  itself,  set  apart. 

Isolated,  a.     Detached,  separate,  solitary,  single. 

Isolation,  »*     I.   Separation,  disconnection,  msu- 
lation,  segregation,  detachment. 
2.    Loneliness,  solitariness,  solitude. 

Isomorphism,  n.     Similarity  of  crystalline  form. 

Isomorphous,  a.     Of  similar  crystalline  form. 

Isoperimetrlcal,  a.      Of   equal    perimeterj,   the 

same  in  circumference- 
Israelite,  n.    Jew,  Hebrew. 

£feli&,}-    Jewish,  Hebrew. 
Issne,  n.    I.   Egress,  exit,  outlet,  way  out,  passage 
out. 

2.  Delivering,  delivery,  sending  out. 

3.  Amount  issued,  number  printed,  impres- 
sion, edition. 

4.  Edition,  copy,  number. 

5.  Event,  consequence,  end,  termination,  con- 
clusion, consummation,  result,  effect,  outcome, 
upshot,  dhtouement,  finale,  final  or  ultimate 
result,  final  event,  finishing  stroke,  winding  up. 

6.  Offspring,  progeny,  children,  posterity,  lineal 
descendants. 

7.  {Meti.)    Fontanel,  artificial  ulcer. 

8.  {Law  )    Point  in  dispute. 

9.  Antagonism,  contest,  controversy,  contro- 
versial <7r  antagonistic  stand. 

JsaWt  V.  a.    I.   Deliver,  send  out,  put  forth. 


2.  Distribute,  give  out. 

3.  Put  into  circulation. 

Issue,  V.  n.      I,    Flow,  flow  out  or  forth,  spring, 
gush,  come  out,  rush  out. 

2.  Proceed,  flow,  emanate,  arise,  sprmg,  orig- 
inate, follow,  ensue,  come,  take  rise,  be  the  eft'ect, 
be  derived,  go  forth,  grow  out. 

3.  End,  terminate,  result. 
Italian,  a.    Of  Italy. 
Italian,  «.     I.   Native  of  Italy. 

2.   Language  of  Italy,  Italian  language,  bastard 

Latin. 
Italicism,  n.     Italian  idiom,  Italianism. 
Italicize,  v.  a.    Print  in  Italics,  distinguished  by 

Italics. 
Italics,  n.  pi.     Italic  letters. 
Itch,  n.     I.    Itching. 

2.  (Med.)    Psora. 

3.  Teasing  desire,  uneasy  hankering,  importa- 
nate  craving,  burning. 

Itch,  V.  n.     I.  Tingle,  feel  itchy,  have  an  itching 
sensation. 

2.  Feel  an  itching,  have  an  itching  sensa- 
tion. 

Itching,  n.    I.  Itch. 

2.  Craving,  longing,  teasing  desire,  uneasy 
hankering,  importunate  craving,  burning. 

Item,  ad.    [L.]    Also,  in  like  manner,  as  an  addi* 
tional  article. 

Item,  n.     Article,  particular. 

Iterate,  v.  a.     Repeat,  reiterate. 

Iteration,  «•     Repetition,  reiteration. 


Iterative,  a.     Repeating 

~        11 

_  place. 


itineranC7f  ».      Travelling,  going  from  place  to 


Itinerant,  a.  Travelling,  wandering,  roving,  roam- 
ing, nomadic,  going  from  place  to  place,  unset- 
tled. 

Itinerary,  «.     Guide,  guidebook. 

It  is  odds.     It  is  probable,  it  is  likely. 

Ivory-black,  «•  Bone-black  (improperly  called 
Ivory-black,  which  is,  strictly  speaking,  prf 
pared  from  ivory). 

Ivory-nutf  «•    Corosso-nut. 


J 


Jabber,  v.  n.  Prate,  chatter,  prattle,  gabble,  talk 
rapidly,  talk  idly. 

Jabber,  v.  a.     Speak  rapidly. 

Jabber,  «.     Prate,  prattle,  gab,  chatter,  idle  talk. 

jabberer,  «.  Prattler,  chatterer,  babbler,  chatter- 
box. 

Jack-a-dandy,  «.  Beau,  fop,  coxcomb,  dandy, 
dandiprat,  exquisite,  popinjay,  macaroni,  jacka- 
napes, man  of  dress,  man  milliner,  vain  fellow. 

Jack-a-lantem,  n.  Jack-with-a-lantem,  Will-o'- 
the-wisp,  Will-with-the-wisp,  ignis  fatuus. 

Jackanapes,  «.      [Written  also  yackanape.]      I. 
Monkey.     See  Ape. 
2.   Beau,  fop,  dandy.     See  Jack-a-dandy. 

Jackass,  n.     I.    Male  ass. 

2.    Blockhead,  simpleton.     See  Dunce. 

lack-at-all-trades,  I  «.     Factotum,  doer  of   all 

Tack-of-all-trades,  I     work. 

jackdaw,  «.     Daw  {Corvus  monedula). 
racket,  «.     Jerkin,  short  coat. 
Tack-ketch,  «.     Hangman,  (public)  executioner. 
jack -pudding,    «.       Buffoon,     harlequin,    jester, 

droll,   zany,   clown,   punch,  scaramouch,  merry- 

andrew. 


Jack-snipe,  «.     Tudcock  {Scohpax  gattinula). 
Jacobin,  n.      I.   Dominican,  predicant,  blackfriar, 
preaching  ^rax,/rire  prccheur. 

2.  Member  of  the  Jacobin  Club  {radical  body 
in  the  French  Revolution  of  ij^<^). 

3.  Anarchist,  red  republican,  turbulent  dema- 


a.     Turbulent,  revolutionary. 


Jacobinic,     ) 
acoblnical,  j 
acobite,  n.      I.   Adherent  of  the  Stuarts  or  {esPf 
cially)  of  James  II. 
2.    Monophysite,  Eutychian. 
Jacnlate,  v.  a.     Dart,  throw,  launch,  huri,  let  fly. 
Jacolation,    «.       Darting,      throwing,      hurling, 

launching. 
Jade,  n.     I,   Hack,  tired  horse,  worthless  horse. 

2.  Hussy,  quean,  base  woman,  sorry  wench. 

3.  Young  woman  {in    irony  or    slight   con- 
tempi). 

4.  Jade-stone,     tremolite,     nephritic     stone, 
nephrite. 

Jade,  p.  a.    Tire,  weary,  fatigue,  fag,  exhaust,  tire 

out. 
Jag,  «.    Notch,  denticulation,  protuberant  point. 


16 


JAGGED 


242 


JEWISH 


J?ef 


Jagged,  a.  Notched,  serrated,  indented,  denticu- 
lated, cleft,  divided,  uneven,  ragged  {on  the 
edges). 

Jaggedness,  «.  Unevenness,  raggedness  (j>n  the 
edges). 

Jaguar,  «.     American  tiger  (J^elis  onga). 

Jafi,  «.     Jehovah,  Jahweh,  Jahveh. 

tei!-    Jehovah,  Jah. 

Jailf  «.  [Written  also,  but  not  commonly,  Gaol.^ 
Prison,  penitentiary,  bridewell,  workhouse,  house 
of  correction. 

Takes,  «.     Privy,  necessary,  latrine,  water-closet. 

Jam,  V.  a.     Press,  crowd,  squeeze  tight. 

Jam,  «•  !•  Conserve  {boiled  in  mass),  thick 
preserve. 

2.  Pressure  {Jrom  a  crowd),  crowding. 

3.  Crowd,  throng,  pack,  press,  mass  of  people 
{crowded  together). 

Jamb,  «.  Side-piece  {of  a  fireplace,  a  door,  a 
window,  etc.). 

Jamestown  weed.  Thorn-apple,  stramonium, 
stramony,  jimson,  apple-peru  {Datura  stramo- 
niuMt). 

le,  V.  n.  I.  Wrangle,  squabble,  bicker,  quar- 
rel, dispute,  spar,  spat,  jar,  tiff,  have  words,  have 
an  altercation. 

2.  Clash  and  clang,  sound  harshly  or  discord- 
antly. 

Jangle,  v.  a.  Sound  discordantly,  utter  inhar- 
moniously. 

Jangle,  n.     I,   Discord,  discordant  sound. 
2.   Wrangling,  jangling. 

Jangled,  a.  Discordant,  inharmonious,  out  of 
tune. 

Tangier,  «.     Wrangler,  quarrelsome  fellow. 

jangling,  «.  Wrangling,  bickering,  quarrelling, 
altercation,  jangle,  jar. 

Janitor,  «.     Porter,  doorkeeper,  concierge- 

Janty,  a.  [Written  also  J  aunty. '\  Showy,  finical, 
airy,  fluttering,  bedizened,  gairish,  dressy,  gay, 
fine,  pranked  out. 

Japan,  v  a.     Varnish,  lacquer. 

Japan  earth.  Catechu,  terra  japonica,  gambler, 
cutch. 

Japanese,  a.    Of  Japan. 

Japanese,  »     I.   Native  of  Japan. 

2.   Language  of  Japan,  Japanese  language. 

Jar,  V.  n.     I.  Vibrate  harshly. 

2.  Clash,  interfere. 

3.  Wrangle,  contend,  quarrel,  bicker,  spat, 
spar,  jangle,  squabble,  tiff,  have  words,  have  an 
altercation. 

Jar,  V.  a.     Shake,  agitate,  jolt. 

Jar,  «.     I.    Shake,  agitation,  jolt. 

2.  Discord,  disagreement,  quarrel,  altercation, 
jarring,  wrangling,  bickering. 

Jargon,  «.  I.  Gabble,  gibberish,  rigmarole,  non- 
sense, balderdash,  twaddle,  palaver,  flummery, 
moonshine,  wishwash,  trash,  stuf]^  unintelligible 
talk. 

2.  Slang,  cant. 

3.  Confusion,  disorder,  jumble,  chaos,  disarray. 
Jarring,  a.     I.   Discordant,  harsh. 

2.  Wrangling,  disagreeing:,  at  variance. 

3.  Conflicting,  incompatible,  inconsistent. 
Jarring,  «.     I.   Clashing,  collision. 

2.  .Shaking,  agitation,  jar. 

3.  Quarrel,  dispute,  altercation,  bickering, 
wranglmg. 

Jaundice,  «.    {Med.)    Icterus. 
Jaundiced,  a.     I.    Bilious. 
2.    Biassed,  prejudiced. 
Jaunt,  «.      Ramble,   excursion,   trip,  tour,  stroll, 

short  journey. 
Jaunty,  a.      [Written  also  Janty.'\     Airv,  showy, 

finical,  fluttering,  bedizened,  gainsh,  gay,  fine. 


Jaw,  «.     I.  Maxillary  bone,  jaw-bone. 

2.  {Lo^v.)    Vituperation,  abusive  talk. 

3.  Wall  {of  a  pass),  enclosing  crag,  throat. 
Taw-l)One,  «.     Jaw,  maxillary  bone. 

Jaws,  n.  pi.     I.   Chaps,  mouth. 

2.   Walls,    enclosing   walls  or  crags,  craggy 

opening,  throat. 
Jaw-tootn,  n.     Grinder,  molar. 
jealous,  a.     I.    Envious  {especially  at  being  suP' 

planted  in  the  affections  of  another),  enviously 

suspicious,  resentful  at  preference,  suspicious  in 

love, 

2.  Anxious,  apprehensive,  solicitous,  zealous. 

3.  Watchful,  suspiciously  vigilant. 
JeiUousy,   n.      I.   Suspicion,    envy,   envious  sus- 
picion {especially  in  matters  of  love). 

2,  Watchfulness,  vigilance,  suspicious  vigi- 
lance. 

Jeer,  v.  n.  Sneer,  scoff,  flout,  mock,  gibe,  fleer, 
rail. 

Jeer,  f.  a.  Flout,  taunt,  deride,  ridicule,  mock, 
gibe,  scoff,  spurn,  despise,  contemn,  chaff  at, 
sneer  at,  jeer  at,  rail  at,  gibe  at,  crook  the  finger 
at. 

Jeer,  «.  Sneer,  scoff,  taunt,  gibe,  biting  jest, 
flout. 

Jeerer,  «.  Scoffer,  scorner,  mocker,  railer,  ridi- 
culer,  derider,  despiser. 

Jeering,  «.     Mockery,  derision,  gibes. 

Jehovah,  «.  God,  Lord,  Omnipotence,  Om- 
niscience, Providence,  the  Creator,  Heaven,  the 
Maker,  the  Deity,  the  Lord,  the  Godhead,  the 
Infinite,  the  Eternal,  the  Omnipotent,  the  Pre- 
server, the  Trinity,  the  Holy  Trinity,  the  Su- 
preme Being,  the  First  Cause,  the  Author  of  all 
things,  God  the  Father. 

Jejune,  a.  Barren,  meagre,  sterile,  dry,  bare, 
lean,  uninteresting. 

Jemmy,  a.  {Colloq.)  Spruce,  trim,  smart,  fini- 
cal, over-nice,  over-neat,  affectedly  elegant,  nice, 
over-much. 

Jentling, «.    Blue  chub. 

Jeopard,  v.  a.  Hazard,  imperil,  peril,  endanger, 
jeopardize,  risk,  put  in  jeopardy,  put  at  hazard, 
put  at  risk. 

Jeopardize,  v.  a.  [Recent.']  Hazard,  endanger. 
See  Jeopard. 

Jeopardy,  n.     Hazard,  danger,  peril,  risk,  venture. 

Jeremiad,    )n.      [Term    of  ridicule.}      Tale  of 

Jeremiade,  J  sorrow,  lamentation,  lament,  dole- 
ful story. 

Jerk,  V.  a.     I.  Yerk,  twitch,  pull  suddenly. 
2.   Throw  suddenly. 

Jerk,  «.     I.   Twitch,  sudden  pull. 
2.   Sudden  throw. 

Jerkin,  «.    Jacket,  short  coat. 

Test,  V.  n.    Joke,  crack  a  joke,  perpetrate  a  joke. 

Jest,  n.     I,   Joke,   quip,  quirk,  crank,  witticism, 
sally,  jeu  d" esprit. 
2.   Raillery,  fun,  sport. 

Jester,   n.     I.   Joker,  wag,  humorist. 

2.  Buffoon,  harlequin,  zany,  droll,  fool,  clown, 
punch,  Punchinello,  scaramouch,  merry-andrew, 
jack-pudding,  pickle-herring. 

Jesuitical,  a.     I.   Of  the  Jesuits. 

2.  [A  sense  introduced  by  partisans  hostile  to 
the  Jesuits.}  Crafty,  cunning,  wily,  deceitful, 
sophistical,  double,  double-faced,  full  of  chicane, 
Machiavelian. 

Jetty, «.    Mole. 

jeu  d'esprit.  [Fr.]  Joke,  jest,  quirk,  quip, 
crank,  sally,  witticism,   mot. 

Jew,  n.     Hebrew,  Israelite. 

Jewel,  «.     Gem,  brilliant,  precious  stone. 

Jeweliy,  «.  [Written  also  Jewellery.}  Jewels, 
bijoutry,  trinkets. 

Jewish,  a.    Hebrew,  Judaic,  Judaical,  Israelitish. 


JEWRY 


243 


JOYOUS 


Jewry, «.    Judea. 

Jews-pitch,  n.     Asphaltum. 

Jezebel,  n.  Furj',  Gorgon,  brazen  woman,  virago, 
she-monster. 

Jiffy,  n.  (jColloq.)  Instant,  moment,  second, 
twinkling,  trice,  flash,  twinkUng  of  an  eye. 

JlfSer,  «.     I.   Throw,  potter's  wheel. 
2.  {Ent.)    Chxgre  (PuUxpetutratu). 

^S^gumbob,  n.  {Comic.)  Trinket,  toy,  gimcrack, 
knick-knack,  bawble,  gewgaw. 

Jilt,  n.     Coquette,  flirt. 

Jilt,  V.  a.     Trick  or  deceive  {by  Playing  the  j'ilf). 

jUt,  V.  n.     Play  the  jilt. 

Jingle,  V.  n.     [Written  also  Gingle.']    Tinkle. 

Jingle,  n.  Tinkling,  jingling,  jingling  sound,  tintin- 
nabulation. 

Jingling,  «.    See  Jinglb. 

Job,  n.     Piece  of  work. 

Job,  V.  n.     Do  job-work,  work  at  jobs. 

Jobbernowl,  «.  {Low  comic.)  Simpleton,  fool. 
See  Dunce. 

Job-work,  «.     Piece-work. 
OCkey,  «.     I.    Horse-jockey,  dealer  in  horses. 

2.  Cheat,  swindler,  sharper,  rogue,  trickster, 
knave,  impostor,  blackleg,  shark. 

Jockey,  v.  a.  Cheat,  trick,  deceive,  gull,  dupe, 
over-reach,  cozen,  chouse,  outwit,  bamboozle, 
circumvent,  delude,  hoodwink,  beguile,  mislead, 
inveigle,  gammon,  impose  upon,  humbug  {colloq.). 

Jocose,  a.  Jocular,  facetious,  humorous,  witty, 
waggish,  droll,  funny,  comical,  sportive,  merry. 

Jocoseness, «.     See  Jocularity. 

Jocular,  a.    See  Jocosh. 

Jocularity,  «.  Jocoseness,  facetiousness,  wa^- 
gishness,  waggery,  drollenr,  sportiveness,  merri- 
ment, pleasantry,  mirth,  fun. 

Jocund,  a.  Joyous,  joyful,  merry,  frolicsome, 
blithe,  blithesome,  sportive,  jolly,  playful,  airy, 
lively,  gay,  debonair. 

Jocundity,  «.  Joyrousness,  joyfulness,  cheerful- 
ness, hilarity,  spriehtliness,  exhilaration,  liveli- 
ness, vivacity,  sportfulness,  frolicsomeness,  blithe- 
someness,  jocularity^  gayety,  merriment,  mirth, 
good-humor,  high  spirits,  high  glee. 

Jog,  V.  a.    Push  (gently),  notify  by  a  push. 

Jog,  H.     I.   Push,  slight  shake. 
2.   Notch,  denticulation,  jag. 

iOggle,  V.  a.     Shake  {by  hitting),  jostle. 
Og  on.     Trudge,  lumber,  travel  slowly. 
oe-trot,  n.     Slow  pace,  slow  trot. 
onn  Bull.    {Colloq.)     I.   English    nation,    Eng- 
land. 
2.    Englishman. 

ibhn-dory,  «.     Common  dory  (Zeus  /aber). 
ohnny-cake,  «.     Hoe-cake,  corn-cake. 
bin,  V.  a.     I.   Add,  annex,  attach,  append. 

2.  Connect,  couple,  combine,  conjoin,  link, 
cement,  unite,  unite  together,  join  together. 

3.  Adjoin,  be  adjacent  to,  connect  with,  oj)en 
into,  be  connected  with. 

4.  Unite  with,  associate  one's  self  with,  go 
into,  take  part  in  or  with,  take  one's  place  in, 
meet,  come  to  meet. 

Join,  V.  n.      Associate,    confederate,    unite,    be 

united,  league. 
Joint,  K.     I.   Juncture,  union. 

2.  Seam,  commissure. 

3.  (Anat.)    Articulation. 

4.  {Bot.)    Knot. 

5.  {Bot.)  Intemode,  space  between  two 
joints. 

Joint,  a.     United,  combined,  concerted. 
Oint,   V.   a.      I.    (Carpentry.)    Join,  unite,   fit 
together. 

2.   Disjoint,  divide  {at  the  joints),  cut  up  {as 
meat). 
Jointed,  a.    Articulated,  with  joints. 


Jointer,  «.    {Carpentry.)    Jointing-plane. 

Joint  heir.    Co-heir. 

jointing-plane,  «■    Jointer. 

jointly,  ad.  Unitedly,  together,  conjointly,  in 
conjunction. 

Joist,  n.    Small  floor-timber. 

Joke,  n.  Jest,  quip,  quirk,  crank,  witticism,  sally, 
jeu  cTesprit. 

Joke,  V.  a.  Jest,  crack  a  joke,  perpetrate  a 
joke. 

Joker,  n.     Jester,  wag,  humorist. 

Jollincation,  «.  {Colloq.)  Conviviality,  revelry, 
festivity,  carouse,  carousal,  revel,  cumpotatiun, 
potation,  wassail,  merry  frolic,  jolly  time,  drink- 
ine-bout,  spree  (colloq.). 

Jollity,  n.  Merriment,  gayety,  mirth,  fun,  frolic, 
joviality,  hilarity. 

Jolly,  a.  I.  Merry,  joyous,  joyful,  gay,  jovial, 
airy,  mirthful,  jocund,  playful,  frolicsome,  sport- 
ive, gamesome,  funny,  facetious,  jocular,  wag- 
gish, sprightly,  lively,  jocund,  blithe,  blithesome, 
cheery,  cheerful. 

2.   Plump,     stout,    lusty,     bouncing,    portly, 
chubby,  in  good  case. 

Jolt,  V.  n.  Be  shaken  (as  a  wagon  by  passing 
over  rough  ground). 

Jolt,  V.  a.  Shake  {as  a  wagon  when  passing  over 
rough  ground). 

Jolt,  n.     Shaking,  jolting. 

Jolthead,  n.     Simpleton,  fool.     See  Dunce. 

jolting,  n.     Jolt,  shaking. 

Jonathan,  n.  People  of  the  United  States,  the 
United  States  {as  a  nation),  Brother  Jonathan, 
Uncle  Sam. 

Jorden,  «.  [Written  also  Jordan.]  Urinal,  cham- 
ber-pot 

Jostle,  z/.  a.     [Written  also  7«j/^.]    I.  CoUide, 
strike  against,  hit  against. 
2.   Shake  {fy  hitting),  joggle. 

Jot,  n.  Iota,  tittle,  whit,  bit,  grain,  particle,  atom, 
scrap,  mite,  ace,  corpuscle,  scintilla. 

Jot  down.  Record,  state,  note,  chronicle,  register, 
set  down,  take  down,  note  down,  make  a  note 
of,  make  a  memorandum  of. 

Jotting,  n.     Memorandum,  note. 

journal,  «.     I.   Diary,  daily  register. 
2.   Newspaper,  magazine,  periodical. 

Journalize,  v.  a.  Record,  register,  note,  chroni- 
cle, set  down,  jot  down. 

Journey,  «.  Travel  {by  land),  tour,  excursion, 
trip,  expedition. 

Journey,  v.  n.      I.   Travel,   ramble,   roam,  rove, 
take  a  tour,  make  a  tour,  take  a  trip,  make  an 
excursion. 
2.   Travel,  go,  proceed,  fare. 

Joumeyman,  n.     I.   Day-laborer. 
2.   Hired  mechanic. 

Joust,  n.    Tilt. 

Joust,  V.  n.     I.  Tilt. 

2.   [Written    also  /wx/.]  •  Jostle    (or   justle), 
push,  jar. 

Jove,  n.     {Mythol.)    Jupiter. 

Jovial,  a.  Merry,  joyous,  gay,  airy,  mirthful. 
See  ToYFUL. 

Joviality,  n.  Merriment,  gayety,  mirth,  fun, 
frolic,   jollity,   hilarity. 

Joy,  n.  I.  Gladness,  delight,  glee,  exultation, 
ecstasy,  rapture,  ravishment,  transport,  beatitude, 
beatification. 

2.  Happiness,  felicity,  bliss. 

3.  Cause  of  gladness,  delight,  happiness. 
Joy,  V.  n.     Exult,  rejoice,  be  glad,  be  delighted, 

be  joyful. 
Jojrnd,  a.     Glad,  joyous,  merry,  buoyant,  happy, 

jocund, blithe,  blithesome,  jolly,  jovial,  delighted, 

elate,  elated. 
Joyous,  a.    Glad.    See  Joyful. 


JUBILANT 


244 


JUXTAPOSITION 


Jubilant,  a.    Rejoicing,   exulting,   exultant,    tri- 
umphing, triumphant,   shouting  with  joy. 
Tnbileet  n.    Season  of  rejoicing. 

Tudaical  I   ^*     J^^^^^*  Hebrew,  Israelitish. 

Religion  of  the  Jews,   Jewish  re- 


Jndaism,  n 

ligion. 

Judcock,  ft- 

linuld). 

Juddock,  n. 


Jack-snipe,  juddock  {Scolopax  gal- 


See  JuDCocK. 
Judge,  n.     I.   Justice. 

2.  Arbiter,  arbitrator,  umpire,  referee. 

3.  Critic,  connoisseur. 

Judge,  y.  n.  Decide,  determine,  conclude,  form 
an  opinion,  pass  an  opinion,  pass  judgment,  get 
at  the  truth,  arrive  at  the  truth,  sit  in  judgment. 

Judge,  V.  a.  I.  Try,  doom,  condemn,  pass  sen- 
tence upon, 

2.  Consider,  regard,  think,  esteem,  reckon, 
account,  deem,  believe,  hold,  suppose,  imagine. 

3.  Appreciate,  estimate,  form  an  opinion  about. 
Judgment,   «•      I.   Discernment,    understanding, 

intelligence,  discrimination,  taste,  sagacity,  pene- 
tration, wisdom,  brains,  prudence,  ballast,  depth, 
sense,  mother-wit,  quick  parts,  common-sense, 
good  sense,  long  head. 

2.  Determination,  decision,  conclusion,  opin- 
ion, notion,  estimate. 

3.  {Law.)     Sentence,  award,  decree. 

4.  (Psychcl.)  Power  of  judgment,  intellect, 
faculty  of  comparison  f>r  synthesis,  unitive  faculty, 
faculty  of  thought. 

5.  {Log.)    Sentence,  proposition. 
Judgment-day,  «.    Day  of  judgment,  the  last  day, 

Dies  Iras. 

Judgment-seat,  «.    Tribunal,  court,  bar,  bench. 
Udfcature,  ».     I.   Administration  of  justice. 
2.   Jurisdiction. 
Judicial,  a.    Juridical,  forensic. 
Judiciaiy,  n.     Body  of  judges,  courts,  judicial  de- 
partment, department  of  justice. 
Judicious,  a.     Sensible,  wise,  prudent,   discreet, 
considerate,    rational,    reasonable,    enlightened, 
sagacious,  provident,  sober,  sound,  staid,  solid, 
cool,  politic,  well-considered,  well-chosen. 
Jug,  «.     Pitcher,  ewer. 

Juggle,  V.  n.  I.  Conjure,  play  tricks,  practise 
jugglery,  practise  legerdemain. 

2.   Practise  artifice,  practise  imposture,  cheat. 
Juggle,  n.     I.   Trick,  piece  of  legerdemain. 

2.   Trick,    imposture,    imposition,    deception, 
cheat,  fraud. 
Juggler,  n.     Prestidigitator. 
Jugglery,  «.     I.   Legerdemain,    prestidigitation, 
sleight   of  hand. 
2.  Trickery,  imposture,  deceit. 
Juice,  n.     I.   Sap. 

2.    Fluid  part,  fluid. 
Julceless,  a.     I.    Sapless. 

2.   Dry. 
Juicy,  a.     Succulent,  moist,  watery,  sappy,  lush, 

full  of  juice. 
JumWe,  V.  a.     Mix  confusedly,  throw  together  in 

disorder,  confuse,  mix  up,  huddle. 
Jumble,    n.     Disorder,    confusion,    hodge-podge, 
hotch-potch,  gallimaufry,  olio,  olla-podrida,  con- 
fused mass,  disorderly  mixture. 
Jump,  V.  a.    Jump  over,  leap  over,  skip  over,  pass 
by  a  leap. 


Jump,   V.    n.     Leap,   spring,   bound,  skip,  hop, 

vault,  caper. 
Jump,  «.     Leap,  spring,  bound,  hop,  vault,  caper. 
Junction,    n.      I.   Joining,    union,    combination, 

connection,  linking,  coupling. 
2.   Juncture,  joint,  place  of  meeting. 
Juncture,  n.     I,   joint,  junction. 

2.    Conjuncture,  crisis,  exigency. 
June-berry,  «.    I.    Shad-bush,  shad-berry  (.<4f«^- 

lanchier  Canadensis). 
2.   Service-berry  (jLhe  fruit  of  the  shad-bush). 
Jungle,   n.     Thicket  {of  brushwood,  shrubs,  and 

woods),  brake. 
Junior,  a.     Younger. 
Junket,  n.     I,   Sweetmeat,  delicacy. 

2.    Feast,  entertainment. 
Junket,  V.  n.     Feast,  banquet,  indulge  in  feasting. 
Junket,  V.  a.     Feast,  entertain,  regale. 
Junto,  n.     Cabal,  faction,  combination  {against  a 

government),  party,  coterie,  clique,  set,  gang, 

league,  confederacy,  secret  council. 
Juridical,  a.     Judicial,  forensic. 
Jurisconsult,  n.  Jurist,  civilian,  counsellor,  lawyer. 
Jurisdiction,  n.     Judicature,  extent  of  authority, 

legal  power. 
Juruprudence,  n.     Science  of  law. 
Jurist,   «.     Civilian,    jurisconsult,   lawyer,    coun- 
sellor. 
Juror,  «.     Juryman. 
Jurjanan,  «.     Juror. 
just,    a.      I.   Equitable,    right,   rightful,   lawful, 

reasonable. 

2.  Fair,  fair-minded,  candid,  even-handed. 

3.  Honest,  upright,  righteous,  blameless,  pure, 
conscientious,  uncomipt,  virtuous,  honorable, 
good,  straightforward. 

4.  Exact,  true,  proper,  accurate,  correct,  nor- 
mal, regular. 

5.  Deserved,  merited,  condign,  suitable,  due. 

6.  Appropriate,  fit,  suitable,  happy. 
Just,  ad.     Exactly,  precisely. 

Justice,  «.     I.   Equity,  equitableness,  right,  just- 
ness, fairness,  impartiality,  fair  play. 
2.   Judge,  justiciary,  justiciar. 

Justiciary,  n.     Judge,  justice,  justiciar. 

Justifiable,   a.     Defensible,    warrantable,    vindi- 
cable,   ri^ht,   fit,  proper. 

Justification,    «.      I.  Vindication,   defence,   ex- 
culpation, exoneration. 
2.   {Theol.)    Absolution,  remission  of  sin. 

JUStity,    V.    a.     I.   Vindicate,    warrant,    defend, 
maintain,  exculpate,  excuse,  exonerate,  set  right. 

2.  {Theol.)  Absolve,  acquit,  free  from  sin, 
clear  from  guilt. 

3.  {Printing.)    Adjust. 

Jnstle,  V.  a.     [Written  also /<7.r//V.]     I.   Collide, 

strike  against,  hit  against. 
2.   Shake  (by  hitting),  joggle. 
Justness,    «.     I.  Justice,    equity,    equitableness, 

fairness,  right. 

2.  Propriety,  fitness,  suitableness. 

3.  Exactness,  accuracy,  precision. 
Just  now.     Very  recently,  a  moment  ago. 
Jut,  V.  n.     Project,  protrude,  stand  out,  jut  out. 
jut  out.     Project.     See  Jut. 

Juvenile,  a.    I.  Young,  youthful,  childish, puerile. 

2.   Suited  to  youth,  intended  for  youth. 
Juxtaposition,  «.     Proximity,  contiguity,  contact, 
adjacency. 


KALE 


245 


KINDRED 


K 


Kale,  H.    Colewort. 

TTflTnarhi,  h.     Horued-screamer  iPa/anudea  coT' 

nuta ). 
TTflmsin,  ».     Simoon,  simoom,  samiel. 
Keen,    «•      I.   Eager,    zealous,    ardent,   earnest, 

fervid,  vehement. 

2.  Sharp,  acute,  with  a  fine  edge. 

3.  Piercing,  penetrating,  cutting. 

4.  Severe,  bitter,  poignant,  acrimonioos, 
caustic. 

5.  Shrewd,  discerning,  quick,  sagacious,  as- 
tute, keen-sighted,  keen-eyed,  clear-sighted, 
long-headed. 

Keen-eyed,  a.  Keen,  keen-sighted,  sharp- 
sighted. 

Keenness,  «.  I.  Ardor,  vehemence,  eagerness, 
earnestness,  fervor,  rest. 

2.  Sharpness,  acuteness. 

3.  Severity,  rigor,  sternness. 

4.  Causticity,  acrimony,  asperity,  bitterness, 
pungency. 

5.  Poignancy,  acuteness,  bitterness. 

6.  Shrewdness,  sagacity,  astuteness. 
Keen-sighted,    a.      Keen,    sharp-sighted,    keen- 
eyed. 

Keep,  z*.  o.     I.   Retain,  detain,  hold,  hold  fast 

2.  Preserve,  maintain,  continue. 

3.  Restrain,  withhold. 

4.  Guard,  protect,  preserve,  take  care  of. 

5.  Fulfil,  observe,  adhere  to,  be  faithful  to,  be 
true  to,  stand  by. 

6.  Celebrate,  honor,  solemnize,  commemorate, 
do  honor  to. 

7.  Sustain,  sup]X>rt,  maintain. 

8.  Preserve,  store,  store  up,  lay  away. 
Keep,  V.  n.     I.   Continue,  remain. 

2.  Stay,  abide,  lodge,  dwelL 

3.  Endure,  last. 

Keep,  n.     Stronghold,  donjon. 

Keep  an  eye  on.  watch,  mark,  observe,  have  an 
eye  on- 

Keep  dark.  Keep  one's  own  coun<;e1,  seal  the 
lips,  not  breathe  a  syllable  about  it,  keep  the 
matter  to  one's  self,  be  silent,  be  secret. 

Keeping,  n.  I.  Care,  custody,  charge,  guardian- 
ship. 

2.  Support,  maintenance,  feed. 

3.  Harmony,  conformity,  congruity,  consist- 
ency, agreement. 

Keep  under.      Control,  restrain,  keep  in   subjec- 
tion. 
Kelp,  H.     I.   Barilla,  carbonate  of  soda  (impure). 

2.    Sea-weed  {from  which  barilla  is  made). 
Ken,  «.     View,  cognizance,  sight. 
Kennel,  «.     I.   Dog-house. 

2.  Pack  of  hounds. 

3.  Hole  [of  a  wild  animaf),  haunt. 

4.  Gutter. 

Slennel,  v.  n.      Dwell  (as  a  dog),  lodge,  harbor, 

take  shelter. 
Kerosene,  «.     Petroleum,  paraffine  oil,  photogen, 

mineral  oil. 
Kestrel,  «.       Windhover,  castrel,   stannel  (Falco 

tinnunculus). 
Xey,  n.    I.    Lock  opener. 

2.  Clew,  guide,  explanation,  solution,  elucida- 
tion, clavis. 

3.  Tonic,  key-note,  fundamental  note,  first 
note  of  the  scale 

4.  Wedge,  clamp. 


S.  {Mus.)    Ltvtr  (in  an  insirutttent). 

Key-note,  «.     Tonic.     See  Key,  3. 

Khan,  «.      I.    Cham,  sovereign  prince  (qf  Tar- 
tary). 
2.   See  Caravansary. 

Kick  the  beam.  Be  outweighed,  be  overbalanced, 
be  overpoised,  be  the  lighter. 

Kick  np  a  dust.  (Colloq.)  Make  a  commotion, 
create  an  excitement,  make  a  stir. 

Kid,  n.     I.   Young  goat. 
2.    Kit,  small  tub. 

Elidnap,  V.  a.  Abduct  (any  human  being),  carry 
off,  steal  away,  run  off  with. 

Kidnapping,  ».     Man-stealing,  abduction. 

Kill,  V.  a.  Slay,  slaughter,  murder,  despatch, 
carry  off,  put  to  death,  deprive  of  life,  make 
away  with,  give  one  his  quietus,  give  a  death- 
blow to.     See  Assassinate. 

Kilt,  K.     FiUibeg. 

Kin,  «.  I.  Relationship  {by  blood  or  by  tnar- 
riage),  consanguinity. 

2.    Relations,  relatives,  kindred,  kinsfolk,  con- 
nections. 

JC\n,  a.  Related,  allied,  kindred,  akin,  cognate,  of 
the  same  nature,  of  the  same  kind,  of  the  same 
family. 

Kind,  a.  Benevolent^  beneficent,  benignant,  hu« 
mane,  gracious,  friendly,  kindly,  complacent, 
complaisant,  bland,  generous,  obliging,  boun- 
teous, accommodating,  philanthropic,  compas- 
sionate, mild,  benign,  clement,  good,  amiable, 
charitable,  gentle,  lenient,  indulgent,  forbearing, 
tender,  sympathetic,  affectionate,  loving,  good- 
natured,  tender-hearted,  kind-hearted. 

Elind,  n.  I.  Race,  genus,  family,  breed,  species, 
set,  class. 

2.   Sort,  nature,  character,  manner,  descrip- 
tion, stvle. 

Kind-hearted,  a.     Tender-hearted.     See  Kind. 

Kind-heartedness,  «.     See  Kindness. 

Kindle,  V.  a.  I.  Light,  ignite,  enkindle,  inflame, 
set  fire  to,  set  on  fire. 

2.  Excite,    rouse,    awaken,    provoke,    incite, 
stimulate,  animate,  whet,  stir  up,  foment. 

3.  Exasperate,  exdte,  provoke,  enrage. 
Kindle,  w.«.     I.   Take  fire. 

2.  Get  excited,  grow  warm,  fly  into  a  passion. 

3.  Fire,  glow,  warm,  thrill,  stir,  start,  quicken, 
become  impassioned. 

Kindliness,  «.^    I.    Benignity,  kindness,  benevo- 
lence, humanity,  charity,  sympathy,  compassion, 
amiability,  kind-heartedness,  good-nature,   good 
feeling,  fellow-feeling. 
2.    Mildness,  softness,  gentleness. 

Kindly,  a.  I.  Natural,  homogeneal,  congenial, 
kindred,  proper,  appropriate. 

2.    Sympathetic,  benevolent,  gracious.       See 
Kind. 

Kindness,  «.      I.    Benevolence,  beneficence,   be- 
nignity,    humanity,     generosity,     philanthropy, 
charity,  kindliness,  sympathv,   tenderness,  ami- 
ability, fellow-feeling,  clemency,  good  feeling. 
2.    Kind  act,  good  turn,  kind  office,  favor. 

Kindred,  «.  I.  Relationship,  affinity,  consan- 
guinity. 

2.    Relations,  relatives,  kin,  kinsfolk,  kinsmen, 
kith  and  kin. 

Kindred,  a.  Related,  coijnate,  allied,  kin,  akin, 
of  the  same  kind,  of  the  same  nature,  of  the  same 
family. 


KING 


246 


KNURLY 


Qllg,  n.     Sovereign,  monarch. 

Kingbird,  «.  Tyrant  fly-catcher  {Muscicapa 
tyrannus  or  Tyrannus  intrepidus). 

King-crab,  «.      I.    Horse-shoe,  horse-foot,  horse- 
shoe-crab, limulus  {Ltmulus  Polyphemus). 
2.   Thornback-crab  {Maia  squitiado). 

S[ing-Cap,  «.     Buttercup,  golden  cup. 

Kingdom,  «.  I.  Sovereignty,  empire,  dominion, 
supremacy,  sovereign  power,  rule,  monarchy, 
supreme  power. 

2.  Dominion  (s),  realm  (s). 

3.  Tract,  region. 

4.  Division,  department,  realm,  domain,  prov- 
ince. 

Kingly,  a.  I.  Royal,  regal,  monarchical,  impe- 
rial. 

2.  Noble,  august,  imposing,  splendid,  mag- 
nificent, grand,  majestic,  regal,  imperial,  royal, 
glorious. 

Kfilg  of  terrors.     See  Death. 

King'S-English,  n.     Pure  English. 

King'S-evil,  «.     Scrofula,  struma. 

Kingship,  n.     Royalty,  monarchy,  sovereignty. 

King'S-yellOW,  «.  Yellow  orpiment,  yellow  sul- 
phuret  of  arsenic. 

Kink,  n.     I.   Twist,  knot,  entanglement. 
2.   Whim,  crotchet,  wrinkle. 

Kinsfolk,  «_  Relations,  relatives,  kin,  kindred, 
kinsmen,  kith  and  kin. 

Kinsman,  «.     Relative,  relation. 

Kiss,  V.  a,     I.    Salute,  greet  with  a  kiss. 

2.  Caress  with  the  lips,  press  one's  lips 
upon. 

Kiss,  n.     I.   Salute. 

2.   Caress  {with  the  lips). 

Kit,  «.  I.  Kid,  small  tub  {as  for  pickled  mack- 
erel). 

2.  Small  pail. 

3.  Outfit,  working  implements. 

4.  Violin  {small),  fiddle. 

Kleptomania,  n.    Klopemania,  propensity  to  steal, 

mania  for  stealing. 
Klopemania,  «.     See  Kleptomania. 
Knack,  «.     I.   Toy,  plaything,  knick-knack,  gim- 

crack,  gewgaw,  bawble,  trifle,  jiggumbob  {comic). 
2.    Dexterity,   adroitness,   dextrousness,  skill, 

skilfulness,  facility,  aptness,  aptitude,  quickness, 

readiness,  address,  expertness. 
Knag,  «.     Knot  {in  wood). 
Knaggy,  a.     Knotty,  gnarled. 
Knarl,  n.     Knot,  knob,  snag. 
Knarled,  a.     Knotty,  knotted,  knurly,  gnarled. 
Knave,  «.      I.   Villain,  rascal,  scoundrel,   rogue, 

cheat,  caitiff,  swindler,  sharper,  trickster,  scamp, 

scapegrace. 

2.    Jack  {of  cards). 
Knavery,  «.      Villany,  rascality,  fraud,  knavish- 

ness^    dishonesty,    criminality,    trickery,    scoun- 

drelism. 
Knavish,  a.     Dishonest,  unprincipled,  villanous, 

rascally,  scoundrelly,  fraudulent,  trickish,  tricky, 

roguish. 
Knavishness,   «.       Dishonesty,     rascality.       See 

Knavery. 
Kneepan,  n.    Patella. 
Knell,  n.     Death-bell,  passing-bell,  signal  of  doom 

or  death. 


Knell,  V,  n.  Knoll,  sound  wamingly,  sound  with 
doom.  ^ 

Knick-kxiack,  «.  Toy,  trifle,  plaything,  gimcrack, 
gewgaw,  bawble,  knack,  jiggumbob  {comic). 

Knight,  n.     I.   Cavalier,  chevalier. 

2.  Partisan,  champion. 

3.  Lover,  gallant. 
Knight-errantry,  «.     Chivalry,  knighthood* 
Knighthood,  ».     Chivalry,  knight-errantry. 
Knit,  V.  a.     Join,  unite,  connect. 

Knob,  n.     I.  Protuberance,  boss,  bunch,  hunch, 
stud. 
2.    Handle  {of  a  door). 
Knock,  n.     I.   Rap  {as  at  a  door),  clap. 

2.    Blow,  slap,  cuff,  buffet,  box. 
Knock,  V.  n.     Rap  {as  at  a  door). 
Knock,  V.  a.     Beat,  strike,  hit,  bump,  slap. 
Knock  down.     I.    Fell,  prostrate. 

2.    Knock  oS{by  auction). 
Knock  under.     {Collog.)     Submit,  yield,  knuckle, 
give  up,  lower  one's  flag,  kiss  the  rod,  lick  the 
dust,  eat  humble  pie,  draw  in  one's  horns. 
Knoll,  n.    Hillock,  mound. 
Knot,  n.     I.    Entanglement,  complication. 

2.  Tie,  connection,  bond  of  union. 

3.  Joint,  node,  knag. 

4.  Tuft,  bunch. 

5.  Group,  band,  clique,  gang,  crew,  squad, 
cluster,  set,  pack. 

6.  Nautical  mile. 

EInot,  V.  a.     Entangle,  tie,  complicate. 

Knot-grass,  «.  Dog's-grass,  couch-grass,  twitch- 
grass,  wheat-grass,  dog-wheat  ( Triticum  repetts). 

Knotted,  a.     See  Knotty, 

Knotty,  a.  I.  Knotted,  gnarled,  full  of  knots, 
knaggy,  knurly. 

2.  Intricate,  difficult,  perplexing,  embarrass- 
ing, hard,  troublesome,  involved. 

Know,  V.  a,  I.  Perceive,  apprehend,  compre- 
hend, understand,  discern,  be  aware  of  be  as- 
sured of,  be  sure  or  certain  of,  see  through,  make 
out. 

2.  Recognize. 

3.  Be  acquainted  with,  have  an  acquaintance 
with,  be  familiar  with. 

4.  Distinguish,  discriminate. 

5.  {Psychol.)    Cognize. 

Know,  V.  ft.  I.  Have  knowledge,  cognize,  exer- 
cise cognition. 

2.  Be  informed,  be  made  aware. 

3.  Be  sure,  feel  certain. 

Knowing,  a.  I.  Intelligent,  skilful,  competent, 
qualified,  experienced,  accomplished,  proficient, 
well-informed. 

2.  Conscious,  intelligent,  percipient,  thinking. 

3.  Expressive,  significant,   cunning. 
Knowledge,   n.      I.     Apprehension,   comprehen- 
sion,   perception,    understanding,    discernment, 
judgment, 

2.  Learning,  erudition,  scholarship,  enlighten- 
ment, lore,  acquirements,  attainments,  informa- 
tion. 

3.  Cognizance,  cognition,  notice,  informa- 
tion. 

Knuckle,    v.    n.      Yield    {obsequiously),    submit, 

cringe,  stoop,  crouch,  give  up,  knock  under, 
Knurly,  a.    Knotty,  knotted,  gnarled. 


LABOR 


247 


LAND 


Labor.  H.     I.  Toil,  work,  exertion,  effort,  pains, 

drudgery. 
2.   Travail,  p>arturition,  childbirth,  delivery. 
Lat)Or,  V.  n     I.   Toil,  strive,  drudge,  work,  exert 

one's  self,  take  pains. 

2.  Suffer,  be  afflicted,  be  distressed. 

3.  Travail,  be  in  travail,  be  in  labor. 
Lat>ored,  a.     Overwrought,  stifl^  heavy,  smelling 

of  the  lamp. 

Laborer,  «.     Workman,  operative. 

Laborious,  a.  I.  Industrious,  sedulous,  assidu- 
ous, toiling,  hard-working,  painstaking.  See 
Diligent. 

2.  Difficult,  arduous,  onerous,  toilsome,  tire- 
some, wearisome,  fatiguing,  irksome,  hard, 
Herculean. 

Laborionsness,  »■     Toilsomeness,  difficulty. 

Labor  of  love.     Gratuitous  service. 

Lab3Tlntil,  «.     Maze,  perplexity,  intricacy. 

Lab3rrintlial,  a.     See  Labvrinthian. 

LabyrintMan,  I  a.     Mazy,   confused,    perplexed, 

LabjOintbean,  )  intricate,  involved,  many-wind- 
ing, labyrinthal,  labyrinthine. 

Labyrintnic,      I  a.        Labyrinthiform,      labyrin- 

Labyrinthlcal,  I     thine. 

Labyrintbiform,  a.     Labyrinthic,  labyrinthine. 

Labyrintbine,  a.    I.   See  Labvrinthian. 
2.    Labyrinthiform,  labyrinthic. 

Lacerate,   v.   a.      I.  Tear,  sever,  mangle,   rend, 
lancinate,   laniate,  claw,  tear   asunder,   tear   to 
pieces. 
2.    Harrow,  wound,  torture,  rend. 

Laceration,  «.     Tearing,  rending. 

Lacbes,  n.  pi.  (Law.)  Negligence,  remissness, 
neglect  of  duty. 

Lack,  V.  a.  Want,  need,  be  in  want  of,  be  in  need 
of,  be  destitute  of,  be  without. 

Lack,  V.  n.     I.    Be  in  want. 
2.    Be  wanting. 

Lack,  n.  Need,  deficiency,  destitution,  want, 
scantiness,  insufficiency,  scarcity,  dearth,  default, 
defectiveness,  shortness,  shortcoming,  deficit. 

Lackadaisical,  A.  Sentimental,  maudlin,  Werther- 
ish,  die-away,  languishing,  affectedly  pensive, 
lackadaisy. 

Lackadalsy,  interj.  [Used  ludicrously  for  Lack- 
adiiy.^ 

Lackaday,  interf.  Alas,  well-a-day,  alack,  woe 's 
the  day. 

Lack-brain,  «.     Simpleton.     See  Duncb. 

Lackey,  n.     Footman,  footboy,  flunky. 

Lackey,  v.  a.  Attend  {as  a  servant),  wait  on, 
dance  attendance  on. 

Laconic,      I  a.      Short,    brief,    concise,    succinct, 

Laconical,  J      compact,  sententious,  terse,  pithy. 

Lacquer,  «.     Vamish  (of  shellac). 

Lacqaer,  v.  a.     Varnish  (with  lacquer),  japan. 

Lactescence,  «.     I.    Milkiness,  milky  color. 
2.  (Bat.)     Bleeding,  effusion  of  sap. 

Lad,  n.  Boy.  stripling,  youngster,  youth,  school- 
boy, younker,  young  man. 

Lade,  V.  a.     I.    Load,  freight 
2.   Dip,  bale. 

Lading:,  «.     Freight,  cargo,  load,  burden. 

Lady,  n.     I.    Mistress,  matron. 

2.  Woman  of  rank,  woman  of  distinction. 

3.  Woman  of  refinement,  well-bred  woman. 

4.  Wife,  spouse. 

Ladylike,  a.     Genteel,  courtly,  refined,  well-bred. 
Lady -love,  «.     Sweetheart,  flame. 


a.     See  Lambllar. 


LaSf,  V.  n.    Loiter,  linger,  saunter,  fall  behind, 

move  slowly. 
Laggard,  »•      Loiterer,   lingerer,   idler,   laggard, 

saunterer. 
Lagger,  «.     Loiterer,  laggard. 
Lagoon,  n.     Lake  (shallow  and  communicating 

with  the  sea). 

I2l5ki,l-  ^y- 

Lair,  «.     Couch  (of  a  beast),  resting-place. 

Laity,  «•     Laymen,  body  of  the  people,  the  peo- 
ple (as  distinguishtd  from  the  clergy). 

Ljunantine,  ».     Manatee,  sea-cow. 

Lamb,  «.     Young  sheep. 

Lambent,  a.     I.  Playing  about  (like  the  tongw  in 
licking),  touching  lightly,  gliding  over,  licking. 
2.   Gleaming,  flickering,  twinkling. 

Lambkin,  n.     Little  lamb. 

Lamb  of  God.     Christ.     See  Tksus. 

Lame,  a.     I.   Crippled,  halt,  nobbling. 

2.  Defective,  imperfect. 

3.  Insufficient,    unsatisfactory,    weak,   feeble, 
poor. 

L^e,  V.  a.     Cripple,  make  lame. 

Lamella,   «.      [L.J    Scale,    lamina,    layer,    coat, 

flake,  coating,  thin  plate- 
Lamellar,   a.        Lamellate,     lamellated,    laminar, 

laminated,     foliated,     foliaceous,     scaly,     flaky, 

schistose. 

Lamellate, 

Lamellated, 

Lament,  v.  n.     Moum,  grieve,  weep,  sorrow,  wail, 
moan,  complain. 

Lament,   v.   a.      I.     Bewail,    deplore,     bemoan, 
mourn,  sorrow  over  or  for. 
2.    Regret,  deplore. 

Lament,  n.     I.  Wailing,  moaning,  moan,  lamenta- 
tion, plaint,  complaint. 

2.   Dirge,    elegy,    epicedium,   mournful   song, 
funeral  song. 

Lamentable,  a.     I.  Deplorable,  grievous,   to  be 
lamented. 

2.  Mournful,  wailing. 

3.  Pitiful,  contemptible,  miserable,  poor,  low. 
Lamentation,  n.    Wailing,  moanin$r,  moan,  plaint, 

complaint,  lament,  ululation,  hubbubboo. 
Lamina,  n.     Scale,  layer,  coat,  coating,  lamella, 

thin  plate. 
Laminar,  a.     Laminated. 
Laminated,  a.     Laminar.     See  Lamellar. 
Lampoon,  n.     Pasquinade,  satire,  squib. 
Lampoon,  v.  a.     Satirize,  ridicule,  lash. 
Lanate,    I  a.     Woolly,    downy,    lanuginous,  lanu- 

Lanated,  (     ginose. 
Lance,  «.     Spear,  javelin. 

Lance,  v.  a.     I.   Hurl,  throw,  launch,  dart,  send, 
fling,  toss,  pitch,  jaculate,  let  fly. 
2.   Pierce,  cut  with  a  lancet. 

LaS^Sted.  1  "•     Lance-shaped,  lanciform. 
Lance-Sbaped,  a.     Lanciform. 
Landform,  a.     Lance-shaped. 
Lancinate^  v.  a.    Tear,  rend,  sever,  mangle,  lace- 
rate, laniate,  claw,  tear  to  pieces. 
Lancinating,  a.     Piercing,  darting,  cutting. 
Land,  n.     I.   Ground,  soil,  earth. 

2.  Country,  district,  tract,  region. 

3.  Real  estate. 

Land,  V  a.    Disembark,  debark,  put  on  shore,  set 
on  shore. 


LAND 


248 


LATITUDE 


Land*  V.  ft.      Disembark,   debark,   go  on  shore, 

come  to  land. 
Landing,  n.     I.   Coming  to  land,  disembarking, 

debarking. 
2.   Landing-place. 
Landing-place,  n.     Landing. 
Landloper,  «.     Wanderer,  vagrant,  vagabond. 
Landloping,  n.      Wandering,  vagrant,   vagabond. 
Landlord,  «.     I.   Owner,  proprietor. 

2.    Host,  inn-keeper. 
Landrail,  ».     Corn-crake,  daker-hen  {Crex  pm- 

tensis). 
Landscape,  «.     View,  prospect,  scene,  rural  scene. 
Land-waiter,  «.    Tide-waiter. 
Lane,  «.     Alley,  narrow  street,  narrow  passage  or 

way. 
Lang-syne,    ad.      [Scotch.'^     Long     since,    long 

ago. 
Lang-syne,   n.     The  good  old  time,  past  times, 

days  gone  by,  days  of  yore. 
Language,  «.     I.   Speech,  tongue. 

2.  Speech,  power  or  faculty  of  speech,  utter- 
ance. 

3.  Style,  expression,  phraseology,  diction,  form 
of  expression.^ 

4.  Expression,  utterance,  voice. 

Languid,  a.  I.  Faint,  exhausted,  drooping,  pin- 
ing, languishing,  flagging,  weak,  feeble. 

2.    Dull,  torpid,   listless,   spiritless,  heartless, 
heavy,  inactive,  slow,  sluggish. 

LangUldness,  «.  I.  Languor,  faintness,  feeble- 
ness, lassitude. 

2.   Dulness,  listlessness,  heaviness,  heartless- 
ness. 

Languish,   v.   n.      I.   Droop,    pine,    faint,    fade, 
wither,  decline,  fail,  become  feeble,  pine  away, 
waste  away. 
2.   Look  tender,  have  the  air  of  a  lover. 

Languishment,  «.     I.  Feebleness,  decline,  weak- 
ness, drooping,  pining,  withering,  wasting. 
2.   Look  of  tenderness. 

Lan^TUOr,  n.  I.  Feebleness,  debility,  languidness, 
famtness,  languishment. 

2.  Dulness,  torpidness,  listlessness,  heartless- 
ness,  heaviness,  ennui. 

Laniate,  v.  a.  Lacerate,  tear,  rend,  sever,  mangle, 
lancinate,  claw,  tear  to  pieces,  tear  asunder. 

Lank,  a.  Lean,  thin,  meagre,  attenuated,  slim, 
slender,  starveling,  skinny,  scraggy,  gaunt, 
emaciated. 

Lankness,  «.  Leanness,  thinness,  slimness,  mea- 
greness,  slendemess,  attenuation,  gauntness, 
emaciation. 

Lanuginous,  a.  {Bot.)  Downy,  woolly,  lanate, 
lanated,  lanuginose. 

Lanuginose,  a.     See  Lanuginous. 

Lap,  V.  a.     I.   Fold,  turn  over,  lay  over. 

2.  Wrap,  cover,  twist  round. 

3.  Lick,  lick  up,  take  up  with  the  tongue. 
Lap,  V.  n.     Be  folded  over,  be  laid  over,  reach  over. 
Lapidary,  n.     Lapidist. 

Lapidescence,  n.     Lapidification,  petrifaction. 
Lapidification,  «.     Lapidescence,  petrifaction. 
Lapidist,  n.     Lapidary. 

Lapse,  n.  I.  Flow,  gliding,  flowing,  smooth 
course. 

2.  Fall,  decline,  declension,  falling  off. 

3.  Slip,  fault,  error,  shortcoming,  misstep,  in- 
discretion. 

Lapse,  V.  n.     I.   Slip,  glide,  slide,  sink,  pass  slowly. 

2.  Fail  in  duty,  commit  a  fault,  fall  from  in- 
nocence. 

3.  (Law.)    Become  void. 

Lapsus  linguae.   [L.]     Slip  of  the  tongue. 
Lapwing,    «.     Pewit  {Tringa   vanellus    or    Va- 

nellus  cristatus). 
Larboard,  n.    (,Naut. )    Port,  left-hand  side. 


Larceny,  «.    Theft,  stealing,  pilfering,  robbery, 

thievery. 
Lard,  V.  a.    I.   Grease. 

2.  Dress  with  bacon. 

3.  Intermix,  interlay,  interlard. 

Large,  a.  I.  Big,  great,  bulky,  huge,  immense, 
vast,  of  great  size. 

2.  Extensive,  expanded,  spacious,  broad,  wide. 

3.  Abundant,   plentiful,  ample,   full,   copious, 
liberal. 

4.  Capacious,  comprehensive. 

5.  Comprehensive,  broad,  wide,  liberal,  gen- 
erous. 

Large-bellied,  a.  Abdominous,  big-bellied,  pot- 
bellied, paunchy. 

Largess,  «.  Bounty,  present,  donation,  gift,  en- 
dowment, grant,  bequest. 

Lariat, «.     Lasso. 

Larmier,  «.     (Arch.)    Drip,  corona. 

Larum,  n.  [Contraction  of  Alarum.'\  Alarm, 
alarum,  tocsin,  alarm-bell. 

Larva,  «.     Caterpillar,  grub. 

Lascivious,  a.  Lustful,  lecherous,  libidinous, 
lickerish,  salacious,  concupiscent,  lubric,  lu- 
bricous, lewd,  prurient,  wanton,  loose,  unchaste, 
incontinent. 

Lash,  n.     I.  Thong  (o/a  whip),  scourge,  whip. 
2.   Stroke,  stripe. 

Lash,  V.  a.  I.  Scourge,  whip,  flog,  castigate, 
flagellate. 

2.  Beat,  beat  against. 

3.  Bind,  tie,  tie  together. 

4.  Censure,  satirize,  lampoon,  abuse. 

Lash  the  waves.  Make  vain  efforts,  try  in  vain, 
beat  the  air,  fish  in  the  air. 

Lass,  n.     Girl,  damsel,  maiden,  lassie,  miss. 

lassie,  «.     [Scotch.]     Girl,  lass. 

Lassitude,  n.  Weanness,  exhaustion,  fatigue,  pros- 
tration, languor,  languidness. 

Lasso,  n.     Lariat. 

Last,  a.     I.    Latest. 

2.  Hindmost. 

3.  Final,  ultimate. 

4.  Highest,  greatest,  utmost,  extreme. 
Last,  ad.     I.   The  last  time. 

2.  After  all  the  rest. 

3.  Finally,  in  conclusion. 

Last,  V.  n.     I.   Endure,  remain,  continue. 

2.   Hold  out,  be  unexhausted,  be  unconsumed. 

Lasting,  a.  Enduring,  permanent,  abiding,  dura- 
ble, of  long  continuance. 

Lastingness,  «.  Permanence,  durability,  continu- 
ance, fixedness. 

Lastly,  ad.  Finally,  in  fine,  at  last,  at  length,  in 
the  end,  in  conclusion. 

Late,  a.    I.   Slow,  tardy,  long  delayed. 

2.  Far  advanced. 

3.  Recently  deceased. 

4.  Recent. 

Late,  ad.    I.  Tardily,  after  the  propertime,  at  the 

eleventh  hour,  a  day  after  the  fair. 
2.   Recently,  lately,  not  long  ago,  sometime, 

sometime  since. 
Lately,  ad.    Recently,  latterly,  late,  of  late,  not 

long  ago. 
Latent,    a.    Concealed,    hidden,    secret,    occult, 

veiled,  unseen,  abeyant. 
Lather,  «.     Foam  (of  soap  andwater),  froth. 

uSSffi,^-    (^^^-^     Broad-leaved. 

Latin,  a.     Of  the  Latins,  of  ancient  Rome,  Roman. 

Latin,  n.  Language  of  ancient  Rome,  Latin  lan- 
guage. 

Latinism,  n.     Latin  idiom. 

Latibnity,  n.     Latin  style. 

Latitude,  n.  I.  Extent,  range,  scope,  amplitude, 
compass. 


LATITUDINARIAN 


249 


LAY  UP 


2.  Freedom,  liberty,  indulgence,  free  play. 

3.  Laxity,  loose  interpretation,  indefinite 
meaning. 

4.  (Geog^    Angular  distance  from  the  equator. 

5.  (Asiron.)  Angular  distance  from  the 
ecliptic. 

Latitudinaxian,  a.     Liberal   to  an  extreme  (in 

opinion),,  over-liberal,  loose,  lax,   free-tliiiiking, 

over-tolerant. 
Latitudinarianism,   n.      Extravagant  liberalism, 

laxity,  free-thinking,  over-toleration. 
Latten,  «.     Sheet  tin,  tinned  iron  plate. 
Latter,  a.     I.  Last  mentioned  (of  two). 

2.   Recent,  modem. 
Latterly,  ad.     Lately,  recently,  of  late. 
Lattice,  «.    Trellis,  lattice-work. 
Lattice-work,  «.     Lattice,  trellis. 
Laud,  V.  a.     Praise,  extol,  celebrate,  magnify. 
Laudable,  a.     Commendable,  praiseworthy. 
Laudanum,  n.     Tincture  of  opium. 
Laudation,    n.      Praise,    commeudation,    eulogy, 

compliment,  encomium. 
Laudatory,   a.      I.   Commendatory,   panegyrical, 

eulogistic,  complimentary,  encomiastic,  adulatory, 

flattering. 
2.   Lavish  or  extravagant  of  praise. 
Laugh,  n.     Laughter,  cachinnation. 
Laugb,  V.  n.     Cachinnate. 
Laughable,   a.     Comical,  droll,  funny,  ludicrous, 

farcical,  ridiculous. 
Laugh  at.     Ridicule,  deride,  mock,  scoff,  scoff  at, 

sneer  at,  laugh  to  scomj  make  fun  of,  poke  fun  at. 
Laughing,  a.     Merry,  mirthful,  gay,  gleeful. 
Laughing,  «.     Laughter. 
Laughing-gas,  n.     Nitrous  oxide,   protoxide  of 

nitrogen,  exhilarating  gas. 
Laughuig-StOCk,   «.      Butt  (of  Jests),  object  of 

ridicule. 
Laughter,  «.     Laughing,  laugh. 
Laugh  to  scorn.     Ridicule,  deride,  despise,  sneer 

at,  laugh  at,  laugh  down,  treat  with  contempt. 
Launch,  v.  a.     I.  Throw,  hurl,  cast,  dart,  lance. 

2.    Slide  from  the  stocks  (as  a  ship). 
Launch,  v.  n.     Enlarge,  expatiate,  descant,  dilate, 

launch  out. 
Launch  out.     Enlarge,  launch,  expatiate. 
Laundress,  n.     Washerwoman. 
Laureate,  «.     Poet-laureate,  court-poet. 
Lave,  V.  a.    Wash,  bathe. 

Lavement,  «.   (Med.)     Clyster,  enema,  injection. 
Lavish,  a.     Profuse,  prodigal,  thriftless,  unthrifty, 

wasteful,  extravagant,  too  free,  over-liberal. 
Lavish,   v.  a.      I.    Waste,    squander,  dissipate, 

spend  lavishly. 
2.   Bestow  prodigally,  pour  out. 
Law,  n.     I.   Rule  (prescribed  by  authority),  regu- 
lation,   statute,    enactment,    decree,    ordinance, 

edict,  order,  canon,  expressed  command. 

2.  Formula,  principle,  form. 

3.  Code,  body  of  rules. 

4.  Jurisprudence,  science  of  laws,  legal  science. 

5.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Mosaic  code  or  dis- 
pensation, the  old  covenant. 

6.  Suit,  process,  litigation. 

7.  Controlling  idea,  governing  principle,  prin- 
ciple, determining  rule  (of  the  invariable  sequence 
of  events  ox  forms). 

8.  Uniform  and  constant  operation  (of  any 
natural  force  under  the  same  conditions), 
method  of  the  divine  agency,  God  in  nature, 
Nature. 

Lawful,  <z.      I.   Legal,  legalized,  legitimate,  con- 
stitutional, constituted. 

2.  Allowable,  permissible. 

3.  Rightful,  just,  proper. 

Lawfulness*     n.    I.    Legality,     conformity     to 
law. 


2.  Allowableness,  permissibleness,  permissi- 
bility. 

Lawgiver,  «.     Legislator,  lawmaker. 

Lawsuit,  n.    Action,  suit  in  law. 

Lawyer,  «.  Counsellor,  counsel,  advocate,  attor- 
ney, attorncy-at-law,  solicitor,  barrister,  limb  of 
the  law. 

Laz>  a.     I.    Loose,  slack,  relaxed. 

2.  Soft,  flabby,  drooping,  relaxed. 

3.  Remiss,  negligent,  neglectfuL 

4.  Latitudinarian  (which  see). 

5.  Licentious,  dissolute,  loose. 

Laxative,  a.  Loosening,  aperient,  deobstruent, 
purgative. 

Laxauve,  «.  Laxative  medicine,  purgative,  aperi- 
ent, deobstruent. 

Laxity,  n.     I.    Looseness,  slackness,  laxness. 

2.  Remissness,  negligence. 

3.  Latitude,  latitudinarianism  (which  see). 

4.  Dissoluteness,  licentiousness. 
Laxness,  n.    See  Lax,  in  its  various  senses. 
Lay,  V.  a.     I.   Put,  place,  lay  down. 

2.  Impose,  assess. 

3.  Impute,  charge,  ascribe. 

4.  Spread  (on  a  surface). 

5.  Prepare,  set  in  order,  get  ready. 

6.  Contrive,  scheme,  devise,  concoct. 
7«   Allay,  quiet,  calm,  still,  appease. 

8.  Exorcise,  drive  away. 

9.  Bet,  stake,  wager,  risk,  hazard 

10.  Produce,  bring  forth  and  deposit  (as  eggs). 

11.  (Naut)    Depress,  sink,  sail  away  from  so 
as  to  lose  sight  of. 

12.  (Law.)    Allege,  state,  name. 
Lay>  «•    (Rare)    I.   Row,  stratum,  layer. 

2.  Bet,  wager,  stake,  pledge. 

3.  Song,  lyric. 

4.  Lea,  meadow,  mead,  pasture,  grassy  plain, 
grass  land. 

Ll^,  a.     Laic,  laical. 

Lay  aside.     I.   Reject,  discard,  put  away,  put  off, 

lay  on  the  shelf. 
2.   Put  by,  store,  lay  by. 
Lay  by.     Reserve,  keep,  retain,  husband,  reserve 

for  future  use. 
Lay  down.    I.  Resign,  give  up,  offer  up,  sacrifice. 

2.  Leave,  quit,  relinquish- 

3.  Advance,  propound,  assert,  allege,  enun- 
ciate. 

Layer,  ».    I.   Stratum,  bed.     See  Lay,  i. 

2,  Course  (as  of  bricks). 

3.  Shoot  or  twig  (laid  in  the  ground  for  Pro- 
pagation). 

Lay  hold  of.    Seize,  catch,  grasp,  clutch. 

Lay  in.     Store,  provide,  lay  up. 

Lay  one's  self  forth  or  out.      Strive,  labor,  try, 

struggle,   exert  one's  self,   put    forth    all    one's 

strength,  do  one's  utmost. 
Lay  open.     I.  Open,  lance,  cut  open. 

2.    Expose,   reveal,   exhibit,   disclose,  unveil, 

divulge,  publish,  show,  make  known. 
Lay  out.     I.    Spend,  expend,  disburse. 

2.  Plan,  dispose,  arrange. 

3.  Display,  show,  exhibit. 

4.  Prepare  for  burial. 

Lay  over.    I.   Spread  over,  cover  the  surface  of, 
overlay. 
2.    Postpone,  defer,  put  off. 
Lay  siege  to.     Besiege,  beset,  invest. 
Lay  to  heart.     I.   Feel  keenlv,  be  greatly  grieved 
at,  be  much  troubled  about,  oe  much  affected  by, 
take  to  heart,  take  on  about. 

2.    Consider  seriously,  take  with  serious  pur- 
pose, ponder  well,  make  matter  of  earnest  re- 
solve. 
Lay  up.     I.   Store,  provide,  treasure  up,  lay  in. 
2.   Confioe  to  the  bed  or  the  bouse. 


LAY  WASTE 


250 


LEE 


Lay  waste.    Desolate,  destroy,  ruin. 

Lazaretto^  n.      Hospital,   infirmary,    pest-house, 

lazar-house. 
Lazar-house,  «.     See  Lazaretto. 
Lazy>  a.     I.   Slothful,  sluggish,  sluggard,  indolent, 

idle,  inert,  inactive,  supine,  torpid,  slack,  dronish, 

lumpish. 
2.   Sluggish,  slow,  creeping. 
Lea,  n.     Meadow,  mead,  grass  land,  sward  land, 

Lead,  v.  a.     I.   Guide  {by  the  hand  or  something 
connected  with  the  hand). 

2.  Conduct,  direct,  escort,  go  before  as  guide. 

3.  Head,  be  at  the  head  of,  precede. 

4.  Surpass,  excel,  have  the  lead  of,  take  the 
lead  of,  outstrip,  be  in  advance  of. 

5.  Allure,  entice,  induce,  persuade,  draw,  pre- 
vail on. 

6.  Pass,  spend. 

Lead,  v.  «.     I.    Show  the  way  (3y  going  before). 

2.  Be  the  commander  (as  of  troops). 

3.  Conduce,  contribute,  tend,  serve. 
Lead,  «.     I.   Guidance,  direction,  leadership. 

2.   Precedence. 
Lead  captive.     I.   Carry  into  captivity,  capture. 

2.   Captivate,  fascinate,  overpower. 
Leader,  ».      I.    Guide,  director,  conductor,  cory- 
pheus,  choregus. 

2.  Chief,  chieftain,  commander. 

3.  Superior,  victor,  dominator.  corypheus,  cock 
of  the  walk,  ruler  of  the  roost,  first  fiddle. 

LeadersMp,   «.      I.    Guidance,    direction,   lead, 
conduct. 

2.   Primacy,  supremacy,  predominance,  domi- 
nation, hegemony. 

Leading,  a.     I.   Governing,  ruling. 

2.   Chief,  principal,  capital,  most  important. 

Lead  off.     Begin,  take  the  lead. 

Lead  the  way.    Go  before  {as  guide). 

Leaf,  n.     Blade. 

Leaflet,  n.     Small  leaf. 

Leaf -Stalk,  «.     {Bot.)    Petiole. 

League,   n.      I.    Alliance,  confederation,  confed- 
eracy, combination,  coalition,  union. 
2.   Three  {geographical)  miles. 

League,  v.  «.     Unite,  combine,  confederate,  band, 
form  a  league,  form  an  alliance. 

Leagued,  a.     United,  combined,  allied,  confeder- 
ated, confederate,  banded. 

Leak,  «.      I.    Fissure  {letting  a  liquid  in  or  out\ 
chink,  crevice,  hole. 
2.   Leaking,  leakage,  percolation. 

Leak,  v.  a.      I.    Percolate,  leak  in  or  out,  ooze, 
pass  slowly. 

2.     Let    in    {water    or   other   liquid)^    take 
water,  etc. 

Lean,  v.  «.      I.    Incline  (Jrom  a  perpendicular), 
slope. 

2.  Recline,  bear,  rest,  repose. 

3.  Tend,  have  a  tendency. 

4.  Repose,  rely,  depend,  confide,  trust. 
Lean,  v.  a.    Rest,  incline  for  support,  lay. 
Lean,  a.     I.  Thin,  poor,  gaunt,  emaciated,  meagre, 

lank,  skinny,  fallen  away, 

2.  Barren,  jejune,  meagre,  tame,  prosy,  dull. 

3.  Scanty,  slender,  pitiful,  inadequate,  not  full 
^r  abundant,  not  plentiful,  not  ample,  not  enough. 

4.  Free  from  fat,  destitute  of  fat. 

5.  Barren,  bare,  unfertile,  unproductive. 
Leaning,  «.      Bent,  inclination,  bias,  propensity, 

proneness.  See  Tendency. 
Lean-to,  «.  Penthouse,  shed. 
Leap,  V.  n.     I.   Jump,  bound,  spring,  vault. 

2.   Hop,  frisk,  gambol,  caper. 
Leap,  V.  a.    Jump  over,  bound  across. 
Leap,  «.     I.   Jump,  spring,  bound,  vault. 

2.    Hop,  frisk,  frisking,  caper,  gambol. 


Leap-year,  «.     Bissextile. 

Learn,  v.  a.     I.   Get  a  knowledge  of,  acquire  skill 
in,  make  one's  self  acquainted  with,  make  one's 
self  master  of. 
2.   Be  informed  of,  hear,  hear  of. 

Learn,  v.  «.     I.   Get  learning,  acquire  knowledge, 
gain  experience,  acquire  information,  acquire. 
2.   Be  informed,  hear. 

Learn  by  heart.  Memorize,  commit  to  memory, 
get  by  heart,  learn  or  get  by  rote. 

Learned,  a.     I.    Erudite,  lettered,  deep-read. 

2.  [With  z«.]  Knowing,  skilled,  expert,  ex- 
perienced, well-informed. 

Learning,  n.     I.   Acquisition  of  knowledge. 

2.  Erudition,  scholarship,  acquirements,  attain- 
ments, lore,  large  knowledge,  wide  information, 
acquired  knowledge. 

Lease,  v,  a.     Let  {for  a  term  of  years). 

Leash,  «.     I.   Thong  or  string  {for  holding  a  dog 
or  a  hawk). 
2.   Three  {greyhounds,  etc.). 

Leash,  v.  a.    Tie,  tie  together. 

Least,  a.     Smallest,  minutest. 

Least,  ad.     In  the  smallest  degree. 

Leathery,  a.     Tough,  coriaceous. 

Leave,  n.  I.  Permission,  liberty,  allowance, 
license. 

2.  Withdrawal,  retirement,  departure. 

3.  Farewell,  adieu,  congi. 

Leave,  v.  a.  I.  Quit,  vacate,  abandon,  withdraw 
from,  depart  from,  go  away  from,  retire  from,  get 
away  from. 

2.  Abandon,  forsake,  desert,  relinquish,  re- 
nounce, put  aside,  lay  aside,  give  up,  give  over. 

3.  Let  alone,  let  be,  suffer  to  remain  undis- 
turbed,  forbear  to  meddle  with. 

4.  Commit,  consign,  refer. 

5.  Stop,  forbear,  cease  from,  desist  from,  re- 
frain from,  leave  off,  break  off,  make  an  end  of. 

6.  Permit,  allow,  let,  give  leave,  give  permis- 
sion. 

7.  Bequeath,  demise,  devise,  will,  give  by 
will. 

8.  Leave  behind  one,  leave  at  one's  death, 
leave  remaining  after  death. 

Leave,  v.  n.    Desist,  stop,   cease,  forbear,  leave 

off. 
Leaven,  «.     I.   Yeast,  ferment,  barm,  fermenting 

substance. 
2.    Pervading  influence. 
Leaven,  v.  a.     I.   Produce  or  excite  fermentation 

in,  ferment,  raise,  lighten. 

2.  Imbue,  pervade,  permeate,  tinge,  color, 
inspire,  elevate,  lift. 

3.  Imbue,  infect,  vitiate,  taint. 

Leave  off.  (Active.)  Forbear,  desist  from,  break 
off. 

Leave  off.    {Neuter.)    Desist,  stop,  leave. 

Leave  out.    Omit. 

Leaves,  «.  //.     Foliage. 

Leavings,  «.  pi.  Remains,  remnants,  relics,  frag- 
ments, scraps,  pieces,  refuse,  odds  and  ends. 

Lecherous,  a.  Lewd,  lascivious,  libidinous,  lust- 
ful, carnal,  salacious,  lickerish,  concupiscent, 
lubric,  lubricous,  wanton,  unchaste,  incontinent. 

Lechery,  n.  Lewdness,  lasciviousness,  concupis- 
cence, lust,  salacity,  salaciousness,  lubricity, 
carnal  desire,  brutal  appetite. 

Lection,  «.     Reading,  version,  interpretation. 

Lecture,  n.     I.  Discourse,  prelection. 

2.  Censure,  lesson,  lecturing,  reprimand,  re- 
proof, scolding. 

Lecture,  v.  a.     I.  Deliver  a  lecture  to. 

2.   Reprove,  reprimand,  scold,  chide,  rate. 

Ledge, «.    I.  Shelf. 

2.   Ridge  of  rocks. 
Lee,  a.     To  leeward  {opposed  to  weather). 


LEE 


251 


LETHAL 


Lee,  ft.  Leeward,  lee-side,  side  sheltered  from  the 
wind. 

Leer,  v.  n.     Look  askance  (in  contempt). 

Lees,  n.  pl.  Dregs,  sediment,  settUngs,  precipi- 
tate, dunder. 

Leeward,  n.     Lee,  lee-side. 

Legacy,  «.    Bequest,  devise,  gift  by  will. 

Legal,  a.  Lawful,  legitimate,  legalized,  author- 
ized or  sanctioned  {by  law),  according  to  law. 

Legality,  n.     Lawfulness,  conformity  to  law. 

Legalize,  v.  a.     I.    Authorize,  permit  by  law. 

2.   Sanction,  legitimate,  legitimize,  make  legal, 
confirm  by  law. 

Legate,  «.  I.  Envoy,  deputy,  delegate.  See 
Ambassador. 

2.  Papal  ambassador,  pope's  legate,  cardinal 
legate. 

Legation,  «.  Embassy,  deputation,  body  of  diplo- 
matists. 

Legend,  «.      I.    Fable,    myth,    fiction,    doubtful 
narrative,  fictitious  story. 
2.    Molto  {round  a  coin  or  a  medat). 

Legendary,  a.     Fabulous,  fictitious,  mythical. 

Legerdemain,  «.  Juggle,  juggling,  sleight  of  hand. 

Legible,  «•  I.  Readable,  plain,  fair,  decipher- 
able. 

2.   Manifest,  apparent,  recognizable,  discover- 
able. 

Legion,  n.     I.   Army,  host,  military  force,  body  of 
troops. 
2.    Multitude,  host,  army,  great  number. 

Legions,  «.  pl.  Troops,  battalions,  squadrons, 
armed  men,  armed  hordes. 

Legislate,  V'  «.     Make  laws,  enact  laws. 

Legislate,  v.  a.  Enact,  ordain,  create  or  annul  by 
law  or  legislation,  speak  into  or  out  of  {Jfeing  or 
existence). 

Legislative,  a.     Law-making. 

Legislator,  «.     Lawgiver,  lawmaker. 

Legislature,  «.     Legislative  body. 

Legitimacy,  «.      I.   Legality,  lawfulness,  accord- 
ance with  law. 
2.   Genuineness. 

Legitimate,  a.  I.  Legal,  lawful,  in  accordance 
with  law. 

2.  Born  in  wedlock,  lawfully  begotten. 

3.  Genuine. 

4.  Valid,     logical,     warranted,     warrantable, 
correct. 

Le^tiMM,*  }  "•  *•     Legalize,  malte  legitimate. 
Legume,  «.     {Bot. )    Simple  pod  (of  two  valves). 
Legumes,  n.  pl.     Pulse,  fruit  of  leguminous  plants. 
Leisure,  «.     I.   Spare  hours,  spare  time,  time  to 
spare. 

2.  Convenience,  ease. 

3.  Freedom  from  business,  ease. 
Lend,  V.  a.     I.    Loan,  accommodate' with. 

2.  Give,  grant,  afford,  furnish,  bestow,  confer, 

impart. 
Lend   a   band.      Render    assistance,    put    one's 

shoulder  to  the  wheel,  hold  out  a  helping  hand, 

give  one  a  lift,  give  one  a  turn,  do  one  a  favor, 

help  a  lame  dog  over  a  stile. 
Lengtb,  «.     I.    Extent,  lon^tudinal  dimensions. 

2.  Long  duration,  duration,  continuance. 

3.  Detail,  amplification,  fulness. 
Lengthen,  v.   a.     I.    Elongate,  extend  (in  space\ 

stretch,  draw  out,  produce,  prolong. 

2.   Protract,    continue,    prolong,     extend    (in 
time),  spin  out 
Lengthen,  v.  n.     Become  longer,  grow  longer,  in- 
crease in  length. 

uSIth^!'}-^-    Longitudinally. 
Lengthy,  a.    Long,  lengthened,  prolonged,  prolix, 
protracted. 


Lenience,  )  «.    Clemency,  mildness,  lenity,  mercy. 

Leniency,  J      tenderness,  gentleness,  forbearance. 

Lenient,  a.  I.  Softening,  assuasive,  soothing, 
mitigating,  mitigative,  lenitive. 

2.   Mild,    gentle,    clement,    merciful,    tender, 
forbearing,  long-suffering. 

Lenient,  «.     See  Lenitive,  n. 

Lenitive,  a.  Soothing,  assuasive,  emollient, 
lenient,  mitigative,  balmy,  sedative,  demul- 
cent. 

Lenitive,  n.  Palliative,  emollient,  lenient,  opiate, 
anodyne,  soothing  medicine. 

Lenity,  «.  Mildness,  clemency,  gentleness,  ten- 
derness, mercy,  kindness,  forbearance,  lenience, 
leniency. 

Lens-shaped,  a.     Lentiform,  lenticular. 

Lenten,  a.  I.  Of  Lent,  belonging  to  Lent,  used 
in  Lent,  in  Lent. 

2.   Sparing,  meagre,  abstemious,  spare,  light, 
lean,  slender. 

uSte,}-     Lens-shaped. 

Lentiginous,  a.     Scurfy,  scabby,  scaly,   scabbed, 

furfuraceous. 
Lentisk,     \  n.   Mastic-tree  or  mastich-tree  {Pista- 
LentiscuS,  )      cia  lentiscus). 
Leonine,  a.     I.    Lion-like. 

2.   Characteristic  of  a  lion,  belonging  to  a  liou 

or  lions. 
Leopard'S-hane,  ».     Amxcai^Doronicum  pardali- 

ancltes). 
Lepidolite,  ».    {Min.)    Rose  mica,  lithia  mica. 

L^SdStld,!''-    <^^^>    Scaly,  leprous. 
Leprous,  a.     I.   Infected  with  leprosy. 

2.  {Bot.)    Scaly,  lepidote,  lepidoted. 

3.  Corrupt,  foul,  vile,  defiling,  infectious,  poi- 
sonous, polluting. 

Lese-majesty,     «.      [Preferably    written     Leze- 

majesty.'\     Treason. 
Lesion,   «.     {Med.)      Injury,   hurt,   disorder,    de- 
rangement, morbid  change. 
Less,  a.     Smaller,  inferior. 
Less,  ad.     Not  so  much,  in  a  less  degree. 
Less,  n.     Not    so    much,    smaller  quantity,  less 

amount. 
Lessen,  v.   a.      I.    Diminish,    decrease,    reduce, 

abate,  abridge,  make  less. 
2.    Lower,  degrade. 
Lessen,  v.  «.     Decrease,  diminish,  abate,  dvtindle, 

shrink,  be  reduced. 
Lessening,  «.     Diminution,   decrement,  decresise, 

reduction,  abatement. 
Lesser,  a.     Less,  smaller,  inferior. 
Lesser  Bear.     [With  Tlu  prefixed.]    Little  Bear, 

Ursa  Minor. 
Lesson,  «.     I.    Exercise  [of  a  learner).,  task. 

2.  Instruction,  precept. 

3.  Reproof,   rebuke,   lecture,  censure,  lectur- 
ing, scoldine,  chiding. 

Lest,  conj.     That  not,  for  fear  that. 

Let^  V.  a.     I.   Allow,  permit,  suffer,  give  leave  to, 
give  permission  to. 
2.   Lease,  put  to  hire. 

Let,  n.  Hindrance,  impediment,  obstacle,  ob- 
struction. 

Let  alone.  Leave,  let  be,  suffer  to  remain  undis- 
turbed, forbear  to  meddle  with. 

Let  be.     Leave.     See  Let  alone. 

Let  bygones  be  bygones.  Let  the  past  be  for- 
gotten. 

Let  down.     Lower,  depress. 

Let  c57**  1  Discharge,  let  loose. 

Let  go.    Release,  loose,  set  free,  let  loose,  let  slip, 

cast  off,  let  f^ut. 
Lethal*  a.     {Rare.)    Deadly,  mortal,  fatal. 


LETHARGIC 


262 


LICK 


lethargic,      )a.    Drowsy,   dull,    torpid,    heavy, 

Lethargical,  )  stupid,  stupefied,  comatose,  mor- 
bidly sleepy. 

Lethargy,  «.  Stupor,  torpor,  coma,  stupefaction, 
hypnotism,  stupidity,  morbid  drowsiness. 

Lethean,  a.    Oblivious. 

Let  into  \  ■^'^'"■*»  permit  to  enter. 

Let  loose.    Release,  liberate,  let  free,   free  from 

restraint,  let  out,  let  go,  set  at   liberty. 
Let  off.     I.   Discharge,  explode. 
2.   Excuse,  exonerate,  exempt. 
Let  out.     I.   Release,  liberate,  set  free,  let  loose, 

free  from  restraint,  set  at  liberty. 

2.  Extend,  loosen. 

3.  Blab,  disclose,  divulge,  reveal. 
Let  slip.     Loose,  let  go. 

Letter,  «.     I.   Alphabetic  character. 

2.  Epistle,  note. 

3.  Literal  meaning,  literal  sense,  verbal  ex- 
pression. 

Lettered,  a.  Learned,  literary,  bookish,  well- 
read,  deep-read,  book-learned. 

Letters,   «.  pi.     I.    Literature,  learning,    culture, 
erudition. 
2.   Correspondence. 

Levant,  «.  The  East,  eastern  coasts  of  the  Med- 
iterranean. 

Levee,  «.     I.   Time  of  rising. 

2.  [6^.  S."]     Ceremonious  party,  reception,  en- 
tertainment, soiree. 

3.  [Europe.]     Morning  reception  {d_y  a  prince 
or  great  personage). 

4.  [U.  6".]     Embankment  {along  a  river  to 
prevent  inundation). 

Level,  a.     I.    Horizontal. 

2.  Even,  flat,  plain. 

3.  Flush,  on  a  level,  of  the  same  height. 

4.  Of  the  same  rank,  condition,   etc.,  on  a 
par. 

Level*  V.  a.     I.   Make  horizontal. 
2     Bring  to  the  same  level. 

3.  Raze,  demolish,  destroy. 

4.  Aim,  direct,  point,  take  aim. 

5.  Adapt,  suit,  fit,  proportion. 

Lev^,  n.     I.    Horizontal  surface,  horizontal  line. 

2.   State  of  equality,  equal  elevation. 
Leverage,  n.     Purchase  {obtained  by  the  lever). 
Levigate,  v.  a.      Pulverize,  comminute,  triturate, 

grind,  bruise,  bray,  reduce  to  powder. 
Levigation,  «.    Pulverization,  comipinution,  tritu- 
ration. 
Levin,  «.     Lightning. 

Levin-brand,  n.     Thunderbolt,  lightning-flash. 
Levity,  «.     I.    Lightness,  want  of  weight. 

2.   Frivolity,   flightiness,   giddiness,  volatility, 
want  of  seriousness. 
Levy,  V.  a.     I.   Raise,  muster,  call  together. 

2.   Collect,  gather. 
Lewd,  a.     I,    [Archaic]    Vile,  despicable,  loose, 
profligate,  wicked. 
2.   Lustful.     See    Libidinous. 
Le^con,  n.       Dictionary,    glossary,    vocabulary, 

word-book. 
Leze-majesty,    «.       [Sometimes    written     Lese- 
majesty.]    Treason. 
Liability,  «.     I.    Responsibility,  accountableness, 
accountability,  bounden  duty. 
2.    Exposedness. 
Liabilities,  «. //.    {Com.)    Debts,  obligations. 
Liable,  a.      I.   Answerable,  responsible,  account- 
able, amenable. 
2.   Exposed,  subject,  obnoxious. 
Liaison,  »•     [Fr.]     I.   Amour,  intrigue,  illicit  inti- 
macy, criminal  intimacy. 

2.   {Rare.)    Connection,  union,  bond  of  union, 
relation. 


Libelf  n.     I.   Malicious  publication,  defamation, 
defamatory  writing. 
2.   {Law.)    Charge,  statement  of  complaint. 

Libel,  V.  a.  I.  Lampoon,  defame  {by  some  publi- 
cation). 

2.  {Law.)  Proceed  against  by  a  libel,  bring  a 
charge  against. 

Libellous,  a.  [Written  also  Libelous.]  Defama- 
tory, malicious. 

Liberal,  a.  I.  Generous,  bountiful,  free,  benefi- 
cent, munificent,  princely,  charitable,  open- 
hearted,  free-hearted,  unselfish,  disinterested. 

2.  Enlarged,  catholic,  tolerant,  unbigoted, 
high-minded,  magnanimous,  honorable,  chival- 
rous. 

3.  Large,  full,  unstinted,  abundant,  bounteous, 
ample,  plentiful. 

4.  Refined,  liberalizing,  refining,  befitting  a 
freeman,  humanizing. 

Liberal,  «.  Liberalist,  advocate  of  liberal  princi- 
ples. 

Liberalism, «.    Liberal  principles. 

Liberalist*  n.  Liberal,  advocate  of  liberal  princi- 
ples. 

Liberality,  «.  I.  Generosity,  bounty,  benefi- 
cence, munificence,  disinterestedness,  bountiful- 
ness,  charity. 

2.  Present,  gift,  benefaction. 

3.  Catholicity,  toleration,  magnanimity,  can- 
dor, impartiality,  largeness  of  mind,  large-mind- 
edness,  freedom  from  narrowness,  freedom  from 
bigotry. 

Liberalize,  v.  a.     I.   Enlarge,  make  liberal,  free 
from  prejudice. 
2.    Make  liberal,  refine,  elevate,  cultivate. 

Liberate,  v.  a.  Release,  free,  emancipate,  manu- 
mit, disinthrall,  ransom,  discharge,  deliver,  set 
free,  set  at  liberty,  let  go,  let  loose,  let  out. 

Liberation,  «.      I.    Deliverance,  rescue,  release, 
setting  free. 
2.   Release,  discharge. 

Liberties,  «.  pi.     I.    Limits  {o/ a  prison,  etc.). 

2.  Unwarrantable  freedom. 

3.  Immunities,  franchises,  privileges. 
Libertine,  «.     Rake,  debauchee,  profligate,  rou^, 

dissolute  man,  man  of  pleasure. 

Libertine,  a.  Licentious,  dissolute,  depraved, 
corrupt. 

Libertinism,  «.  Licentiousness,  dissoluteness, 
debauchery. 

Liberty,  n.  I.  Freedom  {after  previous  re- 
straint), liberation  from  foreign  restraint,  inde- 
pendence, self-direction,  self-government. 

2.  Privilege,  immunity,  franchise. 

3.  Leave,  permission,  license. 
Libidinous,  a.     lascivious,  lustful,  carnal,  lecher- 
ous,   lickerish,    lewd,    salacious,     concupiscent, 
wanton,    loose,     unchaste,    incontinent,    lubric, 
lubrical,  lubricous,  sensual,  impure. 

Librate,  v.  a.     Balance,  poise,  hold  in  equipoise. 

Libratory,  a.     Balancing. 

License,  «.     I.  Permission,  privilege,  leave,  right. 

2.  Permit,  warrant. 

3.  Laxity,  excessive  liberty,  exorbitant  free- 
dom, disorder,  anarchy,  lawlessness. 

License,  v.  a.  Permit,  allow,  grant  authority  to, 
give  a  permit  or  warrant  to. 

Licentious,  a.  I.  Unrestrained,  riotous,  un- 
curbed, wanton,  uncontrolled,  unruly,  ungov- 
ernable, disorderly. 

2.  Dissolute,  debauched,  profligate,  rakish, 
libertine,  loose,  lax. 

3.  Sensual,  unchaste,  immoral,  impure,  liber- 
tine, lascivious,  lewd,  libidinous,  lecherous, 
lustful. 

Lick,  V.  a.     I.   Pass  the  tongue  over. 
2.   Lap,  take  up  with  the  tongue. 


LICK 


253 


LIKE 


lick,  «.     I.   Taste. 

2.  Blow,  slap,  stroke. 

3.  Salt-lick,  saline,  salt-spring. 
lickerlsll,  a.      I.    Hankering   (/<?  Uck  or  taste), 

craving,  longing. 

2.  Lecherous.     See  Libidinous. 

3.  Dainty,  nice,  fastidious. 

4.  Dainty,  templing,  appetizing. 
Lickerous,  a.     See  Lickerish. 
Lickspittle,  «.      Abject  parasite,  mean  flatterer, 

lick-platter,  lick-trencher. 
Lid,  n.     I.   Cover,  covercle,  top. 

2.    Eyelid. 
Lie,   «.      I.     Falsehood,   malicious  or  deliberate 
falsification,  intentional   untruth,  criminal   false- 
hood, sidffgest  to  falsi,  suppressio  veri,  fib  {humor- 
ous euphemism). 
2.   Delusion,  illusion,  fleeting  show. 
Li«,  V.  M.     I.    Falsify,  fib,  tell  a  lie. 

2.  Recline,  lie,  couch,  lie  down,  be  prostrate, 
be  recumbent. 

3.  Be  placed,  be  laid.. 

4.  Be,  rest,  remain. 

5.  Be  situated,  be  located. 

6.  Consist. 

7.  (Law.)    Be  sustainable. 

Lie  at  one's  door.     Be  chargeable  to. 
Lie  by.     I.    Remain  near. 
2.   Rest,  intermit  labor. 
Uet,ad.     Willingly,  gladly,  freely. 
Liege,  a.     Bound  by  feudal  tenure  (to  service,  as  a 

vassal;  or  to  protection,  as  a  lord). 
Liege,  n      Superior,  sovereign,  liege  lord. 
Lie  in.      Be  confined,  be  in  child-bed,  be  in  the 

straw. 
Lie  in  one's  throat.     Lie  outrageously. 
Lien,  «.     Legal  claim. 

Lie  on.     Be  mcumbent  on,  belong  to,  lie  with. 
Lie  over.     I.   Be  deferred,  be  postponed. 

2.    Remain  unpaid  (said  o/ a  note). 
Lie  to.    (J\laut.)    Stop,  check  headway. 
Lieu,  «.     [Fr-l     Place,  room,  stead. 
Lie  under.    Be  subject  to. 
Lie  upon.    Lie  on. 
Lie  with.     I.   Lodge  with,  sleep  with. 

2.  Belong  to,  be  incumbent  on,  lie  on. 

3.  Enjoy,  have  intercourse  with,  have  connec- 
tion with,  cohabit  with. 

Life,  n.     I.   Vitality,  the  vital  spark,  the  breath  of 
life,  the  breath  of  one's  nostrils. 

2.  Time  from  birth  to  death,  period  of  life, 
lifetime. 

3.  Animated  existence,  living  beings. 

4.  Mode  or  course  of  living,  manner  of  life, 
course,  career. 

5.  Conduct,  deportment,  behavior. 

6.  Animation,  vigor,  spirit,  vivacity,  alertness, 
briskness,  sprightliness,  activity,  energy. 

7.  Biography,  memoir. 

8.  Real  person,  living  form. 

9.  Society,    social    manners,    human     affairs, 
course  of  things. 

Lifeless,  a.    I.   Dead^  defunct,  extinct,  inanimate. 
2.    Torpid,  sluggish,  inert,  dull,  tame,  spirit- 
less, passive. 
Lift,  V.  a.    Raise,  elevate,  lift  up. 
Lift,  n.     I.    Lifting,  raising. 

2.  (Colloq.)    Aid,  assistance,  help. 

3.  Rise  (as  of  a  lock  in  canals),  degree  of 
elevation. 

4.  Elevator. 

Lift-lock,  n.     Lock  (of  a  canal). 

Ligament,  n.     Band,  ligature. 

Ligature,  n.     I.    Band,  bandage,  ligament,  tie. 

2.  Binding,  tying. 

3.  Cutting  tie,  compressing  or  severing  wire. 
Ughtf  n.    I.   Medium  of  vision. 


2.  Diffusion  of  luminous  rays. 

3.  Daybreak,  sunrise,  dawn,  daylight,  break  of 
day,  peep  of  day 

4.  Candle,  lamp,  taper. 

5.  Instruction,  knowledge,  information,   com- 
prehension, insight. 

6.  Illustration,  explanation,  elucidation. 

7.  Window,  pane  (of  glass),  etc. 

8.  Public  notice. 

9.  Aspect,  point  of  view. 

Light,  a.     I.    Buoyant,  of  little  weight. 

2.  Easy  (to  be  borne),  not  burdensome. 

3.  Easy  (to  be  done),  not  difficult. 

4.  Porous,   spongy,   well    leavened    (said   of 
bread). 

5.  Loose,  sandy  (said  of  soil). 

6.  Unencumbered,  unburdened,  free  from  im- 
pediments. 

7.  Slight,  trifling,  small,  inconsiderable,  mod- 
erate. 

8.  Gossamery,  flimsy,  unsubstantial. 

9.  Frivolous,  fickle,  unsteady,  volatile,  unset- 
tled. 

10.  Ga^,  airy,  buoyant,  light-hearted. 

11.  Bright,  clear,  not  dark. 

12.  Whitish,  of  a  whitish  shade. 

Light,  V.  a.     I.    Kindle,  ignite,  set  fire  to,  set  on 
fire,  apply  the  match  to. 

2.  Illumine,  give  light  to,  guide  by  light. 

3.  Illuminate,  lighten,  illume,  irradiate. 
Lighten,  f.  M.     I.    ¥\as\\  (said  of  lightning). 

2.   Grow  lighter,  brighten,  clear  off. 
Lighten,  v.  a.     I.    Illuminate,    irradiate,  illume, 
light. 

2.  Enlighten,  fill  with  knowledge  or  wisdom, 
illumine. 

3.  \yf\ih  forth.]     Flash,  flash  forth,  emit. 

4.  Ease,  make  lighter,  make  easier. 
Light-fingered,  a.     Thievish. 
Light-headed,  a.     I.    Dizzy,  vertiginous,  giddy. 


2.   Delirious,  wandering. 
■        -         light, 
lous,  volatile,  indiscreet. 


3.   Giddy,  heedless,  light,    thoughtless,  frivo- 
lous, volatile,  indiscreet. 

Light-hearted,  a.  Gladsome,  cheerful,  joyful, 
joyous,  gayj  merry,  glad,  blithe,  blithesome,  glee- 
ful, jovial,  jolly,  jocund,  frolicsome. 

Light-horse,  «.     Light-armed  cavalry. 

Light-hotise,  «.     Pharos. 

Lightning-rod,  «.     Paratonnerre. 

Light  on.     I.   Happen  upon,  fall  upon  by  chance, 
happen  to  find,  lignt  upon,  strike  upon. 
2.   Alight  on. 

Lights,  n.  pi.     Lungs  (of  a  brute). 

Lightsome,  a.     I.   Luminous,  full  of  light. 

2.   Gay,  buoyant,  lively,  cheerful,  blithesome, 
blithe,  merry.     See  Light-hearted. 

Light  upon.    See  Light  on. 

Lign-aloes,  «.  Agalloch,  agallochum,  agillochum, 
aloes-wood,  acal-wood,  eagle-wood,  calambac. 

LigneotlS,  a.     Woody. 

Lignine,  «.     (Chem. )    Woody  fibre. 

Lignite,  n.     (Min.)     Fossil-wood. 

Like,  a.  I.  Similar,  resembling,  analogous,  allied, 
parallel,  cognate,  of  a  piece. 

2.  Equal,  same. 

3.  Likely,  probable. 
Like,  n.     I.   Equal. 

2.    Preference,  partiality,  liking. 
Like,  ad.     I.   In  the  manner  of,  in  the  same  man- 
ner as. 

2.    Likely,  probably. 
Like,   V.   a.     I.   Approve,  be  pleased  with,  take 

ftleasure    in,    find    to    one's    mind,    taste,    or 
ancy. 

2.  Relish,  enjoy,  be  fond  of. 

3.  Esteem,  fancy,  have  a  regard  for,  take  a 
liking  to,  Uke  to,  uke  a  fancy  to. 


LIKE 


254 


LISTEN 


Llke»  V.  n.    Choose,  prefer,  elect,  wish,  list,  think 

fit,  be  pleased. 
LikeUhOOdf  n.     Probability,  verisimilitude. 
Likely^  a.    I.   Probable,  credible. 

2.  In  a  fair  way,  to  be  expected. 

3.  Pleasing,  agreeable,  likable,  that  may  be 
liked. 

4.  Suitable,    well-adapted,    well-suited,    con- 
venient. 

Liken,  v.  a.     Compare,  show  the  resemblance  of. 

Likeness,  n.  I.  Resemblance,  similarity,  simili- 
tude, semblance,  form,  external  appearance. 

2.   Copy,  facsimile,  counterpart,  image,  repre- 
sentation, portrait,  effigy. 

Likewise,  ad.  Also,  too,  besides,  moreover, 
furthermore,  in  addition,  to  boot,  in  like  manner. 

Liking,  «•     I.   Fondness,  partiality,  desire,  wish. 
2.   Inclination,    disposition,    tendency,     turn, 
leaning,  bias,  bent,  propensity,  proclivity,  prone- 
ness,  predisposition,  appetency, /i?«£:-4««^ 

Liliputian,  a.  Pygmean,  little,  small,  tiny,  puny, 
dwarfish,  diminutive. 

Lily  of  the  valley.  May  lily  {Convallaria  ma- 
ialis). 

Llml),  n.     I.   Member,  extremity, 
2.    Branch,  bough. 

Limber,  a.     Supple,  pliable,  pliant,  flexible,  lithe. 

Limbo,  n.     I.     Limbus,  place  of  spirits,  place  of 
the  departed  {awaiting  final  judgment). 
2.    Hell,  infernal  regions,  shades  below. 

Limb  of  the  law.  Lawyer,  counsellor  counsel, 
barrister,  advocate,  attorney,  solicitor,  attorney- 
at-law. 

Limbus,  ».    [L.]    See  Limbo. 

Lime,  ».     I.   Quicklime,  protoxide  of  calcium. 

2.  Linden,  lime-tree. 

3.  Lime-fruit  tree  {Citrus  limetta). 

4.  Lime-fruit. 

Limit,  «•  I.  Bound,  frontier,  boundary,  confine, 
bourn,  termination,  precinct,  march. 

2.   Restriction,   restraint,   obstruction,    check, 
hindrance. 

Limit,  V.  a.    I.   Bound,  circumscribe,  define,  set 
bounds  to,  fix  the  limits  of. 
2.    Restrain,  restrict,  condition. 

Limitation, «.     Restriction,  restraint. 

Limn,  v.  a.  Paint,  draw  and  paint,  draw,  illumi- 
nate. 

Limning,  «.     Painting  {iti  water-colors). 

Limp,  a.     Limber,  flaccid,  flexile. 

Limp,  V.  n.    Halt,  hobble,  walk  lame. 

Limp,  n.     Halt,  limping  gait. 

Limpid,  a.  Clear,  lucid,  pure,  bright,  transparent, 
pellucid,  crystal,  crystalline,  translucent. 

Limpidity,  «.  Clearness,  brightness,  purity, 
transparency,   Hmpidness. 

limpidness,  «.    See  Limpidity. 

Lin,  n.     I.     Pool,  pond. 

2.  [Scotch.^    Cataract,  waterfall. 

Linden,  n.     Lime-tree,  lime. 

Line,  «.     I.  Streak,  stripe,  extended  mark. 

2.  Straight  direction. 

3.  Parallel  direction. 

4.  Thread,  cord,  string,  rope, 

5.  Row,  rank. 

*        6.   Row  of  words  {across  a  Page). 

7.  Note,  short  letter. 

8.  Equator,  equinoctial  circle. 

9.  One  twelfth  of  an  inch. 

10.   Lineage,  race,  family,  ancestry. 
H.   Course,  method. 

12.  Occupation,  employment,  calling,  business, 
pursuit. 
Line,  v.  a.     I.  Cover  on  the  inside. 

2.  Place  along  the  side  oL 

3.  Cover  with  lines,  mark,  draw  lines  upon. 

4.  Delineate,  draw,  sketch,  outline. 


5.   Fill,  put  into,  put  inside. 

Lineage,  «.  Progeny,  race,  family,  house,  gen- 
ealogy, descent,  line,  birth,  breed,  extraction. 

Lineal,  a.  I.  In  a  direct  line  {from  an  ancestor). 
2.   Linear,  in  the  direction  of  a  line 

Lineament,  «.  Q\x\Xvi\s^{  particularly  of  the  face), 
feature,  trait,  line. 

Linear,  a.     Lineal,  in  the  direction  of  a  line. 

Linen,  «.  I.  Cloth  of  flax,  flaxen  fabric,  linen 
cloth. 

2.  Thread  of  flax,  linen  thread. 

3.  Under-garments, 

Linger,  v.  «.     Loiter,   delay,  tarry,  lag,  saunter, 

be  slow,  wait  long,  remain  long. 
Lingering,  a.     I.    Delaying,  loitering. 

2.    Protracted,  prolonged. 
Linguiform,  a.   {Bot. )    Tongue-shaped,  lingulate. 
Linguist,  «.   Adept  in  languages,  linguistic  scholar. 
Linguistics,  «.     Glossology,  glottology,  science  of 

language,  linguistic  science.^ 
Lingulate,  a.   {Rot.)    Linguiform,  tongue-shaped. 
Liniment,  «.     Embrocation,  soft  ointment. 
Link,  n.     I.   Connective,  copula,  vinculum,  bond. 

2.  Member,  part,  step. 

3.  Ring,  division,  constituent  piece. 

Link,  V.  a.     Connect,  conjoin,  join,  unite,  bind, 

tie,  fasten,  fasten  together. 
Linseed,  «.     Flaxseed. 
Linsey-woolsey,  a.     I.   Of  linen  and  wool. 

2.   Vile,  mean,  worthless,  flimsy. 
Linsey-woolsey,  «.     I.    Cloth  of  linen  and  wool. 
2.    Motley    composition,    medley,     gibberish, 

jargon. 
Lintel,  «.      Head-piece  {of  a  doorframe  or  a 

window  fra  me) . 
Lion,  n.     I.   King  of  beasts. 

2.   Object  of   interest,  rare    spectacle,   sight, 

show. 
Lion-hearted,    a.      Brave,    courageous,    daring, 

intrepid,  dauntless,  bold,  valiant. 
Lion-llke,  a.     Leomne. 
Lion's  share.     Largest  portion,  greater  part. 
Lip,  n.     Edge  or  border  {of  the  mouth,  etc.). 
Lippitude.  «.     Blearedness,  dimsightedness. 
Liquefaction,   n.      Melting,   dissolving,   thawing, 

fusion,  dissolution. 
Liquefy,  v.  a.    Melt,  dissolve,  fuse,  make  liquid. 
Llque^,  V.  n.     Melt,  dissolve,  be  fused,  become 

liquid. 
Liqueur,  «.   [Fr.]    Cordial,  aromatized  spirit. 
Liquid,  a.    I.   Fluid. 

2.    Mellifluous,    dulcet,    soft,    clear,    flowing, 

melting. 
Liquid,  n.     Fluid,  liquor,  liquid  substance. 
Liquidate,  v.  a.     Settle,  adjust,  pay,   extinguish, 

pay  off,  clear  off. 
Liqtudation,    n.     Settlement,    discharge,   adjust> 

ment,  payment. 
Liquidity,  n.     Fluidity,  liquidness. 
LiquidnesS,  «.     Fluidity,  liquidity. 
Liquor,  «.     I.    Liquid,  fluid,  liquid  substance, 

2.   Spirituous   or  alcoholic    liquid,    spirituous 

liquor,  alcoholic  drink,  strong  drink. 
Liquor  of  flints.     Soluble  glass,  silicate  of  soda 

(or  of  potash). 
List,  n.     I.   Register,  roll,  catalogue,   inventory, 

schedule,  invoice. 

2.  Border,  bound,  limit. 

3.  Strip  {of  cloth,  on  the  edge),  selvage,  border,, 
edge. 

4.  {Arch.)    Fillet,  annulet,  listel. 

List,  V.  n.  Wish,  choose,  desire,  prefer,  like, 
please,  elect,  think  fit,  think  best,  think  proper. 

Listel,  ».   {Arch.)     Fillet,  annulet,  list. 

Listen,  v.  «.  Hearken,  hark,  hear,  attend,  give 
ear,  lend  an  ear,  incline  an  ear,  prick  up  the 
ears,  be  all  ear. 


LISTLESS 


255 


LOATHE 


Listless,    a.      Inattentive,     indifferent,   heedless, 

careless,    thoughtless. 
Lists,  M.  //.     Arena,  palaestra,  race-course. 
Literal,   a.     I.   As  regards  letters,  by  letter. 

2.  According  to  the  exact  meaning,  following 
the  exact  words,  strict,  exact,  verbatitn. 

3.  Following  the  exact  words. 
Literally,  ad.     I.  Really,  actually. 

2.   Exactly,  precisely,  rigorously,  strictly. 

Literary,  a.     I.    Of  literature  or  learning. 

2.    Learned,  lettered,  bookish,  well-read,  book- 
learned,  literate,  instructed,  erudite,  scholarly. 

Literate,  a.     Learned,  lettered. 

Literati,   «•      [L.    />/.]      Scholars,    the    learned, 
learned  men,  savants. 

Literatim,  ad.    [L.]    Letter  for  letter. 

Literature,  n.      I.   Learning,    erudition,   letters, 
lore. 

2.  The  humanities,  the  Muses,  belles-lettres, 
polite  literature. 

3.  Literary  productions,  literary  works. 
Lithe,  a.     Limber,  flexible,  flexile,  pliable,  pliant, 

supple. 

Lithesome,  a.     Pliant,  limber,   nimble,   lissome, 
lithe. 

LitUa,  n.    Oxide  of  lithium. 

LitMc,  a.     Stone,  stony. 

LithoMblion,  «.     Bibliolite,  lithophyl. 

Litigate,  v.  a.     Contest  in  law,  defend  in  a  law- 
suit. 

Litigate,  v.  «.     Dispute  in  law,  carry  on  a  law- 
suit. 

Litigatioil,  n.    Lawsuit,  suit  at  law,  judicial  con- 
test. 

Litigious,  a.     I.   Contentious,  disputatious,  quar- 
relsome. 
2.   Disputable,  controvertible. 

Litter,  «.    I.   Vehicle  with  a  bed  (borne  by  hand). 

2.  Bedding  of  straw,  hay,  etc 

3.  Shreds,  fragments,  waste  matter,  scattered 
rubbish. 

4.  Confusion,  disorder. 

5.  Brood. 

Litter,  v.  a.    I.  Cover  with  straw,  hay,  etc.,  for 
bedding. 

2.  Cover   with   things   negligently  scattered, 
strew,  scatter,  disorder,  derange. 

3.  Give  birth  to  (said  of  quadrupeds),  bring 
forth,  bear. 

Little,  a.     I.    Small  (m  size  or  extent),  minute, 
diminutive,  tiny. 

2.  Small  {in  quantity  or  amount). 

3.  Small  {in  dignity,  power,  or  importance), 
inconsiderable,  insignificant,  unimportant. 

4.  Brief,  short. 

5.  Inconsiderable,  petty,  slight,  trivial,  slen- 
der,  feeble,    moderate,   scanty,  weak,  small  {in 

force  or  efficiency). 

6.  Mean,  selfish,  narrow,  paltry,  contemptible, 
niggard,  illiberal,  small  {in  generosity). 

Little,  n.     I.   Small  quantity. 

2.  Miniature,  small  scale,  small  degree. 
Little,  ad.     Slightly,  in  a  small   degree,  in  some 

degree,  not  much. 
Little  Bear.    [With  The  prefixed.)    Lesser  Bear, 

Ursa  Minor. 
Liturgy,  «.     Ritual,  formulary  of  public  worship, 

agenda. 
Live,  V.  n.    I.   Exist,  have  being,   have  life,  be 

alive,  be  animated. 

2.  Remain,  continue,  endure,  be  p)ermanent, 
la.st,  survive. 

3.  Dwell,  abide,  reside. 

4.  Feed,  subsist,  be  nourished,  be  supported 
(with  on). 

5.  Subsist,  acquire  a  livelihood  (with  on  or 

h). 


6.  Enjoy  life,  be  happy. 

7.  Behave,  conduct  one's  self. 
Llye,  V.  a.     I.    Lead,  pass,  continue. 

2.   Practise,  put  in  practice. 
Liye,  a.     l.   Living,  alive,  animate,  quick. 

2.  Ignited,  burning,  hot. 

3.  Vivid,  bright,  lively,  glowing,  brilliant. 

4.  Earnest,  active,  wide-awake,  glowing,  ani- 
mated. 

Live  in  clover.  Luxuriate,  wanton,  revel,  live 
luxuriously. 

Livelihood,  n.  Maintenance,  support,  sustenance, 
subsistence,  living. 

Liveliness,  n.    I.  Sprightliness,  vivacity,  anima* 
tion,  spirit,  briskness,  activity. 
2.   Activity,  effervescence. 

Livelong,  a.    Lasting,  durable,  long-enduring. 

Livelong  day.     Entire  day. 

Lively,  a.  I.  Active,  agile,  nimble,  supple, 
brisk,  alert,  quick,  stirring,  smart,  vigorous,  viva- 
cious, energetic. 

2.  Animated,  spirited,  sprightly,  vivacious, 
airy,  gay,  blithe,  blithesome,  gleeful,  jocund, 
buoyant,  joyous,  frolicsome,  buxom,  jolly. 

3.  Living,  lifelike. 

4.  Vivid,  bright,  brilliant,  fresh,  glowing, 
strong,  clear. 

5.  Vigorous,  forcible,  strong,  energetic,  keen, 
nervous,  glowing,  sparkling,  racy,  piquant,  im- 
passioned. 

Liver-leaf,  «.     Liverwort,  Hepatica. 
Liverwort,  «.     Liver-leaf,  Hepatica. 
Livery,  «.     I.   Dress  {for  distinction,  as  of  ser- 
vants). 

2.  Release,  deliverance. 

3.  Ration,  allowance. 

4.  Dress,  covering,  outward  appearance,  garb. 
5*   Badge,  uniform. 

6.  (Law.)    Delivery. 

Live-stocky  n.      Stock,   domestic  animals  {on  a 

farm). 
Livid,  a.     Discolored  {as  flesh  by  a  bruise),  black 

and  blue,  lead-colored,  gray-blue. 
Living,  a.     I.    Existing,  live,  alive. 

2.    Quickening,  active,  lively. 
Living,  «.     I.    Livelihood,  maintenance,  support, 

subsistence,  keeping,  estate. 

2.  Benefice,  ecclesiastical  living. 

3.  Mode  of  life,  course  of  life,  manner  of  life. 
Lizlvinm,  n.    Lye. 

Lo,  interj.     Look,  see,  behold,  observe. 
Load,  «.     I.    Burden,  weight. 

2.  Lading,  cargo,  freight. 

3.  Encumbrance,  pressure,  clog,  incubus, 
drag  weight,  dead  weight,  oppression. 

4.  (Z\\V[%t  {of  a  fire-arm). 

5.  Weight,  violence  [of  blows). 

Load,  V.  a.  I.  Freight,  lade,  put  or  lay  a  load 
upon. 

2.  Encumber,  oppress,  burden,  weigh  down, 
cumber. 

3.  Charge  (as  a  gun). 

4.  Adulterate. 

Loadstar,  «.  [Written  also  Lodestar."]  Polestar, 
cynosure,  the  north  star,  guiding-star. 

Loadstone,  «.  (Written  also  Lodestone.]  Mag- 
net, natural  magnet. 

Loaf,  V.  n.     Lounge,  be  idle,  idle  away  one's  time. 

Loafer,  «.  Idler,  lounger,  vagabond,  idle  wan- 
derer, vagrant. 

Loam,  n.    Mould,  soil. 

Loan,  V.  a.     Lend. 

Loath,  a.  [Written  also  Loth.]  Relactant,  back- 
ward, unwilling,  averse,  disinclined,  indisposed. 

Loathe,  v.  a.     I.    Feel  disgust  at,  feel  nausea  at. 
2.   Abhor,   detest,   hate,   abominate,   feel  dis- 
gust at,  shrink  from,  recoil  from. 


LOATHING 


256 


LONG-HEADED 


Loathing:,  «.  Abhorrence,  aversion,  disgust,  de- 
testation, abomination,  hatred,  antipathy. 

Loathsome,  a.  I.  Disgusting,  sickening,  nau- 
seous, nauseating,  repulsive,  offensive,  revolting, 
palling. 

2.  Hateful,  detestable,  odious,  shocking, 
abominable,  abhorrent,  execrable. 

Loaves  and  fishes.     Gains,  rewards,  emoluments. 

Lobelia,  «.  Indian  tobacco  (a  name  of  the  North 
A  merican  species  ;  Lobelia  injiata). 

Lohlolly,  «.     VVater-gruel,  burgoo,  burgout. 

Local,  a.     Topical,  limited. 

Locale,  «.     Place,  spot,  location,  locality. 

Locality,  n.     Position,  situation,  place,  location. 

Locate,  v,  a.     I.    Place,  set,  establish,  fix,  settle. 

2.  Determine  the  place  of,  designate  the  site 
of. 

3.  Set  off  («j  tracts  o/  land),  fix  the  bounda- 
ries of. 

Locate,  v.  «,     Reside,  be  placed,  place  one's  self, 

settle. 
Location,  «.     I.    Situation,  place,  locality. 

2.   Locating,    establishing,    marking    out    the 

limits  or  boundaries. 
Loch,  n.     [Scotch.]    I.   Lake,  pond,  mere. 

2.  Creek,  inlet,  bay. 

3.  {Med.)  [Written  also  Locke,  Lohoch,  and 
Looch.]    Lambative,  lincture,  linctus. 

Lock,  n.     I.    Fastening. 

2.  Grapple,  hug. 

3.  Enclosure,  lock-up. 

4.  Weir-guard-lock. 

5.  hiit-lock  (of  a  canal). 

6.  Tuft,  tress,  ringlet. 

7.  Tuft,  flock,  plexus. 

8.  Handful. 

Lock,  V.  a.     I.   Fasten  (with  a  lock),  close  fast. 

2.  Confine  {fy  locking).,  shut  up,  lock  up. 

3.  Stop,  clog,  impede,  fasten. 

4.  Seal,  close,  press  together. 

5.  Join,  unite,  clasp. 

6.  Enclose,  encircle,  embrace,  clasp. 

LS^k^aw^'  !  "•     Trismus,  tetanus  {of  the  jaw). 

Lock  up.     I.   Clasp,  fasten,  lock,  close  fast. 
2.   Confine,  shut  up,  restrain. 

Locofoco,  «.     Lucifer  match. 

Locomotion,  n.    I.   Motion  {from  place  to  place), 
movement. 
2.   Power  of  moving. 

Locum  tenens.  [L.]  Deputy,  substitute,  lieuten- 
ant, agent,  proxy,  delegate,  representative. 

Locust,  n.  [U.  S,,  where  this  name  is  improp- 
erly applied  to  the  harvest- fly.]  Cicada,  harvest- 
fly. 

Locution,  n.     Discourse,  phrase,  mode  of  speech. 

Lode,  n.  [Written  also  Load.}  Metallic  vein, 
mineral  vein. 

Lodestar,  «.    See  Loadstar. 

Lodge,  fr.     I.   Hut. 

2.  Cottage,  cot,  small  house. 

3.  Den,  lair,  haunt,  cave. 

4.  Association  {as  of  Freemasons),  secret 
society. 

5.  Collection,  group. 

Lodg:e,  V.  a.     I.    Place,  put,  deposit,  set,  lay. 

2.  Plant,  infix,  fix,  settle,  place,  throw  in. 

3.  Harbor,  quarter,  cover,  provide  lodging 
for. 

4.  Lay  flat,  beat  down. 

Lodge,  z*.  ».     I.   Settle,  be  deposited,  be  fixed, 

2.  Inhabit  {for  a  season),  dwell,  live,  reside, 
abide,  rest. 

3.  Sojourn,  tarry,  rest,  stop,  stay,  remain, 
abide,  take  up  one's  quarters,  pitch  one's  tent, 
put  up,  take  lodgings,  have  lodgings. 

Lodgement,  n     I.    Accumulation,  collection. 


2.  Repository,  room,  lodging-place. 
Lodging,   n.     I.   Place  of    rest,     apartment    for 
sleeping. 

2.  Habitation  {for  a  season),  abode,  resi- 
dence, dwelling,  quarters,  dwelling-place,  place 
of  residence. 

3.  Harbor,  cover,  refuge,  shelter. 
Loftiness,  «.     I.    Height,  elevation,  altitude. 

2.  Pride,  haughtiness,  vanity,  arrogance. 

3.  Sublimity,  dignity,  grandeur. 
Lofty,  a-     I.    High,  elevated,  tall,  towering. 

2.  Proud,  haughty,  arrogant. 

3.  Sublime,  exalted,  elevated. 

4.  Stately,  dignified,  imposing,  majestic 
Logan,  ».     [Written  also  Loggan,  Loggan-stone.y 

Rocking-stone. 

Loggerhead,  n.  Simpleton,  dunce,  blockhead, 
dolt,  thick-skull. 

Logic,  «.  I.  Science  of  reasoning,  science  of  the 
laws  of  thought,  analysis  of  the  process  of  rea- 
soning. 

2.   Dialectics,  reasoning. 

Logical,  a.    I.  Of  logic. 

2.  Dialectical,  according  to  the  rules  of  logic, 
that  which  conforms  to  the  laws  of  thought, 
coherent,  consistent,  sound,  close. 

3.  Discriminating,  skilled  in  reasoning,  versed 
in  logic. 

LO|[Omachy,  n.  Dispute,  controversy,  argumenta- 
tive debate,  altercation,  bickering,  wrangling,  war 
of  words,  words. 

LogrWOOd,  n.     Campeachy  wood. 

Loins,  n.  pi.     Reins,  lumbar  region. 

Loiter,  v.  n.  Lag,  linger,  delay,  tarry,  saunter, 
dillydally,  move  slowly,  be  dilatory. 

Loiterer,  «.     Lingerer,  idler,  laggard. 

Loitering,  a.     Dilatory,  lingering. 

Loll,  V.  n.  I.  Lounge,  recline,  lean,  sprawl,  lie 
at  ease. 

2.    Hang  out,  hang  extended. 

Lollipop,  n.     Sugar-plum,  sweetmeat. 

Lone,  a.  I.  Solitary,  secluded,  lonely,  unfre- 
quented, deserted,  uninhabited,  unoccupied, 
lonesome,  retired. 

2.  Single,  solitary,  isolated,  lonely,  alone. 

3.  Single,  unmarried. 

Loneliness,  n.     I.   Solitariness,  seclusion,  solitude, 
retirement,  isolation. 
2.    Sadness,  desolateness,  dreariness. 

Lonely,  a.  I.  Apart,  retired,  solitary,  secluded, 
isolated,  sequestered,  remote,  dreary,  lone- 
some. 

2.  Lone,  alone,  solitary,  unaccompanied,  com- 
panionless. 

3.  Desolate,  dreary,  forsaken,  deserted, 
forlorn. 

Lonesome,  a.     I.   Solitary,   lonely,   secluded,   de- 
serted, lone. 
2.   Desolate,  cheerless,  dismal,  gloomy,  dreary. 
Long,  a.     I.   Lengthy,  drawn  out. 

2.  Protracted,  prolonged,  lengthy. 

3.  Extended,  in  extent. 

4.  Long-winded,  spun  out,  long-spun,  tedious, 
prolix,  diffuse. 

5.  Lingering,  longing. 

6.  Far-seeing,  far-reaching,  extensive. 

7.  Slow,  dilatory,  slack,  lingering,  tardy. 
Long,  ad.     I.   To  a  great  extent. 

2.  A  long  time,  for  a  long  time. 

3.  Throughout,  all  along. 
Long-hreathed,  a.     Long-winded. 

Longe,  «    and  V.  n.    [Fr.]     Pass,  thrust,  allonge, 

lunge. 
Long  for.     Crave,  hanker  for,  hanker  after,  lust 

after,   pine   for,  have  a  longing  for,   yearn   for, 

aspire  after,  desire  earnestly. 
Long-headed,  a.    Sagacious,  discerning,    intelli- 


LONG  HOME 


257 


LORE 


eent,  acute,  shrewd,  clear-sighted,  keen-sighted, 

fer-seeing,  perspicacious. 
Long  borne.    The  tomb,  the  sepulchre,  the  grave, 

narrow  house,  death. 
Longing:,   «.     Craving,    yearning,  earnest  desire, 

eager  desire,  aspiration. 
Longitude, «.    Length. 

Longnltudinal]y»  ad.    Lengthwise,  from  end  to  end. 
Long-sighted,  a.     I.    Far-sighted. 

2.   Sagacious,  far-seeing,  discerning. 
Long-spun,   a.     Lengthy,   tedious,   long-winded, 

spun  out. 
Long-suffering,   a.      Forbearing,     patient,     en- 
during. 
Long-suffering,     «.      Forbearance,      clemency, 

patient   endurance  {of  injuries). 
Long-tongued,  a.     Prating,  babbling,  loquacious 
Longways,  ad.     Longwise,  lengthwise. 
Long-Winded,  a.     I.   Long-breathed. 

2.  Protracted,  prolonged,  spun  out 

3.  Tedious,  wearisome. 

Looby,  n.     Lubber,  lout,  clumsy  fellow. 
Look,  V.  n.    I.  Direct  the  eye,  gaze. 

2.  Turn  the  thoughts,  apply  the  mind,  con- 
sider, examine,  contemplate. 

3.  Expect^  await,  anticipate. 

4.  Mind,     consider,    take    care,    take    heed, 
watch. 

5.  Front,  face,  be  turned,  be  directed. 

6.  Appear,  seem. 

7>   Have  an  air,  assume  a  manner. 
Look,  V.  a.     Influence  by  looks. 
Look,  interj.     See,  lo,  behold,  take  notice,  observe. 
Look,  n.     I.   Gaze,  glance. 

2.  Appearance,  aspect,  complexion. 

3.  Mien,  manner,  air,  aspect. 

Look  after.     I.   Attend  to,  take  care  of,  see  to. 

2.  Seek,  search  for,  look  for. 

3.  Expect,  wait  for. 

Look  down  upon.    Despise,  contemn,  spurn,  re- 
gard with  contempt. 

Look  for.    I.  Expect. 

2.   Search,  seek,  look  afler. 

Looking-glass,  «.     Mirror. 

Look  in  the  face.     Face,  meet  boldly. 

Look  into.     Investigate,  examine,  study,  consider, 
inspect  closely,  observe  narrowly. 

Look  on.     I.   Be  a  spectator. 

2.  Regard,  esteem. 

3.  Consider,  view,  conceive  of,  think. 
Look  out.  {Active.)    Search  for,  look  up. 

Look  out.   {Neuter. )     Be  on  the  watch,  be  on  one's 
guard,  beware,  be  circumspect. 

Look  over.     Examine,  cast  the  eye  over,  scrutinize. 

Look   sharp.     Be    vigilant,  have  all  one's  eyes 
about  one. 

Look  through.     Penetrate,  solve. 

Look  to.     I.   Watch,  take  care  of,  look  after. 
2.   Rely  on,  depend  on. 

Look  up.     Search  for,  look  out. 

Look  upon.     Regard,  consider,  esteem,  look  on. 

Look  up  to.     Respect,  honor,  defer  to,  think  much 
of,  think  highly  of. 

Loon,   n.      I.  {Ornitk.)     Great    northern  diver, 
ember-goose  {Columbus  glacialis). 

2.  Simpleton,  fool,  dunce,  blockhead,  logger- 
head. 

Loop,  «.     I.    Noose,  bight 

2.  Link,  crook,  bend,  turn. 

3.  Loophole,  aperture. 

Looper,  n.    Canker-worm,  span-worm,  geometer. 

Loophole,  n.     I.    Opening  {in  the  wall  of  a  forti- 
fication) ^  aperture,  loop. 

2.   Plea,    pretext,   pretence,   excuse,   way  for 
evasion,  way  of  escape,  loop. 

Loose,  V.  a.     I.    Unfasten,  untie,  unbind,  unloose, 
set  free. 


2.  Relax,  loosen. 

3.  Release,  liberate,  free,  set  free. 

4.  Detach,  disconnect,  disengage. 

5.  Unfasten,  undo,  unlock. 

6.  Remit,  absolve. 

Loose,  a.     I.   Unbound,  untied,  unsewed,  uncoo* 
fined,  unfastened. 

2.  Free,  unattached. 

3.  Movable. 

4.  Slack,  relaxed. 

5.  Open,  incompact. 

6.  Prolix,  rambling,  diffusive,  unconnected, 
diffuse. 

7.  Vague,  indefinite,  indistinct,  indeterminate, 
ill-defined. 

8.  Lax. 

9.  Lax,  careless,  slack,  negligent,  heedless. 

10.  Easy,  comfortable. 

11.  Disengaged,  tree,  unengaged  (with  from 
or  of). 

12.  Immoral,  dissolute,  unchaste,  wanton, 
licentious. 

Loosen,  v.   a.      I.  Slacken,    relax,   make    loose, 
make  less  tight. 

2.  Release,  unloose,  loose,  let  loose,  free. 

3.  Make  lax  {as  the  dowels),  relax. 

4.  Alienate,  separate- 
Looseness,  ».     I.   Slackness,  easiness. 

2.  Laxity,  levity. 

3.  Irregularity. 

4.  Lewdness,  unchastity,  wantonness,  wick- 
edness. _ 

5.  Diarrhoea,  flux,  laxity. 

6.  Openness,  laxity. 
Loot,  «.     Booty,  plunder,  spoil. 
Loot,  V.  a.     Plunder,  ransack,  rifle. 
Lop,  V.  a.     I.   Cut,  cut  off,  obtruncate. 

2.  Dock,  crop,  curtail,  prune,  cut  short. 

3.  Sever,  dissever,  detach,  cut  off. 

4.  Drop,  let  fall. 
Loppard,  n.     Pollard. 

Lopper,    V.    a.      Curdle,    coagulate,    spoil,    sour, 

clot. 
Loquacious,  a.     I.   Talkative,  garrulous,  voluble. 

2.  Speaking,  noisy,  talking. 

3.  Blabbing,  babbling,  tattling,  tell-tale. 
Loquacity,   «.      Talkativeness,  garrulity,    gift  of 

gab,  loquaciousness,  chattering,  volubility,  mul- 
tiloquence. 
Lord,  «.      I.    Master,  ruler,  governor,  sovereign, 
king,  monarch,  superior,  prince. 

2.  Noble,  nobleman,  peer. 

3.  Husband,  spouse. 

4.  God,  Jehovah.    See  God 

5.  Christ,  the  Saviour,  the  Master. 

Lord  it  over. )      Rule,  rule  over,  domineer  over. 
Lord  over.      )      play  the  lord 
Lordliness,  n.     I.  Dignity,  majesty. 

2.   Pride,  haughtiness. 
Lordly,  a.     I.  Dignified,  majestic,  grand,  noble, 
lofty. 

2.  Proud,  haughty,  domineering,  imperious, 
overbearing,  insolent,  tyrannical,  despotic,  ar- 
rogant. 

3.  Large,  liberal,  noble. 

Lordly,   ad.     Proudly,    imperiously,   despotically, 
haughtily. 

Lord's-day,  «.     Sunday,  the  Christian  Sabbath, 
first  day  of  the  week,  the  day  of  rest. 

Lordship,  «.     I.    Authority,  dominion,  rule,  sway, 
command,  control,  government,  direction,  domi- 
nation, empire,  sovereignty. 
2.    Manor,  seigniory,  domain. 

Lord's-prayer,  «.    Pater  noster. 

Lord'S-SUpper,  n.     Eucharist,  communion,  sacra- 
ment, Christian  sacrament. 

Lore,  n.     I.  Learning,  erudition,  knowledge. 


17 


LORGNETTE 


258 


LOWERY 


2.  Instruction,  counsel,  admonition,  teaching, 
doctrine,  lesson,  wisdom,  advice. 

Lorenette,  «.    Opera-glass. 

Loriotf  «.  Witwall,  golden  oriole  {of  Europe ; 
Oriolus  galbula). 

Lorn,  a.  {Poetical.)  Lost,  undone,  forsaken,  de- 
serted, lone,  bereft,  lonely. 

Lose,  V.  a.  I.  Be  deprived  of,  fail  to  keep,  let 
slip,  let  slip  through  the  fingers. 

2.  Forfeit,  fail  to  win,  fail  to  obtain. 

3.  Waste,  squander,  misspend,  throw  away, 
make  no  use  of. 

4.  Deprive,  dispossess  of. 

5.  Displace,  dislodge,  displant. 

6.  Miss,  wander  from. 

7.  Perplex,  bewilder,  confuse. 

8.  Ruin,  destroy. 

9.  Be  bereaved  of,  be  deprived  of. 

Lose,  V.  n.     I.    Forfeit,  fail  to  win,  be  defeated. 

2.  Succumb,  decline,  fail,  suffer  by  comparison, 
yield. 
Lose  caste.     Be  disgraced. 
Lose  ground.     I.    Fall  behind. 

2.  Decline,  lose  credit. 
Lose  heart.    Despair,    be  discouraged,  give    up 

hope. 
Lose  one's  heart.    Fall  in  love. 
Lose  one's  self.     I.   Be  bewildered. 

2.   Slumber,  fall  asleep. 
Losing, ».    Loss. 
Loss,  n.     I.   Privation,  deprivation,  forfeiture. 

2.  Forfeiture,  failure  to  win. 

3.  Destruction,  overthrow,  damage,  detriment, 
ruin,  defeat,  injury,  damage,  disadvantage. 

4.  Waste,  squandenng. 

Lost,  a.    I.    Missing,  not  to  be  found. 

2.  Forfeited,  missed. 

3.  Misspent,  wasted,  squandered,  dissipated, 
thrown  away. 

4.  Bewildered,  confused,  perplexed,  puzzled, 
distracted. 

5.  Abstracted,  preoccupied,  absent,  absent- 
minded,  dreamy,  napping. 

6.  Depraved,  corrupt,  abandoned,  profligate, 
dissolute,  reprobate,  graceless,  shameless,  obdu- 
rate, hardened,  incorrigible,  irreclaimable. 

7.  Invisible,  imperceptible. 

8.  Ruined,  destroyed. 

Lost  to.    Insensible  to,  unconscious  of. 
Lot,  n.     I.   Destiny,  doom,  allotment,  apportion- 
ment, fate. 

2.  Chance,  hazard,  fortune,  hap,  haphazard, 
accident,  fate. 

3.  Portion,  parcel,  division,  part. 

4.  Piece  of  land. 

5.  {Collog.)    Great  quantity,  great  number. 
Lot,  V.  a.     Allot,  assign,  distribute,  sort,  portion, 

catalogue. 

Loth,  a.  Unwilling,  disliking,  disinclined,  re- 
luctant. 

Lothario,  «.     Libertine,  seducer,  deceiver. 

Lotion,  «.     Wash. 

Loud,  a.     I.   Resounding,  high-sounding,  noisy. 

2.  Deafening,  stunning,  stentorian. 

3.  Clamorous,  vociferous,  boisterous,  noisy, 
obstreperous,  tumultuous,  turbulent. 

4.  Vehement,  emphatic,  positive,  emphatical, 
impressive. 

5.  Flashy,  showy  (collog.). 
Loud,  ad.     Loudly. 
Loudly,  ad.     I.   Loud,  noisily. 

2.  Clamorously,  vehemently. 

3.  Ostentatiously,  showily  {collog.). 
Loudness,   ».     I.   Clamor,   clamorousness,   turbu- 
lence, uproar. 

2.   Ostentation,  flashiness,  showiness  {collog.). 
Lounge,  v.  n.     l.  Recline,  loll. 


2.   Loll,  dawdle,  live  lazily,  loaf. 
Lounger,  n.     Idler,  loiterer,  trifler. 
Lout,   n.     Bumpkin,   clown,  boor,  lubber,  clumsy 

fellow,  awkward  fellow,  booby,  clodhopper. 
Loutish,  a.     Clownish,   rude,   boorish,  awkward, 

lubberly. 
Lovable,  a.    Amiable,  sweet,  winning. 
Love,   V.  a.    I.   Have  affection  for,  regard  with 

affection,  delight  in,  be  fond  of 

2.  Have  a  passionate  affection  for,  be  in  love 
with,  be  enamoured  of. 

3.  Like,  be  pleased  with. 
Love,  V.  n.    Delight,  take  pleasure. 

Love,  «.    I.   Affection,  affectionate  regard,  friend- 
ship, kindness,  tenderness,  fondness,  delight. 

2.  Attachment,  passionate  affection,  the  tender 
passion. 

3.  Liking,  fondness,  inclination,  devotion, 
strong  attachment. 

4.  Lover,  sweetheart. 

5.  Cupid,  god  of  love,  Eros. 

6.  Venus,  Aphrodite,  goddess  of  love. 

7.  Good-will,  benevolence,  charity. 
Love-apple,  «.     Tomato  {Ly coper sicum  esculeti' 

turn  or  Solanutn  lycopersicum). 

Love-child,  ».     Bastard,  illegitimate  child,  natu- 
ral child. 

Love-feasts, «.  //.    Agapae. 

Love-letter,  n.     Billet-doux. 
Loveliness,  ».     I.  Amiableness. 

2.   Beauty,  beautifulness. 
Lovely,   a.      I.     Beautiful,    pleasing,    delightfiil, 
charming,  enchanting,  winning,  sweet,  delectable. 

2.   Amiable,  admirable. 
Loving,  a.    Affectionate,  fond,  kind. 
Loving-cup,  n.     Grace-cup. 
Loving-kindness,  «.    Mercy,  favor,  tenderness, 

tender  regard. 
Low,  a.     I.   Depressed. 

2.  Grave,  gentle,  subdued,  soft. 

3.  Cheap,  reasonable. 

4.  Humble,  mean,  plebeian,  vulgar. 

5.  Abject,  degraded,  servile,  slavish,  menial, 
mean,  base,  ignoble,  grovelling,  vile,  base- 
minded,  low-minded,  shabby,  scurvy,  dirty. 

6.  Dishonorable,  disreputable,  derogatory,  un- 
handsome, unbecoming,  disgraceful,  unmanly, 
ungentlemanly,  undignified. 

7.  Moderate. 

8.  Weak,  exhausted,  reduced,  feeble. 

9.  Plain,  simple,  frugal,  spare,  poor. 

10.  Deep. 

11.  Submissive,  humble,  reverent,  lowly. 

12.  Dejected,  depressed,  dispirited,  cast  down. 
Low,  ad.     I.   Whh  little  elevation. 

2.  Near  the  ground. 

3.  To  a  reduced  state,  in  a  low  condition. 

4.  Softly,  in  a  low  tone. 

5.  Cheaply,  at  a  moderate  price. 
Low,  V.  n.     Bellow,  moo. 

Low,  n.     Moo,  lowing. 

Low-hom,  a.    Of  mean  birth,  of  low  extraction 
Low-hred,  a.     Vulgar,  unrefined,  coarse. 
Lower,  v.  a.     I.  Depress,   drop,   sink,  let  down, 
bring  down,  take  down. 

2.  Degrade,  debase,  disgrace,  humble,  humili- 
ate, reduce. 

3.  Lessen,  diminish,  reduce,  decrease. 
Lower,  v.  «.     Fall,  sink,  diminish,  decrease,  grow 

less,  subside. 
Lower,  v.  n.    I.   Grow  dark,  be  clouded,  appear 

gloomy,  appear  stormy. 
2.   Frown,  glower,  look  sullen,  look  black. 
Lowering,  a.     Cloudy,   clouded,   overcast,  lurid, 

murky,  threatening,  lowery,  dark. 
Lowermost,  a.     Lowest. 
Loweiy,  a.    See  Lowering. 


LOWING 


259 


LUPINE 


towlngf,  «•    Low,  moo,  bellowing,  cry  of  cattle. 
Lowliness,  n.     I.    Humility,   humbleness,   meek- 
ness, self-abasement,  submissiveness. 
2.   Lowness,  meanness,  abjectness. 
Lowly,  a.    I.   Low. 

2.  Humble. 

3.  Mean,  low. 

4.  Modest,  unpretending,  meek,  humble, 
mild. 

Low-minded,  n.  Base-minded,  base,  mean,  ser- 
vile, vile,  grovelling,  slavish,  abject,  low. 

Low-priced,  a.     Low,  cheap. 

Low-spirited,  a.  Dispirited,  dejected,  depressed, 
disheartened,  discouraged,  down-hearted,  de- 
sponding, cast  down. 

Low  spirits.  Dejection,  dejectedness,  depression, 
despondency,  hypochondria,  melancholy,  hypo- 
chondriasis. 

Loyal,  a.     Faithful,  true,  devoted,  constant. 

Loyalty,  n.  Allegiance,  fealty,  fidelity,  faithful- 
ness, constancy- 
Lozenge,  «.  I.  Rhomb,  rhombus,  oblique-angled 
parallelogram  {with  equal  sides),  diamond. 

2.  Troche. 

Lubber,  n.  Clown,  boor,  lout,  clumsy  fellow, 
awkward  fellow. 

Lubberly,  a.  Clumsy,  awkward,  clownish,  bung- 
ling. 

Lnbnc,      \a.     I.    Slippery,  smooth. 

Lubrical,  i         2,   Wavering,  unsteady,  uncertain. 

3.  Lascivious,  wanton,  lewd,  libidinous,  licen- 
tious, lecherous,  unchaste,  impure,  incontinent, 
salacious,  lustful. 

Lubricate,  v.  a.     Smooth,  make  slippery. 
Lubricity,  «.     I.    Smoothness,  slipperiness. 

2.  Instability,  uncertainty,  unsteadiness,  slip- 
periness. 

3.  Lasciviousness,  lewdness,  lechery,  incon- 
tinency,  licentiousness. 

Lubricous,  a.     I,   Smoothy,  slippery,  lubric. 

2.  Wavering,  unstable,  uncertain,  lubric. 

3.  Lascivious,  lewd,  wanton,  licentious, 
impure,  salacious,  unchaste,  incontinent,  lecher- 
ous. 

Luce,  n.     Pike,  pickerel,  true-jack  {Esox  luctus). 
Lucent,  <z.     Shining,  bright,  resplendent,  brilliant, 

glittering,  beaming,  luminous,  effulgent 
Lucid,  a.    I.   Shining,  radiant,  bright,   beaming, 

resplendent,  brilliant,  luminous. 

2.  Clear,  transparent,  pure,  pellucid,  limpid, 
diaphanous,  crystalline,  luculent. 

3.  Distinct,  intelligible,  perspicuous,  plain, 
clear,  rational,  luculent. 

4.  Sane,  sober,  sound  {in  mind),  reason- 
able. 

Lucidity,  «.  I.  Brightness,  clearness,  transpar- 
ency, lucidness. 

2.  Intelligibility,  clearness,  perspicuity,  trans- 
parency, plainness,  lucidness. 

Ludfer,  «.  I.  Venus,  Phosphorus,  the  morning 
star. 

2.  Satan,  Belial,  Apollyon,  Devil,  Arch-fiend, 
the  Tempter,  the  Evil  One,  the  Man  of  Sin, 
the  Wicked  One,  the  Old  Serpent,  the  Prince  of 
Darkness,  the  Foul  Fiend,  the  Enemy,  the 
Author  of  Evil. 

Lucifer  match.     Locofoco  match,  lucifer. 

Luck,  n.     I.   Chance,  fortune,   hazard,  hap,  hap- 
hazard, fate,  accident,  casualty. 
2.    Success,  good  fortune. 

Luckily,  ad.  Fortunately,  by  good  luck,  as  good 
luck  would  have  it. 

Luckless,  a.  Unfortunate,  unlucky,  unprosper- 
ous,  unsuccessful,  ill-fated,  ill-starred,  unpropi- 
tious,  unhappy. 

Lucky,  a.  I.  Fortunate  {in  an  unexpected  way), 
happy,  blessed,  favored,  successful. 


2.  Prosperous,  auspicious,  propitious,  favcra- 

ble,  fortunate. 
Lucrative,  a.     Profitable,  remunerative,  gainful, 

paying. 
Lucre,  «.    Gain,  profit,  emolument,  pelf,  riches, 

wealth,  mammon,  greed. 
Lucubration,  ».    I.    Study  {by  night),  meditation, 

speculation,  co^itation^  nocturnal  study. 
2.   Composition,  writing,  work, 
Luculent,  a.    I.  Lucid,  clear,  transparent,  bright, 

luminous,  pellucid. 
2.  Clear,    evident,    unmistakable,    luminous, 

lucid,  perspicuous,  plain. 
Ludicrous,  a.     Laughable,  comical,   comic,  odd, 

ridiculous,  droll,  funny,  farcical,  absurd,  sportive, 

burlesque. 
Lug,  V.  a.     Pull,  tug,  haul,  drag. 
Luggage,  «.    I.   Baggage,  bag  and  baggage. 

2.    Effects,  things,  siuff,  traps  {colioq.). 
Lugubrious,    a.       Mournful,    sorrowful,    doleful, 

sad,  gloomy,  melancholy,  complaining. 
Lukewarm,  a.     I.  Tepid,   blood-warm,   slightly 

warm,  thermal. 
2.   Indifferent,     unconcerned,    listless,     cold, 

torpid,  dull. 
Lull,  V.  a.    Compose,  quiet,  calm,  still,  hush,  tran- 

auillize,  put  to  rest. 
Lull,  V.  n.     Subside,  cease,  abate,  decrease,  dimin- 
ish, become  calm. 
Lull,  n.    Calm,  calmness,  temporary  quiet,  cessa- 
tion. 
Lullaby,  «•     Cradle-song. 
Lumbag^o,  «.     {Med.)    Lumbar  rheumatism. 
Lumbar  region.     Loins,  reins. 
Lumber,  «.     I.  Trash,  trumpery,  rubbish,  refuse. 

2.  [i/.  S.\    Sawed  or  split  timber. 
Lumber,  v.  a.     I.    Heap  in  disorder. 

2.   Fill  with  trumpery,  choke,  crowd,  obstruct, 

encumber. 
Lumber,  v.  n.     I.   Trudge,  move  heavily. 

2.  Rumble. 

3.  [U.   S.]      Cut   timber,  prepare    logs   for 
lumber. 

Lumbering,  a.     I.   Trudging,  moving  slowly. 

2.   Cumbrous,  cumbersome,  clumsy,  awkward, 
unwieldy,  ponderous. 
Luminous,  a.     I.   Shining,  radiant,  resplendent. 

2.  Bright,  brilliant,  clear. 

3.  Lucid,  clear,  perspicuous,  luculent,  plain. 
Lump,  n.     I.    Shapeless  mass. 

2.   Whole,  gross,  aggregate. 

Lump,  V.  a.    Throw  into  an  aggregate,  take  in  the 
gross. 

Lumper,  «.      Laborer  {employed  in  loading  or  k«- 
loading  a  ship),  loader. 

Lump-fish,  n.     Lump-sucker,  sea-owl. 

Lumpish,  a.     I.    Hea%ry,  gross,  bulky. 
2.   Dull,  heavy,  stupid,  gross,  inactive. 

Lump-sucker,    «•     Lump-fish,    sea-owl    {Cyclop- 
terus  lutnpus). 

Lunacy,  «.     Insanity,  madness,  mania,  derange- 
ment, craziness,  mental  aberration,  crack. 

Lunaria,  «.    Moonwort,  honesty,  lunary  (Lunaria 
rediviva). 

Lunated  I  '*'    ('^'^•)    Crescent-shaped,  lunular. 
Lunatic,  a.     Insane,  mad,  deranged,  crazy. 
Lunatic,    n.    Madman,    maniac,    insane    person, 

crack. 
Lunatic    asylum.      Madhouse,    bedlam,     insane 

asylum,  insane  hospital,  hospital  for  the  insane. 
Lunch,  n.     Luncheon. 
Luncheon,  n.     Lunch,  slight  repast,  tiffin. 
Lune,  n.     Crescent,  half-moon. 
Lunge,  n.     Pass,  thrust,  allonee,  longe. 
Lungwort,  «.     Virginia  cowslip. 
Lupine,  a.    Wolfish,  ravenous. 


LURCH 


260 


MACHIAVELISM 


Lurch,  v.  a.  I.  Rob,  deprive  of,  outstrip  in  ac- 
quiring. 

2.  Steal,  appropriate,  take  privily,  filch,  pur- 
loin, pilfer. 

3.  Deceive,  disappoint,  leave  in  the  lurch,  de- 
feat, evade. 

Lurcll,  V.  n.  I.  Lurk,  skulk,  lie  close,  lie  in 
ambush. 

2.  Shift,  play  tricks,  contrive,  dodge. 

3.  {.Naut.)    Roll  suddenly. 
Lurcher,  «.     Glutton,  gormandizer. 

Lore,  «.     Enticement,  bait,  attraction,  allurement, 

decoy,  temptation. 
Lure,  V.  a.     Entice,  allure,  attract,  decoy,  tempt, 

seduce,  inveigle. 
Lurid,  a.     Gloomy,  murky,  ghastly,  dismal,  pale, 

lowering. 
Lurk,  V.  ti.     I.  Lie  hid,  lie  concealed,  lie  in  wait, 

lurch. 
2.   Skulk,  keep  out  of  sight,  keep  out  of  the 

way. 
Lurking-hole,    \ «.     Ambush,     ambuscade,     re- 
Lurking-place,  j      treat,  cover,  hiding-place,  den, 

hole. 
Luscious,   a.     I.    Delicious,    savory,    palatable, 

grateful,  pleasing,  delightful. 

2.  Honeyed,  excessively  sweet,  cloying, 
sugary. 

3.  Unctuous,  fulsome,  rank,  nauseous. 
Lusciousness,  n.    Sweetness,  deliciousness,  pleas- 
antness, honey. 

Lusern, «.    Lynx. 

Lush,  a.  Juicy,  succulent,  watery,  sappy,  moist, 
full  of  juice,  fresh,  luxuriant. 

Lust,  «.  I.  Cupidity,  inordinate  desire,  longing 
desire,  eagerness  to  possess. 

2.  Concupiscence,  carnality,  lechery,  salacious- 
ness,  salacity,  lubricity,  wantonness,  lascivious- 
ness,  carnal  desire,  brutal  appetite. 

Lust  after.     I.  Long  for,  desire  eagerly  or  inor- 
dinately. 
2.   Have  carnal  desire  for. 

Lustful,  a.  Concupiscent,  libidinous,  lubric, 
lubricous,  salacious,  lecherous,  lascivious,  licker- 
ish, carnal,  licentious. 

Lustily,  ad.     Vigorously,    strongly. 

Lustration,  n.  I.  Purification,  cleansing,  wash- 
ing. 

2.  {Anttg.)  Religious  purification,  ceremony 
of  purification,  lustrum. 

Lustre,  n.  I.  Brightness,  brilliancy,  splendor, 
gleam,  radiance,  resplendence,  glitter. 

2.  Distinction,  repute,  renown,  eminence, 
celebrity,  glory,  honor,  iclat. 

3.  Chandelier,  candelabrum. 


4.   Lustrum,  five  years. 

Lustrous,  a.     Bright,  shining,  beaming,  luminous, 
radiant,  brilliant. 

Lustrum,  «.     I.   Lustration,  purification,  ceremo- 
nial cleansing. 
2.    Lustre,  five  years. 

LustWOrt,  n.    (Bot.)    Sundew  {Drosera). 

Lusty,  a.     I.   Stout,  vigorous,  robust,  heaUhful, 
lively,  strong,  sturdy. 
2.   Bulky,  large,  corpulent,  fat,  burly,  stout. 

LUSUS  naturae.     [L.]     Freak  of  nature,  monster. 

Luthem,  «.     Dormer,  dormer-window,  lucarne. 

LutOSe,  a.     Muddy,  turbid. 

Luxate,  v.  a.    Dislocate,  disjoint,  displace,  put 
out  of  joint. 

Luxation,  «.    Displacement  {of  a  joint),  disloca- 
tion, disjointing. 

Luxuriance,  )  «.     Exuberance,    superabundance, 

Luxuriancy,  j      profusion,  rank  growth. 

Luxuriant,    a.      Exuberant,   profuse,  superabun- 
dant, plentiful,  plenteous. 

Luxuriate,  v.  «.     I.    Flourish,  grow  luxuriantly. 

2.  Revel,  wanton,    live    luxuriously,    live    in 
clover. 

3.  Delight,  indulge  to  excess,  revel. 
Luxurious,  a.    Voluptuous,  epicurean,  effeminate, 

sensual,  intemperate,  self-indulgent. 
Luxuriously,  ad.     Voluptuously,   in    luxury,    in 

clover,  on  velvet,  on  a  bed  of  roses,  in  the  lap  of 

luxury. 
Luxuiy,    «.     I.    Voluptuousness,    luxuriousness, 

sensuality,     epicurism,    effeminacy,    sensuality, 

animalism. 

2.  Pleasure,    gratification,     enjoyment,     de- 
light. 

3.  Dainty,  treat,  delicacy. 
Lydian,  a.    I.  OfLydia. 

2.   Soft,  effeminate,  voluptuous. 

Lydian-Stone,  «.    Touchstone,  criterion,  basanite. 

Lye,  n.     Lixivium. 

Lying,  a.     I.   False,  mendacious,  untruthful,  un- 
true. 
2.  Recumbent. 

Lying, «.     Falsehood. 

Lying  in.    Childbirth. 

L3nnphatic,  a.    I.  Enthusiastic,  frantic,  raving, 
mad,  insane,  wild. 
2.   Pertaining  to  lymph. 

Lyn,  n.     Waterfall,  lin,  cascade. 

Lynch  law.    Mob  law. 

Lynx-eyed,  a.     Sharp-sighted,  eagle-eyed,  hawk- 
eyed,  keen-eyed,  Argus-eyed. 

Lyric,  n.     Lyric  poem. 

Lysimachia,  n.     Loosestrife. 

LS^Ssa,  n.    Hydrophobia. 


M 


Macaroni,  n.    I.  Italian  paste,  Genoese  paste. 

2.  Medley,  extravaganza. 

3.  Droll,  fool,  jester,  merry-andrew,  scara- 
mouch. 

4.  Beau,  exquisite,  fop,  popinjay,  dandy,  cox- 
comb, jackanapes,  jack-a-dandy,  man  milliner, 
man  of  dress,  vain  fellow. 

Macaronic,  a.     Empty,  trifling,  vain,  affected. 

Macaronic  verse.    Doggerel. 

Mace,  n.     I.   Metal  club. 

2.   Truncheon,  staff,  b&ton. 
Blacerate,  v.  a.     I.   Make  lean,  wear  away. 

2.  Harass,  mortify,  subject  to  hardships,  torture. 


3.  Soften  {By  steeping),  steep,  soak,  digest. 

Maceration,  n.     I.   Mortification. 
2.   Softening,  steeping,  soaking. 

MacMavelian,  a.  Artful,  de.signing,  insidious, 
sly,  shrewd,  astute,  subtle,  diplomatic,  arch,  in- 
triguing, cunning,  crafty,  wily,  crooked,  tricky, 
deceitful. 

Machiavelianism,  [  n.     Duplicity,  chicane,  guile, 

Machiavelism,  J  chicanery,  trickery,  cun- 
ning, circumvention,  deceit,  deception,  artifice, 
dissimulation,  double-dealing,  hocus-pocus,  shift- 
ing, quibbling,  stratagem,  roguery,  craft,  subtlety, 
insidiousness. 


MACHINATE 


261 


MAIN 


Machinate,  v.  a.  Plan,  contrive,  form,  plot, 
scheme,  devise. 

Machination,  n.  Plot,  complot,  conspiracy,  in- 
trigue, cabal,  stratagem,  trick,  design,  contriv- 
ance, artifice,  scheme. 

Machine,  n.     I.   Engine,  instrument  of  force. 

2.  Tool,  instrument,  puppet. 

3.  Organization,  system. 

4.  Machinery,  supernatural  agency. 
Machinery,  «.     I.    Enginery,  mechanism. 

2.    Supernatural  agency  (/«/<7*»m). 

Macilent,  a.     Lean,  thin,  spare. 

Macrobiotic,  a.     Long-lived. 

Macrocosm,  «•    Universe,  great  world. 

Maculate,  v.  a.     Spot,  stain,  blur,  blotch. 

Maculate,    a.      I.   Spotted,    blotted,     maculose, 
blurred,  blotched. 
2.   Defiled,  impure,  corrupt,  unclean. 

Mad,  a.  I.  Insane,  crazy,  crazed,  distracted,  lu- 
natic, delirious,  deranged,  demented,  maniac, 
maniacal. 

2.  Furious,  enraged,  raging. 

3.  Angry,  exasperated,  provoked,  incensed, 
enraged,  wrathful,  furious. 

4.  Infatuated,  distracted,  wild. 

5.  Frenzied,  frantic,  raving,  distracted. 

i1&J'S^!SLi   U     Hot-headed,  rash. 
Mad-brained,  J  ' 

Madcap,  n.     Hotspur,  blood,  hot-headed  person. 
Madden,  v.  a.     Irritate,  provoke,  enrage,  mfuriate, 

craze,  exasperate,  inflame,  make  mad,  drive  mad, 

turn  one's  head,  lash  into  fury,  make  one's  blood 

boil. 
Madhouse,   n.     Bedlam,  lunatic  hospital,   lunatic 

asylum,  hospital  for  the  insane. 
Madid,  a.     Wet,  moist,  dewy,  drenched,  dank. 
Madman,  n.     Lunatic,  maniac,  bedlamite,  insane 

person,  crazy  person. 
Madness,  n.     I.   Insanity,  derangement,  craziness, 

lunacy,  distraction,  mental  aberration,  mania. 
2.   Frenzy,  fury,  rage,  delirium,  franticness. 
Madligal,  n.     Amorous  poem. 
Maelstrom,  n.     Whirlpool. 

Magazine,  «.     I.  Warehouse,  storehouse,  recep- 
tacle, depository,  repository,  entrepbt,  cUpbt. 
2.   Periodical  pamphlet. 
Maggot,  «.     I.    Grub,  worm. 

2.   Caprice,     whim,    crotchet,     quirk,     freak, 

vagary,  humor,  fancy,  whimsey. 
Maggot,  a.     I.    Fly-blown,  full  of  maggots. 

2.   Whimsical,  crotchety,  capricious,  fantastic, 

fantastical,  odd,  strange,  fanciful,  freakish. 
Magic,  n.    I.   Sorcery,  necromancy,  enchantment, 

the  black  an,  witchcraft. 
2.   Witchery,  enchantment,  charm,  fascination. 

i£|ical,N-     Necromantic. 

Magician,  «.  Sorcerer,  enchanter,  necromancer, 
conjurer,  mag-us. 

Magister,  n.    Master,  sir,  doctor. 

Magisterial,  a.  Domineering,  lordly,  imperious, 
proud,  arrogant,  lofty,  authoritative,  despotic, 
dictatorial,  consequential,  pompous,  dogmatical, 
haughty. 

Magistrate,  «.    OflScer  (/«  civii  service). 

Magnanimity,  n.  Generosity,  disinterestedness, 
high-mindedness,  forbearance,  greatness  or  noble- 
ness of  mind,  elevation  of  soul,  chivalrous  spirit. 

Magnanimous*  a.  I.  Brave,  dauntless,  heroic, 
illustrious. 

2.  Noble,  elevated,  lofty,  generous,  disinter- 
ested, chivalrous,  liberal,  unselfish,  high-minded, 
great-souled,  exalted,  honorable. 

Magnate,  n.  Noble,  nobleman,  grandee,  man  of 
rank,  distinguished  person. 

Magnesite,  n.  Meerschaum,  sea-foam,  hydrous 
silicate  of  magnesia. 


Magnet,  n.     I.   Loadstone,  natural  magnet. 
2.   Artificial  magnet. 

K^S^.!-     A..r.c.iv.. 

Magnetism,  «.     Power  of  attraction. 

Ma^'netize,  v.  a.     I.  Make  magnetic. 
2.   Attract,  move,  influence. 

Magnificence,  «.  Grandeur,  splendor,  pomp, 
grand  appearance,  iclai. 

Magnificent,  a.  I.  Grand  (in  appearance), 
splendid,  superb,  majestic,  sublime,  noble. 

2.   Pompous,   imposing,    stately,   showy,  gor- 
geous, superb. 

Magnify,  v.  a.  I.  Enlarge,  augment,  amplify, 
make  great,  increase  the  size  of  (to  the  eye). 

2,  Extol,    exalt,    elevate,    celebrate,    glorify, 
bless,  laud,  praise. 

3.  Exaggerate. 

Magniloquence,  ».  Bombast,  grandiloquence, 
turgidity,  inflation,  fustian,  flourish,  pompous 
language. 

Magmloquent,  a.  Grandiloquent,  tumid,  bom- 
bastic, inflated,  swelling,  declamatory,  turgid, 
pompous,  stilted,  high-flowing,  high-flown. 

Magnitude,  n.  I.  Size,  bulk,  volume,  extent, 
bigness,  dimension,  mass. 

2.  Greatness,  importance,  consequence. 

3.  Greatness,  grandeur,  sublimity,  loftiness. 

4.  (AfaiA.)    Quantity. 

Mahlstick,  ».  [Written  also  Maulstick,  Mostic, 
and  MosticA.]     Painter's  stick. 

Mahometan,  n-  Mohammedan,  Mussulman,  Mos- 
lem, Muslim. 

Mahometanism,  n,  Mohammedanism,  Islamism, 
Islam. 

Maid,   n.      I.   Girl,   lass,  lassie,  virgin,  maiden, 
damsel. 
2.   Maid-servant,  female  servant 

Maiden,  «.     Girl,  virgin,  maid. 

Maiden,  a.    I.   Of  maids,  of  virgins. 

2.  Pure,  chaste,  undefiled,  virgin,  unpolluted. 

3.  Fresh,  new,  unused. 

4.  Unmarried. 

Maidenhood,     n.      I.   Virginity,     virgin     purity, 

maidhood. 
2.   Freshness,  newness. 
Maidenly,  a.     Modest,  gentle,  reserved,  maiden- 

like. 
Maiden  speech.     First  speech  (in  public). 
Maid -servant,  «.     Maid,  female  servant. 
Maihem,  ».     See  Maim,  n. 
Mail,  n.     I.   Armor,  defensive  covering. 

2.  Post,  conveyance  for  mailed  matter. 

3.  Mailed  matter. 

4.  Mail-bag. 

Mail,  V.  a.  Put  in  the  mail,  put  in  the  post-office, 
send  by  post,  post. 

Blaim,  v.  a.  Cripple,  mutilate,  disable,  obtrun- 
cate, mangle,  mar. 

Maim,  n.     I.   [Written  also  Maihem  and  May- 
hem.'\    Crippling,  mutilation,  disfigurement. 
2.    Injury,  mischief,  harm,  hurt. 

Main^  a.  I.  Chief,  principal,  leading,  cardinal, 
capital. 

2.  Important,   essential,  necessary,  requisite, 
indispensable,  vital. 

3.  Mighty,  vast,  huge,  enormous. 

4.  Sheer,  pure,  directly  applied. 

5.  Absolute,  mere,  direct,  entire. 
Main,  «.     I.  Ocean,  great  sea,  high  sea. 

2.  Continent,  mainland. 

3.  Main  conduit,  main  pipe,  main  duct,  main 
channel. 

4.  Principal  point 

5.  Force,  power,  strength,  might,  violent  effort. 

6.  The   gross,    the    bulk,    the    greater  part, 
majority. 


MAINLAND 


262 


MAKE  THE  BEST  OF 


7.  Hamper,  lar^e  basket. 

Mainland^  n.     Continent. 

Mainly,  ad.  I.  Chiefly,  principally,  in  the  main. 
2.  Greatly,  mightily,  largely,  absolutely,  en- 
tirely. 

Main-Sprtng,  «.     Prime  mover. 

Mala-Stay»  «•  Principal  support,  chief  reliance, 
main  dependence. 

Maintain,  v.  a.  I.  Sustain,  support,  preserve, 
uphold,  keep. 

2.  Hold,  keep,  keep  possession  of. 

3.  Defend,  vindicate,  justify. 

4.  Continue,  keep  up,  carry  on. 

5.  Provide    food  for,  supply  with  means  of 
living,  support,  keep  up. 

6.  Assert,  allege,  declare. 

Maintain,  v.  «.  Affirm,  aver,  allege,  declare, 
hold,  say,  contend,  hold  the  opinion. 

Maintenance,  ».  I.  Support,  vindication,  justi- 
fication, defence,  preservation,  sustenance. 

2.   Sustenance,      food,     victuals,     provisions, 
bread,   livelihood,   subsistence. 

Mai2e,  «.     Indian  corn  {Zea  mays). 

Maizena,  n.    Corn-flour,  corn-starch. 

Majestic,  a.  I.  August,  imposing,  dignified, 
noble,  princely,  stately,  imperial,  royal,  regal, 
lofty,  pompous. 

2.  Splendid,  grand,  sublime,  magnificent. 

3.  Elevated,  lofty,  stately,  exalted. 
Majesty,    «.     I.  Grandeur,    dignity,    stateliuess, 

loftiness. 
2.   Dignity,  elevation,  loftiness. 
Major,  a.    Greater. 
Major-domo,  «.     Steward. 
Majority,  «.     I.   Greater  number,  more  than  half. 

2.  Manhood,  full  age. 

3.  Majorship. 

Majuscule,  «.     Capital  letter  (z«  diplomatics). 
Make,  v.  a.     I,   Create,  bring  into  being. 

2.  Frame,  fashion,  mould,  shape,  form,  figure. 

3.  Fabricate,  construct. 

4.  Produce,  effect,  be  productive  of,  cause. 

5.  Constitute,  cause  to  be,  cause  to  become. 

6.  Perform,  do,  execute,  practise. 

7.  Secure,  gain,  acquire,  get,  raise. 

8.  Get,  ascertain  by  enumeration,  find. 

9.  Esteem,  suppose,  represent,  think,  show. 

10.  Compel,   constrain,  force,   require,    cause, 
occasion. 

11.  Pass  over,  travel  over. 

12.  Constitute,  compose,  form,  make  up. 

13.  Make  ready,  prepare,  put  in  order. 

14.  Serve,  answer  for,   form,  do  the  part  of, 
become. 

15.  Complete. 

16.  {t/aut.)    Reach,  attain,  arrive  at. 
Make,  v.  n.    I.   Do,  act,  be  active,  interfere. 

2.  Proceed,  go,  travel,  journey,  tend,  move. 

3.  Contribute,  conduce,  operate,  have  effect, 
tend,  be  of  advantage,  favor. 

4.  Rise,  flow,  issue. 

5.  Invent,  compose,  versify. 

Make,  «.  Structure,  construction,  shape,  form, 
constitution,  build. 

Make  a  clean  Inreast.    Make  a  full  confession. 

Make  a  figure.  Figure,  make  a  distinguished 
appearance,  be  distinguished,  be  conspic- 
uous. 

Make  against.    Tend  to  injure,  be  adverse  to. 

Make  as  if.  Appear,  seem,  feign,  pretend,  make 
believe,  act  as  if,  show,  carry  appearance. 

Make  at.    Aim  at. 

Make  away.     Alienate,  transfer. 

Make  away  with.     Kill,  destroy,  put  out  of  the 

way. 
Make  t>elieve.    Pretend,  feign,  appear,  seem,  act 

as  il^  make  as  if. 


Make-believe,  «.     Sham,  feint,  pretence,  pretext; 

counterfeit. 
Make-believe,  a.    Unreal,  sham,  pretended,  coun- 
terfeited, mock,  clap-trap. 
Make  bold.      Presume,   venture,    dare,   take   the 

liberty,  have  the  presumption. 
Make  choice  of.     Choose,  select,  pick  out. 
Make  for.     I.  Move  toward,  go  toward,  strike 

for. 
2.   Favor,  tend  to  the  advantage  of. 
Make  free  with.     Treat  without  ceremony,  treat 

as    one's    own,   use  without    leave,  treat   with 

freedom. 
Make    good.      I.   Defend,     maintain,    vindicate, 

justify,   stand  by. 

2.  Fulfil,  accomplish. 

3.  Establish,    verify,    confirm,    prove,    sub- 
stantiate. 

4.  Compensate  for,  make  compensation  for, 
supply  by  an  equivalent,  make  up  for. 

Make  haste.    Be  quick. 

Make  head  against.     Stem,  resist  successfully. 

Make  known.  Publish,  declare,  bring  to  light, 
proclaim. 

Make  light  of.  Consider  as  of  no  consequence, 
treat  with  contempt. 

Make  love  to.     Court,  woo,  make  suit  to. 

Make  mention  of.  Speak  of,  take  notice  of, 
allude  to,  refer  to. 

Make  merry.     Feast,  be  jovial,  be  joyful. 

Make  much  of.  Cherish,  foster,  fondle,  pet,  cod- 
dle, treat  with  fondness. 

Make  no  bones.  Have  no  scruple,  make  no 
scruple. 

Make  no  difference.  Be  as  well,  be  a  matter  of 
indifference,  make  no  matter. 

Make  no  doubt.     Be  confident,  have  no  doubt. 

Make  no  matter.  Make  no  difiierence,  be  a  mat- 
ter of  indifference,  be  as  well. 

Make  nothing  for.  Be  of  no  value  to,  be  of  no 
use  to,  have  no  effect  in  aiding  or  supporting. 

Make  oath.     Swear,  take  an  oath. 

Make  of.     I.   Understand,  interpret. 

2.  Effect  or  produce  from. 

3.  Consider,  account,  esteem. 

Make  off  with.     I.   Take  away,  carry  off. 
2.   Steal,  pilfer,  filch,  purloin,  cabbage. 

Make  one's  mouth  water.     Excite  or  whet  the 

appetite. 
Make  one's  toilet.     Arrange  one's  dress,  attend 

to  one's  dress. 
Make    out.      {Active.)      I.     Discover,   ascertain, 

learn,  determine,  interpret,  decipher,  get  a  clear 

understanding  of. 

2.  Prove,  establish,  evince. 

3.  Prepare,  draw  up. 

4.  Provide,  furnish,  supply,  find. 

Make  out.     {Neuter.)     Succeed,  be  able  at  last, 

make  a  shift. 
Make  over.    Transfer,  convey,  alienate. 
Makepeace,  «.     Peacemaker,  reconciler. 
Maker,  «.     I.    Creator,  God. 

2.  Manufacturer,  former,  builder,  constructor. 

3.  Author,  writer,  composer. 

4.  {Law. )    Signer  of  a  promissory  note. 
Make  sail.    {Naut.)    Set  the  sails,  hoist  the  sails, 

spread  the  sails. 
Makeshift,  «.     Substitute,  temporary  expedient. 
Make  sport  of.      Mock,   ridicule,  deride,   scout, 

scoff  at.  jeer  at,  laugh  at. 
Make  suit  to.     I.  Court  the  favor  of,  endeavor  to 

gain  the  favor  of. 
2.   Court,  woo,  make  love  to. 
Make  sure  of.     I.   Secure,  make  certain. 

2.   Consider  as  certain. 
Make  the  best  of.     Put  the  best  face  on,  tuni  to 

the  best  account. 


MAKE  TRACKS 


263 


MANAGE 


Make  tracks.     Go,  start,  set  out,  be  off,  depart 
Makeup.     {Active.)     I.   Collect,  get  together. 

2.  Constitute,  form,  compose. 

3.  Reconcile,  settle,  adjust,  compose. 

4.  Compensate,  make  good,  make  up  for. 

5.  Supply,  furnish,  provide. 

6.  Determine,  bring  to  a  conclusion. 

7.  Shape. 

8.  Settle,  adjust. 

9.  Dress. 

Blake  up.    {Neuter.)    Settle  a  difference,  become 

reconciled. 
Make  up  for.    Compensate,  make  good,  make  up. 
Make  up  to.     I.  {Colloq.)   Accost,  address,  speak 
to,  approach. 
2.    Court,  pay  attention. 
Make  up  wiul.    Settle  differences,  become  friends. 
Make  water.     I.   Urinate,  void  urine. 

2.   {Maut.)    Leak. 
Blake  way.     I.   Advance,  proceed. 
2.   Clear  a  way,  open  a  passage. 
Bfaking,  n.     I.  Workmanship,  construction,  fabri- 
cation, formation. 

2.  Composition,  structure,  form,  make. 

3.  Material. 

Blaladministratioilt  n.  Misrule,  misgovemment, 
malversation. 

Blaladroit,  a.  Awkward,  clumsy,  unskilful,  un- 
skilled, bungling,  unhandy,  inapt,  inexpert. 

Blalady,  «.  Disease,  distemper,  disorder,  com- 
plaint, ail,  ailment,  sickness,  illness,  indisposi- 
tion. 

Blalapert,  a.  Saucy,  impudent,  rude,  forward, 
flippant,  bold,  impertinent,  impudent,  insolent, 
cavalier,  quick. 

Blalapertness,  ».  Insolence,  sauciness,  impu- 
dence, rudeness,  forwardness. 

Malapropos,  o^,    [Fr.]    Unseasonably,  unsuitably. 

Malaria,  n.  Miasma,  miasm,  noxious  exhalation, 
bad  air. 

BlalariOttS,  a.  Insalubrious,  miasmatic,  unhealthy, 
unwholesome,  malarial. 

Blalcontent,  a.  Discontented,  dissatisfied,  un- 
satisfied, uneasy,  insurgent. 

Blale*  a.     I.    Masculine. 
2.   Staminate. 

Male,  «.     Male  animal. 

Malediction,  n.  Curse,  cursing,  denunciation, 
execration,  imprecation,  anathema,  ban. 

Blalef actor,  n.  Culprit,  felon,  convict,  criminal, 
outlaw,  evil-doer. 

Blalefeasance,  «.  {Law.)  Wrong-doing,  ill  con- 
duct, illegal  deed. 

Blaleucent,  a.  Harmful,  mischievous,  injurious, 
evil-doing. 

Blalevolencef  n.  Malice,  maliciousness,  spite, 
spitefulness,  malignity,  rancor,  venom,  hate, 
grudge,  ill-will,  hatred. 

Blaleyolent,  a.  Malicious,  malignant,  spiteful,  ill- 
disposed,  ill-natured,  hostile,  envious,  mischiev- 
ous, evil-minded,  resentful,  rancorous. 

Blalformation,  n.     Deformity. 

Blalice,  n.  Malevolence,  maliciousness,  malig- 
nity, rancor,  venom,  hate,  spite,  ill-will,  enmity, 
bitterness,  grudge,  pique. 

Blaliclous,  a.  Malevolent,  malignant,  spiteful,  ill- 
disposed,  ill-natured,  evil-minded,  mischievous, 
resentful,  bitter,  rancorous,  envious,  invidious. 

BlaliciOUSIiess,  n.  Malevolence,  malice,  malig- 
nity, ill-will,  enmity. 

Blaligia,  a.  I.  Malicious,  malevolent,  malignant, 
ill-disposed. 

2.    Injurious,  pernicious,  unfavorable,  baneful, 
very  bad,  unpropitious. 

Mallsn,  V.  a.  Revile,  slander,  abuse,  calumniate, 
asperse,  defame,  blacken,  traduce,  scandalize, 
disparage,  vilify. 


Blalignance,  )  n.      I.     Malice,    malignity,    bitter 
Blaliguancy, )      enmity,  extreme  malevolence. 

2.  Uniavorableness,  unpropitiousness. 

3.  Virulence,  deadliness,  malignity. 
Malignant,  a.     I.    Malign,  maliaous,  malevolent, 

bitter,    rancorous,    spiteful,    resentful,    envious, 
virulently  inimical. 

2.  Unpropitious,  unfavorable,  ill-boding. 

3.  Extremely  heinous,  virulent,  pernicious. 

4.  {Med.)    Dangerous,  fatal,  virulent. 
Blaligner,  «.     Vilifier,  slanderer,  traducer,  calum- 
niator, backbiter,  libeller,  defamer. 

Blalignity,  n.  I.  Malice,  malevolence,  malicious- 
ness, malignancy,  hatred,  animosity,  ill-will, 
rancor,  spite. 

2.  Virulence,  fatality,  malignancy,  deadliness, 
destructiveness. 

3.  Heinousness,  enormity,  evilness. 
Malinger,   v.   n.      {Mil.)      Feign    illness,    sham 

sickness,  play  the  hypocrite,  sham  Abraham- 

Malison,  n.     Curse,  malediction,  execration. 

Blall,  n.  [Written  also  Maul.]  Beetle,  heavy 
mallet. 

Blall,  V.  a.     [Written  also  Maul.]     Beat,  bruise. 

Blall,  n.     I.   Public  walk,  shaded  walk. 
2.   Court,  pleading-house. 

Blallard,  »■     I.  Drake. 

2.   Common  wild  duck  {A  nas  boscftas). 

Blallet,  «•     Wooden  hammer. 

Blalpractice,  «.  [Written  also  Malepractice.] 
Misconduct,  misbehavior,  misdoing,  dereliction, 
malversation. 

Maltreat,  v.  a.  [Written  also  MaUtreat,]  Abuse, 
ill-treat,  ill-use,  injure. 

Maltreatment,  ».  Abuse,  ill  treatment,  bad  treat- 
ment, ill  usage. 

Blalversation,  n.  Misconduct  {in  office),  fraudu- 
lent conduct  {as  embezzlement,  etc.). 


j^j^jjy^J«.     [ChildUh  term.]     Mother. 

Mamma,  ».     [L.  //.  Mamma.]    Breast,  teat,  dug, 

udder. 
Mammal,  «.     Mammifer,  one  of  the  mammalia. 
Mammalia,  «.  ^l.      [L.J      Mammals,  mammifers, 

viviparous  animals  that  suckle  their  young. 
Mammifer,  n.     Mammal,  one  of  the  mammalia. 
Blammon,  ».      I.    Syrian  god  of  riches. 

2.    Riches,  wealth. 
Mammonist,  n.     Worldling,  mammonite. 
Blammoth,  n.     Extinct  elephant  {Elepkas  ^itni- 

genus). 
Mammoth,  a.     Gigantic,  very  large. 
Blan,  n.     I.    Person,  individual,  body,  somebody, 

one,   personage,   soul,    living   soul,   some    one, 

human  being. 

2.  Mankind,  the  human  race. 

3.  Male  person. 

4.  Adult  male. 

5.  Vassal,  liege,  subject,  servant,  attendant, 
dependant. 

6.  Husband,  married  man. 

7.  Workman,  employee. 

8.  Piece  {as  chess,  draughts,  etc.), 

Blan,  V.  a.      I.    Furnish  with  men,  supply  with 
hands. 
2.    Strengthen,  fortify,  re-enforce. 
Blanade,  «.      Shackle  {/or  the  hands),  handcuff, 

hand-fetter. 
Manacle,  v.  a.     I.    Handcuff,  shackle. 

2.    Shackle,  fetter,  tie,  restrain,  confine,  bind. 
Blanage,  n.      Horsemanship,  manage,  equestrian 

art. 
Blanage,  v.   a.       I.     Conduct,    direct,    regulate, 
superintend,    supervise,     administer,     carry    on, 
guide,  treat,  handle,  order,  transact. 

2.    Rule  {ivith  address  or  artifice),  control, 
govern,  guide. 


M.VNAGE 


264 


MAN  OF  STRAW 


3.  Wield,  handle,  have  under  command,  ma- 
nipulate, control. 

4.  Husband,  treat  sparingly,  economize,  save, 
contrive. 

5.  Train. 

KanSige,  v.  «.  Manoeuvre,  concert  measures,  con- 
trive ways,  direct  affairs,  pull  the  wires  or  strings, 
administer. 

ManageaUe,  a.     I.  Tractable,  governable,  docile, 
controllable,  tamable. 
2.   Controllable. 

lyianagement,  «.  I.  Conduct,  control,  direction, 
charge,  administration,  government,  guidance, 
disposal,  economy,  treatment,  superintendence, 
care,  surveillance. 

2.  Contrivance,  prudent  conduct,  cunning 
practice,  skill,  address,  skilful  treatment. 

3.  Negotiation,  transactions,  dealing. 
ManAger,  ».  I.  Director,  superintendent,  overseer, 

supervisor,  comptroller,  governor,  conductor. 
2.   Economist,  good  economist. 
Managery,  «.     I.   Conduct,  direction,  administra- 
tion, management. 

2.  Husbandry,  frugality,  economy. 

3.  Manner  of  using. 

4.  Moral  conduct. 
Managing,  a.     I.    Intriguing. 

2.  Economical,  frugal,  thrifty,  prudent,  provi- 
dent. 

Manatee,  n.     Lamantine,  sea-cow,  manatin. 

Manciple,  «.  Steward  {of  a  college),  purveyor, 
undertaker. 

Mandate,  n.  Command,  order,  injunction,  pre- 
cept, charge,  requirement,  commission,  edict. 

Mandatory,  a.     Preceptive,  directory. 

Mandi1)le,  «.     I.   Under  jaw  {fif  animals). 

2.  {Ornith.)    Beak,  bill. 

3.  Upper  jaw  (^iVw^c^j). 

MandioC,  I  «•    [Written  also  Manioc^  Manihoc,  and 

Mandisc, )      Manihot.']    Cassava. 

Mandle-Stone,  «.  Amygdaloid,  almond-stone, 
kernel-stone. 

MandraJke,  n.     Mandragora. 

Mandncate,  v.  a.     Chew,  masticate,  eat. 

Mandncation,  «.     Chewing,  mastication,  eating. 

Man-eater,  «.     Cannibal. 

Man-eaters,  «.  //.     Anthropophagi,  cannibals. 

Manege,  «.     [Fr.]     I.   Horsemanship,  equestrian 
art. 
2.  Riding-school. 

Manes,  n.  pi.  I.  Lares,  benevolent  infernal 
deities. 

2.  Ghosts,  shades,  souls  of  the  departed,  spir- 
its, spectres,  lemures. 

Blanfnl,  a.  Courageous,  bold,  brave,  stout, 
strong,  vigorous,  daring,  heroic,  intrepid,  un- 
daunted, manly,  honorable,  noble. 

Mangel-wurzel,  n.  [Written  also  Mangold- 
wurzel.'i  Field-beet,  scarcity-root  {Beta  alt is- 
sima). 

Mangily,  ad.  Meanly,  basely,  scurvily,  foully, 
vilely. 

Manginess,  ».     Scabbiness,  scurviness. 

Mangle,  v.  a.  I.  Lacerate,  hack,  tear  (/«  cut- 
ting), mutilate. 

2.  Mutilate,  mar,  destroy,  spoil,  maim. 

3.  Polish,  smooth,  calender,  press  with  a 
mangle. 

MangOld-wnrzel,  «.    See  Mangel-wurzel. 

Mangy,  a.     Scabby,  infected  with  mange. 

Manhaden,  «.  [Written  also  Menhaden.^]  Hard- 
head, mossbunker,  pauhaugen,  bony-fish,  mars- 
banker. 

Man-bater, «.     Misanthrope. 

Manhood, «.    I.  Virility. 

2.  Courage,  bravery,  hardihood,  firmness, 
resolution,  fortitude,  manliness,  manfulness. 


3.  Humanity,  human  nature. 

4.  Man's  estate,  maturity. 

Mania,  «.     I.  Madness,  insanity,  violent  derange- 
ment, lunacy,  aberration,   delirium,  frenzy,  de- 
mentia. 
2.   Vehement  desire. 

Mania  a  potU.     [L.]    Delirium  tremens. 

Maniac,  n.  Madiman,  lunatic,  bedlamite,  insane 
person,  crack. 

IVIaniac,     )a.      Mad,  insane,   raving,   deranged. 

Maniacal, )      demented. 

Manicheism,  «.  Dualism,  doctrine  of  two  su- 
preme priuciples  (good  and  evil). 

Manifest,  a.  Apparent,  open,  obvious,  plain, 
evident,  patent,  clear,  palpable,  visible,  unmis- 
takable, glaring,  conspicuous,  distinct,  indubi- 
table. 

Manifest,  v.  a.  Show,  exhibit,  reveal,  declare, 
display,  disclose,  prove,  evince,  evidence,  dis- 
cover, express,  set  forth,  bring  to  light,  expose  to 
view,  hold  up  to  view,  make  known. 

Manifestation,  n.  Exhibition,  revelation,  display, 
expression,  discovery,  publication,  show. 

Manifesto,  n.  Declaration  {of  a  sovereign  or  a. 
government),  manifest,  public  protestation. 

Manifold,  a.      I.   Numerous,   multiplied,   multi- 
tudinous, various,  many. 
2.   Various,  diverse,  multifarious. 

Manioc,  «.     Cassava.     See  Mandioc. 

Maniple,  n.     I.   Handful. 

2.  Small  band,  company  (of  Roman  soldiers). 

3.  Fanon,  stole,  kind  of  scarf. 
Manipulate,  v.  a.  and  v.  «.    Work  or  operate  with 

the  hands,  handle. 

Manis,  «.     Pangolin,  scaly  ant-eater,  scaly  lizard. 

Man-killer,  «.     Murderer,  man-slayer,  homicide. 

Mankind,  «.  I.  Man,  the  human  race,  human- 
kind. 

2.   Men,  the  lords  of  creation. 

Manliness,  «.  Bravery,  courage,  intrepidity,  hero- 
ism, firmness,  resolution,  nobleness,  dignity, 
boldness. 

Manly,  a.  Brave,  courageous,  intrepid,  stout, 
bold,  firm,  undaunted,  vigorous,  strong,  daring, 
heroic,  noble,  manful,  dignified. 

Man-midwife,  «.     Obstetrician,  accoucheur. 

Manner,  n.  I.  Method,  mode,  fashion,  form, 
way,  style. 

2.  Custom,  habit,  practice. 

3.  Degree,  measure,  extent. 

4.  Ising.  and  pi.]     Sort,  kind,  sorts,  kinds. 

5.  Behavior,  carriage,  deportment,  air,  mien, 
look,  aspect,  appearance,  demeanor. 

6.  Mannerism,  characteristic  style,  distinc- 
tive peculiarity. 

7.  Conduct,  morals,  habits,  behavior. 

8.  Civility,  ceremonious  behavior,  respectful 
deportment. 

Mannerism,  n.  Sameness  of  manner,  uniformity, 
.self-repetition. 

Mannerly,  a.  Courteous,  civil,  polite,  urbane, 
complaisant,  refined,  well-bred,  respectful,  cere- 
monious, well-behaved. 

Manners,  «.  //.     I.    Morals,  habits,  conduct. 

2.  Behavior,  deportment,  bearing,  breeding, 
air,  carriage. 

Mannish,  a.     Bold,  masculine. 

Manoeuvre,  «•     I.    Evolution,  movement. 

2.  Scheme,  plan,  plot,  stratagem,  artifice, 
trick,  finesse,  artful  management,  adroit  pro- 
cedure, intrigue,  ruse. 

Manoeuvre,  v.  n.     I.    Perform  evolutions. 

2.  Contrive,  plan,  plot,  manage,  pull  the  wires 
or  strings,  scheme,  intrigue,  finesse. 

Manoenvrer,  «.  Tactician,  adroit  manager,  strat- 
egist. 

Man  of  straw.     Puppet,  tool,  instrument. 


MAN-OF-WAR 


265 


MARRIED 


Man-of-war,  «.     Ship  of  war,  armed  ship. 

Manor,  n.     Lordship,  feudal  estate  of  a  nobleman. 

Slanor-honse,  n.  Hall,  manor-seat,  mansion, 
mansion-house. 

Mansard-roof  f  «•     Curb-roof,  gambrel-roof. 

Manse,  n.  [.Scotch.l  Parsonage,  parsonage- 
house. 

Mansion,  n.  I.  Dwelling,  seat,  residence,  habita- 
tion, dwelling-house,  mansion-house,  abode. 

2.   Manor-house,  manor-seat,    hall,  mansion- 
house. 

Mansion-hottse,  «.     Manor-house. 

Manslaughter,  «.     I.  Murder,  homicide. 
2.    Homicide  {without  malice). 

Man-slayer,  «.     Murderer,  homicide,  man-killer. 

Mantel,  «.  [Written  also  Mantle.,  Mantle-puce, 
MantU-shelf.\     Mantel-piece,  mantel-shelf. 

Mantilla,   n.      I.    Hood,  head-covering,   kind  of 
veil. 
2.   Small  mantle,  light  cloak. 

Mantle,  n.    I.  Cloak. 

2.  Cover,  covering. 

3.  Mantel-piece,  mantel-shelf. 

4.  Pallium. 

Mantle,  v.  a.  Cloak,  overspread,  cover,  disguise, 
obscure. 

Mantle,  v.  n.  I.  Expand,  spread,  be  ex- 
panded. 

2.   Effervesce,   bubble,    foam,  sparkle,  froth, 
cream. 

Mantua-maker,  n.     Dressmaker. 

Manual,  a.     Of  the  hand,  by  the  hand. 

Manual,   ».     Hand-book. 

Manufactory,  ».     Factory, 

Manufacture,   n.       I.    Production,     fabrication, 
making. 
2.    Manufactured  product. 

Manufacture,  v.  a.     Make  by  art. 

Manumission,  «.  Emancipation,  enfranchise- 
ment, liberation,  deliverance,  release,  act  of  free- 
ing a  slave  from  bondage. 

Manumit,  v.  a.  Free,  liberate,  release,  emanci- 
pate, enfranchise,  set  free. 

Manure,  v.  a.     Fertilize,  enrich. 

Manure,  «.  Fertilizer,  compost,  muck,  guano, 
dressing,  fertilizing  mixture. 

Manuscript,  a.     Written. 

Manuscript,  «.  Copy,  written  document,  writ- 
ing- 

Blany,  a.  Numerous,  manifold,  various,  multi- 
plied, divers,  freauent,  sundry. 

Many,  n.     I.    Multitude,  people,   many  persons, 
many  people,  crowd,  numerous  company. 
2.   Great  number. 

Many-sided,  a.     I.   Of  many  sides. 
2.   Liberal,  catholic. 

Many  times.  Often,  frequently,  repeatedly, 
often-times. 

Many-ways,  I  ad.     Multifariously,    variously,  in 

Many-wise,   )      many  different  ways,  diversely. 

Map,  «.     Chart. 

Map,  V.  a.    Delineate,  draw,  picture. 

Blar,  V.  a.     I.    Injure,  spoil,  ruin,    hurt,  damage, 
harm,  impair. 
2.   Deface,  deform,  disfigure,  spoil,  maim. 

Marah,  n.     Bitter  water,  bitterness. 

Marasmus,  «.  Atrophy,  phthisis,  consumption, 
tabes,  emaciation,  decline,  gradual  wasting. 

Maraud,  v.  «      Rove  for  plunder. 

Maraud,  «.  Marauding,  ravage,  plunder,  spolia- 
tion. 

Marauder,  «.  Plunderer,  ravager,  pillager,  robber, 
freebooter,  brigand,  outlaw,  bandit,  rover,  fili- 
buster. 

Blarcescent,  a.    Withering,  foding,  decaying. 


March,  v.n.     I.   Walk  {fiy  regular  steps,  as  sol- 
diers), move  forward. 
2.  Walk  in  a  steady  manner,  step,  go. 

March,  n.  I.  Military  movement,  passage  of 
soldiers. 

2.  Stately  walk,  deliberate  walk. 

3.  Progression,  advance,  advancement,  pro- 
gress, progressive  development,  movement. 

4.  Military  tune. 

Marches,  «•  pi.  Borders,  limits,  frontiers,  con- 
fines, precincts,  boundaries. 

Mardd,  a.  Withered,  feeble,  drooping,  wasted, 
lean,  pining,  gaunt. 

Marcidity,  n.  Leanness,  meagreness,  thinness, 
emaciation. 

Mare,  «.     Female  horse. 

Mareschal,  «.    See  Marshal. 

Mare's-nest,  «.  Absurd  discovery,  ridiculous 
discovery,  discovery  that  is  no  discovery,  self- 
delusion. 

Mare's-tail,  «.    Cirrus,  cat's-tail. 

Margarlte, «.    Pearl. 

Margin,  «.  Border,  edge,  rim,  brim,  verge,  brink, 
confine,  limit,  skirt. 

Marine,  a.     I.   Oceanic,   pelagic,  pelagian,  salt- 
water, sea. 
2.   Maritime,  naval,  nautical. 

Marine,  «•     I.    Navy,  shipping. 

2.  Soldier  (,of  a  ship  of  war),  sea-soldier. 

3.  (Painting.)    Sea-piece,  sea-scape. 
Mariner,   n.     Seaman,   sailor,   seafarer,  seafaring 

man,  tar  {colloq>). 

Mariput,  «.     Zoril  (  Viverra  zorilla). 

Marischal,  n.    See  Marshal. 

IVIarital,  a.     Of  a  husband,  incident  to  a  husband. 

Maritime,  a.     I.   Marine,  naval,  nautical. 
2.    Near  the  sea,  bordering  on  the  sea. 

Mark,  «.  I.  Sign,  token,  symbol,  trace,  line,  im- 
press, impression,  stamp,  print,  characteristic. 

2.  Indication,  evidence,  proof,  symptom, 
token,  characteristic,  trace,  vestige,  track. 

3.  Badge,  sign. 

4.  Trace,  track,  vestige,  footprint. 

5.  Object  {aimed  at). 

6.  Eminence,  consequence,  distinction,  in»- 
portance,  pre-eminence,  eminent  position. 

7.  Cross  {made  as  a  signature). 

Mark,  V.  a.  I.  Distinguish  by  a  mark,  put  a 
mark  upon,  label. 

2.  Stamp,  brand,  designate,  characterize,  de- 
note, single  out,  point  out,  indicate,  betoken,  im- 
print, impress. 

3.  Notice,  note,  observe,  remark,  take  notice 
of,  regard,  heed,  evince. 

Mark,  v.  n.     Observe,  note,  remark,  take  notice. 

Marked,  a.  Notable,  remarkable,  noted,  promi- 
nent, conspicuous,  eminent,  distinguished. 

Market,  n.  I.  Mart,  emporium,  place  of  traffic, 
entrepbt. 

2.  Market-house,  market-place. 

3.  Sale,  opportunity  to  sell. 

4.  Price,  cost,  worth,  valuation,  rate,  charge. 
Market,  v.  a.     Vend,  sell,  traffic  in,  offer  for  sale, 

dispose  of. 

Marketable,  a.     I.   Salable,  vendible,  merchant- 
able. 
2.   Current  in  market,  current. 

Market-place,  «.     Market-house,  bazaar. 

StoLtr'S?'!"-   current  value. 

Maroon,  «.     Chestnut  color. 
Maroon,  a.     Of  a  chestnut  color. 
Marriage,    n.   I.   Nuptials,  wedding,    espousals, 
spousals,  nuptial  rites. 

2.  Matrimony,  wedlock. 

3.  Union. 

Married,  a.     Conjugal,  connubial,  matrimonial. 


MARROW 


266 


MATCH 


Marrow,  «.     I.   Medulla,  pith. 

2.   Essence,  quintessence,  best  part,  essential 
part. 

Marrow-bones,  «.//.  (C^//<7^.)    Knees. 

MarruMum,  n.     Hoarhound. 

Marry,  «'•  a-  I.  Join  in  marriage,  unite  in  mar- 
riage. 

2.  Wed,   espouse,  take  for  husband  or  wife, 
lead  to  the  altar,  bestow  one's  hand  upon, 

3.  Give  in  marriage,  dispose  of  in  wedlock. 

4.  Unite,  join,  make  one. 

Marrv,  inter j.     Indeed,  forsooth,  in  truth. 
Marsn,  «.     Fen,  bog,  quagmire,  morass,  swamp, 

slough. 
MarsMl,  ».     I.   Chief  officer  of  arms. 

2.  Conductor,  director,    regulator,  master  of 
ceremonies. 

3.  Harbinger,  pursuivant,  herald. 

4.  [/» France.^    Commander-in-chief. 
Marshal,  v.  a.     I.   Arrange,  range,  rank,  dispose, 

array,  draw  up,  set  in  order. 
2.   Lead,  guide,  prepare  the  way,  herald. 
Marsh-gas,  «.     Firedamp. 
Marsh-marigold,    «.      Cowslip,    water    caltrops 

{Caltha  palustris). 
Marsh-samphire,  «.    Glass-wort,  salt-wort  {Salt- 

cornia  herbacea). 
Marshy,  a.     Boggy,  fenny,  swampy,  wet. 
Mart,  n.    Market,  emporium,  entrepot,  place  of 

traffic. 
Martial,  a.     I.   Suited  to  war. 

2.  Warlike,  brave,  given  to  war. 

3.  Military. 

Martinet,  «.     Precisian,  formalist,  strict  or  severe 

disciplinarian. 
Martinmas,  «.     Feast  of  St.   Martin,    Nov.    ii, 

martilmas,  martlemas. 
MartjO",  V.  a.     I.   Sacrifice  on  account  of  faith. 

2.  Murder,  destroy. 

3.  Persecute,  afflict,  torment,  torture,  agonize, 
destroy. 

Marvel,  «.     I.   Wonder,  prodigy,  miracle. 

2.   Wonder,  admiration,  astonishment,  amaze- 
ment, surprise. 

Marvel,  v.  n.  Wonder,  be  surprised,  be  aston- 
ished. 

Marvellous,  a.  I.  Wondrous,  wonderful,  amaz- 
ing, stupendous,  astonishing,  miraculous,  very 
extraordinary,  most  strange,  prodigious. 

2.   Incredible,   improbable,   surpassing  credit, 
surprising. 

Marvellously,  ad.  Exceedingly,  wonderfully, 
strangely. 

Masculine,  a.     I.   Male,  of  the  male  sex. 

2.  Manly,  virile,  manlike,  bold,  hardy,  manful. 

3.  Strong,  robust,  powerful. 

4.  Coarse,  bold,  forward,  mannish.  _ 

Mash,   V.   a.     Bruise,    crush,    beat,  mix,    knead, 

compound. 
Mask,  «.     I.   Cover  {for  the  face),  visor. 

2.  Cloak,  screen,  blind,  disguise,  veil. 

3.  Subterfuge,  evasion,  trick,  shift,  pretence, 
pretext,  plea,  r7ise. 

4.  Masquerade. 

5.  Revel,  piece  of  mummery,  bustle. 
Mask,  V.  a.     I.   Put  a  mask  on. 

2.  Disguise,  conceal,  hide,  cloak,  veil,  screen, 
shroud,  cover. 
Masker,   «.    Mummer,  person  in  disguise,  mas- 

querader. 
Mason,  n.     I.   Builder  in  stone  or  brick. 

2.   Free-mason. 
Masquerade,  «.     I.   Mask,  revel,  piece  of  mum- 
mery. 
2.  Disguise,  mask,  veil,  cover. 
SS,    n.      I.   Lump. 
2.   Heap,  assemblage,  combination,  congeries. 


3.  Collective  body  of  fluid  matter. 

4.  Majority. 

5.  Size,  magnitude,  bulk,  dimension. 

6.  Whole,  aggregate,  totality,  body. 

Mass,  n.  Communion  service  (j«  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church),  celebration  of  the  Lord's 
Supper. 

Massacre,  v.  a.  Butcher  {human  beings),  murder, 
kill,  slay,  slaughter. 

Massacre,  «.     Butchery,  slaughter,  carnage. 

Mass-book,  «.  Missal,  Roman  Catholic  service- 
book. 

Massive, )  a.    Bulky,  heavy,  weighty,  ponderous, 

Massy,     )      huge,  immense. 

Mast,  «.     Nuts,  pannage,  pawns,  pawnage. 

Master,^.  I.  Ruler,  director, governor, manager, 
superintendent,  overseer,  lord. 

2.  Commander,  captain. 

3.  Teacher,  instructor,  tutor,  preceptor,  school- 
master, pedagogue. 

4.  Owner,  proprietor,  holder,  possessor. 

5.  Proficient,  adept,  master-hand. 

6.  Employer. 

7.  Chief,  principal,  head,  leader. 

Master,  v.  a.  I.  Overpower,  overcome,  conquer, 
subdue,  subjugate,  vanquish. 

2.  Acquire,  learn  thoroughly,  make  one's  self 
master  of,  become  an  adept  in. 

Master,  a.  Main,  chief,  leading,  principal,  car- 
dinal, prime,  especial,  great,  grand,  most  im- 
portant. 

Master-hand,  n.  Adept,  proficient,  dab,  expert, 
good  hand,  capital  hand,  nice  hand. 

Masterly,  a.  I.  Skilful,  clever,  dexterous,  expert, 
adroit,  excellent,  finished. 

2.  Imperious,  domineering,  arbitrary,  des- 
potical. 

Master-mind,  n.     Master-spirit. 

Master-piece,  «.  I.  Paragon,  master-stroke, 
master-work,  capital  performance,  principal  per- 
formance, chef-d'oeuvre, 

2.  Chief  excellence,  forte,  chief  talent,  strong 
side. 

Mastership,**.     I.   Headship. 

2.  Dominion,  rule,  sway,  mastery,  supreme 
power. 

3.  Superiority,  supremacy,  pre-eminence, 
mastery. 

4.  Skill,  cleverness,  ability,  talent. 
Master-spirit,  «.     Master-mind. 

Master-stroke, «.    See  Master-pieck. 

Master-work,  «.     See  Master-piece. 
Mastery,  «.     I.    Dominion,  rule,  sway,  command, 
mastership,  supreme  power,  supremacy. 

2.  Superiority,  pre-eminence,  ascendency,  su- 
premacy, victory,  conquest,  leadership,  headship, 
upper  hand. 

3.  Victory  in  war. 

4.  Acquirement,  attainment,  acquisition. 

5.  Skill,  dexterity,  great  proficiency,  clever- 
ness, ability. 

Masticate,  v.  a.  Chew,  eat,  manducate. 
Mastication,  «.  Chewing,  manducation. 
Masturbation,  «.     Onanism,  self-pollution,  secret 

vice,  self-abuse,  mastupration. 
Mat,  V.  a.     Interweave,  entangle,  twist  together. 
Match,  n.     I.    Equal,  mate,  companion,  tally. 

2.  Competition,  trial,  contest. 

3.  Union,  marriage. 
Match,  V.  a.     I.    Rival,  equal. 

2.  Adapt,  suit,  fit,  proportion,  make  equal, 
make  harmonize.  _ 

3.  Marry,  give  in  marriage,  mate. 


4.  Join,  combine,  couple,  sort. 

5.  Pit, 


oppose. 
Match,  V.  n.     I.    Be  married,  mate. 

2.   Suit,  correspond,  tally,  be  proportionate. 


MATCHABLE 


267 


MEAGRE 


Matcliablet  a.     I.    Equal,  suitable,  comparable* 
2.   Correspondent,  of  like  kind. 

Matchless,  a.  Unrivalled,  unparalleled,  un- 
equalled, peerless,  incomparable,  exquisite,  in- 
imitable, excellent,  unmatched,  consummate. 

Mate,  n.  I.  Associate,  companion,  fellow,  com- 
peer, intimate. 

2.  Equal,  match,  suitable  companion. 

3.  Assistant,  subordinate. 

4.  Checkmate  (cA«f>. 
Mate,  V.  a.     I.    Match,  marry. 

2.  Equal,  vie  with,  cope  with,  compete  with. 

3.  Stupefy,  confound,  crush,  appall,  subdue, 
enervate. 

Mate, «.     Paraguay  tea,  Brazilian  holly  {He jc  para- 

guensis). 
Material,  a.    I.  Physical,  corporeal,  bodily. 

2.    Essential,     important,    momentous,    vital, 

weighty. 
Material,  n.    Matter,  substance,  stuff. 
Materially,  ad.    I.   SubstantiaUy,  in  substance, 

not  in  form  merely. 
2.    ImporUntly,  essentially,  vitally. 
Maternal,  a.     Motherly. 
Maternity,  n.     Motherhood. 
Mathematical,  <z.     I.    Pertaining  to  mathematics. 

2.   Precise,  accurate,  strict,  rigid. 
Matin,  a.     Morning. 

Matins,  n.  pi.     Morning  prayers,  morning  service. 
Matricaria,  «.     Feverfew,  motherwort. 
Matrice,  «.     I.   Womb,  matrix. 

2.    Mould    {especially    a    mould    in    luhlcK 

printers^  letters  are  cast,  and  a  mould  in  which 

coin  is  cast),  matrix. 
Matrimonial,   a.     Connubial,  nuptial,  hymeneal, 

conjugal,  sponsal,  spousal. 
Matrunony,    ».      Marriage,     wedlock,      nuptial 

state. 
Matrix,  «.   [L.]    See  Matrice. 
Matron,  n.     I.  Wife,  married  woman,  dame. 

2.  Elderly  woman. 

3.  Head  nurse,  female  head. 
Matronal,  a.    See  Matron-like. 
Matronize,  v.  a.     I.   Render  matronly. 

2.    Chaperon,  act  as  mother  to. 
Matron-like,  1  a.   I.  Elderly,  matronal,  motherly. 
Matronly,       J       2.   Grave,  sedate,  matronal. 
Matter,  «.     I.   Substance,  body. 

2.  Sense,  substance. 

3.  Good  sense,  substance. 

4.  Trouble,  cause  of  distress,  difficulty. 

5.  Thine. 

6.  Indefinite  amount,  quantity,  or  portion. 

7.  Stuff,  material,  raw  material. 

8.  Topic,    subject,    question,    subject-matter, 
matter  in  hand. 

9.  AflFair,    business,    concern,    thing,    event, 
course   of  things. 

10.  Importance,  consequence,  import,  momenti 
significance. 

11.  Pus,  purulence,  purulent  matter. 
Matter,   v.   «.     I,    Signify,   import,  be  of  impor- 
tance, be  of  consequence. 

2.    Maturate,  suppurate. 
Matter-of-fact,  «.     Fact,  reality,  actuality. 
Matter-of-fact,      a.      I.     Ordinary,      common- 
place. 

2.   Practical,  sensible,  plain,    prosaic,   unim- 
aginative, dry. 
Mattock,  «.     Grub-axCj  grubbing-hoe. 
Maturate,  v.  n.     I.   Ripen,  mature. 

2.    Suppurate,  matter. 
Maturation,  n.     I.   Ripening,  maturing. 

2.  Ripeness. 

3.  Suppuration. 

Mature,  a.  I.  Perfected  by  time,  complete,  per- 
fect, ripa,  full-grown. 


2.   Prepared,     ready,    well-considered,    well- 
digested,   completed,   ripe. 

Matiure,  v.  a.     I.   Ripen. 

2.   Perfect,  bring  to  perfection,  bring  to  matu- 
rity, advance  toward  perfection. 

Mature,  v.  «.    I.   Become  ripe. 
2.    Become  due. 

Maturely,  ad.    I.   Ripely,  completely. 
2.   Carefully,  cautiously. 

Maturity,  «.  I.  Completion,  ripeness,  perfec- 
tion, matureness. 

2.    Time  of  being  due  (said  of  a  promissory 
note,  etc.). 

Matutinal,  a.     Morning,  early. 

Maudlin,  a.  I.  Intoxicated,  inebriated,  fuddled, 
muddled,  disguised,  tipsy,  mellow,  drunk,  stupid, 
in  liquor. 

2.    Silly,  weak,   over-emotional,  sickly  senti- 
mental. 

Mauere,  prep.  Notwithstanding,  in  spite  of,  in 
defiance  of. 

Maul,  n.  [Written  also  Mall.^  Beetle,  heavy 
mallet. 

Maul,  z/.  <z.  I.  [Written  also  A/a//.]  Beat,  bruise, 
wound,  disfigure. 

2.     Injure  grossly,  abuse,  deform,  do  much 
harm  to. 

Maunder,  v.  n.    I.  Mutter  (oj  a  beggar),  grum- 
ble, murmur. 
2.   Talk  incoherently,  drivel,  wander. 

Maunderer,  «.     Grumbler,  murmurer,  driveller. 

Mausoleum,  «.     Sepulchral  monument. 

Mauvaise  honte.  [Fr.J  Bashfulness,  false  mod- 
esty, shamefacedness. 

Mavis,  «.  Song-thrush,  throstle  (Turdus  must- 
cus). 

Maw,  n.     I.   Stomach  (of  animals). 

2.   Craw,  crop,  first  stomach  (o/ a  bird). 

Mawkish,  a.  Insipid,  flat,  vapid,  tasteless,  stale, 
sickly,  nauseous,  disgusting. 

Maxim,  n.  Proverb,  saying,  saw,  adage,  aphorism, 
apothegm,  dictum,  by-word,  sententious  precept, 
axiom. 

Maximum,  a.    Greatest. 

May-apple, «.  Wild  mandrake,  hog-apple  {Podo- 
phyllum peltatum). 

Maybe,  ad.  Perhaps,  possibly,  haply,  it  may  be, 
as  luck  may  have  it. 

May-beetle,  I  «.     Cockchafer,  dor,  dor-bug,  tree- 
May-bug,      j      beetle,   dor-beetle,   dor-fly,  dum- 
mador. 

May-flower,  «.  I.  [Eng.]  Hawthorn,  white- 
thorn. 

2.    [New  Eng.'i      Trailing  arbutus  (Epigeea 
repens). 

Mayhap,  ad.  Perchance,  perhaps,  it  may  be, 
probably,    it  may  happen,  peradventure. 

Mayhem,  n.    See  Maim. 

May-lily,  n.  Lily  of  the  valley  (ConvaUaria 
majalis). 

Maze,  n.  I.  Labyrinth,  meander,  intricacy,  wind- 
ing course. 

2.  Intricacy,  perplexity,  bewilderment,  embar- 
rassment, uncertainty,  mizmaze. 

Maze,  V.  a.  Bewilder,  amaze,  confuse,  perplex, 
confound. 

Mazology,  n.     Mammology,  mastology. 

Mazy,  <».  Labyrinthian,  confused,  winding,  in- 
tricate, confusing,  perplexing,  embarrassing. 

Mead,  n.     I.   Metheglin. 
2.   (Poetical.)    Meadow. 

Meadow,  n.     Mead,  lea,  grass  land,  sward  land. 

Meadow-crowfoot,  «.     Buttercup. 

Meain:%,  a.  I.  Lean,  thin,  emaciated,  spare,  poor, 
lank,  gaunt,  skinny. 

2.  Barren,  poor,  sterile,  unproductive. 

3.  Tame,  feeble,  jejune,  vapid,  bald,  barren, 


MEAGRENESS 


268 


MEDITATE 


dull,  prosing,  prosy,  poor,  mean,  insignificant, 
small,  scanty. 
Meagreness,  ».    I.  Leanness,  thinness,  spareness. 

2.  Poorness,  barrenness,  sterility. 

3.  Scantiness,  barrenness,  smalluess. 
Meal»  n.     I.    Repast,  collation. 

2.   Flour,  grain  in  powder. 
Mealy,  a.     Farinaceous. 
Mean,  a.    I.  Middle,  medium,  average,  moderate. 

2.  Intermediate,  intervening,  coming  between. 

3.  Ignoble,  plebeian,  low,  ordinary,  common, 
vulgar,  coarse,  humble. 

4.  Base,  abject,  grovelling,  vile,  contemptible, 
despicable,  servile,  beggarly,  sneaking,  dirty, 
scurvy,  shabby,  sorry,  disingenuous,  unfair,  ras- 
cally, pitiful,  base-minded,  low-minded,  dishon- 
orable, spiritless. 

5.  Sordid,  penurious,  miserly,  stingy,  nig- 
gardly, illiberal,  ungenerous,  selfish,  narrow, 
mercenary,  narrow-minded,  parsimonious. 

6.  Small,  little,  paltry,  insignificant,  diminu- 
tive, petty,  poor,  wretched,  contemptible,  despi- 
cable. 

Mean,  «.  I.  Medium,  mediocrity,  moderation, 
measure,  middle  state,  middle  course. 

2.  Average. 

3.  Instrument,  method,  mode,  way,  means, 
agency,  instrumentality,  measure. 

Mean,  v.  a.     I.   intend,  signify,  contemplate. 

1,  Intend,  purpose,  design. 

3.   Signify,    indicate,   imply,   denote,   purport, 

import,  express. 
Mean,  v.  n.     Intend,  purpose,  design. 
Meander,  «•    I.  Labyrinth,  maze,  winding  course, 

perplexity,  intricacy. 

2.  Indirect  course. 

Meander,  v.  «.  Wind,  be  tortuous,  run  in  a  ser- 
pentine course,  turn,  flow  round. 

Meandering,  a.  Winding,  serpentine,  tortuous, 
anfractuous,  flexuous,  meandrian,  meandrous. 

Meaning,  ».  I.  Intention,intent,  purpose,  design, 
aim,  object. 

2.  Signification,  sense,  acceptation,  explana- 
tion, interpretation,  import,  purport,  significance, 
force. 

Meaningly,  ad.     Significantly. 

Meanly,  ad.  Dishonorably,  unworthily,  depre- 
ciatingly, disrespectfully. 

Meanness,  n.     I.    Humbleness,  lowness. 

2.  Smallness,  littleness,  scantiness,  slender- 
ness,  lowness,  poverty,  meagreness,  poorness, 
rudeness. 

3.  Abjectness,  vileness,  baseness,  contempti- 
bleness,  despicableness. 

4.  Illiberality,  ungenerousness,  sordidness, 
penuriousness,  niggardliness. 

Means,  «.  sing.  and//.  I.  Instrument,  method, 
mode,  way. 

2.  Resource,  appliance,  expedient,  shift,  step, 
measure. 

3.  Revenue,  income,  resources,  the  where- 
withal, ways  and  means,  substance,  estate,  prop- 
erty. 

Mean-Spilited,  a.  Base,  low,  beggarly,  vile,  grov- 
elling, pitiful,  despicable,  abject,  low-minded, 
base-minded,  cowardly,  timid. 

Meantime.    )  ad.      In  tiie  mean  time,  in  the  in- 

MeanwMle,  J     terim. 

Measles,  «.  //.    Rubeola. 

Measurable,  a.     I.  Mensurable. 
2.    Moderate,  temperate. 

Measure,  «.     I.   Standard  (ypf  measurement). 

2.  Rule,  gauge. 

3.  Extent. 

4.  Limit,  determined  length. 

5.  Allotment,  share,  due  proportion. 

6.  Moderation,  just  degree. 


7.  Degree,  indefinite  quantity. 

8.  Means  to  an  end,  step. 

9.  Metre. 

Measure,  v.  a.    i.  Mete. 

2.  Estimate,  appraise,  judge    of,   appreciate, 
value,  gauge. 

3.  Adjust,  proportion,  gauge. 

4.  Distribute,  allot,  apportion,  mete  out. 
Measured,  a.    I.   Uniform,  steady,  equal,  moder- 
ate, regular,  moderated. 

2.   Limited,  restricted. 

Measureless,  a.  Immeasurable,  unlimited,  im- 
mense, boundless,  limitless,  endless,  unbounded, 
vast,  infinite. 

Measurement,  n.     I.   Mensuration. 

2.   Bulk,  size,  area  or  content,  quantity. 

Meat,  n.  I.  Food,  aliment,  nutriment,  suste- 
nance, nourishment,  provision,  victuals,  viands, 
diet,  regimen,  cheer,  subsistence,  rations,  feed, 
fare. 

2.  Flesh  i/or/ood),  flesh-meat. 

3.  Edible  portion. 
Meatiness,  «.     Fleshiness. 
Meat-pie,  «.     I.    Mince-pie. 

2.   Pasty,  meat  pudding. 

Meclianic,  n.  Artisan,  artificer,  craftsman,  handi- 
craftsman, operative,  workman,  hand. 

Mechanical,  a.     Involuntary,  blind,  automatic. 

Mechanism,  n.  Machinery,  mechanical  construc- 
tion. 

Meddle,  V.  n.     Interfere,  intermeddle,  interpose. 

Meddler,  n.     Intermeddler,  busybody. 

Meddlesome,  )  a.   Interfering,  intermeddling,  prag- 

Meddling,       )      matical,  officious,  intrusive. 

Meddle  with.  Deal,  treat,  take  part,  have  to 
do. 

Mediaeval,  a.  [Written  also  Medieval.]  Middle- 
age. 

Medial,  a.    Mean,  average. 

Median,  a.     Middle. 

Mediate,  a.    I.  Middle. 

2.   Interposed,  intervening. 
Mediate,  v.  «.     Interpose,  intercede,  arbitrate. 
Mediation,  «.     I.    Intercession. 

2.   Interposition,  intervention,  arbitration,  me- 
diate agency. 
Mediator,  «.      I.   Intercessor,  advocate,  propitia- 
tor, interceder,  arbitrator,  umpire. 
2.   Christ,  Jesus,  the  Messiah. 
Medical,  a.     I.   Of  medicine,  of  the  healing  art. 
2.   Medicinal,  healing,  curative,  sanatory,  thera- 
peutic, therapeutical. 
Medicament,    n.       Remedy,    medicine,    healing 

application. 
Medicate,  v.  a.      I,  Tincture  or  impregnate  with 
something  medicinal. 
2.    Heal,  cure,  treat  with  medicine. 
Medicinal,  a.    Healing,  curative,  medical,  medica- 
tive, sanatory,  therapeutic,  therapeutical. 
Medicine,    «.        I.     Drug,    physic,    medicament, 
remedy,  remedial  agent. 
2.   Healing  art. 
Medieval,  a.     See  Medi.«val. 
Mediocre,  a.    Indifferent,  ordinary,  commonplace, 

middling,  mean,  medium,  average. 
Mediocrity,  n.      I.    Inferiority,  moderate  degree, 
middle  state. 

2.  Average,  average  standard,  medial  standard 

3.  Moderation,  temperance. 

Meditate,  v.  a.    I.  Plan,  contrive,  devise,  scheme, 

concoct,  intend,  purpose,  design. 

2.    Contemplate,  study,  chew,  ruminate,  think 

on,  reflect  upon,  revolve  in  the  mind,  turn  over 

in  the  mind,  dwell  intently  upon,  chew  the  cud 

upon. 
Meditate,   v.   n.     Muse,  ponder,  think,  cogitate, 

ruminate,  study,  contemplate,  reflect,  rack,  beat. 


MEDITATION 


269 


MEMORABLE 


or  cudgel  one's  brains,  collect  one's  thoughts, 

advise  with  one's  pillow. 
Meditation,  n.     Contemplation,  reflection,  study, 

musing,  pondering,  deep  thought,  close  attention. 
Mediterranean,  a.    I.  Midland. 

2.    Inland,  mediterraneous. 
Medium,  a.     Middle,  mean,  middling,  mediocre- 
Medium,  n.     I.    Intervening  substance,  pervading 

substance. 

2.  Means,  instrumentality,  agency. 

3.  Mean,  moderation. 

4.  Mean  average,  mean  proportion,  mean. 

5.  {Painting.)     Menstruum. 

6.  {Log^.)    Middle  term. 

Medley,  ».  Mixture,  miscellany,  jumble,  farrago, 
hotch-potch,  hodge-podge,  salmagundi,  gallimau- 
fry, mish-raash,  pot-pourri,  olio,  tnilangCt  con- 
fusitd  mass. 

Meed,  «.    I.   Reward,  recompense,  remuneration, 
award,  guerdon,  premium,  prize. 
2.   Gift,  present. 

Meedful,  a.     Deserving,  worthy. 

Meedfuliy,  ad.     Suitably. 

Meek,  a.  Humble,  lowly,  submissive,  yielding, 
pacific,  unassuming,  mild,   soft,  gentle,  modest. 

Meekness,  «.  Mildness,  gentleness,  humbleness, 
humility,  lowliness,  modesty,  submission,  submis- 
siveness. 

Meer,  a.     See  Mere,  a. 

Meer,  «.     See  Mere,  n. 

Meerschanm,    ».      {Min.)      I.     Magnesite,    sea- 
foam,  hydrous  silicate  of  magnesia. 
2.   Tobacco  pipe  made  of  meerschaum. 

Meet,  a.  Fit,  proper,  fitting,  befitting,  suitable, 
suited,  adapted,  appropriate,  qualified,  conven- 
ient. 

Meet,  V.  a.  I,  Come  together  {from  opposite 
direct  io*is). 

2.  Confront,  encounter,  come  up  to  face  to 
face,  engage. 

3.  Find,  meet  with,  light  on,  fall  upon,  fall  in 
with,  happen  up>on,  get,  gain,  receive. 

4.  Fulfil,  comply  with,  satisfy,  gratify,  answer. 
Meet,  V.  H.     I.  Come  together,  come  face  to  face, 

join  each  other. 

2.  Encounter  one  another,  join  battle. 

3.  Unite,  join,  converge. 

4.  Assemble,  congregate,  muster,  collect,  come 
together,  meet  together. 

Meetinsf,  n.     I.   Interview,  encounter. 

2.  Assembly,  assemblage,  congregation,  con- 
course, gathering,  company,  collection  of  people, 
convention,  conference,  auditory. 

3.  Conflux,  joining,  confluence,  junction,  union. 

4.  Duel,  hostile  encounter. 
Meeting-iiouse,   «.      Church,  temple,    house    of 

worship,  house  of  God. 
Meet  with.     I.    Find,  meet,  light  on,  fall  upon, 
fall  in  with,  happen  upon,  come  to. 

2.  Suffer,  be  subjected  to,  be  exposed  to, 
encounter. 

3.  Join,  unite  in  company. 

4.  Obviate. 

Melancholic,  a.  I.  Dejected,  depressed,  hypo- 
chondriac, dispirited,  melancholy. 

2.  Sombre,  gloomy,  unhappy,  mournful, 
dismal. 

Melancholy,  «.  Dejection,  depression,  gloomi- 
ness, sadness,  gloom,  despondency,  hypochon- 
dria, blues,  blue  devils,  dumps,  vapors,  low 
spirits,  depression  of  spirits. 

Melancholy,  a.  I.  Dejected,  dispirited,  de- 
pressed, sad,  sorrowful,  unhappy,  disconsolate, 
doleful,  dismal,  lugubrious,  moody,  gloomy, 
hypochondriaCj  dumpish,  mopish,  glum,  down- 
cast, desponding,  down-hearted,  low-spirited, 
cast  down,  in   the   dumps,  down  in  the  mouth, 


out   of   sorts,   lackadaisical,   atrabilious,    blue, 
hippish. 

2.  Calamitous,  afflictive,  unfortunate,  unlucky. 

3.  Grave,  gloomy,  sombre,  dark,  quiet,  sad. 
Melange,   «.      [Fr.l      Mixture,   medley,    farrago, 

jumble,   hodge-podge,  hotch-potch,  salmagundi, 

olio,      mingle-mangle,     pot-pourri,    gallimaufry, 

mish-mash,  oUa-podrida. 
Melee,  «.     [Fr  ]     Fight  {of  combatants  confusedly 

mixed),  affray,  contest,  fray,  broil,  brawl,  scuffle, 

mellay,  hand-to-hand  conflict. 
Melibean,   I  a.     [In  rhet.  attdpoetry.'\    Alternate, 
Meliboean,  i      alternating,  alternately  responsive. 
Melic,  a.     Lyric,  tuneful,  melodious. 
Meliorate,  v.  a.     Improve,  better,  mend,  amend, 

emend,  ameliorate,  make  better. 
Melioration,      ».       Improvement,     amendment, 

emendation,   amelioration,   betterment. 

MeUey,'!'*'     Conflict.     See  Mel6b. 

Mellifluence,  n.  Smoothness,  softness,  mellow- 
ness, sweetness,  sweet  flow. 

Mellifluent,  I  a.     Smooth,  soft,  mellow,  euphoni- 

Mellifluous,  )  ous,  euphonic,  sweet,  silver-toned, 
sweetly  flowing,  dulcet,  silvery. 

Mellite,  «.     Honey-.stone. 

Mellow,  a.     I.    Ripe,  mature. 

2.  Soft,    mellifluous,     smooth,      silver-toned, 
sweetly  flowing,  rich,  dulcet,  silvery. 

3.  Soft,  rich,  delicate. 

4.  Softened,  matured,  good-humored,  genial, 
jovial. 

5.  Soft,  loamy,  unctuous,  rich,  mellowy. 

6.  Perfected,  well  prepared. 

7.  Tipsy,  fuddled,  disguised,  intoxicated,  half 
seas  over 

Mellow,  V.  a.     I.   Ripen,  mature. 

2.  Soften,  tone  down,  smooth  down,  mature, 
improve. 

3.  Soften,  pulverize. 

4.  Perfect,  bring  to  perfection. 
Melodious,  a.     Musical,   tuneful,  sweet,  dulcet, 

ariose,  harmonious. 
Melody,  «.     I.   Pleasing  succession  of  sounds  (as 
distinguished  from   harmony  or  the  concord  of 
sounds),  sweetness  of  sound,  music. 

2.  Song,  descant,  tune. 

3.  Air,  tune,  theme. 

Melt,  V.  a.  I.  Liquefy  (3y  Juat),  fuse,  dissolve, 
thaw. 

2.  Soften,     make    gentle,    make  susceptible, 
mollify,  subdue,  relax. 

3.  Dissipate,  waste  away. 

Melt,  V.  n.     I.   Dissolve,  become  liquid. 

2.  Be    softened,    be    made    gentle,  become 
tender. 

3.  Be  dissolved,  lose  substance. 

4.  Blend,  shade,  pass. 

5.  Be  weakened,  oe  broken,  be  subdued. 
Melting,  a.     I.  Dissolving,  softening. 

2.   Affecting. 
Melting,  «.     I.   Fusion. 

2.    Inteneration. 
Member,  «.    I.  Limb. 

2.  Part,  portion,  constituent,  component,  sub- 
ordinate part. 

3.  Head,  clause,  branch. 
Membership,  «.     I.   Being  a  member. 

2.   Society,    association,    members,    body    of 
members,  community. 
Memento,  «.    Memorial,  remembrancer,  souvenir. 
Memoir,  «.     I.   Personal  narrative,  familiar  biog- 
raphy. 
2.   Record,  register,  journal,  written  account. 
Memorable,  a.     Signal,  notable,  remarkable,   ex- 
traordinary, illustrious,  celebrated,  distinguished, 
famous,  great. 


MEMORANDUM 


270 


MERRIMENT 


Memorandtun,  n.    Note,  minute. 

Memorial,   n.      I.    Monument,    commemorative 

record,  memento. 
2.    Memorandum,  record,  remembrancer. 
Memorial,  a.     Commemorative. 
Memoria  teclinica.     [L.]    Mnemonics,  technical 

memory,  artificial  memory. 
Memoriter,  ad.     From  memory,  by  heart. 
Memorize,  v.  a,    I.   Learn,  learn  by  heart,  commit 

to  memory. 
2.   Cause  to  be  remembered,  hand  down  to 

memory  by  records,  record. 
Memory^     «•      I.     Recollection,     remembrance, 

reminiscence. 

2.  Remembrance. 

3.  Memorial,  commemorative  record,  monu- 
mental record. 

4.  Fame,  renown,  reputation,  celebrity. 
Menace,  ».  a.     I.    Threaten. 

2.   Threaten,  intimidate,  alarm. 
Menace,  «.     Threat,  threatening. 
Menage,  «.     I.   Household. 

2.    Housekeeping,  household  management. 
Mend,  V.  a.     I.   Repair,  refit,  retouch,  patch  up, 
touch  up,  restore. 

2.  Improve,  ameliorate,  meliorate,  correct, 
rectify,  reform,  amend,  emend,  make  better. 

3.  Help,  advance,  further,  improve. 

4.  Increase,  add  to,  augment,  make  greater. 
Mend,  V.  n.     Improve,  amend,  become  better. 
Mendacious,  a.     False,  lying,  deceitful. 
Mendacity,   «.      I.    Disposition  to  lie,  habit   of 

lying,  falsehood,  habitual  lying,  duplicity,  deceit, 
untruthfulness,  deception. 
2.    Falsehood,  lie,  untruth. 

Mendicancy,  «.     Beggary,  mendicity. 

Mendicant, «.    Beggar. 

Mendicity,  «•    Beggary,  mendicancy. 

Mendose,  a.     False,  spurious,  counterfeit. 

Menhaden,  «.    See  Manhadhn. 

Menial,  a.     Servile,  low,  mean,  base. 

Menial,  «.  Servant,  domestic,  waiter,  attendant, 
lackey,  underling,  flunky,  understrapper,  valet, 
footman,  slave,  serf,  bondsman. 

Meniver,  «.  [Written  also  Miniver. '\  Ermine, 
stoat. 

Menses,  «.  pi.  Catamenia,  monthly  courses,  men- 
strual discharges,  menstrual  flux. 

Menstrual,  a.    I.  Monthly. 
2.   Catamenial. 

Menstruum,  «.     Solvent,  medium. 

Mensurable,  a.     Measurable. 

Mensuration,  n.    I.   Measuring,  measurement. 
2.   Surveying,  survey. 

Mental,  a.     Intellectual,  ideal. 

Mention,  «.     Cursory  reference  or  allusion. 

Mention,  z>.  a.  Declare,  name,  tell,  state,  com- 
municate, impart,  report,  disclose,  divulge,  cite, 
speak  of,  make  known,  make  mention  of,  allude 
to,  refer  to. 

Mentor,  «.  Counsellor,  adviser,  monitor,  guide, 
instructor. 

MephitiC,      I  a.     Fetid,   foul,   noisome,    noxious, 

Mephitical,  I      poisonous,  pestilential,  baleful. 

MepMtic  air.  Carbonic  acid,  carbonic-acid  gas, 
foul  air,  choke-damp. 

MljMtism,|«-    ^^^^^    Noxious  exhalation. 
Meracious,  a.    I.   Pure,  unadulterated,  unmixed. 

2.   Strong,  racy. 
Mercantile,  a.     Commercial,  trading. 

Mercenariness, «.    Venality. 

Mercenary,  a.  I.  Hired,  purchased,  paid,  hire- 
ling, venal. 

2.  Sordid,  avaricious,  covetous,  penurious, 
parsimonious,  stingy,  miserly,  niggardly,  mean, 
selfish,  close. 


3.   Selfisli,  sordid. 

Mercenary, «.    Hireling. 

Merchandise,  «.     Commodities,  goods,  wares. 

Merchant,  «.  Trader  {^particularly  a  -wholesale 
trader),  tradesman,  dealer. 

Merchantable,  a.     Marketable,  salable,  vendible. 

Merchantman,  «.  Trading  vessel,  merchant- 
ship. 

Merciful,  a.  I.  Clement,  lenient,  pitiful,  forgiv. 
ingj  gracious,  compassionate. 

2.   Kind,   compassionate,    tender,    benignant, 
mild,  gentle,  pitiful,  tender-hearted,  humane. 

Merciless,  a.  Pitiless,  cruel,  unfeeling,  unmerci- 
ful, uncompassionate,  inexorable,  unrelenting, 
relentless,  fell,  hard-hearted,  severe,  barbarous, 
savage,   unsparing. 

Merciuial,  a.  I.  Sprightly,  active,  spirited, 
quick,  lively,  prompt,  nimble. 

2.  Light-hearted,  gay,  lively,  cheerful. 

3.  Flighty,     fickle,     changeable,     inconstant, 
volatile,  mobile. 

4.  Money-making,  commercial,  trading,  crafty. 

5.  Of  mercury  or  quicksilver,  hydrargyrum. 

6.  Directing,  pointing  out,  giving  intelligence, 
guiding. 

Mercury,  «.    I.   Hermes. 

2.  Quicksilver. 

3.  Poison  ivy  {Rhus  toxicodendron). 

4.  Messenger,  intelligencer. 

5.  Newspaper  vender,  newsboy. 

6.  Newspaper. 

Mercy,  «.  I.  Clemency,  lenity,  lenience,  leni- 
ency, compassion,  pity,  tenderness,  kindness, 
mildness,  gentleness,  benevolence. 

2.  Blessing,  providential  favor. 

3.  Pity,  compassion,  grace. 

4.  Discretion,  disposal. 

5.  Pardon,  forgiveness. 
Mercy-seat,  n.     I.   Propitiatory. 

2.   Throne  of  God. 
Mere,  a.     I.   Bare,  simple,  nothing  else  but. 

2.    Absolute,    entire,    unmixed,    pure,    sheer, 
bare. 
Mere,  n.    Pool,  lake,  pond. 

Merely,  ad.  I.  Simply,  purely,  only,  solely, 
barely. 

2.   Purely,  absolutely,  utterly,  entirely. 
Merestead,  n.    Farm. 
Meretricious,  a.    I.  Of  harlots. 

2.  Libidinous,  lustful. 

3.  Deceitful   (fiy  false  show),  spurious,  false, 
sham,  make-believe,  tawdry,  showy,  gaudy. 

Merge,  v.  a.     Immerse,  immerge,  submerge,  sink, 

burj',  lose,  involve. 
Merge,  v.  «.     Be  lost,  be  swallowed  up,  be  sunk. 
Meridian,  n.    I.  Noon,  noontide,  mid-day,  twelve 

o'clock. 
2.  Summit,  culmination,  zenith,  apex,  climax. 
Meridional,  a.    I.   Southern. 

2.  Southerly. 

3.  Mid-day. 

Merit,  «.     I.   Desert,  worth,  worthiness. 

2.  Excellence,  credit,  worth,  goodness,  worthi- 
ness. 

3.  Reward  deserved,  that  which  is  earned. 

4.  [pi.]    Claim,  right. 

Merit,  v.  a.     I.   Deserve,  have  a  right  to,  be  enti- 
tled to,  earn. 
2.   Deserve,  incur. 

Merit,  V.  n.  Profit,  gain  value,  receive  benefit, 
acquire  desert. 

Meritorious,  a.  Deserving,  worthy,  good,  excel- 
lent, commendable. 

Merling,  «.     Whiting;  {Merlangvs  vulgaris). 

Merriment,  n.  Mirth,  jollity,  gayety,  hilarity, 
joviality,  sportiveness,  jocularity,  liveliness,  frolic, 
noisy  sport,  laughter. 


MERRY 


271 


MIGHTY 


Meny.  a.  I.  Pleasant,  agreeable,  exhilarating, 
delightful,  brisk,  lively,  stirring. 

2.  Mirthful,  jovial,  gleeful,  gay,  hilarious,  sport- 
ive, jocund,  joyous,  facetious,  lively,  jolly,  buxom, 
frolicsome,  blithe,  blithesome,  airy,  gladsome, 
vivacious,  wanton,  light-hearted,  cheerful. 

3.  Mirthful,  sportive,  comical,  droll,  gleeful, 
funny,  sprightly. 

4.  Sarcastic,  satirical. 
Merry-andrew,   «.       Buffoon,   rany,    harlequin, 

scaramouch,  fool,  mountebank,  jester,  droll,  jack- 
pudding,  pickle-herring. 

Merry-maKlng:,  n.  Festival,  convivial  entertain- 
ment, merry  bout. 

Merry-thouglit, «.    Wish-bone. 

Mesll,  «.     Interstice  {of  a  net). 

Mesh,  V.  a.     Ensnare,  entangle,  snare. 

Meshy,  a.     Reticulated,  netted. 

Mesmerism,  n.     Animal  magnetism. 

Mess,  n.    I.   Dish. 

2.  Set  (who  eat  together),  company. 

3.  Medley,  mixture,  miscellany,  mass,  farrago, 
hotch-potch,  hodge-podge,  jumble,  salmagundi, 
mish-mash,  olio,  confused  mass,  milange. 

4.  Muddle,  predicament,  plight,  confusion, 
perplexity,  pickle  {colloq.). 

Mess,  V.  n.  Eat  in  company,  take  meals  at  the 
same  table. 

Message,  n.  Communication,  intimation,  notice, 
word.      • 

Messenger,  n.  ^    I._  Emissary,   express,    courier, 
mercury,  carrier,  intelligencer. 
2.    Harbinger,  forerunner,  herald,  precursor. 

Messiah,  tu     The  Anointed,  Christ  the  Saviour. 

Messieurs,  «.  //.  [Fr.]  (Abbreviated  Messrs.) 
Sirs,  gentlemen. 

Metamorphic,  a.    Changeable,  variable,  mutable. 

MetamorphiC  rocks.     Stratified  primary  rocks. 

Metamorphose,  v.  a.  Transform,  transmute,  trans- 
figure, change  the  form  of. 

Metamorphosis,  «.  Transformation,  transmuta- 
tion, transfiguration,  change  of  form,  raetaph- 
ysis. 

Metaphor,  «.  Similitude  {without  the  signs  of 
cotnpartsori),  simile  (expressed  in  a  word). 

Metajphysical,  a.  Mental,  intellectual,  psycho- 
logical, abstract,  general,  ideal. 

Metaphysics,  «.  I.  Ontology,  science  of  being, 
science  of  existence. 

2.  Philosophy,  first  principles,  science  of  first 
principles. 

3.  Psychology,  pneumatology,  mental  philoso- 
phy, philosophy  of^the  mind,  mental  science. 

Metatarsus,  n.     Instep. 

Mete,  V.  a.    Measure. 

Mete,  ft.  Measure,  bound,  limit,  term,  boundary, 
terminus,  butt. 

Metempirlcal,  a.  (In  metaph.)  TranscendenUl, 
a  priori. 

Metempsychosis,  «.     Transmigration. 

Meteor,  «.     Aerolite,  shooting-star,  falling  star. 

Meteorolite,  «.  Aerolite,  meteoric  stone,  me- 
teorite. 

Method,  ».  I.  W^y  (viewed theoretically),  mode, 
manner,  process,  course,  means,  rule,  modus 
operandi. 

2.  Arrangement,  system,  classification,  orderly 
disposition. 

3.  Order,  regularity,  S3rstem,  rule. 
Methodic,      la.     Orderly,   systematical,    regular, 
Methodical,  J      systematic,  exact,  formal. 
Methodize,  v.  a.     Regulate,  arrange,  put  in  order, 

systematize. 
Methylic-alcohol, «.  Wood-spirit,  pyroxylic  spirit, 
pyroxylic  acid. 


Metre,  «.  Measure  {of  verse),  rhythmical  arrange- 
ment (of  syllabies),  poetical  measure,  rhythm, 
verse. 

Metrical,  a.     Measured. 

Metropolis,  «.     Chief  city,  capital. 

Metropolitan,  n.     Archbishop,  primate. 

Mettle,  n.  I.  Stuff,  material,  constitution,  ele- 
ment. 

2.  Disposition,  character,  temper,  spirit. 

3.  Spirit,   nerve,  vigor,   ardor,   pluck,    hardi- 
hood, courage,  fire,  sprightliness,  life. 

Mettlesome,  «.  Spirited,  ardent,  fiery,  lively,  gay, 
brisk,  sprightly,  courageous,  high-spirited. 

Mew,  n.     Gull,  sea-mew,  cob,  sea-cob. 

Mew,  V.  a.      I.    Confine,  encase,  coop,  imprison, 
shut  up,  enclose. 
2.   Shed  (feathers),  moult,  cast,  change. 

Mewl,  V.  n.     Cry,  squall,  bawL 

Mews,  n.  pi.     Stables. 

Mezzo,  a.     (\xi  music.)    Middle,  mean,  medium. 

Mezzorilievo,  «.     Middle  relief. 

Miasm,    )  n.      Malaria,   noxious  exhalation,   bad 

Miasma,  )      air,  floating  effluvia,  infection. 

Michaelmas,  n.  Feast  of  St  Michael,  Septem- 
ber 29. 

Mlckle,  a.     \Scotch.)    Much,  great. 

Microcosm,  n.     I.   Little  world,  little  cosmos. 

2.  Epitome  of  the  universe,  man. 

3.  Little  community,  little  society,  the  world 
in  little,  the  world  in  miniature. 

Microscopic,      \a.       I.     \_Applied  to    the   eye.'\ 
Microscopical,  I      Able  to  see  minute  objects. 

2.  With  a  microscope,  by  the  aid  of  a  micro- 
scope. 

3.  Very  small,  very  minute. 
Microzoa,  n.  pi.     Infusoria,  phytozoaria. 
Mid,  a.     Middle,  intervening. 

Mid -day,  a.     Meridional, 

Mid-day,  n.    Noon,  noontide,  meridian,  high  noon. 

Middle,  a.      I.   Mean,  medial,  halfway,  between 
the  extremes. 
2.    Intermediate,  intervening. 

Middle,  n.     I.   Midst,  centre,  central  part. 
2.   Mean,  .something  intermediate. 

Middle-age,  a.     Mediaeval. 

Middleman,  «.      I.   Agent,  broker,  factor,  inter- 
mediary, go-between. 
2.   Commoner. 

Middle  classes.     Bourgeoisie. 

Middling,  a.  Ordinary,  average,  moderate,  passa- 
ble, tolerable,  mediocre,  medium. 

Midland,  a.     I.   inland. 
2.   Mediterranean. 

Midnight,  n.  The  dead  of  night,  twelve  o'clock  at 
night. 

Midriff,  «.     Diaphragm. 

Midst,  n.     Middle,  thick,  heart. 

Midsummer,  n.     Summer  solstice. 

Midwife,  «.     Accoucheuse. 

Midwifery,  «.     Obstetrics. 

Midwinter,  n.     Winter  solstice. 

Mien,  «.  Air,  look,  aspect,  manner,  port,  carriage, 
demeanor,  appearance,  bearing,  countenance, 
deportment. 

Mifi,  n.    (Colloq.)    Pique,  slight  resentment. 

Miff,  V.  a.  (Colloq.)  Affront,  displease,  ofTend 
slightly. 

Might,  «.  Power,  strength,  puissance,  force,  main, 
potency,  efficacy,  ability,  efiSciency. 

Mightily,  ad.     I.  Vigorously,  vehemently,  earn- 
estly, powerfully,  forcibly. 
2.   Greatly,  very  much  (colloq.). 

Mightiness,  ».     I.  Power,  greatness. 
2.   Highness,  excellency. 

Mighty,  a.  I,  Strong,  powerful,  robust,  vigorous, 
sturdy,  puissant,  courageous,  valiant,  valorous, 
bold,  able. 


MIGHTY 


272 


MINISTER 


2.  Strong,  powerful,  potent,  puissant. 

3.  Vast,   enorraous,   immense,   huge,   stupen- 
dous, monstrous,  very  great. 

4.  Violent,  vehement,  impetuous,  tempestuous. 

5.  Forcible,  efficacious,  effective. 

6.  Important,  momentous,  very  great. 

7.  Wonderful,  powerful. 

8.  Excellent,  high. 

liUgbty,  ad.    (Collog.)    Very,  in  a  great  degree. 

Migratory,  a.  Nomadic,  wandering,  roving,  un- 
settled. 

Mikado,  «.     Emperor  of  Japan. 

Milch,  a.     Milk-giving  (^applied  only  to  beasts). 

Mild,  a.  I.  Tender,  kind,  gentle,  merciful,  clem- 
ent, compassionate,  indulgent,  pacific. 

2.  Soft,  gentle,  bland,  pleasant,  suave. 

3.  Placid,  calm,  tranquil,  soft,  gentle,  pleasant, 
kind. 

4.  Soft,  gentle,  pleasant. 

5.  Lenitive,   assuasive,   mollifying,    soothing, 
emollient,  demulcent. 

Mildew,  n.    Blight,  blast,  mould,  must,  mustiness, 

smut,  rust. 
Milesian,  ».     Irishman,  Paddy,  Hibernian,  son  of 

Erin. 
Militancy,  n.     Warfare,  militarism. 
Militant,  a.     Fighting,  contending,  combating, 
Blilitaiy,  a.     I.    Martial. 

2.  Soldierly,  soldier-like. 

3.  Warlike. 

MllltaX7,  n.  Soldiery,  army,  body  of  soldiers, 
soldiers,  militia. 

Militate  against.  War  against,  contend  against, 
operate  against,  be  opposed  to,  be  repugnant  to, 
be  hostile  to. 

BUUtia,  «.     Trainband. 

MilMness,  n.     I.   Lactescence. 
2.   Mildness,  softness. 

Milk-livered,  a.  Cowardly,  timorous,  white- 
livered. 

Milkmaid,  n.     Dairymaid, 

Milksop,  ».     I.   Piece  of  bread  sopped  in  milk. 
2.    Effeminate  man,  feeble-minded  man. 

Milkweed,  n.  Silkweed,  wild  cotton  {Asclepias 
syriaca). 

Milky,  a.  I.  Resembling  milk,  milk-like,  lacteal, 
lacteous. 

2.  Milk-like,  emulsive,  softening. 

3.  Yielding  milk. 

4.  Soft,  mild,  gentle. 
Milky-way, «.  Galaxy. 
Mill,  n.     I.    Manufactory. 

2.   \U.  S.^    One  tenth  of  a  cent. 
Mill,  V.  a.     I.   Grind,  comminute,  pulverize,  pow- 
der, levigate. 

2.  Stamp  {as  coin)  on  the  edge> 

3.  YmW  (as  cloth). 

4.  Throvi  {as  sUk). 

Miller, «.    Moth. 

Miller's-thuml),   n.      River  bull-head    (Coitus 

^obio). 
Mllliary,  n.     Mile-stone. 
Million,  n.     I.   A  thousand  thousand. 

2.  Very  great  number. 

3.  [  JVith  tfie  definite  article.^  The  multitude, 
the  public,  the  masses,  the  great  body  of  the 
people. 

Millionnaire,  «.  Nabob,  Croesus,  Dives,  capi- 
talist, very  rich  person,  person  of  great 
wealth. 

Mill-tooth,  n.     Molar-grinder. 

Milt,  «.     I.   {Anat.\    Spleen. 

2.  Semen  (of/ishes),  sperm,  soft  roe. 

Milter,  «.     Male  fish. 

Mime,  n.     Mimic. 

Setlcal,  1  '*•    I™>'a*»ve>  ™i'°'c. 


Mimic,     )  a.    I.   Imitative,  mimetic,  mimetical. 

Mimical,)  2.    Imitated. 

Mimic,  V.  a.    Ape,  imitate,  mock,  counterfeit. 

Mimic,  n.    Mime. 

MinaciotlS,  a.     Threatening,  menacing,  minatory. 

Minaret,  «.     Turret  {o/a  Mahometan  mosque). 

Minatory,    a.     Threatening,     menacing,      mina- 
cious. 

Mince,  v.  a.  I.  Hash,  cut  into  small  pieces,  chop 
fine. 

2.  Extenuate,  palliate,  be  mealy-mouthed 
about,   be   reserved   in   speaking  of. 

Mince,  v.  «.    Affect  delicacy. 

Mince-meat,    I       r-u       j       . 

Minced-meat, )  '^'    Chopped  meat 

Mince-pie,  n.    Meat-pie. 

Mincing,  a.     Affected,  over-nice. 

Mind,  «.     I,   Soul,  spirit,  inner  man. 

2.  Intellect,  understanding,  reason,  sense, 
brains,  thinking  principle,  intellectual  powers, 
common-sense,  intellectual  faculties. 

3.  Disposition,  cast  of  thought. 

4.  Inclination,  disposition,  will,  wish,  liking, 
desire,  intention,  purpose,  choice,  intent,  affec- 
tion. 

5.  Belief,  opinion,  thought,  sentiment,  reflec- 
tion, contemplation,  consideration,  judgment. 

6.  Memory,  remembrance,  recollection. 

7.  Courage,  spirit. 

Mind,  V.  a.  I.  Notice,  note,  heed,  regard,  mark, 
attend  to,  take  notice  of,  pay  attention  to,  give 
heed  to,  fix  the  mind  on. 

2.  Obey,  be  obedient  to,  attend  to,  regard  with 
submission,  observe. 

3.  {Poetical.')    Remind,  put  in  mind. 
Mind,  V.  n.     Mean,  design,  incline,  intend,  be  in- 
clined, be  disposed. 

Mindful  of.    Regardful  of,  heedful  of,  observant 

of,  attentive  to,  thoughtful  of 
Mindless,  a.     I.   Destitute  of  mind. 

2.  Stupid,  unthinking,  dull,  heavy,  senseless, 
sluggish,  insensible. 

3.  Regardless,  careless,  heedless,  forgetful, 
neglectful,  negligent. 

Mine,  v.  a.     I.   Sap,  undermine. 
2.   Ruin,  destroy  {secretly). 

Mineral,  «.     Inorganic  body. 

Mineral  oil.  Petroleum,  mineral  tar,  rock  oil, 
stone  oil,  Barbadoes  tar,  Seneca  oil. 

Mineral  pitch.  Asphaltum,  native  bitumen, 
Jew's   pitch. 

Mineral  tar.     See  Mineral  oil. 

Minever,  «.  [Written  also  Meniver^  Miniver.,  and 
Mini/er.l    Ermine,  white  stoat. 

Mingle,  v.  a.  I.  Mix,  intermix,  commingle,  inter- 
mingle, compound,  blend,  combine,  join,  commix. 

2.  Confound,  confuse,  jumble. 

3.  Contaminate,  alloy. 

Miniature,  «.  Small  portrait,  reduced  scale. 
Miniature,  a.  Little,  small,  diminutive,  tiny. 
Minikin,  a.     Small,  little,  diminutive,  wee,  tiny, 

pygmy,  pygmean,  Liliputian,  dwarfish. 
Minim,  ».    I.  Dwarf 

2.  Drop,  sixtieth  part  of  a  drachm. 

3.  (Mus.)    Two  crotchets,  half  a  semibreve. 

4.  Minnow. 

5.  Minion,  a  small  tjrpe. 
Minimum,  n.     Least  quantity,  least  part 
Mining,  a.     I.    Burrowing. 

2.   Insidious,  subtle. 
Minion,  «.     Favorite  {in  an  ill  sense),  creature, 

dependant,  parasite,  hanger-on. 
Minister,    «.      I.   Servant,    subordinate,    agent, 
underling,  assistant. 

2.  Administrator  {of  exeaitive  authority),  ex- 
ecutive officer  {of  a  sovereign  or  of  a  govern- 
■ment),  official. 


MINISTER 


273 


MISEMPLOYMENT 


3.  Ambassador,  envoy,  plenipotentiary,  dele- 
gate. 

4.  Clergyman,  divine,  priest,  parson,  ecclesi- 
astic, churchman,  pastor. 

minister,  v.  a.  Furnish,  afford,  supply,  admin- 
ister, give. 

Minister,  v.  n.  I.  Serve,  perform  service,  do 
service,  officiate,  attend,  administer. 

2.   Aid,  help,  assist,  succor,  give  assistance  to, 
supply  with  what  is  needed,  contribute. 

Ministerial,  a.  I.  Attendant,  subservient,  sub- 
sidiary, conducive,  assistant. 

2.  Executive,  ambassadorial,  official. 

3.  Sacerdotal,  ecclesiastical,  priestly,   official, 
clerical. 

Ministration,  «.     I.   Agency,  instrumentality. 

2.    Service,  ecclesiastical  function. 
Ministry,  «.     I.    Service,  instrumentality,  agency, 
aid,  interposition,  ministration,  intervention. 

2.  Office  of  a  clergyman,  ecclesiastical  function. 

3.  Cabinet,   council,  administration,   body  of 
ministers. 

4.  Administration,  ministry. 
Minium,  «.     Red  lead,  red  oxide  of  lead. 
Mink,  H.     Minx,  North -American  pole-cat,  minx- 
otter,  vison-otter,  vison-weasel  (Mustela  vison). 

Minnow,  n.     Minim,  pink  {Leuciscus phoxintis). 
Minor,  a.     I.    Less,  smaller. 

2.  Inferior,  subordinate. 

3.  Inconsiderable,  petty,  unimportant,  small. 

iSnSSte,  !  «•     Franciscan  friar. 
Minority,  «.     I.   Nonage,  pupilage. 

2.   Smaller  number. 
Minster,  n.     Cathedral  church. 
Minstrel,  n.     Musician,  singer,  bard. 
Minstrelsy,  «.     Music,  melody,  harmony,  song. 
Mint,  V.  a.     I.   Coin,  stamp  {as  money). 

2.   Invent,  forge,  fabricate,  fashion,  produce. 
Minns,  a.     I.   Less. 

2.   Negative. 
Minute,  a.     I.   Little,  slender,   diminutive,  fine, 
very  small,  tiny. 

2.    Circumstantial,  particular,  critical,  precise, 
exact,  detailed. 
Blinate,  «.     I.   Sixtieth   part  of  an  hour,   sixty 
seconds. 

2.  Sixtieth  part  of  a  degree. 

3.  Note,  memorandum. 

Minute,  V.  a.     Note,  take  a  note  of,  jot  down.  ^ 
Minutiae,  n.  pi     [L.]     Minute  particulars,  minor 

details. 
Minx,  n.    I.   See  Mink. 

2.  Hussy,    jade,   quean,    baggage,    pert  girl, 
wanton  girl. 

3.  She-puppy. 

Miracle,  «.     Marvel,  wonder,  prodigy. 
Miraculous,  a.     I.    Supernatural. 

2.    Wonderful,  extraordinary,  passing  strange, 
very  strange,  unaccountable,  incredible. 
Mire,  n.     Mud,  ooze,  slime. 
Mire,  v.  n.     Sink  in  mud. 
Mirk,  «.     Darkness,  gloom. 

j^jjj.j.'     I  a.     Dark,  gloomy.     See  Murky. 

Mirror,  «.     I.    Reflector,  looking-glass. 

2.  Speculum. 

3.  Pattern,  model,  exemplar,  example,  proto- 
type, archetype,  paragon. 

Mirror,  v.  a.     Reflect. 

Mirth,  n.  Merriment,  hilarity,  jollity,  joviality, 
gayety,  merry-making,  sport,  fiin,  joyousness, 
gladness,  frolic,  glee,  festivity,  laughter. 

MirtMtll,  <z.     I,    Merry,  jovial,  gay,  lively,  festive, 
joyful,  joyous,  cheery,  hilarious,  cheerful,  jocund, 
vivacious,  jolly,  playful,  sportive,  frolicsome. 
2.   Funny,  comic,  droll,  merry,  jocose,  jocular, 


humorous,  sportive,  witty,  facetious,  waggish, 
ludicrous. 

Miry,  a.     Muddy,  slimy. 

Misacceptation,  «.  Misunderstanding,  miscon- 
ception, misapprehension. 

Misadventure,  «.  Mischance,  mishap,  misfor- 
tune, reverse,  ill  luck,  disaster,  calamity,  infe- 
licity, cross. 

Misanthrope,  n.     Man-hater,  cynic,  misanthropist. 

Misapply,  V.  a.  Misemploy,  abuse,  pervert,  make 
an  ill  use  of,  misuse,  misimprove. 

Misapprehend,  v.  a.  Misunderstand,  misconceive, 
mistake. 

Misbecoming,  a.  Unbecoming,  unseemly,  im- 
proper, indecorous. 

Misbehaved,  a.  HI  bred,  rude,  unmannerly,  im- 
polite, uncivil. 

Misbehavior,  «.  Misconduct,  miscarriage,  ill 
conduct,  ill  behavior 

Miscalculate,  v.  a.  Misreckon,  miscast,  miscom- 
pute,  miscount,  misestimate. 

Miscall,  V.  a.     Misname,  misterm. 

Miscarriage,  ».  I.  Failure,  mishap,  mischance, 
defeat,  non-success. 

2.  Misconduct,    misbehavior,  ill  conduct,   ill 
behavior. 

3.  {Med.)    Untimely  birth,  premature  birth. 
Miscarry,  v.  n.     I.   Fail,   be   unsuccessful,  be 

defeated. 
2.   Go  wrong,  fail 

Miscegenation,  n.  [Recent  "^  Amalgamation  of' 
races. 

Miscellaneous,  a.  Diversified,  various,  promis- 
cuous, mixed,  mingled,  heterogeneous,  stromatic. 

Miscellany,  n.  Mixture,  medley,  diversity,  va- 
riety, olio,  farrago,  salmagundi,  hodge-podge, 
hotch-potch,  mish-mash,  jumble,  gallimaufry, 
miscellaneous  collection,  milange. 

Mischance,  n.  Misfortune,  mishap,  ill  luck,  mis- 
adventure, calamity,  ill  fortune,  infelicity,  dis- 
aster. 

Mischief,  «.  I.  Evil,  ill,  harm,  injury,  damage, 
hurt,  detriment,  disadvantage,  prejudice. 

2.  'i'rouble,  misfortune,  ul  consequence,  evil. 

3.  Wrong-doing. 

Mischievous,  a.  I.  Hurtful,  injurious,  detri- 
mental, pernicious,  destructive,  noxious,  harmful. 

2.  Vicious,  wicked,  sinful,  malicious. 

3.  Troublesome,  vexatious,  annoying,  naughty. 
MlSCOnceit,  «.     Misconception,   misapprehension, 

misunderstanding,  mistake. 

Misconceive^  v.  a.  Misapprehend,  misunder- 
stand,  misjudge,   mistake. 

Misconduct,  «•     I.   Misbehavior,  ill  conduct,  bad 
conduct. 
2.   Mismanagement,  ill  management. 

Misconduct,  V.  a.     Mismanage,  manage  ill. 

Misconstrue,  v.  a.     I.   Mistranslate,  misrender. 
2.    Misinterpret,  misapprehend,  misjudge,  mis- 
understand. 

Miscreant,  «.  Villain,  scoundrel,  knave,  rascal, 
rogue,  scamp,  vile  wretch,  caitiff. 

Misdate,  n.     Anachronism. 

Misdeed,  n.  Transgression,  trespass,  offence,  de- 
linquency, misdemeanor,  fault,  misdoing,  crime, 
evil  deed. 

Misdemeanor,  «.  Transgression,  trespass,  fault, 
misdeed,  ill  behavior,  misconduct,  misbehavior, 
offence. 

Misdoer,  «.     Offender,  criminal,  malefactor. 

Misdoin?,  n.     Offence,  misdeed,  fault. 

Misdoubt,  n.     I.   Suspicion. 
2.    Irresolution,  hesitation. 

Misemploy,  v.  a.  Misuse,  misapply,  pervert, 
abuse,  make  an  ill  use  of. 

Misemployment,  n.  Misuse,  abuse,  misappli- 
cation. 


18 


MISER 


274 


MISTRUST 


n.  Niggard,  curmudgeon,  hunks,  skinflint^ 
lickpenny,  churl,  sordid  wretch,  money-grubber, 
screw,  scrimp,  pinch-tist. 
MiserablCt  a.  I.  Unhappy  {as  respects  the  con- 
dition of  the  mind),  wretched,  distressed,  af- 
flicted, comfortless,  disconsolate,  forlorn,  broken- 
hearted, heart-broken. 

2.  Wretched,  pitiable,  calamitous,  unfortunate, 
unlucky,  ill-starred,  unhappy,  hapless. 

3.  Worthless,  valueless,  very  poor  (in  quality). 

4.  Low,    mean,  abject,  despicable,   contemp- 
tible, worthless. 

Miserly^  a.  Covetous,  avaricious,  niggardly,  sor- 
did, stingy,  parsimonious,  penurious,  close,  mean, 
close-fisted. 

Misery,  n.  I.  Distress,  wretchedness,  woe, 
tribulation,  desolation,  sorrow,  grief,  affliction, 
heartache,  heavy  heart,  bleeding  heart,  broken 
heart,  great  unhappiness,  suffering,  anguish,  tor- 
ment. 

2.  Distress,    suffering,  wretchedness,  agony, 
torture,  torment,  anguish. 

3.  Calamity,  misfortune,  disaster,  evil. 

Misestimate,  v.  a.     See  Miscalculate. 

Misfortune,  «.  Disaster,  calamity,  reverse,  afflic- 
tion, visitation,  trial,  blow,  stroke,  adversity,  dis- 
tress, hardship,  trouble,  ill  luck,  ill  fortune,  mis- 
hap, mischance,  misadventure,  ill,  harm. 

Misgiving,  «.  Doubt,  distrust,  suspicion,  want  of 
confidence,  hesitation. 

Misgoverned,  a.     I.   Ill-govemed. 

2.   Rude,  unrestrained,  rough,  lawless,  ungov- 
erned. 

Misgovemment,  «.  I.  Maladministration,  mis- 
government. 

2.   Irregularity,  loose  conduct,  licentiousness, 
disorder. 

Misguide,  v.  a.     Mislead,  misdirect. 

Mishap,  «.  Misfortune,  mischance,  misadventure, 
calamity,  ill  luck,  accident,  disaster. 

Mish-mash,  n.  Mixture,  medley,  miscellany, 
hotch-potch,  mingle,  milange. 

Misinterpret,  v.  a.  Misconstrue,  explain  wrongly, 
put  a  wrong  construction  on,  put  a  false  con- 
struction on,  give  a  false  coloring  to. 

Misjudge,  v.  a.  Mistake,  misapprehend,  misun- 
derstand, misconceive. 

Mislay,  v.  a.     I.   Misplace. 
2.   Lose. 

Misle,  V.  n.  [Written  also  Mistle  and  Mizzle?^ 
Drizzle,  mist,  rain  in  imperceptible  drops. 

Mislead,  v.  a.  Delude,  deceive,  guide  astray, 
misguide. 

Mislike,  v.  a.     Dislike,  disapprove  of. 

Mislike,  «.     Dislike,  disapprobation,  aversion. 

Mismanage,  v.  a.  Misconduct,  manage  ill,  make 
a  mess  of,  make  a  botch  of,  make  sad  work  of. 

Mismanagement,  n.  Bad  management,  ill  man- 
agement, ill  conduct,  misrule. 

Misname,  v.  a.     Miscall,  misterm. 

Misnomer,  «.  I.  (Law.)  Misnaming,  mistaking 
of  the  true  name  {of  a  person). 

2.    Wrong  name,  inapplicable  title,  misapplied 
term. 

Misogynist,  «.     Woman-hater. 

Misprision,  «.  I.  Mistake,  misconception,  mis- 
understanding. 

2.  (Law.)    Neglect,  negligence,  contempt. 

3.  Neglect,  oversight,  mistake. 

Misprize,  v.  a.  Undervalue,  underrate,  underes- 
timate, slight,  hold  cheap. 

Misreckon,  v.  a.     See  Miscalculate. 

Misrender,  v.  a.     Misconstrue,  mistranslate. 

Misrepresent,  v.  a.     Misstate,  falsify. 

Misrepresentation,  «.    Misstatement,  falsification. 

Misrule,  «.  I.  Mismanagement,  misgovemment, 
maladministration. 


2.   Disorder,     anarchy,     confusion,     tumult, 
riot. 
Miss,  ».  a.    I.   Fail  to  hit,  fail  to  reach,  fail  of 
hitting,  fail  of  reaching. 

2.  Lose,  fail  of  finding. 

3.  Forego,   pass  by,   leave  out,  go  without, 
omit,  dispense  with. 

4.  Feel  the  want  of,  feel  the  loss  of,  require, 
want,  desiderate. 

Miss,  V.  n.     I.   Fail  to  hit,  fall  short,  miss  one's 
aim,  fly  wide. 

2.  Fail,    miscarry,    not    succeed,    come    to 
nothing,  end  in  smoke. 

3.  Fail,  mistake,  err,  trip,  slip,  fall. 

Miss,  «.     I.    Blunder,  slip,  trip,  oversight,  failure, 
fault,  mistake,  error,  omission. 

2.  Loss,  want,  felt  absence. 

3.  Girl,   lass,  maiden,  damsel,   maid,  young 
lady. 

4.  Spinster,  unmarried  woman,  maiden,  maid. 
Missal,  «.  Mass-book,  prayer-book,  service-book. 
Misshapen,  a.      ill-shaped,   ill-formed,  deformed, 

ugly,  misproportioned,  ungainly,  misformed. 
Missile,  n.     Projectile. 
Missile,  a.     Missive,  to  be  thrown. 
Missing,  a.     Lost,  wanting,  absent. 
Mission,  n.     I.   Commission,  legation. 

2.  Charge,  business,  errand,  office,  duty,  com- 
mission, trust. 

3.  Delegation,  embassy,  deputation,  legation. 

4.  Missionary  station. 

Mission,  v.  a.     Commission,  despatch,  send  forth. 

Missionary,  n.     Evangelist. 

Missish,  a.     Prim,  affected,  lackadaisical. 

Missive,  a.    I.  To  be  sent,  fit  for  sending,  ex- 
pedited. 
2.   Missile  to  be  thrown. 

Missive,  «.     Letter,  message,  communication. 

Miss  of.     Fail  to  find,  lose. 

Misspend,  v.  a.      Squander,   misuse,   waste,  fool 
away,  fritter  away,  muddle  away,  spend  foolishly. 

Misstate,    v.  a.       Misrepresent,     falsify,     state 
wrongly. 

Misstatement,  n.    Misrepresentation,  falsification, 
wrong  statement. 

Misstep,  n.     Wrong  step,  false  step. 

Mist,  n.     I.    Fog,  haze,  cloud. 

2.   Obscurity,  bewilderment,  perplexity,  haze. 

Mist,  V.  a.     Cloud,  cover  with  mist. 

Mist,  V.  n.     Mizzle,  drizzle. 

Mistake,  v.  a.     I.   Misapprehend,  misunderstand, 
misconceive,  misjudge. 

2.  Take  (one  for  another),  confound. 

3.  Mischoose,  take  in  error. 

Mistake,  v.  «.     Err,  make  a  mistake,  be  at  fault, 
be  wide  of  the  mark,  be  on  the  wrong  scent. 

Mistake,  «.     I.   Misapprehension,  misunderstand- 
ing, misconception,  mistaking. 
2.    Blunder,  error,  slip,  fault,  trip,  oversight. 

Mistaken,  a.     I.  Erroneous,  incorrect,  wrong. 
2.   Wrong,  in  error. 

Misterm,  v.  a.     Miscall,  misname,  mistitle. 

Mistily,  ad-     Darkly,  obscurely,  cloudily. 

Mistiness,  «.     Obscurity,  fog,  cloudiness. 

Mistranslate,  v-  a.     Misconstrue,  misrender,  mis- 
interpret. 

Mistreat,  v.  a.      Maltreat,  abuse,  misuse,  ill-treat. 

Mistreatment,  «.     Wrong,  abuse,  maltreatment. 

Mistress,  n.     I.    Female  head,  female  sovereign, 
governess. 

2.  Instructress,  female    teacher,    dame,  gov- 
erness. 

3.  Sweetheart,  flame. 

4.  Concubine,  paramour. 

5.  Goodwife,  matron,  madam. 

Mistrust,  n.     Distrust,  suspicion,   doubt,   misgiv- 
ing, want  of  confidence. 


MISTRUST 


275 


MODIFICATION 


Mistrust,  V.  a.    I.  Distrust,  doubt,  suspect,  be 
suspicious  of. 
2.   Fear,  apprehend,  suspect,  surmise. 

Mistrustful,  a.     Distrustful,  suspicious,  doubting. 

Misty,  a.     Obscure,  dim,  clouded. 

Misunderstand,  v.  a.  Misapprehend,  miscon- 
ceive, mistake. 

Misunderstandlns:,  n.  I.  Misapprehension,  mis- 
conception, error. 

2.  Difference,  disagrecnaent,  dissension,  quar- 
rel, difficulty. 

Misuse,  V.  a.  I.  Misemploy,  misapply,  desecrate, 
profane,  pervert,  put  to  a  wrong  use. 

2.  Abuse,  maltreat,  ill-treat,  ill-use. 

3.  Waste,  squander,  fool  away,  fritter  away, 
muddle  away,  spend  foolishly. 

Misuse,  n.  I.  Abuse,  perversion,  prostitution, 
profanation. 

2.  Abuse,  ill-treatment,  misusage,  ill-usage, 
ill-use. 

3.  Misapplication,  erroneous  use. 

Mite,  n.  Particle,  atom,  monad,  corpuscle,  mole- 
cule. 

Mitigate,  v.  a.  I.  Moderate,  alleviate,  assuage, 
abate,  lessen. 

2.  Appease,  soothe,  soflea,  mollify,  pacify, 
quiet,  still,  calm,  quell,  allay. 

3.  Moderate,  temper,  attemper. 

4.  Diminish,  lessen,  abate. 

Mitigation,  «.  Alleviation,  moderation,  relief, 
abatement,  diminution. 

MitigatiTe,  «.  Lenitive,  lenient,  soothing,  molli- 
fying,  assuaging,  assuasive,  emollient,  mild. 

Miz,  V.  a.     I.  Mingle,  commingle,  commix,  unite, 
combine,  blend,  amalgamate,  compound,  incor- 
porate. 
2.  Join,  associate,  unite  with. 

Mix,  V.  n.     I.   Be  mixed,  be  blended. 

2.   Be  joined,  mingle,  be  associated  with. 

Mixed,  a.     I.   Mingled,  blended,  joined,  associ- 
ated. 
2.    Promiscuous,  of  various  kinds. 

Mixture,  n.  I.  Uuion,  association,  admixture, 
intermixture. 

2.  Compound,  medley,  olio,  farrago,  salma- 
gundi, hotch-potch,  gallimaufry,  hodge-podge, 
olla-podrida. 

3.  Miscellany,  variety,  diversity. 
Mizmaze,  «.     Maze,  labyrinth. 
Mizzen,  a.     {N'aut.)     Hindmost. 

Mizzle,  V.  H.     [Written  also  Mislf  and   Mistle  ] 

Rain  {in  small  drops)^  drizzle,  mist. 
Mnemonic,  a.     I.   Of  tiie  memory. 

2.   For  the  help  of  the  memory,  to  assist  the 

memory. 
Mnemonics,  «.    See  Memoria  technica. 
Moan,  V.  a.    {Poetical.)    Lament,  deplore,  mourn, 

bemoan,  bewail,  weep  for,  grieve  for. 
Moan,  V.  n.     Grieve,  monrn^  make  lamentation. 
Moat,  n.     Ditch,  fosse,  graff. 
Mob,  n.      I.  Tumultuous  rabble,  rude  multitude, 

lawless  crowd. 

2.  Populace,  riff-raff,  lower  orders,  vulgar 
herd,  scum  of  society,  dregs  of  the  people,  rag- 
tag-and-bobtail,  cattailU. 

3.  Mob-cap. 

Mobblsh,  a.    Tumultuous,  mean,  vulgar. 
Mob-cap,  «.    Mob. 
Mobile,  a.     I.    Movable. 

2.  Expressive,  sensitive. 

3.  Changeable,  fickle,  inconstant,  volatile, 
variable. 

Mobility,  n.     I,    Susceptibility  of  motion. 

2.  Aptitude  to  motion,  activity,  nimbleness. 

3.  Changeableness,  fickleness,  inconstancy, 
mutability,  volatility. 

Mob-law,  n.     Lynch-law,  club-law. 


Mock,  V.  a.  I.  Ape,  mimic,  imitate,  counterfeit, 
take  off. 

2.  Deride,  ridicule,  gibe,  jeer,  taunt,  flout, 
insult,  scout,  chaff,  laugh  at,  make  game  of, 
make  fun  of,  treat  with  contempt,  treat  with 
scorn,  make  a  butt  of. 

3.  Illude,  deceive,  disappoint,  balk,  cheat, 
dupe,  fool,  tantalize,  delude,  defeat,  mislead, 
elude. 

4.  Defy,  set  at  nought. 

Mock,  a.  False,  counterfeit,  pretended,  feigned, 
assumed,  sham,  spurious,  clap-trap,  make- 
believe. 

Mock,  n.  Ridicule,  derision,  gibe,  jeer, 
sneer. 

Mocker,  n.     I.   Scoffer,  scomer,   derider,   railer, 
despiser,  jeerer. 
2.    Deceiver,  impostor,  cheat. 

Mockery,  n.  I.  Ridicule,  derision,  scorn,  jeer- 
ing, contemptuous  mimicry. 

2.  Sport,  subject  of  ridicule. 

3.  Show,  imitation,  counterfeit. 

4.  Vain  effort,  fruitless  labor. 
Mock-lead,  «.     [  Term  used  by  miners.  ]    Blende, 

mock-ore,   zinc-blende,   sulphuret  of  zinc,   false 

galena,  black-jack. 
Mock-nightingale,  n.     Black-cap  warbler,  black- 

cap  (Currica  atricapUla). 
Mock-sun,  n.     Parhelion,  sundog,  meteor. 
Mode,  n.     I.    Way  (viewed  practically),  method, 

manner,  style,  fashion. 

2.  Fashion,  custom,  prevailing  style. 

3.  Modification,  quality,  affection,  accident, 
degree,  gradation,  variety. 

Model,  n.  I.  Pattern,  prototype,  archetype, 
mould,  protoplast,  original,  type,  design. 

2.  Pattern,  example. 

3.  Standard,  gauge. 

4.  Copy. 

5.  Image,  copy,  facsimile,  imitation,  repre- 
sentation. 

6.  Mould. 

Model,  V'  a.     Shape,    mould,  form,  plan,  fashion, 

design. 
Moderate,  a.     I.   Temperate,  sparing,  frugal. 

2.  Mediocre. 

3.  Reasonable,  judicious,  deliberate,  cool, 
mild,  calm,  steady. 

4.  Temperate,  mild,  gentle. 

5.  Limited. 

6.  Reasonable,  just 

Moderate,  v.  a.  I.  Assuage,  soothe,  allay,  miti- 
gate, soften,  mollify,  appease,  quiet,  quell,  still, 
pacify,  repress,  subdue,  abate,  reduce,  lessen, 
dull,  blunt. 

2.  Temper,  qualify,  attemper,  diminish. 

3.  Control,  regulate,  govern,  repress. 
Moderation,    «.      I.    Temperance,   frugality,    so- 
briety, forbearance,  restraint. 

2.  Calmness,  coolness,  deliberateness,  sedate- 
ness,  mildness,  equanimity,  composure. 

Moderator,  «.  Chairman,  president,  presiding 
officer,  regulator,  conductor,  manager. 

Modem,  a.  Recent,  late,  new,  novel,  fresh, 
present. 

Modest,  a.  I.  Unpretending,  unobtrusive,  un- 
assuming, retiring,  unostentatious. 

2.  Chaste,  pure,  virtuous. 

3.  Moderate,  decent,  becoming,  proper. 
Modesty,  «.     I.  Unobtrusiveness,  retiring  disposi* 

tion,  freedom  from  presumption. 

2.  Chastity,  purity,  decency. 

3.  Moderation,  decency,  propriety. 
Modictim,  n.     Little,  trifle,  small  quantity. 
Modification,  n.     I.  Alteration,  variation,  quali- 
fication, change. 

2.   Form,  mode,  state,  manner. 


MODIFY 


276 


MONSTROUS 


Modify^  V.  a.    I.  Shape,  alter,  change,  vary,  give 
a  new  form  to. 

2.   Moderate,  qualify,  soften,  lower. 
Modish,  a.     I.    Fashionable,  stylish. 

2.   Conventional,  ceremonious. 
Modulate,  v.  a.     l.    Attune,  harmonize,  tune. 

2.  Inflect  (as  tht  voice),  vary   in   tune  and 
accentuation. 

3.  Proportion,  adjust,  adapt. 

Modus  operandi.      [L]     Process,   way,   method, 
mode  of   operation,   way  of    doing,   manner  of 


operating. 

)lia 


Mahometan,     Mussulman, 


Mohanunedan, 

Moslem. 

Mohanunedanism,  n.  Mahometanism,  Islamism, 
Islam. 

Moiety,  «.    I.  Half. 

2.   Portion,  share,  part. 

Moil>  V.  a.     I.   Daub,  spot,  soil,   defile,   splash, 
bespatter,  stain. 
2.    Fatigue,  weary,  tire. 

Moil,  V.  n.     Labor,  toil,  drudge. 

Moist,  a.     Damp,  humid,  dank,  wet. 

Moisten,  v.  a.     Dampen,  damp. 

Moisture,  n.     Dampness,  humidity,  wetness. 

Molar,  n.  Grinder,  grinding-tooth,  molar  tooth, 
double  tooth,  mill-tooth. 

Mole,  «.  I.  Jetty,  pier,  breakwater,  mound, 
dike. 

2.   {Zo'dl.)    Mouldwarp,  molewarp>. 

Mole-cricket,  n.  Churr-worm,  jarr-worm,  eve- 
churr,  earth-crab,  fen-cricket  ipryllotalpa  vul- 
garis). 

Molecular,  a.     Corpuscular. 

Molecule^  n.  Atom,  ultimate  particle  (^  »«  ele- 
ment), indivisible  particle,  monad. 

Mole-eyed,  a.  Blind,  purblind,  myopic,  short- 
sighted, near-sighted. 

Molest,  V.  a.  Disturb,  trouble,  annoy,  vex,  tease, 
incommode,  discommode,  inconvenience,  harass, 
worry,  plague,  bore,  torment,  bother,  pester, 
harry,  badger,  irritate,  fret,  chafe,  hector,  gull, 
disturb,  disquiet,  oppress. 

Molewarp,  n.     Mole,  mouldwarp,  mould-turner. 

MoUii^^'f  ""•  ^-     !•   Soften,  make  soft. 

2.  Appease,  pacify,  compose,  soothe,  tran- 
quillize, calm,  quiet. 

3.  Assuage,  mitigate,  moderate,  ease,  allay, 
abate,  temper,  attemper,  relieve,  lessen,  dull, 
blunt. 

4.  Qualify,  tone  down,  moderate. 
Mollusca,  ft.  pi.     See  Moi-LUSKS. 

Mollusks,  n.  pi.  Shell-fish  {with  thick  entire 
shells.,  like  the  clam),  testacea,  testaceans. 

Moment,  «.  I.  Instant,  second,  trice,  flash,  jiffy, 
twinkling,  twinkling  of  an  eye,  point  of  time. 

2.  Importance,  consequence,  weight,  signifi- 
cance, value,  import,  force,  consideration,  avail, 
signification,  gravity. 

3.  Momentum,  impulsive  power,  impetus, 
force. 

4.  Element,  factor,  constituent,  essential  cir- 
cumstance, deciding  point. 

Momentarily,  ad.     Momently,  every  moment. 

Momentary,  a.     Instantaneous. 

Momently,  ad.     Momentarily,  every  moment. 

Momentous,  a.  Important,  weighty,  significant, 
grave,  serious,  of  importance,  of  great  conse- 
quence. 

Momentum,  n.     [L.]     I.    Impetus,  moment. 
2.   Constituent,  essential  element,  moment. 

Monachism,  n.  Monkery,  monasticism,  monastic 
life. 

Monad,  n.     I.   Atom,  molecule,  ultimate  particle, 
indivisible  particle. 
2.   {Zo'dl.)     Minute  animacule. 

Monarch,  n.     I.   Autocrat,  despot. 


2.  Sovereign,  king,  emperor,  potentate,  prince, 
ruler,  chief. 

3.  Superior. 

4.  President,  patron  deity,  presiding  genius. 
Monarch,  a.     Supreme,    ruling,   sovereign,  mon- 
archal,   pre-eminent. 

Monarchic,      )  a.     Kingly,  royal,  regal,  imperial, 
Monarchical,  j      sovereign. 
Monarchy,  «.     I.    Kingdom,  empire. 

2.    Kingship,  empire,  rule. 
Monastery,   «.     Convent,  cloister,  abbey,  priory, 

nunnery. 
Monastic,      )  a.      I.   Monkish,    monachal,    con- 
Monastical,  )      ventual,  cenobitic,  cenobitical. 

2.    Secluded,  recluse. 
Monasticism,  «.     Monastic  life,  monachism. 
Monde, «.    I.  World. 

2.    Society,  people  of  the  world. 
Monetary,  a.     Pecuniary. 
Money,  n.     I.   Coin  (or  its  representative),  cash, 

circulating  medium,  standard  of  value,  currency. 
2.   Wealth,  riches. 
Money-broker, «.   Money-changer,  money-dealer. 
Money-chest,  «.     Cofifer,  safe,  strong-box. 
Moneyed,     a.     [Written     also     Monied.]      Rich, 

wealthy,  affluent,  opulent,  well  off,  well  to  do. 
Moneymaking,  a.  Lucrative,  profitable,  gainful. 
Mone3rwort,  «.    Creeping  loosestrife  {Lysimachia 

tnummularid). 
Monger,     «.      {Rare    except    in     composition.) 

Dealer,   trader,   trafficker. 
Mongrel,  a.   [Written  also  Mungrel.']     Hybrid. 
Monition,  «,     I.  Warning,  admonition,  counsel. 
2.    Information,  indication,  advice,  hint,  notice, 

intimation. 
Monitor,  «.    I.   Adviser,  counsellor,  mentor,  ad- 

monisher,  warner. 
2.   Overseer  {in  a  school). 
Monitory,  a.    Warning,  admonishing. 
Monkery,  «.     Monachism,  monasticism. 
Monkflsh,    «.      Angel-fish,   kingston,    kingstone, 

shark-ray  {Squatina  angehis). 
Monk's-hood,  n.     Aconite,  wolfsbane  (Aconitum 

tincinatum). 
Monoclinous,  a.   {Bot.)    Hermaphrodite. 
Monocracy,  «.     Autocracy,  monarchy. 
Monologue, «.     Soliloqujr. 
Monomachy,  «,     Duel,  single  combat. 
Monomania,  n.     Hallucination,  illusion,  delusion, 

self-deception,  partial  insanity,  insanity  on  one 

subject. 
Monopolize,  v.  a.    Forestall,  engross,  engross  the 

whole  of. 
Monopoly,  «.     Exclusive  possession. 
Monospermous,  a.   {Bot.)    One-seeded. 
Monotone,  «.     I.   Single  tone,  unvaried  sound. 

2.    Sameness  or  uniformity  of  tone,  monotony. 
Monotonous,  a.     Uniform,  unvaried. 
Monotony,    n.      Uniformity,    sameness,     tedium, 

want  of  variety. 
Monsieur,  «.    I.  Sir,  Mr. 

2.  French  prince. 

3.  Frenchman,  Johnny  Crapaud  {in  contempt 
or  ridicule). 

Monster,    «.      I.   Prodigy,      enormity,      marvel, 
wonder. 

2.  Prodigy,  monstrosity,  moon-calf,  unnatural 
production. 

3.  Ruffian,  wretch,  miscreant,  villain,  demon, 
brute,  fiend. 

Monstrosity,  «.     I.   Monstrousness. 

2.   Prodigy,  monster. 
Monstrous,  a.     I.   Unnatural,   preternatural,   ab- 
normal, prodigious. 

2.  Huge,  enormous,  immense,  vast,  colossal, 
stupendous,  extraordinary,  prodigious. 

3.  Wonderful,  marvellous,  strange,  prodigious. 


MONSTROUSLY 


277 


MORPHINE 


4.   Shocking,  horrible,  frightful,   hateful,  hid- 
eous, dreadful,  terrible. 
Monstrously,  ad.     I.    Shockingly,   terribly,   hid- 
eously, horribly,  unnaturally. 
2.    Enormously,  extravagantly,  excessively. 
MontolTf  «.     [Fr]     Horse-block. 
Montunent,  »      I.    Memorial,  testimonial,  remem- 
brancer, record. 
2.   Tomb,  gravestone,  cenotaph. 
Monumeiltalf  A-     I«    Of  a  monument. 

2.   Memorial,  commemorative. 
Mood,  «.     Temper,  humor,  disposition,  vein,  frame 

of  mind. 
Moody,  a.     I.   Humorsome,  capricious,  variable. 

2.  Angry,  petulant,  irritable,  irascible,  passion- 
ate, snappish,  pettish,  sour,  crusty,  crabbed, 
waspish,  captious,  snarling,  peevish,  testy,  fret- 
ful, ill-tempered,  out  of  humor,  out  of  temper. 

3.  Sullen,  perverse,  wayward,  sulky,  humor- 
some,  glum,  grum,  glowering,  morose,  spleeny, 
firowning,  stubborn,  dogged,  intractable,  cross- 
grained. 

4.  Gloomy,  melancholy,  sad,  pensive,  ab- 
stracted,  saturnine. 

Moon,  «.     I.    Satellite,  secondary  planet. 
2.   Month,  lunation. 

Moon-calf,  «.     I.    Monster,  deformed  creature. 
2.    Blockhead,  simpleton,  fool,  dunce,  dolt. 

Moonisb,  a.  Variable,  fickle,  flighty,  changeable, 
inconstant. 

Moonlight,  n.     Moonshine. 

Moon-shaped,  a.     Crescent-shaped. 

Moonshine,  n.     I.   Moonlight. 

2.  Nonsense,  trash,  stuff,  twaddle,  fudge,  flum- 
mery, balderdash,  pretence,  fiction,  empty  show, 
fustian,  vanity. 

Moonstlicken,  I  a.     Lunatic,   simple,  foolish,  idi- 

Moonstruck,      •      otic,  hazy,  silly,  bewildered. 

Moor,  n.     I.   Heath,  extensive  waste. 

2.  Mauritanian. 

3.  Blackamoor,  negro,  colored  person. 
Moor,  V.  a.     Secure,  fasten,  fix  firmly. 
Moor-hlizzard,   «.      Harpy,   duck-hawk,    marsh- 
harrier  {Circus  ceruginostts). 

Moor-cock,  «.     Gorcock,  red  grouse,  moor-fowl, 

moor-game,  red  ptarmigan,  red  game  {Lagopus 

Scoticus). 
Moor- hen,  «.     Gallinule,  water-hen,  spotted  crake 

{Gallinula  chloropus,  or  Crex porzanei). 
Moorish,  a      Moresque,  arabesque. 
Moory,  a.     Moorish,  marshy,  fenny,  boggy,  watery. 
Moose,  n.     Elk,  moose-deer  {Cervus  alces  or  A  Ices 

malchis). 

Moose-deer, «.    See  Moosb 

Moot,  V.  a.  Debate,  discuss,  dispute,  argue, 
agitate. 

Mooted,  )  a      Debatable,  disputable,  disputed,  un- 

Moot,       )      settled,  in  question. 

Mop-board,  «.  Skirtmg,  wash-board,  skirting- 
board,  surbase. 

Mope,  V.  n.  I.  Be  sad,  be  gloomy,  be  dejected, 
look  downcast,  look  blue,  wear  a  long  face. 

2.  Be  dull,  be  listless,  be  stupid,  take  no  in- 
terest in  anything,  be  spiritless,  be  gloomy 

Mope-eyed,  a.  Short-sighted,  purblind,  myopic, 
mopsical. 

Mopish,  a.  I.  .Sad.  gloomy,  downcast,  dejected, 
depressed,  desponding,  down-hearted,  chap- 
fallen,  melancholy,  dumpish,  glum,  hipped,  blue, 
cast  down,  in  the  dumps,  with  a  long  face,  down  in 
the  mouth,  out  o.  sorts. 

2.  Dull,  spiritless,  listless,  inattentive, 
stupid. 

Moppet,  )«.     I.   Rag-baby. 

Mopsey,  )  2.   Woolly  dog. 

Moral,  a.  I.  Ethical,  of  morals,  of  ethics,  re- 
garding duties,  touching  obligations. 


2.  Accountable,  bound  by  duty,  bound  to  do 
what  is  right. 

3.  Virtuous,  good,  just,  upright,  honest,  hon- 
orable. 

4.  Mental,  intellectual,  abstract,  ideaL 

5.  Right,  just,  virtuous. 

6.  Probable,  not  demonstrative. 

Moral,    n.     I.   Practical   application  (o/a  /able, 
etc.). 

2.   Practical  lesson  {of  any  event). 

3>   Intent,  meaning,  significance. 
Moral  facolty.     Conscience,   sense  of  right  and 

wrong,  moral  sense. 
Moralist,  n.     Moral  philosopher. 
Morality,  n.   I.   Morals,  ethics,  moral  philosophy. 

2.   Virtue,  goodness,  honesty,  integrity,  honor. 
Morally,  o^/.    I.  Ethicallv. 

2.  Virtuously,  uprightly,  honestly,  honorably. 

3.  Virtually,  practically. 

Morals,  n,   pi.     I.   Morality,  ethics,   moral    phi- 
losophy. 

2.   Conduct,  behavior,  habits,  manners,  counse 
of  life. 

Morass,  «.     Marsh,  fen,   bog,  quagmire,   swamp, 
slough. 

Morbid,  a.     Diseased,  sickly,   unsound,  sick,  un- 
healthy, tainted,  vitiated,  corrupted. 

Morbific,  a.     Noxious,  deleterious,  unwholesome, 
unhealthy,  pestilential,  poisonous,  baneful. 

Morceau,  n.     [Fr.]     Bit,  morsel,  small  piece. 

Mordacious,  a.    I.   Biting. 

2.  Biting,   pungent,   stinging,   cutting,  sharp, 
mordant,  acrid,  mordicant. 

3.  Poignant,  caustic,  sarcastic,  satirical,  severe, 
scathing. 

Mordant,  a.     Biting,   mordacious,  keen,   caustic, 

sarcastic,  severe,  satirical,  nipping. 
More,  a.     I.    Greater  degree  of,  greater  amount  of. 

2.  In  greater  numbers. 

3.  Added,  additional,  other,  besides. 
More,  ad.     I.   To  a  greater  degree. 

2.   Again,  further,  besides,  m  addition. 
More,  n.     I.   Greater  degree,  greater  quantity. 

2.    Else,  other  thing. 
Moreover,  conj.  and  ad.     Besides,  further,  also, 
likewise,  too,  furthermore,  more  than  that,  over 
and  above  that. 

Moresque  }"'     Moorish,  arabesque,  morisco. 

Morjrue,  «.     Dead-house. 

Moribund,  a.     Dying,  at  the  point  of  death,   on 

one's  death-bed,  at  death's  door,  with  one  foot  in 

the  grave,  at  the  last  gasp. 
Morion,  n.     Helmet,  helm,  head-piece,  burganet. 
Mormon,    n.     I.    {Zodl )     Colter-neb,    Labrador 

auk,  common  puffin  {Fratercula  Arctica). 
2.    Mormonite.  Latter-day  Saint. 
Mormonite,  n.     Mormon,  Latter-day  Saint. 
Mom,  «.     (Poetical.)    See  Morning. 
Morning,  «.    I.  Dawn,  daybreak,  aurora,  sunrise, 

break  of  day,  peep  of  day,  prime  of  day,  first 

blush  of  the  morning. 

2.  Forenoon,  early  part  of  the  day. 

3.  Early  part,  spring-time. 
Morning  land.     East,  Orient,  Asia. 

Morning  star.    Lucifer,  Phosphorus,  Phosphor, 

Venus. 
Morose,  a.    Crabbed,  sullen,  churlish,  sour,  sulky, 

Eerverse,  wayward,  spleeny.  spleenish,  splenetic, 
umorsome,  dogged,  gloomy,  moody,  cross- 
grained,  severe,  austere,  gruff,  crusty,  surly,  ill- 
humored,  ill-natured. 
Moroseness,  «.  Crabbedness,  sullenness,  moodi- 
ness, churlishness,  sourness,  sulkiness,  sulks, 
spleen,  ill-temper. 
Morphia,  n.     Morphine. 

Morphine, ».    I.  Morphia. 


MORSE 


278 


MOUNT  GUARD 


2.  Sulphate  of  morphia. 
Morse,  n.    Walrus,  sea-horse  {Trichechus  rosma- 

rus). 
Morsel,  n.     I.   Bite,  mouthful,  bit  of  food. 

2.    Fragment,  bit,  little  piece,  tnorceau. 
Mortal,  a.     I.    Subject  to  death,  destined  to  die. 

2.  Deadly,  fatal,  destructive,  mortiferous. 

3.  Vital,  admitting  death. 

4.  Final,  death-bringing. 

5.  Human,  of  man. 

6.  (Collo^.)  Extreme,  immoderate,  excessive, 
violent,  vexing,  tormenting. 

7.  (Colloq.)    Long,  tedious,  wearisome. 
Mortal,    ad.    (jColloq.)    Extremely,     excessively, 

very  deadly. 
Mortal,  n.     Man,  human  being. 
Mortal  enemy.  I    Inveterate,    desperate,    or  im- 
Mortal  foe.         j        placable  enemy. 
Mortality,  «•     I.   Subjection  to  death,  necessity 

of  dying,  mortalness. 

2.  Death,  destruction. 

3.  Frequency  of  death,  number  of  deaths, 
actual  death  of  numbers. 

4.  Mankind,  humanity,  human  nature,  human 
race. 

Mortally,  o^'     I.   In  the  manner  of  a  mortal. 

2.  Irrecoverably,  fatally,  deadly. 

3.  {,Colloq.)  Extremely,  excessively,  intensely, 
inveterately,  desperately. 

Mortar,  «.     I.   Piece  of  ordnance  for  throwing 
bombs,  mortar-piece. 
2.  Cement. 

Mortg:age,  «.  and  v.  a.    Pledge  {for  the  payment 
of  a  debt). 

Mortificatioil,  «.     I.  {Med.)    Gangrene,  sphace- 
lus, necrosis. 

2.  Discontent,  dissatisfaction,  displeasure, 
vexation,  chagrin,  disappointment,  humiliation, 
trouble,  shame. 

3.  Humiliation,  self-abasement,  self-denial. 
Mortify,  v.a.     I.    Gangrene. 

2.  Disappoint,  dissatisfy,  displease,  vex, 
harass,  plague,  worry,  disquiet,  chagrin,  annoy, 
trouble,  humble,  depress. 

3.  Humiliate,  humble,  shame,  confound, 
abase,  abash,  put  down,  restrain,  subdue. 

Mortify,  v.  n.     Gangrene,  lose  vitality,  corrupt, 
putrefy,  fester. 

Mortuary,  «.     I.    Cemetery,  graveyard,  church- 
yard, burial-place,  necropolis,  burial-ground,  city 
of  the  dead. 
2.   Dead-house,  morgue. 

Mosaic,      \  a.     I.   Inlaid,  tessellated. 

Mosaical,  )         2.   Of  Moses. 

Mosaic  gold.    Ormolu. 

Moslem,  n.     Mahometan,  Mohammedan,  Mussul- 
man. 

Mosque,  «.     Mahometan  temple. 

Moss-agate,  n.     Mocha-stone. 

Moss-bunker, «.    See  Manhaden. 

Moss-pink,  «.     Ground-pink  {Phlox  subulatd) 

Most,  a.     I.   Greatest  in  quantity. 

2.   Greatest  in  number,  most  numerous. 

Most,  ad.     In  the  greatest  degree,  mostly,  chiefly, 
principally. 

Most,  «.     I.   Greatest  part,  greatest  number. 
2.   Utmost. 

Mostly,  ad.     Mainly,  chiefly,  for  the  most  part, 
for  the  greatest  part. 

Most  of  all.   Especially,  principally,  chiefly,  above 
all. 

Mot,   n.     Bon-mot^    pithy    saying,    witty    saying, 
witticism. 

Mote,  n.    Spot,  speck,  mite,  particle,  atom,  cor- 
puscle. 

Moth,  n.     {Ent)     Miller. 

Mother,  n.     I.   Female  parent 


2.  Dam  {applied  to  a  beast). 

3.  Generatrix,  origin,  spring,  source. 

4.  Chief,  head. 

Mother,  a.     I.   Native,  natural. 
2.   Originating. 

Mother  Carey's  chicken.  Stormy  petrel  {Procel- 
laria  pelagicd). 

Motherly,  a.     I.   Maternal. 

2.   Maternal,   affectionate,   kind,  tender,  pa- 
rental. 

Mother-of-pearl,  n.     Nacre. 

Mother-wit,  «.     Native  wit,  common-sense. 

Mothery,  a.     Concreted,  slimy,  dreggy,  feculent. 

Motipn,  n.  I.  [Opposed  to  liest.j  Movement, 
action,  passage,  change  of  place. 

2.  Port,  gait,  air,  appropriate  motion. 

3.  Impulse,    prompting,    suggestion,    mental 
act. 

4.  Proposition  {especially  one  made  in  a  de- 
liberative body),  proposal. 

Motionless,  a.  Still,  quiescent,  stationary,  un- 
moved, at  rest,  at  a  stand,  stock  still,  standing 
still. 

Motive,   n.     I.   Inducement,   incentive,   impulse, 
incitement,  stimulus,  spur,  prompting,  influence, 
reason,  ground,   consideration,   cause,   occasion, 
prime  mover,  why  and  wherefore. 
2.   (Mus.)    Theme,  subject,  melody,  wo^/z'<7. 

Motley,  a.  I.  Variegated,  dappled,  party-colored, 
mottled. 

2.   Heterogeneous,  diversified,  mingled,  com- 
posite, mixed. 

Mottled,  a.  Variegated,  spotted,  motley,  speckled, 
dappled,  piebald,  of  various  colors. 

Mould,  n-     I.   Loam. 

2.  Material,  composing  substance,  matter. 

3.  Mustiness,    mildew,    mouldiness,    mucor, 
blight,  smut. 

4.  Iron-mould,  iron-rust,  rust. 

5.  Matrix,  matrice. 

6.  Form,  shape,  cast,  fashion,  character. 

7.  Pattern. 

Mould,  V.  a.     Form,  shape,  fashion,  model. 
Moulder,  v.  n-    Crumble,  perish,  decay,  turn  to 

dust,  fall  into  decay,  fall  to  pieces,  waste  away. 
Mouldwarp,  «.     Molewarp,  mole. 
Mouldy,  a.     Musty,  mildewed,  fusty,  decaying. 
Moult,  V.  ft.     Shed  feathers,  hair,  etc  ,  mew,  mue. 
Moult,  V.  a.     Shed  {feathers,  hair,  etc.),  mew. 
Mound,  H.     I.    Hillock,  knoll,  hill. 
2.   Rampart,  bulwark,  defence. 
Mount,  n.    XUsed  before  a  proper  name  and  in 

poetry. '\     Mountain,  high  hill. 
Mount,  V.  n.     I.   Rise,  ascend,  arise,  uprise,  soar, 

go  up,  rise  on  high. 

2.  Tower,  rise,  be  built  up. 

3.  Get  on  horseback. 

4.  Amount,  attain  in  value,  count  up. 
Mount,  V.  a.     I.  Ascend,  climb,  scale,  escalade, 

get  upon. 

2.  Put  or  raise  {upon  something). 

3.  Embellish,  cover  with  ornaments. 

4.  {Mil.)    Carrj',  be  furnished  with. 

5.  Prepare,  make  ready. 

6.  Get  upon,  bestride. 

Mountain,  n.     Mount,  high  hill,  vast  eminence. 
Mountain-ash,     «.       [European.^       Rowan-tree, 

quicken-tree,   fowler's  service-tree,   quick  beam, 

roan-tree   {Pyrus  aucuparia   or   Sorbus  aucu- 

Paria). 
Mountain-laurel,  «.      Calico-bush,  spoon-wood 

{Kalmia  latifolia). 
Mountainous,  a.     I.   Full  of  mountains,  hilly. 

2.    Huge,  enormous,  tremendous,  bulky. 
Mountebank,  n.      Pretender,  charlatan,  empiric, 

quack,  quack  doctor. 
Mount  guard.    Do  duty  as  sentinel. 


MOURN 


279 


MULTURE 


Mourn*  v.  «.     Grieve,  lament,  be  sorrowful. 

Mourn,  v.  a.  Deplore,  lament,  bewail,  bemoan, 
grieve  for,  sorrow  over. 

Mournful,  a.  I.  Sad,  distressing,  afflicting,  afflic- 
tive, grievous,  calamitous,  lamentable,  melaif 
choly,  deplorable,  woful. 

2.  Sad,  melancholy,  lugubrious,  doleful,  sor- 
rowful, heavy. 

3.  Sorrowful,  sad,  unhappy,  melancholy, 
heavv-hearted. 

Motimfalness,  «.     Sorrow,  mourning,  grief. 
Mournin?,  «.     I.    Lamentation,  sorrow,  grief. 

2.    Weeds,  symbol  of  sorrow. 
Mouse,  V.  n.     I.   Catch  mice. 

2.  Peer,  search,  pry  about,  look  closely. 
Mouth,  n.      I.    Chaps,  jaws,  cavity  between   the 
jaws. 

2.  Aperture  {in  a  vessel  for  receiving  or  dis- 
charging anything),  opening,  orifice. 

3.  Entrance  {as  of  a  cave  or  a  river),  inlet. 

4.  Cry,  voice. 

5.  Oracle,  mouthpiece,  speaker,  spokesman. 

6.  Grimace,  wry  face,  mow. 
Mouth,  V.  n.     Vociferate,  rant. 
Mouth-piece,   «.      I.    Piece  {in  a  wind  instru- 

nuni)  for  the  mouth. 

2.  Cigar-holder. 

3.  Speaker  {in  behalf  of  several  persons)^ 
spokesman,  mouth. 

Movable,  a.     I.   Portable. 

2.    Changeable. 
Movables,  «.  pi.     Goods,  wares,  effects,  furniture, 

chattels,  movable  property. 
Move,  V.  a.     I.    Impel,  put  in  motion,  stir,  propel. 

2.  Incite,  instigate,  rouse,  actuate. 

3.  Influence,  persuade,  induce,  prevail  upon, 
act  upon,  determine,  prompt,  incline. 

4.  Affect,  touch,  impress,  stir,  trouble. 

5.  Stir  up,  excite,  rouse,  awaken,  irritate, 
incense. 

6.  Excite,  agitate,  stir  up,  rouse. 

7.  Propose  {in  a  deliberative  body),  bring  for- 
ward, recommend,  suggest,  offer  lox  considera- 
tion. 

Move,  V.  H,  I.  Stir,  budge,  change  place  or 
posture. 

2.  Go,  proceed,  walk,  march. 

3.  Act,  live,  have  power  of  motion. 
4*   Remove,  change  residence. 

Move,  n.     I.    Movement,  motion,  change  of  place. 

2.   Proceeding,  action  taken. 
Movement,  n.     I.   Motion,  move,  change. 

2.  Motion,  emotion,  mental  action. 

3.  Motion,  manner  of  moving. 

4.  {Mas)  {a)  Rhythm,  method  of  progression, 
tempo;  {b)    Strain,  part. 

MovinSt  a.     I.  Impelling,  instigating,  influencing, 

persuading. 
2.   Affecting,  touching,  pathetic,  impressive. 
Much,  a.     Abundant,  plenteous,  a  great  deal  of,  a 

great  quantity  or  amount  of. 
Much,  ad.     I.  Greatly,  to  a  great  degree. 

2.  Often,  long,  frequently,  earnestly,  a  great 
deal. 

3.  Nearly,  almost,  about  the  same. 
Much,  n.     Great  quantity,  great  deal. 
Mucilaginous,  a.     Slimy,  gummy,  ropy,  mucous, 

glutinous,  viscid. 

Muckiness,  «.     Filthiness,  nastiness. 

Muckworm,  n.  Miser,  niggard,  churl,  cur- 
mudgeon, codger,  skinflint,  scrimp,  screw,  lick- 
penny,  hunks,  sordid  wretch,  money-grubber. 

Mucky,  a.     Filthy,  nasty,  dirty. 

Mucous,  a.  Slimy,  ropy,  mucilaginous,  gummy, 
glutinous,  viscid,  muculent,  pituitous. 

Mucus,  «.     Phlegm,  pituite. 

Mud,  n.     Mire,  dirt. 


Muddlly,  a</.     I.   Turbidly. 

2.  Obscurely,  cloudily,  confusedly. 
MuddinesS,  n.     I.   Turbidness,  foulness. 

2.  Obscurity,  cloudiness,  dulness. 
Muddle,  V.  a.     I.   Make  muddy,  make  turbid. 

2.  Stupefy,  fuddle,  inebriate,  confuse,  make 
half  drunk,  make  tipsy. 

3.  Make  a  mess  of,  muff,  mull,  spoil. 
Muddle  away.      Waste,    misuse,   squander,   fool 

away,  fritter  awa>-,  spend  foolishly. 
Muddled,  a.     I.  Fuddled,  tipsy,  disguised,  mused, 

potulent,  mellow,   in   liquor,  half  seas  over,  the 

worse  for  liquor,  half  drunk. 
2.   Stupefied,  clouded,  confused. 
Muddle-headed,  a.    Doltish,  stupid. 
Muddy,  a.     I.    Miry,  dirty. 

2.  Turbid,  foul,  impure,  dirty. 

3.  Soiled,  dirty. 

4.  Confused,  dull,  stupid,  heavy,  muddf- 
headed,  muddy-brained,  bothered. 

5.  Obscure,  confused,  incoherent,  vague. 

6.  Gross,  impure. 

Muddy-brained,  I  a.      Dull,  muddy,  stupid,  dolt- 

Muddy-headed,  )  ish,  muddle-headed,  con- 
fused, fat-witted. 

Mud-turtle,  «■  Marsh-tortoise,  mud-terrapia 
{Sternotharus  odoratus). 

Muff,  V.  a.     Muddle,  mull,  spoil. 

Muffle,  V.  a.     I.   Wrap,  cover,  shroud,  envelop. 

2.  Blindfold. 

3.  Wrap  up,  cover,  conceal,  involve,  disguise. 
Muffled,  a.     I.    Wrapped  up,  concealed. 

2.   Dulled,  deadened,  suppressed. 
Muggy,  a.     I.   Wet,  damp,  moist,  mouldy. 

2.    Close,    warm,     oppressive     {said    of   tht 

weather),  uncomfortable. 
Mulct,  n.      Fine,  amercement,  forfeit,  forfeiture, 

pecuniary  penalty. 
Mulct,  V.  a.     Fine,  amerce,  impose  a  fine  upon. 
Mule,  n.     Hybrid,  mongrel,  hinny. 
Muleteer,  «.     Mule-driver. 
Muliebrity,  n.     I.    Womanhood. 

2.  Femineity,  womanishness,  womanhood, 
feminality,  femininity. 

3.  Womanishness,  effeminacy,  softness,  weak- 
ness 

Mulish,  a.  Stubborn,  obstinate,  headstrong,  cross- 
grained,  intractable. 

Mulishness,  n.  Stubbornness,  doggedness,  obsti- 
nacy. 

Mull,  n.     Muddle,  mess  {colloq.). 

Mullion,  «.  {Arch.)  Munnion,  munion,  mon- 
yall. 

Multangular,  a.     Polygonal. 

MultifariotlS,  a.  Multiform,  manifold,  various, 
divers,  diversified,  different,  of  many  sorts,  of 
various  kinds,  of  all  sorts  and  kinds. 

Multifold,  a.     Manifold,  numerous,  diversified. 

Multiform,  a.  I.  Many-shaped,  diversified,  of 
many  shapes,  of  many  forms. 

2.  Manifold,  multifarious,  multifold,  multiple, 
multiplex. 

Multiloquence,  n.    Loquacity,  talkativeness. 

Mtlltiplicity,  «.     Multitude,  great  number. 

Mtlltiplied,  a.     Numerous,  many. 

Multiply,  V.  a.  Increase  ({'»  number),  make  more, 
make  many. 

Multiply,  V.  n.     I.   Increase,  prow  in  number. 
2.    Increase,  extend,  spread. 

Multitude,  H.     I.   Great  number,  numerousness. 

2.  Host,  legion,  a  great  many. 

3.  Throng,  concourse,  army,  swarm,  a  great 
number,  a  great  many,  assembly,  assemblage, 
collection,  crowd. 

4.  The  multitude,  rabble,  the  populace,  the 
Tulgar,  mass,  commonalty. 

Multure,  ».     I.   Grain-grinding. 


MUM 


280 


MUTINOUS 


2.  Grain  ground,  grist. 

3.  Mill-fee,  mill-toll. 

KuBlt  a.    Silent,  mute,  speechless,  dumb. 

Mumble,  v.  n.  Mutter,  speak  inarticulately, 
muffle. 

MumUer,  «.     Mutterer. 

Mummer,  «.     Masker,  buffoon. 

Mummery,  «.  I.  Masking,  masquerade,  sport, 
diversion,  bufifoonery,  harlequinade,  foolery,  tom- 
foolery. 

2.  Empty  show,  solemn  mockery,  vain  cere- 
mony. 

Mumpish,  a.  Sullen,  morose,  moody,  spleeny, 
spleenish,  dull,  heavy,  sour,  sulky. 

Mumps,  M.  (AJed.)  Parotitis,  inflammation  of  the 
parotid  gland. 

Muucll,  V.  a.  Chew  audibly,  masticate  with 
sound,  chew  eagerly,  mump,  nibble. 

Mundane,  a.  Earthly,  terrene,  terrestrial,  terra- 
queous, worldly,  sublunary,  under  the  sun,  secu- 
lar, temporal. 

Municipal,  a.     Civic,  civil. 

Munificence,  «.  Liberality,  generosity,  bountiful- 
ness,  bounty,  beneficence,  bounteousness. 

Munificent,  a.  Liberal,  bountiful,  generous, 
bounteous,  beneficent,  princely,  free,  free- 
hearted. 

Muniment,  ».  I.  Fortification,  stronghold,  cita- 
del, fortress,  fort. 

2.  Support,  defence. 

3.  {Law.)    Record,  title-deed. 
Munition,  n.     Ammunition,  military  stores,  pro- 
vision. 

Munnion,  n.  [Written  also  Munion.]  {Arch.) 
MuUion,  monyall. 

Murder,  «.  Homicide  (with  malice),  assassina- 
tion, manslaughter. 

Murder,  v.  a.  I.  Kill  {with  malice),  assassinate, 
massacre,  put  to  death. 

2.  Kill  cruelly,  slay. 

3.  Destroy,  put  an  end  to. 

4.  Abuse,  violate  grossly,  mar.  spoil. 
Murderer,  «.     Slaughterer,  assassin,  slayer,  killer, 

butcher,  cut-throat,  blood-shedder,  man-slayer. 
Murderous,  a.     Sanguinary,  bloody,  cruel,  savage, 
fell,  bloodthirsty,  blood-guilty. 

Murder  the  queen's  English.  Use  bad  gram- 
mar, commit  a  solecism,  break  Priscian's  head. 

Muriate,  «.     Chloride. 

Muriatic  acid.  Hydrochloric  acid,  marine  acid, 
spirit  of  sea-salt. 

Murky,  a.  Dark,  gloomy,  obscure,  dim,  cloudy, 
clouded,  dusky,  lurid,  overcast,  lowering. 

Murmur,  ».  I.  Whisper;  low,  continuous  sound, 
hum. 

2.  Complaint,  plaint,  whimper,  grumble, 
mutter. 

3.  Mutter,  indistinct  utterance,  undertone. 
Murmur,  v.  «.     I.   Make  a  low,  continued  sound. 

2.  Complain,  repine,  croak,  grumble,  mutter. 

3.  Mutter,  whisper. 

Mnrmurer,    «.      Censurer,  complainer,   repiner, 

objector,  fault-finder,  grumbler. 
Murrain,    «.      Cattle-plague,    epizoBtic    disease, 

murr. 
Murrion,  n.    See  Morion. 

&&,!-    Muscat,  muscatel. 

Muscatel,  I  "'    Muscadel,  muscadine. 

Muscovado,  «.     Unrefined  sugar. 

Muscovy-duck,  «.     Musk-duck. 

Muscular,  a.     I.^  Musculous,  sinewy. 

2.  Brawny,  sinewy,  strong,  stalwart,  vigorous, 
powerful,  sturdy,  lusty,  athletic,  Herculean,  able- 
bodied,  stout. 

Muse,    n.      Revery,    abstraction,    musing,    deep 


thoiight,      brown      study,     absence    of     mind, 
musing. 

Muse,  V.  n.  I.  Ponder,  meditate,  contemplate, 
reliect,  cogitate,  deliberate,  ruminate,  think, 
brood. 

2.   Be  absent-minded,  be  in  a  revery,  be  in  a 
brown  study,  dream. 

Muse,  z/.  a.  (Poetical.)  Consider,  ponder,  med- 
itate on,  think  on. 

Muses,  n.  pi.  [With  The  prefixed.]  The  tuneful 
Nine,  the  tuneful  quire  {Calliope^  Clio,  Erato, 
Euterpe,  Melpomene,  Polyhymnia,  Terpsichore, 
Thalia,  Urania), 

Mushroom,  «.     I.   Cryptogamous  plant. 
2.   Upstart,  parvenu. 

Mushroom,  a.  Ephemeral,  short-lived,  transitory, 
transient. 

Music,  «.  I.  Melody,  harmony,  symphony,  min- 
strelsy. 

2.  Science  of  harmonical  sounds. 

3.  Score. 

Musical,  a.     I.   Melodious,  harmonious,  tuneful, 
symphonious,  dulcet,  sweet-sounding. 
2.    Melodious,  harmonious. 

Musing,  a.  Meditative,  preoccupied,  absent- 
minded. 

Musing,  «.  _  Revery,  abstraction,  muse,  medita- 
tion, reflection,  contemplation,  brown  study,  deep 
thought,  absent-mindedness. 

Musk-duck,  n.    Muscovy-duck  (Anas  moschata). 

Musk-rat,  ».  I.  Musquash,  musk-beaver  (OWa- 
tra  zibethicus). 

2.   Desman,  muscovy  {Mygale  moschata). 

Muslim,  «.     See  Mussulman. 

Muss,  «.  Scramble,  confused  struggle,  disorder, 
state  of  confusion. 

Mussulman,  «.  Mahometan,  Mohammedan, 
Moslem,  Muslim. 

Must,  V.  n.  Be  obliged  to,  be  required  to,  be  bound 
to,  be  necessitated  to,  be  under  the  necessity  of. 

Must,  «.  !•  Grape-juice  (un/ermented),  new 
wine. 

2.   Mould,  fust,  mustiness,  mouldiness,  fusti- 
ness,  sourness. 

Muster,  v.  a.  Assemble,  collect,  gather,  marshal, 
congregate,  convene,  bring  together,  call  together, 
get  together,  muster  up. 

Muster,  v.  «.     Be  assembled,  meet  together,  rally. 

Muster,  «.  Gathering,  assemblage,  collected 
show,  collection. 

Musty,  a.  I.  Mouldy,  fusty,  sour,  fetid,  rank, 
foul,  spoiled,  stale,  frowzy. 

2.  Stale,  old,  hackneyed,  trite,  threadbare. 

3.  Vapid,  ill-flavored,  stale,  insipid. 

4.  Dull,  heavy,  spiritless,  rusty. 
Mutability,  «•     I.   Changeableness,  mutableness, 

variableness. 

2.   Instability,    fickleness,  vacillation,    incon- 
stancy. 
Mutable,  a.     I.  Changeable,  alterable,  variable. 
2.   Inconstant,    unsettled,    vacillatmg,    fickle, 
unstable,  changeable,  unsteady,  wavering,  vari- 
able, irresolute,  changeful. 
Mutableness, «.     See  Mutability. 
Mutation,  n.     I.   Change,  alteration,  variation. 

2.   Change. 
MutatOiy,  a.     Changing. 

Mute,  a.  I.  Dumb,  obmutescent,  unable  to 
speak,  incapable  of  speech.     . 

2.  Silent,  speechless,  still. 

3.  Silent,  unpronounced. 

Mutilate,  v.  a.     I.   Disfigure,  maim,  cripple. 

2.    Mangle,  injure. 
Mutilation,  «.     I.   Disfigurement,  maim. 

2.    Injury. 
Mutinous,   a.      I.   Turbulent,   contumacious,   re- 
fractory, unruly,  insubordinate,  riotous,  rebellious. 


MUTINY 


281 


NARROW 


2.   Seditious,  insurgent,  insurrectionary. 
Mutinyt  v.  n.     Rebel,  revolt,  resist  authority. 
Mattny*  «•     Sedition,  revolt,   rebellion,   insurrec- 
tion, riot,  rising,  uprising. 
Matter,  v.  n.    Grumble,  murmur,  mumble,  muffle. 
Mutter,  V.  a.     Utter  indistinctly,  murmur. 
Matter,  n.     Murmur,  indistinct  utterance. 
Matoal,  a.     Reciprocal,    interchanged,  correlative, 
reciprocally  given  and  received,  common,  inter- 
changeable. 
Mutoally,  ad.     I.    Reciprocally,  m  return. 

2.   Conjointly,  in  common. 
Mozzle,  n.     I.    Snout. 
2.    Mouth,  nozzle. 

Mynheer,  «    iDutch.^    I.  Sir,  Mr. 

2.   Dutchman,  Hollander. 

Myopic,    a.       Near-sighted,     short-sighted,    dim- 
sighted,  purblind,  mope-eyed. 

Myopy,  n.      Near-sightedness,     myopia,    mouse- 
sight. 

MS^riad,  «.     I.  Ten  thousand. 
2.   An  immense  number. 

Myriad,  a.     Innumerable,  multitudinous,   mani- 
fold. 

MySteriOOSf  a.    Unknown,  enigmatical,   obscure, 


hidden,  occult,  inscrutable,  recondite,  secret,  un- 
intelligible,  mystic,    mystical,    dark,    cabalistic, 
abstruse,  incomprehensible. 
Mystery,  «.     I.   Secret,  enigma,  riddle. 

2.  Secret. 

3.  Enigma. 

4.  Trade,     art,     calling,     occupation,      busi- 
ness. 

Mystic,      )  a.     I,   Mysterious,   hidden,  enigmati- 

Mystical,  ]      cal,   obscure,   occult,   recondite,   in- 
scrutable, abstruse,  dark,  transcendental. 

2.  Allegorical,  emblematical,  cabalistic,  sym- 
bolical. 

Mysticism,  ».     Enthusiasm,  quietism,  doctrine  of 
the  Mystics. 

Mystify,  v.  a.     Perplex,  puzzle,  bewilder,  embar- 
rass, pose,  befog,  obfuscate. 

Myth,  «•     I.    Fable,  legend,  tradition. 

2.  Fable,  invention,  allegory,  parable,  fiction, 
fabulous  story. 

3.  Falsehood,  lie,  untruth. 

Mythic,      I  a.       Fabulous,      fabled,     imaginary, 
M3rtllical,  )      mythological,  fictitious,  faucitul. 


N 


Vfll),  V.  a.     {Colloq.)     Seize  {suddenly),   catch, 
-  clutch,  grasp,  snatch,  lay  hands  on,  lay  hold  on, 

take  possession  of. 
Hahob,  n.     I.  Indian  deputy,  viceroy,  or  governor. 
2.   Millionnaire,     Croesus,    Dives,    very    rich 

man,  man  of  great  wealth,  man  of  fortune. 
Kacre,  «.     Mother-of-pearl. 
llacreoas,  a.    I.  Of  nacre. 

2.   Pearly,     iridescent,     irisated,     opalescent, 

pavonine,  polychromatic,  irisated,  pearlaceous. 
ITaevOSe,  a.     Spotted,  freckled. 
Ifag,  n.     Horse  {especially  a  sinaJl  horse),  pony. 
na?,  V.  a.    Torment,  worry,  pester,  hector,  harass. 
Baiad,  «.    {Mythol.)    Water-nymph. 
Kail,  n.     Claw,  talon. 
naive,  a.     [Fr.J     Artless,  unaffected,   ingenuous, 

natural,  plain,  simple,  unsophisticated,  candid. 
XTaivete,   «.      [Fr.]     Artlessness,   ingenuousness, 

naturalness,  simplicity,  tiative  candor,  unaflfected 

plainness. 
Vaked,  a.     I.    Nude,  uncovered,  bare. 

2.  Denuded,  unclothed,   undressed,    in  fiuris 
naturalibus. 

3.  Uncovered. 

4.  Exposed,     defenceless,    unarmed,    unpro- 
tected, unguarded,  open. 

5.  Manifest,      unconcealed,     evident,     open, 
plain,  undisguised. 

6.  Simple,  mere,  sheer,  bare. 

7.  Unprovided,    unfurnished,    destitute,     un- 
aided, bare. 

8.  Plain,  unvarnished,  uncolored,  unexagger- 
ated. 

Vakedness,  «.     I.    Nudity,  bareness. 
2.   Openness,  exposure 

Namby-pamby,  a.     Finical,  affectedly  fine,  silly, 
weakly  sentimental,  insipid,  vapid. 

Name, «.     I.    Appellation,  title,  epithet,  denomi- 
nation, designation,  descriptive  term. 

2.  Reputation,  repute,  credit,  character. 

3.  Note,  distinction,  fame,  renown,  celebrity, 
eminence,  honor,  praise. 

4.  Authority,  behalf,  part,  stead. 

5.  Family,  connection,  race. 


6.  Memory^  remembrance. 

7.  Person,  individual. 

Name,  v.  a.  I.  Denominate,  entitle,  style,  term, 
call,  dub,  phrase,  christen,  give  an  appellation 
to. 

2.  Mention,  speak  of,  call  by  name- 

3.  Nominate,  designate,  specify,  indicate. 
Nameless,  a.     I.    Without  a  name. 

2.  Obscure,  undistinguished,  unknown. 

3.  Inexpressible. 

Namely,  ad.     Particularly,  that  is,  that  is  to  say, 

to  wit,  to  particularize,  videlicet. 
Nap,  V.  n.    Doze,  slumber,  drowse,  take  a  short 

sleep. 
Nap,  n.     Dose,  slumber,  short  sleep,  siesta. 
Naphtha,  n.     Rock  oil,  mineral  oil,  stone  oil. 
Napless,  a.     Threadbare. 
Nappy,  a.     I.   Heady,  strong. 

2.   Downy,  shaggy,  fuzzy,  woolly,  villous. 
Narcotic,  a.     Stupefying,  stupefactive. 
Narcotic,  n.     Stupefacient,   anodyne,   anaesthetic, 

opiate,  sleeping  draught,  sedative. 
Narrate,  v.  a.     Relate,  recite,    recount,  rehearse, 

tell,  detail,  describe,  give  an  account  of. 
Narration,  n.    I.    Recital,   description,  rehearsal, 

relation,  account,  statement. 
2.   Story,  history,   narrative,    tale,    chronicle, 

account. 
Narratiye,  «.     Narration,  relation,  tale,  account, 

recital,    rehearsal,    description,    story,    history, 

chronicle. 
Narrator,  «.     Relater,  historian. 
Narrow,  a.    -I.   Of  little  breadth. 

2.  Contracted,  circumscribed,  limited,  con- 
fined, straitened,  cramped,  pinched,  scanty,  in- 
capacious. 

3.  Limited,  straitened,  pinched,  scanty. 

4.  Bigoted. 

5.  Ungenerous,  parsimonious,  covetous,  mer- 
cenary, illiberal,  avaricious,  niggardly,  mean, 
selfish. 

6.  Close,  near. 

7.  Close,  near,  accurate,  scrutinizing,  careful* 
exact,  attentive. 


NARROW 


282 


NEAR 


lTflrrOW»  v.  a.     I,   Contract. 

2.   Cramp,  restrict,  limit,  confine. 

Harrow  house.  Grave,  tomb,  sepulchre,  house 
of  death. 

Ifarrow-minded,  a.  Illiberal,  bigoted,  preju- 
diced, warped,  biassed,  partial,  narrow-souled, 
mean-spirited,  of  narrow  or  contracted  views. 

ITarroWS,  n.  pi.     Strait,  sound,  narrow  passage. 

Narwlial,  «.  [Written  also  Narwka/e ,  Narwal, 
and  Narval.'\  Sea-unicorn,  unicorn-fish,  uni- 
corn-whale (Monodon  tnonoceros). 

nascent,  a.  Incipient,  opening,  initial,  dawning, 
inchoative,  initiatory,  rudimental,  beginning, 
commencing,  at  the  start,  in  the  act  of  evolution. 

Nastiliess,  «.  I.  Filth,  filthiness,  dirtiness,  foul- 
ness, impurity,  uncleanness,  pollution,  defilement, 
squalor. 

2.  Obscenity,  smuttiness,  indecency,  ribaldry, 
grossness. 

]7asty>  a.  I.  Filthy,  foul,  unclean,  impure,  dirty, 
polluted,  defiled,  loathsome,  squalid. 

2.  Obscene,  smutty,  gross,  indelicate,  lewd, 
-indecent,  ribald,  loose. 

3.  Nauseous,  sickening,  disgusting,  offensive, 
repulsive,  odious,  disagreeable. 

4.  Disagreeable,  annoying,  troublesome,  ag- 
gravating, pestering,  pesky. 

IVasnte,  a.     I.   Keen-smelling. 

2.   Critical,  censorious,  nice,  captious. 

ITatal,  a.     Native,  of  birth,  natalitious. 

Katal  day.     Birthdaj;. 

IfatcIl-l)one»  «.  Aitch-bone,  edge-bone,  rump- 
bone. 

ITatioilt  n.     I.   State,  commonwealth,   realm,  na- 
tionality. 
2.    People,  community,  population,  race,  stock. 

ITatioiial,  a.     Public,  general. 

Ifationality,  «.     I.   National  character. 

2.  State,  nation,  commonwealth. 

3.  Race,  people,  nation,  stock. 

4.  Patriotism,  love  of  one's  own  nation,  na- 
tionalism. 

native,  a.     I.   Natal,  of  birth. 

2.  Vernacular,  mother. 

3.  Indigenous,  natural. 

4.  Original,  genuine,  intrinsic,  real,  unarti- 
ficial,  natural. 

5.  Home,  domestic. 

6.  Natural,  inherent,  innate,  inborn,  inbred, 
congenital,  indigenous. 

ITaUve,  «.     Original  inhabitant. 

nativity, «.    Birth. 

Hatty,  a.    (Colloq.)    Neat,  spruce,  tidy,  nice,  fine, 

jaunty,  trig,  trim,  finical,  foppish,  dandyish. 
natural,  a.     I.   Of  nature. 

2.  Original,  indigenous,  native. 

3.  Essential,  characteristic,  native. 

4.  Regular,  normal,  legitimate,  in  the  course 
of  nature,  consistent  with  nature,  conformable  to 
nature. 

5.  Affectionate,  kind. 

6.  Unaffected,  real,  genuine,  simple,  ingenu- 
ous, artless,  spontaneous. 

7.  Unregenerate. 

8.  Life-like. 

9.  Illegitimate,  bastard. 
natural,  «.     Fool,  simpleton,  idiot. 
natural-bom,  a.     Native. 

natural   child.    Bastard,  love-child,   illegitimate 

child. 
naturalize,  v.  a.     I.  Make  natural,  familiarize, 

make  easy. 

2.  Adopt  as  a  citizen,  adopt  as  native. 

3.  Acclimatize,  adapt,  accustom,  habituate. 

4.  Adapt,  make  one's  own. 

nature,  «.  I.  World,  creation,  universe,  system 
of  created  things,  aggregate  of  phenomena,  world 


of  matter  and  of   mind,    sum   of    causes    and 
effects. 

2.  Sum  total  of  sensible  objects,  world  of 
matter. 

3.  Character,  essence,  constitution,  quality, 
sum  of  attributes. 

4.  Kind,  sort,  species,  quality,  character. 

5.  Temper^  disposition,  humor,  mood,  grain. 

6.  Mind,  mtelligence,  intelligent  being,  in- 
tellect. 

7.  Active  principle  of  the  universe,  soul  of  the 
Universe,  God,  Creator,  Author. 

^  8.  Regular  course  of  things,  usual  or  estab- 
lished order  of  events,  normal  association. 

9.  What  is  natural,  conformity  with  nature, 
accordance  with  truth  or  reality. 

10.  Vitality,  human  life,  vital  powers  of  a  man. 

11.  Natural  affection,  reverence. 

12.  Natural  condition,  nakedness. 
naught,  n.     Nothing,  nought. 

naught,  a.     I.   Worthless,  bad,  of  no  value. 

2.    Naughty,  vile,  base. 
nauffhtiness,  «.     Perverseness,  frowardness,  mis- 

chievousness,  misbehavior. 
naughty,  a.     I.   Bad,  corrupt,  worthless,  good  for 
nothing. 
2.  Perverse,  froward,  mischievous,  bad. 
nausea,  «.     I.   Seasickness. 

2.  Qualm,  sickness  of  the  stomach,  inclination 
to  vomit,  squeamishness,  loathing. 

3.  Disgust,  loathing,  repugnance,  aversion, 
strong  dislike. 

nauseate,  v.  n.     Feel  nausea,  feel  disgust,  grow 

qualmish. 
nauseate,  v.  a.     I.   Sicken,  disgust,  revolt,  make 
sick,  turn  one's  stomach,  make  one's  gorge  rise. 

2.    Loathe,    abhor,     detest,    abominate,    feel 
nausea  or  disgust  at,  shrink  from,  recoil  from, 
reject  with  disgust. 
nauseous^  a.     Disgusting,  loathsome,  disgustful, 
nauseating,   sickening,   revolting,   repulsive,  dis- 
tasteful, offensive. 
nautical,  <>.     Maritime,  marine,  naval. 
naval,  a.     Nautical,  marine,  maritime. 
navel-string,  «.     Umbilical  cord. 
navew,  «      Wild  turnip  (Brassica  campestris)- 
navicular,  a.     {Anat.   and  Bot,)      Boat-shaped, 

cymbiform. 
navigate,  v.  «.     Sail,  cruise,  course,  go  in  a  ves- 
sel, plough  the  waves,  plough  the  deep. 
navigate,  v.  a.     I.   Sail  over,  sail  on,  pass  in  a 
vessel. 

2.  Steer,  direct  (m  sailing),  guide  the  course  of. 
navigator,  «.     Navigating  officer. 
navy,   ft.      I.    Ships,    vessels,  shipping,   fleet  of 
ships. 
2.    Ships  of  war,  naval  establishment. 
nay,  ad.    I.  No. 

2.    Not  only  so,  but  more  ;  not  this  only,  but 
also. 
naze,   n.      Promontory,    cliff,   headland  (same  as 

Ness). 
neap,  a      [Written  also  Neep.'\    Low  {applied  to 

tides). 
near,  a.     I.    Nigh,  close,  neighboring,  adjacent, 
contiguous,  proximate,  adjoining,  bordering  upon, 
approximate  to,  close  upon,  close  by,  hard  upon, 
close  at  hand. 

2.  Imminent,  impending,  forthcoming,  ap- 
proaching, threatening,  at  hand,  about  to  happen, 
going  to  happen. 

3.  Intimate,  dear,  familiar,  closely  allied, 
closely   attached. 

4.  Direct,  short,  straight,  immediate,  close. 

5.  Close,  literal,  accurate. 

6.  Close,  narrow. 

7.  Left. 


NEAR 


283    NEITHER  HERE  NOR  THERE 


8.  Close,    narrow,    niggardly,    parsimonious, 
close-fisted. 

9.  Closely  related,  allied  by  blood. 
10.   Present,  ready. 

Hear,  ad.     Nearly,  closely,  within  a  little  of,  almost, 

well-nigh. 
Near,  />re^.     Nigh,  close  to,  close  by,  not  far  from. 
Near,  v.  «.     Approach,  come  nearer. 
Near,  v.  a.    Approach,  draw  near. 
Nearly,  ad.     I.   Approximately,  not  remotely. 

2.  Almost,  well-nigh,  within  a  little. 

3.  Closely,  intimately. 

4.  Closely,  intimately,  pressingly. 

5.  Stingily,     meanly,     parsimoniously,   penu- 
riously. 

Nearness,  n.    I.  Closeness,   neighborhood,  prox- 
imity. 

2.  Propinquity,  consanguinity. 

3.  Intimacy,  familiarity. 

4.  Parsimony,  penuriousness,  closeness. 
Near-sighted,  a.    Short-sighted,  myopic,  purblind. 
Neat,  a.    I.  Clean,  cleanly,  unsoiled,  orderly,  trim, 

tidy. 

2.  Nice,  spruce,  trim,  smart. 

3.  Chaste,  simple,  pure. 

4.  Pure,  unadulterated,  unmixed,  excellent 

5.  Exact,  finished,  adroit,  clever. 

6.  Nice,  dainty. 

7.  Net,  clear,  after  every  deduction. 
Neat-cattle,  ».    Bovine  animals  (btills,  oxen,  cows, 

calves,  heifers,  steers),  beeves. 
Neat-handed,  a.     Deft,  dexterous,  adroit,  clever. 
Neatly,  ad     I.   Cleanly,  in  a  neat  manner,  tidily. 

2     Nicely,  handsomely. 

3.    Elegantly,  nicely,  quietly. 
Neatness,  n.     I.   Cleanness,  cleanliness,  tidiness. 

2.  Nicety,  spruceness,  trimness. 

3.  Chasteness.  simplicity,  purity. 
Nel),  n.     Beak,  bill,  nib. 

Nebulosity,   n.     Cloudiness,   haziness,  mistiness, 

nebulousness 
NebulOllS,  a.     I.   Cloudy,  hazy,  misty. 

2.   Nebular. 
Necessarily,  ad.     Indispensably,  unavoidably. 
Necessary,   a.     I.   Inevitable,    unavoidable,   that 

must  be. 

2.  Requisite,  essential,  indispensable,  needful, 
that  cannot  be  spared. 

3.  Involuntary. 

Necessary,  «.     I.   Requisite,  requirement,  neces- 
sity, essential,  indispensable  thing,  sine  qua  non. 
2.   Privy,  jakes,  water-closet,  back-house. 
Necessitate,  ».  a.     I.   Compel,  force,  oblige,  con- 
strain, impel. 
2.   Make  necessary,  render  unavoidable. 
Necessitous,  a.     I.   Needy,  indigent,  poor,  penni- 
less,  moneyless,   destitute,   distressed,   pinched, 
reduced,  in  need,  in  want,  short  of  money,  out  of 
money,  out  of  pocket,  out  of  cash. 
2.    Narrow,  destitute,  pinching. 
Necessity, «.     I.  Unavoidableness,  inevitableness. 

2.  Compulsion,  fatality,  fate,  destiny,  irresist- 
ible force,  overruling  power. 

3.  Indispensableness,  indispensability,  need. 

4.  Need,     needfulness,     urgency,      exigency, 
pressing  want. 

5.  Requirement,  requisite,  essential,  necessary, 
indispensable  thing,  sine  qua  non. 

6.  Indigence,  povertv,  need,  want. 
Neck-and-neck.  Even,'  level,  equal. 
Neck-cloth,  «.     Cravat,  neckerchief,  necktie. 

Sl^kMudke'rchief.  i  «•     Cravat,  neck-cloth. 
Neck-or-nothing,    a.     Dangerous,  desperate. 
Necktie,  «.     Cravat,  neck-cloth. 
Necrology,  «.     Obituary,  register  of  deaths. 
Necromancer,  «.     Sorcerer,  conjurer,  enchanter, 


juggler,  charmer,  diviner,  wizard,  magician,  ex- 
orcist, seer,  soothsayer. 

Necromancy,  «.  Sorcery,  magic,  divination,  en- 
chantment, conjuration,  black  art,  magical  art. 

Necropolis,  «.  Cemetery,  churchyard,  graveyard, 
mortuary,  burial-ground,  burial-place,  city  o£  the 
dead. 

N6e,  pp.     Bom. 

Need,  n.  I.  Necessity,  want,  exigency,  urgency, 
emergency,  strait,  extremity. 

2.  Indigence,  poverty,  penury,  destitution, 
distress,   neediness,   privation. 

Need,  V.  a.  Want,  require,  lack,  be  in  want  of, 
stand  in  want  of. 

Needful,  a.     I.    Needy,  necessitous,  distressful. 
2.   Necessary,    requisite,   essential,    indispen- 
sable. 

Needle-shaped,  a.     Aciform,  acicular,  adculate. 

Needless,  a.     Uunecessary,  useless. 

Needlewoman,  ».     Seamstress,  sempstress. 

Needle-work,  n.     Embroidery 

Needs,  ad.  Necessarily,  indispensably,  of  neces- 
sitv. 

Needy,  a.     Indigent,  destitute,  poor,  necessitous. 

Nefarious,  a.  Abominable,  atrocious,  detestable, 
execrable,  iniquitous,  scandalous,  wicked,  infa- 
mous, villanous,  heinous,  flagitious,  very  wicked, 
horrible,  dreadful,  vile. 

Negation,  n.    Denial,  disavowal,  disclaimer. 

Neglect,  V.  a-     I.   Omit,  leave  out,  pass  over. 

2.  Disregard,  slight,  contemn,  overlook,  pay 
no  heed  to,  pay  no  regard  to,  leave  out  of  view, 
leave  on  one  side,  not  care  a  straw  for,  disesteem, 
despise. 

Neglect,  n.  I.  Omission  {of  a  particular  act  of 
duty),  failure,  default,  remissness,  carelessness, 
heedlessness,  inattention 

2.  Slight,  disregard,  disrespect. 

3.  Negligence,  indifference. 

4.  Neglectedness,  state  of  being  disregarded. 
Neglectful,    a        Heedless,    careless,    negligent, 

thoughtless,  inattentive. 

Negligee,  «.     Undress,  dishabille,  deshabille. 

Negligence,  «.  I.  Neglect,  carelessness,  thought- 
lessness, remissness,  heedlessness,  disregard, 
inattention,  slackness,  laches,  inadvertency, 
indifference. 

2.  Shortcoming,  fault,  omission,  defect,  inad- 
vertence. 

Negligent,  a.  Careless  (habitually),  thoughtless, 
heedless,  remiss,  regardless,  inattentive,  neglect- 
ful, indifferent. 

Negotiate,  v,n.     I.  Treat,  bai^ain. 
2.   Treat  with. 

Negotiate,  v.  a.     I.  Treat  for,  arrange  for,  pro- 
cure. 
2.   Pass,  put  into  circulation,  sell. 

Negotiation,  «.     I.   Transaction. 
2.   Trading,  business. 

Negro,  H.     African,  black  man. 

Negro-corn,  «.  Indian  millet,  Huinea  corn,  Turk- 
ish millet,  durra  (Sorghum  vulgare). 

Neigh,  V.  n.     Whinny. 

Neighborhood,  n.     I.   Vicinity,  vicinage. 

2.  Neighbors. 

3.  District,  locality. 

4.  Nearness,  propinquity. 
Neighboring,  a.     Near,  adjacent,  contiguous. 
Neighborly,  a.     I.    Friendly,  kind,  civil. 

2.   Social,  obliging,  attentive,  friendly. 
Neither,  pron.  and  a.    Not  either,  nor  one  nor  the 

other. 
Neither  head  nor  tail.     Neither  one  thing  nor 

the  other,  nothing  distinct  or  definite. 
Neither  here  nor  there.    I.  Nowhere,  neither  in 
one  place  nor  another. 
2.  Irrelevant,  not  to  the  purpose. 


NEM.  CON. 


284 


NIGHT-JAR 


Hem.  .con.  [L.  Contracted  from  nemitie  contra- 
dicentc  no  one  speaking  against.]  Unanimously, 
with  one  accord,  witli  one  consent,  to  a  man,  as 
one  man,  one  and  all,  on  all  hands,  in  chorus, 
without  a  dissenting  voice. 

neologism,    «.      I.   New  word  or  phrase,   neo- 
nism. 
2.   Neology,  use  of  new  words  or  phrases. 

XTeolOgy,  «.  I.  Neologism,  use  of  new  words  or 
phrases. 

2.  (Theol.)  Rationalism,  rationalistic  inter- 
pretation. 

Heophyte,  «.     I.   Convert,  proselyte. 

2.  Novice,,  catechumen. 

3.  Beginner,  tyro,  pupil,  novice. 
Ifeoteric,  a.  New,  modem,  recent. 
Nereid,  «.     Sea-nymph. 

Nerve,  n.  I.  Strength,  power,  force,  vigor, 
might. 

2.  Courage,  pluck,  fortitude,  firmness,  resolu- 
tion, hardihood,  manhood,  self-command,  steadi- 
ness, endurance,  coolness. 

Nerve,  v.  a.  Strengthen,  invigorate,  fortify,  brace, 
energize. 

Nerveless,  a.    Weak,  flabby,  flaccid. 

Nervous,  a.     I.   Full  of  nerves. 

2.  Of  the  nerves. 

3.  Sinewy,  strong,  vigorous,  robust,  forcible, 
powerful,  wellstrung,  nervy. 

4.  Timid,  timorous,  easily  agitated,  weak, 
weakly,  irritable,  fearful. 

5.  Vigorous,  forcible,  powerful,  forceful,  strong, 
spirited. 

Nervousness,  «.    I.  Strength,  force,  power,  vigor, 

forcibleness. 
2.   Timidity,  timorousness,  trepidation,  tremor, 

flutter,  nervous  agitation,  weakness 
Nervy,  a.     Nervous,  strong,  sinewy,  vigorous. 
Nescience,  «.     Ignorance. 
Nestle,  V.  n.     Snuggle,  cuddle,  snug,  harbor,  lodge, 

lie  close,  nuzzle. 
Net,  «■     Snare,  gin,  trap,  toil. 
Net,  a.     [Written  also  Neat  and  Nett.'\    I.   Clear, 

without  deductions. 
2.   Pure,  unadulterated. 
Net,  V.  a.      Clear,  get  or  gain  over  and  above 

expenses. 
Nether,  a.     Lower. 
Nettle,  V.  a.    Fret,  chafe,  ruffle,  irritate,  vex,  tease, 

harass,  provoke,  incense,  exasperate,  sting. 
Network,  «.      Netting,  reticulated  or  decussated 

work,  interlacement. 
Neutral,  a.      I.    Indifferent,  impartial,  neuter,  of 

neither  party,  taking  no  part  with  either  side. 
2.    Indifferent,  mediocre. 
Neutralize,   v.  a.      I.    Counterbalance,   counter- 
poise, render  neutral,  render  inert,  destroy  the 

effect  of,  render  of  no  effect. 
2.   Invalidate,  render  inoperative. 
Never,  ad.      I.   At  no  time,  not  at  any  time,  not 

ever. 

2.  In  no  degree,  not  at  all,  none. 

3.  Not. 

Nevertheless,  ad.    However,  notwithstanding,  not 

at  all  the  less,  yet. 
New,  a-     I.   Novel,  fresh,  of  recent  origin. 

2.  Recent,  modern,  of  the  present  day. 

3.  Just  discovered,  recently  made  known, 
Strange. 

4.  Unaccustomed,  unused. 

5.  Repaired,  renovated,  reinvigorated. 

6.  Starting  anew,  commencing,  renovated. 

7.  Newly  come. 

New-fangled,  a.     I.   New-made,  new-fashioned. 

2.   Changeable,  volatile. 
News,  «.      Tidings,  intelligence,  information,  ad- 
vice, word,  recent  accounts. 


Newsmonger,  n.      Quidnunc,  gossip,  tale-bearar, 

mumble-news. 
Newspaper,  «.     Gazette,  journal. 
Newt,  n.     £ft,  salamander,  asker,  ask. 
Next,  a.     Nearest. 
Next  door  to.     I.    Next  house  to. 

2.   Near  to,  bordering  on,  close  to,  allied  to. 
Nib,  «.     I.    Bill,  beak,  neb. 

2.    Point  (e/'a/<f«). 
Nibble,  v.  a.  and  v.  n.     I.   Gnaw,  bite  (by  nipi). 

2.   Carp,  cavil,  find  fault. 
Nice,   a.      I.    Exact,  accurate,  precise,   exquisite, 
correct,  critical,  definite,  strict,  rigorous. 

2.  Fastidious,  dainty,  squeamish,  punctilious, 
finical,  difficult,  over-scrupulous,  exacting,  bard 
to  please,  very  particular. 

3.  Delicate,  scrupulous,  cautious. 
4-.   Delicate,  tender. 

5.  Discerning,  discriminating,  particular,  scru- 
pulous, precise. 

6.  Neat,  tidy,  trim. 

7.  Subtile,  fine,  refined,  minute* 

8.  Delicate,  dainty,  luscious,  soft,  tender, 
savory,  delicious,  palatable. 

9.  {Collog.)  Pleasant,  agreeable,  delightful, 
good. 

Nicely,  ad.     I.   Fastidiously,  critically,  curiously. 

2.  Discriminatingly,  keenly. 

3.  Accurately,  exactly,  delicately,  daintily. 

4.  Agreeably,  becommgly,  pleasantly. 

5.  Well,  cleverly,  dexterously,  deftly,  neatly. 
Niceness,  «.      I.    Exactness,  accuracy,  precision, 

nicety. 

2.    Scrupulousness,     fastidiousness,    delicacy, 
daintiness,  squeamishness. 
Nicety,   «.      I.    Accuracy,    exactness,    precision, 
truth,  niceness. 

2.  Fastidiousness,  daintiness,  squeamishness. 

3.  Subtilty,  nice  point,  minute  distinction. 

4.  Delicacy,  dainty,  tidbit,  delicate  morsel. 
Niche,  ».     Nook,  recess. 

Nick,  ft.  I.  Critical  point  {of  time),  critical  mo- 
ment, fortunate  conjuncture. 

2.  Notch,  dent,  dint,  indentation,  incision, 
score. 

Nick,  V.  a.    Notch. 

Nickname,  «.     Sobriquet,  by-name. 

Niggard,  n.  Miser,  curmudgeon,  churl,  hunks, 
lickpenny,  skinflint,  scrimp,  screw,  mean  fellow, 
sordid  wretch. 

Niggard,  a.  Parsimonious,  miserly,  covetous, 
sparing,  stinted,  niggardly. 

NiggarcUiness,  n.  Parsimony,  stinginess,  avarice, 
meanness,  covetousness. 

Niggardly,  a.    I.   Parsimonious,  covetous,  stingy, 
avaricious,    miserly,    penurious,    sordid,    mean, 
illiberal,  mercenary,  niggard,  close,  close-fisted. 
2.   Saving,  sparing,  chary. 

Nigh,  a.  I.  Near,  adjacent,  adjoining,  contigu- 
ous, close  by,  close,  close  at  hand,  bordenng 
upon,  approximate  to,  hard  by. 

2.  Near,  present,  proximate. 

3.  Intimate,  closely  allied. 
Nigh,  ad.     1.   Near. 

2.   Almost,  nearly. 
Nigh,  prep.     Near,  close  to,  close  by,  not  far  from. 
Night,  n.     I.    Darkness,  obscurity. 

2.  Ignorance. 

3.  Adversity. 

4.  Death. 

Night -fall,  «.      Evening,  dusk,  close  of  the  day, 

sundown. 
Night-fire,  «.       Ignis   fatuus,    Will-o'-the-wisp, 

Jack-o'-lantern. 
Nightingale,   n.      Philomel,  philomela,   rossignol 

{Philomela  luscinia). 
Night- jar,  n.     Goat-sucker,  wheel-bird,  fern-owl, 


NIGHTLY 


285 


NONPAREIL 


nlght-churr,    churn-owl     (Ca^rimulg^ts    Euro- 
pceus), 
nightly,  a.     Nocturnal. 

Nightmaret «.    incubus. 

Might-walker,  «.  Somnambulist,  sleep-walker, 
noctambulist. 

ITlhilIsm,  )  «.      Nothingness,  nothing,  non-exist- 

Nlhlllty,  J       ence,  nonentity,  nullity. 

nimble,  a.  Agile,  lively,  brisk,  active,  smart, 
quick,  spry,  ready,  alert,  sprightly,  swift,  light, 
expeditious,  speedy,  prompt,  expert. 

Kimble-fln^ered,  a.  Dexterous,  deft,  adroit, 
expert,  skilful. 

ITimble-footed,  a.     Fleet,  fast,  swift. 

Mimbleness,  «.  Briskness,  smartness,  agility, 
spryness,  alertness,  activity,  sprightliness,  celer- 
ity, speed,  swiftness. 

WimWe-witted,  a.    Quick-witted,  ready. 

Ifimbus,  n.    I.    Halo. 
2.    Kaincloud. 

nincompoop,  n.  Fool,  blockhead,  dunce,  simple- 
ton {colloq). 

nineklller,  «.  Shrike,  butcher-bird  {Ldnius 
septentrionalis). 

ninepins,  «.  pi.    Skittles. 

ninny,  «.  [A  contr.  for  NincofnPoop.\  Simple- 
ton, fool,  blockhead,  dunce. 

nip,  V,  a.  I.  Pinch,  compress,  squeeze, 
gripe. 

2.  Clip,  cut  off,  sever. 

3.  Blast,  destroy,  ruin,  frost 

4.  Benumb,  chill. 

5.  Bite,  vex. 

nip,  ft.     I.   Pinch,  bite. 

2.   Dram,  sip,  drink,  small  draught. 

nipper,  «.     Fore  tooth  (^a  horse). 

nippers,  n,  pi     Pincers,  tweezers. 

nipple,  «.     Teat,  dug.  pap. 

nitre,  «•     Saltpetre,  nitrate  of  potash. 

nitric  acid.     Aquafortis,  spirit  of  nitre. 

nitric  oxide.  Deutoxide  of  nitrogen,  binoxide  of 
nitrogen,  nitrous  gas,  nitrous  air. 

nitrogen.  «.    Azote. 

nitrogenize,  v.  a.    Azotize. 

nitro-mnriatic  acid.  Aqua  regia,  nitro-hydro- 
chloric. 

nitrous  ether.     Sweet  spirits  of  nitre. 

nitrotlS  oxide.  Laughing-gas,  protoxide  of  nitro- 
gen, exhilarating  gas,  nitrogen  monoxide. 

JJjg  }«.    Water-spirit. 

no,  ad.    I.   Nay. 

2.   Not  at  all,  in  no  degree. 

no,  a.     None,  not  any,  not  one. 

nob,  n.     Head  (m  burlesque). 

nobility,  n.  I.  Grandeur,  greatness,  dignity, 
nobleness,  elevation,  superiority,  worthiness, 
loftiness  of  character,  eminence,  moral  excel- 
lence. 

2.   Noble  birth,   patrician    dignity,    eminence 
by  rank. 

"3.  Aristocracy,    peerage,    patrician   class,  no- 
blesse. 

noble,  a.  I.  Great,  dignified,  superior,  elevated, 
worthy,  exalted,  illustrious,  magnanimous,  honor- 
able, eminent. 

2.  Honorable,  generous,  magnanimous. 

3.  Choice,  excellent. 

4.  Excellent,  pure. 

5.  High-bom,  aristocratic,  patrician. 

6.  Grand,   stately,   lordly,   splendid,   magnifi- 
cent. 

noble,  «.     Nobleman,  peer. 

nobleman,  «.     Peer,  noble,  grandee,  lord,  one  of 

the   nobility. 
noble-minded,  a.     Magnanimous. 
nobleness,    n.      I.    Greatness,    dignity,  magna- 


nimity, elevation,  superiority,  worthiness,  nobility, 
loftiness  of  character,  moral  excellence. 

2.  Rank,  distinction  by  birth,  station. 

3.  Stateliness,  grandeur,  niagniticence. 
noblesse,  n.     [Fr.j     Aristocracy,  nobility. 
nobly,  ad.    I.  Heroically,  magnanimously,  honor- 
ably. 

2.   Splendidly,  magnificently,  grandly. 
nohody,  ».     I.   No  one,  no  person,  not  any  one, 
not  anybody. 

2.   Unimportant  person,  insignificant  person, 
cipher,  nonentity. 
noctambnlation,  l  n.    Somnambulism,  sleep-walk- 
noctambolism,    \    ing. 

nSStSbSSt,  I  «•    Somnambulist,  sleep-walker. 

noctnmal,  a.    Nightly. 

noctumally,  ad.    Nightly,  by  night. 

nod,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.     Bow. 

nod,  n.     Bow,  beck. 

noddle,  n.     Head  {used  ludicrously). 

noddy,  n.     I.    Fool,  simpleton,  dunce. 

2.    {Omith.)      Booby,     gannet,     solan-goose 

{Sterna  solida). 
node,   n.       Knot,    knob,    protuberance,  swelling, 

lump,  prominence,  process,  excrescence,  nodule, 

nodosity. 
nodule,  n.     See  Node. 
noise, «.     I.   Sound. 

2.  Clamor,  din,  blare,  clatter,  uproar,  outcry, 
tumult,  ado,  cry,  vociferation,  hubbub,  racket, 
fuss,  breeze. 

3.  Talk,  stir,  conversation,  discussion. 

noiseless,  a.     Silent,  inaudible,  quiet. 

noisome,  a.  I.  Noxious,  injurious,  hurtful,  un- 
wholesome, insalubrious,  unhealthy,  pernicious, 
mischievous,  detrimental,  destructive, aeleterious, 
baneful,  poisonous,  pestilential. 

2.   Offensive,  fetid,  disgusting. 
noisy,  a.      I.   Clamorous,   boisterous,  turbulent, 
vociferous,  obstreperous,  blatant,  brawling,  blus- 
tering, uproarious,  tumultuous,  riotous,  loud. 

2.    Full  of   noise,  clamorous,    boisterous,    tu- 
multuous. 
nomad,    \  n.     Wanderer,  one  of  a  nomadic  peo- 

nomade,  I     pie. 

nomadic,    a.      Wandering,    migratory,    pastoral, 

vagrant. 
nomenclature,  «.     Terminology. 
nominal,  a.     Titular,  only  in  name,  nuncupative, 

nuncupatory. 
nominate,  v.  a.    Name  for  an  office,  propose  as  a 

candidate,  designate  for  appointment  or  election. 
nonage,  «.     Minority,  pupilage,  legal  immaturity. 

non-appearance,  I  ^  Ai,c»n^» 
non-attendance,  ( «•  Absence. 
nonchalance,  «.   [Fr.]    Carelessness,  indifference, 

unconcern,  coolness. 
nonchalant,  a.     [Fr.]  _  Unconcerned,  indifferent, 

careless,  cool,  apathetic. 
non  compos    mentis.     [L.]     Demented,   idiotic, 

lunatic,    foolish,   imbecile,  crazy,  not  of  sound 

mind, 
nondescript,  a.    Abnormal,  amorphous,  odd,  un- 

classifiable,  indescribable. 
none,  pron.  sing,  and  //.     I.  Not  one. 

2.    Not  any,  not  a  part,  not  the  least  portion. 
nonenti^,  n.     I.   Inexistence,  non-existence. 

2.  Nothing. 

3.  Nothingness,  insignificance,  futility. 

4.  Nobody,  cipher. 

non-essential,  <z.  Adventitious,  inddental,  acci- 
dental, extraneous,  extrinsic. 

nonesuch,  «.  Nonpareil,  paragon,  pattern,  model, 
acme  of  perfection,  pink  of  perfection,  beau 
ideal. 

nonpareil,  n.    See  Nonesuch. 


NONPAREIL 


286 


NOURISH 


Nonpareil^  a.  Peerless,  unequalled,  unparal- 
leled. 

Nonplus,  «.     Puzzle,  perplexity,  poser,  quandary. 

lionplus,  V.  a.  Puzzle,  confound,  confuse,  dis- 
concert, perplex,  pose,  put  to  a  stand. 

nonsense,  n.  I.  Folly,  absurdity,  stuff,  trash, 
moonshine,  twaddle,  balderdash,  fudge,  inanity, 
platitude. 

2.  Trifles,  things  of  no  consequence  or  im- 
portance. 

ITonsensical,  a.  Absurd,  foolish,  silly,  senseless, 
insensate,  stupid,  ill-judged,  unreasonable,  irra- 
tional, preposterous,  unmeaning,  frivolous,  tri- 
fling. 

Noodle,  n.     Simpleton,  fool  {collog.). 

Nook,  n.     Corner,  recess,  niche,  retired  place. 

Noon,  «.     I.  Mid-day,  twelve  o'clock,  meridian, 
noonday,   noontide. 
2.    Prime,  zenith. 

Noon,  a.     Meridional. 

Noonday,  1  «.     Mid-day,   noon,    meridian,  twelve 

Noontide,  f     o'clock. 

Noon  of  night.    Midnight. 

Noose,  K.     Hitch,  running  knot. 

Norm,  «.      I.  Rule,   pattern,    model,    standard, 
norma. 
2.   Type. 

Norma,  «.     I.   Rule,  principle,  norm. 

2.  Carpenter's  square. 

3.  Pattern,  gauge,  templet,  model. 
Normal,  a.      l.    Regular,    analogical,    ordinary, 

natural,  legitimate,  usual,  according  to  rule. 
2.   Perpendicular,  vertical,  erect. 

North,  a.     Northerly,  northern,  boreal,  arctic. 

Northern,  a.     North,  northerly,  boreal,  arctic. 

Northern  lights.    See  Aurora  boreahs. 

North  star.     Polestar,  loadstar. 

Nosegay,  «.     Bouquet,  posy. 

Nose  of  wax.  Doughface,  pliable  person,  facile 
person. 

N(MStalgia,  «.     {Med.)     Homesickness,  nostalgy. 

Nostrtun,  «.  Quack  medicine,  patent  medicine, 
arcanum. 

Notahility,  «.     I.   Notableness,  remarkableness. 
2.   Notable  person,  person  of  note,  celebrity. 

Notable,  a.  I.  Remarkable,  memorable,  extra- 
ordinary, signal,  distinguished,  noted,  worthy  of 
notice. 

2.  Conspicuous,  manifest,  observable,  plain, 
noticeable.  ^ 

3.  Notorious,  well-known. 

Notable,  a.  Active,  diligent,  sedulous,  industri- 
ous, assiduous,  busy,  watchful,  attentive,  careful, 
clever,  smart. 

Notary,  «.     Notary  public. 

Notch,  n.     Nick,  indentation,  dent,  dint,  incision. 

Notch,  V.  a.      Nick,  cut  notches  in,  indent. 

Note,  «.     I.  Memorandum,  minute,  record. 

2.  Comment,  annotation,  scholium,  remark. 

3.  Catalogue,  reckoning,  account,  bill,  list  of 
items. 

4.^  Official  communication,  diplomatic  com- 
munication, 

5.  Report. 

6.  Billet,  short  letter  or  epistle. 

y.  Notice,  heed,  observation,  regard,  consider- 
ation. 

8.  Distinction,  reputation,  celebrity,  fame, 
repute,  renown,  credit,  account,  consequence, 
respectability,  notedness,  eminence. 

9.  Bill,  bank-note,  promissory  note,  note  of 
hand,  paper-money. 

10.   Voice,  tune,  song. 
Note,  V.  a.     I.   Notice,  remark,  observe,  mark,  re- 
gard, heed,  attend  to,  take  notice  of,  pay  atten- 
tion to. 
2.  Record,  register,  make  a  note  of,  make  a 


memorandum  of,  make  a  minute  of,  set  down 
in  writing,  jot  down. 

3.  Designate,  denote. 

4.  Annotate,  furnish  with  notes. 
Note-hook,  n.     Memorandum-book,  journal,  com- 
monplace book,  adversaria. 

Noted,  a.  Distinguished,  celebrated,  remarkable, 
notable,  notorious,  famous,  famed,  renowned, 
conspicuous,  eminent,  illustrious,  well-known. 

Noteworthy,  a.  Remarkable,  extraordinary,  un- 
usual, rare,  memorable,  worthy  of  note,  notice- 
able. 

Nothing,  n.  I.  No  thing,  no  quantity,  no  part, 
no  degree. 

2.  Non-existence,  nihility,  inexistence,  nihil- 
ism, nonentity,  nothingness,  nullity. 

3.  Trifle,  bagatelle,  small  matter,  thing  of  no 
importance,  matter  of  no  consequence. 

4.  Cipher,  zero,  nought. 
Nothing,  ad.     Not  at  all,  in  no  de^ee. 
Nothingness,  «.     I.   Nihility,  nihilism,  non-exist- 
ence, nonentity. 

2.   Nothing,  nought,  worthless  thing. 
Notice,  n.     I,   Note,  heed,  observation,  regard, 
cognizance. 

2.  Information,  notification,  advice,  news,  in- 
telligence, announcement,  mention. 

3.  Intimation,  premonition,  warning,  intelli- 
gence. 

4.  Instruction,  direction,  order. 

5.  Intimation,  communication. 

6.  Attention,  civility,  consideration,  respect. 

7.  Comments,  remarks,  critical  review. 
Notice,  V.  a.     I.    Perceive,  see,  become  aware  of, 

heed,  regard,  mark,  note,  observe,  remark,  mind, 
take  cognizance  of. 

2.  Remark  upon,  mention,  comment  on. 

3.  Treat  with  attention,  be  civil  to. 
Noticeable,    a.     Observable,    worthy    of   notice, 

noteworthy. 
Notification,  n.     I.   Information,  notice,  advice, 
intelligence,  announcement. 
2.   Advertisement. 
Notify,  V.  a.     I.  Declare,  promulgate,  publish, 
announce,  advertise,  make  known. 

2.    Inform,  apprise,  acquaint,  make  known  to, 
give  notice  to,  signify  to. 
Notion,   n.      I.     Conception,    concept,    universal 
idea,  general  or  universal  conception. 

2.   Opinion,    sentiment,    apprehension,    judg- 
ment, belief,  view,  impression,  estimation,  con- 
ceit, conviction,  expectation. 
Notional,  a.  ^  I.    Ideal,  abstract. 

2.  Imaginary,  fantastical,  visionary,  ideal, 
chimerical. 

3.  Whimsical,  capricious,  fanciful,  crotchety, 
freakish. 

Notoriety, «.     I.  Publicity. 

2.  Repute  {generally  in  a  had  sense),  reputa- 
tion, celebrity,  fame,  name,  note,  vogue,  figure. 

Notorious,  a.  I.  Open,  overt,  patent,  manifest, 
obvious,  apparent,  evident,  well-known,  egre- 
gious, notable. 

2.  Conspicuous  {generally  in  a  had  sense), 
noted,  celebrated,  famous,  famed,  distinguished, 
remarkable,  renowned. 

Notoriously,  ad.     I.   Publicly,  openly. 
2.    Enormously,  egreginusly. 

Notwithstanding,  prep.     Despite,  in  spite  of. 

Notwithstanding,  con/.  Nevertheless,  yet,  how- 
ever, for  all  that,  despite,  in  spite  of. 

Nought,  n.     Nothing,  naught. 

Noun,  n.     Substantive. 

Nourish,   v.  a.      I.   Nurture,   nurse,    feed,  tend, 
supply  with  food  ^rnutriment,  furnish  sustenance 
to. 
2.  Support,  maintain,  provide  for. 


NOURISHING 


287 


NYSSA 


3.  Train,    educate,    instruct,     breed,     bring 
up. 

4.  Cherish,  encourage,  foster,  promote,  succor, 
foment. 

5.  Cherish,  comfort. 
Nonrlsllillg:,  «.     Nutrition,  nourishment. 
WourisllUI^,  a.     Nutritious,  nutritive,  strengthen- 
ing, invigorating,  healthtui,  wholesome. 

ITourisIUIieilt,  «.     I.    Nutrition,  nourishing. 

2.   Food,  aliment,  diet,  sustenance,  nutriment, 

nutrition. 
novaCttllte,  «.     Turkey-stone,  Turkey  oil-stone, 

razor-stone,  whet-slate. 
ITovel,  a.     New,  stran.^e,  unusual,  modem,  recent, 

fresh,  uncommon,  rare. 
Kovel,  n.     Tale,  romance,  story,  fiction,  fictitious 

narrative 
ITovice,  n.     I.   Convert,  proselyte. 

2.  Probationer,  novitiate. 

3.  Tyro,  beginner,  learner. 
noyitiate,  ».     I     Apprenticeship. 

2.  Probation,  noviceship. 

3.  Novice,  probationer. 

How,  ad.  I.  At  this  time,  at  once,  at  this  mo- 
ment, at  present. 

2.  Very  lately,  a  little  while  ago. 

3.  After  this,  things  being  so. 

4.  At  that  time. 

5.  Since,  it  being  so  that. 

Nowadays,  ad.  In  these  days,  in  this  age,  in  the 
present  age,  now 

Ifow  and  tben.  Occasionally,  indefinitely,  once 
in  a  while,  not  often,  at  intervals. 

IToway,    ^ad.     Not  at  all,   in  no  degree,  in   no 

Noways,  f      manner,  nowise. 

Rowise,  ad.     Noway,  noways. 

NoalOllS,  a.  I.  Injurious,  hurtful,  baneful,  perni- 
cious, detrimental,  unwholesome,  mischievous, 
insalubrious,  deleterious,  noisome,  pestiferous, 
pestilent,  deadly,  destructive,  poisonous. 

2.   Unfavorable,  injurious,  pernicious,  baneful, 
harmful,  corrupting. 

Nozzle,  n.     Nose,  snout. 

Nubile,  a.     Marriageable. 

Nticleos,  n.     Kernel,  core,  centre. 

Nude,  a.  Bare,  uncovered,  undressed,  unclothed, 
naked,  exposed,  denuded,  stark  naked,  in  a  state 
of  nature,  in  pur  is  naturalibus. 

Nndg:e,  V.  a.     Push  gently,  jog,  poke. 

Nudee,  n.     Gentle  push,  jog,  poke. 

Nudfl^,  «.     Nakedness. 

Nugatory,  a.  I.  Trifling,  futile,  vain,  insignifi- 
cant, trivial,  frivolous,  worthless. 

2.   Inoperative,  ineffectual,  inefficacious,   una- 
vailing, useless,  bootless,  null,  to  no  purpose. 

Nneget,  «.     Lump,  mass. 

Nuisance,  «.  Annoyance,  plague,  bane,  infliction, 
pest,  bore. 

Null,  a.     I.   Void,  invalid,  useless,   nugatory,   of 
no  efficacy,  of  no  account,  ineffectual. 
2.   Characterless,  expressionless. 

Nullify,  V.  a.  Annul,  invalidate,  cancel,  abrogate, 
repeal,  make  void,  make  of  no  effect,  abolish, 
revoke. 

Nullity,  «.  I.  Non-existence,  nonentity,  nihility, 
nothmgness,  insignificance. 

2.  Nothing,  nonentity. 

3.  Invalidity,  inefficacy. 

Numb,  a.   Torpid,  benumbed,  paralyzed,  deadened, 

insensible. 
Numb,  V.  a.      Benumb,   stupefy,  deaden,    make 

torpid. 
Number,  v.  a..    I.   Count,  enumerate,  tell,  reckon. 


calculate,  compute,  numerate,  call  over,  tell  off, 
run  over,  sum  up. 

2.  Reckon,  account. 

3.  Equal  in  number. 

4.  Amount  to,  reach  the  number  of,  contain, 
include,  consist  of. 

5.  Designate  by  number,  affix  a  number  to. 
Number,  n.     I.    Figure,  numeral,  digit,  numero. 

2.  Many. 

3.  Multitude,  numerousness. 

4.  Collection  of  units. 

Numberless,  a.     Innumerable,  countless,  infinite. 
Number  one.    ICoilog.)    Self. 

Numbers,  ». //.     I.  Verse,  poetry,  song. 

2.    Fourth  book  of    the  Pentateuch ;  census 

of  the  Hebrews. 
Ntunb-fish,  «.     (Ick.)    Torpedo. 
Numbness,    n.     Torpor,    insensibility,    deadness, 

paralysis,  torpidity,  palsy. 
Numeral,  n.     Figure,  number,  digit. 
Numerate,     v.     a.      Reckon,    enumerate,    count, 

number,  call  over,  tell  off. 
Numeric,      \a.    I.    Numeral. 
Numerical,  )         2.    Identical. 
Numerous,  a.     Large  (in  number\  made  up  of 

many. 
NumSKUll,  n.     Blockhead,  simpleton,  dunce,  dolt, 

dullard,  fool. 
Nuncio,  n.     I.   Messenger,  intelligencer. 
2.   Ambassador  {of  the  Pope),  legate. 
Nuncupative,  a.     I.   (Law.)    Oral. 

2.    Nominal,  nuncupatory. 
Nunnery,  «.   Convent,  cloister,  abbey,  monastery. 
Nuptial,  a.     Bridal,  hymeneal. 
Nuptials,  n.  pi.     Marriage,  wedding,   bridal,  es- 
pousals, nuptial  festival,  marriage  ceremony. 
Nurse,  v.  a.     I.   Nourish,   nurture,  supply  with 

nourishment. 

2.  Suckle,  feed  at  the  breast,  give  suck  to, 
nourish  at  the  breast 

3.  Cherish,  foster,  encourage,  succor,  promote, 
foment,  fester,  feed,  pamper. 

4.  Tend  in  sickness,   care  for,  take  care  of, 
attend  upon. 

5.  Manage,  economize. 

6.  Caress,  fondle,  dandle. 

7.  Rear,  nurture,  bring  up. 

Nursling,  «.     Infant,  babe,  baby,  suckling,  child, 

fondling,  nurse-child. 
Nurture,  «.     I.    Nourishment,  food,  diet. 

2.  Training,  education,  instruction,  discipline, 
tuition,  schooling,  breeding. 

3.  Nursing,  nourishing,  tender  care,  attention. 
Nurture,  v.  a.     I.    Feed,  nourish,  nurse,  tend. 

2.   Train,  educate,  instruct,  school,  rear,  breed, 
discipline,  bring  up,  train  up. 

Nutgall,  n.    Gall,  gall-nut. 

Nutriment,  «.     I.  Aliment,  nourishment,   nutri- 
tion, food,  sustenance,  subsistence. 
2.    Pabulum. 

Nutrition,  «.     I.   Nourishing,  feeding. 
2.    Food,  nutriment. 

Nutritious,  la.    Nourishing,  strengthening,  whole- 
Nutritive,    J      some,   nutrimental,    alimental,  nu- 
trient. 

Nyctalopy,  n.    Day-blindness,  nocturnal  sight. 

Nye,  n.     Brood,  flock. 

Nymph,  n.    {In  poetry.)    Damsel,  maiden,  maid, 
lass,  girl. 

Nympha,    n.    (Eni.)     Pupa,    chrysalis,    aurelia, 
nymph. 

Nyssa,  ».     (Bot.)    Tupelo,  pepperidge,  sour  gum- 
tree. 


OAF 


288 


OBSCURE 


O 


Oaff  «.  I.  Changeling  {when  a  foolish  child  is 
le/i  in  place  of  another). 

2.   Fool,    simpleton,    dolt,    idiot,    blockhead, 
dunce. 
Oaky>  a.     Hard,  firm,  strong. 
Oathy    n.      I.    Soleina    affirmation,     imprecatory 
pledge,   vow,   sworn    statement  or  promise    or 
pledge. 

2.   Imprecation,  blasphemy,  curse,  malediction. 
OMuracy,  «.     I.    Contumacy,  stubbornness,  dog- 
gedness,  hardness  of  heart,  obstinacy. 
2.   Impenitence,  depravity. 
OMurate,  a.     I.    Hard,  harsh,  rugged,  rough. 

2.  Hardened,  obstinate,  firm,  callous,  unfeel- 
ing, stubborn,  unyielding,  dogged,  pig-headed, 
inflexible,  inexorable,  cantankerous,  hard- 
hearte.d,   unbending,    unsusceptible,  insensible. 

3.  Depraved,  graceless,  shameless,  reprobate, 
lost,  impenitent,  irreclaimable,  incorrigible. 

Obedience,  «.     I.    Compliance,  submission. 
2.   Dutifulness,  duty,  reverence,  respect. 

01)edient,  a.  Compliant,  submissive,  deferential, 
dutiful,  respectful,  yielding  compliance,  observ- 
ant, regardful,  subservient. 

01)elsiance,  ».  Salutation,  reverence,  bow, 
courtesy. 

Obelisk,    «.      I.   Column,     pillar,    quadrangular 
pillar. 
2.   Dagger  {in  printing). 

Obese,  a.  Fat,  fleshy,  corpulent,  stout,  plump, 
portly,  gross. 

Obesity,  «•  Fleshiness,  fatness,  corpulence,  cor- 
pulency, plumpness,  embonpoint,  obeseness. 

Obfuscate,  v.  a.     I.    Darken,  cloud,  obscure. 
2.    Bewilder,  confuse,  muddle. 

Obit,  n.     I.    Funeral  rite,  obsequies. 
2.   Death,  decease. 

Obituary,  «.     Necrology. 

Object,  n.  I.  Thing,  reality,  particular,  existence, 
fact,  phenomenon,  percept,  thing  perceived,  ex- 
ternal reality. 

2.  Mark,  aim,  target,  butt ;  goal,  end,  desti- 
nation ;  recipient,  correlate,  or  complement  (^a 
conscious  stibj'ect). 

3.  End,  aim,  intent,  intention,  purpose,  de- 
sign, motive,  use,  view,  drift,  goal,  final  cause. 

4.  {Gram,)   Regimen,  complement. 
Objection,  «.     Exception,  difficulty,  doubt,  scruple. 
Objectionable,  a.     Exceptionable. 

Objective,  a.  I.  Belonging  to  or  characterizing 
the  object  {as  distinguished  from  the  subject). 

2.  Outward,  external,  real,  actual,  positive, 
true,  unconditional,  universal,  non-subjective, 
free  from  subjective  limits. 

3.  Absorbed  in  objects,  non-introversive,  free 
from  introversion,  wholly  occupied  with  the  ob- 
ject or  fact,  that  tells  things  as  they  are,  that  does 
riot  color  facts,  that  paints  things  in  their  own 
light,  extroitive  {rare). 

4.  {Gram.)  Denoting  the  object  or  regimen 
or  complement. 

5.  (Mil.)  Destined,  aimed  at,  of  chief  aim,  of 
iiltimate  strategy. 

Objectless,  a.  Aimless,  purposeless,  wandering, 
vae:ue,  desultory. 

Object  to.  Disapprove  of,  protest  against,  take  ex- 
ception to. 

Objurgate,  v.  a.     Chide,  reprove,  reprehend. 

Objurgation,  «.     Reproof,  reprehension,  rebuke. 

Objurgatory,  a.  Culpatory,  reprehensory,  re- 
proving, rebuking. 


Oblation,  «.     Offering,  sacrifice. 

Obligate,  v.  a.    {huUgant.)     Bind,  oblige,  bring 

under^  obligation. 
Obligation,   «.     I.   Responsibility,     accountable- 

ness,   bond   of  duty. 

2.  Engagement,  contract,  agreement,  stipula- 
tion, bond,  covenant. 

3,  Debt  of  gratitude. 

Obligate,    a.   (Mus.)     [Written    also  Obbligato.} 

Required,  necessary,  indispensable. 
Obligatory,  a.     Binding,  coercive. 
Oblige,  V  a.     I.   Compel,  force,  coerce,  constrain, 

necessitate,  bind. 

2.  Serve,  accommodate,  please,  favor,  benefit, 
gratify,  do  a  service  for,  do  a  favor  to. 

3.  Obligate,  bind,  bring  or  lay  under  obli- 
gation. 

Obliging,  a.  Civil,  complaisant,  kind,  considerate, 
accommodating,  courteous,  polite,  friendly,  ur- 
bane, affable. 

Oblique,  a.     I.    Inclined,  aslant,  slanting. 

2.  Indirect,  obscure. 

3.  Underhand. 

4.  Envious,  unpropitious,  malignant,  sinister, 
bad. 

5.  Collateral,  indirect. 

Obliterate,  v.  a.    I.   Efface,  erase,  expunge,  can- 
cel, rub  out,  rub  off,  blot  out,  scratch  out,  wipe 
out,  strike  out. 
2.   Wear  out,  destroy. 

Obliteration,  «.  Effacement,  erasure,  extinction, 
blotting  out. 

Oblivion,   n.      I.    Forgetfulness  (Oblivion   refers 
especially  to  the  thing  forgotten). 
2,   Amnesty,  general  pardon. 

Oblivious,  a.  Forgetful,  mindless,  heedless,  care- 
less, negligent,  neglectful. 

Obloquy,  «.  Reproach,  detraction,  odium,  cen- 
sure, blame,  calumny,  contumely,  slander,  defa- 
mation, backbiting,  traducing,  aspersion,  reviling. 

ObnojdOUS,  a.  I.  Reprehensible,  censurable, 
blameworthy,   faulty. 

2.  Hateful,  unpleasing,  odious,  offensive,  un- 
popular. 

3.  Subject,  liable,  answerable,  exposed  (with 
to),  amenable. 

Oboe,  n.     Hautboy. 

Obscene,  a.  I.  Indecent,  indelicate,  immodest, 
impure,  ribald,  gross,  coarse,  broad,  unchaste, 
lewd,  loose,  smutty,  offensive,  shameless,  filthy. 

2.  Dirty,  filthy,  foul,  offensive,  disgusting. 

3.  Inauspicious,  ill-omened,  ill-boding. 
Obscenity,    «.       I.    Indecency,     indelicacy,     im- 
modesty,   unchastity,   lewdness,   obsceneness. 

2.  Ribaldry,  lewdness,  smuttiness,  indelicacy. 
Obscure,  a.     I.    Dark,  gloomy,  rayless,  darksome, 

unilluminated,    unenlightened,    dusky,     sombre, 
sombrous,   lurid,    shadowy,    murky,    dim. 

2«  Unintelhgible,  incomprehensible,  indis- 
tinct, indefinite,  vague,  doubtful,  enigmatical, 
mysterious,  mystic,  mystical,  recondite,  abstruse, 
cabalistic,  transcendental,  high,  intricate,  in- 
volved,  difficult,   blind. 

3.  Retired,  remote,  secluded. 

4.  Unknown,  undistinguished,  nameless,  un- 
noted, unnoticed,  renownless,  unhonored,  humble, 
inglorious. 

5.  Imperfect,  dim,  indistinct,  defective. 
Obscure,   v.   a      I.   Darken,  cloud,  eclipse,  dim, 

shade,  obfuscate. 
2.  Degrade,  tarnish. 


OBSCURITY 


289 


OCCUR 


3.    Hide,  disguise,  keep  in  the  dark,  conceal, 
cover. 
Otacurity,    n.      I.   Darkness^     dimness,     gloom, 
gloominess,  shade,  obscuration,  cloud,  obfusca- 
tion,  opacity. 

2.  Unintelligibleness,  darkness  of  meaning. 

3.  Humbleness. 

4.  Seclusion,  retirement,  privacy. 
Obsequies,  n.  pi.     Exequies,  funeral  rites,  funeral 

solemnities,  obit. 

ObseQuions,  a.  Fawning,  sycophantic,  deferential, 
flattering,  cringing,  servile,  slavish,  supple, 
meanly   submissive. 

Obsequiousness,  «.  Fawning,  cringing,  servility, 
slavishness,  suppleness,  sycophancy,  mean  com- 
pliance. 

Observable,  a.  Noticeable,  remarkable,  marked, 
striking,  noteworthy. 

Observance,  «.  I.  Performance,  fulfilment,  dis- 
charge, acquittal. 

2.  Form,  ceremony,  ceremonial,  rite. 

3.  Practice,  custom,  usage,  fashion. 

4.  Attention,  service,  respect. 
Observant,  a.     I.   Mindful,    regardful,    heedful, 

attentive,  watchful. 

2.  Obedient,  attentive  to. 

3.  Attentive,  submissive. 

Observation,  «.     I.   Notice,  attention,  observance. 

2.  Remark,  note,  annotation. 

3.  Knowledge,  experience,  note. 

4.  Remark,  comment. 

5.  Observance. 

Observe,  v.  a.  I.  Notice,  remark^  note,  watch, 
eye,  mark,  take  note  of,  pay  attention  to. 

2.  See,  behold,  notice,  perceive,  detect,  dis- 
cover. 

3.  Utter,  express,  remark,  mention,  say. 

4.  Fulfil,  obey,  follow,  comply  with,  conform 
to,  adhere  to,  be  faithful  ta 

5.  Celebrate,  regard,  keep,  solemnize. 
Observe,  v.  n.     i.  Take  notice,  attend. 

2.   Make  a  remark,  comment. 
Observer,  «.     I.   Beholder,  spectator,  bystander, 
on-looker,  looker-on. 

2.  Regarder,  keeper. 

3.  Student,  examiner,  watcher. 

4.  Fulfiller,  performer,  keeper. 

Obsolete,  a-  Antiquated,  disused,  neglected,  un- 
fashionable, old-fashioned,  out  of  date,  fallen  into 
desuetude,  ancient,  antique,  old,  archaic,  past. 

Obstacle,  n.  Hindrance,  obstruction,  impediment, 
difficulty,  check,  barrier,  stumbling-block. 

Obstetrician,  «.     Midwife,  accoucheur. 

Obstetrics,  «.  //.     Midwifery,  tocology. 

Obstinacy,  n.  I.  Stubbornness,  doggedness, 
headiness,  wilfulness,  perversity,  contumacy,  ob- 
duracy, inflexibility,  pertinacity,  persistency, 
firmness,   resoluteness. 

2.   Fixedness,  immovability,  stubbornness,  te- 
nacity, tenaciousness. 

Obstinate,  a.  I.  Stubborn,  dogged,  contuma- 
cious, unyielding,  inflexible,  perverse,  mulish, 
opinionated,  opinionative,  wilful,  heady,  head- 
strong, refractory,  unruly,  cross-grained,  intrac- 
table, obdurate,  persistent,  self-willed,  immov- 
able, firm,  resolute,  pertinacious. 

2.   Unyielding,    immovable,    stubborn,     tena- 
cious. 

ObstreperottS,  a.  Loud,  noisy,  clamorous,  turbu- 
lent, tumultuous,  boisterous,  uproarious. 

Obstruct,  V.  a.  I.  Close,  bar,  stop,  choke,  block- 
ade, barricade,  block  up,  dam  up. 

2.  Hinder,  impede,  oppose,  stop,  prevent. 

3.  Retard,   interrupt,  check,  clog,  embarrass, 
arrest. 

Obstruction,  n.  I.  Hindrance,  obstacle,  impedi- 
ment, barrier,  check,  difficulty,  bar. 

19 


2.  Check,  hindrance,  embarrassment,  clog,  in- 
terruption. 

Obtain,  v.  a.  Procure,  get,  acquire,  achieve,  gain, 
win,  earn,  secure,  get  possession  of,  attain. 

Obtain,  v.  n.  Hold  goud,  subsist,  continue  in 
use,  be  received,  become  prevalent,  be  estab- 
lished. 

Obtest,  V.  a.     I.    Beseech,  implore,  conjure,  sup- 
plicate,  beg,   invoke,   entreat,  pray,  solicit,  im- 
portune, conjure,  adjure. 
2.   Beg  for,  supplicate. 

Obtrude,  v.  a.  Intrude,  thrust  in,  press  in,  foist 
in,  worm  in,  interfere. 

Obtrusive,  a.  Intrusive,  forward,  officious,  in- 
clined to  obtrude. 

Obtuse,  a.     I.    B,unt. 

2.  Dull,  stupid,  stolid,  doltish,  blockish,  stock- 
ish,  heavy,  slow,  unintelligent,  unintellectual, 
dull-witted,  blunt-witted. 

3.  Dull,  obscure,  deadened,  muffled. 
Obtuseness,  ».     I.   Bluntness. 

2.  Dulness,  stupidity,  stolidity,  doltishness, 
obtusion,  obtusity. 

3.  Dulness,  obscurity. 

Obviate,  v.  a.  Preclude,  prevent,  turn  aside,  re- 
move, provide  against 

Obvious,  a.  I.  Open,  exposed,  liable,  subject, 
obnoxious. 

2.  Plain,  evident,  manifest,  clear,  palpable, 
visible,  p.itent,  apparent,  unmistakable,  percep- 
tible, distinct,  self-evident. 

Occasion,  n.  I.  Occurrence,  incident,  casualty, 
event. 

2.  Opportunity,  convenience,  juncture,  con- 
juncturej  opening,  suitable  time,  favorable  time, 
nick  of  time,  golden  opportunity. 

3.  Necessity,  need,  exigency,  requirement, 
want. 

4.  Cause  (Jncidental)^  ground,  reason. 

5.  Motive,  reason,  inducement,  influence. 

6.  Circumstances,  jiincture,  exigency. 
Occasion,    v.    a.     I.    Cause,    produce,   originate, 

breed,  create,  bring  about,  give  rise  to,  give  oc- 
casion to.  bring  to  pass,  be  the  cause  of. 
2.    Induce,  influence,  persuade,  move. 

Occasional,  a.      I.  Incidental,  accidental,  casual, 
irregular. 
2.   Causative,  causing. 

Occasionally,  ad.  Sometimes,  casually,  at  times, 
now  and  then. 

Occasive,  a.    Falling,  setting,  descending,  western. 

Occident,  «.     West. 

Occidental,  a.     Western. 

Occult,  a.  Hidden,  secret,  unrevealed,  invisible, 
unknown,  undiscovered,  undetected,  mysterious, 
mystic,  mystical,  recondite,  cabalistic,  latent, 
abstruse,  veiled,  shrouded. 

Occultation,  «.     Eclipse,  occulting. 

Occupancy,  «.  Possession  ij^or  the  time),  tenure, 
holding,  use,  occupation,  enjoyment. 

Occupant,  «.  Possessor  {for  the  time),  occupier, 
holder,  tenant. 

Occupation,  n.  I.  Possession,  holding  tenure, 
use,  occupancy. 

2.  Business,  engagement,  employment. 

3.  Employment,  business,  calling,  vocation, 
avocation,  profession,  pursuit,  trade,  craft,  walk 
of  life. 

Occupy,  V.  a.  I.  Possess  {/or  the  time),  keep, 
hold,  have  possession  of. 

2.  Cover,  fill,  take  up,  possess. 

3.  Employ,  use. 

4.  Follow,  pursue,  be  engaged  with. 

5.  Employ,  busy,  engage. 

Occur,  V.  n.  I.  Appear,  arise,  oflFer,  come  into 
view,  present  itself,  be  met  with,  meet  the  eye, 
be  found. 


OCCURRENCE 


290 


OFTEN 


2.  Come  to  one's  mind,  come  into  one's  head, 
flash  on  the  mind,  present  itself,  appear. 

3.  Befall,  happen,  fall  out,  take  place,  come 
about,  come  to  pass. 

Occurrence,  «.  Incident,  event,  accident,  casualty, 
adventure,  affair,  transaction,  proceeding. 

Ocean,  «.     I.   Sea,  main,  deep,  great  deep,  great 
sea,  high  sea. 
2.    Immense  expanse,  infinity. 

Oceanic,  a.     Marine,  pelagic,  Neptunian. 

OciUocracy,  n.     Mobocracy,  mob-government. 

Octagon,  «.     Eight-sided  figure. 

Octagonal,  a.     Eight-sided,  eight-angled. 

Octopus,  «.  Cuttlefish,  ink-fish,  squid  {Sepia  offi- 
cinalis). 

Octuple,  a.     Eightfold. 

Od,  «•    Odyle,  odyllic  force,  odic  force,  odyl. 

Odd,  a.     I.   Uneven,  not  divisible  by  2. 

2.  Unmatched,  single  {of  a  pair  or  set). 

3.  Supernumerary,  redundant,  left  over  {from 
a  specified  number)^  additional,  remaining. 

4.  Unheeded. 

5.  Retired,  secluded. 

6.  Incidental,  casual,  fragmentary. 

7.  Unsuitable,  inappropriate,  queer. 

8.  Singular,  unusual,  extraordinary,  queer, 
quaint,  strange,  uncommon,  eccentric,  fantasiic, 
whimsical,  peculiar,  unique,  comical,  droll,  gro- 
tesque, extravagant,  out  of  the  way,  bizarre. 

Oddity,  «.     Singularity,  strangeness,  queerness. 

Oddly,  ad.  Strangely,  unusually,  irregularly,  sin- 
gularly, uncouthly. 

Odds,  n.  sing,  and  //.  I.  Difference,  disparity, 
inequality. 

2.  Probability. 

3.  Advantage,  superiority,  supremacy. 

Odds  and  ends.      Fragments,  remnants,  scraps, 

refuse. 
Ode,  «.     Lyric  poem. 
Odious,  a.      I,    Hateful,    detestable,    execrable, 

abominable,  shocking. 

2.  Hateful,  invidious. 

3.  Hated,  obnoxious,  unpopular. 

4.  Disagreeable,  offensive,  disgusting,  repul- 
sive, loathsome,  forbidding. 

Odium,  «.  I.  Hatred,  hate,  dislike,  enmity,  ab- 
horrence, detestation,  antipathy. 

2.  Odiousness,  repulsiveness. 

3.  Obloquy,  opprobrium,  reproach. 
Odontalgia,  «.     {Med.)    Toothache,  odontalgy. 
Odor,   «•      Scent  {good  or  bad),  smell,  perfume, 

fragrance,  redolence. 
Odoriferous,  |  a.       Fragrant,    perfumed,    balmy, 
Odorous,         (       aromatic,  sweet-smelling,  sweet- 
scented,  odorant. 

gg}^^  }  n.     Od,  odyllic  force. 

CEcumenical,  a.    See  Ecumenical. 

(Esophagus,  n.     Gullet. 

Off,  prep.     I.   Not  on,  not  upon. 

2.    Against,  opposite,  opposite  to,  distant  from, 
along,  facing. 
Off,  a.     I.   Most  distant,  on  the  farther  side. 

2.   Right  side,  right  hand. 
Off,  ad.     I.   Away. 

2.  From,  away. 

3.  Over,  done. 
Offal,  n.     I.    Garbage. 

2.  Waste,  refuse,  rubbish. 

3.  Carrion. 

Offence,  «.  I.  Attack,  assault,  aggression,  onset 
(in  the  expression  '■''•weapons  of  offence'"). 

2.  Hurt,  harm,  injury. 

3.  Displeasure,  anger,  indignation,  wrath, 
umbrage,  resentment. 

4.  Injury,  injustice,  affront,  wrong,  insult,  in- 
dignity, outrage. 


S.  Trespass,    transgression,    misdeed,    delin- 
quency, misdemeanor,  crime,  sin,  fault. 
Offend,  V.  a.      I,    Affront,  displease,  vex,  chafe, 
annoy,  irritate,  provoke,  nettle,  mortify,  fret,  gall, 
give  offence  to,  make  angry. 
2.   Shock,  wound,  pain,  annoy,  molest. 
Offend,  V.  n.     I.   Give  offence. 

2.  Transgress,  sin,  do  wrong,  commit  offence, 
stumble,  err,  fall. 

3.  Take  offence,  be  scandalized. 
Offender,  «.     I.  Transgressor,  culprit,  trespasser, 

delinquent. 
2.   Convict,  felon,  criminal,  malefactor. 
Offensive,  a.    I.  Aggressive,  assailant,  attacking, 
invading. 

2.  Disgusting,  nauseating,  nauseous,  sicken- 
ing, loathsome,  repulsive. 

3.  Disagreeable,  unpleasant,  unpalatable,  dis- 
pleasing, revolting,  shocking,  abominable,  detest- 
able, hateful,  execrable,  obnoxious. 

4.  Irritating,  disagreeable,  unpleasant,  imper- 
tinent, rude,  saucy,  opprobrious,  insolent,  insult- 
ing, abusive. 

Offer,  V.  a.     I.   Present,  tender,  proffer. 

2.  Exhibit,  proffer,  put  forward. 

3.  Furnish,  propose,  propound,  show,  give, 
move. 

4.  Sacrifice,  immolate,  present. 

5.  Bid  {as  price). 

Offer,  V.  n.     I.  Occur,  present  itself,  be  at  hand. 

2.  Volunteer,  propose,  make  an  offer. 

3.  Make  an  attempt,  venture,  dare,  essay, 
endeavor. 

Offer,  n.  I.  Proposal,  proposition,  proffer,  ten- 
der, overture. 

2.  Bid. 

3.  Attempt,  endeavor,  essay. 
Offering,  «.     Sacrifice,  oblation. 

Off-hand,  a.  Unpremeditated,  unstudied,  extem- 
pore, free  and  easy,  impromptu. 

Ofl-hand,  ad.  Extempore,  at  the  moment,  on  the 
spur  of  the  moment,  without  premeditation  or 
study,  readily,  with  ease,  impromptu. 

Office,  «.  I.  Work,  service,  duty,  customary 
duty. 

2.  Station  {conferred  by  authority),  post,  situ- 
ation, place,  position,  berth. 

3.  Charge,  trust,  business,  employment,  duty, 
service,  function,  capacity. 

4.  Place  of  business,  room,  bureau. 

5.  Service,  act  of  worship,  formulary  of  devo- 
tion. 

6.  Company,  corporation. 

Officer,  «.     Official,  functionary,  magistrate. 

Official,  a.     Authoritative,  by  authority. 

Official,  «.     Functionary,  officer,  magistrate. 

Officiate,  v.  n.     Act,  serve,  perform. 

Officious,  a.  Meddlesome,  interfering,  intermed- 
dling, obtrusive,  busy,  pragmatical,  meddling, 
pushing  forward. 

Offscourmg,  «.  Refuse,  sweepings,  dirt,  scum, 
dross,  recrement,  rubbish,  offscum. 

Offset,  n,  I.  Sprout,  shoot,  slip,  branch,  offshoot, 
twig,  scion. 

2.  Counterpoise,  counterbalance,  set-off,  equiv- 
alent. 

Offshoot,  «.     Shoot,  branch,  offset. 

Offspring,  «.    I.  Issue,  progeny,  child  or  children, 
descendant  or  descendants,  posterity. 
2.   Production. 

Offuscate,  v.  a.     See  Obfuscate. 

Of  old.  Anciently,  a  long  while  ago,  in  the  olden 
time,  in  ancient  times,  in  days  of  yore,  long  ago, 
in  days  long  gone,  formerly. 

Oft,  ad.     {Poetical:)     Often,  frequently. 

Often,  ad.  Frequently,  repeatedly,  many  times, 
oftentimes,  ofttimes  {poetical). 


OF  THE  FIRST  WATER 


291 


ON  THE  ANVIL 


Of  the  first  water.  Of  the  first  or  highest  excel- 
lence {said  of  a  gem  ). 

Ogee,  n.     (^Arch.)    Cymatium,  cyma. 

Ogle,  n.     Side  glance,  leer,  fond  look. 

Ogre,  n.  Monster,  spectre,  goblin,  hobgoblin, 
bugbear,  frightful  object. 

Oh  for.     Oh  that  I  had,  would  that  I  had. 

Oiliness,  «.     Unctuousness,  greasiness. 

Oil  of  ■vitriol.     Sulphuric  acid,  vitriolic  acid. 

Oil-plant,  n.  Sesame,  benne,  oily-grain  (Sesa- 
mum). 

Oil-seed,  «.     Castor-bean. 

Oil-skin,  n.     Waterproof  cloth,  dreadnaught. 

Oily,  a.  I.  Unctuous,  greasy,  oleaginous,  seba- 
ceous, fatty,  fat,  oleose,  oleous. 

2.  Unctuous,  smooth,  glib,  lubricous,  oleagi- 
Dous,  supple-chapped,  plausible. 

3.  Supple,  compliant,  subservient. 
Ointment, «.    Unguent. 

Okra,  n.  [Written  also  Ochra,  Ocra,  and  Okro.'] 
Gumbo  {A  belmoschus  tsculentus). 

Old,  a.  I.  Aged,  elderly,  of  advanced  age,  ad- 
vanced in  years. 

2.  Ancient,  antique,  antiquated,  old-fashioned, 
olden. 

3.  Of  long  date,  not  new. 

4.  Going  to  decay,  worn  out,  good  for  nothing, 
decayed. 

5.  Ancient,  pristine,  primitive,  originaL 

6.  Former,  pre-existing,  preceding. 

7.  Experienced,  practised,  skilled. 

8.  Long-cultivated,  fertile,  rich. 

9.  Thoughtful,  sensible,  intelligent. 

10.  Crafty,   cunning,   sly,  wise,  shrewd,  saga- 
cious (coUoq.). 

11.  Aged,  antiquated,  bad,  mean. 
Old  age.     Senility,  oldness. 
Olden,  a.     Ancient,  old. 

Old-fashioned,  a.     Antiquated,  antique,  ancient, 

old,  archaic,  out  of  fashion,  out  of  date. 
Oldness,  n.     I.   Antiquity. 

2.    Age,  old  age. 
Old-time,  a.     Former,  quondam,  late,  in  former 

times. 
Old-womanish,  a.    Anile,  aged,  doting,  imbecile, 

decrepit,  superannuated. 
Old-world,  a.     Antiquated,  old-fashioned. 
Oleaginous,  a.     Oily,  unctuous,  greasy,  sebaceous, 

adipose,  fatty,  fat. 
Oleander,  «.     Rose-bay  {Nerium  oleander)'. 
Olfactory,  a.     Smelling 

Olibantun,  «.     Frankincense  {fifth*  ancients). 
Olio,  «.     I.    Stew,  ragout. 

2.  Medley,  mixture,   jumble,   farrago,  hodge- 
podge, hotch-potch,  salmagundi,  gallimaufry. 

3.  (Mus.)   Miscellany,  mixed  collection. 
Olive,  a.    Olive-green,  brownish-green,  olivaceous, 

olivaster,  olive-colored,  brownish,  tawny. 

Olla-podrida,  «      [Sp.)     Mixture,  medley,  olio. 

Ombrometer,  ».  Rain-gauge,  pluviameter,  udom- 
eter. 

Omen,  «.  Prognostic,  presage,  augury,  foreboding, 
portent,  auspice,  sign. 

Omentum,  ff.    {A not.)    Caul,  epiploSn. 

Ominous, /z.  Portentous,  monitory,  premonitory, 
inauspicious,  unpropitious. 

Omission,  n.     Failure,  neglect,  default,  oversight. 

Omit,  V.  a.     I.   Leave  out,  drop. 

2.    Neglect,  miss,  let  slip,  let  go,  pass  by,  dis- 
regard, pretermit. 

Omnibus,  «.    Stage,  stagecoach. 

Omnipotence,  n.     I.   Almighty  power. 

2.  God,  the  Omnipotent. 

3.  Unlimited  power. 
Omnipotent,  a.     Almiehtv.  all-powerful. 
Omnipotent,  «.     [With  7"A*  prefixed.]    God,  the 

Almighty. 


Omnipresence,  n.     Ubiquity,  universal  presence. 

Omnipresent,  a.  Ubiquitous,  universally  present, 
ubiquitary. 

Onniscience,   «•     I.   Infinite  wisdom,  boundless 
knowledge,  omnisciency. 
2.   God,  the  Omnipotent. 

Omniscient,  a.  Infinitely  wise,  all-wise,  all- 
knowing,  all-seeing. 

Omnivorous,  a.     All-devouring,  pantophagous. 

Omoplate,  n.  Shoulder-blade,  shoulder-bone, 
scapula. 

On,  /r^/.     Upon. 

On,  ad.     I.    Forward,  onward. 

2.  Forward,  in  succession. 

3.  In  continuance,  without  interruption,  with- 
out ceasing. 

4.  Steady,  adhering. 

5.  Attached,  put  on,  upon  the  body. 

On  account  of.  By  reason  of,  by  virtue  of,  in 
consequence  of. 

On  all  fours.    I.  On  four  legs. 

2.    Evenly  balanced,  quite  parallel,  quite  sym- 
metrical. 

On  all  hands.     By  all  parties,  by  everybody. 

On  an  average.  Taking  a  mean  of  all  cases. 
taking  the  average. 

Onanism,  n.  Masturbation,  self-i>ollution,  self- 
abuse,  secret  vice. 

On  a  par.     On  a  level,  on  an  equality. 

On  a  sudden.     Suddenly. 

Once,  ad.     I.   One  time. 
2.    Formerly. 

Once  and  again.     Repeatedly,  at  repeated  times. 

Once  in  a  way.  Once  and  no  more,  on  rare 
occasions. 

On-COminST,  a.     Approaching,  nearing. 

On-dit»  «.  [Fr.]  Rumor,  report,  bruit,  flying 
report. 

One,  a.     I.   Single,  individual. 

2.  The  same,  common,  single  in  kind. 

3.  United,  undivided. 

4.  Some,  any. 
One,  n.     I.    Unit 

2.    Individual,  person,  human  being. 
One-beny,     n.       True-love,     herb-paris    (Paris 

quadrifolid). 
One  day.      Some    day,    sooner    or  later,  one  of 

these  days. 
On  end.    Erect,  upright. 
Oneness,  n.     Individuality,  unity,  singleness. 
One  of  these  days.     Some  day,  one  day,  sooner 

or  later. 
Onerous,    a.       Burdensome,     oppressive,     heavy, 

weighty,  hard,  difficult. 
One-mded,  a.     Partial,  unjust,  unfair,  prejudiced. 
On  exhibition.     Displayed,  exhibited,  on  view. 
On  fire.     Burning,  aflame. 
On  hand.     In  possession,  in  store. 
On  high.    Aloft 

On  horseback.     On  a  horse's  back,  riding. 

On-looker,  n.  Spectator,  beholder,  observer,  by- 
stander, looker-on. 

Only,  a.     Sole,  solitary,  alone,  single. 

Only,  ad.  I.  Merely,  barely,  simply,  and  nothing 
else. 

2.  Solely,  no  other  than. 

3.  Singly,  without  more. 
Only,  conj.     But,  excepting  that. 

On  sale.     For  sale,  to  be  sold,  oflered  for  sale. 

Onset,  )  n.      Attack,  assault,   charge,   storm. 

Onslaught, )      storming,  first  brunt. 

On  stilts.     Pretentious,  pompous,  bombastic. 

On  tap.     Tapped,  broached,  abroach. 

On   the   alert.      Watching,    watchful,    attentive, 

vigilant,  on  the  lookout. 
On  the   anvil.     In   preparation,    in   progress,   in 

process. 


ON  THE  CONTRARY 


292 


OPPORTUNE 


On  the  contrary.     I.   In  opposition,  on  the  other 

side. 
2.   So  far  from  being  so,  it  is  just  the  reverse  ; 

it  is  quite  otherwise. 
On  the  docket.     In  hand,  under  consideration. 
On  the  lookout.      Watchful,    watching,    on    the 

alert. 
On  the  mend*    Convalescent,  recovering. 
On  the  passaee.    On  the  way,  en  route. 
On  the  qui  Vive.    On  the  alert. 
On  the  score  of.    On  account  of. 

On  the  sly.     Furtively,  slyly. 

On  the  spot.     Immediately,  instantly,  at  once. 

On  the  way.     On  the  passage,  en  route. 

On  the  whole.     All  things  considered,  in  view  of 

ail   the   circumstances,    taking    everything    into 

account,  upon  the  whole. 
On  the  wing.    I.   Flying,  in  flight. 

2.   Departing. 
On  tick.    {Collog.)    On  credit. 
OnnSf  n.    [L.]     Burden. 
On  view.    On  exhibition. 

Onw^ds  I  ^'    ^°''w^''<^»  **'*  advance,  on,  ahead. 
Onward,  a.     I.   Advancing. 

2.  P'orward,  advanced,  improved. 

3.  Conducting. 
OoUte,  «.     I.  Egg-stone. 

2.  Roestone. 

3.  Pisolite,  pea-grit,  pea-stone. 
Ooze>  n.     Mire,  slime,  mud. 

Ooze,   V.   n.      Percolate,  filter,   transude,    exude, 
strain,  drain,  leak. 

Ooze,  V.  a.     Drip,  drop,  shed,  distil. 

Oozy,  a.     Miry,  slimy,  muddy. 

Opacity,  «.     I.  Opaqueness,  want  of  transpar- 
ency. 
2.  Darkness,  obscurity. 

Opalescence,  ».     Iridescence,  lustre. 

C^alescent,    a.      Iridescent,    irisated,     polychro- 
matic,  nacreous. 

Opaque,  a.     Not  transparent. 

Opaqueness,  «.     Opacity,  want  of  transparency. 

Ope,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.     {Poetical.)    Open. 

(^n,  V.  a.     I.   Unclose,  lay  open,    make  open, 
render  free  of  access. 

2.  Spread,  expand. 

3.  Exhibit,  explain,  interpret. 

4.  Begin,  commence,  enter  upon,  initiate. 

5.  Show,  bring  to  knowledge. 

6.  Reveal,  disclose 

7.  Make  liberal,  liberalize. 

Open,  V.  n.     I.   Part,  be  unclosed,  be  parted,  be 
sundered,  be  severed. 
2*   Come  into  view,  begin  to  appear. 
3.   Begin,  commence. 
Open,  a.     I.   Unclosed,  uncovered. 

2.  Expanded,  extended,  unclosed,  spread. 

3.  Frank,  unreserved,  candid,  ingenuous,  un- 
disguised, undesigning,  artless,  undissembling, 
sincere,  guileless,  fair,  honest,  single-minded, 
above-board,  open-hearted,  hearty,  cordial. 

4.  Liberal,  generous,  munificent,  bountiful, 
open-handed,  free,  bounteous. 

5.  Exposed,  unprotected,  undefended. 

6.  Clear,  unobstructed. 

7.  Unenclosed,  accessible,  public,  unrestricted, 
free  to  all. 

8.  Unsettled,  not  adjusted. 

9.  Mild,  moderate. 

10.  Plain,  evident,  apparent,  laid  bare,  ob- 
vious. 

11.  Fully  prepared,  attentive. 

12.  Undetermined,  to  be  debated,  debatable. 
Open-eyed,  a.     Watchful,  vigilant,  alert. 
Open-handed,  a.     Generous,    liberal,  munificent, 

bountiful,  open. 


Open-hearted,  a.  Candid,  frank,  artless,  guile- 
less, open,  sincere,  ingenuous,  honest,  gener- 
ous. 

Opening,  a.  First,  commencing,  introductory, 
initiatory. 

Opening,  «.  I.  Aperture,  hole,  orifice,  perfora- 
tion, breach,  chasm,  cleft,  gap,  fissure,  rent,  rift, 
flaw. 

2.  Beginning,  commencement,  dawn,  first  ap- 
pearance. 

3.  Opportunity,  chance,  vacancy. 
Openly,  ad.     I.   Publicly. 

2.    Candidly,  frankly,  plainly. 
Open-mouthed,  a.    i.  Gaping. 

2.  Greedy,  ravenous. 

3.  Clamorous,  vociferous. 
Openness,  «.     I.   Clearness. 

2.  Unreservedness,  plainness. 

3.  Frankness,    candor,     honesty,    ingenuous- 
ness- 

4.  Mildness,  pleasantness,  fair  weather. 
Opera-glass,  «.     Lorgnette. 

Operate,  v.  n.  [Followed  by  on  or  upon."]  Act, 
work,  have  effect,  have  influence. 

Operate,  v.   a.    I.  Produce,  effect,  cause,  occa- 
sion. 
2.  Work. 

Operation,  «.     I.  Action,  agency. 

2.  Influence,  effect,  action,  force. 

3.  Performance,  procedure,  process,  proceed- 
ing, manipulation. 

4.  Movement,  motion,  manoeuvre. 
Operative,  a.      I.  Acting,  active,  in  action,  in 

operation. 

2.  Effective,    efficient,    effectual,    efficacious, 
serviceable,  vigorous. 

3.  Practical. 

Operative,  «.      Laborer,  artisan,  laboring  man, 

workman. 
Operator,  «.     I.  Doer,  actor,  performer,   agent, 
executor. 
2.   Manipulator. 
Operose,  a.     I.   Laborious,  toilsome,   hard,  oner- 
ous, burdensome,  difficult- 
2.   Wearisome,  tedious,  irksome. 
Ophite,  n.     {Mm.)    I.   Serpentine,  ophiolite. 

2.  Verd-antique  marble. 

3.  Green  porphyry,  oriental  verd-antique. 
Ophiuchus,-».     Serpent-bearer  {Ser/entartus). 
Ophthalmia,  n.    [L.]    See  Ophthalmv. 
Ophthalmy,  «.     {Med.)    Ophthalmia,  inflamma- 
tion of  the  eye. 

Opiate,  ».    Anodyne,  narcotic,  sedative. 

Opiate,  a.  Soporiferous,  somniferous,  narcotic, 
anodynous,   sedative. 

Opine,  V.  n.  Think,  judge,  believe,  suppose,  con- 
ceive, apprehend,  fancy,  presume,  take  it,  be  of 
opinion,  have  an  opinion,  ween. 

Opinion,  n.  I.  Judgment,  notion,  view,  idea, 
conception,  impression,  sentiment. 

2.  Estimate. 

3.  Belief,  persuasion. 

4.  Estimation,  favorable  judgment,  esteem. 
Opinionated,  a.     Conceited,  dogmatical,   opinion- 

ative,  stiff  or  stubborn  in  opinion,  opinioned. 

Opinionative,  a.     See  Opinionated. 

Opponent,  «.  Antagonist,  adversary,  rival,  com- 
petitor, enemy,  foe,  adverse  party,  opposer, 
opposite. 

Opponent,  a.  I.  Opposing,  antagonistic,  adverse, 
repugnant,  contrary. 

2.  Opposite. 

3.  Opposing,  rival,  emulous. 

Opportune,  a.  Seasonable,  convenient,  timely, 
fit,  suitable,  favorable,  propitious,  auspicious, 
fortunate,  lucky,  well-timed,  felicitous,  appro- 
priate. 


OPPORTUNELY 


293 


ORDINARY 


0]>portimel7,  ad.  Seasonably,  in  the  nick  of 
time,  all  in  good  time,  in  the  fulness  of  time, 
apropos. 

Opportunity*  «.  Chance ;  fit,  suitable,  or  favor- 
able lime  ;  good  chance,  fitting  occasion,  nick  of 
time,  occasion,  time. 

Oppose,  V.  a.  I.  Resist,  withstand,  confront, 
contravene,  thwart,  oppugn,  combat,  strive 
against,  set  one's  face  against,  make  a  stand 
against. 

2.  Check,  withstand,  prevent,  obstruct. 

3.  Set  against,  put  in  opposiiion. 

4.  Contradict,  gainsay,  deny. 
Opposed*  a.     I.   Opposite,  opponent 

2.   Antagonistic,  hostile,  adverse,  opposite. 
Opposing;,   a.      Conflicting,  counteracting,  antag- 
onistic, adverse,  opposite,  hostile,  inimical. 
Opposite*  o-     I.    Facing,  over  against,  fronting. 

2.  Contrary,  diverse,  unlike,  incompatible,  in- 
consistent, irreconcilable. 

3.  Adverse,  opposed,  opposing,   antagonistic, 
hostile,  inimical,  repugnant. 

Opposition*  n.  I.  Contrariety,  repugnance,  di- 
versity, inconsistency. 

2.  Counteraction,  hostility,  resistance. 

3.  Obstacle,  obstruction. 

Oppress*  V.  a.  I.  Load,  burden,  weigh  heavily 
upon,  bear  hard  upon. 

2.  Overburden,  crush,  overwhelm,  overpower, 
subdue. 

3.  Persecute,  wrong,  maltreat,  treat  cruelly, 
tyrannize  over. 

Oppression*  n.  I.  Hardship,  misery,  suffering, 
calamity. 

2.  Tyranny,  severity,  cruelty,  injustice,   perse- 
cution. 

3.  Depression,  lassitude,  heaviness,  dulness. 
Oppressive*  a.     I.    Burdensome,  severe. 

2.  Heavy,  overwhelming,  overpowering. 

3.  Tyrannical,  cruel,  severe,  hard,  rigorous, 
inhuman,  grinding,  galling. 

4.  Close,  uncomfortable. 
Oppressor*  n.    Tyrant. 

Opprobrious*  a.  I.  Reproachful,  scurrilous, 
abusive,  vituperative,  insolent,  condemnatory, 
damnatory,  scandalous,  contemptuous,  ofifensive, 
insulting. 

2.  Infamous,  despised,  shameful,  dishonorable, 
disgraceful,  disreputable,  hateful. 

Opprobrium*  n.  I.  Scurrility,  abusive  language, 
contemptuous  reproaches,  contumely. 

2.   Reproach,  disgrace,  infamy,  ignominy,   ob- 
loquy, odium. 

Oppugn*  V.  a.  Assail,  attack,  combat,  resist, 
oppose,  thwart,  contravene,  withstand,  strive 
against. 

Optic*  n.     Eve. 

Option,  «.     Choice,  election,  preference,  selection. 

Optional*  a.     Discretional,  elective. 

Opulence*  «.  Wealth,  affluence,  rich-s,  fortune, 
independence,  easy  circumstances,  ample  means, 
opulency. 

Opulent  a.  Wealthy,  rich,  affluent,  flush,  mon- 
eyed, well  off. 

Oracle*  «.     I.    Divine  communication. 

2.  {.JrwUh    History.)     Sanctuary,    Holy    of 
Holies. 

3.  {.Greek   History^     Deity    or  god    {from 
whom  divine  communications  come). 

4.  Sage,  prophet,  Solomon,  Nestor,  wise  man, 
master-mind,  shining  light. 

Oracular*  a.     I.    Prophetic,  portentous,  ominous. 

2.  Authoritative,  magisterial,  positive,  dogmat- 
ical. 

3.  Sage,  wise,  grave,  venerable. 


4.  Obscure,  ambiguous,  dark,  blind,  equivocal. 
Oral*    a.      Spoken,    verbal,   nuncupative,   parole, 

vocal. 
Orally*  ad.     By  word  of  mouth,  in  words,  vocally, 

verbally,  viva  voce. 
Oration*  n.   Discourse,  address,  speech,  harangue, 

declamation. 
Orator,  «.      Public  speaker,  eloquent  speaker. 
Oratorical*  a.     Klietoncal,  eloquent. 
Oratory,  w.     I.    Eloquence,  art  of  speaking  well 

{in  public),  rhetoric,  elocution. 
2.   Eloquence,  eloquent  language,  exercise  of 

eloquence. 
Orb,  n.     I.   Globe,  sphere,  ball. 

2.  Circle,  orbit,  circuit,  ring. 

3.  Wheel,  disk,  circle. 

4.  Revolution,  period. 

Orbicular*  a.    I.   Spherical,  globular,  globated, 
globous,  globose,  round,  orbed,  orbic. 
2.   Circular,  orbed,  round. 
Orbit,   «.     I.   Orb,  circular  path  {of  a  celestial 
body). 
2.   {Ariat.)    Cavity  of  the  eye. 
Orchestra*  n.     I.   Place  for  musicians  {as  in  a 
tJieatre). 

2.   Band  of  instrumental  musicians  {in  an  or- 
chestra). 
Orchotomy*  ».    {Med.)    Emasculation,  castration. 
Ordain*  v.  a.     I.   Appoint,  call,  elect,  consecrate, 
destine,  set  apart. 

2.  Establish,  institute,  regulate. 

3.  Decree,  enact,  order,  prescribe,  enjoin. 

4.  Appoint^  constitute. 

Ordeal,  «.  Tnal,  test,  touchstone,  proof,  assay, 
experiment,  scrutiny,  probation. 

Order,  «.  I.  Method,  regularity,  symmetry,  reg- 
ular arrangement,  disposition. 

2.  Fit  condition,  proper  state. 

3.  Regulation,  rule,  canon,  prescription,  law, 
standing  rule. 

4.  Regular   government,    public    tranquillity, 
peace,  quiet,  discipline. 

5.  Mandate,    precept,    injunction,    command, 
direction,  instruction. 

6.  Rank,  class,  grade,  degree,  kind. 

7.  {Bot. )     Family,  tribe. 

8*   (Zo'dl)    Sub-class,  subordinate  class. 
9.   Fraternity,  society,  brotherhood,  commo« 
nity,  class. 

10.  Commission,  direction. 

11.  Succession,  sequence. 

Order,  v.  a.  I.  Regulate,  arrange,  systematize, 
adjust,  methodize. 

2.  Manage,  conduct,  carry  on. 

3.  Command,    instruct,    direct,   bid,  require, 
give  an  order  to. 

4.  Ordain. 

Orderly,  a.     I.  Regular,  methodical,  systematic. 

2.  Peaceable,  quiet,  well-behaved. 

3.  Well-regulated. 

Orders*  n.pl.  Holy  orders,  office  of  the  Christian 
ministry,  the  sacred  profession,  ecclesiastical 
office. 

Ordinance,  n.     I.   Decree,  edict,  law,  enactment, 
statute,    rule,    regulation,    command,    prescript, 
order,  appointment. 
2.    Rite,  ceremony,  observance,  sacrament. 

Ordinarily*  ad.     I.   Commonly,  usually,  gene- 
rally. 
2.   Customarily,  habitually. 

Ordinary*  a.  I.  Customary,  settled,  established, 
wonted,  every-day,  regular,  normal,  accustomed. 

2.  Common,  usual,  fi-equent,  habitual. 

3.  Common,  usual. 

4.  Mean,  inferior,  commonplace,  indifferent, 
mediocre. 

5.  Plain,  homely,  commonplace. 


ORDINARV^ 


294 


OUT 


Ordinary,  «.     I.   Eating-house  {where  a  tneal  is 
offered  at  a  settled  price). 
2.   Public  table,  taite  d'hbte. 

Ordination,  n.     I.   Cunsecration,  iuduction,  insti- 
tution. 
2.  Tendency,  foreordination. 

Ordnance,  «.     Cannon,  great  guns,  artillery. 

Ordure,  «.    Dung,  excrement,  fasces. 

Oread,  «.     Mountain  nymph. 

Organ,  n.     I.    Instrument,  means. 

2.  Medium,  instrument,  means  of  communica- 
tion. 

3.  Voice,  vocal  organs. 

Organic,     I  a.     I.   Radical,  fundamental,  consti- 
Organical, )      tutional,  vital. 

2.  Organized,  systematized. 

3.  Instrumental. 
Organism,  n.     I.   Organic  structure. 

2.   Organization,    organized  being,   organized 
existence. 
Organization,  «.     I.   Construction,  constitution, 
organizing,  forming,  making. 

2.   Organism,  organized  being,  organized  exist- 
ence, organic  structure. 
Organize,  v.  a.     I.    Constitute  ipy  assignment  of 
parts),  dispose  or  arrange  in  parts  {/or  special 
/unctiofis),  construct,  form,  make,  shape,  frame, 
adjust. 
2.  Arrange,  establish,  systematize. 
Orgies,    «.   //.     Revels,    bacchanals,    saturnalia, 
carousal,  revelry,  wassail,  debauch,  drunken  bout. 
Orient,  a.     I,   Rising. 

2.  Eastern,  oriental. 

3.  Bright,  shining,  glittering,  sparkling,  bril- 
liant. 

4.  Perfect,  precious,  faultless. 
Orient,  «    I.  East. 

2.    Morning  land,  Asia,  East, 
Oriental,  a.     I.    Eastern,  orient. 
2.   Precious,  valuable,  perfect. 
Orifice,  «.      Hole,    aperture,    perforation,    pore, 

vent,  mouth. 
Origin,  «.     I.   Source,  rise,  spring,  fountain,  foun- 
tain-head, beginning,  commencement,  derivation, 
root,  foundation,  birth,  cradle,  original,  starting- 
point. 

2.  Cause,  occasion,  derivation,   root,  founda- 
tion, fountain,  spring. 
Original,  a.  ^  I.    Primitive,  aboriginal,   primeval, 
primary,  primordial,  pristine,  first. 

2.  Untranslated. 

3.  Inventive,  creative. 

Original,  n.  I.  Source,  spring,  origin,  cause, 
commencement. 

2.  Archetype,  model,  pattern,  tj'pe,  prototype, 
protoplast,  exemplar,  first  copy. 

3.  {Colloq.)    Oddity,  eccentric  person. 
Originate,  v.  a.     Create,  bring  into  existence,  be 

the  author  of,  be  the  cause  of,  give  rise  to,  cause 
to  be. 

Originate,  v.  n.  Arise,  rise,  begin,  spring,  pro- 
ceed, emanate,  flow,  take  its  rise. 

Originator,  «.  Inventor,  author,  maker,  creator, 
father,  former,  first  cause. 

Orison,  «.  {Poetical.)  Prayer,  supplication,  peti- 
tion, solicitation. 

Ormoltl,  n.     Mosaic  gold. 

Ornament,  n.  Embellishment,  decoration,  adorn- 
ment, ornamentation. 

Ornament,  v.  a.  Decorate,  adorn,  embellish, 
beautify,  garnish,  bedeck,  grace,  emblazon,  deck. 

Ornamental,  a.  Embellishing,  serving  for  orna- 
ment. 

Ornate,  a.  Ornamented,  embellished,  decorated, 
bedecked,  adorned,  rich-wrought,  highly 
wrought,    florid. 

Omitliorynclius,  «.  {ZoU.)    Duck-bUl,  tambreet. 


Orotund,  a.  Roiind,  rich,  full,  sonorous,  mellow, 
musical,  clear,  ringing. 

Orreiy,  «.     Planetarium. 

Orsedew,  )  «.     Mannheim    gold,      Dutch      gold, 

Orsedue,  j"  Dutch  foil,  Dutch  leaf,  Dutch  metal, 
Dutch  mineral. 

Orthoclase,  «.  Potash-felspar,  orthose,  prismatic 
felspar,  felspar. 

Orthodox,  a.  Sound  {in  religious  opinions),  of 
the  true  faith. 

Orthodoxy,  «.     True  faith,  soundness  of  doctrine. 

Orthoganal,  a.  Rectangular,  right-angled,  per- 
pendicular. 

Orthograpliy,  n.    Spelling. 

Ortive,  a.     Rising,  eastern. 

OrtS,  n.  pi.  Fragments,  scraps,  refuse,  odds  and 
ends. 

Oscillate,  v.  n.     I.   Swing,  vibrate,  sway,  move  to 
and  fro,  move  backward  and  forward. 
2.   Vary,  fluctuate. 

Oscillation,  n.     Vibration,  swinging. 

Oscillatory,  a.  Vibratory,  swinging,  oscillating, 
vibrating,  oscillative. 

Oscitancy,  n.     I.    Gaping,  yawning,  oscitation. 
2.   Sleepiness,  drowsiness,  dulness. 

Oscitate,  v.  n.     Gape,  yawn. 

Osculant,  a.     I.   Kissing,  osculatory,  osculating. 
2.   {Ent.)  Embracing,  adhering. 

Osculate,  v.  a.     I.    Kiss. 
2.   {Geom.)  Touch. 

Osier,  n.     I.   Willow,  water-willow. 
2.   Wicker,  withe,  willow  twig. 

Osseous,  a.     Bony. 

Ossuary,  n.     Charnel-house. 

Ostensible,  a.  I,  Shown,  declared,  avowed,  as- 
signed, manifest,  apparent,  exhibited,  presented, 
visible. 

2.   Specious,  plausible,  colorable,  pretended, 
professed. 

Ostentation,  «.     I.   Display,  show,  parade,  pomp, 
flourish,     dash,     pomposity,    pompousness,    pa- 
geantry,  high   pretension,  vaunting. 
2.    Semblance,  appearance,  show. 

Ostentatious,  a.     I.   Boastful,  vain,  showy,  dash- 
ing,   flaunting,   pompous,  vain-glorious,  fond  of 
display,  pretentious. 
2.   Showy,  gaudy. 

Ostentatiously,  ad.  Showily,  pompously,  boast- 
fully, with  a  flourish  of  trumpets,  with  beat  of 
drum. 

Ostier,  «.    See  Hostler. 

Ostracism,  n.  Banishment,  expulsion,  exclusion, 
excommunication,  separation. 

Ostracize,  v.  a.     Banish,  exile,  put  under  the  ban. 

otS&?}«-  (^^^J  ^^^■^^^^- 

Otherwise,  ad.    I.   Differently,  not  so. 

2.  Other  causes. 

3.  In  other  respects. 
Otherwise,  conj.     Else,  but  for  this. 
Otiose,  a.     Idle,  unemployed,  indolent. 
Ottoman,  «.    Turk. 

Ottoman,  a.     Turkish. 

Oust,  V.  a.     Eject,  expel,  dislodge,  turn  out,  dis- 
possess, evict. 
Out,  ad.     I.   On  the  outside,  without. 

2.  Abroad,  not  at  home,  gone  out. 

3.  Revealed,  public,  disclosed. 

4.  Finished,  exhausted,  used  up. 

5.  Lacking,  wanting,  deficient  m. 

6.  Extinguished. 

7.  To  the  end,  through. 

8.  Thoroughly,  completely,  fully. 

9.  Loudly,  aloud,  outright,  audibly. 

10.  At  a  loss,  in  a  puzzle,  confused. 

11.  Away,  off. 

12.  Uncovered. 


OUT  AND  OUT 


295 


OUTWEIGH 


Oat  and  out.  !.•  {Colloq.)  Completely,  thor- 
oughly, utterly,   wholly. 

2.  (Colloq)  Complete,  thorough,  consum- 
mate, unqualified,  thorough-paced,  extreme,  ab- 
solute, perfect. 

Outbalance,  v.  a.  Overweigh,  overbalance,  over- 
poise, outweigh, 

Ontbreak,  n.  I.  Eruption,  explosion,  outburst, 
ebullition. 

2.  Riot,  row,  fray,  afiTray,  broil,  conflict,  breach 
of  the  peace,  commotion. 

3.  Manifestation. 
Otltborst,  n.     Eruption,  outbreak. 
Outcast,  «.     I.    Exile. 

2.    Reprobate,    castaway,   vagabond,    Pariah, 
abandoned  wretch. 
Outcome,  «.     Issue,  result,  consequence. 
Outcrop,  n.   (Geol.)    I.    Basseting,  cropping  out. 

2.   Basset,  basset-edge,  crop. 
Outcry,  «.     I.   Cry,  scream,  screech,  yell. 

2.  Clamor,  vociferation,  noise,  hue  and  cry, 
tumult. 

3.  Auction,  public  sale. 

Outdo,  V.  a.  Excel,  surpass,  exceed,  beat,  out- 
strip, outvie,  outgo,  go  beyond,  be  superior  to. 

Outdoor,  a.  Exterior,  open-air,  out-of-door,  ex- 
traforaneous. 

Outdoors,  ad.  Abroad,  out-of-doors,  in  the  open 
air,  out  of  the  house. 

Outer,  a.     Exterior,  external. 

Outface,  V.  a.  Brave,  look  out  of  countenance, 
stare  down. 

Outfit,  «.     Equipment. 

Outflow,  «.     Efflux,  effusion,  flow,  outpouring. 

Outgo,  V.  a.     I.   Outstrip,  go  beyond. 

2.  Surpass,  excel,  exceed,  outdo,  outvie,  beat, 
be  superior  to. 

3.  Circumvent,  overreach 

Outgo,  n.     Expenditure,  outlay,  outgoing. 

Outgrowth,  n.     Offshoot,  result 

Out-Herod  Herod.     Be  very  extravagant,   overdo 

the  matter,  surpass. 
Outing,  n.     Excursion,  airing. 
Outlandish,  a.     I.   Foreign,  strange,  exotic,  alien, 

from  abroad. 
2.   Barbarous,  strange,  uncouth,  queer,  bizarre. 
Outlaw,  n.     Robber,  bandit,  brigand,  freebooter, 

highwayman,  marauder. 
Outlaw,  V.  a.     Proscribe. 
Outlay,  «.     Expenditure,  outgo. 
Outlet,  n.     Exit,  egress,  vent. 
Outline,  n.     I.    Contour. 

2.  Outline  drawing. 

3.  Sketch,  plan,  draf^  delineation,  drawing, 
rough  draft. 

Outlive,  V  a.    Survive,  live  longer  than. 
Outlook,  «.     I.   Watch. 

2.  Prospect,  view,  sight 

3.  Foresight. 

4.  Watch-tower,  lookout. 
Outlying,  a.     I.    Remote,  distant. 

2.    Exterior,  frontier,  bounding. 
Outmost,  a.     Remotest,  farthest,  outermost. 
Out  of.     I.    From. 

2.  By  means  of,  in  consequence  of,  induced 
by. 

3.  Not  in. 

4.  Abroad,  not  within. 

5.  Beyond. 

Out  of  character.  Inappropriate,  improper,  un- 
suitable, out  of  keeping,  out  of  place,  in  bad 
taste. 

Out  of  conceit  with.  Tired  of,  no  longer  fond  of, 
no  longer  pleased  with. 

Out  of  date.  Antiquated,  antique,  archaic,  obso- 
lete, old-fashioned,  out  of  fashion,  gone  by,  fallen 
into  desuetude. 


Out-of-doors,    ad      Abroad,    outdoors,    in    the 
open  air,  out  of  the  house. 

Out  of  fashion.    See  Out  of  date. 

Out  of  hand.     Immediately,  forthwith,  at  once. 

Out  of  humor.     Irritated,  ruffled,  vexed,  angry, 
sullen,  peevish,  out  of  temper,  out  of  tune. 

Out  of  joint.     I.    Dislocated. 

2.   Disordered,  displaced,  going  wron^. 

Out  of    season.     Inopportunely,  at  an   miproper 
time. 

Out  of  sorts.    I«  111,  unwell,  ailing,  sick,  indis- 
posed, laid  up. 

2.  {Printing.)    Without    an    assortment    of 
types. 

Out  of  temper.    See  Out  of  humor. 

Out  of  the  frying-pan  into  the  fire.    From  bad 
to  worse. 

Out-of-the-way,  a.      I.   Remote,  secluded,  un- 
frequented. 
2.  Uncommon,  unusual,  singular,  strange,  rare. 

Out  of  tune.     I.   Harsh,  discordant,  inharmonious, 
not  in  tune. 
2.    Irritated,  ruffled,  out  of  humor. 

oStSf^ding.}  Plane,  even,  level,  flat. 
Outpouring,  «.  Effusion,  efflux,  outflow. 
Outrage,   n.      Insult,    affront,    indignity,    abuse, 

offence. 
Outrage,   v.  a.     Insult,  abuse,    maltreat,  offend, 

sho«,  injure. 
Outrageous,  a.      I.    Furious,   violent,   turbulent, 

abusive,   raging,  wild,    mad,    frantic,    infuriate, 

frenzied. 

2.  Atrocious,    heinous,    villanous,   enormous, 
monstrous,  nefarious. 

3.  Excessive,  exorbitant,   enormous,  extrava- 
gant, unwarrantable. 

Outre,  a.   [Fr.]     Extravagant,   excessive,   exorbi- 
tant, immoderate,  inordmate,  overstrained. 

Outright,  ad.     I.    Immediately,  instantly,  at  once, 
without  delay. 

2.  Completely,  utteriy,  entirely,  wholly,  alto- 
gether. 

Outrival,  V.  a.     Surpass,  excel. 

Outrun,  V.  a.     Exceed,  surpass,  outstrip,  outgo, 
beat,  go  beyond. 

Outset;  n.     Beginning,    commencement,  opening, 
startmg-point,  start,  entrance. 

Outshine,    v.   a.      Eclipse,   surpass,   overshadow, 
throw  into  shadow. 

Outside,  n.     I.   Exterior,  surface,  superficies,  ex- 
ternal part,  externality. 
2.   Utmost,  farthest  limit. 

Outside,  a.     Exterior,  external,  outward,  outer,  on 
the  surface,  superficial. 

Outskirt,  H.     Suburb,  border,  precinct,  purlieu, 
outpost. 

Outspoken,  a.     Plain,  frank,  candid,  unreserved. 

Outspread,  a      Extended,  expanded,  outstretched, 
unfolded. 

Outstanding,  a.    Unsettled,  unpaid,  owing,  due, 
uncollected,  ungathered. 

Outstep,  V.  a.     Exceed,  overstep,  transgress. 

Outstretch,  v.  a.     Extend,  expand,  outspread. 

Outstrip,   V.   a.      I.   Outgo,  outrun,   go  beyond, 
outspeed,  distance. 
2.   Excel,  surpass,  exceed,  outvie,  outdo,  beat. 

Outvie,  V.  a.    Excel,  exceed,  surpass,  outdo,  out- 
strip. 

Outward,  o.     I.  External,  exterior,  outer,  outside. 

2.  External,  visible,  showing,  appearing,   ap- 
parent, superficial. 

3.  Adventitious,  extrinsic,  extraneous. 

4.  Civil,  public. 

5.  Carnal,  fleshly,  corporeal. 

Outweigh,  V.  a.    Overbalance,    overpoise,  ore^^ 
weigh. 


OUTWIT 


296 


OVERSEE 


Outwit^  V.  a.  I.  Outgeneral,  out-manceuvre, 
baffle,   steal  a  march  upon. 

2.  Overreach,  cheat,  dupe,  deceive,  circum- 
vent, swindle,  defraud,  victimize,  cozen,  gull, 
diddle,  take  in,  impose  upon. 

Oval,  a.     Elliptical. 

Ovate,  a.     Egg-shaped. 

Ovation,  «.    I'riumph. 

0\er,  pre/.     I.   Above. 

2.  Across,  athwart,  from  cue  side  of  to  the 
other. 

3.  Throughout,  through,  through  the  whole 
extent  of. 

4.  More  than,  upward  of. 

5.  Covering,  immersing. 
Over,  ad.     I.   Above  the  top. 

2.  Across,  athwart,  transversely,  from  one  side 
to  the  other. 

3.  From  one  to  another,  from  hand  to  hand. 

4.  Besides,  to  boot,  in  addition,  into  the  bar- 
gain, in  excess. 

5.  Throughout,  completely,  from  beginning  to 
end. 

6.  Past,  by. 

7.  Excessively,  extremely,  very,  too. 
Over,  a.     I.   Covering,  outer,  upper. 

2.   Superior. 

Over-abundant,  a.  Exuberant,  plenteous,  copi- 
ous, full,  rank,  plentiful,  ample,  replete,  liberal, 
lavish. 

Over  again.    Once  more. 

Over  against.     Opposite,  in  front. 

Over  and  above.    Besides. 

Over  and  over.     Repeatedly,  once  and  again. 
verawe,  v.  a.      Awe,  int" 
affright,  daunt,  browbeat. 


Overawe,  v.  a.      Awe,  intimidate,  cow,  frighten. 


aga 
,  fr: 


Overbalance,    v.   a.      I.     Outweigh,    overweigh, 

surpass,  preponderate  in. 
2.   Overpoise,  lose  balance. 
Overbear,  2/.  a.     Overpower,  overwhelm,  subdue, 

overthrow,  prostrate,  repress,  subdue. 
Overbearing,  a.      I.    Overpowering,   oppressive, 

repressing. 

2.   Imperious,  domineering,  dictatorial,  super- 
cilious, lordly,  haughty,  arrogant,  dogmatical. 
Over-bold,  a.     Forward,  impudent,  pert,  officious, 

presuming. 
Overcast,   v.   a.       I.    Cloud,    darken,    obscure, 

eclipse. 
2.  Cover,  overspread. 
Overcharge,  z/.  a     I.  Burden,  oppress,  surcharge, 

overload,  overburden. 

2.  Crowd,  overfill. 

3.  Exaggerate,  overstate,  overstrain,  overlay 
with  ornament. 

Overcoat,  ».    Greatcoat,  topcoat. 

Overcome,  v.  a.  I.  Subdue,  conquer,  vanquish, 
subjugate,  overthrow,  overwhelm,  overturn,  over- 
bear, overpower,  overmaster,  defeat,  crush,  beat, 
rout,  discomfit,  choke,  get  the  better  of,  get  the 
upper  hand  of,  prostrate. 

2.  Surmount,  rise  above. 

3.  Rule,  domineer  over. 

Overcome,  v.  n.  Prevail,  conquer,  gain  the  vic- 
tory. 

Over-confident,  a.  Rash,  venturesome,  pre- 
sumptuous, overweening,  headlong,  precipitate, 
incautious,  imprudent. 

Overdo,  V.  a.     I.    Do  to  excess. 

2.  Overact,  exaggerate. 

3.  Surpass,  exceed. 

4.  Fatigue,  harass,  oppress. 

5.  Cook  too  much. 

Overestimate,  v.  a.     Overvalue,  overprize,  over- 
rate, make  too  much  of. 
Overfill,  v.  a.     Surcharge. 
Overflow,  v.  a.    I.   Inundate,  flow  over. 


2.  Deluge,  flood,  overwhelm,  cover,  over- 
spread, overrun. 

Overflow,  v.  n.    Overrun,  run  over. 

Overflow,  «.     I.    Inundation. 

2.  Superabundance,  exuberance,  luxuriance, 
profusion,  excess,  surplus,  overflowing,  copious- 
ness, redundancy. 

Overflowing,  a.    Abundant,  copious,  exuberant 

Over-fond,  a.     Doting,  too  fond. 

Over-full,  a.  Surcharged,  overcharged,  over- 
loaded, surfeited,  plethoric. 

Overhaul,  v.  a.  I.  Overtake,  come  up  with,  gain 
upon. 

2.  Examine,  look  into. 

3.  Re-examine. 
Overhead,  ad.     Above,  aloft. 

Overjoyed,  a.     Transported,  enraptured,  in  rap- 
tures, in  ecstasies,  in  a  transport. 
Overlay,  v.  a.     I.   Cover,  spread  over. 

2.  Smother,  overlie,  oppress. 

3.  Overwhelm,  oppress  with  weight,  crush, 
overpower. 

4.  Cloud,  overcast,  hide,  obscure. 

5.  Span,  over-span,  cover. 
Over-liberal,  a.     Lavish,  profuse,  prodigal,  thrift- 
less, unthrifty,  extravagant,  wasteful,  too  free. 

Overload,  v.  a.     Surcharge,  overburden,  overlade. 
Overlook,  v.  a.      I.  View  from  above. 

2.  Rise  above,  look  down  upon,  overtop. 

3.  Inspect,  superintend,  supervise,  oversee, 
have  charge  of. 

4.  Review,  survey,  re-survey. 

5.  Disregard,  neglect,  miss,  slight,  pass  by,  be 
inattentive  to,  not  notice,  not  think  of. 

6.  Excuse,  forgive,  pardon,  pass  over,  forgive 
and  forget. 

Overmaster,  v.  a.    See  Overpower. 

Over-modest,  a.  Bashful,  shy,  timid,  timorous, 
coy,  diffident,  shamefaced,  sheepish. 

Overflight,  ad.     I.    Last  night,  yesterday  night. 
2.   During  the  night,  all  night. 

Overplus,  «.    Excess,  surplus,  surplusage,  residue. 

Overpoise,  v.  a.     Overbalance,  outweigh. 

Overpower,  v.  a.  I.  Subdue,  conquer,  over- 
whelm, overcome,  overturn,  overbear,  overmas- 
ter, defeat,  rout,  crush,  beat,  vanquish,  subjugate, 
discomfit,  get  the  better  of,  get  the  upper  hand 
of,  overmatch. 

2.  Overwhelm,  overcome,  overmaster,  get  the 
better  of,  affect  by  intensity. 

Overpowering,  a.  Irresistible,  overwhelming, 
subduing. 

Overprize,  \  v.  a.    Overestimate,  overvalue,  make 

Overrate,  J     too  much  of. 

Overreach,  v.  a.  Deceive,  cheat,  dupe,  outwit, 
circumvent,  defraud,  swindle,  cozen,  gull,  trick, 
victimize,  diddle,  take  in,  impose  upon. 

Override,  v.  a,     I.   Pass,  ride  beyond,  outride. 

2.  Outweigh,  surpass,  be  superior  to,  take  pre- 
cedence of,  supersede,  annul,  trample  down. 

3.  Ride  over. 

Over-righteous,  a.     Sanctimonious,  Pharisaical. 

Overrule,  v.  a.  I.  Control,  govern,  sway,  have 
control  of. 

2.  Annul,  cancel,  revoke,  rescind,  repeal,  nul- 
lify, recall,  reject,  repudiate,  supersede,  set  aside. 

Overruling,  a.  Controlling,  governing,  directing, 
prevailing,  predominant. 

Overrun,  v.  a.  I.  Run  over,  spread  over,  grow 
over. 

2.  Ravage,  devastate,  despoil,  lay  waste, 
harass,  subdue,  oppress. 

3.  Outrun. 

4.  Injure,  trample  down. 
Overrun,  v.  «.     Overflow,  run  over. 

Oversee,  v.  a.  Superintend,  supervise,  overlook, 
inspect,  have  charge  of,  have  the  direction  of. 


OVERSEER 


297 


PACT 


Overseer,  n.  Superintendent,  inspector,  super- 
visor, director,  oversman. 

Overset,  v.  a.     I.   Overturn,  upset,  capsize,  turn 
topsy-turvy. 
2.   Subvert,  overthrow,  destroy. 

Overshadow,  v.  a.     I.   Overshade.  overcloud. 
2.    Shelter,  protect,  cover,  hover  over. 

Overshoe,  «.     Galoche,  ^oloche,  goloe-shoe. 

Oversight,  «.  I.  Superintendence,  control,  direc- 
tion, management,  supervision,  inspection,  charge, 
care,  surveillance 

2.  Error,  blunder,  mistake,  slip,  trip,  lapse, 
miss,  inadvertency,  inattention,  neglect,  omis- 
sion, fault. 

Overspent,  a.  Wearied,  exhausted,  forespent, 
over-tired. 

Overspread,  v.  a.     Cover,  spread  over,  overstrew. 

Overstate,  v.  a.     Exaggerate,  overcharge,  overdo. 

Overstock,  v.  a.    Crowd,  overfill. 

Overt,   a.      I.     Open,  manifest,    public,    patent, 
notorious,  glaring,  apparent. 
2.   (Law.)    Open,  manifest. 

Overtake,  v.  a.    Catch,  come  up  with. 

Overthrow,  v.  a.  I.  Overturn,  upset,  overset, 
throw  down. 

2.  Demolish,  destroy,  level,  throw  down. 

3.  Vanquish,  conquer,  defeat,  worst,  over- 
come, master,  overpower,  overbear,  overwhelm, 
subjugate,  crush,  discomfit,  beat,  rout,  foil. 

4.  Subvert,  destroy,  ruin. 

Overthrow,  «•    I.  Fall. 

2.  Subversion,  prostration,  ruin. 

3.  Destruction,  demolition,  ruin,  shipwreck. 

4.  Defeat,  discomfiture,  rout,  dispersion. 
Overtop,  V.  a.     I.    Rise  above,  surpass  in  height. 

2.  Excel,  transcend,  surpass,  exceed. 

3.  Obscure,  make  less  important,  eclipse. 

4.  Transgress,  disregard,  go  beyond. 
Overture,  «.     I.   Proposal,  offer,  proposition. 

2.  {Mus.)  Orchestral  introduction  to  an  opera, 
oratorio,  etc. 

Overturn,  v.  a.     See  Overthrow. 

Overvalue,  v.  a.  Overrate,  overprize,  overesti- 
mate, make  too  much  of. 

Overweening,  a.      Conceited,   haughty,   proud, 


arrogant,  opinionated,  egotistical,  consequential, 
supercilious,  vain,  vain-glorious,  puffed  up. 

Overwhelm,  v.  a.  I.  Overflow,  spread  over 
and  cover,  swallow  up,  whelm,  submerge,  sink, 
drown. 

2.   Overbear,    overpower,    overcome,   subdue, 
vanquish,  conquer,  defeat. 

Over-wise,  a.     Conceited,  pragmatical. 

Overworn,  a.     I.   Exhausted,  worn  out. 

2.  Trite,  threadbare,  old,  stale,  musty,  hack- 
neyed. 

Overwrought,  a-    I.   Overdone,  elaborated  too 
much. 
2.   Over-excited,  excessively  stirred. 

Oviform,  a.     Egg-shaped,  ovoid,  ovoidal. 

Oviparous,  a.     Egg-bearing. 

Ovule,  n.     {Bot.)     Rudimentary  seed. 

Ovum,  «.     LL.  pi.  Ova.]    Egg. 

Owe,  V.  a.     I.    Be  indebted  to,  be  bound  to  pay. 

2.  Be  obliged  to  ascribe  to,  be  obliged  for, 
have  to  attribute  to. 

3.  Be  due,  be  owing. 
Owing,  a.     I.   Due. 

2.  Attributable,  ascribable,  traceable,  resulting 
from,  due,  consequential. 

3.  Imputable,  attributable. 

Own,  V.  a.  I.  Possess,  hold,  have,  be  in  posses- 
sion of,  have  a  title  to. 

2.  Acknowledge,  confess,  avow. 

3.  Admit,  allow,  concede,  confess,    acknowl- 
edge. 

4.  Recognize. 

Owner,  «.     Proprietor,  possessor,  holder. 

Ozalis,  «.     (Bat.)    Sorrel. 

Oxford-school,  a.     Puseyite,  Tractarian,  Tractite. 

Oxidate,  V.  a.     See  Oxidize. 

Oxidize,  V.  a.      Oxidate,  calcine,  convert  into  an 

oxide. 
Oxygenate,  v.  a.     Oxygenize,  unite  or  impregnate 

with  oxygen. 
Oxygenize,  v.  a.     Oxygenate. 
Oxygon,  n.     Acute-angled  triangle. 

OSIS&I-     Acute-angled. 
Oyster-plant,  n.    Salsify. 


Pabulum,  n.    I.   Food,  aliment 
2.  Fuel. 

Pace, ».    I.  Step. 

2.  Gait,  walk,  manner  of  walking. 

3.  Amble  {of  a  horse),  pacing. 

4.  Rate,  degree  of  progress. 

5.  Dais. 

Pace,  V.  ft.  I.  Walk  (wiiA  measured  steps),  step, 
move,  go. 

2.  Hasten,  hurry,  make  haste. 

3.  Go  at  a  pace,  go  at  an  ambling  cait. 
Pacha,   n.     [Written   also  Pasha,  Pashaw,   and 

Bashaw. \    Turkish  governor. 
Pachydermatous,  a.     Thick-skinned. 
Pacific,    a.       I.    Conciliatory,    appeasing,    mild, 

peace-making. 

2.  Peaceful,  peaceable,  tranquil,  gentle,  calm, 
smooth,  quiet,  unruffled. 

3.  Peaceful,  not  warlike. 

Pacification,  n.  Tranquillization,  reconciliation, 
reconcilement,  accommodation,  appeasement. 

Pacificator,  «.     Peacemaker. 

Pacify,  V.  a.  I.  Conciliate,  appease,  give  peace 
to,  restore  harmony  to,  tranquillize. 


2.  Tranquillize,  assuage,  calm,  still,  quiet,  lull, 
smooth,  compose,  moderate,  hush,  quell,  lay, 
allay,  soften,  soothe,  mollify,  appease. 

Pacing,  «.     Pace,  amble. 

Pack,  n.  I.  Bundle,  package,  budget,  parcel, 
packet,  bale. 

2.  Burden, load. 

3.  Collection,  assemblage,  assortment,  set. 

4.  Gang,  crew,  set,  knot,  band,  clan,  company, 
bevy,  lot,  squad. 

5.  Pack-ice. 

Pack,  V.  a.    Compress  (into  a  bundle),  put  together 

(in  close  order),  stow,  compact. 
Package,  «.     Bundle,  budget,  parcel,  pack,  bale. 
Packet,  n.     I.    Package  {small). 

2.    Vessel  {for  freight  and  passengers  between 

stated  ports). 
Packfong,  «.     [Written  also  Pakfong.]    German 

silver,  white  copper,  Chinese  alloy. 
Pack  off.      (Active.)      Despatch,  send  off,  send 

away. 
Pack  off.    (Neuter.)    Depart,  go,  start,  set  out, 

set  off,  be  off. 
Pact,  n.    Compact,  contract,   agreement,  league, 


PAD 


298 


PALMY 


bond,  alliance,   bargain,    covenant,    stipulation, 
convention,  concordant. 
Pad,  «.     I.    Horse  {for  the  saddle),  saddle-horse, 
easy-paced  horse,  padnag. 

2.  Cushion,  bolster. 

3.  Blotter. 

Paddy,  «.    1.  \Corr\i^i&d  horn  St.  Patrick.']   Pat, 

Milesian,  Hibernian,  Irishman,  son  of  Erin  {in 

joke  or  contempt'),  league. 
2.   Rice  {in  the  husk). 
Padishah,//.     I.    'S>\^z\\  {of  Persia). 

2.   Sultan  {of  Turkey),  Turkish  emperor. 
Paean,  «.     [Written  also  Pean.l    Triumphal  song, 

jubilation,  peanism. 
Pagan,    n.      [Anciently    written    Paien,    Payen, 

Painim,     Paynim,    and     Panyvt.]     Heathen, 

gentile,  idolater. 
Pagan,  a.     Heathenish,   heathen,  idolatrous,  pa- 

ganic,  paganical. 
Paganism,  n.     Heathenism. 
Page,  n.     Boy-servant  {attending  a  royal  or  noble 

personage  or  a  legislature!,  serving-boy. 
Pageant,  «.     Spectacle,  show,  display,  parade. 
Pageantiy,   «•       Show,    display,    parade,  pomp, 

state,  splendor,  magnificence,  flourish,   showing 

off. 
Pagoda,  «.     I.    East  Indian  temple. 

2.   East  Indian  idol,  idol. 
Pagodite,  «.     Agalmatolite,  figurestone,  lardite. 
Paillasse,  n.     [Fr.]     Straw  bed,  palliasse. 
Pain,  n.     I.    Penalty,  punishment. 

2.  Suffering,  distress,  discomfort,  ache,  pang, 
torment,  torture,  anguish,  agony,  throe,  twinge. 

3.  Uneasiness,  disquietude,  anxiety,  solicitude, 
care,  grief,  sorrow,  bitterness,  affliction,  woe, 
heartache,  chagrin,  vexation,  anguish,  dolor, 
trouble,  distress,  unhappiness,  misery,  wretched- 
ness. 

Pain,  V.  a.    I.  Torment,   torture,  rack,  agonize, 

distress,  hurt. 
2.   Disquiet,  trouble,   afflict,  grieve,  aggrieve, 

displease,    annoy,    plague,    bore,    harass,     vex, 

worry,  tease,  chafe,  fret,  incommode,  distress. 
Painful,  a.     I.    Tormenting,  torturing,  agonizing, 

racking,  distressing,  distressful,  excruciating. 

2.  Grievous,  afflicting,  afflictive,  distressing, 
disquieting,  troublesome,  displeasing,  provoking, 
annoying^,  vexatious,  unpleasant,  disagreeable. 

3.  Toilsome,  arduous,  difficult,  hard,  severe. 
Painfully,  ad.     I.  With  pain. 

2.  Laboriously,  with  toil,  industriously,  sedu- 
lously. 

Pains,  n.     [Often  used  in  the  singular  number  by 
the  best  writers.']     I.    Labor,  care,  trouble,  toil- 
some effort,  task. 
2.   Travail,  childbirth,  labor. 

Painstaking,  a-  Laborious,  sedulous,  diligent, 
industrious,  careful,  plodding,  assiduous,  strenu- 
ous, hard-working,  persevering,  sparing  no  pains. 

Painstaking,  «.  Labor,  industry,  assiduity,  dili- 
gence, perseverance,  careful  toil,  conscientious 
exertion 

Paint,  V.  a.     I.   Represent  {by  colors). 

2.  Color  {with  a  pigment),  coat  with  paint, 
smear. 

3.  Depict,  delineate,  describe,  sketch,  portray, 
pencil,  set  forth,  image,  picture,  draw. 

4.  Embellish,  deck,  adorn,  beautify,  ornament. 
Paint,  n.     Pigment,  coloring  matter. 
Painting:,  n.     I.   Coloring. 

2.    Picture  {in  colors). 
Pair,  n.     I.   Two  {of  the  same  kind  or  suited  to 
each  other). 

2.  Couple,  brace. 

3.  Span,  couple. 

4.  Yoke,  couple. 

Pair,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.    I.  Couple,  mate. 


2.   Suit,  fit. 

Pakfong,  n.     See  Packfong. 

Palace,  «.     Stately  mansion. 

Paladin,  «.     Knight-errant,  champion,  hero. 

Palatable,  a.  Savory,  agreeable,  enjoyable,  gust- 
able,  fiavorous,  tasteful,  pleasant,  delicious,  nice, 
luscious,  delicate. 

Palate,  «.     I.   Roof  of  the  mouth. 
2.  Taste,  relish. 

Palatial,  a.     Stately,  magnificent,  splendid. 

Palaver,  «.  I.  Twaddle,  chatter,  balderdash, 
rigmarole,  gibberish,  stuff,  trash,  fudge,  non- 
sense, platitude,  moonshine,  wish-wash,  flum- 
mery, jargon,  senseless  prate,  frothy  discourse, 
idle  talk. 
2.   Talk,  conversation,  conference,  colloquy. 

Pale,  a.      I,   White,  pallid,   wan,  ashy,  whitish, 
colorless. 
2.  Dim,  obscure. 

Pale,  «.     I.   Picket,  stake. 

2.  Enclosure,  circuit. 

3.  District,  region,  territory. 

4.  Confine,  limit,  boundary,  fence. 
Paleology,  «.     Archaeology. 
Palfrey,  «.     Saddle-horse,  riding-horse. 
Paling,  n.     I.    Fence  {made  of  pales). 

2.   Limit,  enclosure. 
Palingenesis,  «.     [Gr.]     Palingenesy,  regenera- 
tion, second  birth,  new  birth. 
Palinode,  «.     Poetical  recantation. 
Fall,  «.     I.    Cloak,  mantle,  outer  garment. 

2.  Pallium,  archbishop's  scarf. 

3.  [Written  also  Pawl  and  Paul.]  Detent, 
click. 

Pall,  V.  a.     I.   Make  vapid  or  insipid. 

2.  Satiate,  cloy,  surfeit,  sate,  glut,  gorge,  fill 
to  repletion. 

3.  Dispirit,  depress,  discourage,  dishearten, 
deject. 

4.  Weaken,  impair,  damage. 

5.  Cloak,  cover,  shroud,  invest. 

Pall,  V.  n.  Become  insipid,  grow  tasteless,  be- 
come vapid. 

Falladinm,  «.     Bulwark,  safeguard,  security. 

Palliasse,  «.     Straw-bed,  paillasse. 

Palliate,  v.  a.  I.  Extenuate,  excuse,  gloss,  apolo- 
gize for,  lessen,  cover,  cloak,  hide,  conceal. 

2.  Allay,  ease,  soothe,  mitigate,  moderate, 
assuage,  alleviate,  soften,  abate,  mollify,  lessen, 
diminish,  relieve,  dull,  blunt,  quiet,  still,  quell. 

Palliation,  n.     I.   Extenuation. 

2.    Mitigation,    alleviation,    relief,  abatement. 

Palliatiye,  «.     Lenitive. 

Pallid,  a.  Wan,  pale,  whitish,  ashy,  colorless, 
cadaverous. 

Falling,  a.      Nauseating,    loathsome,    sickening. 

Pallor,  «.    Paleness,  wanness,  pallidness,  pallidity. 

Palm,  n.  I.  Token  of  victory,  prize,  crown, 
laurel,  bays,  trophies. 

2.  Hand-breadth,  hand. 

3.  Palm-tree. 

Palm,  V.  a.  I.  Conceal  in  the  palm  {as  a  Jug- 
gler). 

2.  Impose  (by  fraud),  obtrude,  pass  off 

3.  Handle,   touch. 

Palmer,  «.     I.   Pilgrim  {returned  from  the  Holy 
Land),  crusader. 
2.   Cozener,  cheat,  trickster  {at  cards  or  dice). 

Palmetto,  n.     Cabbage-tree  {Areca  oleracea). 

Falmigrade,  a      Plantigrade. 

Palmiped,  a.    Web-footed. 

Palmistt7,  «.    Chiromancy. 

Palm-sugar,  «.     Jaggery,  jagghery. 

Palmy,  <z.     I.   Palm-producing,  palmiferous. 

2.  Prosperous,  fortunate,  flourishing,  victori- 
ous, glorious,  thriving,  happy,  joyous,  halcyon, 
golden,  Saturnian,  worthy  of  the  palm. 


PALPABLE 


299 


PARAMOUR 


Palpable,  a.  I.  Tangible,  tactile,  material,  cor- 
poreal. 

2.  Manifest,  obvious,  plain,  evident,  glaring, 
unmistakable,  gross,  easily  seen,  very  perceptible. 

Palpi,  «.//.     [L.]     {Ent.)     Feelers. 

Palpitate,  v.n.     I.    Pulsate,   throb,  flutter,    beat 
rapidly,  go  pit-a-pat. 
2.   Tremble,  quiver,  shiver. 

Palpitation,  «.  Throbbing,  fluttering,  beating, 
pulsation,  throb. 

Palsgrave,  n.   Count  palatine,  count  of  the  palace. 

Palsy,  «.     Paralysis. 

Palsy,  V.  a.     Paralyze,  benumb,  deaden. 

Palter,  v.  «.  Equivocate,  shuffle,  dodge,  haggle, 
shift,  quibble,  evade,  prevaricate,  trifle. 

Paltry,  a.  I.  Small,  little,  diminutive,  inconsid- 
erable, insignificant,  unimportant,  petty,  misera- 
ble, wretched,  slight,  slender,  feeble,  trifling, 
trivial,  of  no  consec^uence,  of  no  importance. 

2.  Base,  vile,  abject,  grovelling,  low,  mean, 
beggarly,  pitiful,  despicable,  contemptible,  worth- 
less, shabby,  shuffling,  shifty. 

Paludal,  a.    Marshy,  boggy,  fenny,  swampy. 

Pamper,  v.  a.  I.  Feed  to  excess,  feed  luxuri- 
antly. 

2.  Indulge  {unduly),  cocker,  gratify,  spoil, 
fondle. 

Pamphlet,  n.     Brochure. 

Panacea,  n.  Catholicon,  cure-all,  panpharmacon, 
universal  medicine,  universal  remedy. 

Pancake,  «.    Fritter. 

Pandemonium,  \„     xxm 

Pandaemonium,  J  "•    "^"• 

Pander, «.  [Formerly  written /'<i«</ar.]  Procurer, 
pimp,  male  bawd. 

Pander  to.     Subserve,  minister  to. 

Pandit,  «.     See  Pundit. 

Panegyric,  n.     I.   Eulogy,  eulogium,  encomium, 
tribute  of  praise. 
2.   Praise,  laudation,  commendation. 

Panegyric,      1  «.      Encomiastic,       encomiastical, 

Panegyrical,  )  eulogistic,  eulogistical,  commen- 
datory, laudatory. 

Panegyrize,  v.  a.    Praise  {highly),  extol,  eulogize. 

Panel,  «.     (Law.)    Array,  body  of  jurors. 

Pang,  «.  Pain  {sharp  and  sudden),  throe,  twinge, 
gripe,  distress. 

Pangolin,  «.     Manis,  scaly  ant-eater. 

Panic,  n-  Fright,  affright,  alarm,  terror,  con- 
sternation, sudden  fear. 

Panic,  a.  Extreme,  sudden,  imaginary,  causeless, 
violent  {applied  to  fright). 

Panic,  n.     Panic-grass,  panicum. 

Panicle,  «.     Compound  raceme. 

Panic-stricken,  a.  Dismayed,  terrified,  horrified, 
appalled,  frightened,  horror-struck. 

Panoply,  «.     Armor  (complete),  suit  of  armor. 

Panorama,  «.  Periscope,  bird's  eye  view,  com- 
plete view. 

Pansy,  «.  (Bot.)  Heart's-ease,  garden  violet 
(  Viola  tricolor). 

Pant,  V.  n.  I.  Puff,  gasp,  blow,  breathe  hard, 
lose  breath. 

2.  Throb,  heave,  palpitate. 

3.  Languish,  gasp. 

4.  Long,  yearn,  hunger,  thirst,  sigh,  desire. 
Pantaloons,  «.  pi.     Trousers. 
Pantomime,  «.     Dumb  show,  mute  action. 
PantophagOUS,  a.     Omnivorous,  all-devouring. 
Pap,  n.     I.    Nipple,  teat,  dug,  papilla. 

2.  Food  {made  soft  for  infants  and  weak- 
li'*gs)i  nutriment,  nourishment. 

3.  Vu\\>  {of fruit). 

Papa,  n.     Father  {so  used  by  children). 
Papacy,  «.     I.    Popedom. 

2.   Popes,  line  of  popes,  popes  collectively. 
Papal,  a.     Popish. 


Papaver, «.    Poppy. 

Papaverous,  a.     Poppy-like. 
Paper,  «.     I.   Document,  writing,  written  instru- 
ment. 

2.  Newspaper,  journal. 

3.  Dissertation,  essay,  article. 

4.  (Com.)    Notes,  bank-notes,  drafts,  bills  of 
exchange. 

5.  Wall-paper,  paper  hangings. 
Paper-currency,  «.     Paper-money,  bank-notes, 

bank-bills. 
Papilionaceous,  a.     Butterfly-shaped. 
Papillose,  a.    Verrucose,  warty. 
Papillote,  «.    Curl-paper. 
Papism,  H.     Popery. 
Papist,  n.     Roman  Catholic. 


Popish,  Roman  Catholic. 
Popery,  papism,  Roman  Catholic 


Papistic 
Papistical, . 
Papistry,  t 

religion. 

Pappy»  <»•     Soft,  tender,  succulent. 

Pap3rra8,  «.     Paper-reed  {Papyrus  aniiguorum). 

Par,  «.     Equality,  eouivalence. 

Parable,  «.  Fable  {in  which  what  is  stated  as 
fad  is  probable,  or  ivhich  is  founded  on  the  or- 
dinary incidents  of  daily  life),  apologue,  story, 
short  tale,  fictitious  narrative  (intended  to  illus- 
trate some  spiritual  truth). 

Parabolic,      l  a.    Figurative,  allegorical,  expressed 

Parabolical,  j      by  a  parable  or  smnlitude. 

Paraclete,  «.     I.   Advocate,  intercessor. 

2.    Comforter,    consoler,     intercessor.     Holy 
Spirit,  Spirit  of  Truth,  Holy  Ghost. 

Parade,  n.  I.  Ostentation,  display,  ceremony, 
show,  pompous  exhibition,  flauntmg,  pomp. 

2.  Pageant,  spectacle,    pompous    procession, 
show. 

3.  Military  display,  review,  array. 

4.  Drill-ground. 

5.  Public  walk,  promenade,  mall. 
Parade,  v.  a.     Display,  flaunt,  show  off. 
Parade,  v.  n.     Make  a  show,  show  off 
Paradigm,  ».     Example,  model. 
Paradise,  n.     I.    Eden,  the  garden  of  Eden. 

2.  Elysium,  place  of  bliss. 

3.  Heaven,  abode  of  the  blest. 

Paradox,  «.  Absurdity  {as  appears  at  first  sights 
yet  not  so  in  fact),  seeming  contradiction. 

Paradoxical,  a.  Absurd  {to  appearance,  yet  con- 
formable to  fact),  incredible,  puzzling,  incon- 
ceivable, contradictory. 

Paragon,  «.  Model,  pattern,  masterpiece,  none- 
such, pink,  beau  ideal. 

Paragraph,  n.  I.  Passage,  clause,  section  of  a 
discourse,  sentence. 

2.   Item  {as  in  a  nev>spaper\  remark,  short 
notice. 

Paraguay  tea,  n.  Matt,  leaves  of  the  Ilex  para- 
guayensis. 

Parallel,  a.   I.    Equidistant  throughout  {as  lines). 

2,  In  conformity,  in  harmony,  m  accordance. 

3.  Like,  similar,  analogous,  resembling,  allied, 
equal,  correspondent. 

Parallel,  ».     I.    Parallel  line. 

2.  Resemblance,  similarity,  likeness. 

3.  Comparison. 

4.  Counterpart- 
Paralogism,  )  n.     Sophistry  {umntentumal),  false 
Paralogy,      J      reasoning. 

Paralyns, «.    Palsy. 

Paral5rze,  v.  a.     Palsy,  benumb,  deaden,  unnerve. 
Paramount,  a.     I.   Supreme,    superior,  pre-emi- 
nent, principal,  chief. 

2.  Eminent. 

3.  Superior. 

Paramour,  n.      I.    Lover  (in  a  bad  sense),  leman. 
2.   Concubine,  mistress. 


PARAPET 


300 


PARTIAL 


Parapet*  «.  I.  (Fori.)  Breastwork  {on  a  ram- 
part). 

2,   Breast  wall  {as  on  a  bridge)- 

Paraphemalia,  »•  //.  Appendages,  ornaments, 
trappings,  equipment,  equipage,  appurtenances, 
accoutrements. 

Paraphrase,  «.  I.  Explanation  {by  amplifying), 
exposition. 

2.  Free  translation. 

3.  Metrical  translation. 

Paraphrastic,      )  a.     Explanatory  {by  amplifica- 

Paraphrastlcal,  )      tion),  free,  diffuse. 

Parasite,  «.  Sycophant,  flatterer,  toady,  fawner, 
wheedler,  flunky,  spaniel,  pick-thank,  toad-eater, 
time-server,  hanger-on,  trencher-friend. 

Parasitic,      I  a.     Sycophantic,  fawning,  flattering, 

Parasitical, )  wheedhng,  servile,  slavish,  meanly 
submissive. 

Parasol,  n.     Sunshade. 

Paratonnerre,  «.  Lightning-rod,  lightning-con- 
ductor. 

Parboil,  V.  a.     Coddle,  boil  slightly. 

Parcae,  «.//.     Fates,  sisters  three. 

Parcel,  n.     I.    Bundle,  package,  packet,  budget. 

2.  Set,  lot,  batch,  collection,  group. 

3.  {Law.)    Piece,  part,   portion,   tract,  plot, 
patch. 

Parcel,  v.  a.  Divide,  distribute,  apportion,  deal 
out,  allot. 

Parcel,  a.     Part,  half,  in  part. 

Parch,  V.  a.     I.    Burn  {slightly),  scorch. 
2.   Dry,  shrivel,  dry  up. 

Pardon,  v.  a.  I.  Remit,  overlook,  past  over, 
forgive,  condone. 

2.    Forgive  {especially  for  a  grave  offence), 
absolve,  excuse,  acquit,  discharge,  release,  clear. 

Pardon,  «.  Forgiveness  {especially  of  a  grave  of- 
fence after  conviction,  and  granted  to  a  specif  ed 
person),  remission  {of  a  penalty  incurred),  abso- 
lution, grace,  mercy. 

Pardonable,  a.     Excusable,  venial. 

Pare,  v.  a.     I.    Peel  {by  the  use  of  a  knife). 

2.  Clip,  cut,  shave  ofE. 

3.  Diminish  {gradually),  lessen,  reduce. 
Parent,  «•     I.   Father  or  mother. 

2.  Author. 

3.  Cause,  source,  producer. 

Parentage,  «.  Extraction,  birth,  descent,  lineage, 
pedigree,  stock,  origin,  family,  ancestry. 

Parental,  a.  Affectionate,  kind,  tender,  cher- 
ishing. 

Parentless,  a.     Orphaned. 

Parget,  v.  a.     Plaster,  cover  with  plaster. 

Pargeter,  «.     Plasterer. 

Parhelion,  «.     [Gr.  pi.  Parhelia.]    Mock  sun. 

Pariah,  «.     Outcast,  wretch,  miserable  person. 

Parish,  a.     Parochial,  parishional. 

Parity,  «.  Equality,  equivalence,  likeness,  same- 
ness, analogy,  close  correspondence. 

Parlance,  «.   Conversation,  discourse,  talk,  phrase. 

Parley,  v.  «.  Talk,  converse,  discourse,  discuss, 
hold  a  conference  {especially  with  an  enemy), 
confer,  treat. 

Parley,  «.  Conference  {especially  between  ene- 
mies),  talk,  discourse,  conversation,  discussion, 
oral  treaty. 

Parliament,  «.  House  of  Lords  and  House  of 
Commons  {of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland),  Brit- 
ish legislature. 

Parlor,  «.     Sitting-room,  living-room. 

Parocbial,  a.     Parish,  pertainmg  to  a  parish. 

Parody,  n.  Travesty,  burlesque,  caricature,  ludi- 
crous imitation. 

Parodj;,  v.  a.  Travesty,  burlesque,  caricature, 
turn  into  burlesque. 

Parol,     \a.    {Law.)     Oral,  verbal,  by  word  of 

Parole,  )    mouth. 


Parol,    \n.     I.  {Law.)     Word   of  mouth,  oral 

Parole,  (      declaration. 

2.  {Mil.)    Word  of  honor,  word  of  promise, 
plighted  faith. 

Paronymous,  a.     Conjugate,  allied  radically. 

Paroxysm,  «.  {Med.)  Exacerbation  {of  a 
disease,  periodically),  fit,  convulsion,  sudden 
attack. 

Parguet,  «.     [Fr.]     Vxt,  parterre. 

Parquetry,  «.     Marguetry. 

Parricidal,  a.     Patricidal  or  matricidal. 

Parricide,  «•    Patricide  or  matricide. 

Parrot,  ft.     See  Poll. 

Parry,  v.  a.     I.  Ward  off,  turn  aside,  prevent, 
avert. 
2.   Shift  off,  avoid,  evade. 

Parsimonious,  a.  Stingy,  close,  avaricious,  nig- 
gardly, miserly,  mean,  penurious,  grasping,  cov- 
etous, close-fisted,  .sordid,  very  saving,  exces- 
sively frugal,  near,  illiberal,  hard-fisted,  sparing. 

Parsimony,  «.  Stinginess,  niggardliness,  penuri- 
ousness,  avarice,  covetousness,  cupidity,  mean- 
ness, closeness,  miserliness,  frugality,  economy, 
illiberality,  savingness. 

Parson,  n.  I.  Parish  priest,  rector,  incum- 
bent. 

2.   Minister,  priest,  clergyman,  pastor,  ecclesi- 
astic, churchman,  divine. 

Parsonage,  «.     I.   Rectory. 

2.  Parson's  mansion,  parsonage  house. 

3.  Parson's  dues,  benefice,  living. 

Part,  n.  I.  Piece,  portion,  section,  division,  sub- 
division. 

2.  Member,  organ,  constituent,  element,  com- 
ponent, ingredient. 

3.  Share,  portion,  lot. 

4.  Share,  concern,  interest,  participation. 

5.  Share,  allotment,  lot,  dividend,  apportion- 
ment. 

6.  Business,    charge,    duty,    ofl!ice,    function, 
work. 

7.  Side,  party,  interest,  concern,  faction. 

8.  Character,  rdle. 

9.  Action,  conduct,  behavior. 

10.   Portion,  passage,  clause,  paragraph. 
Part,  V.  a.     I.   Divide,  sever,  dissever,   sunder, 
dismember,   subdivide,  break,  break  in  pieces, 
tear  asunder. 

2.  Disunite,  separate,  disjoin,  disconnect,  de- 
tach, dissociate. 

3.  Hold  apart,  keep  apart,  stand  between,  in- 
tervene betwixt. 

4.  Apportion,   allot,  share,   distribute,   parcel 
out,  deal  out,  divide,  mete,  dole  out. 

5.  Secrete,  secern. 

Part,  v.n.  I.  Be  parted,  be  divided,  become  sep- 
arated, divide. 

2.  Give  up,  quit,  lose,  let  go  hold. 

3.  Quit  each  other,  take  leave,  bid  farewelL 

4.  Share,  have  a  share. 

5.  Break,  be  broken,  be  torn  asunder. 

6.  Depart,  go  away,  set  out. 

Partt^e,  v.  n.     Participate,  share,  have  a  share  of, 

take  a  part  of,  have  a  part  of,  participate  in. 
Partake,  v.  a.     Share,  partake  of,  participate  in, 

have  a  part  of,  take  a  part  of. 
Partaker,  «.     Participator,  sharer,  communicant, 

participant. 
Parterre,  «.     [Fr.l     Pit,  parquet. 
Part  from.    Leave,  be  detached  from ,  be  separated 

from. 
Partial,  a.     I.    Incomplete,  imperfect,  limited. 

2.  Biassed,  prejudiced,  prepossessed,  warped, 
interested,  unfair,  unjust,  one-sided,  influenced. 

3.  Fond,  favorably  disposed. 

4.  Indulgent,  fond. 

5.  {Bot.)    Subordinate. 


PARTIALITY 


301 


PASS 


Fartlalit7»  «.  I.  Unfairness,  injustice,  favorit- 
ism, bias. 

2.    Fondness,    predilection,   liking,   fancy,  in- 
clination, leaning,  bent. 

Partially,  ad.     I.    Unfairly,  unjustly. 
2.    Partly,  imperfectly,  in  part. 

Partibility,  «•     Separability. 

Partible,  a.     Separable,  divisible. 

Particepa  criminis.  [L.]  Accomplice,  confeder- 
ate, abettor,  socius  criminis. 

Participant,  a.     Sliaring,  partaking. 

Participant,  «•     Participator,  sharer. 

Participate,  v.  a.  and  v.  n.  Partake,  share,  have 
a  part  in,  take  a  part  in. 

Participation,  «.     Partaking. 

Participator,  «.     Partaker,  sharer,  partner. 

Particle,  «.  Bit,  atom,  molecule,  corpuscle,  mote, 
jot,  iota,  tittle,  whit,  grain,  scrap,  mite,  scintilla, 
ace,  speck. 

Particular,  a.    I.   Especial,  special,  specific. 

2.  Individual,      single,      separate,       distinct, 
special. 

3.  Peculiar,  characteristic,  distinctive. 

4.  Personal,  private,  individual,  own,  peculiar. 

5.  Notable,  noteworthy,  special. 

6.  Minute,  circumstantial,  precise,  exact,  de- 
tailed. 

7«   Exact,  precise,  nice,  scrupulous,  fastidious, 
critical,  careful,  strict,  finical. 

8.    Peculiar,   odd,   singular,   strange,   notable, 
uncommon,  marked. 
Particular,    «.      Instance,   circumstance,    detail, 

item,  particularity,  special  point,  feature. 
Particularity,     «.      I.    Exactness,     preciseness, 
precision. 

2.  Singleness,  individuality. 

3.  Detail,   item,  particular,  special  point,  mi- 
nute circumstance. 

4.  Peculiarity,  singularity,  characteristic. 
Particularize,  v.  a.     Specify,  mention  in  detail, 

set  forth  minutely. 

Particularize,  v.  «.  Be  particular,  descend  to 
particulars,  mention  particulars. 

Particularly,  ad.    I.   Especially,   specially,  spe- 
cifically. 
2.    Separately,  singly,  distinctly,  individually. 

Parting:,  a.     I.   Dividing,  separating,  breaking. 

2.  Last,  farewell,  valedictory. 

3.  Departing,  declining. 

Parting:,  n.  I.  Breaking,  rupture,  disruption, 
severing,  tearing  asunder. 

2.  Separation,  detachment,  division. 

3.  Leave-taking,  farewell. 

Partisan,  «.  I.  Adherent,  follower,  supporter, 
disciple,  champion,  votary,  party-man. 

2.  Truncheon,  staff,  bdion, 

3.  Halberd,  pike. 

4.  Quarter-staff. 
Partisan,  n.     Factionary,  biassed. 
Partisanship,  «.     Championship. 
Partition,  n.     I.   Division,  separation. 

2.  Dividing  wall,  division  wall,  barrier,  screen. 

3.  Division,  distribution,  apportionment,  allot- 
ment. 

4.  (,Mus.)  Score. 

Partition,  v.  a.     I.  Apportion,  share,  divide  into 

shares,  parcel  out. 
2.   Divide  by  partitions. 
Partitive,  a.    (Gram.)     Distributive,  dividing. 
Partitive,  «.    (Gram.)     Distributive. 
Partly,   ad.     In  part,  in  some  measure,  in  some 

degree. 
Partner,  «.      I.   Associate,  colleague,   partaker, 

sharer,  participator,  participant. 

2.  Member  of  a  partnership,  member  of  a  firm, 
one  of  a  firm  or  house,  coadjutor,  confederate. 

3.  Spouse,  companion,  consort. 


Partnership,  «.  I.  Union,  connection,  interest, 
participation. 

2.   Copartnership,   company,    association,  so- 
ciety, firm,  house. 

Partridge-berry.  «•  .1.  Creeping  wintergreen, 
wintergreen,  aromatic  wintergreen,  teaoerry, 
boxberry  ( GauHheria  procumbens). 

2.   Checkerberry,     .squaw-vine,    winter-clover 
{Mitchella  repens). 

Parts,  «.  //.     I.   Talents,  faculties,  powers,  abil- 
ities, endowments,  gifts,  genius,  qualities,  accom- 
plishments, intellect,  mind,  intelligence. 
2.   Quarters,  regions,  districts. 

Parturition,  n.  Delivery,  labor,  travail,  child- 
birth, bringing  forth,  birth. 

Part  with.  Relinquish,  resign,  surrender,  lose, 
give  up. 

Party,  «.  I.  Faction,  set,  junto,  circle,  ring,  com- 
bination, league,  confederacy,  alliance,  cabal, 
clique,  coterie. 

2.  Body,  company,  detachment,  troop,  squad. 

3.  Company. 

4.  Company,  assembly,  gathering,   social  as- 
semblage. 

5.  Participator,  participant,  partaker,  sharer. 

6.  Litigant,  plaintiff  or  defendant. 

7.  Person,   individual,  one,  somebody,  some 
one. 

8.  Cause,  side. 

Party-colored,  a.  Variegated,  piebald,  pied,  mot- 
ley, many-colored,  many-hued,  divers-colored. 

Party-man,  «.     See  Partisan,  i. 

Par  value.     Nominal  value. 

ParvenUf  «.  [Fr.]  Upstart,  mushroom,  snob, 
pretentious  fellow,  pretender  to  gentility. 

Pas,  n.     I.   Step. 
2.    Precedence. 

Paschal,  a.     I.   Passover. 
2.   Easter. 

Pasch-egg,  «.     [Written  also  Pace-egg.^     Easter- 

Pasha,  n.    See  Pacha. 
Pasigraphy,  «.     Universal  language. 

Pasqulll^    1  "•     S^*'"^^'  lampooner,  libeller. 
Pasquin,  v.  a.    Lampoon,  satirize,  abuse  by  satire. 
Pasquinade,  n.     Lampoon,  satire. 
Pass,  V.  n,    I.   Go,  move,  proceed,  go  on,  make  a 
transit 

2.  Elapse,  lapse,  be  spent,  pass  away. 

3.  Vanish,  disappear,  cease,  fade,  die,  be  lost. 

4.  Occur,  happen,  take  place. 

5.  Circulate,   be    current,   gain    currency,  be 
received. 

6.  Be  enacted,  be  sanctioned  by  a  majority  of 
votes. 

7.  Be  deemed,   be    considered,  be    held,  be 
regarded. 

8.  Answer,  do,  do  well  enough. 

9.  Go  unheeded,  go  unregarded. 

10.  Make  a  thrust,  make  a  pass,  thrust. 

11.  Determine,  pass  judgment. 

12.  Move  through,  go  through. 
Pass,  V.  a.     I.   Allow  to  proceed,  let  go. 

2.  Goby. 

3.  Go  over,  go  across. 

4.  Go  through,  go  along. 

5.  Undergo,   experience,  live  through,  make 
trial  of,  suffer. 

6.  Spend  (as  time),  live  through. 

7.  Omit,  neglect,  disregard,  take  no  notice  of. 

8.  Overstep,  go  beyond,  overpass, 

9.  Exceed,  surpass,  excel,  transcend 

10.  Be  enacted  by,  be  passed  by. 

11.  Enact,  ratify,   sanction   by  a    majority  of 
votes. 

12.  Utter,  deliver,  pronounce. 


PASS 


302 


PATERNAL  ESTATE 


13.  Give  currency  to,  put  into  circulation. 

14.  Void,  discharge,  eject,  excrete. 

15.  Finish,  accomplish,  end,  achieve. 

16-    Send,  transmit,  deliver,  transfer,  make  over. 
TttSSf  ft.     I.   Passage,  way,  road,  avenue. 

2.  Defile,  ravine,  gorge,  narrow  passage. 

3.  Passport,  ticket,  permission  to  pass. 

4.  Conjuncture,  state,  condition,  situation, 
plight. 

5.  Thrust,  push,  allonge,  lunge,  tilt,  passado. 

6.  Ford. 

Passable,  a.     I.    Fit  for  travel. 

2.  Tolerable,  middling,  moderate,  ordinary, 
allowable,  admissible,  so-so,  mediocre,  pretty 
good. 

3.  Current,  receivable,  acceptable. 
Passage,  «.     I.    Passing,  transit. 

2.  Transit,  journey,  voyage. 

3.  Road,  path,  way,  avenue,  pass,  course, 
thoroughfare,  channel,  route. 

4.  Access,  entry,  reception,  currency. 

5.  Exploit,  act,  deed,  event,  feat,  occurrence, 
incident. 

6.  Gallery,  corridor. 

7.  Clause,  sentence,  paragraph,  text. 

8.  Departure,  death,  decease. 

9.  Enactment,  passing. 

10.  (Mus. )    Phrase,  portion  of  a  tune. 

11.  Fare. 

12.  Pass,  encounter,  contest,  combat,  skirmish, 
conflict,  collision,  brush,  joust,  tilt,  affair. 

Pass  away.    [Active.)     Spend,  waste. 
Pass  away.    {Neuter.)     I.  Elapse,  lapse,  pass, 
glide,  slip  away. 

2.  Move  from  sight,  vanish. 

3.  Die. 

4.  Be  spent,  be  lost. 

Pass  by.     I.   Overlook,  disregard,  omit,  take  no 
notice  of,  pass  over,  neglect. 
2.   Overlook,  excuse,  forgive. 

Pass  current.     Be  received,  be  admitted. 

Passe,  a.    [Fr.]    Past,  worn,  faded,  out  of  use,  out 
of  date,  antiquated. 

Passenger,  n.     Traveller,  wayfarer,  voyager,  itine- 
rant, tourist. 

Passim,  ad.     [L.]     Here  and  there,  everywhere, 
throughout. 

Passing,  a.    Transient,  fleeting,  momentary,  going 
by. 

Passing,  ad.     Surpassingly,  wonderfully,  exceed- 
ingly, excessively. 

Pasi^g,  pre^.     Exceeding,  beyond,  over. 

Pass  in  review.     Review,  revise,  reconsider,  re- 
examine. 

Pass  into.     Unite,  blend. 

Passion,   «.      I.     SuflFering  {specifically  that  of 
Christ  by  cnicifixioTi). 

2.  Emotion,  ardor,  fervor,  zeal,  rapture,  trans- 
port, excitement,  impulse,  glow,  strong  feeling. 

3.  Zeal,  ardor,  vehement  desire. 

4.  Pathos,  warmth  of  feeling,  tender  emotion. 

5.  Anger,  resentment,  wrath,  indignation, 
fury,  rage,  vehemence,  excitement. 

6.  Love,  affection,  attachment,  fondness,  de- 
votion, adoration. 

7.  Object  of  passion,  absorbing  pursuit,  rage. 
Passionate,  a.      I.   Warm,  ardent,  earnest,  vehe- 
ment, excited,  animated,  fiery,  enthusiastic,  fer- 
vent, glowing,  burning,  zealous,  violent,  furious, 
impetuous,  impulsive,  impassioned. 

2.  Irascible,  excitable,  choleric,  hasty,  impa- 
tient, touchy,  hot,  peppery,  hot-tempered,  angry, 
quick-tempered,  hot-headed,  fiery,  violent. 
Passionless,  A.  I.  Impassive,  unsusceptible,  un- 
impressible,  apathetic,  cold,  phlegmatic,  stoical, 
cold-blooded,  without  passion  or  feeling,  self- 
contained. 


2.   Cool,  calm,  collected,  unmoved,  quiet,  im- 
perturbable, of  a  calm  temper. 
Passion  week.     Holy  Week,  week  before  Easter. 
Passive,  a.     I.   Quiet,  quiescent,  inert,  inactive, 
receptive. 

2.   Unresisting,  submissive,  patient,  long-suf- 
fering, enduring,  suffering. 
Passiveness,  «.     I.   Passivity. 

2.  Passibility. 

3.  Patience,  calmness,  submission. 

Pass  muster.      Answer,  do,  pass,  serve,  do  well 

enough. 
Pass  on.     Palm,  palm  ofiF,  impose  by  trick,  impose 

fraudulently. 
Pass  on  or  Upon.    {Active)     I.    Befall,  happen  to, 

come  upon. 
2.    Impose  upon,  palm  upon,  palm  off  upon, 

practise  artfully,  put  upon. 
Pass  on.     {Neuter.)    Proceed. 
Pass  over.     {Active.)    Overlook,  disregard,  omit, 

pass  by. 
Pass  over.    {Neuter.)    Cross,  move  from  side  to 

side. 
Passport, «.    I.  Pass. 

2.   Safeguard. 
Password,   n.     Watchword,    countersign,    secret 

parole. 
Past,  a.    I.   Spent,  gone,  ended,  accomplished. 

2.   Gone  by. 
Past,  «.     Past  time,  bygone  time. 
TasttPrep.     I.   Beyond,  out  of  the  reach  of. 

2.  After  {in  time). 

3.  Beyond  {in  position),  farther  than. 

4.  Above,  more  than,  exceeding. 
Past,  ad.     By. 

Pastime,  «.  Amusement,  entertainment,  diver- 
sion, sport,  play,  recreation. 

Pastor,  n.     I.   Shepherd. 

2.  Minister,  clergyman,  priest,  parson,  ecclesi- 
astic, churchman,  divine. 

Pastoral,  a.     I.   Rural,  rustic,  of  shepherds. 

2.  Bucolic. 

3.  Ministerial,  of  a  pastor. 

Pastoral,  «.    Bucolic,  idyl,  eclogue,  pastoral  poem. 

Pastoral-Staff,  «.     Crosier. 

Pastorate,  «.     Pastorship. 

Pastorship,  «.     Pastorate. 

Pasturage,  «.     Pasture,  grazing  land. 

Pasture,  «.  I.  Herbage,  herbs,  pasturage,  grass. 
2.   Grazing  land,  pasturage,  pasture-ground. 

Pasture,  v.  a.  Supply  with  pasturage,  graze,  turn 
out  to  pasture. 

Pasty,  n.     Meat-pie. 

Pat,  a.  {Colloq.)  Fit,  apt,  pertinent,  suitable, 
appropriate. 

Pat,  ad.  {Colloq.)  Seasonably,  fitly,  aptly,  con- 
veniently, apropos. 

Pat,  «.     I.   Rap,  dab,  tap,  hit,  light  blow. 

2.  Small  lump.  cake. 

3.  {Colloq.)  [Abbreviated  from  St.  Patrick, 
their  patron  saint]  Irishman,  paddy,  Milesian, 
Hibernian,  son  of  Erin. 

Pat,  V.  a.    Rap,  dab,  tap,  strike  lightly,  hit. 
Patch,  «.     I.    Piece. 

2.   Tract,  parcel,  plot 
Pate,  «.     Head  {in  a  ludicrous  sense). 
Patella,  «.     [L.]    I.   Knee-pan,  knee-cap. 

2.  {Conch.)    Limpet. 
Patent,  a.     I.   Open,  spreading,  expanded. 

2.  Patented. 

3.  Open,  apparent,  evident,  plain,  obvious, 
manifest,  dear,  public,  conspicuous,  unconcealed, 
palpable,  unmistakable,  glaring,  notorious,  indis- 
putable. 

Paternal,  <i.     I.  Fatherly. 

2.    Hereditary. 
Paternal  estate.   Patrimony,  inheritance,  heritage. 


PATERNITY 


803 


PEACE 


Paternity,  «.     I.   Fathership,  fatherhood. 

2.  Origin,  derivation  from  a  father. 

3.  Origin,  authorship. 

Pater  noster.    [L.]    I.  The  Lord's  prayer. 

2.    Rosary. 
Path,    «.     I.    Track    (trodden),    footway,    path- 
way. 
2.    Road,  way,  course,  route,  passage,  avenue. 
Pathetic,  a.    Affecting,  touching,  moving,  melting, 

tender,  plaintive. 
Pathless,  a.     Untrodden,  trackless. 
Pathos,  «.     I.   Passion,  warmth  of  feeling,  tender 
emotion. 

2.   Pathetic  quality,   tender  tone,    pathetical- 
ness. 
Pathway,  «.     I.   Path,  footway,  track- 

2.    Way,  course  of  life. 
Patience,  n.     I.   Endurance. 

2.  Endurance  (without  complaint),  fortitude, 
resignation,  submission,  sufferance,  long-suffer- 
ance, long-suffering,  calmness,  composure. 

3.  Quietness,  calmness. 

4.  Forbearance,  leniency,  indulgence,  long- 
suffering. 

5.  Perseverance,  persistence,  indefatigableness, 
constancy,  diligence,  assiduity. 

Patient,  a.     I.   Enduring,  able  to  endure. 
•    2.   Submissive,  resigned,  uncomplaining,  unre- 
pining,  passive,  long-suffering. 

3.  Quiet,  calm,  contented. 

4.  Indulgent,  lenient,  long-suffering. 

5.  Persevering,  persistent,  diligent,  assiduous, 
indefatigable,  constant. 

Patient,  «•     Invalid,  sufferer,  sick  person. 

Patness,  «.  (Collog.)  Suitableness,  appropriate- 
ness, fitness,  propriety,  aptness,  pertinency,  con- 
venience. 

Patois,  «     [Fr.]    Rustic  or  provincial  dialect. 

Patrician, «.    Nobleman. 

Patrician,  a.  Noble,  senatorial,  aristocratic,  high- 
born, well-bom. 

Patricidal,  a.     Parricidal. 

Patricide,  «.     Parricide. 

Patrimony,  «.  Inheritance,  heritage,  paternal  or 
hereditary  estate. 

Patriot,  n.     Lover  of  one's  country. 

Patriotism,  «  Love  of  country,  devotion  to  one's 
country,  national  spirit,  amor  patr ice. 

Patron,  «.  Defender,  advocate,  protector,  sup- 
porter, favorer,  guardian,  good  genius,  tutelary 
saint. 

Patronage, «.  I.  Favor,  countenance,  support,  as- 
sistance, influence,  friendship,  aid,  protection, 
encouragement. 

2.  Custom,  good-will  (of  an  established  place 
of  business). 

Patronize,  v.  a.  Favor,  countenance,  support, 
aid,  assist,  help,  befriend,  make  interest  for, 
defend,  maintain. 

Patronjrimic,  «.  Surname,  family  name,  ances- 
tral name,  sirname,  cognomen. 

Pattern,  «.  I.  Exemplar,  model,  archetype,  pro- 
totype, original. 

2.  Specimen,  sample,  example. 

3.  Figure,  shape,  design. 

4.  Figure,  style. 

Pattern,  v.  a.     Imitate,  copy,  follow. 

Pancity,  n.     I.    Fewness,  small  number,  rarity. 

2.    Smallness  of  cjuantity,  poverty,  exiguity. 
Panhangen,  «.    (Indian  name)    See  Manhadem. 
Patll,  n.     See  Pawl. 
Paunch,  «.     I.   Abdomen,  belly. 

2.  First  stomach  (of  a  ruminating'  animal). 
Pauper,  «.  Poor  person  (depending  on  charity^. 
Pauperism,    n.      Indigence,    destitution,   penury, 

extreme  poverty,  want,  need. 
Panse,  n.    I.   Stop,  cessation,  suspension,  inter- 


ruption, rest,  halt,  intermission,  remission,  stop- 
page, stopping,  break, 

2.  Suspense,  hesitation,  uncertainty. 

3.  Break,  paragraph  (in  writing), 

4.  Point,  punctuation-mark. 

Pause,  V.  n.  I.  Stop,  cease,  desist,  wait,  delay, 
rest,  breathe,  stay,  break  off. 

2.  Stop,  wait,  forbear,  delay,  tarry,  stay,  in- 
termit. 

3.  Hesitate,  demur,  deliberate,  waver,  hold 
back. 

Pave  the  way.  Prepare,  make  ready,  get  ready, 
make  preparation,  smooth  the  way,  prepare  a 
way,  prepare  a  passage  for,  facilitate  the  intro- 
duction oL 

Pavilion, «.    I.  Tent. 

2.  Canopy,  covering, 

3.  (Anat^    Auricle,  ala,  external  ear. 
Pavonine,  a.    Iridescent,  irisated,  nacreous,  gorge 

de  pigeon. 
Paw,  n.     I.   Foot  (of  beasts  with  claws). 

2.    Yiz.x\A  (in  contempt). 
Pawl,  n.     [Written  also  Paul  and  Pall.^    Click, 

detent,  catch,  ratchet. 
Pawn,  «.     Pledge  (of  a  chattel  to  secure  a  debt), 

gage,  security. 
Pawn,  V.  a.     I.   Pledge,  offer  or  give  as  security. 

2.   Stake,  wager,  hazard,  lay,  bet,  risk. 
Pawnee,  «.     (Law.)     Pledgee. 
Pay,  V.  a.     I.   Discharge,  settle,  liquidate,  defray. 

2.  Compensate,  recompense,  requite,  remun- 
erate, reward,  make  payment  to,  satisfy,  dis- 
charge one's  obligation  to,  indemnify. 

3.  Punish,   take    revenge  upon,  retort  upon. 

4.  Give,  render,  offer. 

5.  (Naut.)    Sm^diT  (with  tar  or  pitch). 
Pay,  V.  n.     I.   Make  compensation. 

2.  Be  profitable,  be  remunerative,  make  a  good 
return,  be  a  good  investment,  give  a  good  in- 
terest. 
Pay,  «.  Compensation,  recompense,  remunera- 
tion, reward,  requital,  wages,  hire,  stipend,  sal- 
ary, allowance,  emolument. 

Payable,  a.    i.  Due. 
2.  That  may  be  paid. 

Pay-bill,  «.     Pay-roll. 

Pay  down.     Pay  on  the  spot,  pay  on  delivery. 

Pay  for.  I.  Give  an  equivalent  for,  bear  the  ex- 
pense of,  be  mulcted  on  account  of,  defray  the 
cost. 

2.  Atone  for,  make  amends  for. 
Pajdng,  a.     Remunerative,  profitable,  gainful. 
Payment,   «.      I.   Paying,  discharge  of  a  debt, 

settlement, 

^  2.   Recompense,  requital,   reward,  remunera- 
tion, compensation,  fee. 

3.  Chastisement,  punishment. 

Pay  off.     I.   Pay  and  discharge  (as  hired  men). 

2.  Punish,  pay,  take  revenge  upon,  retort 
upon,  retaliate,  be  quits,  be  even  with,  give  a 
quid  pro  quo. 

3.  (Naut.)  Fall  off,  fall  to  leeward,  fall  oflF 
from  the  wind. 

Pay  one's  addresses  to.    Woo,  court,  solicit  in 

love,  make  love  to,  pay  court  to. 

Pay  the  debt  of  nature.  Die,  expire,  pass  away, 
depart  this  life,  breathe  one's  last,  end  one's  days, 
be  no  more,  give  up  the  ghost,  join  the  majority, 
go  to  one's  long  Account,  shuffle  off  this  mortal 
coil,  take  one's  last  sleep,  go  down  into  silence. 

Pay  np.  (Collog.)  Settle,  pay  arrears,  settle  an 
account,  square  accounts,  quit  scores,  strike  a 
b;xlance,  pay  the  bill,  pay  the  piper,  pay  the 
fiddler. 

Peace,  «.     I.   Calm,    repose,   quiet,  tranquillity, 
stillness,  silence,  calmness,  quietness. 
2.   Amity,  harmony. 


PEACEABLE 


304 


PELLUCID 


3.  Public  tranquillity,  good  order,  quiet. 

4.  Tranquillity,  calmness,  quiet  of  conscience. 

5.  Harmony,  concord,  reconciliation,  pacifi- 
cation. 

Peaceable,  a.     I.    Peaceful,  pacific,  free  from  war. 

2.  Gentle,  mild,  amicable,  friendly,  disposed 
to  peace,  inoffensive. 

3.  Quiet,  tranquil,  placid,  unmoved,  undis- 
turbed, serene,  peaceful,  still. 

Peaceful,  a.     I.   Quiet,  undisturbed. 

2.  Mild,  gentle,  kindly,  friendly,  pacific, 
peaceable. 

3.  Calm,  still,  placid,  tranquil,  serene. 
Peace-maker,  «.     Mediator,  intercessor. 
Peace-making,  a.     Conciliatory,  mild,  appeasing. 
Peace-offering,  «.      I.   Atonement,   satisfaction, 

amends,  reparation,  atoning  sacrifice. 
2.   Mediation,  olive-branch,  intercession. 

Peak, «.    I.  Point. 

2.   Top  {of  a  mountain),  summit,  crest,  crown, 

pinnacle,  pica. 
Peak,  V.  n.    Grow  thin  or  lean,  become  emaciated, 

dwindle. 
Peaked,  a.     Pointed,  picked,  piked. 
Peal,  n.     Blast,  burst,  blare,  clang. 
Peal,    V.    n.     Resound,      echo,    re-echo,    boom, 

thunder,  roar. 
Pean, «.    See  P>ean. 

Peanism,  n.    Jubilation,  shouts  of  triumph. 
Pea-nut,    «.     Ground-nut,     earth-nut  {Arachu 

hypogcea). 
Pearl, «.     I.   Margarite. 

2.  Jewel,  gem. 

3.  Drop,  tear. 

Pearlash,   «.     Commercial  carbonate   of  potash, 

calcined  potash. 
Pearl-powder,  «.     See  Pearl-white. 
Pearl-white,   n.     Pearl-powder,  oxychloride    of 

bismuth. 
Pearly,  a.     I.   Abounding  in  pearls. 

2.   Clear,  pure,  translucent,  limpid,  pellucid. 
Peasant,   «.     Rustic,   countryman,    hind,   swain, 

clown,  laborer. 
Peasant,  a.     Rustic,  rural. 

Pe^^*'  }  '*•    ^"*^^'  clo'«^^sh,  illiterate. 
Peasantry*  «•     Laborers,  peasants,  rustics,  hinds, 

lowest  agricultural  class. 
Pebble,  ».     I.   Stone  (e/"jw«//jzz^),  pebble-stone. 

2.  (Injnvelry.)     Agate. 

3.  {A  mong  opticians)    Colorless  rock-crystal, 

Siartz,  pure  silica. 
ble-stone,  «.    Pebble. 
Peccability,  «.     Frailty,  infirmity,  weakness,  lia- 
bility to  sin. 
Peccable,  «.     Frail,  weak,  imperfect,  erring,  sin- 
ning, liable  to  sin. 
Peccadillo,   «.     Petty  fault,  slight  offence,  petty 

trespass,  slight  crime. 
Peccant,  a.     I.   Sinning,  erring,  guilty,  criminal. 

2.  Morbid,  malignant,  corrupting,  corroding, 
bad,  corrupt,  unhealthy. 

3,  Wrong,  incorrect,  bad,  defective,  informal. 
Peccary,    n.     Mexican     hog,     tajagu    {Dicotyles 

torquatus). 

Peculate,  v.  «.  Embezzle,  appropriate  criminally, 
steal,  pilfer,  rob,  defraud. 

Peculation,  «.     Embezzlement,  pilfering,  theft. 

Peculiar,  a.  I.  That  specially  pertains,  that  be- 
longs exclusively,  one's  own,  appropriate,  proper. 

2.  Singular,  characteristic,  exceptional,  rare, 
striking,  unusual,  uncommon,  eccentric,  odd,  ex- 
traordinary, strange,  queer. 

3.  Special,  select,  particular,  individual,  es- 
pecial, specific. 

Peculiarity,  «.  I.  Appropriateness,  specialty, 
individuality,  distinctiveness. 


2.    Individuality,  idiocrasy,  idiosyncrasy,  char- 
acteristic, specialty,  singularity,  particularity. 

Peculiarly,  ad.     I,   Especially,  particularly,  un- 
usually. 
2.   Particularly,  singly. 

Pecuniary,  a.  Monetary,  nummular,  nummulary, 
nummary,  financial. 

Pedagogue, ».  {A  contemptuous  term.)  I.  School- 
master, teacher. 
2.    Pedant. 

Pedant,  «.     I.   Schoolmaster,  pedagogue. 

2.  Vain  scholar,  conceited  scholar,  ostentatious 
man  of  learning. 

Pedantic,      I  a.     Conceited,   pragmatical,  vain  of 

Fedantical,  (  knowledge,  ostentatious  of  learn- 
ing, over-learned,  pedagogic,  pedagogical,  prig- 
gish, pompous,  stilted. 

Pedantry,  «.  Ostentation  of  learning,  boastful 
display  of  knowledge,  pedantism. 

Peddle,  v.  a.     Hawk,  retail,  vend. 

Peddle,  v.  «.     I.    Hawk,  retail,  vend. 
2.   Trifle,  dawdle. 

Peddler,  «.  [Written  also  Pedlar  and  Pedler.] 
Travelling  chapman,  hawker,  vender,  petty 
dealer,   travelling  trader. 

Pedestrian,  «.     I.   Foot-traveller,  traveller  afoot, 
walker. 
2.    Foot-racer,  professional  walker. 

Pedigree,  «.  Lineage,  descent,  ancestry,  gen- 
ealogy, stock,  breed,  family,  race,  house,  line  of 
ancestors,  strain,  line,  extraction. 

Pedler;}''-     See  Peddler. 

Peel,  V.  a.     I.   Pare  (by  cutting),  bark,  flay,  de- 
corticate. 
2.   Strip  off,  remove  by  stripping. 

Peel,  V.  n.  Exfoliate,  come  oS(as  skin  or  rind), 
peel  off. 

Peel,  n.     Rind,  skin. 

Peeler,  n.     Policeman. 

Peep,  V.  n.  I.  Chirp  (fls  a  chicken),  pule,  cheep, 
cry,  pip.   _ 

2.  Begm  to  appear,  issue,  come  forth. 

3.  Peer,  look  slyly. 

Peep  of  day.  Dawn,  morning,  aurora,  sunrise, 
prime,  prime  of  day,  cock-crow,  break  of  day, 
early  morning,  first  flush  of  the  morning,  point 
dujour. 

Peer,  «.    I.   Ecjual,  mate,  match,  compeer. 

2.  Companion,  associate,  fellow,  comrade,  con- 
temporary. 

3.  Nobleman,  lord. 

Peer,  «/  «.  I.  {Poetical.)  Appear,  peep,  come  in 
sight. 

2.    Peep,  pry,  look  closely  or  narrowly. 

Peerless,  a.  Unequalled,  unmatched,  unsur- 
passed, matchless,  superlative,  unique,  without 
an  equal,  without  a  peer. 

PeeviWl,  a.  I.  Fretful,  petulant,  querulous,  irri- 
table, waspish,  snappish,  pettish,  captious,  cross, 
crusty,  snarling,  testy,  churlish,  crabbed,  acri- 
monious, spleeny,  ill-natured,  ill-tempered. 

2.  Discontented,  fretful,  captious. 

3.  Self-willed,  stubborn,  obstinate,  headstrong, 
froward. 

4.  Silly,  childish,  thoughtless,  trifling. 

Ppifliic   *  }  '''•     Oceanic,  marine,  of  the  ocean. 

Pelargonium,  n.   {Bat.)     Stork's  bill. 

Pelf,   n.     Money,   riches,   lucre,    mammon,  gain, 

wealth  {contemptuous  term). 
Pellicle,  n.     Film,  thin  skin,  thin  coating,  crust. 
Pell-mell,  a^.    Confusedly,  irregularly,  disorderly, 

in  confusion,  in  disorder,  helter-skelter,  at  sixes 

and  sevens. 
Pellucid,    a.     Clear,    limpid,   crystalline,   bright, 

lucid,  translucent,  diaphanous. 


PELT 


305 


PEPTIC 


Feltt  n.     Skin  (of  a  beast  with  the  hair  on  it), 

hide,  raw  hide,  undressed  hide. 
Feltf  V.  a.     I.    Strike  (with  something  thrown), 

beat,  batter,  assail  with  missiles,  belabor. 
2.   Throw,  cast,  hurl. 

pSStld,}"-  (^^'-^    Shield-shaped. 

Pelting,  n.     Beating,  battering. 

Peltry,  «.     Pelts,  hides,  skins,  raw  hides. 

Pen,  V.  a.  I.  Write,  compose,  indite,  commit  to 
paper,  inscribe. 

2.  Encage,  coop,  confine,  enclose,  impound, 
imprison,  incarcerate,  shut  up,  shut  in,  hem  in, 
wall  in,  rail  in. 

Pen,  n.  Enclosure,  pinfold,  pound,  sty,  coop,  pen- 
fold. 

Penal,  a.     Punitive. 

Penalty,  «.     I.   Punishment,  penal  retribution. 
2.    Forfeiture,  fine,  mulct,  amercement. 

Penance.  «.  Punishment  {self-indicted  or  jw«- 
Posed  by  ecclesiastical  authority),  mortification, 
maceration,  humiliation,  penalty. 

Penates,  «.     Household  gods. 

Penchant,  «.   [F"*;].   Inclination,  bent,  propensity, 

!)roneness,  proclivity,  disposition,  tendency,  turn, 
caning,  predisposition,  liking,  fondness,   predi- 
lection, taste,  bias,  propension. 
Pencil,    n.      I.   Brush    {made    of  hair    or  fine 
bristles). 
2.   Crayon. 
PencU,  V.  a.     I.   Paint,  depict,  delineate,  portray, 
sketch. 
2.   Mark  or  draw  with  a  pencil. 
Pencilling,  «.     Sketch,  outline. 
Pencraft,  «.     I.   Penmanship,  chirography,  writ- 

2.   Authorship,  composition. 
Pendant,  ».     I.   Hanging  appendage,  bob. 

2.  Ear-ring,  ear-drop. 

3.  {Naut. )    Pennant,  pennon. 

4.  Chandelier,  gas-fixture,  lustre. 

5.  Appendix,  addition. 

Pendent,  a.     I.    Hanging,  pendulous,  suspended, 
pensile,  depending. 
2.   Overhanging,  projecting,  jutting  over. 
Pendente  lite.   [L.]     While  the  suit  is  pending, 

pending  the  suit  or  action,  during  litigation. 
Pending,    a.     Depending,     undecided,    undeter- 
mined,  unsettled,   in  suspense. 
Pending,  prep.     During. 
Pendragon,  «.     Generalissimo,  chief  leader. 
Pendulous,  a.     I.    Hanging,  pendent. 

2.   Doubtful,  unsettled,  uncertain,  in  suspense. 
Penetrable,  a.     I.   Permeable,  pervious. 

2.   Susceptible,  impressible^ 
Penetralia,  «.  //.     I.    Sanctuary,  inner  parts,  re- 
cesses. 
2.    Secrets,  mysteries,  hidden  things. 
Penetrate,  v.  a.   I.   Pierce,  perforate,  bore,  enter. 

2.  Touch,  make  sensible,  affect. 

3.  Discern,  understand,  comprehend. 
Penetrate,  v.  «.     I.    Pass,  make  way,  enter. 

2.    See  into,  make  way  intellectually. 
Penetrating,  a.     I.    Sharp,  subtle,  piercing,  pene- 
trative, permeating. 

2.    Discerning,    intelligent,   sagacious,    sharp- 
witted,  clear-sighted,  acute,  keen,  quick,  shrewd, 
keen-sighted. 
Penetration,  «.     I.   Penetrating. 

2.  Insight. 

3.  Acuteness,  discernment,  sagacitv,  sagacious- 
ness,  shrewdness,  astuteness,  sharpness,  per- 
spicacity,  insight,   discrimination,   acumen. 

Penetrative,  «  I.  Piercing,  sharp,  subtle,  saga- 
cious, discerning,  acute. 

2.  Sharp,  subtle,  piercing,  penetrating,  keen, 
acute. 


Penfold,  «.     See  Pinfold. 

Penitence,  «.  Repentance,  contrition,  compunc- 
tion, regret,  remorse,  sorrow. 

Penitent,  a.  Repentant,  contrite,  remorseful, 
sorry,   sorrowful. 

Penitent,  «.     I.   Repentant. 

2.   Penitentiary,  repentant,  penance-doer. 

Penitentiary, «.     I.   PHson,  jaiJ,  bridewell,  work- 
house, house  of  correction. 
2.    Penitent,  repentant,  penance-doer. 

Penman,  «.  I.  Teacher  of  penmanship,  writing- 
teacher,  calligrapher,  calligraphist. 

2.  Writer,  scribe,  chirographer,  chirographist, 
quill-driver,  penner. 

3.  Author,  writer,  composer. 
Penmanship,  n.     I.  Calligraphy,  pencraft,  art  of 

writing. 
2.    Chirography,  writing. 

Pennant,  ».   (Naut.)   Pendant,  pennon,  small  flag. 

Penniless,  a.  Moneyless,  destitute,  poor,  neces- 
sitous, needy,  indigent,  distressed,  pinched,  re- 
duced, poverty-stricken,  impecunious,  out  of 
money,  out  of  cash,  out  of  pocket,  in  need,  in 
want. 

Pennon,  n.  Banner,  streamer,  standard,  flag, 
colors,  ensign. 

Pensile,  a.  Hanging,  suspended,  pendent,  pen- 
dulous. 

Pension,  «.     I.   Allowance  (from  a  government 
for  past  services),  annuity. 
2.   Boarding-house. 

Pensive,  a.  I.  Thoughtful,  meditative,  reflective, 
dreamy,  sober. 

2.  Expressive  of  sadness,  sad,  serious,  grave, 
mournful,  melancholy,  solemn,  triste. 

Pentagonal,  a.  Five-angled,  five-cornered,  five- 
sided,  pentangular,  pentagonous. 

Pentecost,  «•    Whitsuntide,  Whit-Sunday,  pinxter. 

Pent-house,  «•     Lean-to. 

Pent-roof,  «.     Shed-roof. 

Penult,  n.  Penultima,  penultimate,  last  syllable 
but  one,  penultimate  syllable. 

Penultimate,}'*-     See  Penult. 

PentirlOUS,  a.  I.  Niggard,  scant)',  insufficient, 
inadequate,  meagre,  ill-provided,  poor,  stinted. 

2.  Parsimonious,  covetous,  avaricious,  illiberal, 
miserly,  niggardly,  sordid,  mercenary,  close, 
stingy,  mean,  close-fisted,  hard-fisted,  grasping, 
near. 

Penury,  «.  Indigence,  destitution,  extreme  pov- 
erty, want,  need. 

People,  n.     I.   Tribe,  nation,  race,  clan,  family. 

2.  Population,  folks,  persons,  the  public,  the 
community,  the  bulk  of  mankind. 

3.  Commonalty,  populace. 

4.  Rabble,  mob,  the  vulgar,  vulgar  herd, 
lower  classes,  humbler  classes,  the  multitude,  the 
million,  the  many,  the  crowd,  the  masses,  ca- 
naille. 

5.  Persons,  men,  folks  {colloq.). 
People,  V.  a.     Populate. 

Pepper-grass,  «.     I.   Pill-wort  {PHularia  glohu- 
lifera). 
2.   Pepper-wort  (Lepidium  sativum). 

Pepperidge,  «.  Tupelo,  sour  gum,  sour  gum-tree 
(JVyssa  multiflora). 

Pepperidge-bush,  «.     Barberry. 

Pepper-wort,  «.  Pepper-grass  {Lepidium  sa- 
tivum). 

Peppery,  a.  I.  Hot,  pungent,  high-seasoned,  hot 
as  pepper. 

2.  Irritable,  irascible,  touchy,  testy,  waspish, 
snappish,  snarling,  churlish,  choleric,  petulant, 
excitable,  passionate,  hasty,  quick,  like  tinder, 
like  touch-wood. 

Peptic,  a.    Dietetic. 


20 


PER 


306 


PERIL 


Per,  prep.  [L.]  By,  for,  through,  by  means 
of. 

Feradventvre,  ad.  {Rare.)  Perhaps,  perchance, 
it  may  be,  by  chance,  maybe,  haply,  mayhap, 
possibly. 

Peram'bulate,  v.  a.    Go  around,  go  about,  traverse. 

Perambulation,  «.     Round,  circuit,  tour. 

Per  annum.  [L.]  Annually,  by  the  year,  in  each 
year. 

Per  capita.  [L.]  By  heads,  by  polls,  acco:r<ling  to 
the  number  of  persons. 

Perceivable,  a.  Discernible,  cognizable,  percep- 
tible, appreciable,  sensible,  distinguishable. 

Perceive,  v.  a.  I.  See,  discover,  note,  notice, 
remark,  observe,  descry,  behold,  discern,  dis- 
tinguish. 

2.  Feel,  be  sensible  of. 

3.  Understand,    comprehend,    know,    appre- 
ciate. 

pScStU.}    tL.]    By  the  hundred. 

Perceptible,  a.  Visible,  discernible,  apparent, 
perceivable. 

Perceptibly,  ad.        Evidently,  notably. 

Perception,  «.  I.  Seeing,  discernment,  cogni- 
tion, apprehension,  recognition,  perceiving. 

2.  Perceptivity,  understanding,  apprehension, 
comprehension,  discernment,  feeling. 

3.  Sensation,  sense,  feeling. 
Perch,  n.     I.   Pole,  staff,  rod. 

2.  Roost. 

3.  Elevated  position,  height. 

4.  Pole,  rod,  5J  yards. 

5.  Rod,  tJc  of  an  acre. 

6.  ^Arch.)    Bracket,  console. 
Perch,  V.  n.     Roost,  sit  on  a  perch. 
Perchance,   ad.      Perhaps,   possibly,   by  chance, 

haply,  maybe,  it  may  be,  as  luck  may  have  it, 
peradventure,  mayhap. 

Perchers,  «•  //.     Insessores,  perching  birds. 

Percolate,  v.  n.  Filter,  transude,  ooze,  exude, 
strain,  drain. 

Percolation,  «.     Filtration,  straining. 

Per  contra.   [L  ]    On  the  contrary. 

Per  curiam.   [L.]     By  the  court. 

Percussion,   «.      I.   Collision,  clash,  shock,  con- 
cussion, encounter,  crash. 
2.   Vibratory  shock. 

Percussion-cap, «.    Capsule. 

Percussion-powder,  «.  Fulminating  powder,  de- 
tonating powder. 

Per  diem.   [L.]    By  the  day. 

Perdition,  ».     I.  Ruin,  destruction,  overthrow, 
wreck,  downfall,  utter  loss,  demolition. 
2.   Eternal  death,  future  misery. 

Perdu,    I  a.     Lost  to  sight,  hid,  concealed,  in  con- 

Perdue,  )      cealment. 

Peregrination,  n.  Travelling,  travel,  wandering, 
roaming,  tour. 

Peremptorily,  ad.  Absolutely,  positively,  de- 
cisively. 

Peremptoriness,  «.  Positiveness,  dogmatism, 
decision. 

Peremptory,  a.  I.  Decisive,  express,  authorita- 
tive, categorical,  imperative,  positive,  absolute, 
imperious. 

2.  Resolute,  determined,  resolved. 

3.  Dogmatical,  arbitrary. 

4.  {Law.)    Final,  determinate. 
Perennial,  «.     Lasting,  enduring,  permanent,  con- 
stant, continual,  uninterrupted,  undying,  unceas- 
ing, ceaseless,  perpetual,  imperishable,  deathless, 
never-failing,  unfailing,  immortal. 

Perfect,  a.     I.    Finished,  completed. 

2,  Full,  complete,  entire,  whole. 

3.  Complete,  consummate,   excellent,  capital, 
exquisite,  faultless. 


4.  Skilled,  disciplined,  accomplished,  expert, 
fully  informed. 

o.   Pure,  holy,  blameless,  faultless,  without  sin, 
immaculate,  unblemished,  spotless. 
6.    Sound,  faultless. 
Perfect,  v.  a.     I.    Finish,  complete,  consummate, 
elaborate,  make  perfect,  bring  to  perfection. 

2.   Accomplish,    instruct   fully,   make   skilful, 
make  expert,  finish. 
Perfection,   «.      I.    Perfectness,    maturity,    com- 
pletion, consummation,  wholeness,  excellence. 
2.   Excellent  quality,  beauty,  excellence. 
Perfectly,  ad.     I.    Exquisitely,  consummately. 

2.  Fully,  entirely,  totally,  completely,  alto- 
gether, thoroughly. 

3.  Exactly,  accurately. 

Perfectness,  «.     I.   Perfection,   excellence,  com- 
pleteness, completion. 
2.    Excellence,  highest  virtue. 

Perfidious,  a.  I.  Faithless,  unfaithful,  venal, 
treacherous,  false,  dishonest,  disloyal,  double- 
faced,  traitorous,  false-hearted,  deceitful,  un- 
trustworthy. 

2.  Treacherous,  traitorous,  false,  disloyal,  dis- 
honest. 

3.  Perjured,  forsworn,  faithless,  false. 
Perfidionsness,  ».     See  Perfidy. 

Perfidy,  «.  Perfidiousness,  treachery,  faithless- 
ness, infidelity,  traitorousness,  treason,  defection, 
disloyalty,  breach  of  faith,  foul  play,  Punic 
faith. 

Perforate,  v.  a.  Pierce,  penetrate,  bore,  drill, 
bore  through,  puncture. 

Perforation,  «.     I.   Perfusion,  piercing. 
2.   Hole,  aperture,  opening,  orifice. 

Perforce,  ad.  By  force,  by  violence,  violently, 
of  necessity,  absolutely,  by  compulsion,  forcibly. 

Perform,  v.  a.  I.  Do,  execute,  effect,  accom- 
plish, achieve,  compass,  bring  about,  bring  to 
pass,  work  out,  transact. 

2.  Observe,  fulfil,  meet,  discharge,  satisfy, 
complete,  adhere  to,  be  faithful  to,  comply  with, 
act  up  to,  execute. 

3.  Act,  represent,  play,  sustain  a  part,  support 
a  character. 

4.  Play,  execute. 

Performance,  n.  I.  Accomplishment,  execution, 
completion,  doing,  consummation,  achievement. 

2.  Action,  deed,  act,  achievement,  exploit, 
feat,  work. 

3.  Composition,  literary  work,  production, 
work. 

4.  Acting,  exhibition  of  character  on  the  stage, 
entertainment,  exhibition,  play,  representation. 

5.  Playing,  execution. 

Performer,  «.  I.  Doer,  operator,  executor, 
agent. 

2.  Actor,  player,  stage-player. 

3.  Musician,  player. 

Perfume,    «.      I.   Fragrance,  balminess,    aroma, 

redolence,  incense,  pleasing  scent,  grateful  odor, 

sweetness  of  smell,  bouquet. 
2.   Sweet-smelling  substance. 
Perfume,  v.  a.     Scent,  impregnate  or  imbue  with 

grateful  odor. 
Perfumery,  n.    Perfumes. 
Perfunctory,  a.     Indifferent,    careless,   slovenly, 

heedless,  reckless,  negligent,  slight,  mechanical, 

unmindful,  thoughtless. 
Perhaps,    ad.      Perchance,    possibly,    haply,    by 

chance,  maybe,  it  may  be,  as  luck  may  have  it, 

peradventure. 
Pericarp,   «.     {Boi.)    Capsule,  pod,  seed-vessel, 

ripened  ovary. 
Peril,  «.     Danger,  hazard,  jeopardy,  risk.' 
Peril,    V.   a.     Risk,   endanger,    imperil,    jeopard, 

hazard,  put  in  danger,  expose  to  danger. 


PERILOUS 


307 


PERSIFLAGE 


Ferflons,  a.    Dangerous,  hazardous,  full  of  danger, 

fraught  with  danger,  full  of  risk. 
Periodt  n.     I,    Circuit. 

2.  Cycle,  circle  of  time,  revolution  of  time, 
round  of  years. 

3.  Time,  term,  era,  ef)och,  age,  date. 

4.  Duration,  continuance. 

5.  End,  limit,  bound,  termination,  conclusion, 
determination. 

6.  {Rket.)     Sentence    {Jitll   or    completed)^ 
proposition,  phrase,  clause. 

7.  (.Gram.)    Dot,  full  stop. 

PeriSdi^j''-  Recurring  (r,^ar/>-). 
Periodica^  «.  Magazine,  review,  serial. 
Periodically,  ad.     Regularly,  statedly,  at  stated 

times,  at  regular  times,  at  fixed  periods. 
Peripatetic,     a.     I.   Itinerant,    walking    about, 
wandering. 

2.   Aristotelian,  of  Aristotle. 
Peripatetic,  «.     I.    Disciple  of  Aristotle. 

2.    Pedestrian,  walker  {ludicrously). 
Periphery,  «•     I.   Outside,  surface,  superficies. 

2.  Perimeter,  outer  boundary. 

3.  Circumference. 

Periphrase,  «.     Circumlocution,  circuit  of  words, 

roundabout  expression,  periphrasis. 
Periphrasis,  «.    [L.]    See  Periphrase. 
Periphrastic,      )  a.     Circumlocutory,  roundabout, 
Periphrastlcal,  J      indirect,  going  round. 
Perish,  v.  n.     I.  Decay,  waste,  wither,  shrivel, 

moulder. 

2.  Pass  away,  be  destroyed,  be  ruined,  be  lost, 
come  to  nought,  go  to  destruction. 

3.  Die,  expire,  decease,  cease  to  exist,   lose 
life,   pass  away. 

Perishable,  a.     I.  Destructible,  decaying,  liable 
to  decay. 
2.   Dying,  mortal,  frail. 

Perish  with  cold.     Freeze. 

Perish  with  hanger.    Starve,  famish. 

Periwig,  «.     Wig,  peruke,  scratch. 

Perjured,  a.  Forsworn,  perfidious,  false,  treach- 
erous, traitorous,  lost  to  shame. 

Perjure  one's  self.  Forswear  one's  self,  swear 
falsely,  take  a  false  oath,  bear  false  witness, 
break  one's  word,  break  one's  faith,  play  false. 

Perjury,  «.     False  swearing. 

Perk,  V.  a.    Dress,  prank,  make  trim,  make  smart. 

Perk,  V.  n.     I.   Be  perk,  be  proud,  be  perky,  be 
smart. 
2.   Peer,  look  narrowly,  look  sharply,  scan. 

Perk,  a.  Pert,  trim,  smart,  brisk,  airy,  jaunty, 
vain,  perky. 

Perkln^f,  a.     Sharp,  inquisitive,  keen. 

Perk  up.  Cheer  up,  brighten  up,  bear  up,  take 
heart,  cast  away  care. 

Perky,  a.     Perk,  trim,  jaunty,  airy. 

Permanence,  t  n.     Duration,  durability,   lasting- 

Pennanency, )  ness,  continuance,  fixedness,  sta- 
bility. 

Permanent,  a.  Lasting,  abiding,  fixed,  enduring, 
continuing,  durable,  stable,  steadfast,  unchange- 
able, unchanging,  immutable,  perpetual,  invari- 
able, constant,  persistent. 

Permeable,  a.     Pervious,  penetrable,  pervadible. 

Permissible,  a.  Allowable,  admissible,  sufferable, 
lawful,  legal,  legitimate,  proper. 

Permission,  «.  Leave,  license,  liberty,  allowance, 
consent,  permit,  warrant,  authorization,  permit- 
tance. 

Permissive,  a.     I.   Permitting,  allowing,  grant- 
ing. 
2.   Granted,  suffered. 

Permit,   v.    a.      I.    Allow,   let,    suffer,    tolerate, 
endure,   put  up  with. 
2.   Empower,  authorize,  warrant,  give  permis- 


sion   to,  give  leave  to,   give  carte-blanche  to, 
grant,  admit,  license,  consent  to. 

Permit,  v.  n.     Allow. 

Permit,  n.  Leave,  license,  permission,  liberty, 
warrant. 

Permittance,  «.     Allowance,  permission. 

Permutable,  a.     Exchangeable. 

Permutation,  n.  Exchange,  mutual  transference, 
change. 

PernidouS,  a.  I.  Hurtful,  harmful,  deleterious, 
injurious,  detrimental,  baneful,  baleful,  prejudi- 
cial, noxious,  noisome,  mischievous,  damaging, 
disadvantageous,  destructive,  ruinous,  tatal, 
deadly,  malign. 

2.  Malicious,  wicked,  evil-hearted,  malignant, 
malign,  mischievous,  mischief-making,  malevo- 
lent. 

Perorate,  v.  «.     Speechify,  spout,  harangue. 

Perpendicular,  a.  I.  Vertical,  upright,  pointing 
to  the  zenith. 

2.  At  right  angles,  making  a  right  angle, 
normal. 

Perpetrate,  v.  a.  Do  (as  something  iase), 
commit,  perform,  execute,  be  guilty  ofT 

Perpetration,  «.  Commission  (as  of  a  crime), 
doing,   performing. 

Perpetual,  a.  Endless,  unending,  everlasting, 
eternal,  ever-during,  ceaseless,  unceasing,  con- 
tinual, incessant,  unintermitted,  uninterrupted, 
constant,  interminable,  perennial,  never-ceasing, 
never-failing,  unfailing,  enduring,  permanent, 
sempiternal. 

Perpetuate,  v.  a.     Eternize,  make  perpetual. 

Perpetuity,  n.  Eternity,  endless  duration,  con- 
tinued existence,  uninterrupted  existence,  per- 
ennity,  sempiternity.  everlastingness. 

Perplex,  v.  a.  I.  Entangle,  tangle,  complicate, 
involve,  snarl,  make  intricate,  make  difficult, 
encumber. 

2.  Embarrass,  puzzle,  distract,  pose,  bewilder, 
beset,  mystify,  confuse,  confound,  pother. 

3.  Plague,  vex,  harass,  tease,  molest,  trouble, 
annoy,  disturb,  worry,  pester,  embarrass,  bother. 

Perplexing,  a.  Troublesome,  puzzling,  embar- 
rassing, bewildering,  confusing,  difficult,  intricate. 

Perplexity,  ».  I.  Intricacy,  intricateness,  com- 
plexity, obscurity,  hardness,  complication,  in- 
volution, unintelligibility,  entanglement. 

2.  Concern,  care,  anxiety,  solicitude,  trouble, 
embarrassment,  distraction,  doubt,  confusion, 
bewilderment. 

3.  Embarrassment,  difficulty,  strait,  hobble, 
pickle,  critical  situation,  plight,  predicament, 
dilemma,  quandary,  pass,  pinch,  scrape. 

Perpotation,  «.   Drinking-bout,  debauch,  carouse. 

Perron,  «.  (Arch.)  External  stair,  doorsteps, 
stoop. 

Per  saltum.   [L.]     By  a  leap,  by  a  jump. 

Per  se.   [L.]     By  itself,  alone,  apart. 

Persecute,  v.  a.  I.  Oppress,  harass,  afflict, 
molest,  distress,  worry,  hunt  down,  run  down, 
pursue  malignantly,  drive  from  pillar  to  post, 
mjure  persistently. 

2.  Harass,  solicit,  importune,  annoy,  tease, 
worry,  pester. 

Perseides,  «.  pi.     August  meteors. 

Perseverance,  «.  Steadiness,  persistence,  per* 
sistency,  constancy,  steadfastness,  resolution, 
indefatigableness. 

Persevere,  v.  «.  Persist,  be  steady,  continue,  be 
steadfast,  be  constant,  go  on,  keep  on,  hold  on, 
keep  one's  course,  keep  one's  ground,  maintain 
one's  ground,  stick  to  it,  not  give  it  up,  stand 
firm,  stand  fast,  move  heaven  and  earth,  go 
through  fire  and  water,  go  all  lengths,  stick  at 
nothing. 

Persiflage,  «.    [Fr.]    Banter,  raillery,    ridicule. 


PERSIFLEUR 


308 


PERVERSE 


jeering,  mockery,   quizzing,  joking,  pleasantry, 

frivolous  talk. 
Persitleur,  «.     Quiz,  banterer. 
Persist,  v.  «.     I.   Continue,  remain,  last,  endure. 
2.   Persevere,  be  steadfast. 

pSteScyj«-     I.   See  Perseverance. 

2.  Obstinacy,  contumacy,  doggedness,  stub- 
bornness, perverseness,  pertinacity,  obduracy, 
headiness,  pig-headedness. 

3.  Continuance,  continuation. 
Persistent,   a.     Persevering,   constant,   enduring, 

tenacious,  fixed,  immovable,  persistive,  persist- 
ing, steady. 
Person,  «.     I.   Individual,  one,  somebody,  some 
one. 

2.  Body,  bodily  substance,  bodily  form, 
human  frame,  living  body. 

3.  Character,  part,  rdle. 

4.  Moral  agent,  living  soul,  self-conscious 
being. 

5.  Human  being,  human  creature. 
Personable,    a.       Graceful,    good-looking,     well- 
appearing,  comely,  seemly,  well-favored. 

Personage,  «.     l.    Individual,  person. 

2.  Person  of  rank,  great  person,  illustrious 
person. 

3.  Exterior  appearance,  stature,  air. 

4.  Character  assumed,  disguise. 

5.  Character  represented,  impersonation. 
Personal,  a.     I.    Individual,  private,  special. 

2.  Corporal,  exterior,  physical,  material. 
Personality,  «.      I.    Individuality,  distinct  exist- 
ence 

2.   Personal  criticism,  remark,  reflection,  allu- 
sion, animadversion,  stricture,  <7r  exception. 
Personally,  ad.       I.     Individually,   as    to    one's 
person. 

2.  In  person,  by  bodily  presence. 

3.  Particularly. 

Personate,  v.  a.  I.  Play,  act,  act  the  part  of,  take 
the  part  of,  assume  the  character  of,  imitate, 
represent,  impersonate. 

2.  Disguise,  mask. 

3.  Counterfeit,  feign,  simulate. 
Personation,  «.      Representation,  acting,  simula- 
tion. 

Personification, «.    (Rhet.)    I.   Prosopopoeia. 
2.    Embodiment,  impersonation. 

Personify,  v.  a.  Impersonate,  ascribe  personal 
qualities  to. 

Perspective,  «.     Vista,  prospect,  view. 

Perspicacious,  a.  l.  Quick-sighted,  sharp- 
sighted,  keen-sighted. 

2.  Discerning,  acute,  keen,  sagacious,  shrewd, 
clear-sighted,  keen-sighted,  sharp-witted,  keen- 
witted, long-headed,  eagle-eyed,  penetrating. 

Perspicaciousness,  «.     See  Perspicacity. 

Perspicacity,  n.  I.  Quick-sightedness,  acuteness 
of  sight. 

2.  Perspicaciousness,  acuteness,  sharpness, 
shrewdness,  discernment,  penetration,  sagacity, 
astuteness,  insight,  acumen. 

Perspicuity,  «.  Clearness,  lucidness,  lucidity, 
transparency,  plainness,  intelligibility,  perspicu- 
ousness,  distinctness,  explicitness. 

Perspicuous,  a.  Clear,  lucid,  plain,  transparent, 
intelligible,  distinct,  explicit,  unequivocal,  obvi- 
ous. 

Perspicuousness,  n.     See  Perspicuity. 

Perspiration,  «.    I.   Exudation,  sweating. 
2.   Sweat. 

Perspire,  v.  n.    Sweat. 

Persuade,  v.  a,    I.   Induce,  influence,  lead,  incite, 
impel,  actuate,  move,  entice,  allure,  prevail  upon, 
bring  over,  win  over,  bring  round. 
2.   Advise,  counsel,  try  to  influence. 


3.  Convince,  satisfy  by  proof  or  evidence. 

4.  Inculcate  by  argument,  teach. 
Persuasion,  ».     I.   Influence,  inducement,  incite- 
ment, suasion,  bringing  over. 

2.  Conviction,  belief,  opinion. 

3.  Conviction,  creed,  belief,  doctrine,  tenet, 
dogma,  way  of  thinking,  system  of  opinions. 

Persuasive,  a.  Convincing,  cogent,  logical,  valid, 
sound,  weighty,  inducing,  persuasory. 

Persuasive,  «.  Inducement,  incitement,  exhorta- 
tion. 

Pert,  a.  I.  Lively,  brisk,  smart,  dapper,  nimble, 
sprightly,  perk. 

2.  Saucy,  forward,  bold,  impertinent,  impu- 
dent, flippant,  free,  presuming,  malapert. 

Pertain  to.  I.  Belong  to,  appertain  to,  be  the 
property  of. 

2.  Behoove,  befit,  beseem,  be  incumbent  on, 
be  the  duty  of,  devolve  on. 

3.  Regard,  concern,  relate  to,  refer  to,  answer 
to,  have  relation  to. 

Pertinacious,  a.  I.  Constant,  steady,  firm,  deter- 
mined, resolute,  steadfast,  stanch. 

2.  Stubborn,  obstinate,  dogged,  wilful,  mulish, 
unyielding,  intractable,  headstrong,  perverse, 
wayward,  inflexible. 

Pertinaciousness,  «.     See  Pertinacity. 

Pertinacity,  «.  I.  Resolution,  determination, 
steadiness,  constancy,  inflexibility,  firmness^  per- 
severance, persistence,  persistency,  pertmacy, 
tenacity  of  purpose. 

2.  Stubbornness,  obstinacy,  wilfulness,  dog- 
gedness, headiness,  mulishness,  persistence, 
persistency. 

Pertinence,   I  «.      Fitness,  appropriateness,  rele- 

Pertinency,  I  vancy,  appositeness,  suitableness, 
applicability,  propriety,  patness. 

Pertinent,  a.  I.  Fit,  appropriate,  suitable,  rele- 
vant, apposite,  adapted,  applicable,  pat,  proper, 
to  the  point,  to  the  purpose. 

2.  Regarding,  concerning,  belonging,  pertain- 
ing, appurtenant. 

Pertly,  ad.  I.  Briskly,  smartly,  roundly, 
promptly. 

2.  Saucily,  boldly,  impudently,  flippantly,  im- 
pertinently. 

Pertness,  n.  I.  Briskness,  smartness,  sprightli- 
ness,  liveliness. 

2.  Sauciness,  forwardness,  impertinence,  im- 
pudence, flippancy. 

Perturl),   v.  a.      I.     Disquiet,  trouble,    agitate, 
disturb. 
2.  Disorder,  confuse. 

Pertur1)ation,  n.  I.  Disturbance,  disorder,  con- 
fusion, commotion. 

2.  Agitation,  trepidation,  disquiet,  uneasiness, 
excitement,  discomposure,  worry,  vexation,  rest- 
lessness, commotion. 

3,  Cause  of  disquiet. 

Perturbed,  a.  Disturbed,  disquieted,  distressed, 
agitated,  discomposed,  excited,  worried,  vexed. 

Peruke,  «•     Wig,  periwig,  scratch,  perruque. 

Perusal,  «.     Reading. 

Peruse,  v.  a.     I.    Read. 

2.  Observe,  examine,  scrutinize,  consider, 
inspect. 

Peruvian  bark.  Cinchona,  Jesuit's  bark,  Cin- 
chona bark. 

Pervade,  v.  a.  I.  Permeate,  penetrate,  pas* 
through. 

2.  Overspread,  fill,  run  through,  be  diffused 
through,  be  disseminated  through,  extend 
through,  afiiect  entirely. 

Perverse,  a.  I.  Distorted  ^rom  the  right),  bad, 
perverted. 

2.  Obstinate,  stubborn,  wilful,  dogged,  mul- 
ish, untractable,  unyielding,  headstrong,  pertina- 


PERVERSENESS 


309 


PHILANDER 


dous,  wayward,  ungovernable,  froward,  pervi- 
cacious. 

3.  Cross,  petulant,  peevish,  waspish,  captious, 
snappish,  touchy,  testy,  crusty,  churlish,  crabbed, 
froward,  morose,  surly,  snarling,  ill-tempered, 
ill-natured,  spieeny,  spiteful. 

4.  Untoward,  vexatious,  troublesome,  incon- 
venient. 

Perverseness,  «.  I.  Obstinacy,  stubbornness, 
wilfulness,  waywardness,  perversity. 

2.  Petulance,  peevishness,  churlishness,  mo- 
roseness,  surliness,  ill-temper,  perversity. 

Perversion,  «.  Impairment,  injury,  vitiation,  cor- 
ruption, debasement,  prostitution,  abasement. 

Perversity,  «.     See  Perverseness. 

Pervert,  v.  a.  I.  Distort,  stretch,  falsify,  make 
an  ill  use  of,  misinterpret. 

2.  Entice,  tempt,  corrupt. 

3.  Convert,  proselyte. 
Pervert,  «.    Apostate,  proselyte. 
Pervious,  a.     Permeable,  penetrable. 

Pestf  «.  I.  Plague,  pestilence,  infection,  fatal 
epidemic,  infectious  disease. 

2.  Bane,  scourge,  curse,  infliction,  nuisance, 
great  annoyance,  plague. 

P^er,  V.  a.  I.  Disturb,  annoy,  harass,  provoke, 
nettle,  trouble,  plague,  vex,  tease,  hector,  harry, 
molest,  bother,  worry,  fret,  gall,  bore,  incom- 
mode, disquiet,  infest,  torment,  badger,  chafe, 
irritate. 
2.  Crowd,  infest,  encumber,  fill. 

Pest-house,  «.     Lazar-house,  hospital,  lazaretto. 

Pestiferous,  a.  I.  Pestilential,  infectious,  con- 
tagious, pest-bearing,  infected,  malignant,  mor- 
bific. 

2.  Noxious,  mischievous,  venomous,  malig- 
nant, vexatious,  troublesojne,  malign,  injurious, 
destructive. 

Pestilence,  «.     I.  Plague,  pest. 

2.  Plague,  pest,  infectious  disease,  contagious 
disease,  fatal  epidemic. 

Pestilent,  a.  I.  Pestilential,  contagious,  infectious, 
malignant. 

2.  Mischievous,  noxious,  evil»  injurious,  ma- 
lign, deadly. 

3.  Troublesome,  mischievous,  corrupt,  perni- 
cious, vexatious. 

Pestilential,  a.  I.  Infectious,  contagious,  catch- 
ing, malignant,  poisonous,  pestilent. 

2.  Pestiferous,  pest-beanng. 

3.  Mischievous,  destructive,  ruinous,  deadly, 
pernicious. 

Pet,  «.     I.   Fondling,  darling,  favorite. 

2.  Angry  mood,  fit  of  peevishness,  miff  {foUoq. ). 

Pet,  a.     Favorite,  especially  liked,  petted. 

Pet,  V-  a.     Fondle,  indulge,  caress,  make  much  of. 

Peter-pence,  «.     Rome-scot,  Peter's  pence. 

Peter's  fish.    Haddock. 

Petiole,  n.    {Bot.)    Leaf-stalk. 

Petition,  «.  Request,  prayer,  supplication,  en- 
treaty, suit,  solicitation,  application,  appeal, 
address. 

Petition,  v.  a.  Entreat,  pray,  supplicate,  solicit, 
crave,  ask,  beg,  apply  to,  make  application  to, 
prefer  a  request  to. 

Petitioner,  «.  Suppliant,  solicitor,  applicant, 
suitor. 

Petitio  prlndpii.  [L.]  {Lo^.)  Beg^ngofthe 
question,  taking  for  granted  the  question  in  dis- 
pute. 

Petit-nuutre,  «.  [Fr.]  Coxcomb,  dandy,  fop, 
beau,  exquisite,  popinjay,  jackanapes,  jack-a- 
dandy,  man  of  dress ;   vain,  showy  fellow. 

Petrify,  v.  a.  I.  Change  to  stone,  convert  to 
stone. 

2.  Make  callous,  make  obdurate. 

3.  Astonish,  amaze,  astound,  dumfound,  con- 


found, stupefy,  take  by  surprise,  strike  dumb, 
stun. 

Petroleum,  «.  Rock  oil,  mineral  oil,  mineral 
pitch,  mineral  tar,  stone  oil,  Barbadoes  tar, 
Seneca  oil. 

Petticoat,  «.     Skirt,  woman's  skirt. 

Petticoat  government.  Female  government, 
female   home   rule. 

Pettifogger,  n.     Petty  lawyer. 

Petdsh,  a.     Peevish,  fretful,  petulant,  testy. 

Petty,  a.      I.    Little,  small,  trifling,  trivial,  frivo- 
lous, inconsiderable,   unimportant,   insigniflcant, 
slight,   diminutive,   of  small   moment,   of  small 
account. 
2.   Inferior,  unimportant. 

Petty-chaps,  «.  Fig-pecker,  fig-eater,  becafico, 
garden  warbler,  greater  petty-chaps  {Sylvia  hor- 
tens  is). 

Petulance,  «.  Peevishness,  fretfulness,  testiness, 
waspishness,  crustiness,  pettishness,  snappish- 
ness,  irritability,  ill-temper. 

Petulant,  a.  I.  Irascible,  irritable,  fretful,  peev- 
ish, hasty,  touchy,  testy,  crusty,  pettish,  wasp- 
ish, choleric,  snappish,  snarling,  cross,  crabbed, 
captious,  censorious,  acrimonious,  perverse,  fro- 
ward, ill-tempered,  out  of  sorts,  cavilling,  ill- 
humored. 
2.  Wanton,  freakish,  capricious. 

Pew.  ft.     Slip. 

Pewit,  n.  [Written  also  Pewet  and  Peevit.\ 
Lapwing,  green  plover,  bastard  plover,  wypo 
{Tringa  vanellus). 

Phalansterianism,  «.  Fourierism,  socialism,  hu- 
manitarianism,  Saint-Simonianism. 

Phantasm,  n.      I.  Vision  {/ancitd),  appearance, 
apparition,  phantom,  illusion. 
2.    Idea,  notion,  fancy. 

Phantasmagoria,  n.    I.  Magic  lantern,  phantas- 
magory. 
2.    Illusive  images,  optical  illusions. 

Phantasmal,       ) 

Phantasmalian,  [  a.    Spectral,  illusive,  dreamy. 

Phantasmatical, ) 

Phantom,  n.     I.  Spectre,  apparition,  vision,  airy 
spirit,  ghosL 
2.    Manikin. 

Phantom-like,  a.     Spectral. 

Phantom  ship.     Flying  Dutchman. 

Pharaoh,  n.      I.    Hebrew  name  of  the  ancient 
Egyptian  monarch. 
2.    Faro,  pharaon. 

Pharaoh's  chicken.    Egyptian  vulture. 

Pharaoh's  rat.     Ichneumon. 

Pharisaic,     )    a.      Sanctimonious,    hypocritical, 

Pharisaical, )      formal. 

Pharisaism,  n.  Hypocrisy,  formalism,  sancti- 
moniousness, cant,  pietism,  phariseeism,  as- 
sumed niety,  false  piety. 

Phariseeism,  «.     See  Pharisaism. 

Pharmaceutics,  «.     Pharmacy. 

Pharmaceutist,  n.  Apothecary,  pharmacopo* 
list. 

Pharmacist, «.    Drupgist. 

Pharmacon,  n.     I.   Medicine,  drug. 
2.    Poi.son. 

Pharmacopoeia,  n.     Dispensatory. 

Pharmacopolist,  «.     Apothecary,  druggist. 

Pharos,  «.     Lighthouse,  watch-tower,  beacon. 

Phascolomys,  «.  Wombat,  phascolome  i^Phasco- 
lomys  urstnus). 

Phase,  «.  Appearance  (as  ofttu  moon  or  a  flatu()y 
aspect,  phasis. 

Phenomenon,  «.  [//.  Phenomena.^  I.  Appear- 
ance, manifestation,  what  is  seen  (as  distinguished 
from  i*s  essence  or  substance). 

2,    Prodigy,  wonder,  marvel,  miracle. 

Philander,  v-  n.    Coquet,  flirt,  make  love,  make  a 


PHILANTHROPIC 


310 


PICKEDNESS 


show  of  love,  affect  to  be  in  love,  play  at  court- 
ship, pretend  admiration,  dally. 

Philanthropic,      I  a.      Benevolent,   kind,   benig- 

Fhilanthropical,  j  naut,  gracious,  humane,  lov- 
ing mankind. 

Philanthropy,  n.  Humanity,  love  of  mankind, 
general  benevolence,  good-will  to  all  men,  uni- 
versal good-will,  large-heartedness,  public-spir- 
itedness. 

Philibeg,  «.    [Written  also  Fillibeg\.     Kilt. 

Philippic,  n.     Invective. 

Philister,  «.     Commonplace  person,  philistine. 

Philistine,  «.  Commonplace  person,  prosaic  man, 
practical  man,  utilitarian,  mediocre  person,  nar- 
row-minded man. 

philology,  «.  I.  Love  of  learning,  love  of  litera- 
ture, love  of  letters. 

2.  Study  of  language,  study  of  literature. 

3.  Criticism,  grammatical  learning. 

4.  Science  of  language,  linguistic  science, 
linguistics. 

Philomath,  «.     Scholar,  lover  of  learning. 
Philomel,     )   «.       Nightingale    {Luscmia  pkilo- 

Philomela, )      mela). 

PhilOSOphe,  «.  Philosopher,  petty  philosopher, 
puny  philosopher  {jtsed  in  contempt). 

Philosopher,  «.  I.  Searcher  after  truth,  student 
of  first  principles,  seeker  of  wisdom. 

2.  Theorist,  theorizer,  man  of  abstractions, 
speculator. 

HS^SSU.!-     I-  Of  philosophy. 

2.  Of  a  philosopher,  of  philosophers. 

3.  Wise,  rational,  reasonable,  sound. 

4.  Calm,  cool,  collected^  composed,  unruffled, 
sedate,  serene,  tranquil,  imperturbable,  stoical, 
Platonic. 

5.  Temperate,  frugal,  abstemious. 
Philosophy,   n.      I.     Science   of   causes  or  first 

principles,  science  of  the  absolute,  the  science  of 
sciences. 

2.  Principles  {o/  any  department  of  knowl- 
edge)^ laws. 

3.  Hypothesis,  theory,  system,  doctrine. 

4.  Stoicism,  practical  wisdom,  equanimity. 

5.  Reasoning,  argumentation. 

Philosophy  of  the  academy.      Philosophy  of 

Plato,  Platonic  philosophy. 

Philosophy  of  the  garden.  Philosophy  of  Epi- 
curus, Epicurean  philosophy. 

Philosophy  of  the  lyceum.  Philosophy  of  Aris- 
totle, peripatetic  philosophy. 

Philosophy  of  the  porch.  Philosophy  of  Zeno 
and  the  Stoics,  Stoical  philosophy. 

Philter,  «.     Love  potion,  love  charm. 

Phiz,  «.  [Humorously  so  used.'.  Face,  visage, 
countenance,  physiognomy,  phiznomy.  _ 

Phlebotomy,  «.     Venesection,  blood-letting. 

Phlegm,  n.     I,   Mucus,  excrementitious  humor. 
2.  Apathy,  insensibility,  dulness,  indifference, 
coldness,  sluggishness. 

Phlegmatic,  a.  Apathetic,  stoical,  dull,  sluggish, 
tame,  cold,  frigid,  unfeeling,  unsusceptible,  im- 
passible, impassive,  indifferent,  cold-blooded, 
heavy. 

Phoebus,  n.    Apollo,  Sol,  sun,  god  of  day,  Helios. 

Phoenix,  «.     Paragon,  nonesuch,  nonpareil. 

PhSS&,}-     Phonic,  phonical. 
Phonetics,  «.     Phonics,  phonology. 
Phonical  I  "'     P*^*'"^*''^'  pertaining  to  sound. 
Phonology,  n.     Phonetics,  phonics. 
Phosphorescent,    a.       Phosphoric,    phosphorical, 

luminous,  without  heat. 
Phosphorus,  «.      {Poetical.)     The  morning  star, 

Lucifer,  Venus,  Phosphor. 


Phrase,  «.  I.  Expression  informing  part  of  a 
sentence),  brief  expression. 

2.  Idiom,  peculiar  expression,  turn  of  expres- 
sion. 

3.  Style,  diction,  phraseology,  manner  of  ex- 
pression,  mode  of  speech. 

Phrase,  v.  a.  Call,  name,  style,  term,  denominate, 
entitle,  designate,  christen,  dub. 

Phraseology,  «.  Diction,  style,  phrase,  expres- 
sion, language,  manner  of  expression,  mode  of 
speech. 

Phrenitis,  «.    [L.]    (Med.)     I.   Inflammation  of 
the  brain. 
2.  Delirium,  frenzy. 

Phrenology,  «.     Cramology,  craniognomy. 

Phrensy,  «.    See  Frenzy. 

Phthisis,  n.      (Med.)      I.    Consumption,   maras- 
mus, emaciation,  wasting,  atrophy,  decline,  tabes. 
2.   Pulmonary  consumption,  phthisic. 

Phylactery,  «.  Charm,  amulet,  talisman,  spell, 
phylecter. 

Physeter,  «.  Cachalot,  spermaceti  whale,  sperm- 
whale  (Physeter  macrocephalus). 

Physic,  n.  I.  Medicine,  medical  art,  science  of 
medicine,  art  of  healing. 

2.  Drug,  medicine,  remedy,  medicament. 

3.  Cathartic,  purge,  purgative,  drench ,  drastic, 
scourer. 

Physic,  V.  a.     I.   Purge,  drench,  scour. 

2.   Cure,  heal,  treat  with  remedies. 
Physical,  a.     I.   Material,  natural. 

2.  Pertaining  to  physics  or  natural  philoso- 
phy, natural. 

3.  External,  corporeal,  bodily,  sensible,  tangi- 
ble, substantial. 

Physician,  n.    I.  Doctor,  medical  man. 
2.   Curer,  healer. 

Physicist, «.     Natural  philosopher. 

Physics,  «.     I.   Science  of  nature. 

2.  Natural  philosophy,  science  of  energy, 
dynamics. 

Physiognomy,  n.  Face,  countenance,  visage,  cast 
of  countenance,  expression  of  countenance, 
phiznomy. 

Physiology,  «.  Science  of  life,  animal  and  vegeta- 
ble economy,  science  of  organized  beings,  science 
of  the  functions  of  animals  and  vegetables. 

Physique,  «.  Physical  structure,  organization, 
build,  constitution. 

Phytophagous,  a.     Plant-eating. 

Piano,  n.     Pianoforte. 

Picaroon,  n.    I.   Rogue,  cheat,  adventurer. 

2.  [Written  also  Pickeroon.'\  Pirate,  corsair, 
buccaneer,  freebooter,  marauder,  sea-robber,  sea- 
rover,  plunderer. 

Piccolo,  n.    fit.]    Octave  flute. 

Pick,  V.  a.     I.   Peck,  pierce,  strike  at. 

2.  Pluck,  pull  off,  pick  off,  gather. 

3.  Open  (as  a  lock). 

4.  Choose,  select,  cull,  single  out,  pick  out,  fix 
upon,  pitch  upon. 

5.  Clean,  cleanse. 

6.  Gather  up,  collect,  acquire,  get. 

7.  Rob,  snatch  thievishly. 
Pick,  V.  n.     I.   Nibble,  eat  slowly. 

2.   Steal,  pilfer. 
Pick, «.     I.   Pickaxe. 

2.  Tooth-pick. 

3.  Pike,  spike. 

4.  Choice,  right  of  selection. 
Pick  a  bone  with  one.    Quarrel. 
Pick  a  quarrel.     Quarrel  intentionally. 
Pickaxe,  n.    Pick. 

Fickback,  ad.      On  the  back,  pickaback,  picka- 
pack, like  a  pack. 
Picked,  a.     Pointed,  sharp,  piked. 
Pickedness, ».     Pointedness,  sharpness. 


PICKET 


311 


PILOT-STAR 


Picket,  n.     [Written  also  Piquet.^     I.   Stake. 

2.  Stake,  pale. 

3.  (Mil.)      Sentinel  (on  tht  outposts),  guard, 
watchman,  guardsman,  sentry. 

Pickings,  «.  pl.  Refuse,  leavings,  remnants,  re- 
mains, odds  and  ends. 

Pickle,  «.  I.  Salt  and  water  {/or  Reserving 
meat),  brine. 

2.  Vinegar  (/or  Preserving  meats  or  vegeta- 
bles). 

3.  Sorry  condition,  sad    plight,  predicament 
(colloq.). 

Pick  off.     I.   Pluck,  pick,  pull  off. 

2.    Kill,  wound  {as  a  marksman). 
Pick  out.     I.   Select,  cull,  choose,  single  out,  fix 
upon,  pitch  upon,  extract. 
2.   Mark  out,  variegate. 
Picksy,  n.     Fairy,  sprite,  pixy. 
Picktnaok,  n.     Parasite,  flatterer,  toady,  please- 

man. 
Pick  up.     I.  Take  up,  snatch. 

2.  Obtain,  get  by  effort. 

3.  Get  by  chance. 
Pictorial,  a.     I.   Illustrated. 

2.    Picturable 
Picture,  ».      I.    Painting,    drawing,    engraving, 
print. 

2.  Image,  resemblance,  semblance,   likeness, 
representation,  similitude. 

3.  Description,  representation. 

Picture,  v.  a.  Paint,  draw,  represent,  delineate, 
form  an  image  of. 

Picturesque,  a.   I.  Beautiful,  picture-like,  scenic. 
2.    Beautiful,  graphic. 

Piddle,  v.  n.  I.  [A  form  of  Peddle.^  (Rare.) 
Trifle,  act  with  levity,  be  busy  about  trifles. 

2.  (Child's  word.)    Urinate,  make  water,  void 
urine. 

Piddling,  a.  ^  Trifling,  trivial,  frivolous,  pett>r,  un- 
important, insignificant,  immaterial,  inconsidera- 
ble, worthless,  of  little  value  or  consequence,  of 
no  moment. 

Piebald,  a.  I.  Motley,  mottled,  variegated,  pied, 
party-colored,  divers-colored. 

2.   Diversified,    mixed,    heterogeneous,    mon- 
grel. 

Piece,  n.    I.  Part,  fragment,  bit,  scrap. 

2.  Portion. 

3.  Thing. 

4.  Composition,  writing,  lucubration,  literary 
production,  work. 

5.  Coin. 

6.  Gun,  fire-arm. 

7.  Paintmg,  picture. 

8.  Drama,   tragedy,  comedy,    melodrama   or 
farce 

Piece,  V.  a.    I.  Patch. 

2.  Enlarge,  add  to,  increase,  augment,  com- 
plete. 

3.  Unite,  join,  cement. 
Piecemeal,  ad.     I.    In  pieces,  in  fragments. 

2.   Part  by  part,  by  pieces,  by  little  and  little. 
Piecemeal,  a.    Single,  separate. 
Piece-work,  «.    Job-work. 

Pied,  a.     Variegated,  spotted,  party-colored,  pie- 
bald. 
Pierce,  v.  a.     I.   Transfix,  stab. 

2.  Penetrate,  enter,  force  a  way  into. 

3.  Perforate,  drill,  bore,  puncture. 

4.  Affect,  move,  touch,  strike,  thrill,  excite, 
rouse. 

Pierce,  v.  n.     Penetrate,  enter,  force  a  way. 
Piercing,  a.     I.   Penetrating,  perforating. 

2.   Sharp,  keen,  acute,  thrilling. 
Pierides,  n.  pi.     Muses,  tuneful  nme,  sacred  nine, 

tuneful  quire. 
Piety,  n.     I.   Filial  reverence. 


2.  Godliness,  religion,  devotion,  holiness,  sanc- 
tity, grace. 
Pig,  «.     I.  Young  hog. 

2.  Swine. 

3.  Pork,  swine-flesh. 

Pigeon-beny,  «•  Poke,  poke-weed,  pocan,  Vir- 
ginia poke,  garget  (Phytolacca  decandra). 

Pigeon-hearted,  a.  Timid,  timorous,  cowardly, 
soft,  gentle,  pigeon-livered. 

Pigeon-house,  «.   Columbary,  dove-cot,  pigeonry. 

Piggery,  «.     Pig-stv,  hog-sty,  pig-pen. 

Piggish,  a.     Swinish,  hoggish,  greedy. 

Pig-headed,  a.  Obstinate,  stupidly  obstinate 
foolish. 

Pigment,  «.     Paint,  color,  coloring  matter. 

Pig-nut,  n.     I.    Earth-nut  (Buniutn  jfiexuosum). 
2.   Broom  hickory,  hog-nut  (Cary a  glabra). 

Pig-pen,  n.     Piggery. 

Pig-taU,  «.     I.  Tail  of  a  pig. 

2.  Cue,  queue. 

3.  Rope  of  tobacco. 
Pigweed,  n.     Goose-foot 

hI^JSS:}-     Fairy,  elf,  sprite,  fay. 
Pike,  n.     I.  Turnpike,  toll-bar. 

2.  Spike,  point. 

3.  Halberd,  spoontoon. 

4.  {Ich.)    Luce,  true-jack. 
Piked,  a.    Acuminated,  pointed. 
Pilaster,  n.     Debased  pillar. 
Pile,  V.  a.     I.   Accumulate,  amass 

2.   Collect  or  gather  into  a  heap,  heap  up. 
Pile,  n.     I.    Heap,  mass,  collection,  accumulation. 

2.  Building,  edifice,  structure,  fabric,  erection. 

3.  Nap,  woolly  surface. 

4.  Funeral  pile. 

Pile-dwelling,  «.  Lake  dwelling,  lacustrine 
dwelling,   pilework. 

Piles,  «.//.    (Med.)    Hemorrhoids. 

Pilfer,  V.  a.     Steal  {by  petty  the/t\  filchf  purioin. 

Pilfer,  V.  n.     Steal,  thieve,  practise  petty  theft. 

Pilfering,  n.  Stealing,  thieving,  thievery,  lar- 
ceny, petty  theft,  petty  larceny,  pilfery. 

Pilgarlic,  ».  Wretch,  outcast,  Pariah,  miserable 
fellew. 

Pilgrim,  «.  I.  Traveller  (especially  on  a  religious 
errand),  wanderer,  wayfarer. 

2.  Crusader,  palmer. 

3.  Sojourner,  traveller. 

Pilgrimage,  «.  Journey  {especially  to  some  hal- 
lowed place),  expedition,  tour,  excursion. 

Pillage,  «.     I.    Spoliation,  depredation,   destruc- 
tion, devastation,  plundering,  rapine. 
2.   Plunder,  booty,  spoil,  prey. 

Pillage,  V.  a.  Plunder,  spoil,  despoil,  sack,  strip, 
rifle. 

Pillar,  n.  I.  Column,  columnar  mass,  pier,  shaft, 
post. 

2.   Prop,  support,  supporter,  maintainer,  up- 
holder. 

Pillarist,  n.    Stylite,  pillar  saint 

SliM,'!"'     Pileous,  hairy. 

PiUow-Mer,  n.  [Written  also  Pillow-beer,  Pil- 
low-bear, and  Pillow-bere.'X     Pillow-case. 

Pillow-block,  «.     Plumber-block. 

Pillow-case,  «.     Pillow-slip,  pillow-bier. 

Pill-wort,  n.  Pepper-grass  {Pilularia  globu- 
li/era). 

Pilot,  «.     1.   Steersman,  helmsman. 
2.   Guide,  director,  conductor. 

Pilot,  V.  a.  Guide,  direct,  conduct,  steer,  have  or 
take  the  direction  of. 

PUot-bread,  «.     Hard-bread,  ship-biscuit. 

Pilot-fish,  n.     Rudder-fish  (Naucrates  ductor). 

Pilot-jacket,  «.     Pea-jacket. 

Pilot-Star,  «.     Guiding-star, 


PIMENTO 


312 


PITCH 


Pimento,  n.    Allspice,  Jamaica  pepper. 

Pimp,  «.     Procurer,  pander. 

Pimp,  V.  n.     Pander. 

Pimpernel,  «.  Shepherd's  hour-glass,  poor  man's 
hour-glass  {Anagallis  arvensis). 

Pimple,  n.     Blotch,  eruption,  pustule. 

Pin,  «.     I.   Peg,  bolt. 

2.   Straw  {as  something;  of  no  value),  fig,  but- 
ton, rush,  feather,  farthing,  brass  farthing,  trifle. 

Pin,  V.  a.    I.    Fasten  with  a  pin. 

2.  Fasten,  fix,  make  fast. 

3.  Shut  up,  confine,  pen,  enclose. 
Pinacotheca,  ».     Picture-gallery. 
Pinafore,  n.     Apron,  tier. 

Pincb,  V.  a.     I.    Nip,  squeeze,  compress,  gripe. 

2.  OppresSj  straiten,  distress,  afflict. 

3.  Frost,  nip,  injure  with  frost. 

4.  Press  hard,  try  thoroughly. 
Finch,  V.  n.     I.   Bear  hard. 

2.   Spare,  stint,  be  niggardly,  be  parsimonious, 
be  frugal,  economize. 
Pincb,  n.     I.   Nip,  gripe. 

2.  Gripe,  pang,  throe. 

3.  Emergency,   exigency,    crisis,   strait,  diffi- 
culty, push,  pressure,  oppression. 

4.  Crowbar,  iron  lever. 

5.  Small  quantity. 
Pinchbeck,  n.     Brummagem,  sham. 

Pinched,  a.  Distressed,  straitened,  reduced,  indi- 
gent, destitute,  needy,  poor,  necessitous,  penni- 
less, moneyless,  in  need,  in  want,  out  of  money, 
out  of  cash,  out  of  pocket. 

Pinchfist,       \  n.     Miser,    niggard,    hunks,    cur- 

Pinchpenny,  )      mudgeon,  skinflint,  screw,  scrimp. 

Pine,  V.  n-  Languish,  droop,  flag,  waste,  decay, 
waste  away,  wither. 

Pine  for.    Long  for,  yearn  for,  languish  with  desire. 

Pinfold,  n.     [Written  also  Penfold.'\    Pound,  pen. 

Pinguid,  a.  Fat,  unctuous,  greasy,  adipose,  oil}', 
oleaginous. 

Pinion,  «.     I.   Wing,  pennon. 

2.  Feather,  quill,  plume,  pen. 

3.  Fetter  {J'or  the  arms). 

Pinion,  v.  a.     Restrain  (by  binding  the  arms), 

bind,  fasten,  shackle,  fetter,  chain. 
Pink,  n.    I.   Rose-color. 

2.  {Ich.)    Minnow,  minion  {Leuciscus  phox- 
inus). 

3.  Paragon,  model,  perfection,  beau  ideal. 
Pink,  V.  a.     I.   Scallop,  embroider. 

2.   Stab,  pierce,  wound. 
Pinnacle,  «.     I.  Turret,  minaret. 

2.   Top,   summit,  apex,  acme,  zenith,  highest 
point,  culminating  point,  utmost  height,  peak. 
Pin  one's  faith  upon.     Believe,  put  confidence  in, 

trust,  rely  upon,  take  at  one's  word. 
Pintado,  «.     Guinea-hen. 
Plnxter,   «.     [Written   also  Pingster  and  Pink- 

ster.'\    Pentecost,  Whit-Sunday,  Whitsuntide. 
Pious,  a.     I.    Filial. 

2.  Religious,    godly,    holy,    devout,    saintly, 
righteous. 
Pip,  V.  n.    Chirp  {as  a  chicken),  mewl,  peep,  pipe. 
Pipe,  n.     I.   Wind  instrument. 

2.  Tube,  conduit. 

3.  Tobacco-pipe,  clay-pipe, 

4.  Windpipe,  trachea,  weasand,  throttle. 

5.  Voice. 

6.  Bird-call,  whistle. 

7.  Butt,  cask. 

8.  [//.]   Bagpipes  {colloq.). 
Pipe,  V.  n.     I.   Play,  sound. 

2.   Whistle,  sound  shrill. 
Piped,  a.     Tubular. 
Pipe  of  peace.     Calumet. 

Piperidge,  «.  ,  I.  [Written  also  Pepper idge.\ 
Barberry. 


2.  Tupelo,  black  gum  {Nyssa  multifloni). 
Piping,  a.     I.   Whining,  feeble,  sickly,  weak. 

2.    Simmering,  boiling,  hissing. 
Pipsissewa,    «.    [Indian    name.]      Wintergreen 

{Chimaphila  umbellata). 
Piquancy,  «.     I.  Pungency,  high  flavor,  sharp- 
ness. 

2.   Sharpness,    tartness,    severity,   smartness, 
liveliness. 
Piquant,  «.     I.   Pungent,  biting,  pricking,  sting- 
ing, high-flavored,  high-seasoned,  sharp. 

2.  Racy,  lively,  sparkling,  interesting. 

3.  Sharp,  tart,  severe,  cutting,  pointed,  pun- 
gent. 

Pique,  n.     I.   Resentment   {slight),   grudge,   um- 
brage, offence,  wounded  pride,  stinging  vexation, 
displeasure,  irritation,  spite. 
2.   Point,  nicety,  punctilio. 

Pique,  V.  a.  I.  Stimulate,  incite,  urge,  instigate, 
spur,  goad,  set  on,  stir  up. 

2.  Offend,  displease,  affront,  provoke,  incense, 
irritate,  chafe,  nettle,  vex,  fret,  sting,  wound, 
give  offence  to,  give  umbrage  to,  pain. 

Pique  one's  sel£  Plume  one's  self,  take  pride, 
pride  one's  self,  value  one's  self. 

Piquet,  n.   {Mil.)    Picket. 

Piracy,  «.      I.  Robbery  on   the  high  seas,  sea 
robbery. 
2.   Literary  theft. 

Pirate,  n.  Corsair,  buccaneer,  picaroon,  free- 
booter, sea-robber,  sea-rover. 

Piratic      ) 

Piratical,  1  ^-    ^o^^'^g'  predatory. 

Pirn,  n.     I.   Bobbin,  spool,  reel,  quill. 
2.   Fishing-reel. 

Piscator,  n.     Fisherman,  angler. 

Piscatory,  a.     Angling,  fishing. 

Pisciculture,  «.     Fish-culture. 

Pish,  interj.     Pshaw. 

Pismire,  n.     Ant,  emmet. 

Pisolite,  n.     Calcareous  tufa,  pea-grit,  pea-stone. 

Pissasphalt,        l«.    [Written  also /'waj/Aa/^  and 

Pissasphaltum,  (     Pisophalt.]    Earth-pitch. 

Piston,  n.     Plunger. 

Pit,  «.     I.   Cavity,  hollow. 

2.  Indentation,  dent,  dint,  depression,  dimple. 

3.  Excavation,  hole,  cavity,  hollow,  well. 

4.  Coal-mine,  coal-pit 

5.  Vat. 

6.  Gulf,  abyss. 

7.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Hell,  pandemonium, 
bottomless  pit. 

8.  [With  The  prefixed.]    Grave,  death. 

9.  Snare,  trap,  pitfall. 
10.   Parquet,  parterre. 

Pit  against.  Set  to  fight  {as  cocks  in  a  pit),  set  in 
opposition,  match  for  a  contest,  set  together  by 
the  ears. 

Pit-a-pat,  ad.  In  a  flutter,  with  throbs,  with 
palpitation. 

Pitch,  ».     I.   Degree  of  elevation. 

2.  Degree,  measure,  extent,  range,  rate. 

3.  Height,  loftiness,  highest  rise. 

4.  Size,  stature. 

5.  Declivity,  descent,  slope,  inclination. 

6.  Degree  of  slope,  degree  of  inclination. 

7.  Throw,  toss,  cast,  jerk. 

8.  {Mus.)    Relative  height. 

Fitch,  V.  a.  I.  Throw,  cast,  fling,  hurl,  toss, 
launch,  send,  dart,  lance,  jaculate. 

2.  Set  (as  a  tent),  fix,  plant,  place,  station, 
locate,  settle,  establish. 

3.  Set,  fix  {as  price). 

Fitch,  V.  n.    I.   Fall,  plunge,  fall  headlong. 

2.  Light,  settle,  rest. 

3.  Encamp. 

4.  {Naut.)  Rise  and  fall. 


PITCH-BLACK 


313 


PLAINLY 


Pitch-blacky  a.     Black  as  pitch. 

Pitch-dark,  a.     Dark  as  pitch,  very  dark. 

Pitcher.  «.     Jug,  jar,  pot,  ewer. 

Pitch  of  an  arch.     Rise,  versed  sine. 

Pitch  npon.  Pitch  on,  choose,  select,  decide  on, 
determine  on,  fix  upon,  fix  choice. 

Pitchy,  a.  Dark,  black,  dismal,  rayless,  sunless, 
Cimmerian,  piceous 

Pit-coal,  H.     Mineral  coal. 

Piteous,  a.  I.  Sorrowful,  mournful,  woful,  dole- 
ful, rueful,  affecting,  distressing,  grievous,  mov- 
ing pity,  exciting  compassion. 

2.  Pitiable,  deplorable,  wretched,  miserable, 
deserving  pity,  to  be  pitied,  lamentable. 

3.  Compassionate,  tender. 
Pitfall,  n.     Trap,  snare. 

Pith,  ».     I.   (Aftaf.)   Marrow,  spinal  cord. 

2.  Essence,  quintessence,  substance,  gist,  soul, 
chief  part,  essential  part,  vital  part,  heart,  marrow. 

3.  Weight,  moment,  importance. 

4.  Force,  strength,  energy,  vigor. 

5.  Energy,  cogency,  force,  vigor,  closeness  of 
thought. 

Pithy,  a.     I.   Forcible,  energetic,  cogent. 

2.  Terse,  laconic,  brief,  concise,  short,  com- 
pact, pointed,  sententious,  full  of  meaning. 

Pitiable,  a.  Deplorable,  wretched,  lamentable, 
miserable,  piteous,  deserving  pity,  to  be  pitied. 

Pitiful,  a.  I.  Compassionate,  tender,  tender- 
hearted, sympathetic,  kind,  merciful,  lenient, 
mild. 

2.  Miserable,  pitiable,  wretched,  deplorable, 
lamentable. 

3.  Mean,  base,  vile,  low,  paltry,  sorry,  abject, 
rascally,  contemptible,  despicable,  insignificant, 
worthless. 

Pitiless,  a.     I.    Merciless,   hard-hearted,   unmer- 
ciful, unpitying,  relentless,  ruthless,  implacable, 
inexorable^  cruel,  unfeeling,  unsympathizing. 
2.   Unpitied. 

Pittance,  ».  I.  Allowance  («</^///y  or  fAariJfy), 
dole,  allotment,  charity,  gift. 

2.  Modicum,  trifle,  small  portion,  small  al- 
lowance. 

Pity,  ft.  I.  Compassion,  commiseration,  mercy, 
sympathy,  fellow-feeling,  fellow-suffering,  con- 
dolence, bowels  of  compassion,  melting 
mood. 

2.  Ground  of  pity,  cause  of  grief,  subject  of 
pity. 

Pity,  V.  a.  Commiserate,  conipassionate,  sym- 
pathize with,  feel  for,  have  pity  ar  compassion 
for,  feel  sorry  for,  condole  with. 

Piyot,  V.  n.     Turn,  hinge,  depend. 

Pivot,  «.     Turning-point. 

Pivotal,  a.     Turning,  hinging,  depending. 

Pix,  «.    See  Pvx. 

fijrr*  4  '*•     F^iry,  elf,  sprite,  fay,  pigwidgin. 

Pixy-led,  a.     Bewildered. 

Pixy-stool,  «.     Toadstool,  mushroom. 

Placability,  «.  Placableness,  forgiving  disposi- 
tion. 

Placable,  a.     Appeasable,  reconcilable,  forgiving. 

Placableness,  «.     See  Placability. 

Placard,  «.     Poster,  bill,  hand-bill,  broadside. 

Placard,  v.  a.     I.    Advertise  {by  placards)^  pub- 
lish,   announce,    blazon,     make    known,    blaze 
abroad,  spread  abroad. 
2.   Post,  expose  to  obloquy. 

Placate,  v.  a.  Conciliate,  appease,  pacify. 

Place,  n.  I.  Area,  courtyard,  broad  way,  open 
space,  square. 

2.  Situation,  position,  locality,  location,  sta- 
tion, spot,  site. 

3.  Office,  charge,  function,  employment,  post, 
official  station. 


4.  Rank,  standing,  grade,  condition,  occupa- 
tion, calling. 

5.  Mansion,  residence,  abode,  dwelling, 
seat 

6.  Town,  village,  city. 

7.  Stronghold,  fortified  post,  fort,  fortress. 

8.  Portion,  passage,  part,  paragraph. 

9.  Point,  degree  m  order. 

10.  Room,  ground,  occasion,  reason,  oppor- 
tunity. 

11.  Room,  stead. 

12.  Space- 

13.  Room  reception,  acceptance,  efTect. 

14.  Rank,  order  of  importance. 

Place,  V.  a.  I.  Put,  set,  station,  lay,  settle,  de- 
posit, commit,  locate,  seat,  fix,  establish,  dispose, 
arrange. 

2.  Invest,  put  at  interest,  lend. 

3.  Appoint,  set,  induct,  establish  in  office. 

4.  Set,  fix. 

5.  Attribute,  ascribe,  impute. 
Place-brick,  «.      Pecking,    sandel-brick,  samel- 
brick,  inferior  brick. 

Placenta,  n.     Secundines,  after-birth. 
Placid,   a.     I.    Quiet,   tranquil,  undisturbed,  un- 
moved,  unruffled,  calm,  peaceful,  serene,   com- 
posed, collected,  cool,  gentle,  equable. 
2.    Serene,  mild,  unruffled,  halcyon. 
Placidity,  «.     Calmness,  quietness,  serenity,  com- 
posure,  coolness,  tranquillity,    imperturbability, 
mildness,  gentleness,  peacefulness,  placidness. 
Placket, «.    Fent. 
Plafond,  n.     Ceiling,  soffit. 
Plagiarism,  «.     I.    Literary  theft. 

2.   Stolen  idea,  thought,  expression,  <7r  passage. 
Plagiarist,  «.     I.    Plagiary,  literary  thief. 

2.   Plagiarism,  crime  of  literary  theft 
Plague,  «.     I.   Pestilence,  pest. 

2.   Affliction,    annoyance,    vexation,    trouble, 
nuisance,  curse,  torment,  thorn  in  one's  side. 
Plague,  V.  a.     Annoy,  tease,  vex,  worry,  trouble, 
molest,    torment,    harass,    harry,    disturb,   fret, 

fall,  chafe,   bore,    incommode,    bother,    pester, 
adger,  hector,  irritate,  disquiet,  distress,  afflict, 
tantalize,  embarrass,  perplex. 
Plaguily,  «</.    (Colloq.)    Vexatiously,  greatly,  ex- 
tremely. 
Plaguy,    a      {Colloq.)     Vexatious,    troublesome, 

tormenting,  annoying,  wearisome. 
Plain,  a.     I.    Even,  level,  smooth,  flat,  plane. 

2.  Open,  clear,  unencumbered,  uninterrupted. 

3.  Manifest,  visible,  obvious,  clear,  unmistak- 
able, apparent,  certain,  palpable,  conspicuous, 
notable,  notorious,  glaring,  patent,  open,  evident, 
distinct. 

4.  Unequivocal,  unambiguous,  distinct,  ex- 
plicit, intelligible,  perspicuous. 

5.  Simple,  unadorned. 

6.  Homely,  ugly,  ill-looking,  ill-favored. 

7.  Artless,  honest,  sincere,  candid,  frank, 
open,  downright,  direct,  unsophisticated,  ingen- 
uous, undesigning,  straightforward,  single- 
minded,  open-hearted,  above-board,  unreserved. 

8.  Artless,  simple,  unlearned,  unsophisticated, 
natural,  unaffected,  homely,  common, 

9.  Mere,  absolute,  unmistakable. 

10.  Easy,  direct,  clear. 

11.  Simple,  frugal,  homely. 

12.  Unomamented,  unfigured,  unvariegated. 
Plain,  n.     Plateau,  champaign,  savanna,  pampas, 

table-land,  champaign  country. 

Plain-dealing,  «.     Honesty,  sincerity,  fi-ankness,    . 
candor,    ingenuousness,   openness,   truthfulness, 
plainness,  straightforwardness,  bluntness. 

Plainly,  ad.     I.    Honestly,  sincerely,  bluntly. 

2.  Evidently,  clearly,  distinctly,  unmistakably. 

3.  Soberly,  quietly,  simply. 


PLAIN-SPOKEN 


314 


PLAY  OFF  A  PERSON 


Flilill-SpOlEen,  a.      Frank,   candid,   blunt,    open, 

free-spoken,  plain  of  speecli. 
Plaint,  n.     I.   LamentaUon,  lament,  moan,  wail, 

cry,  complaint. 
2.   Complaint. 
Plaintiff,  «.    Accuser,  prosecutor. 
Plaintive,  a.     Mournful,  sorrowful,  sad,   piteous, 

woful,  rueful,  grievous,  dirge-like,  melancholy. 
Plait,  n.     I.    Fold,  doubling,  double,  gather. 

2.   Braid. 
Plait,  V.  a.     I.    Fold,  double. 

2.  Braid,  plat,  weave,  interweave. 

3.  Mat,  felt. 

Plaited,  a.     I.    Folded,  braided,  interwoven. 

2.    Wrinkled,  contracted,  knitted. 
Plan,  n,     I.   Draught,  sketch,  plot,  drawing,  map, 
chart,  delineation. 

2.  Scheme,  project,  system,  method,  device, 
design,  contrivance,  proposal,  proposition. 

3.  Method,  process,  way,  custom. 

Plan,  V.  a.     I.   Delineate,  figure,  represent,  mark 

out,  chalk  out,  sketch  out. 
2.   Devise,    contrive,    scheme,    project,   plot, 

invent,  design,  concoct,  digest,  lay  out,  prepare, 

hatch. 
Plane,  a.     Level,  flat,  even,  smooth,  plain. 
Planetarium, «.    Orrery, 
Plane-tree,    «.     I.    Platan,    platane    {Platanus 

orientalis). 

2.  \U.  .S".]  Sycamore,  button-tree,  button- 
wood,  button-ball-tree,  water-beech  (Platanus 
occidentalis). 

3.  {Scotland.'\  Sycamore  maple  (.(4 «r/jtf«^<^- 
platamts). 

Plant,  «.     Vegetable. 

Plant,  V  a.     I.    Put  in  the  ground  (cts  seed). 

2.  Set  in  the  ground  {as  a  shrub). 

3.  Furnish  with  plants. 

4.  Engender,  breed. 

5.  Set,  direct,  point. 

6.  Settle,  furnish  inhabitants  to. 

7.  Introduce,  establish. 

8.  Fix,  establish,  settle,  found. 
Plant,  V.  n.     Sow,  scatter  seed,  put  in  seed. 
Plant-eating:,  «.     Phytophagous. 
Plantigrade,  a.     Palmigrade. 
Plant-lonse,  «.     Aphis,  vine-fretter,  puceron. 
Plant  one's  self.     Pitch  one's  tent,  take  up  one's 

quarters,  establish  one's  self. 
PlaQUe,  n.    I.   Brooch,  ornamental  plate,  plate  of 

a  clasp. 
2.   Flat  plate  of  metal,  enamelled  plate. 
Plash,  V.  a.     Dash,  spatter. 
Plash,  V.  n.     Splash,  dabble  in  water. 
Plash,  «.     I.   Dash,  splash. 

2.   Puddle,  pool,  collection  of  standing  water, 

pond. 
Plaster,  «.     Mortar,  stucco,  cement. 
Plaster,  v,  a.     I.   Parget,  cover  with  plaster. 

2.   \Colloq.)     Bedaub,  smear,  lay  on  coarsely. 
Plasterer,  «.     Pargeter. 
Plaster  of  Paris.    Calcined  gypsum  or  sulphate 

of  lime. 
Plastic,  a.     I.   Formative- 

2.    Soft,  pliable,  easily  moulded. 
Plastic  art.     Sculpture. 
Plat,  V.  a.     See  Plait. 
Flat,  n.     Plot,  piece  of  ground. 
Plate,  n.     I.    Lamina,  layer. 

2.  Dish,  platter. 

3.  Plate  armor. 

4.  Silverware. 

5.  Engraving. 

Plateau,  n.     Plain  {elevated),  table-land. 
Plate-iron,  «.     Rolled  iron. 
Plate-powder, «.     Rouge-powder. 
Platina,  n.     I.   Platinum. 


2.  Twisted  silver-wire. 
Platitude,    n.     I.    insipidity,    flatness,    dulness, 
mawkishness. 

2.  Truism,  trite  remark. 

3.  Twaddle,  verbiage,  palaver,  trash,  chatter, 
stuff,  fudge,  nonsense,  moonshine,  flummery, 
wish-wash,  balderdash,  jargon,  senseless  prate, 
frothy  discourse,  idle  talk. 

Platitudinous,    a.     Stale,    trite,    flat,    dull,    in- 
sipid. 
Platonic,  a.    I.   Academic,  of  Plato. 

2.  Contemplative,  speculative,  philosophical, 
theoretical. 

3.  Passionless,  impassible,  unimpressible, 
cold,  apathetic,  cool,  calm,  serene. 

Platter,  n.    Large  dish,  plate. 

Plaudit,  «.  Applause,  acclamation,  clapping  of 
hands,  acclaim,  shout  of  approbation. 

Plauditory,  a.     Applauding,  commending. 

Plausible,  a.  I.  Specious,  colorable,  seemingly 
fair. 

2.  Fair-spoken,  glib,  using  specious  argu- 
ments. 

Play,  V.  n.  I.  Sport,  disport,  frolic,  skip,  frisk, 
gambol,  revel,  romp,  caper,  make  merry,  make 
fun. 

2.  Trifle,  toy,  wanton,  dally. 

3.  Hover,  flutter,  sport,  wave. 

4.  Game,  gambler. 

5.  Act  {on  the  stage),  take  a  part,  personate  a 
character. 

6.  Perform. 

7.  Act,  operate,  work  freely. 

8.  Do,  act,  behave. 

Play,  V.  a.     I.  Put  in  action,  put  in  operation. 

2.  Perform. 

3.  Put  down,  exhibit,  use  in  playing,  move. 

4.  Compete,  engage  in  play. 

5.  Perform  on,  play  on  or  upon. 

6.  Execute. 

7.  Act  {on  the  stage),  enact,  represent,  exhibit, 
perform. 

8.  Personate,  act  the  part  of,  take  the  part  of. 

9.  Engage  in,  take  part  in. 
10.   Do,  perform,  execute. 

Play,  n.     I.   Game. 

2.  Amusement,  sport,  frolic,  gambols,  jest^ 
pastime. 

3.  Gaming,  gambling. 

4.  Practice,  use,  manner  of  dealing. 

5.  Action,  use,  employment. 

6.  Dramatic  composition,  drama,  comedyi 
tragedy,  melodrama  or  farce. 

7.  Dramatic  performance. 

8.  Performance. 

9.  Motion,  movement,  action. 

10.   Liberty  of  action,  scope,  swing,  elbow-room, 
opportunity. 
Play-actor,  «.     Stage-player,  actor,  player. 
Player,  «.     I.   Idler,  trifler. 

2.  Actor,  play-actor,  stage-player. 

3.  Mimic,  imitator,  mime. 

4.  Performer,  operator. 

5.  Gamester,  gambler. 

Play  false.    Break  one's  word,  sell  one's  self,  turn 

traitor,  go  over  to  the  enemv. 
Play  fast  and  loose.     Be  inconstant,  be  giddy,  be 

fickle  or  undecided. 
Play-fellow,  n.     Playmate. 
Playful,    a.     I.    Sportive,      frolicsome,      frisky, 

merry,  mirthful,  jolly,  gamesome. 
2.   Sprightly,  humorous,  amusing,  arch,  lively, 

mirthful,  vivacious. 
Playhouse,  «.     Theatre,  opera-house. 
Flajrmate,  «.     Playfellow. 
Play  off.     Display,  show,  put  in  exercise. 
Flay  off  a  person.    Make  a  butt  of  one. 


PLAY  ON 


315 


PLOT 


Play  on.      )    I.    Mock,   deride,    delude,    befool, 
Play  upon.  |    trifle  with,  make  sport  of. 

2.  Turn,  quibble,  give  a  fancitul  turn  to. 
Play  second  fiddle.    {Colloq.)    Be  subordinate, 

take  a  subordinate  part. 
Play  the  devil  (or  the  deuce)  with.    (Colloa.) 

Impair,  spoil,  injure,  hurt,  damage,  ruin,  make 

bad  work  with. 
Play  the  fool.    Cut  capers,   cut  didoes,  act  the 

buffoon,  act  like  a  fool,  make  a  fool  of  one's  self, 

play  tricks  or  pranks. 
Plaything,  «.    I.  Toy. 

2.   Toy,  bawble,  trifle. 
Play  upon  words.     Punning,  quibbling. 
Play-writer,  «.    Dramatist,  playwright,  dramatic 

author,  dramatic  writer. 
Plea,  n.     I.   {Law. )    Allegation. 

2.  Suit,  action,  cause  in  court. 

3.  Defence,  excuse,  apology,  justification,  vin- 
dication, argument,  pleading. 

Plead,  V.  H.  I.  {Law.)  Make  an  allegation, 
carry  on  a  suit. 

2.  Reason,  argue,   offer    reasons,    use    argu- 
ments. 

3.  Apologize,   offer   apology    or  justification, 
make  defence. 

Plead,  V.  a.     I.   Allege,  offer  in  excuse. 

2.  Argue,  discuss,  defend,  maintain  by  argu- 
ments. 

3.  Allege,  adduce  in  proor. 

Pleader,  «.  Assertor,  vindicator,  defender,  advo- 
cate. 

Plead  guilty.  Confess  guilt,  acknowledge  the 
charge,  own  the  soft  impeachment,  cry  peccavi, 
sing  miserere,  make  a  clean  breast  of  it,  be  down 
on  one's  marrow-bones. 

Pleasance,  «.  Pleasure,  gayety,  pleasantry,  merri- 
ment, delight,  enjoyment. 

Pleasant,  a.  I.  Pleasing,  agreeable,  delightful, 
delectable,  gratifying,  grateful,  pleasurable, 
acceptable,  welcome. 

2.  Cheerful,  gay,  lively,  sprightly,  vivacious, 
merry,  good-humored,  enlivening,  sportive. 

3.  Witty,  facetious,  humorous,  jocose,  jocular, 
sportive,  amusing. 

Pleasantry,  «.  I.  Gayety,  merriment,  sport,  fun, 
frolic,  jollity. 

2.  Facetiousness,  jocularity,  jocoseness,  droll- 
ery, good-humor,  waggery. 

3.  Lively    or   witty  remark,    witticism,   joke, 
sally,  sprightly  saying,  jest,  quip,  quirk,  bon-mot. 

4.  Raillery,  wit,  lively  talk. 

5.  Trick,  gambol,  frolic,  prank. 

Please,  v.  a.  I.  Gratify,  delight,  gladden,  rejoice, 
make  glad,  give  joy  to,  take  one's  fancy,  tickle 
one's  fancy,  do  one's  heart  good. 

2.  Satisfy,  content. 

3.  Seem  good  to,  be  one's  will. 

Please,  v.  «.     I.  Give  pleasure,  gain  approbation. 

2.  Like,  prefer,  choose. 

3.  Condescend,  comply,  be  pleased. 
Pleasing,     a.     Agreeable,     grateful,     gratifying, 

acceptable,  welcome,  pleasant,  delectable, 
pleasurable,  charming,  delightful. 

Pleasurable,  a.     Pleasing. 

Pleasure,  «.  I.  Enjoyment,  gratification,  com- 
fort, delight,  joy,  gladness,  temporary  happiness, 
satisfaction,  solace. 

2.  Sensuality,  voluptuousness,  luxury,  animal 
gratification. 

3.  Will,    choice,    preference,   purpose,   wish, 
mind,  desire. 

4.  Favor,  kindness. 

Plebeian,  a.     Ignoble,  low,  mean,  base,  vulgar, 

common,  popular. 
Plebeianlsm,  n.     Vulgarity. 
Pledge,  «.     I.   Pawn,  gage,  deposit 


2.  Guarantee,  security,  earnest 

3.  Surety,  hostage. 

4.  Health  {in  drinking). 

Pledge,  V.  a.    I.    Pawn,  impawn,  plight,  hypothe- 
cate, put  in  pledge,  deposit  as  security. 

2.  Gage,  give  as  a  guarantee. 

3.  Engage,  bind. 

4.  Toast,  drink  to,  drink  the  health  of,  drink 
in  honor  of. 

Pledgee,  «.    {Law.)    Pawnee. 

Plenary,  a.     Full,  complete,  entire. 

Plenipotentiary*  «•    Ambassador,  minister,  envoy. 

Plenitude,  n.     I.  Abundance,  fulness,  complete- 
ness, plenty. 
2.   Repletion,  plethora,  animal  fulness. 

Plenteous,  a.      I.    Abundant,   copious,   plentiful, 
ample,  full. 

2.  Fruitful,  productive,  yielding  abundance. 

3.  Rich,  well  provided  for. 

Plentiful,  a.      I.   Abundant,  ample,  copious,  full,     * 
plenteous. 

2.  Fruitful,  plenteous,  exuberant,  productive, 
luxuriant 

Plenty,   «.      I.     Fulness,    sufficiency,    plenitude, 
enough,  adequate  supply. 

2.  Abundance,  copiousness,  luxuriance,  exu- 
berance, profusion,  affluence,  fertility,  overflow. 

Plenty,  a.    Abundant,  plentiful. 

Pleonasm,  n.     Redundancy,  diffuseness,  tautology, 
redundant  expression. 

Pleonastic,  a.      Redundant,  tautological,   diffuse, 
superfluous. 

Plethora,  «.      l.  {Med.)     Ym\v^^%^  {of  blood),  re- 
pletion, plenitude. 

2.  Superabundance,  superfluity,  redundance, 
redundancy,  excess,  surfeit,  more  than  enougli, 
enough  and  to  spare. 

Plethoric*  a.       I.     Surcharged,   surfeited,    over- 
loaded, overcharged,  over-full. 
2.   Of  a  full  habit,  affected  with  plethora. 

Pliability,  ».    Flexibleness,  flexibility,  suppleness, 
pliancy,  pliableness. 

Pliable,  a.      I.    Flexible,  flexile,  pliant,  supple, 
limber,  lithe,  lithesome,  easily  bent. 

2.  Compliant,  yielding,  manageable,  tractable, 
easily  persuaded,  docile,  obsequious,  ductile, 
facile. 

Pliableness,  «.     See  Pliability. 

Pliancy,  «.     I.   See  Pliability. 

2.  Docility,  readiness  to  be  influenced,  duc- 
tility. 

Pliant,  a.     See  Pliablk. 

Plicature,    n.       Fold,    doubling,    double,    plait, 
gather,  plication. 

Plight,  V.  a.      Pledge,  pawn,  hypothecate,  put  in 
oledge,  give  as  security. 

Plight,  n.     I.    Pledge,  pawn,  page,  security. 

2.  Condition,  state,  situation,  case,  predica- 
ment, category,  dilemma,  scrape. 

Plod,  V.  n.      I.  Trudge,  jog  on,  travel  slowly  but 
steadily. 

2.  Toil,  drudge,  moil,  hold  on,  keep  on,  keep 
at  it,  work  hard. 

Plodding,  a.     Hard-working,  patiently  laborious, 
painstaking,  industrious. 

Plot,  «.     I.    Plat,  piece  of  ground. 

2.  Plan  {o/  a  piece  of  land),  draught,  sketch, 
outline. 

3.  Scheme  {especially  for  a  bad  purpose), 
stratagem,  conspiracy,  intrigue,  cabal,  machina- 
tion, plan,  project,  combination. 

4.  Story,  intrigue. 

5.  Contrivance,  reach  of  thought,  ability  to 
plot 

Plot,  V.  n.      I.    Plan  {for  some  mischief),  con- 
spire. 
2.  Scheme,  contrive,  lay  a  plan,  form  a  plot 


PLOT 


316 


POINTED 


Plot,  V.  a.  Plan  {as  something  mischievous),  con- 
coct, contrive,  project,  devise,  frame,  brew,  hatch, 
compass. 

Plotter,  n.     Contriver,  conspirator,  schemer. 

PloughaWe,  a.     Arable, 

PlougMand,  «.     I.  Tillage  land. 
2.   Carucate. 

Pluck,  V.  a.     I.   Gather,  pick,  cull. 

2.  Pull  {quickly),  twitch,  snatch,  jerk,  yerk, 
tug,  tear. 

3.  Pull,  draw. 

4.  Strip  by  plucking. 

Pluck,  «.  (jColloq.)  Spirit,  courage,  resolution, 
manhood,  indomitableness,  backbone,  determina- 
tion, energy,  force,  mettle,  nerve,  hardihood,  force 
of  character,  strength  of  will. 

Plack  up.      I.   Eradicate,  exterminate,  destroy, 
root  out,  root  up. 
2.   Summon  up  {as  courage),  gather  up. 

Plucky,  a.  {Colloq.)  Brave,  spirited,  coura- 
geous. 

Plug,  «.     I.   Stopple,  stopper. 
2.   Chew,  quid. 

Plum,  n.     I.   Fruit  of  the  plum-tree. 

2.  Plum-tree. 

3.  Raisin,  dried  grape. 

4.  ;^  100,000. 

5.  Handsome  sum,  fortune,  treasure. 
Plumage,  «.     Feathers. 

Plumb,  a.  Perpendicular  {to  the  horizon),  vertical, 
upright. 

Plumbago,  «.     Black-lead,  graphite. 

plumber-block,  «.    Pillow-block. 

Plumbing,  «.     Plumbery,  pluramery. 

Plume,  n.     I.   Feather. 
2.   Crest,  tuft. 

Plume  one's  self.  Boast,  glory,  pride  one's  self, 
pique  one's  self,  take  pride,  value  one's  self. 

Plumose,  a.     Feathery. 

Plump,  a.  I.  Stout,  portly,  fat,  bouncing,  chubby, 
fleshy,  round,  bonny,  burly,  in  good  case,  well- 
rounded. 

2.  Tumid,  swollen,  distended,  full. 

3.  Complete,  full,  downright,  direct,  unquali- 
fied, blunt,  unreserved. 

Plump,  ad.     Suddenly,  heavily. 

Plumpness,  n.     Fulness,  chubbiness,  roundness. 

Plunder,  v.  a.      Pillage,  spoil,  despoil,  rob,  rifle, 

sack,  ravage,  fleece,  strip,  lay  waste. 
Plunder,  «.      I.     Robbery,  rapine,  booty,  spoil, 

pillage,  prey. 
2.   [Southern  and  Western   U.  S.\    Baggage, 

luggage,  goods,  effects. 
Plunderer,  «.     Robber,  pillager,  spoiler. 
Plunge,  V.  a.      Immerse,   submerge,   dip,  souse, 

douse,  put  under  water  {or  other  liquid). 
Plunge,  V.  n.     Dive,  pitch,  thrust  one's  self,  cast 

one's  self. 
Plunge,  «.     Dive,  dip,  ducking. 
Plunger,  «.     I.   Diver. 

2.   Piston. 
Plus,  ad.    [L.]     More,  in  addition. 
Pluto,  n.     Orcus,  Tartarus,  Dis,  Hades. 

Sutonic"'  }  "•    Subterranean,  dark,  infernal. 
Pluvial,  a.     Rainy,  humid,  pluvious. 

Ply,  w.  a.     I.   Employ,  apply,  keep  busy. 

2.  Exercise,  practise,  put  in  practice. 

3.  Press  hard,  beset,  assail  briskly,  lay  on. 

4.  Urge,  solicit,  importune. 

5.  Offer   repeatedly,    present    urgently,    urge 
upon,  press  upon. 

Ply,  «.     I.   Fold,  plait,  twist.  _ 

2.    Bent,  turn,  direction,  bias. 
Pneumatics,  n.     Science  of  elastic  fluids. 


Pneumatology,  «.     Psychology,  doctrine  of  spirit 

ual  substances. 
Pneumometer,  «.     Pneumatometer,  spirometer. 
Pneumonia,  «•   {Med.)   Inflammation  of  the  lungs, 

pneumonitis,  pneumony. 
Pneumonic,  a.     Pulmonic,  pulmonary. 
Poach,  z'.  a.     I.    Cook  slightly  (a J  <^^j). 

2.  Steal,    filch,    purloin,    pilfer,    plunder    by 

stealth. 
Foack,  V.  n.     Steal  game. 
Pock,  n.     Pustule  {as  0/ stnall-pox). 
Pocket, «.    Pouch. 
Pocket,  V.  a.     {Colloq.)    Endure  {as  an  affront), 

suffer,  bear,  tolerate,  put  up  with. 
Pod,  «      Legume,  capsule,  seed-vessel. 
Podagra,  «.    {Med.)    GomX  (especially  gout  in  the 

foot). 

ISdtlrickl,}''-    Gouty,  podagrous. 

Podge,  n.     Puddle,  plash. 

Podgy,  a.     Dumpy,  fat,  pudgy. 

Podium,  «.     Styiobate,  continuous  pedestal. 

Poem,  «.     Metrical  composition,  piece  of  poetry. 

Poesy,  «.     I.   Poet  craft,  poet  skill. 

2.   Poetry,  verse,  metrical  composition. 
Poet,  «.     I.    Bard,  author  of  poems. 

2.    Imaginative  thinker  or  writer. 
Poetaster,  «.      Rhymester,  petty   poet,   inferior 
poet. 

pS^tiSa,}-  ^^^^"^-^- 

Poetry,  «.  Verse,  rhyme,  poesy,  metrical  com- 
position, numbers. 

Poh,  inter j.     Pshaw,  pugh,  pish. 

Poignancy,  ».  I.  Piquancy,  pungency,  acridity, 
sharpness. 

2.  Point,  sharpness,  keenness,  asperity,  caus- 
ticity. 

3.  Bitterness,  intensity,  sharpness. 
Poignant,  <x.      I.    Sharp,  severe,  piercing,  pene- 
trating, intense,  bitter. 

2.  Pungent,    biting,    acrid,    piquant,    sharp, 
pricking,  stinging,  mordacious. 

3.  Keen,   pointed,   caustic,   irritating,    bitter, 
satirical,  sarcastic,  severe,  mordant 

Point,  n.     I.   Sharp  end. 

2.  Cape,  headland,  projection,    promontory, 
naze. 

3.  Moment,  instant^  period,  verge,  eve. 

4.  Spot,  place,  station,  stage. 

5.  Degree,  grade,  state,  condition,  rank. 

6.  Object,  end,  aim,  purpose,  design. 

7.  Punctilio,  nicety,  pique,  trifling  concern. 

8.  Question,  position,  thesis,  theme,  proposi- 
tion, text,  subject-matter,  moot  point. 

9.  Respect,  particular  aspect,   matter,  single 
thing. 

10.  Characteristic,  peculiarity,  salient  trait. 

11.  Mark  {as  of  punctuation),  character,  stop. 

12.  Dot,  speck. 

13.  Sally,  witticism,  flash  of  wit,  lively  turn  of 
thought,  epigram,  quip,  quirk, _;Vm  d'esprit. 

14.  Poignancy,  sting. 

15.  Lace  worked    by  the    needle,    point-lace, 
needle-lace. 

Point,  V.  a.     I,    Sharpen,  make  pointed. 

2.  Aim,  level,  direct. 

3.  Indicate,  designate,  show,  point  out,  direct 
attention  to. 

4.  Punctuate. 

Point-blank,  a.  I.  Direct,  plain,  explicit,  ex- 
press, down-right. 

2.    Direct. 
Point-blank,  ad.     Directly. 
Foint-d'appni,  «.     Basis,  point  of  support. 
Pointed,  a.    I.  Peaked,  sharp,  acuminated,  picked. 

2.  Personal,  distinct,  marked,  explicit. 


POINTER 


317 


POLYPUS 


3.   Epigrammatic,  keen,  poignant. 
Pointer,  «.     Index,  hand,  director. 
Pointless,  a.     I.    Blunt,  obtuse. 

2.    Dull,  stupid,  vapid,  aimless,  vague,  flat. 
Point    Otlt*       Indicate,    designate,    point,    show, 

direct  attention  to. 
Poise,  n.     I.    Weight,  gravity. 

2.  Counterweight,  counterpoise 

3.  Regulating  power,  balance. 

4.  Balance,  equilibrium,  equipoise. 

Poise,  V.  a.     I.   Balance,  hold  or  place  in  equi- 
librium. 
2.   Weight. 

Poison,  «.  Venom,  virus,  bane,  pest,  taint,  nox* 
ious  influence. 

Poison,  V.  a  Infect,  taint,  contaminate,  corrupt, 
canker,  mar,  impair,  vitiate,  envenom,  pollute. 

Poison-ivy,  «.  Poison-oak,  climbing  sumac, 
mercury  {Rhus  toxicodendron). 

Poisonous,  a.  Venomous,  noxious,  baneful,  pesti- 
lential, pestiferous. 

Poison-tree,  ».  Poison-sumac,  poison-elder, 
swamp  sumac  {Rhus  venenata). 

Poke,  «.     I.   Thrust,  push,  shove,  jog. 

2.  {Bot.)  Garget,  pigeon-berry,  pogan,cocum, 
pocan,  pocan-bush,  poke-weed  [Phytolacca  dt- 
candra), 

3.  Pocket,  pouch,  bag,  sack. 
Poke,  V.  n      I.   Grope,  feel  one's  way. 

2.    Mope,  shut  one's  self  up,  conflne  one's  self, 

dawdle,  trifle. 
Poke  about.     Busy  one's  self  with  nothing. 
Poke  a  fire.    Stir  a  fire. 
Poke  fun.     Joke,  jest,  make  fun. 
Poke  fun  at.      \Colloq.)      Jeer,  ridicule,  deride, 

flout,  taunt,  mock,  scoff  at,  sneer  at,  jeer  at,  rail 

at,  make  a  butt  of. 
Poke-weed,  «.     See  Poke. 
Poky,  a.     Confined,  cramped,  musty. 
Polacca,  n.     Polonaise,  Polish  dance-tune. 
Polander,  «.     Pole,  native  of  Poland. 
Polar  bear.      White  bear  {Ursus  maritimus). 
Polar  lights.    Northern  lights,  aurora    borealis, 

australis. 
Polar  star.    See  Polestar. 
Pole,  «.     I.   Extremity  {o/an  axis  or  a  diamettr). 

2.  Staff,  rod,  stick. 

3.  Rod,  perch. 

4.  Shaft,  thill. 

5.  Polander,  native  of  Poland. 

6.  Polestar,  north  star,  loadstar,  Polaris. 

7.  Firmament,  sky. 

Polecat,  «.  I.  [0/  Europe]  Fitchew,  fitch, 
fitchet,  weasel,  foumart,  foulmart  {Mustela  /«- 
torius). 

2.  [0/  North  America.]  Mink,  minx  (iW«/- 
tela  vison). 

Polemic,     I  a.    I.  Controversial,  disputative. 

Polemical,  1       2.  :Disputatious. 

Polemist   I  '*•    I^''P"**"*»  controversialist. 

Polemics,  «.  pi.  Controversy  {especially  on  the- 
ological subjects),  disputation,  contest. 

Polestar,  ».     I.   North  star,  polar  star,  loadstar, 
Polaris. 
2.  Guide,  cynosure,  guiding  star. 

Policy,  n.  I.  Administration,  management,  gov- 
ernment, rule,  mode  of  management,  course 
of  action. 

2.  Cunning,  art,  address,  skill,  prudence, 
shrewdness,  worldly  wisdom,  stratagem,  dis- 
cretion. 

3.  Wisdom,  wit,  acumen,  shrewdness,  as- 
tuteness. 

Polisb,  V.  a.    I.   Burnish,  furbish,  levigate,  rub 
up,   brighten,   make  glossy. 
2.   Refine,  civilize,  make  elegant. 


Polisll,  «.  I.  Lustre,  brightness,  brilliance,  bril- 
liancy, splendor 

2.  Grace,  refinement,  accomplishment,  ele- 
gance. 

PoUshed,  a.  I.  Burnished,  made  bright  or  glossy, 
smooth,  glossy,  bright,  shining. 

2.  Refined,  accomplished,  cultivated,  elegant, 
polite. 

3.  Classic,  classical,  Attic,  chaste,  pure,  re- 
fined, elegant,  finished. 

Polite,  a.     Accomplished,   genteel,  cultivated,  re- 
fined,    courteous,     civil,     affable,     complaisant, 
courtly,  gracious,  urbane,  polished,  well-behaved, 
well-mannered,  well-bred,  elegant,  obliging. 
Politeness,  «.     I.    Courtesy,   civility,   |;ood  man- 
ners,   courteousness,    gentility,    affability,   com- 
plaisance,   comity,    amenity,    suavity,   decorum, 
food-breeding,  obliging  manner,  refinement,  ur- 
anity,  courtliness. 
2.   Refinement,  elegance,  finish. 
Politic,  a.     I.    Civil,  political,  civic. 

2.  Wise,  prudent,  judicious,  discreet,  saga- 
cious, prudential,  wary,  provident,  astute,  long- 
headed. 

3.  Artful,  cunning,  shrewd,  intriguing,  sly, 
wily,  subtle,  foxy,  Machiavelian,  ingenious,  un- 
scrupulous, crafty,  skilful,  diplomatic,  strategic 

4.  Well-devised,  well-adapted. 

Political,  a.     I.   Civil,  civic,  public,  politic,  na- 
tional. 
2.   National. 
Politician,  n.     I.   Statesman,  statist. 

2.  Partisan,  dabbler  in  politics. 
Politics,   n.  pi.     I.   Political     science,     political 
economy,  science  of  government. 
2.   Political  affairs,  party  politics. 
Polity,  n.    Form  of  government,  civil   constitu- 
tion. 
Poll,  «.     I.   Head 

2.  Person,  individual. 

3.  Catalogue  of  heads,  catalogue  of  persons. 

4.  Club,  cheven,  pollard. 

Poll,  V.  a.  I.  Lop,  clip,  shear,  cut  closely,  mow, 
crop. 

2.  Enumerate,  enroll. 

3.  Pay. 

4.  Register,  give,  deposit  {as  a  vote). 
Poll,  n.     Parrot. 

PoUiwig,   )         To^r^nl- 

PoUiwog,  1 ""'    Tadpole. 

Poll-tax,  n.  Capitation  tax,  poll-money,  poll- 
silver. 

Pollute,  V.  a.  I.  Defile,  soil,  taint,  make  foul, 
make  unclean. 

2.  Corrupt,  infect,  contaminate,  vitiate,  de- 
prave, debase,  poison,  impair,  taint,  pervert, 
tarnish,  stain. 

3.  Desecrate,  profane. 

4.  Violate,  deoauch,  dishonor,  ravish,  abuse, 
defile,  deflower. 

Pollution,  n.     I.   Defilement,  contamination,  foul- 
ness, taint,  impurity,  uncleanness,  abomination, 
pollutedness,  vitiation,  corruption. 
2.   Violation,  debauchment,  ravishment. 

Poltroon*  «.  Coward,  dastard,  craven,  milksop, 
mean  wretch,  skulk,  recreant,  sneak. 

Poltroonery,  «.  Cowardice,  baseness,  dastardy, 
dastardliness,  cowardliness,  want  of  spirit. 

Polyandry,  «.     Plurality  of  husbands. 

Polygamy,  ».     I.    Plurality  of  wives, 
2.   Polyandry,  plurality  of  husbands. 

Polygon,  n.     Many-sided  figure. 

Poljrpe, «.     {Zodl.)     Polypus,  polyp. 

Polyphonist,  «.     I.    Ventriloquist. 
2.   Contrapuntist. 

Polypus.  «.  [L.  />l.  Polypi.l  {Zodl.)  Polype, 
polyp,  radiate  animal. 


POLYSYLLABLE 


318 


PORPHYRY 


PolysyllaWe,  ».    Word  of  many  syllables. 

Pomade,  n.     Pomatum. 

Pomatum,  ».     Pomade. 

Pommel,  «.  [Written  also  Pummel.']  Knob,  ball, 
protuberant  part. 

Pommel,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Pummel.]  Beat, 
bruise,  thrash,  flog,  bang,  maul,  thwack,  thump, 
belabor,  trounce. 

Pomp,  n.  Parade,  display,  show,  splendor,  mag- 
nificence, pageantry,  pageant,  flourish,  state, 
ostentation,  pompousness,  grandeur,  pride, 
flourish. 

Pomposity,  «.  Boastfulness,  boasting,  pretension, 
ostentation,  pompousness,  parade. 

Pompous,  a.  I.  Showy,  ostentatious,  stately, 
lofty,  grand,  majestic,  magnificent,  superb, 
splendid,  august,  magisterial,  dignified. 

2.  Swelling,  mflated,  bombastic,  turgid,  pre- 
tentious, stilted,  boastful,  grandiloquent,  high- 
flowing,  high-sounding,  high-flown,  ostentatious, 
tumid,  grandiose,  magniloquent,  flauntinjr,  puffy. 

Pompousness,  «.  I.  Grandeur,  magnificence, 
pageantry,  splendor,  state,  pomp,  dignity. 

2.  Pretension,  boastfulness,  ostentation,  pom- 
posity. 

Ponder,  v.  a.  Consider,  weigh,  contemplate, 
study,  meditate,  think  on,  reflect  upon,  deliberate 
upon,  revolve  in  the  mind,  examine. 

Ponder,  v,  n.  Think,  muse,  reflect,  cogitate, 
meditate,  study,  deliberate. 

Ponderosity,  «.  Weight,  gravity,  heaviness, 
ponderousness 

Ponderous,  a.  I.  Heavy,  weighty,  massive, 
bulky. 

2.  Momentous,  important,  weighty. 

3.  Forcible,  mighty. 
Pond-lily,  «.     Water-lily  {Nymphced). 
Poniard,  «.     Dagger  {small),  dirk,  stiletto. 
Pontiff,  ft.     I.    High-priest. 

2.   Pope,  bishop  of    Rome,    Pontifex  max- 

imus. 
Pontifical,  a.     Popish,  papal. 
Pontificate,  «•     Popedom,  papacy. 
Pontoon-biidge,    «.    Bridge   of  boats,   floating 

bridge. 
Pony,  «.     Sheltie.  small  horse. 
Pooh,    inierj.     Poh,  pshaw,  pish,  pah. 
Pool,  n.     I.   Pond  {small),  mere,  lake,  loch. 

2.   Puddle,  plash,  collection  of  standing  water. 
Poor,  a.    I.    Indigent,  needy,  necessitous,  pinched, 

straitened. 

2.  Penniless,  moneyless,  impecunious,  desti- 
tute, distressed,  poverty-stricken,  seedy,  reduced, 
short  of  money,  out  of  money,  without  a  penny, 
out  of  pocket,  out  of  cash,  out  at  the  elbows,  out 
at  the  heels,  in  need,  in  want,  hard  up,  in  dis- 
tress, living  from  hand  to  mouth,  not  worth  a 
farthing,  not  worth  a  sou,  not  rich,  badly  off, 
poorly  off. 

3.  Emaciated,  lean,  thin,  meagre,  lank,  gaunt, 
skinny,  shrunk,  fallen  away. 

4.  Barren,  sterile,  unfruitful,  unfertile,  unpro- 
ductive, fruitless,  unprolific. 

5.  Trifling,  trivial,  slight,  small,  slender, 
flimsy,  insufficient,  inadequate,  worthless,  unim- 
portant, of  little  use  or  worth,  valueless,  paltry. 

6.  Unsound,  infirm,  feeble,  delicate,  weak, 
frail. 

7.  Shabby,  seedy,  worthless,  valueless,  in- 
ferior, not  good. 

8.  Contemptible,  despicable,  paltry,  mean, 
sorry,  beggarly,  pitiful,  shabby,  bad,  low, 
inferior. 

9.  Feeble,  languid,  weak,  bald,  tame,  jejune, 
vapid,  cold,  frigid,  dull,  prosing,  prosy,  prosaic, 
spiritless,  barren,  mean,  meagre,  dry. 

10.   Miserable,  wretched,  unfortunate,  luckless, 


ill-fated,    ill-starred,    unlucky,    unhappy,     piti- 
able. 

11.  Meagre,    insufficient,    inadequate,    scant, 
small. 

12.  Faulty,  unsatisfactory. 

13.  Thin,  scanty. 

14.  Weak,  feeble,  poor,  flimsy. 

Poor,   n.  pi    [With    The  prefixed.]    I.  The  in- 
digent, the  needy. 
2.   Paupers. 

Poor  as  a  rat  ^ 

Poor  as  a  chuirch  mouse,     ^'i? JT^tftmr'^^ 

Poor  as  Job.  j       P®""^'  destitute. 

Foorhouse,  «.    Workhouse,  almshouse. 

Poor  in  spirit.  Humble,  contrite,  meek,  repent- 
ant. 

Poorly,  ad.     I.    In  want. 

2.  Insufficiently,  inadequately,  defectively. 

3.  Meanly 

Poorly,  a.  Indisposed,  ailing,  not  well,  feeble, 
somewhat  ill  {collog.). 

Poorness,  n.     Poverty. 

Poor-spirited,  a  Mean,  cowardly,  base,  mean- 
spirited. 

Pop,  n.     Report,  clap,  burst,  explosion,  detonation. 

Pop,  ad.     Suddenly,  unexpectedly,  on  a  sudden. 

Pope,  n.  Pontiff,  bishop  of  Rome,  Pontifex  MaX' 
imus. 

Popedom,  «.     I.   Papacy,  pontificate. 
2.   Papal  jurisdiction,  apostolic  see. 

Popery, «.  Papism,  papistry,  Roman  Catholic 
religion. 

Popinjay,  «.  Fop,  coxcomb,  dandy,  exquisite, 
beau,  macaroni,  jackanapes,  jack-a-dandy,  man 
milliner,  man  of  dress  ;  vain,  showy  fellow,  petii- 
tnaitre. 

Popish,  a.     Papistic,  papistical,  Roman  Catholic. 

Poppy-like,  a.     Papaverous. 

Pop  the  question.  Propose,  offer  one's  self,  offer 
marriage. 

Populace,  «.  Commonalty,  the  people,  the  crowd, 
the  multitude,  the  many,  the  masses,  the  million, 
the  vulgar  herd,  the  common  people,  the  lower 
classes,  the  vulgar,  the  humbler  classes,  mob, 
rabble- 
Popular,  «.     I.   Of  the  people. 

2.  Plain,  familiar,  easy,  comprehensible. 

3.  Received    {by   the  people),  accepted,    ac- 
credited, favorite,  liked,  approved. 

4.  Current,    prevailing,    prevalent,    common, 
general,  in  vogue,  in  favor. 

Popularity,  «•     I.    Favor  {of  the  people),  popular 
regard  or  acceptance,  popularness. 
2.    Fame,  repute,  celebrity,  vogue. 
Populate,  V.  a.     People 
Population,  ».     I.  Peopling. 

2.  Inhabitants,  people,  number  of  people. 

3.  Populousness. 

Populous,  a.     Crowded,  thickly  settled. 
Porcelain,  «.     China,  china  ware. 

Porcelain-clay,  «.    Kaolin. 
Porcelain-jasper,  «.    Porcelainite. 

Porch,  n.     I.    Portico,  entrance-way,  vestibule. 
2.   [With    The:  prefixed.]    The   Stoic   philos- 
ophy, philosophy  of  Zeno,  school  of  the  Stoics. 

Porcine,  a.     I.   Pertaining  to  swine. 
2.   Hog-like,  swinish. 

Pore,  n.     Orifice,  spiracle,  small  opening. 

Pore,  V.  n.  Brood,  dwell,  look  steadily,  fix  the 
attention,  give  one's  mind,  read  steadily,  examine 
diligently. 

Pork,  «.     Swine-flesh,  pig-meat. 

Porker,  «.     Hog,  pig,  sow,  swine,  porkling. 

Porosity,  «.     Porousness. 

Porous,  a.  Pervious,  permeable,  penetrable,  per- 
colable,  pory. 

Porphyry,  «.    Rosso  antiquo. 


PORPOISE 


319 


POSTERIOR 


Porpoise,  n.  I.  [Written  also  Porpess,  Porpesse, 
Porpice,  and  Porpus.~\     Sea-hog. 

2.   Monster,  mammoth,  behemoth,  mountain, 
leviathan,  Triton  among  the  minnows. 

Porridge,  «.     Broth,  soup,  pottage. 

PorrigO,  «.  {Med. )  Scald-head,  ringworm  of  the 
scalp. 

Porringer,  «.     Porridge  dish. 

Port,  ».  I.  Harbor,  haven,  roadstead,  anchor- 
age. 

2.  Entrance,  passage-way,  gate,  door. 

3.  Embrasure,  port-hole. 

4.  Larboard,  left  side. 

5.  Demeanor,  behavior,  bearing,  air,  presence, 
mien,  carriage,  deportment,  appearance. 

6.  Port-wine. 

Portable,  a.  Movable,  light,  handy,  convenient, 
easily  transported,  manageable. 

Portal,  «.  Gate,  gateway,  entrance,  passage-way, 
door. 

Porte,  n.  Turkish  court,  Sublime  Porte,  Ottoman 
government. 

Porte-monnale,  «.    [Fr.]    Pocket-book,  purse. 

Portend,  ».  a.  Presage,  forebode,  foretoken,  be- 
token, foreshow,  foreshadow,  augur,  prognosti- 
cate, threaten,  indicate,  bode. 

Portent,  «.  Omen  {of  ill),  presage,  prognostic, 
augury,  sign,  warning. 

Portentous,  a.  I.  Ominous  {of  ill),  premonitory, 
ill-boding,  inauspicious,  unpropitious. 

2.    Monstrous,  prodigious,   wonderful,   amaz- 
ing, tremendous,  stupendous,  marvellous. 

Porter,  «.     I.   Carrier. 

2.   Door-keeper,  concierge. 

Port-hole,  «      Embrasure,  port. 

Portico,  n.     I.   Covered  walk,  colonnade,  arcade. 
2.    Porch,  vestibule,  entrance-way. 

Portlftre,  «.     Door-curtain. 

Portion,  n.  I.  Part,  piece,  fragment,  bit,  scrap, 
morsel 

2.  Share,    allotment,    division,    parcel,    lot, 
quantity,  dividend,  quota,  contingent. 

3.  Fate,  final  state. 

4.  Dowry,  wife's  fortune. 

5.  Share,  inheritance. 

Portion,  V.  a.      I.    Divide,  allot,  deal  out,  dis- 
tribute, parcel. 
2.   Endow,  supply  with  a  portion. 
Portly,  a.     I.    Stately,  grand,  majestic,  magiste- 
rial, dignified,  imposing. 

2.    Stout,  plump,  fleshy,  round,  in  good  case, 
large,  bulky,  burly. 
Portmanteau,  «.     Valise,  travelling  bag. 
Portrait,  «.     Representation  {of  a  face  or  a  per- 
son,  drawn  or  painted),   likeness,   portraiture, 
picture. 
Portraiture,  «.    I.  See  Portrait. 

2.   Portrait-drawing,  portrait-painting. 
Portray,  v.  a.     I.   Paint,  delineate,  depict,  draw, 
sketch,  represent. 
2.   Describe,  set  forth. 
Portrayal,  «.      I.    Delineation,   painting,  repre- 
sentation, sketch. 
2.   Description,  account. 
Portulaca,  «.     Purslane. 
Port-wine, «.    Port 
Pose,  n.      Attitude  {formally  assumed),  posture, 

artificial  position. 
Pose,  V.  a.     Puzzle,  stagger,  embarrass,  bewilder, 
perplex,  mystify,  nonplus,  put  out,  put  to  a  stand, 
confound,  dumfound. 
Poseidon,  «.     Neptune. 
Poser,  n.     I.   Puzzler,  close  examiner. 

2.   Riddle,  enigma,  mystery,  knotty  point. 
Position,   n.      I.  '  Station,   situation,  spot,  place, 
locality,  post,  site. 
2.  Relation. 


3.  Attitude,  posture. 

4.  Proposition,  principle,  thesis,  dictum, 
tion,  doctrine,  predication,  affirmation. 

5.  Place,  standing,  social  rank. 

6.  State,  condition,  place,  circumstances. 

7.  Place,  situation. 

Positive,  a.  I.  Express,  direct,  explicit,  deter- 
minate, defined,  precise,  definite,  clear,  unequiv- 
ocal, unmistakable,  categorical,  expressed,  laid 
down. 

2i    Real,   actual,  veritable,  substantial,   true, 
absolute,  existing  in  fact. 

3.  Absolute,  not  relative. 

4.  Confident,  sure,  assured,  certain,  fully  con- 
vinced. 

5.  Indisputable,  decisive,  incontrovertible,  in- 
dubitable. 

6.  Decisive,  unconditional,  imperative. 

7.  Dogmatic,  stubborn,  peremptory,  obstinate, 
over-confident,  tenacious,  overbearing. 

Positively,  ad.  I.  Expressly,  explicitly,  pre- 
cisely, categorically,  definitely,  directly. 

2.  Actually,  really,  truly,  in  fact,  in  reality. 

3.  Absolutel^r. 

4.  Really,  directly,  inherently. 

5.  Certamly,  surely,  assuredly,  confidently. 

6.  Certainly,  indubitably,  assuredly. 

7.  Peremptorily,  dogmatically,  arbitrarily. 
Possess,  V.    a.       I.    Own,  have   a   title   to,  be 

seized  of. 

2.  Have,  hold,  occupy,  control. 

3.  Put  in  possession. 

4.  Acquaint,  inform,  make  known. 

5.  Seize,  obtain,  take  posses.sion  of. 
Possession,  «.     I.   Ownership. 

2.  Occupation,  occupancy,    control,    tenure, 
retention. 

3.  Thing  possessed,  property. 

4.  State    of  being    possessed,    madness,    lu- 
nacy. 

Possessions,    «.  //.       Property,    estate,    effects, 

assets. 
Possessor,  «.     I.  Owner,  proprietor,  master. 

2.   Holder,  occupant,  occupier. 
Possibility*  «•     I.   Potentiality. 

2.  Contingency. 

3.  Chance. 

Possible,  a.    1.   Potential,  in  posse. 

2.  Practicable,  feasible,  likely. 
Possibly,  ad.     Perhaps,  perchance,  peradventure, 

mayhap,  haply,  maybe,  it  may  be,  as  luck  may 

have  it. 
Post,  n.    I.   Pillar,  column,  support. 

2.  Station,  position,  seat. 

3.  Office,  employment,  place,   situation,  sta- 
tion. 

4.  Messenger,  intelligencer,  mercury. 

5.  Postman,    courier,    letter-carrier,    express, 
mail-carrier. 

6.  Mail. 

7.  Speed,  haste,  hurry,  despatch. 

Post,  V.  a.  I.  Place,  station,  set,  put,  fix,  estab- 
lish. 

2.  Placard,  advertise,  announce,  make  known, 
blaze  abroad,  spread  abroad. 

3.  Stigmatize  (^y  public  notice),  vilify,  brand, 
defame,  disgrace. 

4.  Put  in  the  ledger,  carry  to  the  ledger. 

5.  Mail,  put  in  the  mail,  put  in  the  post-office. 
Posted,  a.     I.   Placed,  situated. 

2.  [Colloq.yU.  S.)    Instructed,  well-informed, 
posted  up. 
Poster,    n.      Placard,  bill,  hand-bill,   broadside, 

afficiu. 
Posterior,  a.       I.     Subsequent,  following,  later, 
after,  succeeding,  ensuing. 
2.  Hind,  hinder,  back,  rear. 


POSTERITY 


820 


PRACTICAL 


Posterity,  «.  Descendants,  offspring,  progeny, 
succeeding  generations. 

Postfix,  n.     Affix,  suffix. 

Posthaste,  ad.  With  speed,  with  expedition,  fast, 
rapidly. 

Posthumous,  a.     Post-obit,  after  death. 

Postman,  n.     Courier,  post,  letter-carrier. 

Post-meridian,  a.    Afternoon. 

Post  mortem.     [L.]     I.   After  death. 

2.   Autopsy,    post-mortem   examination,  post- 
obit. 

Postpone,  V.  a.  Defer,  delay,  adjourn,  procrasti- 
nate, put  off,  stave  off,  let  lie  over,  prorogue. 

Post-prandial,  a.     After-dinner. 

Postscript,  n.     Appendix,  supplement. 

Postulate,    n.       I.    Supposition,    conjecture,   hy- 
pothesis, assumption,  theory,  speculation,  axiom, 
assumed  truth,  posiulaium. 
2.  (Geom.)    Self-evident  problem. 

Postulate,  z/- a.     I.   Assume,  presuppose. 
2.    Solicit,  entreat,  supplicate,  beseech. 

Postulation,  ».  I.  Gratuitous  assumption,  sup- 
position. 

2.  Supplication,  intercession,  solicitation,  re- 
quest- 

3.  Suit,  cause. 

Posture,  «.     I.   Position,  attitude,  pose. 

2.  State,  condition,  situation,  phase. 

3.  Disposition,  mood,  condition,  state,  phase. 
Posy,  n.     I.    Nosegay,  bouquet,  bunch  of  flowers. 

2.    Inscription  {as  on  a  ring),  legend,  motto, 
verse. 
Pot,  n.    I.   Kettle,  saucepan,  pan,  skillet. 

2.  Mug,  cup,  stoop,  tankard,  can. 

3.  Jar,  jug,  crock. 

Potable,  a.      Drinkable,   potulent,  that  may  be 

drunk. 
Potable,  «.     Beverage,  drink. 
Potash,  «.     Potassa,  protoxide  of  potassium. 
Potassa,  n.    See  Potash. 
Potation,  ».     I.    Drinking. 

2.  Drink,  draught. 

3.  Dram,  drink,  potion,  draught. 

_  A.  Drinking-bout,  debauch,  carouse,  perpota- 
tion,  tippling. 

Pot-hellied,  a.  Large-bellied,  great-bellied,  big- 
bellied,  tun-bellied,  paunchy,  abdominous. 

Pot-companion,  ».  Fellow-drinker,  pot-man, 
boon  companion. 

Potency,   «.      I.     Power,   might,    efficacy,   force, 
strength,  energy,  vigor,  puissance. 
2.   Authority,  influence,  sway,  control. 

Potent,  a.  I.  Strong,  forcible,  powerful,  effica- 
cious, physically  strong. 

2.  Powerful,  mighty,  able,  efficient,  puissant, 
strong. 

3.  Influential,  efficacious,  cogent,  powerful. 
Potentate,  «.    Monarch,  sovereipfn,  king,  emperor, 

prince,  ruler. 
Potential,  a.     Possible,  in  posse. 
Potentiality,  «.     Possibility. 
Pother,  «.     Bustle,  tumult,  turmoil,  flutter,  rum- 

Eus,  confusion,  pudder,  huddle,  turbulence,  hurly- 
urly,  commotion. 

Pother,  V.  a.  Harass,  perplex,  puzzle,  tease, 
embarrass,  beset,  confuse,  confound,  bewilder, 
pose. 

Pot-house,  ft.  Ale-house,  grog-shop,  tavern, 
public-house. 

Potion,  n.  Draught  {especially  of  medicine),  dose, 
drench,  cup. 

Pot-pourri,  «.  [Fr.]  Medley,  mixture,  hotch- 
potch, hodge-podge,  farrago,  jumble,  miscellany, 
salmagundi,  gallimaufry,  olio,  mish-mash,  con- 
fused mass,  vtelange. 

Potter,  V.  «.  Trifle,  pudder,  busy  one's  self  about 
trifles. 


Pottery,  «.     Earthen  ware,  clay  ware. 
Potulent,  a.     I.   Drinkable,  potable. 

2.  Muddled,  fuddled,  boosy,  mellow,  disguised, 
muzzy,  worse  for  liquor,  mused. 
Pouch,  «.     Bag  (small),  sack. 
Poultice,  n.     Cata])lasm. 
Poultry,  «.     Domestic  fowls. 
Pounce,  n.     Claw,  talon. 

Pounce  upon.     Seize  (as  with  claws),  fall  upon. 
Pound,  V.  a.     I.    Beat,  strike. 

2.  Bray,  bruise,  crush,  pulverize,  triturate, 
comminute,  levigate. 

3.  Impound,  confine  in  a  pound,  coop,  enclose, 
shut  up. 

Pour,  V.  a.     I.    Let  flow  {by  decanting). 

2.   Emit,  let  out,  give  vent  to,  send  forth. 
Pour,  V.  n.     Flow,  issue,  stream. 
Pourhoire,  «.     Drink-money,  trinkgeld. 
Pout,   n.      I,    Whiting-pout,  bib-pout  (Morrkua 
Itisca). 

2.  Catfish,  horn-pout,  horned-pout,  bull-head 
{Pimelodus  cattus). 

3.  Fit  of  sullenness,  sulk. 

Pout,  V.  n.  Look  sullen  {by  protruding  the  lips), 
look  black,  show  ill-temper. 

Pouting,  a.     Sulky,  sullen,  ill-humored. 

Poverty,  n.  I.  Indigence,  penury,  want,  destitu- 
tion, need,  necessity,  privation,  neediness,  dis- 
tress, straitened  circumstances. 

2.  Beggary,  mendicancy,  pauperism. 

3.  Need,  lack,  want,  deficiency,  scantiness, 
sparingness,  meagreness,  jejuneness. 

4-.   Paucity,  exiguity,  poorness,  smallness. 
5.    Barrenness,  sterility,  unproductiveness,  un- 
fruitfulness. 
Powder,  «.     I,  Dust,  pulverized  substance. 

2.   Gunpowder. 
Powder,  v.  a.    I.  Comminute,  pulverize,  levigate, 
triturate. 
2.   Sprinkle. 
Powder-post, «.     \U.S.'\    Dry-rot,  sap-rot. 
Powdery,  a.     I.   Dusty,  mealy,  pulverulent. 

2.    Friable,  crumbling. 
Power,  n.      I.    Ableness,  efficacy,  ability,  capa- 
bility, faculty,  efficiency,  cogency,  competency, 
might. 

2.  Force,  energy,  strength,  ability. 

3.  Susceptibility,  capacity. 

4.  Faculty,  talent,  endowment,  gift. 

5.  Authority,  authoritativeness,  rule,  preroga- 
tive, sovereignty,  sway,  control,  domination,  do- 
minion, influence,  command,  government. 

6.  Sovereign,  potentate,  governor,  ruler,  mon- 
arch. 

7.  Divinity,  angel  {good  ox  bad),  spirit. 

8.  Host,  army,  troop. 

9.  Fleet,  navy. 

Powerful,  a.     I.   Mighty,  potent,  puissant. 

2.  Vigorous,  robust,  sturdy,  strong,  able- 
bodied,  muscular,  sinewy,  nervous. 

3.  Of  great  power,  commanding,  able,  over- 
powering, dominating,  forcible,  forceful. 

4.  Efficacious,  effective,  efficient,  effectual, 
energetic,  operative,  influential,  cogent,  valid. 

Pnacticahility,    «•     I.   Feasibility,    feasibleness, 

possibility,  practicableness. 
2.    Fitness  for  use,  the  being  open  to  travel  or 

passage,  passability,   passableness,  openness  to 

entrance. 
Practicable,  a.     I.   Feasible,  performable,  pos- 
sible, achievable,  attainable. 
2.  Capable  of  use,  usable,  capable  of  passage 

or  entrance,  passable,  penetrable. 
Practicableness,  «.     See  Practicability, 
Practical,  a.     I.   Adapted  to  practice  or  use,  not 

speculative,  not  theoretical,  adjusted  to  facts,  not 

visionary. 


PRACTICALLY 


321 


PRECIOUS  METALS 


2.   Experienced,    versed,    proficient,    trained, 
qualified,  practised,  skilled,  thoroughbred,  able, 
au  /ait. 
Practically^  ad.    I.   See  Practical. 

2.   Actually,  as  a  matter  of  fact,   in  fact,    in 
effect,  so  far  as  results  are  concerned. 
PractiC8t   «•     !•   Custom,  habit,   wont,   frequent 
repetition. 

2.  Use,  usage,  customary  course. 

3.  Acting  out,  actual  performance,  doing, 
habitual  doing. 

4.  Exercise  {as  of  a  profession),  pursuit,  appli- 
cation. 

5.  Exercise,  drill,  habitual  performance  {/or 
skilTs  sake),  constant  exercise  or  use. 

6.  Actions,  acts,  behavior,  conduct,  proceed- 
ing, dealing. 

Practise,  v.  a.  [Written  also  Practice.]  I.  Do 
or  perform  repeatedly,  exercise  or  drill  one's 
self  in. 

2.  Exercise,  apply,  pursue,  carry  on,  use. 

3.  Put  into  action  or  practice,  carry  out,  do, 
perform,  perpetrate. 

Practised,  a.  Experienced,  instructed,  versed, 
thoroughbred,  trained,  accomplished,  proficient, 
able,  skilled,  qualified,  practical,  au/ait. 

Pragmatical,  a.  I.  Meddling,  officious,  meddle- 
some, impertinent,  intermeddling,  interfering, 
intrusive,  obtrusive,  over-busy. 

2.  Very  matter-of-fact,  absorbed  in  realism, 
hostile  to  ideals,  fond  of  the  material,  obtuse  to 
ideas,  stolid,  of  the  earth,  earthy. 

Praise,  «.  I.  Commendation,  approval,  appro- 
bation.    See  Applause. 

2.  Eulogy,  eulogium,  encomium,  laud,  lauda- 
tion, glorification,  panegyric,  tribute  of  praise. 

3.  Glorification,  homage,  worship,  tribute  of 
gratitude,  exaltation,  extolling,  7>  Deum,  Laus 
Deo.,  Gloria  in  excelsis,  Gloria^  hosanna,  alle- 
luia. 

4.  Fame,  renown,  celebrity,  distinction,  honor, 
glory. 

5.  Merit,  desert,  praiseworthiness,  ground  for 
praise. 

Praise,  v.  a.  I.  Commend,  approve,  approbate, 
applaud 

2.  Extol,  eulogize,  panegyrize,  celebrate,  laud. 

3.  Magnify,  glorify,  exalt,  worship,  adore, 
bless,  do  homage  to,  do  honor  to. 

Praiseworthy,  a.  Commendable,  laudable,  meri- 
torious, deserving  of  approbation. 

Prank,  «.  Caper,  frolic,  antic,  gambol,  trick- 
Prank,  V.  a.     Bedizen,  begaud,  trick  out 

Prank,  v.  n.  Make  ostentation,  make  a  gaudy 
show. 

Pranked  out.  Bedizened,  jaunty,  showy,  ostenta- 
tious, finical,  airy,  gairish,  flashy. 

Prankish,  a.  Sportive,  plavful,  frolicsome,  game- 
some, antic,  mischievous,  full  of  play,  full  of  fun. 

Prate,  v.  «.  Prattle,  chatter,  tattle,  babble, 
gabble,  palaver,  jabber,  be  loquacious,  be  garru- 
lous. 

Prate,  v.  a.  Tell  {/oolishly),  babble,  utter,  prate 
about 

Prate,  «.  Prattle,  gabble,  chatter,  twaddle, 
palaver,  idle  talk,  childish  talk,  twattle,  non- 
sense. 

Prater,  «.  Chatterer,  rattle-head,  prattler,  tattler, 
babbler,  gabbler,  palaverer. 

Prattle,  v.  «.     See  Prate. 

Prattle,  «.     See  Prate. 

Pray,  v.  a.  Ask  (earnestly),  request,  entreat,  im- 
portune, beseech,  supplicate,  implore,  beg,  peti- 
tion, invoke,  conjure,  call  upon.     See  Adjure. 

Pray,  v.  «.  I.  [Usually  with  /or.'^  Supplicate, 
entreat,  petition,  beg,  implore,  importune,  prefer 
a  petition  or  request. 


2.   Commune  with  God,  address  the  Supreme 
Being,  supplicate  our  Maker,  seek  the  throne  of 
grace,  approach  the  mercy-seat. 
Prayer,  »     I.    Supplication,  entreaty,  solicitation, 
imploration,  beseeching,  suit,  petition,  request. 

2.  Communion  with  God,  invocation  of  God, 
supplication  of  God,  devotion  (s),  invocation, 
orison,  litany,  suffrage  {eccles.),  adoration. 
Prayerful,  a.  Given  to  prayer,  of  much  converse 
With  God,  devout,  devotional,  religious,  pious, 
lowly-minded,  reverent. 
Praying-macUne,  «.  I.  Praying-mill,  praying- 
wheel. 

2.   Formalist,  maker  of  vain  repetitions,  sup- 
pliant with  the  lips. 
Preach,  v.  a.     I.   Proclaim  {as  in  a  religious  dis- 
course), declare,  publish,  pronounce,  deliver. 
2.    Inculcate,  teach,  urge,  press  urgently. 
Preach,  v.  «.     I.   Deliver  sermons,  discourse   on 
religious  subjects. 

2.   Prate    sanctimoniously,  exhort  over-right- 
eously,  moralize  ex  catliedra. 


Preaching  friar.    Blackfriar,  Dominican,  Jacobin, 
preche-i 
_  ntly,  tall 
exhortation,  unduly  extol. 


predicant,  preaching  brother, /V-^r/f^ 
Preach  up.     Commend  urgently,  talk  up,  urge  by 


Preamble,  «.  Introduction  {especially  of  a  legis- 
lative act),  prelude,  preface,  introductory  part. 

Precarious,  a.  Uncertain,  unsettled,  unsteady, 
doubtful,  dubious,  equivocal,  insecure,  not  to  be 
depended  upon,  unreliable,  hazardous,  perilous, 
risky,  riskful,  unassured. 

Precatory,  a  Suppliant,  beseeching,  supplicating, 
imploring,  praying,  begging,  entreating,  of  sup- 
plication, prayer,  or  entreaty. 

Precaution,  ».  I.  Forethought,  foresight,  timely 
care,  prudence,  providence,  circumspection,  wan- 
ness, care. 

2.  Premunition,  prior  measure,  preventive 
measure,  provision. 

Precautionary,  a.  Provident,  preservative,  pre- 
ventive. 

Precede,  v.  a.  Go  before  {in  place  or  in  time),  go 
ahead  of,  take  the  lead  of,  be  anterior  to,  take 
precedence  of,  lead,  introduce,  herald,  usher  in, 
head. 

Precedence,  I  «.    I.  Priority  {in  time),  anterior- 
Precedency,  )     ity,  antecedence. 

2.  Preference,  superiority,  pre-eminence,  lead, 
supremacy. 

Precedent,  a.     Antecedent     See  Preceding. 

Precedent,  «.  Authoritative  example,  prior  in- 
stance, antecedent,  example,  pattern,  historic 
warrant,  authority  in  past  practice. 

Preceding,  a.^  Antecedent,  precedent,  anterior, 
previous,  prior,  precursory,  earlier,  foregoing, 
above,  above-mentioned,  aforesaid,  above-named. 

Precept,  «■    I.  Command,  injunction,  instruction, 
order,  mandate,  commandment,  behest,  dictate, 
decree,  edict,  law,  ordinance,  ordination,  regula- 
tion, canon. 
2.   Doctrine,  principle,  maxim,  rule,  direction. 

Preceptor,  «.  Teacher,  tutor,  instructor,  master, 
sclioolmaster.     See  Pedagogue. 

Precinct,  «.     I.   Limit,  confine,  bound,  boundary, 
terminus,    term,    list,    border,    frontier,    march, 
purlieu,  environs. 
2.   District,  territorial  division. 

Precious,  a.     I.   Costly,  of  great  price,  priceless. 

2.  Very  valuable,  of  great  worth,  of  great 
value,  inestimable,  priceless. 

3.  Dear,  beloved,  darling,  very  estimable, 
highly  esteemed  or  valued,  cherished,  treas- 
ured, prized,  idolized,  adored. 

4.  (ironical.)  Good-for-nothing,  worthless, 
contemptible,  base,  despicable,  pitiful. 

Precious  metals.    Gold  and  silver. 


21 


PRECIOUS  STONES 


322 


PREFIGURATION 


Precious  stones.     Jewels,  gems. 

Precipice,  n.     Cliff,  crag,  steep,  abrupt  declivity, 

clift. 
Precipitance,  )  «.    I.  Haste,  hurry,  precipitation. 
Precipitancy, )      flurry. 

2.   Rashness,  temerity,  precipitation,  reckless- 
ness,  heedlessness,   inconsiderateness,    thought- 
lessness.    See  Rashness. 
Precipitate,  v.  a.       I.    Throw  or  hurl  headlong, 
cast  down,  fling  downward. 

2.  Hasten,  hurry,  accelerate,  speed,  expedite, 
urge  forward,  quicken,  despatch,  forward,  ad- 
vance, further,  bring  on,  cause  to  occur  too  soon, 
bring  on  sooner. 

3.  {Chem.)    Throw  down,  cause  to  subside. 
Precipitate,  «.     {Chem.)    Precipitated  substance. 
Precipitate,  a.      I.    Hasty,  hurried,  rash,   head- 
long, reckless,  indiscreet,  over-hasty,  rashly  hasty. 

2.   Violent,  sudden,  abrupt. 
Precipitation,  «.      I.     Haste,  hurry,  flurry,  pre- 
cipitance, precipitancy. 

2.     Rashness,    recklessness,     thoughtlessness, 
heedlessness,  inconsiderateness,  temerity. 
Precipitous,  a.     I.   Steep,  abrupt,  sheer,  perpen- 
dicular. 

2.     Precipitate,    headlong,    rushing,    sudden, 
sheer  downward. 
Precise,  a-     I.    Exact,  correct,  definite,  strict,  ex- 
press, distinct,  explicit,  severe,  well-defined,  accu- 
rate, nice,  pointed,  unequivocal. 

2.  Scrupulous,  strict,  careful,  exact  {in  con- 
duct). 

3.  Formal,  ceremonious,  stiff,  rigid,  starch, 
starched,  prim,  punctilious,  finical. 

Precisian,  «.     Formalist,  martinet,  precisianist. 

Precision,  m  Exactness,  preciseness,  accuracy, 
nicety,  distinctness,  exactitude,  severe  correct- 
ness, rigorous  truth. 

Preclude,  v.  a.  Prevent,  hinder,  debar,  restrain, 
inhibit,  stop,  bar,  shut  out,  obviate. 

Precocious,  a.  Premature  {especially  in  mental 
development),  too  forward,  over-forward. 

Precocity,  «•  Prematureness  {of  the  mental/acui- 
ties)^ precociousness,  unusually  early  develop- 
ment. 

Preconceive,  v.  a.  Prejudge,  form  a  prior  con- 
ception of. 

Preconception,  «.  Anticipatory  notion,  anticipa- 
tion, conception  previous  to  the  fact,  prejudiced 
view,  prejudice. 

Preconcert,  v.  a.  Premeditate,  predetermine, 
consider  beforehand,  agree  to  beforehand,  pre- 
arrange, concoct,  prepare. 

Precursor,  «.  I.  Forerunner,  predecessor,  ante- 
cedent, cause. 

2.  Messenger,  harbinger,  herald,  vancourier, 
avant-courier,  pioneer,  advance-guard. 

Prectirsory,  a.  I.  Forerunning,  preceding,  pre- 
cedent, antecedent,  anterior,  prior,  previous, 
prevenient. 

2.  Prelusive,  prelusory,  introductory,  prefa- 
tory, precursive,  preliminary,  proemial,  prepara- 
tory, initiatory,  premonitory,  prognosticative. 

Predacious,  a.  Rapacious,  ravenous,  greedy, 
voracious,  living  by  prey. 

Predatory,  a.     Plundering,  pillaging,  ravaging. 

Predecessor,  «.  I.  Precursor  {in  any  office  or 
posit io7t\  forerunner. 

2.   Ancestor,  forefather,  progenitor,  elder. 

Predestinate,  v.  a.  Predetermine,  foreordain, 
preordain,  predestine,  foredoom,  appoint  before- 
hand. 

Predestination,  n.  Predetermination,  foreordina- 
nation,  preordination,  foreordainment,  foredoom, 
necessity,  fate. 

Predestine,  v.  a.  Predetermine.  See  Predesti- 
nate. 


Predetermination,  «.  See  Predestination. 
Predetermined,  a.  Foregone,  already  settled. 
PredicaWe,  a.      Aflirmable,   attributable,  holding 

true  or  good. 
Predicament,  n.      I.   Situation  {especially  a  bad 

situation)^    condition,    state,    position,    posture, 

attitude,  plight,  case. 

2.  {Colloq.)  Pass,  pinch,  push,  extremity, 
exigency,  emergency,  conjuncture. 

3.  {Log^.)    Category,  head  of  predication. 
Predicant,   «.       Dominican,  Jacobin,   Blackfriar, 

preaching  friar,  frkre  prtcheur. 

Predicate,  v.  a.  Assert,  maintain,  aver,  declare, 
say. 

Predication,  «.  Assertion,  declaration,  averment, 
statement. 

Predict,  v.  a.  Foretell,  prophesy,  prognosticate, 
presage,  augur,  betoken,  foretoken,  portend, 
divine,  forebode.     See  Vaticinate. 

Prediction,  «.  Prophecy,  prognostication,  augury, 
presage,  foreboding,  vaticination,  divination, 
soothsaying,  foretelling,  fore-announcement. 

Predictive,  a.  Prophetic,  presaging,  foretelling, 
portending,  betokening,  foreshadowing. 

Predictor,^  «.  Foreteller,  prophet,  soothsayer, 
seer,  vaticinator,  augur,  diviner. 

Predilection,  «.  Prepossession  {in  favor  of), 
partiahty,  preference,  inclination,  bent,  leaning, 
bias,  predisposition,  liking,  fondness,  love,  desire. 

Predispose,  v.  a.  Incline,  dispose,  bias,  fit,  pre- 
pare, make  ready. 

Predisposition,   «.      I.     Inclination,   disposition, 
willingness,  propensity,  proclivity,  leaning,  bent, 
bias,  proneness,  natural  tendency,  aptitude. 
2.   Prepossession.     See  Predilection. 

Predominance,  )  n.     Supremacy,  ascendency,  as- 

Predominancy,  j  cendancy,  dominion,  domina- 
tion, dominance,  rule,  reign,  prevalence,  supe- 
riority, sovereignty,  mastery,  preponderance, 
prepollence,  prepollency,  controlling  influence, 
sway,  authority. 

Predominant,  a.  Prevailing,  prevalent,  supreme, 
ascendant,  overruling,  dominant,  sovereign,  reg- 
nant. 

Predominate,  v.  n.  Prevail,  dominate,  rule,  pre- 
ponderate, be  supreme,  be  sovereign,  be  in  the 
ascendant. 

Pre-eminence,  «.  Superiority,  supremacy,  prece- 
dence, priority  of  place,  excellence,  supreme 
excellence,  commanding  position. 

Pre-eminent,  a.  Superior,  supreme,  excellent, 
excelling,  surpassing,  peerless,  unequalled,  tran- 
scendent, paramount,  consummate,  predominant. 

Pre-engage,  v.  a.     Preoccupy. 

Preface,  «.  Introduction,  preamble,  proem,  pre- 
lude, prolegomena,  exordium,  preliminary,  prelu- 
sion,  prolusion.     See  Prologue. 

Prefatory,  a.  Introductory,  preliminary,  prelu- 
sive, prelusory,  precursory,  precursive,  proemial, 
preparatory,  initiative. 

Prefer,  v.  a.  I.  Offer,  proffer,  tender,  present, 
address,  bring  forward,  set  forth. 

2.  Raise,  elevate,  promote,  advance. 

3.  Choose,  select,  elect,  pick,  pick  out,  single 
out,  fix  upon,  pitch  upon,  fancy,  count  more 
desirable. 

Preferable,  a.  More  eligible,  more  desirable,  de- 
serving of  preference,  worthier  of  choice,  to  be 
preferred,  better. 

Preferably,  ad.  Rather,  by  preference,  by 
choice. 

Preference,  «.  Choice,  election,  selection,  predi- 
lection, estimation,  precedence,  priority. 

Preferment,  «.  Promotion,  advancement,  exalta- 
tion, elevation,  dignity,  benefice. 

Prefieuration,  «.  Type,  foreshadowing,  adum- 
bration. 


PREFIGURE 


323 


PRESAGE 


Prefigure,  v.  a.      Foreshow,    foretoken,  betoken, 

foreshadow,  portend,  signify,  indicate. 
Pregnant,  a.      I.  With  child,  gravid,  great  with 
child,  enceinte, 

2.  Fraught,  replete,  full,  teeming  with  mean- 
ing, important,  significant. 

3.  Fruitful,  fertile,  prolific,  productive,  impreg- 
nating, generative,  fecund,  procreant. 

Prejudge,  v.  a.     Forejudge,  prejudicate. 

Prejudgment,  «.     Prejudice. 

Prejudicate,  v.  a.     See  Prejudge. 

Prejudice,  n.  I.  Prejudgment,  prepossession 
{against),  bias,  unfairness,  preconception,  par- 
tiality. 

2.  Harm,  mischief,  hurt,  detriment,  loss,  in- 
jury, damage,  disadvantage,  impairment. 

Prejudice,    v.    a.       I.     Bias,    warp,    prepossess 
unfavorably,  influence  against. 
2.    Injure,  damage,  hurt,  impair,  diminish. 

Prejudiced,  a.  Biassed,  bigoted,  wedded  to  an 
opinion,  unfair,  partial,  partisan,  one-sided. 

Prejudicial,  a.  Hurtful,  mischievous,  injurious, 
detrimental,  deleterious,  noxious,  damaging,  dis- 
advantageous, unfavorable,  inimical,  hostile. 

Prelacy,  «.  I.  Office  of  prelate,  prelateship,  pre- 
lature,  episcopal  office. 

2.  Episcopacy,  prelatism,  hierarchy,  hierarch- 
ism,  hierocracy. 

Prelate,  «.  Archbishop,  bishop,  cardinal,  patri- 
arch,  primate,  pope,  pontiff,  ecclesiastic  in 
authority. 

Prelect,  v.  «.  Lecture,  discourse,  read,  deliver 
lectures. 

Prelection,  n.    Lecture,  discourse,  reading. 

Prelector,  «.     Lecturer,  reader. 

Preliminary,  a.  Introductory,  preparatory,  prefa- 
tory, proemial,  prelusive,  prelusory,  precursory, 
precursive,  initiatory,  previous,  prior,  precedent, 
antecedent. 

Preliminary,  «.  Introduction,  preparatory  step, 
act,  or  measure.     See  Prelude. 

Prelude^  «.  Introduction,  preparation,  prelusion, 
preliminary,  preface,  preamble,  proem,  exordium. 
See  Prologuh. 

Prelusive,   1   a.      Introductory,     prefatory.      See 

Prelusory,  )      Preliminary. 

Premature,  a.  I.  Precocious,  too  forward,  too 
soon  ripe. 

2.  Unseasonable,  too  early,  untimely,  precip- 
itate, hasty,  ill-considered,  sooner  than  intended, 
sooner  than  due,  unmatured. 

Prematurely,  ad.  Precociously,  too  early,  too 
soon. 

Premeditate,  v.  a.  Precontrive,  plan  beforehand, 
deliberate,  deliberately  intend,  predetermine, 
predesign,  plan,  plot,  prearrange. 

Premeditation,  «.  Forethought,  previous  de- 
liberation, reflection,  or  thought,  predeter- 
mination, deliberate  intent  or  intention,  design, 
distinct  purpose. 

Premier,  n.     Prime  minister. 

Premise,  v.  a.  Preface,  lay  down  beforehand, 
state  at  the  outset,  set  forth  at  the  beginning, 
explain  previously. 

Premise,  v.  n.  Begin,  enter  upon  the  subject, 
open,  set  out. 

Premise,  n.  I.  Antecedent,  proposition,  ground, 
argument,  support. 

2.  [.Only  in  //.]  Conditions,  relations,  facts 
rehearsed,  circumstances. 

Premium,  «.  I.  Reward,  recompense,  remun- 
eration, meed,  guerdon,  encouragement,  douceur, 
bounty,  prize,  bonus. 

2.  Annual  rate  \,of  insurance),  yearly  pay- 
ment. 

3.  Rate  above  par,  amount  over  par,  en- 
hancemeut,  appreciation. 


Premonisll,  v.  a.    Forewarn,  caution,  warn,  ](hre 

warning  to. 

Premonition,  n.  Caution,  warning,  indication, 
foreshadowing,  forewarning,  sign,  omen,  presage, 
portent. 

Premonitory,  a.  Betokening,  indicating,  in- 
dicative, warning,  foretokening. 

Preoccupation,  n.  I.  Prior  occupation,  previous 
occupation,  earlier  possession. 

2.  Prepossession. 

3.  Abstraction,  inattention,  inadvertence,  in- 
advertency, revery,  musing,  absence,  muse,  ab- 
sence of  mind,  brown  study. 

Preoccupied,  a.  Inattentive,  abstracted,  absent, 
absent-minded,  lost,  dreaming,  musing,  in  a 
brown  study,  unobservant,  inadvertent. 

Preordain,  v.  a.  Predetermine,  pre-establish, 
foreordain,  predestinate,  predestine,  foredoom, 
appoint  beforehand. 

Preparation,  «.  I.  Act  of  preparing,  making 
ready,  arrangement,  plan. 

2.  State  of  being  prepared,  ^  preparedness, 
adaptedness,  case,  condition,  readiness. 

3.  Combination,  confection. 

4.  Qualification,  fitting. 

Pr^paratiye,  a.  ^  Antecedently  necessary,  pre- 
paratory, qualifying,  fitting. 

Preparative,  «.     Preparation. 

Preparatory,  a.  Introductory,  preliminary,  pref- 
atory, previous,  antecedent. 

Prepare,  v.  a.     I.   Fit,  adapt,  qualify,  adjust. 
2.    Provide,  procure,  get  ready,  put  in   order, 
arrange,  order,  make,  plan. 

Prepare,  w.  «.  Get  ready,  put  things  in  order, 
set  one's  house  in  order,  make  arrangements, 
make  provision,  take  steps. 

Prepense,  a.  Devised  or  contrived  beforehand, 
premeditated,  aforethought. 

Preponderance,  «.  I.  Outweighing,  preponder- 
ating. 

2.  Superiority  of  weight,  influence,  or  power, 
ascendency. 

Preponderant,  a.  Outweighing,  overbalancing, 
preponderating. 

Preponderate,  v.  «.  I.  Weigh  the  most,  exceed 
in  weight. 

2.  Prevail,  be  superior,  have  the  superiority, 
predominate,  exceed  in  influence  or  power,  in- 
cline to  one  side. 

Preponderation,  ».  Outweighing,  preponder- 
ance. 

Prepossess,  v.  a.  I.  Preoccupy,  have  prior  pos- 
session of. 

2.  Bias,  prejudice,  give  previous  inclination  to 
for  or  against. 

Prepossessing,  a.  Attractive,  allurinj^,  engaging, 
winning,  fascinating,  taking,  captivating,  be- 
witching, winning  or  inviting  favor,  charming. 

Prepossession,  n.  I.  Preoccupation,  prior  pos- 
session. 

2.  Bias,  one-sidedness,  bent,  preconceived 
opinion,  inclination,  preconception,  prejudgment, 
prejudice. 

Preposterous,  a.  I.  Perverted,  having  the  cart 
before  the  horse,  reversed. 

2.  Absurd,  unreasonable,  extravagant,  exces- 
sive, ridiculous,  irrational,  foolish,  monstrous, 
exorbitant,  perverted,  wrong. 

Preposterousness,  «.  Absurdity,  unreasonable- 
ness, irrationality,  foolishness,  folly,  extravagance, 
inconsistency  with  nature  or  reason. 

Prepuce,  «.     Foreskin. 

Prerogative,  «.  Privilege,  immunity,  right,  lib- 
erty, franchise,  advantage. 

Presage,   v.  a.     I.    Forebode,    divine,    foreknow, 
have  a  presentiment  of. 
2.   Foretell,  predict,  prophesy,  soothsay,  bode. 


PRESAGE 


824 


PRETERNATURAL 


portend,  foreshow,  indicate,  betoken,  foretoken, 
prognosticate,  augur.     See  Vaticinate. 

Presage, «.  I.  Omen,  sign,  prognostic,  augury, 
portent,  token,  boding,  foreshowing,  indication, 
auspice. 

2.   Prophecy,   prediction,    foreboding,  premo- 
nition, foreknowledge,  presentiment. 

Fresbyopia«  I  «.     far-sightedness,  old  sight,  pres- 

Presbyopy,  )     bytia. 

Presbyopic,  a.  Far-sighted,  presbytic,  old-sighted, 
long-sighted. 

Presbytia,  a.     Far-sighted,  presbyopic 

Prescience»  «.  Foreknowledge,  precognition, 
foresight,  forecast,  prevision. 

Prescient,  a.     Foreknowing,  foreseeing.  _ 

Prescribe,  v..  a.  _  Direct,  order,  appoint,  com- 
mand, ordain,  dictate,  enjoin,  decree,  institute, 
establish. 

Prescript,  «.  Direction,  decree,  rule,  ordinance, 
law,  precept,  mandate. 

Prescription,  «.     I.  Direction,  prescript. 

2.  Custom,  usage. 

3.  {Med.)    Recipe. 

Presence,  K.    I.  Nearness,  neighborhood,  vicinity. 

2.  Personality. 

3.  Mien,  air,  appearance,  carriage,  port,   de- 
meanor. 

4.  Presence-chamber,  state-room. 
Present,  a.     I.   At  hand,  not  absent,  near,   not 

away. 

2.  Instant,  current,    existing,    not    past    nor 
future. 

3.  Quick  in  emergencies,  ready,  at  hand. 

4.  Instant,  immediate. 

5.  Propitious,  attentive,  favorable. 

6.  Favorably    attentive,    not    heedless,    pro- 
pitious. 

Present)  n.     Gift,  donation,  donative,  benefaction, 

offering,  gratuity,  largess,  boon,  grant,  douceur. 
Present,  v.  a.     I.    Introduce,  make  known. 

2.  Exhibit,  offer,  bring  to  notice,  set  forth. 

3.  Give,  bestow,  confer,  grant. 

4.  Hand,  put  into  one's  hands,  deliver,  make 
over. 

5.  Proffer,  offer  openly. 

6.  Point,  level,  aim. 
Presentation,  «.     I.    Introduction. 

2.  Exhibition,   representation,  show,  display, 
appearance,  figure,  semblance. 

3.  Bestowal,  donation,  giving,  offering,  gift. 
Presentiment,    «.     Foreboding,    foretaste,    fore- 
thought, prescience,  forecast. 

Presently,    ad.     Directly,    immediately,    without 
delay,   forthwith,   soon,  shortly,  pretty  soon,  in 
a  short  time. 
Presentment,  «.     Appearance,  representation. _ 
Preservation,  «.     I.   Maintenance,  conservation, 
protection. 

2.  Security,  safety,  salvation. 

3.  Integrity,  soundness- 
Preservative,  a.     Conservative,  preservatory. 
Preservatory,  a.     Preservative. 

Preserve,  v.  a.  I.  Keep,  guard,  protect,  defend, 
secure,  shield,  save. 

2.  Maintain,  uphold,  sustain,  guard,  keep. 

3.  Conserve,  keep  sound,  save  from  decay. 
Preserve,  «.     I.    Sweetmeat,  confect,   confection, 

comfit,    confit,  confiture,    jam,    conserve,    jelly, 

marmalade. 
2.    Enclosure  {/or  game). 
Preseirver,    «.     I.     Saviour,    protector,    keeper, 

defender,  guardian,  safeguard. 
2.   Preservative,  means  of  preservation. 
Preside,   v.  n.      Direct,   control,   govern,  act  as 

president. 
Presi?nify,  v.  a.     Prefigure,  foreshow,  preshow, 

foretoken,  foreshadow,  portend,  augur,  betoken. 


Press,  V.  a.     I.  Compress,  squeeze,  crowd,  crush. 

2.  Squeeze  out,  express. 

3.  Make  smooth,  smooth,  flatten. 

4.  Embrace  closely,  hug,  clasp. 

5.  Constrain,  compel,  force. 

6.  Enjoin,  enforce,  urge,  inculcate. 

7.  Straiten,  distress. 

Press,  V.  n.  I.  Bear  heavily,  exert  pressure,  push, 
bear  down,  crowd. 

2.  Hasten,  hurry,  push,  rush. 

3.  Crowd,  throng,  force  a  way. 

4.  Approach  unseasonably  or  importunately. 

5.  Encroach. 

PresSy  n.    I,   Machine  for  printing,  printing-press. 

2.  Newspaperdom  {collog. ). 

3.  Literary  publications. 

4.  Crowd,  throng,  multitude. 

5.  Urgency,  pressure,  hurry. 

6.  Case,  closet,  wardrobe,  bureau. 
Pressing,,  a.      Urgent,  importunate,  constraining, 

distressing. 
Pressure,  «.     I.   Compressing,  squeezing,  crush- 
ing. 

2.  Influence,  constraining  force. 

3.  Urgency,  press,  hurry. 

4.  Affliction,  grievance,  calamity,  distress, 
straits,  oppression,  difficulty,   embarrassment. 

5.  Impression,  stamp,  character  impressed. 
Prestidigitation, «.    Legerdemain,  sleight-of-hand, 

juggling,  prestigiation. 

Prestidigitator,  «.     Juggler,  conjurer. 

Presto,  ad.  Quickly,  in  haste,  immediately, 
suddenly. 

Presumable,  a.  Probable,  reasonable,  likely, 
credible,  that  stands  to  reason. 

Presume,  v.  «.      I.    Suppose,  conjecture,  think, 
surmise,    believe,    assume,    apprehend,    antici- 
pate. 
2.  Venture,  make  bold. 

Presume,  v.  a.  Consider,  suppose,  take  for 
granted. 

Presumption,  «.  I.  Opinion,  belief,  supposition, 
conjecture,  guess,  anticipation,  hypothesis,  as- 
sumption, understanding,  condition,  concession. 

2.  Arrogance,  forwardness,  audacity,  bold- 
ness, assurance,  effrontery,  brass,  presumptuous- 
ness. 

3.  Probability,  ground  for  believing. 
Presumptive,   a.      Grounded    on    probable    evi- 
dence, probable. 

Presumptive  evidence.    {Law.)    Circumstantial 

or  indirect  evidence. 
Presumptuous,  a.      I.    Arrogant,  bold,  forward, 

presuming,  insolent,  audacious. 

2.  Rash,  over-confident,  foolhardy. 

3.  Irreverent. 

Presuppose,  v.  a.  Imply  as  antecedent,  assume, 
presume,  surmise,  suppose,  take  for  granted. 

Pretence,  «.  [Written  also  Pretense.]  I.  Show 
{to  conceal  a  thing-  to  be  done),  false  appearance, 
seeming,  semblance,  mask,  cloak,  color,  simula- 
tion, affectation. 

2.  Subterfuge,  excuse,  pretext,  fabrication. 

3.  Assumption,  claim  to  notice. 

4.  Pretension,  claim. 

Pretend,  v.  a.      I.    Feign,  affect,  simulate,  coun- 
terfeit, sham. 
2.   Lay  claim  to,  claim,  allege  a  title  to. 

Pretend,  v.  n.      I.    Make  believe,  make  a  show, 
profess,  feign,  sham. 
2.   Strive  after,  lay  claim  to. 

Pretension,  n.    Claim. 

Pretentious,  a.  [J?ecent.]  Assuming,  presuming, 
conceited,  vain,  priggish. 

Pretentiousness,  n.  Assumption,  conceit,  false 
assumption,  over-assertion. 

Preternatural,  a.     Irregular  (as  being  aside  from 


PRETERNATURALLY 


325 


PRIME  MINISTER 


the  ordinary  course  o/ttature,  but  not  necessarily 
supernatural  or  miracttlous),  abnormal,  anoma- 
lous, unnatural,  inexplicable,  strange,  extraor- 
dinary. 

Pretematurally,  cuL     Exceedingly,  untisually. 

Pretext,  «.  Show,  appearance,  aJBEectation,  sem- 
blance, guise,  cloak,  simulation,  mask,  color, 
pretence. 

Pretty,  a.  I.  Pleasing  without  being  striking, 
moderately  beautiful,  bonny,  beautiful  {without 
dignity  or  grandeur),  comely,  fair. 

2.  Pleasmg,  neat,  elegant  without  grandeur. 

3.  Nice,  fine,  excellent  {used  ironically,  mean- 
ing the  opposite). 

4.  Affectedly  nice,  foppish,  affected,  petty. 
Pretty,  ad.     Moderately,  tolerably,  considerably, 

in  some  degree. 
Prevail,  v.  n.     I.   Overcome. 

2.  Predominate,  preponderate,  succeed,  have 
the  superiority,  gain  the  advantage,  be  in  the 
ascendant,  get  the  upper  hand,  carry  the  day,  win 
the  day,  gain  the  day,  win  the  palm. 

3.  Obtain,  have  effect,  power,  or  influence, 
have  sway,  have  currency,  be  in  vogue,  be  rife. 

Prevailing,    a.       I.     Effectual,    dominant,    pre- 
dominant,  efficacious,   preponderating^   persuad- 
ing,  controlling,   ruling,    overruling,    mfluential, 
operative,  successful. 
2.  Prevalent,  most  common,  most  general. 

Prevail  on.       \     Persuade  (by  argument),  influ- 

Prevail  upon.  )  ence,  induce. 

Prevail  with.  Persuade  {by  an  appeal  to  the 
feelings),  influence,  induce. 

Prevalence,   \  «.      I.     Superiority,   success,   pre- 

Prevalency,  J       dominance,  preponderance. 

2.  Influence,  efficacy,  power,  force,  strength, 
operation. 

3.  Universality,  wide  extension,  general  recep- 
tion, general  existence. 

Prevalent,  a.  I.  Superior,  predominant,  success- 
ful, prevailing,  efficacious. 

2.  Prevaihng,  predominant,  most  general,  ex- 
tensively existing. 

Prevalently,  ad.     Powerfully,  forcibly. 

Prevaricate,  v.  n.  Quibble,  shuffle,  cavil,  palter, 
dodge,  evade  the  truth,  equivocate,  shift. 

Prevuicatlon,  «.  Equivocation,  cavil,  quibbling, 
shuffling. 

Prevenient,  a.  I.  Preliminary,  prefatory,  ante- 
cedent, initiatory,  introductory,  going  before, 
preceding. 
2.  Preventing,  preventive- 
Prevent,  V.  a.  Obstruct,  stop,  hinder,  impede, 
thwart,  intercept,  preclude,  mierrupt,  obviate, 
debar. 

Prevention,  «•  Obstruction,  stoppage,  hindrance, 
interruption. 

Preventive,  a.    Deterrent,  tending  to  prevent. 

Preventive,  «.     {Med.)    Prophylactic. 

Previous,  a.  Antecedent,  prior,  former,  preced- 
ing, anterior,  foregoing. 

Previously,  ad.  Before,  antecedently,  before- 
hand. 

Prevision,  «.  Foresight,  foreknowledge,  presci- 
ence. 

Prey,  «.  I.  Plunder,  booty,  spoil,  pillage,  rapine, 
loot. 

2.  Ravin,  food,  victim,  quarry. 

3.  Ravage,  depredation. 

4.  Victim. 

Prey  on  or  upon.  I.  Plunder,  pillage,  rob, 
despoil. 

2.  Devour,  feed  upon. 

3.  Waste,  corrode,  waste  gradually. 
Price,.».     I.    Value  {in  money),  cost. 

2.  Estimation,  worth,  value,  excellence. 

3.  Recompense,  reward,  compensation. 


Priceless,  a.  I.  Invaluable,  inestimable,  without 
price. 

2.  Without  value,  worthless  or  unsalable, 
unvalued. 

Prick,  V.  a.  I.  Pierce  (with  a  small  hole),  per- 
forate, puncture. 

2.  Spur,  goad,  incite,  impel,  urge,  drive. 

3.  Sting,  wound,  pain,  hurl,  cut. 

4.  Make  acid,  acidify. 

5.  Erect. 

Prick,  V.  n.     Spur,  ride,  gallop,  hasten,  post. 
Prick,  n.     I.   Goad,  point. 

2.  Puncture,  perforation,  mark  {made  by  a 
point),  point. 

3.  Sharp,  stinging  pain ;  remorse,  tormenting 
thought,  thorn  in  the  mind. 

4.  Puncture,  wound,  sting. 

Prickle,  n.  Little  prick,  thorn,  spine;  small, 
sharp-pointed  projection. 

Prickleback,  «.    Stickleback. 

Prickly-pear,  «.     Indian  fig  {Cactus  optintia). 

Prick  up  the  ears.  Listen  sharply,  attend 
closely. 

PrickwOOd,  «.  Spindle-tree  {Euonymous  EurO' 
pceus). 

Pride,  -/.  I.  Self-esteem,  self-exaltation,  self- 
complacency,  self-sufficiency,  conceit,  vanity. 

2.  Haughtiness,  loftiness,  lordliness,  supercil- 
iousness, assumption,  insolence,  vain-glory,  arro- 
gance, presumption,  hauteur. 

3.  Elevation  {ojf  character),  dignity,  lofty 
self-respect,  noble  self-esteem. 

4.  Ornament,    decoration,     splendor,     show, 

g^ory- 

5.  Boast,  occasion  of  pride. 

6.  Splendid  show,  ostentation. 

Pride  one's  self  on.       Boast,  take  pride  in,  rate 

highly,  glory  in,  pique  one's  self  on,  plume  one's 

self  on. 
Priest,  «.      Clergyman,   divine,   minister,  pastor, 

parson,  ecclesiastic,  churchman,  presbyter. 
Priestly,  a.     Sacerdotal. 
Prig,   «.      Puppy,   coxcomb,     conceited,  pert,  or 

pragmatical  fellow,  fop,  jackanapes. 
PriggeiTt  «•     Pertness,  conceit,  coxcombry,  prig- 

gism. 
Prigjish,    a.      Conceited,    affected,    prim,    pert, 

saucy,     coxcomical,     foppish,     vain,      affected, 

{colloq. ). 
Prim,  a.     Formal,  stiff,  precise,  starch,  starched, 

strait-laced,  affectedly  nice,  demure. 
Prim,  «.     Privet,  print  {Ligustrum  vulgare). 
Primacy,  «.     I.    Excellency,  supremacy. 

2.    Primateship. 
Prima  fade.     [L.]     At  first  sight,  on  the  first 

view. 
Primal,  a.     First,  original. 
Prixnarily,  ad.     Originally,  in  the  first  place,  in 

a  ])rimary  manner- 
Primary,  a.      I.    Primitive,  aboriginal,  original, 

primordial,  primeval,  pristine,  first,  earliest. 

2.  Chief,  principal,  main. 

3.  Elementary,  preparatory. 

4.  Radical,  original. 

Primate,  «.     Archbishop,  metropolitan. 
Primateship,  «.     Primacy. 

Prime,  a.  I.  First,  original,  primitive,  primal, 
primeval,  primordial,  pristine,  aboriginal. 

2.  Highest,  chief,  principal. 

3.  Early,  blooming. 

4.  First-rate,  capital,  excellent. 

Prime,  «.  I.  Beginning,  opening,  first  part, 
earliest  stage,  dawn,  morninc;. 

2.  Youth,  spring  of  life   early  days. 

3.  Perfection,  flower,  greatest  beauty,  health, 
or  strength,  best  days,  cream. 

Prime  minister.    Premier. 


PRIMEVAL 


326 


PROBLEM 


Primeval^  a.  Original,  primitive,  primordial, 
pristine. 

Primitive,  a.  I.  Original,  primeval,  primal,  pri- 
mordial, aboriginal,  prime,  primary,  pristine, 
first. 

2.  Old-fashioned,  quaint,  simple,  unsophisti- 
cated. 

3.  Original,  primary,  radical,  underived. 

4.  Formal,  solemn,  prim,  grave. 
Primly,  ad.     Neatly,  precisely. 

Primness,  «.  Stiffness,  formality,  affected  nice- 
ness,  preciseness. 

Primogenial,  a.  [Written  also  Pritnigenial.^ 
First-born,  first-made,  original,  primary,  ele- 
mental, primitive. 

Primordial,  a.  Original,  first  in  order.  See 
Primitive. 

Primrose,  a.     Flowery,  gay. 

Prince,  «.  I.  Sovereign,  ruler,  monarch,  poten- 
tate. 

2.  Sovereign's  son  {especially  the  eldest  soti). 

3.  Chief,  leader,  potentate. 
Princely,  a.     I.    Royal,  regal,  imperial. 

2.  August,  grand,  royal,  magnificent,  superb, 
splendid,  pompous,  majestic,  noble. 

3.  Stately,  dignified,  high-minded,  noble,  lofty, 
elevated. 

Princess,  «.     I.   Female  ruler. 

2.  Sovereign's  daughter. 

3.  Prince's  consort. 

Principal,  a.  Chief,  main,  first,  highest,  leading, 
foremost,  pre-eminent,  cardinal,  most  considera- 
ble, most  important,  great,  capital,  essential. 

Principal,  «.  I.  Chief,  head,  leader,  chief  actor, 
chief  party. 

2.  Master,  head-master. 

3.  Employer. 

4.  Capital  sum  {placed  at  interest). 
Principally,  ad.     Chiefly,  mainly,  especially,  par- 
ticularly, above  all. 

Principia,  «•  pi.  First  principles,  elements,  fun- 
damental beginnings. 

Principle,  «.  I.  Origin,  source,  cause,  original 
cause,  spring,  mainspring,  fountain,  groundwork, 
prime  mover,  fountam-head. 

2.  Element,  substratum,  fundamental  or  pri- 
mordial substance. 

3.  Postulate,  axiom,  maxim,  law,  elementary 
proposition,  fundamental  truth. 

4.  Doctrine,  tenet,  dogma,  opinion,  rule  of 
action,  law  of  conduct. 

5.  Ground,  motive,  reason. 

6.  Integrity,  uprightness,  rectitude,  probity, 
honesty,  virtue,  righteousness,  incorruptibility, 
goodness,  trustworthiness,  trustiness,  worth, 
honor. 

7.  Faculty,  power,  endowment  of  the  soul. 
Prilric,  V.  a.     Deck,  adorn,  decorate. 

Prink,  v.  n.      Spruce,  dress  finically  or  ostenta- 
tiously, prank. 
Print,  V.  a.     I.    Impress,  imprint,  press. 

2.  Make  an  impress  or  impression  of. 

3.  Stamp,  form  by  impression. 

Print,  n,  I.  Impression,  impress,  mark,  stamp, 
indentation. 

2.  Mark,  vestige,  stamp. 

3.  Engraving. 

4.  Newspaper,  journal. 

5.  Calico,  printed  cotton  cloth. 
Printing,  n.     Typography. 

Prior,  a.  Former,  preceding,  earner,  previous, 
anterior,  antecedent,  precedent,  foregoing,  pre- 
cursory. 

Priority,  «.  Antecedence,  anteriority,  prece- 
dence. 

Priory,  «      Convent,  cloister,  monastery,  nunnery. 

Prismatic  spectrum.    Solar  spectrum. 


,  gaol,    penitentiarj',    bridewell, 


Prison,   n.       Tail,  gac 

workhouse,  house  of  correction. 
Prisoner, ».    Captive. 
Pristine,  a.     Primitive,  primary,  original,  ancient, 

old,  former,  primeval,  primordial,  first. 
Prithee.      [For  I  pray  thee.]      Pray,  please,  do, 

vouchsafe,  be  so  good  as,  have  the  goodness,  be 

good  enough,  I  beseech  you. 
Pnvacy,  «      I.    Secrecy,  concealment. 

2.   Retreat,  retirement,  seclusion,  solitude. 
Private,   a.      I,     Secluded,   retired,  sequestered, 

solitary. 

2.  Individual,  personal,  special,  peculiar,  par- 
ticular. 

3.  Privy. 

4.  Confidential,  not  to  be  disclosed  or  com- 
municated. 

5.  Unofficial. 

6.  Secret,  concealed,  hidden,  clandestine. 
Private,  «.    {Mil.)    Common  soldier. 
Privately,  ad     I.    Secretly. 

2.    Personally,  individually. 
Private  parts.     Genitals,  sexual  organs. 
Privation,  «.     I.    Deprivation,  loss,  bereavement. 

2.  Destitution,  want,  need,  necessity,  distress. 

3.  Absence,  negation. 

4.  Degradation. 

Privet,  n.     Prim,  print  {Ligustrum  vulgar e). 

Privilege,  «.  Prerogative,  right,  claim,  advan- 
tage, franchise,  liberty,  immunity. 

Privilege,  v.  a.     I.   Exempt,  deliver,  set  apart. 
2.   Grant  {some  particular  exemption),  invest 
{with  some  peculiar  right). 

Privily,  ad.     Privately,  secretly. 

Privity,  «.    I.   Knowledge,  cognizance,  private 
concurrence. 
2.   Private  matter,  secret. 

Privy,  a.  I.  Individual,  special,  private,  perso- 
nal, peculiar,  particular. 

2.  Secret,  clandestine. 

3.  Cognizant  of,  acquainted  with. 

4.  Private,  retired,  sequestered. 

Privy, «.  Necessary,  back-house,  jakes,  water- 
closet. 

Prize,  «.  I.  Reward,  premium,  guerdon,  meed; 
{pi.)  honors  ;  laurels,  palm,  trophy. 

2.  Capture. 

3.  Privilege,  gain,  advantage. 
Prize,  V.  a.    I.   Estimate,  rate,  appraise. 

2.    Esteem,  value  highly. 

Pro  and  con.     For  and  against. 

Protability,  «.     I.   Likelihood,  presumption,  ap- 
pearance of  truth,  fair  chance,  favorable  chance. 
2.   Verisimilitude,  likeliness,  credibleness. 

Probable,  a.  Likely,  presumable,  credible,  rea- 
sonable, to  be  expected,  that  stands  to  reason. 

Probably,  ad.  Apparently,  to  all  appearance,  in 
all  probability,  in  likelihood,  with  appearance  of 
truth. 

Probation,  n.     I.   Novitiate. 

2.  Moral  trial,  ordeal,  test,  essay. 

3.  Examination,  trial. 

4.  Proof. 
Probationer,  «.     Novice, 

Probe,  V.  a.  Prove,  test,  verify,  investigate,  scru- 
tinize, examine,  search,  sound,  explore,  sift, 
look   into. 

Probity,  «_.  Integrity,  uprightness,  honesty, 
worth,  rectitude,  virtue,  goodness,  righteousness, 
trustworthiness,  trustiness,  principle,  sincerity, 
truthfulness,  veracitv,  honor,  conscientiousness, 
justice,  equity,  fairness,  incorruptibility,  sound- 
ness. 

Problem,  «.  Question  {to  be  solved),  enigma, 
puzzle,  riddle,  moot  point,  point  in  dispute,  point 
to  be  solved  or  settled,  question  at  issue,  vexed 
question. 


PROBLEMATIC 


827 


PROFICIENT 


Problematic,      \a.    Uncertain,  doubtful,  dubious, 

Problematical,!  questionable,  disputable,  enig- 
matical, puzzling,  unsettled. 

Proboscis,  ft.     Snout,  trunk. 

Procedure,  «.  I.  Conduct,  practice,  course,  pro- 
cess, management,  operation,  manner  of  pro- 
ceeding. 

2.  Act,  transaction,  deed,  action,  performance, 
proceeding,  measure,  step. 

Proceed,  v.  «.  I.  Progress,  advance,  continue, 
go  or  pass  on,  move  forward,  make  progress,  get 
on,  push  on,  go  ahead,  get  ahead,  make  headway, 
get  forward,  get  along,  hold  or  keep  one's 
course. 

2.  Arise,  spring,  come,  issue,  emanate,  orig- 
inate, flow,  follow,  result,  ensue,  accrue,  come 
out,  go  forth,  be  derived,  be  caused,  take  rise,  be 
owing,  be  due,  be  produced. 

3.  Act,  conduct  one's  self,  take  steps,  take 
measures,  set  to  work,  go  about  anything,  act  by 
method,  promote  a  design. 

Proceeding,  «.  Act,  deed,  transaction,  action, 
measure,  performance,  step,  procedure,  course. 

Proceeds,  «  p/.  Product,  produce,  effect,  income, 
yield,  receipts,  returns,  avails. 

Process,  «.  I.  Course,  progress,  advance,  con- 
tinued movement,  train. 

2.  Operation,  procedure,  proceeding,  action, 
performance,  step,  transaction,  measure,  conduct, 
management,  series  of  measures,  mode  of  opera- 
tion, course,  continuous  experiment. 

3.  (Law.)    Suit,  trial,  action,  case. 

4.  (Anat.)    Projection,  protuberance. 
Procession,  n.     Tram,  retinue,  cavalcade,  march, 

file,  cortige. 

Proclaim,  v.  a.  I.  Announce,  publish,  declare, 
promulgate,  advertise,  trumpet,  broach,  cry, 
make  known,  blaze  abroad,  spread  abroad,  noise 
abroad,  bruit,  give  notice  of,  make  proclamation 
of. 
2.   Outlaw  [by  public  denunciation). 

Proclaimer,  «.     Promulgator. 

Proclamation,    «.     I.   Announcement,     publica- 
tion,   promulgation,   advertisement,  declaration, 
blazon. 
2.    Edict,  decree,  ordinance,  ban,  manifesto. 

Proclivity,  «.     I.   Inclination,  tendency,  prone- 
ness,  propensity,  bias,  disposition,  leanmg,  bent, 
predisposition,  direction,  determination,  bearing, 
drift,  turn. 
2.  Readiness,  aptitude,  facility. 

Procrastinate,  v.  a.  Defer,  delay,  postpone,  ad- 
journ, put  off,  prolong,  protract,  retard. 

Procrastinate,  v.  n.  Delay,  lag,  loiter,  be  dil- 
atory. 

Procrastination,  n.  Dilatoriness,  putting  of!, 
delay,  tardiness,  slowness. 

Procreant,  a.     Producing  young,  procreating. 

Procreate,  v.  a.  Generate,  engender,  beget, 
breed,  propagate. 

Procreation,  n.  Generation,  begetting,  produc- 
tion. 

Procreator,  «.     Generator,  father,  sire,  begetter. 

Procumbent,  a.  Prone,  lying  down  or  on  the 
face,  prostrate,  leaning  forward,  stooping. 

Procurable,  a.     Obtainable,  acquirable. 

Procuration,  n.     I.   Agency,  management. 

2.  Authority  as  an  agent,  authority  to  act  for 
another. 

Procurator,  «.  {Law.)  Aeent,  proxy,  deputy, 
representative,  proctor,  attorney,  solicitor. 

Procure,  v.  a.     I.   Get,  acquire,  obtain^  gain. 

2.  Contrive,  compass,  cause,  eflfect,  bring 
about. 

3.  Attract,  bring  on. 

Procurement,  n.  Management,  contrivance, 
agency,  intervention,  procuration. 


Procurer,  «.     Pimp,  pander,  bawd. 

Prodigal,  a.  Wasteful,  lavish,  extravagant,  profuse. 

Prodigal,  «•     Spendthrift,  waster,  squanderer. 

Prodigality,  «.  Wastefulness,  extravagance,  ex- 
cess, profusion,  lavishuess,  unthriftiness,  squan- 
dering, waste. 

Prodigious,  a.  I.  Marvellous,  wonderful,  por- 
tentous, amazing,  astonishing,  surprising,  as- 
tounding, strange,  startling,  extraordinary,  un- 
common, wondrous,  miraculous,  very  strange, 
unheard  of. 
2.    Enormous,  monstrous,  huge. 

Prodigy,  «.     I.   Marvel,  portent,  wonder,  miracle. 
2.    Monster,  monstrosity,  unnatural  product. 

Produce,  v.  a.  I.  Exhibit,  show,  bring  forward, 
bring  out,  bring  into  view. 

2.  Generate,  bring  into  being,  bear,  furnish, 
yield,  bring  forth,  breed. 

3.  Cause,  occasion,  originate,  make,  create, 
effect,  give  rise  to,  bring  about. 

4.  Yield,  bear,  give,  afford,  render,  make 
accrue,  impart. 

5.  Extend,  protract,  prolong,  draw  out, 
lengthen. 

6.  Manufacture,  make. 
Produce,  «.     I.   See  Product. 

2.    Agricultural  products. 
Producer,    «.     Farmer,    husbandman,   agricultu- 
rist. 
Product,  «.     I.    Produce,  yield,  proceeds,  returns, 
crops,  harvest,  fruits,  production,  outcome. 

2.   Result,  effect,  work,  fruit,  production,  per- 
formance, issue,  consequence. 
Productile,  a.     Extensible,  ductile. 
Production,  n.     I.   Produce,  product,  fruit. 

2.  Work. 

3,  Prolongation,  extension,  lengthening. 
Productive,  a.     I.   Fertile,  prolific,  fruitful. 

2.  Efficient,  causative,  producing,  bringing 
into  being. 

Proem,  «.  Preface,  introduction,  prelude,  ex- 
ordium, prolegomena,  preliminary  remarks. 

Proemial,  a.  Introductory,  prefatory,  preliminary, 
precursory. 

Profanation,  ».     I.   Desecration,  violation. 
2.   Misuse,  abuse,  pollution. 

Profane,  a.  I.  irreverent,  irreligious,  blasphe- 
mous, wicked,  sacrilegious,  impious,  ungodly,  god- 
less. 

2.  Unhallowed,  impure,  polluted,  unholy,  un- 
consecrated,  unsanctified. 

3.  Secular,  not  sacred,  temporal,  worldly. 
Profane,  v.  a.     I.   Desecrate,  pollute,  violate. 

2.   Abuse,  debase. 
Profaneness,  «.     See  Profanity. 
Profanity,  «.     I.   Irreverence,  profaneness,  blas- 
phemy. 
2.   Profane  language,  blasphemy. 
Profess,  V.  a.     I.  Avow,  acknowledge,  own,  con- 
fess,    declare,     affirm,     avouch,     aver,     allege, 
proclaim. 
2.    Pretend,  lay  claim  to. 
Profess,  V.  «.     Confess,  declare  openly. 
Profession,  n.     I.   Declaration,  avowal,  assertion, 
claim,  acknowledgment. 

2.  Declaration,  representation,  protestation, 
pretence. 

3.  Employment  {that  requires  a  learned  edu- 
cation), calling,  occupation,  business,  vocation, 
office,  avocation. 

Proffer,  v.  a.     Tender,  offer,  volimteer. 
Proffer,  «.     Tender,  offer,  proposal. 
Proficiency,   I  «.      I.     Advancement,      improve- 
Proficience,    J      ment,  forwardness. 

2.   Skill,  mastery. 
Proficient,  a.     Skilled,  skilful,  conversant,   com 
petent,  well-versed,  qualified,  practised,  traixied 


PROFICIENT 


328 


PROMINENCE 


accomplished,  able,  thoroughbred,  finished,  good, 
at  home,  aufait. 

Proficient,  n.  Adept,  expert,  master,  dab, 
master-hand. 

Profile,  «.     I.   Side  face,  side  view,  half  face. 
2.   Outline,  contour. 

Profit,  «.  I.  Gain,  produce,  emolument,  return, 
avails. 

2.  Advantage,  benefit,  service,  weal,  utility, 
accession  of  good,  improvement,  advancement. 

Profit,  V.  n.     I.    Improve,  gain,  advance,  make 
improvement,  gain  advantage. 
2.    Bring  good,  be  of  use  or  advantage. 

Profitable,  a.     I.    Gainful,  advantageous,  produc- 
tive, beneficial,  useful,  desirable. 
2.   Lucrative,  remunerative. 

Profitableness,  «.  Gainfulness,  usefulness,  ad- 
vantageousness. 

Profitably,  ad.  Gainfully,  usefully,  advanta- 
geously. 

Profitless,  a.  Useless,  worthless,  fruitless,  boot- 
less, unprofitable,  valueless,  of  no  use,  void  of 
profit. 

Profligacy,  «.  Dissoluteness,  depravity,  shame- 
less vice,  shamelessness,  reprobation,  profligate- 
ness 

Profligate,  a.  Depraved,  corrupt,  immoral,  viti- 
ated, dissolute,  corrupted,  very  wicked,  grace- 
less, very  vicious,  shameless,  abandoned,  lost  to 
virtue. 

Profligate,  «.  Debauchee,  rake,  libertine,  man 
of  pleasure,  reprobate,  roui. 

Profound,  a.     I.   Deep,  fathomless,  abysmal. 

2.  Penetrating,  sagacious,  skilled,  intellectu- 
ally deep. 

3.  Lively,  vivid,  strong,  deep-felt,  far-reaching, 
touching. 

4.  Lowly,  humble,  submissive,  low-bending, 
very  low. 

5.  Mysterious,  occult,  abstruse,  obscure,  re- 
condite. 

6.  Thorough,  complete- 

7.  Deep-fetched. 

Profound,  «.     I.   The  deep,  the  abyss. 
2.   Sea,  ocean. 

Profundity,  «.     Depth,  deepness,  profoundness. 

Profuse,    a.     I.    Lavish,    prodigal,    improvident, 
extravagant,  wasteful,  too  liberal,  too  bountiful. 
2.   Exuberant,   over-abounding,  in  profusion, 
bountiful. 

Profuseness,  n.     See  Profusion. 

Profusion,  «.     I.    Lavlshness,  excess,  prodigality, 
extravagance,  waste,  profuseness. 
2.   Abundance,  exuberance,  plenty. 

Progenitor,  «.     Ancestor,  forefather. 

Progeny,  n.  Offspring,  children,  issue,  descend- 
ants, race,  breed,  stock,  lineage,  young,  scion, 
offshoot,  posterity. 

Prognosis,  «.     {Med.)     Prophasis. 

Prognostic,  a.     Foreshowing,  foretokening. 

Prognostic,  «.  I.  Sign,  token,  presage,  omen, 
indication,  augury,   foreboding,    prognostication. 

2.  Foretelling,  prediction,  prophecy. 

3.  Symptom,  indication. 
Prognosticate,  v.  a.     I.   Foretell,  predict,  proph- 
esy. 

2.  Foreshadow,  indicate,  portend,  augur,  fore- 
show, foretoken,  betoken,  forebode,  presage. 

Prognostication,  «.  I.  Act  of  prognosticating, 
foreshowing,  foretelling,  presage,  prediction. 

2.  Augury,  prediction,  vaticination,  prophecy, 
indication,  foretoken,  previous  sign,  portent, 
foreboding. 

Programme,  «.  Order  of  exercises,  advertise- 
ment, notice,  plan  {o/  public  perfor^nance). 

Progress,  «  I.  Advancement,  advance,  progres- 
sion, movement  forward. 


2.  Growth,  increase,  improvement,  develop- 
ment. 

3.  Journey  of  state,  circuit. 
Progress,  v.  n.     I.   Advance,  proceed. 

2.   'lake  head,  make  headway,  work  one's  way, 
make  one's  way,  make  progress,  proceed,  con- 
tinue onward. 
Progression,  «.     I.   Advancement,  advance,  pro- 
gress. 

2.  Course,  passage,  lapse  or  process  of  time. 

3.  Series,  gradation,  rate. 
Progressive,  a.     I.   Advancing,  proceeding. 

2.    Improving,  developing. 

Prohibit,  v.  a.     I.    Hinder,  prevent,  debar,  pre- 
clude. 
2.    Forbid,  inhibit,  disallow,  interdict. 

Prohibition,  «.  Interdiction,  interdict,  inhibition, 
disallowance,  embargo,  ban. 

Prohibitive,  I  a.     Restrictive,  prohibiting,  forbid- 

Prohibitory, )     ding. 

Project,  V.  a.  I.  Throw,  cast,  throw  out,  shoot 
forward. 

2.  Scheme,   devise,    contrive,   frame,   intend, 
plan,  plot,  concoct,  brew. 

3.  Delineate  {as  a  spliere  upon  a  plane),  draw, 
exhibit. 

Project,  z>.  n.     Protrude,  jut,  bulge,  jut  out,  stand 

out,  be  prominent,  shoot  forward. 
Project,   n.      Plan,   scheme,   contrivance,   device, 

design,  proposal,  purpose. 
Projectile,  «.     Missile. 
Projection,  «    I.  Propulsion,  throwing,  emission. 

2.  Planning,  designing,  contriving,  scheming. 

3.  Prominence,  protuberance,   bulge,  process, 
extension. 

4.  Plan,  delineation,  map. 

Projector,  «.  Schemer,  designer,  planner,  con- 
triver, inventor. 

Prolegomena,  «.  pi.  Introduction,  preface,  pre- 
lude, prologue,  preamble,  proem,  preliminary 
remarks. 

Prol^taire,  «.  [Fr.]  Proletarian,  one  of  the 
common  people. 

Proletarian,  a.     Mean,  vulgar,  vile,  plebeian. 

Proletariat,  «.  Laboring  class,  the  commonalty, 
the  lower  classes. 

Proletary,  «.  Churl,  lout,  clown,  boor,  laboring 
man,  common  person,  one  of  the  lower  orders. 

Prolific,  a.  Fruitful,  fertile,  productive,  genera- 
tive, teeming. 

Proliic,  a.  I.  Diffuse,  wordy,  verbose,  circum- 
locutory, prosaic,  loose,  long,  lengthy,  length- 
ened out,  full  of  detail,  prolonged,  protracted, 
long-spun,  spun-out,  long-winded,  discursive, 
rambling,  not  concise. 
2.   Tiresome,  tedious,  wearisome. 

Prolixity,  «•  Diffuseness,  prolixness,  verbosity, 
tedious  length,  minute  detail. 

ProUxnesS,  «.     Prolixity. 

Prolocutor,  «.     Speaker,  spokesman,  chairman. 

Prologue,  n.     Introduction  {to  a  play),  preface. 

Prolong,  V.  a.  I.  Lengthen,  protract,  continue, 
lengthen  in  time. 

2.  Put  off,  postpone,  defer. 

3.  Extend. 

Prolongation,  «.     I.    Protraction,  lengthening. 

2.  Delay,  postponement. 

3.  Extension. 

Prolusion,  «.     I.   Prelude,  introduction,  prelimi- 
nary. 
2.    Essay,  trial. 

Promenade,  «.    I.  Walk,  stroll. 

2.    Walk,  sidewalk,  place  for  walking. 
Promenade,  v.  n.    Take  a  walk. 
Promethean,  a.     Life-giving,  inspiring. 
Prominence,     «.     I.     Protuberance,    projection, 
bulge,  process. 


PROMINENT 


329 


PROPITIATION 


2.   Conspicuousness,     eminence,      distinction, 
celebrity,  tame. 
Promineilt,   a.     I.    Protuberant,  projecting,  jut- 
ting, relieved,  embossed. 

2.  Conspicuous,  eminent,  celebrated,  distin- 
guished, famous. 

3.  Distinctly  manifest,  conspicuous,  important, 
principal,  main. 

PromisCUOtlS,   a.     I.   Mixed,   mingled,  miscella- 
neous, indiscriminate,  confused. 
2.    Indiscriminate,  common. 

Promise,  n.  I.  Word,  engagement,  assurance, 
pledge. 

2.  Ground  or  basis  of  hope,  earnest,  pledge. 

3.  Bestowal,    fulfilment,    grant    of    what    is 
promised. 

Promise,  z/-  a.     I.   Pledge,  engage,  covenant. 

2.  Give  expectation  of,  excite  a  hope  of,  assure- 

3.  Pledge,  engage  to  bestow. 

Promise,  v.  n.  Engage,  agree,  stipulate,  bargain, 
be  sworn,  pledge  one's  self,  plight  one's  word, 
pass  one's  word,  give  assurance,  make  an  agree- 
ment, tie  one's  self. 

Promising,  a.  Encouraging,  giving  ground  of 
hope. 

Promissory  note.     Note  of  hand,  promise  to  pay. 

Promontory,  n.  Headland,  foreland,  high  cape, 
Jutland. 

Promote,  v.  a.  I.  Forward,  advance,  further, 
encourage,  help,  assist,  aid. 

2.  Elevate,  exalt,  raise,  prefer,  dignify. 

3.  Excite,  stir  up. 

Promotion,  n.    I.   Furtherance,  encouragement, 
advancement. 
2.    Elevation,  preferment. 
Prompt,  a.     I.   Ready,  quick,  apt,  alert,  active. 

2.  Ready,  willing. 

3.  Quick,  ready. 

4.  Hasty,  forward,  quick. 

5.  Inclined,  disposed,  apt,  propense. 

6.  Early,  timely,  punctual. 

Prompt,  V.  a.  I.  Incite,  induce,  stimulate,  impel, 
incline,  dispose^  urge,  set  on,  draw  on,  instigate 

2.  Put  in  mmd,  give  the  cue  to,    assist    {a 
speaker),  remind. 

3.  Dictate,  suggest,  hint. 
Promptitude,  «.     See  Promptness. 
Promptness,   «.     Readiness,   quickness,   alacrity. 

alertness,    promptitude,    activity,    quickness    of 

decision. 
Promtllgate,  v.  a.     Publish,  announce,  proclaim, 

declare,  advertise,  bruit,  trumpet,  make  known, 

blaze  abroad,  spread  abroad,  noise  abroad,  give 

notice  of,  make  promulgation  of,  divulge. 
Promulgation,  ».    Announcement,  advertisement, 

publication,  declaration,  proclamation. 
Prone,  a.     I.    Prostrate  (with    the  face    dmvn- 

ward),  recumbent,  lying  flat, 

2.  Sloping,  inclining,  mclined,  declivous. 

3.  Disposed,  inclined,  tending,  bent,  apt,  pre- 
pense- 

4.  Bending  forward,  inclined,  bowed. 

5.  Ready,  eager. 

6.  Headlong,  running  downward  or  headlong. 
Proneness,    «.      I.    Disposition,    tendency,    pro- 
clivity, inclination,  bias^  bent,   propensity,  apt- 
ness, turn,  leaning,  predisposition,  ply. 

2.   Descent,  declivity. 
Prononce,  a.     Strongly  marked,  decided. 
Pronounce,  v.  a.     I.    Utter  iwitA  ^oper  accent 
and  tone),  speak,  enunciate,  articulate. 

2.  Declare,  affirm,  assert,  announce. 

3.  Deliver  (as  an  oration). 
PronunciamentO,     «.     Proclamation,     announce- 
ment, declaration,   manifesto,   pronouncement. 

Prontinclation,  n.  I.  Utterance,  enunciation, 
articulation. 


2.   Delivery. 

n.    I.  Test,  trial,  essay,  ordeal, 
tion. 

2.  Demonstration,  certification,  attestation, 
satisfactory  evidence,  confirmation,  testimony. 

3.  Proof-sheet,  trial  impression. 

Proof,  a.  Firm,  steadfast,  stable,  fixed,  impene- 
trable. 

Proof-sheet, «.    Proof 

Prop,  V.  a.  Support,  sustain,  uphold,  hold  up, 
shore  up. 

Prop,  n.     I.   Support,  stay,  brace. 

2.  Buttress,  strut,  pin,  shore,  fulcrum,  stay, 
brace. 

Propagate,  v.  a.    I.   Multiply,  increase,  continue. 

2.  Spread,  diffuse,  disseminate,  circulate,  ex- 
tend, spread  abroad,  promulgate,  promote. 

3.  Generate,  beget,  engender,  procreate,  breed, 
produce,  bring  into  being,  originate. 

Pn>pagation,  ».  I.  Multiplication,  increase,  con- 
tinuance. 

2.  Dissemination,  diffusion,  extension,  en- 
largement, circulation. 

3.  Generation,  procreation,  breeding,  produc- 
tion. 

Propel,  V.  a.    Impel,  drive  forward,  push  forward, 

urge  on. 
Propeller,  «.     Screw,  screw-steamer. 
Propensity,  «.    Inclination,  proneness,  disposition, 

bias,  proclivity,  ply. 
Proper,    a.      I.    Particular,    peculiar,   individual, 

special,  specific. 

2.  Fit,  fitting,  befitting,  suitable,  appropriate, 
meet,  seemly,  convenient,  adapted,  becoming, 
right,  legitimate. 

3.  Exact,  accurate,  precise,  correct,  just, 
formal. 

4.  Real,  actual,  properly  so  called. 

5.  Decent,  respectable. 

6.  Own,  belonging  to. 

7.  Natural,  original. 
Properly,/*^.     I.    Fitly,  suitably. 

2.   Strictly,  in  a  strict  sense. 
Property,   n.     I.   Quality,   attribute,  peculiarity, 
characteristic. 

2.  Wealth,  estate,  goods,  possessions,  one's 
own,  thing  owned. 

3.  Ownership,  exclusive  right. 

4.  Character,  disposition. 

5.  Participation. 

Prophasis,  «.  {Med.)  Prognosis,  foreknowledge 
{(]fa  disease). 

Prophecy,  «.    I.   Prediction,  prognostication,  vati- 
cination, foretelling,  divination,  augury,  portent. 
2.    Preaching,  exhortation,  instruction. 

Prophesy,  v.  a-  Predict,  foretell,  prognosticate, 
divine,  augur,  premonish. 

Prophet,  n.     Predicter,  foreteller,  seer,  soothsayer. 

Prophetic,  a.  Predictive,  foretelling,  predicting, 
fatidical. 

Prophylactic,  a.  (Med.)  Preventive,  preserva- 
tive, synteretic. 

Prophylactic,  n.  {Med.)  Preventive,  preserva- 
tive. 

Propinquity,  «.  I.  Nearness,  proximity,  vicinity, 
neighborhood,  contiguity,  adjacence. 

2.  Kindred,  affinity,  nearness  of  blood,  rela- 
tionship, consanguinity,  connection. 

Propitiate,  v.  a.  Conciliate,  appease,  pacify, 
reconcile,  gain  the  favor  of,  make  propitious, 
make  favorable. 

Propitiate,  v.  n.  Atone,  make  propitiation, 
satisfy. 

Propitiation,  «.  I.  Conciliation,  reconciliation, 
pacification. 

2.  Atonement,  expiation,  satisfaction,  reparai- 
tion,  atoning  sacrifice. 


PROPITIATORY 


830 


PROTEST 


Propitiatory,  a.     Conciliatory,  expiatory. 

Propitious,  a.     I.   Gracious,  benevolent,  benign, 
kind,  favorable,  friendly,  merciful,  ready  to  bless. 
2.   Auspicious,  lucky,  happy,  fortunate,  favor- 
able, Tvell-disposed,  opportune,  prosperous,  prom- 
ising, in  a  fair  way. 

Propinousness,  ».      I.    Kindness,  disposition  to 
forgive. 
2.    Favorableness. 

Proportion,  n.    I.  Arrangement,  relation,  adapta- 
tion {of  parts). 

2.  Distribution,  adjustment,  symmetry,  sym- 
metrical relation. 

3.  Share,  lot,  part,  portion. 

Proportion,  2'.  a.    I.  Ad'^nsX.  {in  proper  relations), 
regulate,  graduate,  put  in  proportion. 

2.  Form,  shape  with  symmetry  or  suitable- 
ness. 

3.  Equal,  bear  proportion  to. 
Proportionable,  a.      I.   Proportional,  correspond- 
ing. 

2.   Well-proportioned,  symmetrical. 
ProportionaWy,  ad.     See  Proportionally. 
Proportional,  a.      Proportionate,   proportionable, 

symmetrical,  corresponding 
Proportionally,  ad.      Proportionably,  proportion- 
ately, in  proportion,  in  due  degree. 
Proportionate,  a.     See  Proportional. 
Proportionately,  ad.     See  Proportionally. 
Proposal,    n.      Offer   {of  something  to  be  done\ 

proffer,  tender,  suggestion,  proposition,  scheme, 

design,  terms  proposed,  overture. 
Propose,  V.  a.      Offer  {/or  consideration),  proffer, 

tender,  present,  suggest,  recommend,  move. 
Propose,  V.  n.      Intend,  design,  mean,   purpose, 

have  the  intention,  propose  to  one's  self,  declare 

a  purpose. 
Proposition,    «.      I.     Offer  [of  something   to   be 

considered),  proffer,  tender,  overture,  suggestion, 

proposal. 

2.  Position,  thesis,  statement,  declaration,  dic- 
tum, assertion^  affirmation,  doctrine. 

3.  {Log.)    Period,  complete  sentence. 
Propound,   v.   a.       Exhibit,  propose,  lay  before, 

offer. 
Proprietary,  «.     See  Proprietor. 
Proprietor,  «.     Possessor,  owner,  proprietary. 
Propriety,  «      I.    Fitness  {to  a  proper  standard 

or  rule),    appropriateness,    suitableness,   seemli- 

ness,  justness,  correctness,  accuracy,  consonance, 

adaptation,  reasonableness. 
2.   Decorum,  decency,  good  behavior,  proper 

formality,  modesty. 
Propulsive,  a.     Propelling,  driving  on,  urging  on. 
Propylaeum,  «.     Entrance-court,  vestibule,  porch. 
Pro  rata.     IL.]     Proportionally,  proportionably, 

proportionately,  in  proportion. 
Prorogation,    «.       Adjournment,    postponement, 

continuance. 
Prorogue,  v.  a.     Adjourn  {as  Parliament). 

PrSScal,  \  '*•     ^'   P''°'y'  ""poetical. 

2.  Dull,  flat,  stupid,  uninteresting,  unenter- 
taining,  tiresome,  tedious,  prolix,  prosing,  vapid, 
tame,  humdrum,  matter-of-fact,  commonplace. 

Proscribe,  v.  a.    I.  Banish,  exile,  ostracize,  expel, 
doom,  outlaw. 

2.  Exclude,  interdict,  prohibit,  forbid. 

3.  Denounce,  censure,  condemn,  reject  utterly. 
Proscription,  «.     I.    Banishment,  exile,  outlawry, 

ostracism,  expulsion. 

2.  Exclusion,  interdiction,  prohibition,  out- 
lawry. 

3.  Denunciation,  censure,  condemnation. 
Prose,  a.     Plain,  dull,  unromantic,  prosaic. 
Prosecute,  v.  a.     I.    Pursue,  continue,  follow  out, 

carry  out,  carry  on,  persevere  in,  conduct. 


2.  Arraign,  take  the  law  of,  bring  before  a 
court,  sue. 

3.  Sue,  seek  to  obtain  by  legal  process. 
Prosecution,  n.     I.    Pursuit,  undertaking. 

2.  Arraignment,  bringing  to  trial. 

3.  Suit,  legal  process. 
Prosecutor,  «.     Plaintiff,  accuser. 
Proselyte,  «.     Convert,  catechumen,  neophyte. 
Froser,  «.     Bore,  buttonholder,  tedious  narrator. 
Prosopopoeia,  n.     {Rhet.)     Personification. 
Prospect,   «.      I.     View,   survey,    display,    sight, 

scene,  field,  landscape,  show,   spectacle,  vision, 
vista,  perspective. 

2.  Landscape,  scenery,  picture. 

3.  Expectation,  anticipation,  contemplation, 
calculation,  expectance,  foreseeing,  promise,  fore- 
sight, presumption,  hope,  trust. 

4.  Probability,  likelihood. 
Prospective,  a.     Future,  coming. 
Prospectively,  ad.      In  the  future,  hereafter,  in 

prospect. 

Prospectus,  «.  Plan  {of  a  literary  work),  outline, 
scheme,  programme,  announcement. 

Prosper,  v.  a.  Favor,  befriend,  aid,  forward,  help, 
make  successful. 

Prosper,  v.  «.  Flourish,  thrive,  succeed,  make 
gain,  go  on  well,  be  successful. 

Prosperity,  «.  Success,  thrift,  welfare,  happiness, 
well-being,  weal,  luck,  good  fortune,  good  luck, 
prosperousness.  run  of  luck,  palmy  days,  hal- 
cyon days,  smiles  of  fortune. 

Prosperous,  a.  I.  Successful,  thriving,  flourish- 
ing, fortunate,  lucky,  happy,  well  off,  well  to  do. 

2.  Favorable,  propitious,  auspicious,  good, 
golden,  bright,  fortunate,  lucky. 

Prostitute,  v.  a.  Misuse,  abuse,  misapply,  per- 
vert, make  a  bad  use  of. 

Prostitute,  «.    See  Strumpet. 

Prostitution,  «.  I.  Misuse,  abuse,  perversion, 
profanation. 

2.  Unlawful  sexual  intercourse  {on  the  Part  of 
a  woman,  for  hire),  harlotry. 

Prostrate,   a.      I.     Prostrated,   prone,    stretched 
out,  flat,  fallen. 
2.   {Bot.)    Procumbent. 

Prostrate,  v.  a.  I.  Overthrow,  overturn,  level, 
fell,  demolish,  destroy,  ruin,  throw  down,  lay 
flat. 

2.  Exhaust,  reduce,  overcome,  depress,  bring 
low. 

Prostration,  n.      I.    Overthrow,  destruction,  de- 
molition. 
2.    Exhaustion,  depression,  dejection. 

Prosy,  a.     I.    Prosaic,  unpoetical. 

2.  Dull,  flat,  stupid,  uninteresting,  unenter- 
taining,  tiresome,  tedious. 

Protean,  a.     Changeable,  variable. 

Protect,  V.  a.  Defend  {by  a  covering),  guard, 
cover,  shield,  fortify,  screen,  shelter,  house,  pre- 
serve, secure,  save,  harbor,  countenance,  patron- 
ize, foster. 

Protection,  n.  I.  Shelter,  defence,  security, 
safety,  refuge,  guard,  preservation. 

2.  Shield,  asgis,  buckler,  palladium,  bulwark, 
safeguard. 

3.  Passport,  safeguard. 

Protective,   a.      Defensive,   sheltering,   affording 

protection. 
Protector,  «.     Guardian,  defender. 
Pro  tempore.      [L.]     For  the  time,  for  the  time 

being,  for  the  present  occasion,  temporary. 
Protest,  V.  n.      Declare   {solemnly),  aver,  affirm, 

assert,  asseverate,  avow,  profess,  attest,  testifv. 
Protest,  V.  a.      Declare  {solemnly),  assert,  affirm, 

asseverate. 
Protest,  n.     Declaration  {tnade  in  a  formal  man' 

ner  against  something). 


PROTESTATION 


831 


PRUNE 


Protestatloil,  n.      I<    Dedaration,  asseveration, 

affirmation,  averment,  avowal. 
2.    Declaration  of  dissent,  protest. 
Protoplast^   n.       Original,   first    individual    of   a 

species. 
Prototype,  «.      Original,  original  pattern,  model, 

type,  exemplar,  example,  archetype,  protoplast. 
Pro&act,  V.  a.      I.    Prolong,  continue,  lengthen 

{in  ihne),  spin  out. 

2.  Lengthen,  prolong  {in  spact). 

3.  Delay,  put  off,  postpone,  defer. 
Protrude,  v.  a.      I.     Shoot  out,  thrust  forward, 

push  forth. 
2.    Beetle,  jut  out,  hang  over. 

Protrude,  v.  «.  Project,  jut,  bulge,  jut  out,  stand 
out. 

Protnuion,  «.     Projection,  protuberance. 

Protuberance,  «.  Prominence,  projection,  swel- 
ling, bulge,  process,  excrescence,  lump,  eleva- 
tion, bunch  or  knob. 

Protuberant,  a.  Projecting,  prominent,  bulging, 
swelling. 

Proud,  a.  I.  Conceited,  over-weening,  self-satis- 
fied, vain,  contented,  self-conscious,  egotistical, 
assuming. 

2.  Arrogant,  haughty,  imperious,  supercilious, 
presumptuous,  lordly,  lofty,  vain-glorious,  boast- 
ful, high-spirited,  high-strung. 

3.  Grand,  stately,  noble,  imposing,  magnifi- 
cent, splendid,  ostentatious,  lofty. 

Prove,  V.  a.  I.  Demonstrate,  show,  manifest, 
confirm,  establish,  evidence,  evince,  substantiate, 
ascertain,  justify,  verify,  make  good. 

2.  Try,  test,  examine,  make  trial  of,  assay,  put 
to  the  test,  experiment  upon,  submit  to  the  test  or 
proof. 

3.  Experience,  suffer. 

Prove,  V.  n.     I.  Turn  out,  be  found  to  be. 

2.  Essay,  make  trial. 

3.  Make  certain. 

Provender,  «.      Dry  food  {eu  hay,  corn,  etc.,  for 

brutes),  fodder,  forage. 
Proverb,  «.     I.   Adage,  maxim,  saying,    dictum, 

saw,  aphorism,  apothegm,  by-word. 
2.   By-word,  expression  of  contempt. 
Proverbial,  a.    Notorious,  current,  acknowledged, 

unouestioned. 
Provide,  V.  a.     I.      Prepare,  procure,  get  ready, 

make  ready,  arrange,  collect  for  use. 

2.  Supply,  furnish,  contribute,  yield,  produce, 
afford. 

3.  [Followed  by  with.\     Furnish,  supply. 
Provide,  v.  ».     I.   Cater,  furnish  supplies. 

2.  Take  measures,  make  provision,  prepare, 
arrange. 

3.  Stipulate,  bargain,  contract,  engage,  agree, 
covenant 

Provided,  conj.  If,  on  condition,  with  the  under- 
standing, granted,  supposing,  on  these  terms,  by 
stipulation. 

Providence,  n.  I.  Divine  government,  divine 
superintendence. 

2.  God. 

3.  Prudence,  foresight,  caution,  consideration. 

4.  Frugality,  economy. 

Provident,  a.     I.   Careful  {for  the  future),  pru- 
dent, discreet,  cautious,  forecasting,   foreseeing, 
considerate. 
2.    Frugal,  economical. 

Province,  «.  I.  Territory,  region,  tract,  domain, 
district,  section,  large  extent. 

2.  Dependency,  colony. 

3.  Business,  employment,  function,  duty, 
charge,  calling,  office,  part,  post,  capacity,  de- 
partment, sphere. 

4.  Division,  department. 

Provincial,  a.     I.   Of  a  province,  of  provinces. 


2.  Appendant,  annexed,  outlying. 

3.  Rude,  unpolished,  unrefiued,  rustic,  coun- 
trified, rural,  bucolic. 

Provision,  n.     I.    Providing,  anticipation. 

2.  Preparation,  provident  measures  or  steps, 
provident  care,  arrangement. 

3.  Stock,  store,  hoard,  fund,  supply,  supplies. 

4.  Proviso,  stipulation,  clause,  condition,  pre- 
vious agreement. 

Provisional,  «.     Temporary,  provisory. 

Provisionally,  ad.  Temporarily,  lor  the  present 
occasion,  for  the  present  exigency. 

Provisions,  «.  //.  Food,  victuals,  provender, 
fare,  eatables,  viands,  supplies. 

Proviso,  «.  Condition,  provision,  clause,  condi- 
tional stipulation. 

Provisory,  a.     I.   Conditional,  hypothetical. 
2.   Temporary,  provisional. 

Provocation,  «.  I.  Incitement,  stimulus,  stimu- 
lant, incentive,  provocative. 

2.  Affront,  offence,  indignity,  insult 

3.  Vexation,  angering. 

Provocative,  a.  Stimulating,  exciting,  inciting, 
provoking. 

Provocative,  n.  Stimulant,  stimulus,  incentive, 
provocation. 

Provoke,  v.  a.  I.  Excite,  stimulate,  arouse, 
rouse,  awaken,  incite,  move,  kindle,  inflame,  ani- 
mate, instigate,  impel,  stir  up,  work  up,  in- 
duce. 

2.  Exasperate,  incense,  enrage,  chafe,  vex, 
aggravate,  anger,  irritate,  exacerbate,  nettle, 
offend,  affront,  infuriate,  give  offence  or  umbrage 
to,  put  out,  put  out  of  humor,  work  into  a  pas- 
sion, raise  one's  ire,  make  one's  blood  boil. 

3.  Cause,  promote,  occasion,  instigate,  call 
forth,  produce. 

Provoking,  a.  Irritating,  vexing,  vexatious,  an- 
noying, tormenting,  aggravating,  offensive. 

Prow,  n.     Bow,  beak. 

Prowess,  «.  Bravery,  valor,  intrepidity,  courage, 
gallantry,  heroism,  fearlessness,  daring. 

Prowl,  V.  n.     I.   Rove,  roam,  wander. 
2.  Prey,  plunder. 

Prosimate,  a.  Next,  nearest,  immediate,  closest, 
direct. 

Proximity,  «.     I,   Nearness. 

2.  Nearness,  contiguity,  adjacency,  vicinity, 
vicinage,  neighborhood. 

Proximo,  «.     [L.]     Next  month. 

Proxy,  n.  Substitute,  agent,  deputy,  delegate, 
representative,  locum  tenens,  attorney,  commis- 
sioner, lieutenant. 

Prudence,  n.  Discretion  {accompanied  with  fore- 
cast), providence,  forecast,  sense,  caution,  careful- 
ness, circumspection,  considerateness,  common- 
sense,  judiciousness,  judgment,  wisdom  {applied 
to  the  ordinary  affairs  of  life). 

Prudent,  a.  I.  Discreet,  cautious,  careful,  cir- 
cumspect, wary,  considerate,  judicious,  provi- 
dent, foreseeing,  wise,  prudential. 

2.  Frugal,  economical,  thrifty,  provident, 
sparing,  saving. 

Prudential,  a.     I.    Politic,  prudent. 
2.    Discretionary,  advisory. 

Prudery,  n.  Coyness,  demureness,  stiffness, 
affected  reserve,  excessive  nicety. 

Prudish,  a.  Coy,  demure,  reserved,  over-modest, 
affectedly  modest  or  nice,  very  formal,  pre- 
cise. 

Pruina,  n.     [L.]     Hoar-frost. 

Pruinate,  ) 

Pruinose,  J  a.     Frosty,  frosted, 

Pruinous, ) 

Prune,  v.  a.     I.    Lop,  trirn,  clip,  dock. 
2.   Dress,  trim,  preen. 

Prune,  n.     Dried  plum. 


PRURIENCE 


332 


PUN 


Fmrience,  \  n.    Itching,  longing,  lust,  desire,  ap- 
Fniriencyf  j       petite,  hankering,  cupidity,  cove- 

tousness. 
Prurienty  a.     Itching,  longing,  desiring,   hanker- 
ing, craving,  lustful,  covetous. 
Prussian  Wue.     Ferrocyanide  of  iron,  ferrocyan- 

uret  of  iron. 
PrussiC  acid.     Hydrocyanic  acid. 
Pry,  V.  n.     Peer,   peep,   search,   look  closely  or 

narrowly,  scrutinize,  examine,  inspect,  question, 

investigate,  be  inquisitive. 
Prying,  a.     Curious,  inquisitive,  peering,  peeping, 

scrutinizing. 
Psalm,  n.     Sacred  song,  hymn. 
Psalmody,  «.     Psalm-singing,  psalmistry. 
Psalm-Singing,  «.     Psalmody,  psalmistry. 
Psaim-tune, «.    Choral. 
Irsalter,  «.     Book  of  Psalms. 
Pseudon3'ine,    «.      False  name,  fictitious  name, 

nom  de  plume. 
PsMw,  interj.     Poh,  pugh,  fudge,  pish. 
Psora,  ft.     [Gr.]     (Med.)     Scabies,  the  itch. 
Psyche,  «.     Soul,  mind. 
Public,  a.     I.   Of  the  whole,  not  private,  national, 

common,  general. 

2.  Open,  notorious,  general,  common. 

3.  Common,  general. 

Public,  n.  [Preceded  by  T/ie.]  Persons,  men, 
society,  the  people,  the  community,  the  world, 
general  body  of  mankind. 

Publican,  «.     I.    Tax-gatherer. 
2.    Inn-keeper,  victualler. 

Publication,  «.  I.  Promulgation,  proclamation, 
divulgation,  open  declaration,  blazon. 

2.   Literary  production  (dock,  pamphlet,  tnaga- 
zine^  etc.). 

Public-house,  «.  Inn,  tavern,  house  of  enter- 
tainment, hotel,  ale-house,  eating-house,  victual- 
lin^-hpuse,  restaurant. 

Publicity,  n.     Notoriety,  currency,  publicness. 

Publish,  V.  a.  I,  Promulgate,  proclaim,  utter, 
blaze,  blazon,  announce,  declare,  disclose,  di- 
vulge, reveal,  advertise,  bruit,  impart,  communi- 
cate, broach,  make  known,  spread,  spread  abroad, 
blaze  abroad,  tell,  ventilate,  make  public. 

2.    Issue  {as    a  book),  emit,  send  forth,  bring 
out,  put  forth,  print  and  offer  for  sale. 

Puce,  a.    Dark-brown,  reddish-brown,  flea-colored. 

Puceron,  «.     Plant-louse,  vine-fretter,  aphis. 

Puck,  «.  Robin  Good-fellow,  Friar  Rush,  Pug, 
Hobgoblin. 

Pucker,  v.  a.  Corrugate,  furrow,  cockle,  wrinkle, 
crinkle,  crease,  gather  into  wrinkles  or  folds, 
gather. 

Pucker,  «.  Fold,  wrinkle,  crinkle,  crease, 
furrow. 

Pudding-stone,  «.     (Min.)    Conglomerate. 

Puddle,  «.     Pool  {of  dirty  water),  muddy  plash. 

Puddly,  a.     Muddy,  miry,  foul,  dirty. 

PudiClty,  «.     Modesty,  chastity. 

Puerile,  a.  I.  Boyish,  childish,  juvenile,  youth- 
ful. 

2.   Foolish,    weak,    petty,    frivolous,    trifling, 
trivial,  idle,  silly,  simple,  senseless,  nonsensical. 

Puerility,  «.  I.  Boyishness,  childishness,  youth- 
fulness,  juvenility. 

2.   Folly,     foolishness,     nonsense,    weakness, 
silliness,  insipidity. 

Puff,  «.     Whiff,  sudden  gust ;  short,  quick  blast. 

Puff,  V  n.     I.    Blow  in  puffs. 
2.   Pant,  breathe  hard. 

Puff,  V.  a.     I.    Blow. 

2.  Swell,  inflate. 

3.  Praise  {extravagantly),  compliment,  flatter. 
Puffed  up.     Conceited,  proud,  haughty,  overween- 
ing, vain-glorious,  vain. 

Puffer, «.    {Ich.)    Globe-fish. 


Puffin,  n.    iprnitk.)    Coulter-neb,  Labrador  auk 

(^Alca  Arctica). 
Puffing,  a.     Bragging,  boasting. 
Puff  Up.     Inflate,  swell,  blow  up. 
Puffy,   a.      I.    Swelled,    swollen,   tumid,  turgid, 

puffed  out,  distended. 
2.   Bombastic,    inflated,    extravagant,    turgid, 

tumid,  pompous. 
Pugh,  interj.     Pshaw,  poh,  fudge,  pish. 
Pugilism,  n.     Boxing,  fisticuffs,  fighting  with  the 

fist. 
Pugilist,  «.     Boxer. 

Pugnacious,  a.  Quarrelsome,  fighting,  contentious. 
Pugnacity,  «.     Quarrelsomeness. 
Pugnis  et  calcibus.     [L.]     With  fists  and   heels, 

with  all  one's  might,  tooth  and    nail,    hammer 

and  tongs. 
Puissance,   «.      Power,    force,    strength,    might, 

potency. 
Puissant,  a.    Powerful,  strong,  mighty,  forcible, 

potent. 
Puke,  v.n.     I.  Vomit,  spew. 

2.   Sicken,  be  disgusted. 
Puke,  V.  a.     Vomit,  spew,  cast  up,  throw  up. 
Pulchritude,  «.     Beauty,  comeliness,  grace,  love- 
liness. 
Pule,  V.  n.     Whine,  whimper,  cry,  snivel. 
Puling,  a.     I.    Whining,  whimpering. 

2.    Infantine,  childish,  trifling. 
Pull,  n.     I.    Pluck,  shake,  twitch. 

2.  Contest,  struggle. 

3.  Hap,  venture,  chance  {collog.). 
Pull,  V  a.     I.   Draw,  haul,  tug,  drag. 

2.  Pluck,  gather. 

3.  Tear,  rend,  draw  apart. 
PuU,  V.  n.     Tug,  give  a  pull. 

Pull  down.     I.   Demolish,  subvert,  destroy. 

2.   Degrade,  humble,  bring  down. 
Pull  in  one's  horns.     {Collog.)      Repress     one's 

ardor,  restrain  one's  pride,  cease  boasting. 
Pull  out.     Extract,  draw  out. 
Pull  up.     I.   {Active.)    Draw  up,  haul  up. 

2.  {Active.)      Extirpate,    eradicate,     destroy, 
pluck  up,  root  out. 

3.  {Neuter)    Stop,  halt,  draw  the  reins. 
Pulmonary,  a-    Pulmonic. 

Pulmonic,  a.     Pulmonary. 
Pulp,  «.     Soft  part,  soft  mass. 
Pulpit,  n.     I.   Desk,  sacred  desk. 

2.   Preaching,  public  religious  exercises. 
Pulpy,  a.     Soft,  fleshy,  succulent,  pulpous. 
Pulsate,  V.  n.     Beat,  throb. 
Pulsation,  «.      Beating,   beat,  throbbing,   throb, 

palpitation. 
Pulsatory,  a.    Throbbing,  palpitating. 
Pulse,  «.     I.   Beating  or  throbbing  of  an  artery, 

pulsation,  throb. 

2.  Oscillation,  vibration,  pulsation,  measured 
or  regular  beat. 

3.  Legumes,  fruit  of  leguminous  plants. 
Pultaceous,  a.     Macerated,  softened,  pappy,  near- 
ly fluid. 

Pulverize,  v.  a.  Triturate,  comminute,  bruise, 
grind,  bray,  levigate,  reduce  to  powder,  pulver- 
ate. 

Pulverulent,  a.    Dusty,  powdery. 

Puma,  «.     American  tiger. 

Pummel,  «.  [Written  also  and  preferably  Pom- 
■mel.'\    Knob,  protuberant  part,  ball. 

Pummel,  v.  a.  [Written  also  and  preferably  Pom- 
mel.^  Beat,  strike,  knock,  hit,  punch,  whack, 
batter,  belabor,  bruise,  thrash,  flog,  drub,  bang, 
maul,  thwack,  thump,  cudgel,  baste. 

Pump,  V.  a.  Cross-examine,  interrogate,  cross- 
question. 

Pun,  n.  Quibble,  clinch,  calembourg,  play  upon 
words,  witticism,  conceit,  paragram. 


PUN 


333 


PURLIEUS 


Polly  V.  ft.  Quibble,  play  upon  words,  make  a 
pun. 

Punch,  V.  a.     I.   Perforate,  bore,  pierce,   punc- 
ture. 
2.   Push,  poke,  strike. 

Pimcll>  «.     I.    Borer,  puncheon. 

2.  Push,  poke,  blow,  thrust. 

3.  HoT^^  {short  and  thick). 

A.  Buffoon  (of  a  puppet-show),  clown,  harle- 
quin, Punchinello,  merry-andrew,  mountebank, 
jester,  droll,  zany,  scaramouch,  fool,  antic,  pickle- 
herring,  jack-pudding,  mime. 

Ptmchlnello,  «.     Buffoon.     See  Punch. 

Punctilio,  n.  Nicety  {of  behavior),  nice  point, 
point,  pique. 

Punctilious,  a.  Nice,  exact,  particular,  careful, 
precise,  strict,  scrupulous,  over-scrupulous,  con- 
scientious, punctual,  ceremonious. 

Punctual^  a.     I.   Nice,  exact,   minutely  correct, 
punctilious. 
2.   Prompt,  seasonable,  timely. 

Punctuality,  «.     I.    Nicety,   scrupulosity,   exact- 
ness. 
2.    Promptness,  punctualness. 

Punctualness,  «.     Exactness,  punctuality. 

Punctuate,  v.  a.  Point,  mark  with  points,  sepa- 
rate into  sentences. 

Puncture,  «.     Small  hole,  wound,  bite,  sting. 

Puncture,  v.  a.     Prick,  perforate,  pierce. 

Pungency,  «.  I.  Acridness,  acrimony,  acri- 
moniousness,  tartness,  causticity,  poignancy, 
piquancy,  sharpness. 

2.  Keenness,  severity,  satire,  pointedness, 
smartness. 

Pnn|[ent,  a.  I.  Smart,  stinging,  stimulating, 
pncking,  sharp,  biting,  mordant,  burning,  caustic, 
pyrotic,  hot,  peppery,  piercing,  penetrating, 
piquant,  acrid. 

2.  Acute,  keeuj  trenchant,  cutting,  acrimoni- 
ous, severe,  peevish,  tart,  waspish,  distressing, 
poignant,  smart,  painful,  satirical,  pointed. 

Punic,  a.     I.    Of  the  Carthaginians,  Carthaginian. 
2.    Faithless,  perfidious,  treacherous,  deceitful, 
untrustworthy,  false,  betraying,  traitorous. 

Punic  faitb.  Treachery,  treacherousness,  perfidy, 
traitorousness,  perfidiousness. 

Puniness,  n.  Littleness,  pettiness,  smallness  with 
feebleness. 

Punish,  V.  a,  I.  Chastise,  castigate,  lash,  chasten, 
scourge,  whip,  flog. 

2.  Discipline,  correct,  visit  with  pain  or  suf- 
fering, take  vengeance  on,  inflict  penalties  upon, 
subject  to  penalty. 

Punishment,    n.     I.   Chastisement,     castigation, 
scourging,  correction,  discipline. 
2.    Penalty. 

Punitive,  a.     Penal. 

Punk,  n.  I,  Prostitute,  strumpet,  harlot,  whore, 
trull,  drab. 

2.  Touchwood,  spunk,  agaric,  amadou,  Ger- 
man tinder. 

Punner,  «.     Punster. 

Pnnning,  n.   Paronomasy,  paronomasia. 

Funster,  n.     Punner,  quibbler,  paragrammatist. 

Puny,  a.     I.    Weak,  feeble,  inferior. 

_  2.  Little,  small,  petty,  insignificant,  diminu- 
tive, undeveloped,  undersized,  tiny,  dwarf, 
dwarfish,  pygmy,  pygmean,  stunted,  Liliputian. 

Pup,  «.     I.  Puppy,  whelp,  young  dog. 
2.   Young  seal. 

Pupa,  n.     Chrysalis,  aurelia. 

Pupil,  «.     I.   {Anat.)    Apple  of  the  eye. 

2.    Learner,    scholar,    disciple,    student,   tyro, 
beginner,  novice,  neophyte,  catechumen. 
X   (La7V.)    Ward. 

rupilaie,  n.  Nonage,  minority,  wardship,  pupil- 
arity,  tutelage. 


Puppet,  n.     I.  Doll. 

2.  Marionette,  image. 

3.  Tool. 

Puppy,  «.     I.   Pup,  whelp,  young  dog. 

2.    Fop,  coxcomb,  prig,  jackanapes,  dandy. 
Purblind,   a.     Dim-sighted,    near-sighted,    short- 
sighted, myopic,  mope-eyed. 
Purchase,  v.  a.     I.   Buy,  bargain  for,  get  by  pay- 
ment. 

2.   {Rare.)    Obtain,     acquire,     procure,     get, 
gam. 
Purchase,  «.     I.    Bargain. 

2.  Property,  possession,  acquisition,  thing  ac- 
quired. 

3.  Hold,  advantage,  power,  force. 

4.  Tackle,  lever,  capstan. 
Purchaser,  «.     Buyer,  vendee. 

Pure,  a.  I.  Clean,  clear,  unsullied,  unstained, 
stainless,  undefiled,  spotless,  unspotted,  fair, 
immaculate,  untamted,  untarnished,  unpolluted, 
uncorrupted,  unblemished. 

2.  Innocent,  guiltless,  guileless,  true,  virtuous, 
upright,  honest,  incorrupt,  holy 

3.  Genuine,  unadulterated,  unmixed,  real, 
perfect,  simple,  clear. 

4.  Modest,  chaste. 

5.  Mere,  absolute,  sheer. 

6.  Classic,  classical,  Attic. 
Purely,  ad.     i.   Genuinely. 

2.  Innocently,  chastely,  guilelessly. 

3.  Merely,  absolutely,  entirely,  completely, 
totally. 

Pureness, «.    See  Pijrity. 

Purgation,  «.  Clearing,  cleansing,  purification, 
lustration,  clarification,  defecation,  detersion. 

Purgative,  a.  Cathartic,  abstergent,  abstersive, 
cleansing,  purifying,  evacuant,  detersive,  deter- 
gent. 

Purgative,  «.  (Med.)  Purge,  physic,  cathartic, 
scourer,  purgative  medicine. 

Purgatory,  a.     Cleansing,  expiatory. 

Purgatory,  «.  Limbo,  hell,  infernal  regions, 
shades  below. 

Purge,  V.  a.  I.  Cleanse,  clear,  purify,  free  from 
impuritv. 

2.  Clarify,  defecate. 

3.  Physic,  scour. 

4.  Deterge,  wash  away. 
Purge,  n.     See  Purgative. 

Purging,  n.  {Med.)  Diarrhoea,  relax,  flux,  lien- 
tery,  dysentery. 

Purification,  «.     I.   Cleansing,  purifying. 

_  2.   Defecation,  clearing,   clarification,  depura- 
tion. 
3.   Lustration. 

Purifier,  «.     Cleanser,  refiner. 

Purify,   V.  a.     I.    Clear,    clean,    cleanse,    purge, 
free  from  impurity,  make  pure. 
2.   Defecate  {as  liquors),  clarify,  fine. 

Purism,  «.  Nicety  (m  the  use  of  words),  fastidi- 
ousness, squeamishness,  daintiness,  euphuism, 
affected  elegance,  finical  style. 

Puritanic,      I  a.     Strict,  rigid,  ascetic,  over-scru- 

Puritanlcal,  J  pulous,  prim,  strait-laced,  precise 
in  religious  matters. 

Purity,  n.     I.  Clearness,  fineness. 

2.  Cleanness,  clearness,  immaculateness. 

3.  Innocence,  virtue,  guiltlessness,  guileless- 
ness,  holiness,  honesty,  integrity,  uprightness, 
truth,  .simplicity. 

4.  Genuineness,  excellence,  integrity. 

5.  Modesty,  chastity,  chasteness. 
Purl,   V.  n.     Murnuir,  ripple,  gurj^le,  bubble. 
Purlieus,  n.  pi.     \_Usedge?uraUy  in  a  bad  sense.] 

Environs,  precincts,  suburbs,  neighborhood, 
vicinage,  borders,  limits,  outskirts,  con- 
fines. 


PURLOIN 


834 


PUT  ON 


Pnrloin,  v.  a.      Steal,  rob,  pilfer,  thieve,  filch, 

abstract,  crib,  cabbage. 

Purport,  «.  Design,  meaning,  signification,  im- 
port, significance,  drift,  current,  tenor,  bearing, 
scope,  sense,  tendency,  gist,  intent,  spirit. 

Purport,  V.  a.  Intend,  mean,  signify,  import, 
show,  design. 

Purpose,  n.  I.  Aim,  intent,  intention,  design, 
object,  end,  drift,  view,  final  cause. 

2.  Design,  project,  plan,  intention. 

3.  Sense,  meaning,  purport. 

4.  End,  effect,  consequence. 

5.  Question,  subject-matter  in  hand. 
Purpose,  V.  a.      Intend,  design,  mean,   meditate, 

thmk  of,  have  in  mind,  resolve  upon,  propose  to 
one's  self,  harbor  a  design,  contemplate,  deter- 
mine upon. 

Purpose,  V.  ft.  Intend,  design,  mean,  have  m 
mind,  determine,  resolve. 

Purposeless,  a.     Aimless. 

Purposely,  ad.  Intentionally,  designedly,  by 
design,  on  purpose,  advisedly,  wittingly,  know- 
ingly, deliberately. 

Pursuance,  «.  Pursuit,  prosecution,  following 
out. 

Pursuant  to.  Agreeable  to,  conformable  to,  ac- 
cording to,  in  pursuance  of,  following. 

Pursue,  V.  a.  I.  Follow,  chase,  hunt,  track,  dog, 
hound,  go  after,  give  chase  to, 

2.  Continue,  prosecute,  conduct,  keep  up, 
carry  on,  persist  m,  engage  in,  follow  up,  main- 
tain, stick  to. 

3.  Seek,  strive  for,  try  to  obtain. 

4.  Follow,  proceed  along,  keep  to,  keep  on. 

5.  Imitate,  follow  as  an  example. 

6.  Attend,  accompany,  follow  close. 
Pursuit,  «.     I.    Chase,  race. 

2.   Pursuance,  prosecution,  following  out. 
Pursuit  of.     I.    Chase  after. 

2.   Prosecution  of,  search  for,  quest,  endeavor 
after. 
Pursuivant,  «.     I.  Follower,  attendant. 

2.   State  messenger. 
Pursy,  a.     I.  Fat,  corpulent,  fleshy,  plump,  short, 
thick,  pudgy,  podgy. 

2.  Short-breathed,  short-winded,  thick-winded 
PurulencC,  I  «.       I.     Suppuration,    secretion    of 

Purulency,  I     pus. 

2.    Pus,  matter,  purulent  matter. 

Pnmlent,  a.  Feculent,  suppurating,  festering, 
corrupt. 

Purvey,  %>•  «•      !•    Provide,  furnish,  cater,  pro- 
cure provisions,  provide  food,  victual,  find  pro- 
vision. 
2.   Procure,  get,  obtain. 

Purveyance,  «.  Provisions,  food,  victuals  pro- 
vided. 

Purveyor,  ».     Provider,  caterer,  victualler. 

Purview,  «.  Limit,  sphere,  scope,  extent,  reach, 
compass. 

Pus,  «.     Purulence,  matter,  purulent  matter. 

Puseylte,  a.     Tractarian,  Tractite,  Oxford  school. 

Push,  V.  a.  I.  Thrust,  impel  {by  pressure),  hustle, 
jostle,  justle,  elbow,  crowd,  shove. 

2.  Urge,  press  forward,  drive  on. 

3.  Force,  press,  drive,  embarrass  by  argu- 
ments. 

4.  Importune,  tease,  press  with  solicitation. 

5.  Prosecute,  follow  closely- 

6.  Impel,  drive,  urge. 

Push,  V.  n.     I.   Thrust,  make  a  thrust. 

2.  Endeavor,  strive,  try,  exert  one's  self. 

3.  Bud,  sprout,  germinate,  vegetate,  grow, 
burst  out,  put  forth,  shoot  forth. 

Push,  n.     I.    Thrust,  foin. 

2.  Trial,  test,  exijrence,  exigency,  extremity, 
emergency,  pinch,  strait. 


-     3.   Onset,  attack,  assault,  charge,  strong  effort. 

Push  on.     Advance,  hasten  forward. 

Pusillanimity,  n.  Cowardice,  cowardliness,  timid- 
ity, poltroonery,  recreancy,  dastardliness,  mean- 
spiritedness,  pusillanimousness,  effeminacy,  faint- 
heartedness, fear. 

Pusillanimous,  a.  Cowardly,  timorous,  timid, 
feeble,  recreant,  dastardly,  effieminate,  spiritless, 
weak,  mean-spirited,  little-souled,  faint-hearted. 

Pustule,  n.  Ulcer,  fester,  imposthume,  gathering, 
pimple,  blotch,  blain,  sore,  abscess,  aposteme. 

Put,  V.  a.     I.   Place,  set,  lay,  deposit,  bring. 

2.  Impose,  enjoin,  levy,  mflict. 

3.  Propose,  offer,   state,  present,  bring   for- 
ward. 

4.  Oblige,  compel,  force,  constrain,  push  to 
action. 

5.  Incite,  urge,  entice,  induce. 

6.  Express,  utter,  state  in  language. 
Put,  V.  n.     Steer. 

Put,    I  «.     Rustic,  clown,  boor,  simpleton,  oddity, 

Putt,  )       simple  fellow. 

Put  about.  {Naut.)  Tack,  turn,  change  the 
course. 

Putative,  a.  Reputed,  supposed,  commonly  es- 
teemed, deemed,  reckoned,  reported. 

Put  away.     I.   Lay  away,  set  aside,  put  aside. 

2.  Renounce,  discard,  reject,  put  off,  expeL 

3.  Divorce. 

Put  back.     I.    Hinder,  delay. 

2.  Restore. 

3.  Set. 

Put  by.     I.  Lay  by,  lay  aiide. 

2.   Thrust  aside,  turn  off. 
Put  down.     I.   Deposit,  lay  down. 

2.  Repress,  crush,  baffle,  overthrow,  destroy, 
conquer. 

3.  Degrade,  confute,  humiliate,  abash,  shame, 
disconcert,  humble,  extinguish,  suppress. 

4.  Confute,  silence. 

Put  forth.  {Active.)  I.  Exert,  bring  into  play, 
bring  into  action,  make  manifest. 

2.  Extend,  thrust  out,  reach,  stretch  out. 

3.  Emit,  send  out,  throw  out. 

4.  Publish,  issue. 

5.  Propose,  offer  to  notice. 

Put  forth.    {Neuter.)     I.   Leave  port,  put  to  sea. 
2.    Bud,    shoot,    germinate,    push,    vegetate, 
grow. 
Put  forward.     I.    Promote,  advance. 

2.  Aid,  cause  to  progress. 

3.  Set. 

Put  in.     {Active.)     Introduce,  insert,  interpose, 

bring  in. 
Put  in.    (Neuter.)    Make  a  harbor,  enter  a  port, 

conduct  into  a  harbor. 
Put  in  for.     Make  a  claim,  offer  one's  self  for,  be 

a  candidate  for 
Put  in  mind.     Remind,  call  to  remembrance. 
Put  in  practice.     Apply,  exercise,  make  use  of. 
Put  in  one's  oar.      {Collog.)     Interfere,  meddle, 

intermeddle. 
Put  off.     {Active.)    I.   Discard,  renounce,  reject, 

cast  aside,  lay  aside,  divest  one's  self  of. 

2.  Defeat,  frustrate,  disappoint,    turn    aside, 
baffle. 

3.  Defer,  delay,  procrastinate,  postpone. 

4.  Get  rid  of,  dispose  of,  pass  fraudulently. 
Put  off.     {Neuter. )    Leave  shore,  put  to  sea,  put 

forth,  push  from  land. 
Put-off,  n.     Shift,  evasion,  excuse,  pretext. 
Put  on.     I.    Invest  with,  clothe. 

2.  Assume,  take  on. 

3.  Impose,  inflict. 

4.  Impute  to,  charge  upon. 

5.  Incite,  instigate. 

6.  {Law.)    Rest  upon,  submit  to. 


PUT  SHOULDER  TO  WHEEL      335 


QUALIFICATION 


Put  one's  shoulder  to  the  wheel.     Render  as- 
sistance, lend  a  hand,  help. 
Put  out.     I.   Eject,  expel,  drive  out. 

2.  Extend,  protrude,  hold  out,  stretch  forth. 

3.  Emit,  send  out,  throw  out,  shoot  out. 

4.  Extinguish. 

5.  Publish,  issue,  make  public. 

6.  Dislocate,  luxate. 

7.  Confuse,  disconcert,  interrupt. 

8.  Offend,  displease,  anger,  provoke,  vex,  irri- 
tate. 

9.  Place  at  interest. 

Put    out    Ot    countenance.      Shame,      mortify, 

abash. 
Put  over.    I.  Place  in  command  of,  give  authority 

over. 

2.  Defer,  postpone,  put  off. 

3.  Refer,  send. 

4.  Sail  over. 

Putrefy,  v.  a.     Corrupt,  rot,  render  putrid. 
Putrefy,  v.  «.      Rot,  decay,  decompose,  become 

rotten,  become  putrid. 
Putrescence,  «.     Rottenness,  putridity. 
Putrid,  a.     Decomposed,  rotten,  decayed,  corrupt, 

putrefied,  stinking. 
Putridity,  «.      Putridness,  rottenness,  corruption, 

putrefaction. 
Put  the  hand  to.      I.    Apply,  take  hold,  begin, 

undertake. 
2.   Steal,  purloin,  filch. 
Put  to.     I.   Unite,  add  to. 

2.  Expose,  refer  to,  give  over  to. 

3.  Lay  by. 

4.  Assist  with. 

Put  to  death.    Kill. 

Put  to  flight.    Cause  to  flee,  scatter  in  flight. 

Put  to  it.  Distress,  perplex,  puzzle,  embarrass, 
stagger,  pose,  nonplus. 

Put  to  rights.  Adjust,  regulate,  set  in  order,  set 
to  rights. 

Put  to  sea.  Set  sail,  put  forth,  put  off,  begin  a 
voyage. 

Put  to  shame.  Shame,  abash,  mortify,  make 
ashamed,  put  to  the  blush,  put  out  of  coun- 
tenance, put  down. 

Put  to  the  blush.    See  Put  to  shamb. 


Put  to  the  halter.    Hang. 

Put  to  the  sword.    Kill,  slay. 

Put  up.   (Active. )   I.   Store,  pack  away,  preserve. 

2.  Expose,  offer  publicly. 

3.  Put  away,  lay  away,  set  aside. 

4.  Hoard,  save. 

Put  up.  (Neuter.)   Lodge,  stay,  take  lodgings.   See 

Stop. 
Put  up  with.    Endure  (without  complaint),  bear, 

tolerate,  suffer,  overlook,  submit   to,  make   the 

best  of. 
Puzzle,  V.  a.      I.   Perplex,  embarrass,  bewilder, 

confound,  stagger,  pose,  nonplus,  confuse,  mys< 

tify,  gravel. 
2.   Make  intricate,  entangle,  complicate. 
Puzzle,  n.     I.    Riddle,  enigma,  labyrinth,  maze. 
2.   Perplexity,  embarrassment,   bewilderment, 

confusion,  dark  problem,  difficulty,  poser,  knotty 

point,  quandary,  nonplus. 
Pyemia,  «.    (Med.)     Blood-poisoning. 
]^et,  n.     Magpie. 
^gmean,    a.      Dwarfish,    dwarfed,     diminutive, 

small,  stunted,  Liliputian,  pygmy,  little. 
Pygmy,  «.     Dwarf,  hop  o'  my  thumb. 
^gmy,  a.    Dwarfish.     See  Pygmean. 
Pyre,  «.     Funeral  pile. 
ryXuXtnOi,  a.     Pear-shaped,  obconical. 
^rroligneous  Spirit,      n.      Wood-spirit,      wood^ 

naphtha.     See  Pvroxylic  spirit. 
Pjrrosis,  n.     (Med.)    Water-brash,  water-qualm. 

gJSI^fe.!-  Of  «-'"'■'■ 

^rotechniCS,  n.     Pyrotechny. 

^rrotechnist,  n.     Manufacturer  of  fireworks. 

Pyrotechny,  «•     Pyrotechnics. 

l^TOtiC,  a.     Caustic,  burning. 

I^oxene,  n.    (Mn.)    Augite. 

Pjrroxyllc  acid.    See  Pvroxvlic  spirit. 

^n*oxyllC  spirit.  Wood-spirit,  wood-naphtha,  me- 

thylic  alcohol,  pyroxylic  acid,  pyroligneous  spirit. 
Pyroxyline,  «.     Gun-cotton. 
P3rrrhonism,  n.    Scepticism,  unbelief,  incredulity, 

universal  doubt. 
P3rrrhonist,  «.    Sceptic,  doubter. 
Pyx,  n.     Box  (especially  that  in  which  the  host  is 

kept),  tabernacle,  vessel,  pyxis. 


Q 


Quack,  ft.     Charlatan,  empiric,  mountebank,  im- 
postor, pretender,  humbug. 
Quackery,  «.      Charlatanism,  charlatanry,  empir- 
icism,  mummery,  imposition,   pretension,  hum- 
bug. 
)uadrangular,  a.     Four-comered. 
Quadrate,  a.    Square. 
)uadrate,  »■     Square. 

PJa,e.|-    ""-'-""^ 

Quadrilateral,  a.     Four-sided, 
madruped,  ».     Four-footed  animaL 
)uadruple,  a.     Fourfnld. 

laere,  v.  n.      [L.  imperative.']      Inquire,  seek, 

question,  see. 
Quaff,  V.  a.     Drink  (copiously),  swallow  in  large 

draughts. 
Qua?gy,  «.     Boggy,  marshy,  swampy,  queachy. 
Quagmire,  «.      Bog,  fen,  slough,  morass,  marsh, 

swamp. 
Quail,  V.  n.      Cower,  shrink,  flinch,  faint,  blench, 

droop,  quake,  tremble,  be  quelled,  give  way,  lose 

courage,  lose  spirit,  be  cast  down. 


Quaint,  a.  I.  Odd,  strange,  singular,  antique, 
antiquated,  old-fasliioned,  archaic,  unusual,  un- 
common, extraordinary,  unique,  curious,  droll, 
fanciful. 

2.  Recondite,  subtle,  ingenious,  artful ,  abstruse, 
pice,  neat,  artificially  elegant,  characterized  by 
ingenuity  or  art. 

3.  Far-fetched,  affected,  odd,  whimsical,  fan- 
tastic, out  of  the  way. 

Quake,  v.  n.    I.  Shake,  tremble,  shudder,  shiver, 

quiver. 
2.   Shake,  tremble,  vibrate,  quiver,  move. 
Quake,  ft.    Shake,  trembling,  shudder,  tremulous 

agitation. 

Quaker,  «.    Friend. 

Oualifiahle,  a.    Modifiable,  abatable. 

Qualification,  «      I.   Fitness,  suitableness,  capa- 

bilitv,  accomplishment,  requisite  capacity,  ability, 

legal  power. 

2.  Modification,  limitation,  restriction,  con- 
dition. 

3.  Abatement,  diminution,  mitigation,  allow- 
ance, grains  of  allowance. 


QUALIFIED 


QUESTION 


4.   Adaptation,  fitting,  preparation. 
Qualified,  a.     I.    Modified,  limited. 

2.   Competent,  lit,  adapted. 
Qualify,  v.  a.     I.    Fit,  adapt,  capacitate,  equip, 
prepare,  empower,  make  tit,  make  suitable,  make 
capable. 

2.  Modify,  limit,  restrict,  restrain,  narrow. 

3.  Soften,  abate,  diminish,  mitigate,  ease, 
assuage,  moderate,  temper,  reduce. 

4.  Regulate,  vary,  temper,  modulate. 

5.  Dilute,  modify. 

Quality,  «.  I.  Property,  attribute,  nature,  char- 
acteristic, peculiarity,  trait. 

2.  Disposition,  humor,  temper,  mood,  charac- 
ter, condition,  characteristic. 

3.  Rank,  condition,  station,  standing,  status, 
character,  sort,  kind,  description,  capacity. 

4.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Nobility,  gentry, 
aristocracy,  persons  of  rank,  noblesse. 

5.  Brand, chop. 

6.  Part,  special  character,  assumed  position. 
Qualm,  «.    I.   Throe,  pang,  agony,  sudden  attack. 

2.  Sickness  {of  the  stomach),  nausea. 

3.  Twinge  {of  conscience)^  scruple,  uneasiness, 
compunction,  remorse. 

Qnalniish,  a.  Sick  {at  the  stomach),  inclined  to 
vomit,  queasy,  nauseated. 

Quandary,  «.  Difficulty,  perplexity,  doubt,  puzzle, 
uncertainty,  embarrassment,  bewilderment,  non- 
plus,_  strait,  dilemma,  pickle,  predicament. 

Quantity,  «.     I.    Size,  greatness,  extent,  measure. 

2.  Amount,  aggregate,  bulk,  sum. 

3.  Length,  duration. 

^  {Log.)  Category,  universal  predicament, 
general  conception. 

Quantum  SUfficit.     [L.]     Enough,  sufficient. 

Quarrel,  «.  I.  Brawl,  feud,  affray,  fray,  tumult, 
contention,  altercation,  tiff,  misunderstanding, 
wrangle,  contest,  squabble,  broil,  jar,  breach, 
rupture,  dispute,  difference,  disagreement,  dis- 
sension, bickering,  quarrelling,  strife,  breeze, 
falling  out,  variance. 

2.  Dispute,  contest,  open  variance,  breach  of 
concord.    ' 

3.  Objection,  ill-will. 

Quarrel,  v.  n.  I.  Wrangle,  scold,  altercate, 
squabble,  bicker,  brawl,  dispute,  spar,  jangle, 
fall  out,  have  words,  have  an  altercation,  be  at 
variance. 

2.  Scuffle,  squabble,  fight. 

3.  Cavil,  find  fault,  carp. 

4.  Disagree,  clash,  jar,  be  discordant. 
Quarrelsome,    a.      Irascible,    choleric,    irritable, 

petulant,  cross,  contentious,  disputatious. 
Quarry,  n.     I.    Stone-pit,  stone-bed. 

2.  Prey  {especially  that  of  the  hunting  falcon), 
game,  object  of  the  chase. 

3.  Pane  of  glass. 

Quart,  n     Two  pints,  fourth  part  of  a  gallon. 
Quarter,  n.     I.    Fourth  part. 

2.  District,  region,  territory,  locality,  place. 

3.  Mercy  {granted  by  a  conqueror). 

4.  Station,  position,  location,  specific  place. 

5.  Proper  position,  specific  place,  special 
location. 

Quarter,  v.  a.     I,    Divide  in  four  equal  parts. 

2.  Divide,  separate  into  parts,  cut  to  pieces. 

3.  Lodge,  billet,  furnish  with  quarters  {as  sol- 
diers). 

4.  Allot,  share,  deal  out,  furnish. 
Quarter,  v.  «.     Lodge,  abide,  have  lodgings,  be 

stationed. 

Quarter-note,  n.     Crotchet. 

Quarters,  n.  pi.  I.  Stations,  posts,  cantonments. 
2.  Lodging,  dwelling,  abode,  habitation,  shel- 
ter, entertainment,  temporary  residence. 

Quartz,  »■     Silex,  silica. 


Quartzite,  «.     Quartz-rock. 

Quash,  V.  a.     I.    Crush,  beat  to  pieces. 

2.  Crush,  subdue,  quell,  repress,  suppress, 
extinguish,  put  down. 

3.  {Law.)  Annul,  nullify,  overthrow,  cancel, 
make  void,  abate. 

Quasi.  [L.]  Apparently,  as  if,  as  though,  as  it 
were,  in  a  certain  sense,  to  a  certain  extent,  in  a 
manner. 

Quassation,  «.    Concussion,  shaking. 

Quaternary,  a.  Four,  fourfold,  consisting  of 
four. 

Quateron,  «.     Quadroon. 

Quayer,  v.  «.     Tremble,  shake,  quiver,  vibrate. 

Quaver,  «.     {Mus.)    I.   Shake. 

2.  Eighth-note,  eighth  of  a  semibreve,  quarter 
of  a  minim,  half  of  a  crotchet. 

Quay,  n.     Wharf,  artificial  bank,  landing-place. 

Queachy,  a.  Shaking,  yielding,  trembling, 
moving. 

Quean,  «.    Jade,  hussy,  base  woman,  sorry  wench. 

Queasy,  a.  I.  Qualmish,  sick  {at  the  stomach), 
inclined  to  vomit,  nauseated. 

2.  Fastidious,  squeamish,  difficult,  over-nice, 
delicate. 

Queer,  a.  Odd,  .strange,  singular,  droll,  whimsical, 
quaint,  curious,  fantastic,  unusual,  uncommon, 
extraordinary,  unique. 

Queest,  n.  Cushat,  ring-dove,  European  wood- 
pigeon  {Columba  palumbus). 

Quell,  V.  a.  I.  Subdue,  suppress,  crush,  over- 
come, put  down,  overpower. 

2.  Repress,  restrain,  check,  smother,  stifle, 
extinguish,  quench,  curb,  bridle,  lay,  rein  in. 

3.  Quiet,  calm,  still,  compose,  lull,  hush,  tran- 
quillize, pacify,  allay,  reduce  to  peace,  subdue. 

4.  Moderate,  assuage,  mitigate,  allay,  appease, 
alleviate,  mollify,  soften,  dull,  soothe,  blunt, 
deaden. 

Quench,  v.  a.     I.    Extinguish,  put  out. 

2.  Destroy,  still,  stifle,  repress,  check,  sup- 
press, out  an  end  to. 

3.  Allay,  shake,  cool,  extinguish. 
Quenchless,  a.      Inextinguishable,  unquenchable, 

irrepressible. 

Querimonious,  a.    See  Querulous. 

Querist,  «.  Inquirer,  interrogator,  investigator, 
questioner. 

Querulous,  a.  Complaining,  murmuring,  queri- 
monious, petulant,  peevish,  cross,  dissatisfied, 
discontented,  fault-finding,  bewailing,  lamenting, 
whining,  mourning,  fretful. 

Query,  «      Question,  inquiry,  it>terrogatory. 

Query,  v.  n.     Make  inquiry,  ask  questions. 

Query,  v.  a.     I.    Question,  inquire,  ask. 

2.  Doubt,  dispute,  hesitate  to  believ,  con- 
sider questionable. 

Quest,  n.     I.    Search. 

2.  Pursuit,  suit. 

3.  Inquiry,  examination. 

4.  Request,  desire,  prayer,  solicitation,  invita- 
tion, demand. 

Question,  «.  I.  Interrogation,  examination,  in- 
quiry, act  of  askuig. 

2.  Interrogatory,  query,  inquiry. 

3.  Discussion,  inquiry;,  debate,  disquisition, 
investigation,  trial,  examination. 

4.  Dispute,  controversy,  doubt,  verbal  contest. 

5.  Proposition,  motion,  topic,  point,  theme 
of  inquiry,  subject  of  investigation.^ 

6.  Examination,  investigation,  trial,  judicial  or 
official  inquiry. 

7.  Torture,  examination. 

Question,  v.  a.  I.  Interrogate,  ask,  catechise, 
examine,  inquire  of,  put  questions  to. 

2.  Doubt,  query,  hesitate  to  believe,  consider 
questionable,  be  uncertain  of. 


QUESTIONABLE 


337 


QUIT 


3.  Dispute,  call  in  question,  challenge,  take 
exception  to. 

Questionable,  a.  Doubtful,  suspicious,  uncertain, 
equivocal,  problematical,  disputable,  coutroverli- 
ble,  debatable,  liable  to  question. 

Qaesuoner,  «.     Inquirer,  interrogator. 

Uuib,  n.     Sarcasm,  bitter  taunt,  gibe,  quip. 

Qoibble,  «.      I.    Evasion,   cavil,   subterluge,  pre- 
tence, subtlety,  quirk,  shift,  prevarication,  equiv- 
ocation, sophism,  quiddity,  trifling  nicety. 
2.   Pun,  clinch,  calembourg,  play  upon  words. 

Quibble,   ».   «.       !•     Cavil,   shuffle,    prevaricate, 
equivocate,   practise    evasion,  evade    the   truth, 
trifle,  shift. 
2.   Pun,  play  upon  words. 

Quick,  a.  I.  Active,  nimble,  agile,  animated, 
sprightly,  lively,  smart,  alert,  brisk,  prompt, 
ready. 

2.  Rapid,  swift,  speedy,  fleet,  fast,  hasty,  ex- 
peditious, hurried,  flying. 

3.  Dexterous,  adroit,  skilful,  expert,  apt. 

4.  Acute,  clever,  sharp,  shrewd,  keen,  intelli- 
gent, sagacious,  discerning,  sensitive. 

5.  Excitable,  restless,  passionate. 

6.  Hasty,  precipitate,  sharp,  unceremonious, 
choleric,  passionate,  testy,  irritable,  touchy, 
waspish,    petulant,    irascible,    peppery,     snap- 

,  pish. 

7.  Alive,  living,  live,  animate. 

8.  Pregnant,  with  child. 

9.  Fresh,  sharp,  bracing. 
Quick,  ad.     See  Quickly. 
Quick,  n.     Quickset,  hawthorn. 

Quicken,  v.  a.  l.  Vivify,  revive,  resuscitate, 
make  alive,  animate,  ^ive  life  to. 

2.  Revive,  cheer,  reinvigorate,  refresh. 

3.  Hasten,  accelerate,  speed,  hurry,  expedite, 
despatch. 

4.  Stimulate,  sharpen,  excite,  incite,  refresh, 
actuate. 

Quickens,  «.     See  Quick-gr.iss. 

Quicken-tree,  «.  Rowan-tree,  mountain-ash 
{European)^  sorb,  fowler's  service-tree  i^Pynu 
aucufiaria  or  Sorbus  aucuparia). 

Quick-grass,  «.  Knot-grass,  dog-wheat,  dog's- 
grass,  couch-grass,  wheat-grass,  twitch-grass, 
quitch-grass,  quickens  {Trttuum  repens). 

Quick-lime,  «.  Caustic  lime,  protoxide  of  cal- 
cium,  burned  lime. 

Quickly,  ad.  I.  Speedily,  swiftly,  rapidly,  nim- 
bly, readily,  fast,  quick,  with  haste,  with  celer- 
ity, post-haste. 

2.  Soon,  without  delay,  immediately,  in  a 
short  time. 

Quickness,  «.  I.  Celerity,  expedition,  velocity, 
speed,  speediness,  fleetness,  rapidity,  swiftness, 
despatch,  haste. 

2.  Activity,  briskness,  nimbleness,  readiness, 
promptness,  promptitude,  alertness,  agility, 
smartness,  liveliness. 

3.  Dexterity,  adroitness,  expertness,  dexter- 
ousness,  aptness,  aptitude,  facility,  knack. 

4.  Sharpness,  penetration,  keenness,  acute- 
ness,  sagacity,  shrewdness,  perspicacity,  acumen. 

5.  Sharpness,  pungency,  keenness. 

Quicksand, «.    Syrtis. 

Quick-sighted,  a.  Sharp-sighted,  lynx-eyed, 
quick-eyed,  eagle-eyed,  hawk-eyed,  perspica- 
cious 

Quicksilver,  «.     Mercun',   hydrargyrum. 

Quick-witted,  a.  Witty,  smart,  nimble-witted, 
ready. 

Quid,  «.    Cud. 

Quidam,  n.  [L.]  Somebody,  some  one,  one  un- 
known. 

Quiddity,  «      I.    Essence,  nature. 

2.   Quibble,  cavil,  evasion,  sophism,  subter- 


fuge, prevarication,  equivocation,  trifling  nicety, 
subtlety,  quirk. 
Quiddle,  V.  n.     Dawdle,  waste  time  in  trifles,  be 
busy  about  trifles. 

^ddler,}«-     Trifler,  dawdler. 
Quidnunc,  n.     Newsmonger,  gossiper. 
Quid  pro  quo.     [L.]     Equivalent,  tit  for  tat. 
Quiescence,  «.     I.   Rest,  repose,  quiet,  quietude, 
stillness,  calmness,  calm,  tranquillity,  peace. 

2.  Suspense,  intermissiun,  remission,  dor- 
mancy, abeyance. 

3.  Silence. 

Quiescent,  a.     I.   Quiet,  resting,  still,  motionless, 
at  rest,  at  a  stand,  stock-still,  standing  still. 

2.  Quiet,  still,  placid,  calm,  unagitated,  undis- 
turbed, tranquil,  serene,  unruffled. 

3.  Silent. 

Quiet,  a.     I.    Still,  quiescent,  unmoved. 

2.  Tranquil,  calm,  peaceful,  peaceable,  silent, 
gentle,  mild,  meek,  contented. 

3.  Smooth,  unruffled,  unmolested,  undis- 
turbed, placid,  tranquil. 

4.  Calm,  patient,  contented. 

5.  Retired,  secluded. 

Quiet,  «•     I.    Rest,  repose,  stillness,  calm,  calm- 
ness, quietude,  quiescence,  quietness. 

2.  Tranquillity,  peace,  security,  ease,  calm, 
calmness,  silence,  quietness,  serenity,  repose, 
freedom  from  disturbance  or  alarm. 

3.  Patience,  calmness. 

Quiet,  V.  a.     I.   Stop,  suspend,  still,  arrest,  inter- 
rupt, intermit,  discontinue,  put  a  stop  to. 

2.   Tranquillize,  calm,    compose,  lull,   pacify, 
appease,  soothe,  sober,  allay. 
Still,  silence,  hush. 

4.  Moderate,  allay,  assuage,  mitigate,  mollify, 
alleviate,  soften,  dull,  blunt. 

Quietly,  ad.     I.   Peaceably,  at  rest,  without  dis- 
turbance, without  agitation. 

2.  Calmly,  patiently. 

3.  Silently,  noiselessly. 

Quietness,  n.    Tranquillity,  stillness,  calmness. 
Quietude,  «.     See  Quirt. 

Quietus,  n.     Acquittance,  final  discharge,  settle- 
ment. 
Quill,  «.     Pen. 

Quill-driver,  «.     I.   Writer,  scribbler. 
2.   Clerk,  scribe,  secretary,  amanuensis. 

Oninia     ( ""     Sulphate    of  quinia,    sulphate    of 
Quinine,!     ^"•"'"^- 

QuinQtlina,  n.     Cinchona,  Jesuit's  bark,  Peruvian 
bark,  Cinchona  bark. 

intessence,  n.  Es.sence,  essential  part,  extract 
nintuple,  a.     Fivefold. 

ulp,  n.     Taunt,  gibe,  jeer,   .scoff,   sneer,    mock, 
flout,  sally,  quirk,  crank,  repartee,  retort,  sharp 
saying,  caustic  or  cutting  remark,  biting  jest. 
Quirk,  n.     I.    Evasion,  shift,   make-shift,   loop- 
hole, quibble,  pretence,  pretext,  excuse- 
2.  Taunt,  gibe,  jeer,  sally,  quip. 
Quit,  V.  a.    I.  Deliver,  release,  free,  acquit,  ab- 
solve, set  free. 

2.  Free,  relieve,  clear,  liberate,  discharge 
from,  deliver. 

3.  Acquit,  conduct  {used  refiexively). 

4.  Resign,  give  up,  renounce,  relinquish,  sur- 
render. 

5.  Perform,  carry  through. 

6.  Pay,  discharge,  requite,  repay. 

7.  Leave  {with  tfu  purpose  of  tuver  reiurtf 
ing),  withdraw  from,  go  away  from,  retire  from, 
depart  from,  get  away  from. 

8.  Abandon,  desert,  forsake,  forswear,  cast  off. 
Quit,  a.       Clear,     free,  absolved,    released,    ac- 
quitted, discharged. 


22 


QUITCH-GRASS 


338 


RADICALLY 


Quitch-grass,  «.    See  Quick-grass. 

Quite,  ad.  I.  Completely,  wholly,  entirely,  to- 
tally, perfectly. 

2.   Very,  considerably,  in  a  great  degree,  to  a 
great  extent. 

Quit  scores.  Settle  mutual  accounts,  quit  from 
mutual  obligations,  clear  mutually  from  all  de- 
mands, make  even. 

Quittance,  n.     I.  Discharge,  acquittance,  receipt. 
2.   Recompense,    return,    repayment,   reward, 
requital. 

Quiver,  v.  n.     I.   Quake,  shake. 

2.  Tremble,  play,  be  agitated. 

3.  Tremble,  shudder,  shiver. 

Quiver,  «•    Trembling,  tremulous  motion,  shake, 

shudder,  shiver. 
Quixotic,   a.      Visionary;  imaginarjr,   wild,    mad, 

lanciful,  freakish,  Utopian,  chimerical,  fantastic, 

fantastical,  absurdly  romantic. 


Quiz,  «.     I.   Puzzle  {jby  way  of  sporf),  enigma, 
riddle,  knotty  question,  hoax,  joke,  jest. 
2.   Odd  fellow,  joker,  jester. 
Quiz,  V,  a.     I.  Puzzle  {/or  sport),  ridicule,  banter, 
hoax,  run  upon,  make  fun  of,  make  sport  of. 
2.   Stare  at  (in  mockery),  peer  at. 
Quo  ad  hoc.     [L.]    As  to  this,  as  far  as  this  is 

concerned. 
Quo  animo.     [L.]     Animus,  design,  motive. 
Quondam,   a.      [L.]      Former,   late,  old-time,    in 

former  times,  past,  ci-devant. 
Quota,  n.     Portion,  share,  contingent,  proportion, 
proportional  part. 
UOtation,  «.     Citation,  extract. 

LOte,  V.  a.     Cite,  adduce,  name,  repeat 
ttOth,  V.  n.     Said,  spoke. 
tUOtna,  interj.     Indeed,  forsooth. 
jUOtidian,  a.    Daily,  diurnal. 
iaotidian,  «.    {Med.)    Quotidian  fever. 


R 


RabMn  1  "*    ^^^""^^  doctor,  teacher,  master. 

Rabbit,  n.     Cony  {Lefus  cuntculus). 

Rabble,  «.  I.  Mob,  rout,  rabble-rout,  tumultu- 
ous crowd  of  vulgar  people  ;  confused,  disorderly 
crowd. 

2.  Populace,  commonalty,  herd,  dregs  of  the 
people,  the  common  people,  scum  of  society, 
lowest  class  of  people,  lower  classes,  the  masses, 
riff-raff,  swinish  multitude,  ignoble  vulgar,  vulgar 
herd,  canaille. 

3.  Rhapsody,  incoherent  discourse,  medley. 
Rabid,  a.     I.    Furious,  raging,  mad. 

2.  Rampant,  intolerant,  excessively  enthusias- 
tic. 

Raca,  n.    [Heb.]     Fool,  beggar,  worthless  fellow. 

Race,  n.  I.  Generation,  lineage,  stock,  breed, 
family,  line,  house,  kindred. 

2.  Tribe,  family,  clan,  people,  nation. 

3.  Progeny,  descendants,  offspring,  children, 
breed,  lineajre,  issue,  stock. 

4.  Trial  of  speed. 

5.  Chase,  pursuit. 

6.  Mill-race,  head-race. 

7.  Flavor,  taste,  strength,  quality,  smack  {of 
wine). 

8.  Root. 

Race,  V.  n.     I.   Run  swiftly. 
2.    Contend  in  running. 

Race,  V.  a.     Drive  swiftly. 

Race-course,  «.     Ring,  racing  ground. 

Race-horse,  n.  I.  Racer,  blood-horse,  thorough- 
bred horse. 

2.  {Ornith.)  Steamer-duck  (Micropterus  hra- 
ckypterus). 

Racer,  n.     I.   Runner. 

2.  Race-horse,  courser,  blood-horse,  thorough- 
bred horse. 

Rachitic,  a.     Rickety. 

Rachitis,  «.  {Med.)  Rickets,  inflammation  of 
the  spine. 

Rack,  n.  I.  Torture,  torment,  anguish,  agony, 
pang,  extreme  pain. 

2.  Crib,  manger. 

3.  Neck  (of  mutton),  crag. 

4.  Mist,  vapor,  flying  cloud,  moisture,  damp- 
ness. 

5.  (JVaut.)    Fairleader. 

6.  Stand,  frame. 

7.  Arrack,  spirituous  liquor. 


Rack,  v.a.  I.  Torture,  torment,  distress,  agonize, 
excruciate,  pain  extremely. 

2.  Stretch,  strain,  force,  wrest. 

3.  Draw  off  {from  sediment). 

4.  Harass  {by  exaction),  exhaust. 

5.  Heighten,  exaggerate. 

Racket,  «.  Uproar,  clamor,  hubbub,  tumult,  din, 
noise,  outcry,  disturbance. 

Racket-court,  «.     Tennis-court. 

Racy,  a.  I.  That  tastes  of  the  soil  (as  wine),  of 
a  peculiar  flavor,  pungent,  flavorous,  fine-flavored, 
rich,  piquant,  strong. 

2.  Strong  {as  peculiar  qualities  of  thought  or 
of  expression),  vigorous,  forcible,  of  a  distinctive 
character,  spirited,  pungent,  piquant. 

Raddle,  v.  a.     I.   Interweave,  twist  together. 
2.   Wrinkle. 

Radiance,  n.  Brilliance,  brilliancy,  lustre,  bright- 
ness, splendor,  resplendence,  effulgence,  reful- 
gence, glare,  glitter,  shine,  glister. 

Radiant,  <z.     I.  Beaming,  shining,  brilliant,  splen- 
did, resplendent,   effulgent,   sparkling,  lustrous, 
glittering,  luminous,  glorious. 
2.  {Bot.)    Radiate. 

Radiata,  «  pi.  {Zool.)  Radiate  animals,  rayed 
animals. 

Radiate,  v.  n.  I.  Shine,  gleam,  emit  rays,  beam, 
glitter. 

2.  Issue  in  rays,  emanate  in  rays. 

3.  Emit  heat,  throw  off  heat,  be  radiant. 
Radiate,  v.  a.     Emit  {heat  or  light)  in    straight 

lines. 
Radiate,  <z.     I.    {Bot.)    Radiant,  rayed. 

2.   {Zool.)    Radiated. 
Radiated,  a.     {Zool.)    Radiate. 
Radiation,  «.     Irradiance,  irradiation,  emission  of 

rays,  beamy  brightness. 
Radical,    a.     I.   Original,   fundamental,    organic, 

constitutional,  native,  natural,   innate,  essential, 

ingrained,  deep-seated. 

2.  Primitive,  underived,  uncompounded,  sim- 
ple, original. 

3.  Thorough,  entire,  complete,  perfect,  total, 
extreme,  thorough-going,  fundamental. 

Radical,  n.     I.   Radical  reformer. 

2.  Primitive  letter. 

3.  Root,  radix,  etymon,  primitive  word. 

4.  {Chem.)    Base. 
Radically,  c^d.     I.    Fundamentally. 

2.   Primitively,  essentially,  originally. 


RADICATE 


339 


RANGE 


Radicate,  a.    Deeply  rooted,  firmly  established. 

Radicle,       )  „       Rootlet 

Radicule,  /«•    ^°°^'''*- 

Radix,  n.  [L.]  Root,  radical,  etymon,  primitive 
word. 

Raff-merchant,  l«.     {Local     En^.]     Lumber- 

Raft-mercliailt,  i     merchant. 

Rag,  n.     I.    Shred,  tatter,  fragment,  bit,  patch. 
2.   [//•)     Mean  attire,  mean  dress. 

RagamaffiJl,  n.  Tatterdemalion,  mean  fellow, 
wretch,  paltry  fellow. 

Rag-baby,  «.    Moppet,  mopsey. 

Ra^e,  «.  I.  Fury,  frenzy,  wrath,  vehemence,  ex- 
citement, passion,  madness,  raving,  violent  auger, 
furor. 

2.  Extreme  eagerness,  vehement  desire. 

3.  Enthusiasm,  rapture. 

4.  (CoUoq.)    Fashion,  vogue,  mode- 
Rage,  V.  n.     I.   Rave,  storm,  fume,    fret,    chafe, 

be  violent,  be  furious. 
2.    Ravage,  prevail  without  restraint. 
Ragged,  a.     I.    Tattered,  torn,  rent. 

2.  Dressed  in  rags,  contemptible,  shabby,  poor, 
mean. 

3.  Uneven,  jagged,  rough. 

4.  Rough,  rugged,  shaggy. 

5.  Rough,  unmusical,  dissonant,  inharmonious, 
discordant. 

Raging,  a.  Furious,  enraged,  infuriate,  infuriated, 
incensed,  very  angry 

Raid,  «■  Invasion,  inroad,  foray,  irruption,  hos- 
tile incursion  {especially  of  mounted  men). 

Raider,  n.     I.   Invader. 
2.    Forager. 

Rail  at.  Censure,  reproach,  upbraid,  abuse,  sco£F 
at,  sneer  at,  scold  at,  inveigh  against,  exclaim 
aeainst,  declaim  against. 

Railing,  ».  Vituperation,  abuse,  scolding,  revil- 
ing, contumely,  reproacn,  invective,  aspersion, 
censure. 

Raillery,  «•  Banter,  irony,  slight  ridicule,  good- 
humored  satire,  pleasantry,  joke,  satirical  merri- 
ment, jesting  language. 

Railroad,  «.     Railway. 

Raiment,  n  Clothes,  clothing,  dress,  attire,  ap- 
parel, vesture,  vestments,  garments,  habiliment, 
habit,  garb,  costume,  array. 

Rainbow,  «.    Iris. 

Rain-gange,  n.  Pluviameter,  ombrometer,  udom- 
eter. 

Rainy,  a.    Showery,  wet,  moist. 

Raise,  V.  a.  I.  Lift,  uplift,  set  up,  raise  up,  make 
upright. 

2.  Hoist,  heave. 

3.  Erect,  rear,  construct,  build  up. 

4.  Exalt,  elevate,  advance,  promote. 

5.  Enhance,    heighten,    increase,    aggravate, 
augment,  amplify,  enlarge. 

6.  Excite,  rouse,  arouse,  awake,  stir  up,  call 
up,  call  forth,  put  in  action,  put  in  motion. 

7.  Collect,  levy,  obtain,  get,  bring  together, 
assemble. 

8.  Grow,    cause   to    grow,    propagate,    culti- 
vate. 

9.  Make  light  or  spongv  (as  bread). 

10.  Bring  back  to  life,  raise  from  the  dead. 

11.  [Southern  States  of  the    U.    S.'\     Rear, 
bring  up. 

12.  Cause  to  arise,  give  rise  to,  originate,  pro- 
duce, cause,  effect. 

13.  Give  rise  to,  originate,  occasion,  start,  set 
going. 

14.  Utter,  strike  up,  give  utterance  to. 

15.  Excite,  intensify,  invigorate,  heighten. 
Raise  a  sie^e.     Abandon  a  siege,  give  up  the  at- 
tempt to  take  by  siege. 

Raisin,  n.     Dried  grape. 


Rake,  n.    Libertine,  debauchee,  man  of  pleasure 

roui. 
Rake,   v.  a.    I.   Gather,  collect,  draw  together, 

heap  together,  gather  together,  scrape  together, 

rake  up,  heap  up,  scrape  over. 

2.  Scour,  search  closely,  ransack. 

3.  Enfilade. 

Rake,  v.  n.  I.  Search,  grope,  scrape,  scratch  in 
order  to  find. 

2.   (Naut.)    Incline  from  a  perpendicular  (as 
a  mast). 
Rake  np.     I.   Gather  together,  scrape  up. 

2.   Cover  with  ashes  {as  a  fire). 
Rakish,  a.   Lewd,  debauched,  dissolute,  licentious. 
Rally,  V.  a.     I.   Reunite,  restore  to  order. 

2.   Banter,  joke,  ridicule,  satirize,  deride,  mock, 
quiz,  taunt,  treat  with  raillery. 
Rally,  V.  n-     I.   Be  restored  to  order,   come   into 
order,  take  courage. 

2.  Recover,  recover  strength,  gain  ground,  get 
better,  pick  up. 

3.  Jest,  indulge  in  banter  or  raillery. 
Ram,  n.     I.  Male  sheep. 

2.  Aries,  the  vernal  sign. 

3.  Battering-ram. 

4.  Hydraulic-ram,  water-ram. 
Ram,  V-  a.     I.   Drive  down,  force  down« 

2.   Cram,  stuff,  foKe  in. 

Ramble,  v.  n.  Rove,  wander,  stroll,  range,  roam, 
straggle,  stray. 

Ramble,  «.  Stroll,  excursion,  trip,  tour,  wander- 
ing, rambling,  roving. 

Rambling,  a.  Strolling,  rambling,  wandering, 
straggling,  irregular. 

Ramilfcaaon,  n.  I.  Branching,  forking,  divari- 
cation. 

2.  Branch,  division,  subdivision. 

3.  Offshoot,  subordinate  branch. 
Ramify,  v.  a.     Separate  into  branches. 
Rami^,    v.    ».     Branch,    divaricate,    shoot   into 

branches. 
Rammer,  «.    Ramrod,  gun-stick. 


Ramous,/"-    ^^"^"^    Branched,  branchy. 
Ramp,  n.     Leap,  spring,  bound. 
Ramp,  V.  n.     I.   Climb,  creep  up. 

2.  Spring,  bound,  leap,  prance,  gambol,  frolic, 
sport,  play,  romp. 

3.  Sprmg  violently,  rage,  bound  wildly. 
Rampancy,  «.     Exuberance,  extravagance,  exces- 
sive prevalence. 

Rampant,  a.  I.  Rank,  exuberant,  luxuriant, 
wanton,  excessive. 

2.  Vehement,  impetuous,  ungovernable,  un- 
controllable, headstrong,  dominant,  unbridled, 
violent,  predominant. 

3.  (Her.)  Standing  erect  (on  the  hind  legs, 
as  a  lion). 

Rampart, ».     I.   Bulwark,  defence,  fence,  security, 
guard,  fortification. 
2.   Mound,  elevation,  embankment. 

Ramrod,  n.     Rammer,  gun-stick. 

Rancid^  a.  Rank,  fetid,  musty,  fusty,  strong- 
smellmg,  sour,  tainted. 

Rancor,  «.  Malignity,  malice,  malevolence,  spite, 
venom,  gall,  grudge,  ill-will,  hate,  hatred,  en- 
mity, animosity,  vindictiveness,  bitterness. 

Rancorous,  a.  Malignant,  malign,  vindictive, 
malevolent,  malicious,  bitter,  spiteful,  virulent. 

Random,  a.  Chance,  casual,  fortuitous,  stray, 
wandering. 

Range,  n.     I.   Row,  rank,  line,  tier,  file. 

2.  Class,  order,  kind,  son. 

3.  Excursion,  wandering,  ramble,  expedition, 
roving. 

4.  Scope,  sweep,  compass,  extent,  reach,  am- 
plitude, latitude,  command,  discursive  power- 


RANGE 


840 


RASORES 


5.  (Mus.)    Compass,  register. 
Range,  v.  a.     I.   Class,  raak,  arrange,  set  in  a  row, 
dispose  in  order. 

2.  Rove  over,  pass  over. 

3.  Sail  along,  pass  near. 

Range,  v.  «.  I.  Rove,  ramble,  wander,  stroll, 
roam,  course,  straggle,  rove  at  large. 

2.  Consort,  be  classed,  be  ranked,  rank. 

3.  Lie,  run,  bend,  correspond  in  direction. 
Rank,    a.      I.   Luxuriant,     vigorous,    exuberant, 

over-abundant,  high-growing,  strong  in  growth. 

2.  Excessive,  extravagant,  rampant,  very  great, 
violent,  gross,  sheer,  utter. 

3.  Rancid,     musty,     fusty,     fetid,     offensive, 
strong-smelling,   strong-scented,   frowzy. 

4.  Offensive,  high-tasted. 

5.  Fertile,  rich,  productive. 

6.  Gross,  coarse,  foul,  disgusting. 
Rank,  ft.     I.   Row,  line,  tier,  range,  order. 

2.  Class,  order,  division,  series. 

3.  Degree,  grade,  quality,  relative  station. 

A.   Dignity,  high  degree,  distinction,  eminence. 
Rank,  V.  a.     I.    Class,  arrange,  range,  classify. 
2.   [Modern  ]    Outrank,  take  precedence  of. 
Rank,  V.  n.    Be  ranked,  be  classed,  take  rank, 

have  rank. 
Rank  and  file.     Privates,   common  soldiers  {in- 
cluding corporals). 
Rankle,  v.  n.     I.    Fester,  be  inflamed. 

2.    Be  embittered,  become   more   bitter,  grow 
more  intense,  be  inflamed. 
Rankling,  «.     I.    Festering. 

2.   Animosity,  hatred,  heart-burning. 
Rankly,    ad.      I.   Luxuriantly,      with     vigorous 
growth. 

2.  Rancidly,  with  strong  scent. 

3.  Coarsely,  grossly. 

Rankness,    ».      I*   Luxuriance,    excess,   extrava- 
gance. 
2.   Rancidness,  rancidity,  strong  smell. 

Ransack,  v.  a.     I.    Plunder,  pillage,  sack,  ravage, 
rifle,  strip. 
2.   Explore,  rummage,  search  thoroughly. 

Ransom,  ».     I.    Price  of  redemption. 

2.   Release,    liberation,    redemption,    deliver- 
ance. 

Ransom,  v.  a.     I.   Redeem. 

2.   Rescue,  liberate,  deliver,  redeem. 

Rant,  V.  n.  Spout,  declaim  (boisterously'^,  rave 
{in  high-sounding  phrases),  vociferate,  mouth, 
tear  a  passion  to  tatters. 

Rant,  n.  Fustian,  bombast,  rhodomontade,  ex- 
aggeration, boisterous  declamation. 

Ranting,  a.     Declamatory,  theatrical,  bombastic. 

Ranunculus,  «.    {Bot.)     Crowfoot,  buttercup. 

Rap,  n.  Knock,  stroke,  pat,  thump,  thwack,  smart 
blow. 

Rap,  V.  a.     Strike  (suddenly),  knock. 

Rapacious,  a.     I.   Raptorial,  preying,  predaceous. 

2.  Ravenous,  greedy,  plundering. 

3.  Avaricious,  grasping,  greedy. 
Rapacity,   «.       I.    Ravenousness,   rapaciousness, 

voraciousness,  voracity,  avidity,  canine  appetite. 

2.  Greed,  ravenousness,  exercise  of  plunder. 

3.  Avariciousness,  greediness  of  gain. 
Rape,  n.     I.    Violation,  defloration,  constupration, 

ravishment,   defilement,   carnal   knowledge  of  a 

woman  (forcibly  and  against  her  will). 
2.   {Bot.)    Navew,   French    turnip    {Brassica 

napus). 
Rape-cake,  «•     Refuse  or  marc  of  rape-seed  (after 

the  oil  has  been  expressed). 
Rape-oil,  «.     Colza-oil,  oil  of  rape-seed. 
Rape-seed,  n.     Seed  of  the  rape  or  French  turnip. 
Rapid,  a.     I,    Swift,  quick,  fleet,  fast. 

2.  Speedy,  fast,  hasty,  quick. 

3.  Brisk,  hasty,  humed,  expeditious,  quick. 


Rapidity,  n.  I.  Swiftness,  quickness,  celerity, 
velocity,  rapidness,  haste,  speed,  fleetness,  agility. 

2.  Quickness,  rapidness. 

3.  Haste,  quickness. 

Rapidly,  ad.     Swiftly,  fast,  quickly,  expeditiously. 

Rapidness,  «.  Celerity,  swiftness,  velocity,  ra- 
pidity, speed. 

Rapier,  n.     Small  sword. 

Rapine,  «.  Plunder,  pillage,  spoliation,  robbery, 
depredation. 

Rapt,  a.  Enraptured,  transported,  ravished,  en- 
tranced, charmed,  delighted,  enchanted,  fasci- 
nated, spell-bound,  inspired. 

Raptores,  «.  pi.  [L.]  (Ornith)  Raptors,  rap- 
torials,  birds  of  prey.     See  Accipitres. 

Raptorial,  a.     Preying,  rapacious,  raptorious. 

Raptorial,  «.     Bird  of  prey. 

Raptorious,  a.     Preying,  raptorial. 

Raptors,  «.  //.  Raptores,  raptorials,  birds  of  prey. 
See  Accipitres. 

Rapture,   n.     I.   Transport,   ecstasy,  ravishment, 
beatitude,   beatification,  bliss,   great   happiness, 
heavenly  joy. 
2.   Delight,  exultation,  enthusiasm. 

Rapture,  v.  «.     Ravish,  transport,  enrapture. 

Rapturous,  a.     Ecstatic,  ravishing,  transporting. 

RaraaviS.     [L.]     I.   Rare  bird. 

2.  Curiosity,  rare  thing,  unusual  thing,  rarity, 
prodigy. 

Rare,  a.     I.   Sparse,  thinly  scattered. 

2.  Thin,  subtile. 

3.  Uncommon,  infrequent,  scarce,  unfrequent, 
singular,  extraordinary,  strange,  out  of  the  way, 
unusual. 

4.  Choice,  fine,  excellent,  exquisite,  incom- 
parable, inimitable. 

5.  Underdone,  imperfectly  cooked,  nearly  raw. 
Rarefy,  v.  a.     Make  rarer,  make  less  dense,  make 

thin,  make  porous. 
Rarely,  iwf.     I.   Seldom,  not  often. 

2.   Finely,  excellently. 
Rareness,  n.     I.   'I'hinness,  tenuity,  raritjr. 

2.   Uncommonness,  infrequency,  scarcity. 
Rari^,  «.     I.   Thinness,  tenuity,  rareness. 

2.  Uncommonness,  infrequency,  scarcity. 

3.  Uncommon  thing,  scarce  thing. 

Rascal,  «.  Knave,  rogue,  villain,  scoundrel,  scape- 
grace, caitiff,  scamp,  miscreant,  mean  wretch. 

Rascal,  a.     Mean-,  low,  pitiful,  paltry,  base. 

I^scalityf  «•  Knavery,  knavishness,  wickedness, 
villany,  dishonesty,  trickery,  chicane,  chicanery, 
fraud. 

Rascallion,  «.     Rascal,  mean  wretch. 

Rascally,  a.   ^  I.   Wicked,  villanous,  bad,  trickish, 
dishonest,  vile,  base. 
2.   Mean,  base,  sorry,  pitiful,  worthless. 

Rase,  V.  a.  I.  Erase,  efface,  cancel,  expunge, 
obliterate,  rub  out,  blot  out. 

2.  Level,  overthrow,  destroy,  demolish,  sub- 
vert, ruin,  prostrate.     See  Raze. 

Rash,  a.  Reckless  {in  action),  headlong,  head- 
strong, hasty,  precipitate,  heedless,  thoughtless, 
inconsiderate,  indiscreet,  impulsive,  careless,  in- 
cautious, unwary,  adventurous,  venturesome, 
over-venturesome,  audacious,  foolhardy,  hot- 
headed, hot-brained,  hare-brained,  without 
ballast. 

Rash,  n.  {Med.)  Exanthem,  exanthema,  erup- 
tion,   breaking  out. 

Rasher,  «.     Slice  {of  pork  or  bacon),  collop. 

Rashness,  n.  Recklessness  (in  action),  precipi- 
tancy, precipitation,  hastiness,  venturesomeness, 
temerity,  heedlessness,  thoughtlessness,  indis- 
cretion, carelessness,  inconsiderateness,  incon- 
sideration,  foolhardiness. 

Rasores,  «.  pi.  (Ornith )  Gallinaceous  birds, 
scratchers. 


RASORIAL 


841 


RAZE 


Hasorial,  a.     Gallinaceous. 

Rasp,  n.  Coarse  file  {the  promitunces  in  which 
are  made  by  a  punch  and  not  by  a  chisel^  as  are 
those  of  the  file  t  properly  so  called). 

Rasp,  V.  a.    Grate  harshly  upon,  offend. 

Rasure,  n.  Erasure,  obliteration,  scraping,  shav- 
ing. 

Rat,  V.  n.  Desert  one's  party  (from  interested 
motives),  bolt. 

Ratable,  a.  I.  To  be  rated,  estimated,  reckoned, 
set  at  a  certain  value. 

2.  Proportional,  Pro  rata. 

3.  Liable  to  taxation. 

Ratably,  ad.     Proportionally,  proportionab'v,  pro- 
portionately, in  proportion,  by  rate, /r<7  rata. 
Ratch,  n.     I.    Ratchet. 

2.  Ratchet-wheel. 
Ratchet,  «.     Click,  catch,  detent,  pawl,  ratch. 
Ratchet-wheel,  «.   { Mach  )     Ratchet. 
Rate,  n.     I.   Standard,  fixed  measure. 

2.  Cost,  price. 

3.  Worth,  value,  valuation,  estimate,  rank, 
degree. 

4.  Proportion,  ratio,  degree. 

5.  Tax,  assessment,  impost,  charge,  duty. 
Sate,   V.   a.     I.    Estimate,  value,  appraise,   set  a 

value  on,  compute,  reckon. 

2.  Scold,  chide,  reprimand,  berate,  reprove, 
censure,  blame,  find  fault  with. 

3.  Vilify,  defame,  abuse,  traduce,  asperse. 
Rathe   \''^-     Early,  betimes,  quick,  soon,  speedily. 
Rather,   ad.     I.    Preferably,  in   preference,   more 

readily,  more  willingly,  sooner,  more- 

2.  Moderately,  in  some  measure,  in  some  de- 
gree, somewhat,  tolerably. 

3.  Especially,  the  sooner,  the  more  so,  for 
better  reason. 

Ratification,  n.     I.  Confirmation,  substantiation, 
corroboration,  establishment. 
2.   Approval,  consent,  sanction,  confirmation. 

Rati^,  V.  a.  I.  Confirm,  substantiate,  seal,  cor- 
roborate, establish,  settle. 

2.  Approve,  sanction,  bind,  consent  to,  make 
valid. 

Ratio,  n.     Proportion,  rate,  fixed  relation. 

Ratiocination,  »  Reasoning,  argumentation,  de- 
duction. 

Ration,  «.  Portion  (oj  food  or  drink),  allow- 
ance. 

Rational,  a.  I.  Intellectual,  endowed  with  reason, 
reasoning. 

2.  Reasonable,  just,  right,  equitable,  moder- 
ate, fair,  fit,  proper,  agreeable  to  reason,  accord- 
ing to  reason. 

3.  Judicious,  sagacious,  enlightened,  sensible, 
discreet,  wise,  intelligent. 

4.  Sane,  sound,  sober,  in  one's  right  mind,  in 
one's  sober  senses. 

Rationale,  n.  Reason,  cause,  theory,  exposition, 
explanation,  solution,  the  why  and  the  wherefore, 
the  reason  why,  theoretical  explanation,  theo- 
retical solution. 

Rationalism,  «•  (Theol.)  Rationalistic  inter- 
pretation {o/the  Scriptures). 

Rationality,  M.     I.    Sanity,  soundness  of  mind. 
2.    Reasonableness,  rationalness. 

Rationally,  ad.     Reasonably. 

Rationalness,  «.     Rationality. 

Ratsbane,  «.  White  arsenic,  arsenious  acid,  white 
oxide  of  arsenic. 

Rattle,  n.     I.    Loud  talk,  empty  talk,  clamorous 
chiding 
2.    Jabberer,  prater 

Rattle,  V.  n.     I,    Clatter. 

2.  Jabber,  talk  noisily,  chatter,  prate,  prattle, 
babble. 


Rattle,    V.    a,     I.    Stun,    deafen,    drive    {with 
noise). 
2.   Scold,  chide,  rail  at. 

Rattle-brained,  a.  Giddy,  noisy,  wild,  rattle- 
headed. 

Rattle-head,  «.  Chatterer,  prater,  gabbler,  rattle- 
pate  (co/loa.),  giddy  talker. 

Rattle-headed,  a.  Giddy,  talkative,  wild,  un- 
steady, rattle-pated,  rattle-brained. 

Rattle-pated,  a.     Rattle-headed. 

Raucity,  «.  Hoarseness,  rough  utterance,  harsh- 
ness of  sound. 

Rancons,  a.     Hoarse,  husky,  rough,  harsh. 

Ravage,  v.  a.  Ruin,  spoil,  waste,  devastate, 
destroy,  despoil,  sack,  ransack,  desolate,  pillage, 
plunder,  strip,  lay  waste,  consume. 

Ravage,  n.  Ruin,  waste,  spoil,  pillage,  plunder, 
rapine,  desolation,  destruction,  devastation, 
havoc,  despoilment. 

Rave,  V.  n.     I.   Rage,  be  mad,  be  wild,  be   furi- 
ous, rant. 
2.   Be  delirious,  talk  irrationally,  wander. 

Ravel,  V.  a.  I.  Disentangle,  untwist,  unravel, 
unweave,  take  apart,  unroll,  undo,  unwind. 

2.  Entangle,  entwist,  involve,  make  intricate, 
net,  perplex. 

Raven,  a.     Black,  ebony,  inky,  sable. 

Raven,  «.     I.   Rapine,  rapacity,  rapaciousness. 
2.   Prey,  plunder,  food  obtained  by  violence, 
ravin. 

Raven,  v.  a.     Devour,  eat  with  voracity. 

Raven,  v.  n.  [Written  also  Ravin.]  Prey,  be 
greedy,   show   rapacity. 

Ravening,  a.    See  Ravenous. 

Ravenous,  a.  Voracious,  rapacious,  devouring, 
ravening,  greedy,  insatiable,  insatiate,  ferocious. 

Ravin,  n.     See  Raven. 

Ravine,  n.  Gorge,  defile,  deep  pass,  mountain 
cleft,  gulch,  gully. 

Raving,  ».  Madness,  frenzy,  fury,  rage,  furious 
exclamation,  delirium. 

Raving,  a.  Furious,  frenziedj  frantic,  distracted, 
mad,  infuriate,  phrenetic,  delirious. 

Ravish,  V.  a.  I.  Violate,  deflour,  constuprate, 
defile,  abuse,  debauch,  force,  outrage,  commit 
rape  upon. 

2.  Enchant,  charm,  captivate  delight,  enrap- 
ture, transport,  entrance,  delight,  overjoy 

3.  Strip,  seize,  snatch  by  force. 
Ravishment,   n.      I.    Rape,   defloration,   constu- 

pration,  violation,  defilement. 

2.  Rapture,  ecstasy,  transport,  great  delight, 
enravishment. 

3.  Abduction. 
Raw,  a      I.   Uncooked. 

2.  Inexperienced,  unskilled,  unskilful,  unpre- 
pared, green  in  experience,  unseasoned,  fresh, 
unpractised,  untried 

3.  Immature,  unripe,  green,  unfinished,  crude. 

4.  Cold,  bleak,  chilly,  damp,  piercing. 

5.  Unmanufactured,  in  the  natural  state, 
crude. 

6.  Bare,  sore,  sensitive,  galled. 
Rawly,  ad.     Unskilfully,  in  a  raw  manner. 
Rawness,  n.     I.   Unskilfulness,  inexperience. 

2.   Chilliness,  dampness,  bleakness. 
Ray,  H.     I.    Beam,  gleam. 

2.    Perception,    vision,     sight,    apprehension, 
notice,  intellectual  light,  beam. 
Rayed,  a.     I,    striped,  streaked,  radiated. 

2.  {Zodl  )    Radiate. 
Ray-giass,  «.      Darnel,   rye-grass  (Lolium   pe- 

renne). 
Rayless,  a.     Sunless,   beamless,  darksome,   dark, 

dismal,  Cimmerian. 
Ray-stone,  n.     Actmohte,  strahlstein,  novaculite. 
Raze,  n.    Root  (oj  oJ  ginger).    See  Race. 


RAZE 


842 


REASONABLY 


Kaze,  v.a.    I,  Overthrow,  demolish,  subvert,  de- 
stroy, ruin,  level. 

2.  Erase,  efface,  obliterate,  rase. 

3.  Extirpate,  destroy. 
A.   Graze,  rase. 

Razor-back,  «.     Whale,  rorqual  (Physalus  anti' 

quorum). 
Razor-bill,  «.     Black-billed  auk  {^Alca  tarda). 
Razor-strap,  «.     Strap,  strop,  razor-strop. 
Razor-strop,  «.    See  Razor-strap. 
Razure,  «.    See  Rasure. 
Reach,  v.  a.      I.   Extend,  stretch,  stretch  forth, 

hold  forth. 

2.  Touch  in  extent,  extend  to. 

3.  Strike,  hit. 

4.  Arrive  at,  come  to,  get  to,  get  at,  make 
way  to. 

5.  Get,  obtain,  attain  to,  gain,  be  advanced  to. 
Reach,  v.  n.     Extend,  be  extended. 

Reach,  n.     I.   Reaching,  extension. 

2.  Power  to  reach. 

3.  Capacity,  capability,  grasp,  power  of  at- 
tainment. 

4.  Penetration,  depth  of  thought. 

5.  Extent,  extension,  stretch,  range,  compass, 
distance,  space,  span,  spread,  expanse. 

6.  Application,  influence,  result. 

*l,  {Rare.)    Stratagem,  ruse,    fetch,   artifice, 
scheme,  contrivance. 
Reachable,  a.    Attainable,  within  reach. 
React,  V.  a.     Repeat,  re-enact,  perform  again,  act 

again. 
React,  V.  ft.     I.  Recoil,  rebound,  fly  back,  spring 
back. 
2.   Act  reciprocally. 
Reaction,  «.     I.   Rebound,  recoil. 

2.   Reciprocal  action,  reverse  action. 
Read,  V.  a.     I.   Peruse. 

2.  Interpret,  decipher,  unravel,  explain,  make 
out,  understand. 

3.  Comprehend,  understand,  know  fully. 
Read,  v.  n.     I.   Practise  reading,  be  studious    in 

books. 
2.   Be  read,  appear  in  reading. 
Read,  a.     Learned,  versed  m  books. 
Readable,   a.     I.    Legible,  that  may  be  read. 

2.    Worth  reading,  fit  to  be  read. 
Readily,  ad.     I.   Quickly,  promptly,  easily 

2.    Willingly,  cheerfully. 
Readiness,  «.     I.    Promptness,   promptitude,   ex- 
pedition, quickness,  alertness,  alacrity. 

2.  Dexterity,  aptness,  aptitude,  expertness, 
fecility,  knack,  easiness,  skill,  quickness. 

3.  Preparedness,  ripeness,  fit  state,  prepara- 
tion. 

4.  Willingness,  disposition,  inclination,  cheer- 
fulness, ease,  alacrity. 

Reading:,  «.     I.   Perusal. 

2.  Study  of  books. 

3.  Version,  interpretation,  lection. 

4.  Lecture,  prelection,  public  recital. 

5.  Delineation,  representation,  rendering. 
Readmission,  n.     Readmittance. 
Readmittance,  n      Readmission. 

Ready,  a.     I.   Prepared,  in  readiness,  fitted. 

2.  Prompt,  quick,  expeditious. 

3.  Apt,  expert,  dexterous,  keen,  prompt,  nim- 
ble, unhesitating,  facile,  adroit,  clever,  quick, 
sharp,  smart,  skilful,  handy. 

4.  Willing,  disposed,  inclined,  free,  cheer- 
ful. 

5.  Near,  handy,  convenient,  commodious,  at 
hand. 

6.  Easy,  opportune,  facile,  short. 
Ready-witted,  a.     Quick-witted. 
Reagent, «.    (Chem.)    Test. 

Realy  a.     I.  Actual,  veritable,  substantial,  sub- 


stantive,   absolute,    positive,    certain,    actually 
being  or  existing. 

2.  True,  genuine,  authentic. 

3.  Intrinsic,  internal,  essential. 

Realgar*    n.       Red  orpiment,   red  sulphuret  of 

arsenic. 
Reality,   «.       I.    Truth,   verity,    actuality,    fact, 

actual  existence,  matter  of  fact- 

2.  Substantiality,  being,  substantialness. 

3.  (Law.)    Realty,  immobility. 

Realize,  v.  a.     I.    Effect,   effectuate,  accomplish, 

Eertbrm,   bring   into    being  or   act,   work    out, 
ring  to  pass. 

2.  Make  real,  consider  as  real,  bring  home  to 
one's  self,  feel  strongly. 

3.  Make  certain,  substantiate. 

4.  Earn,  gain,  acquire,  get. 

Really,  ad.  Actually,  truly,  absolutely,  posi- 
tively, certainly,  verily,  indeed,  in  fact,  in 
reality,  in  truth,  veritably. 

Realm,  n.     I.    Kingdom. 

2.  Province,  department,  region,  sphere,  do- 
main. 

Realness,  n.    Reality. 

Realty,  «.    {Law)    Reality,  immobility. 

Ream,  «.     Twenty  quires. 

Reanimate,  ».  a.     I.  Resuscitate,  revive,  bring 
to  life,  restore  to  life. 
2.    Reinvigorate,  revive,  enliven,  cheer. 

Reanimation,  «.     Reinvigoration,  revival. 

Reap,  V.  a.     I.   Cut  with  a  sickle. 

2.  Gather,  gain,  get,  obtain,  receive. 

Reap,  V.  n.     Gather  the  harvest. 

Reaping-hook,  n.    Sickle. 

Rear,  «.     I.    Hind  part,  background. 

2.    Hind  part  {particularly  of  an  army). 

Rear,  a.     Rare,  raw,  little  cooked. 

Rear,  v.  a,     I.  Raise,  elevate,  lift,  raise  up. 

2.  Exalt,  elevate,  lift  up. 

3.  Bring  up,  raise,  educate,  instruct,  train, 
foster,  cherish,  nurse. 

4.  Raise,  breed. 

5.  Stir  up,  rouse. 

6.  Build  up,  construct,  erect. 
Rearward,  «.     I.  Rearguard.      See  Rereward. 

2.   End,  tail,  latter  part,  train  behind. 
Reason,  «.     I.    Intellect,  mind,  sense,  understand- 
ing, rational  faculty,   conception,  judgment,  in- 
tuitional faculty,    thinking  principle,    intellectual 
powers  or  faculties,  discursive  power  or  faculty. 

2.  Cause,  ground,  principle,  motive,  consider- 
ation, account,  efficient  cause,  sake. 

3.  Design,  purpose,  end,  object,  aim,  final 
cause. 

4.  Argument,  reasoning,  ratiocination,  right 
pdgment,  chain  of  reasoning,  process  of  reason- 
ing. 

5.  Reasonableness^  wisdom,  common-sense, 
good  sense,  right  or  iust  view. 

6.  Right,  justice,  fairness,  equity. 

7.  Theory,  exposition,  rationale. 

Reason,  v.  n.  I.  Draw  conclusions,  draw  infer- 
ences, make  deductions,  ratiocinate,  argue. 

2.  Argue,  debate,  dispute,  chop  logic,  try 
conclusions,  bandy  words  or  arguments,  hold  or 
carry  on  an  argument. 

Reasonable,  a.^  I.  Right,  equitable,  fair,  suit- 
able, just,  rational,  honest,  fit,  proper,  according 
to  reason,  agreeable  to  reason. 

2.  Judiaous,  sensible,  wise,  sagacious,  en- 
lightened, intelligent 

3.  Tolerable,  moderate,  considerable. 

4.  Rational,  intellectual,  endowed  with  reason. 

5.  Sane,  sound,  sober,  rational. 
Reasonably,  ad.     I.   Moderately,    tolerably,   in  a 

moderate  degree. 
2*  Rationally,  with  reason. 


REASONING 


843 


RECKONING 


Reasonin^ff  m.  Ratiocination,  argumentation,  argu- 
ment. 

Reassume,  v.  a.     Resume,  take  again. 

Reassurance,  n.     I.   Renewed  assurance. 
2.   {Law.)    Reinsurance. 

Reassure,  v.  a.     I.    Hearten,  enhcarten,   encour- 
age,  cheer,    comfort,  embolden,  strengthen,  in- 
spirit, assure  again,  restore  courage  to. 
2.   {La7v.)    Reinsure. 

Rebate,  v.  a.     I.    Blunt,  beat  back. 

2.  Diminish,  lessen,  reduce,  abate,  bate. 

3.  Cut,  pare,  rabbet. 

Rebate,  »      I.   Diminution,  lessening. 

2.   (Com.)    Discount,    allowance,    deduction, 
reduction,  drawback,  abatement. 

Rebel,  «.     Insurgent,  traitor,  revolter. 

Rebel,  v.  «.     Revolt,  resist  lawful  authority. 

Rebellion,  «.  Insurrection,  sedition,  revolt,  mu- 
tiny, resistance,  contumacy. 

Rebellions,  a.  Insubordinate,  intractable,  dis- 
obedient, mutinous,  refractory,  contumacious, 
seditious. 

Rebound,   v.   «.     I.    Reverberate,    recoil,    react, 
spring  back,  fly  back,  bound  back,  ricochet. 
2.    Reverberate,  re-echo. 

Rebound,  n.  Resilience,  repercussion,  reaction, 
recoil,  reverberation. 

Rebuff,  n.     I.    Repercussion,  beating  back. 

2.  Repulse,    check,     opposition,     resistance, 
defeat,  discouragement. 

3.  Refusal,  rejection,  repulse. 

Rebuff,  V.  a.  Repel,  resist,  reject,  check,  oppose, 
refuse,  beat  back. 

Rebuild,  V.  a.     Reconstruct,  renew. 

Rebuke,  ».  a.  Censure,  reprove,  reprehend,  rep- 
rimand, chide,  admonish,  blame,  upbraid,  lecture, 
scold,  scold  at,  find  fault  with,  remonstrate  with, 
silence. 

Rebuke,  n.    I,  Censure,  reprimand,  remonstrance, 
expostulation,  reproof,  chiding,  reproval,  repre- 
hension, blame,  reproach. 
2.   Chastisement,  punishment,  affliction. 

Rebut,  V.  a.     I.   Repel,  rebuff,  drive  back. 

2.   Repel  {f>y  argument  or  by  evidence)^  con- 
fute, refute,  disprove,  show  the  fallacy  of 

Recalcitrant,  a.     Opposing,  refractory. 

Recalcitrate,  v.  a.  Oppose,  kick  against,  be 
refractory. 

Recalcitration,  «.  Opposition,  repugnance,  kick- 
ing back. 

Recall,  V.  a.      I.   Revoke,  retract,  recant,  repeal, 
abjure,   rescind,  annul,  overrule,  cancel,  nullify, 
countermand,  set  aside. 
2.   Recollect,  remember,  recall  to  mind. 

Recall,  n.     Revocation,  recantation,  retraction. 

Recant,  v.  a.  Retract,  revoke,  recall,  annul, 
abjure,  disown,  disavow,  unsay. 

Recantation,  h.  Retraction,  revocation,  recall, 
abjuration. 

Recapitulate,  v.  a.  Repeat,  reiterate,  rehearse, 
reate,  run  over,  sum  up,  give  a  summary  of 

Recapitulation,  n.  Summary,  summing  up,  con- 
ci.se  statement. 

Recede,  v.  n.     I.    Retire,  withdraw,  retreat,  retro- 
grade, move  back,  return. 
2.   Withdraw,  desist. 

Receipt,  n.     I.    Reception. 

2.  Reception,  admission. 

3.  Recipe,  prescription,  formulary. 

4.  {Com.)     Acquittance,  quittance,  acknowl- 
edgment of  payment. 

Receive,  v.  a.  I.  Take,  accept,  derive,  obtain, 
acquire,  get. 

2.  Admit,  take  in. 

3.  Entertain,  welcome,  preet. 

4.  Allow,  permit,  tolerate. 

5.  Believe,  embrace,  give  credence  to. 


6.  Hold,  contain,  have  capacity  for,  retain, 
admit. 

7.  Suffer. 

Received,  a.     Accepted,  current,  admitted,    be- 
lieved. 
Receiver,  «.     I.    Recipient. 

2.    Receptacle. 
Recension,  n      I.   Review,  examination,  enumera- 
tion. 
2.   Review,  re-examination,  revisal. 
Recent,  a.     I.   New,  novel. 

2.  Late,  fresh,  newly  cume. 

3.  Latter,  modern. 

Recently,  ad.      Lately,   newly,  freshly,  not  long 

ago. 
Receptacle,  »•      Depository,  repository,  receiver, 

reservoir. 
Reception,  n.     I.   Receiving,  receipt. 

2.  Welcome,  entertainment. 

3.  Party,  so  trie. 

4.  Admission,  credence,  acceptance,  allowance. 

5.  Admission,  admittance. 

Recess,  n.  I.  Retreat,  nook,  corner,  niche,  place 
of  retirement. 

2.  Intermission,   respite,   remission   of  laijor, 
suspension  of  business,  vacation 

3.  Withdrawing,   withdrawal,   retreat,   retire- 
ment, recession. 

4.  Seclusion,  privacy. 

5.  Departure. 

Recherche,  0.  [Fr.]  Choice,  select,  uncommon, 
rare,  exquisite,  elegant. 

Recipe,  n.     Receipt,  prescription,  formulary. 

Recipient,  «.     Receiver. 

Reciprocal,  a.  I.  Mutual,  commutual,  correla- 
tive. 

2.  Interchangeable. 

3.  Alternate. 

Reciprocally,  a.     Mutually,  interchangeably. 

Reciprocalness,  n.     Ahernateness,  mutual  return. 

Reciprocate,  v.  n.    Alternate,  act  interchangeably. 

Reciprocate,  v.  a.  Interchange,  exchange,  re- 
quite. 

Reciprocation,   n.       I.     Interchange,    exchange, 
reciprocity. 
2.   Alternation. 

Reciprocity,  «.  Interchange,  reciprocation,  re- 
ciprocalness, exchanfre,  mutuality. 

Recital,  n.     I.    Repetition,  rehearsal,  recitation. 

2.  Narration,    relation,    description,    telling, 
account,  statement,  explanation,  detail- 

3.  Narrative,  story,  history. 
Recitation,  n.     Recital,  rehearsal,  repetition. 
Recite,  V.  a.     I.   Repeat,  rehearse,  say  by  heart, 

repeat  by  note. 

2.  Narrate,  relate,  tell,  describe,  recount. 

3.  Enumerate,   tell  over,  recapitulate,  detail, 
number,  count. 

Reckless,  a.  _  Careless,  heedless,  rash,  thoughtless, 
negligent,  indifferent,  regardless,  uncondferned, 
inattentive,  remiss,  mindless,  inconsiderate,  un- 
circumspect,  headlong,  indiscreet,  incautious, 
giddy,  imprudent,  improvident,  volatile,  wild, 
flighty,  unsteady,  giddy-brained,  hare-brained, 
foolhardy,  over-venturesome. 

Recklessly,  ad.  Heedlessly,  carelessly,  in  a  reck- 
less manner. 

Reckon,  v.  a.  I.  Count,  number,  compute,  calcu- 
late, enumerate,  cast,  cast  up. 

2.   Estimate,  esteem,  account,  regard,  repute, 
value. 

Reckon,  v.  n.  Compute,  calculate,  estimate,  cast 
account. 

Reckoner,  «.     Counter,  calculator,  computer. 

Reckon  for.     Pay  a  penalty  for. 

Reckoning,  n.  I.  Counting,  computation,  calcu- 
lation. 


RECKON  ON 


844 


RECREATIVE 


2.  Estimate. 

3.  Account,  register,  score,  charge,  bill. 

4.  Esteem,  account,  estimation. 

Reckon  on.     Depend  upon,  place  dependence  on, 

count  upon,  reckon  upon. 
Reckon  with.      Settle  an  account  with,  call  to 

account,  exact  penalty  of. 
Reclaim,  v.  a.     I.   Reform,  amend. 

2.  Regain,  recover,  restore,  reinstate. 

3.  Correct,  reduce  to  order,  amend. 

4.  Tame,  make  gentle. 
Reclaimable,  a.     I.   Recoverable,  redeemable. 

2.  Reformable,  amendable,  corrigible,  improv- 
able. 
Reclamation,  «.     I.   Recovery. 

2.    Demand,  claim. 
Recline,  v.  a.    Lean. 
Recline,  v.  «.    I.   Lean. 

2.  Couch,  lie,  lie  down,  be  recumbent. 

3.  Rest,  repose. 

Reclining,  a.     I.   Leaning,  recumbent,  lying. 
2.   Resting,  reposing. 

Recluse,  a.      Secluded,  sequestered,  retired,  soli- 
tary, shut  up. 

Recluse,  «.      Hermit,  anchoret,  solitary,  solitaire, 
anchorite,  eremite,  ascetic. 

Reclusion,  «.     Seclusion,  retirement. 

Reclusonr,  «,     Hermitage. 

Recogniuon,  «.      I.     Recollection,  memory,  re- 
membrance. 
2.   Acknowledgment,  avowal,  confession. 

Recognizance,  «.      I.    Recognition,  acknowledg- 
ment, avowal. 
2.    Badge, token. 

Recognize,  v.  a.      I.    Know  again,  remember  as 
formerly  known,  notice  as  already  known. 

2.  Acknowledge,  admit,  own,  avow,  confess, 
confess  knowledge  of. 

3.  Allow,  concede,  grant. 

4.  Greet,  salute. 

Recoil,   V.   n.      I.     Rebound,  reverberate,  react, 
spring  back,  fly  back,  bound  back. 

2.  Retire,  retreat,  withdraw. 

3.  Shrink,   falter,   fail,   flinch,  blench,    quail, 
draw  back. 

Recoil,  n.    Resilience,  rebound,  reaction. 

Recoil  from.      Abhor,  loathe,  abominate,  detest, 

feel  disgust  at,  shrink  from. 
Recollect,  v.  a.     Recall,  remember,  call  up,  call  to 

mind,  call  to  remembrance. 
Recollection,  n,     I.   Remembrance,  memory. 

2.    Reminiscence,  memory. 
Recommend,  v.  a.    I.  Commend,  praise,  approve. 

2.  Make  acceptable,  attract  favor  to. 

3.  Commit,  commend. 

4.  Advise,  counsel. 
Recommendation,  n.     Commendation,  praise,  ap- 
proval, approbation,  good  opinion. 

Recompense,   v.   a.      I.   Reward,  repay,  requite, 
compensate,  satisfy,  remunerate. 

2.  Reimburse,   indemnify,   redress,   make  up 
for,  make  amends  for. 

3.  Redeem,  pay  for. 

Recompense,  «       I.    Reward,  satisfaction,  repay- 
ment, remuneration,    compensation,    indemnity, 
indemnification,  amends,  satisfaction. 
2.   Requital,  retribution. 
Reconcilable,  a.      I.    Appeasable,  placable,   for- 
giving. 
2.   Consistent. 
Reconcile,  v.  a.    I.   Conciliate,  pacify,  appease, 
propitiate,  restore  to  friendship,  reunite- 

2.  Content,  bring  to  acquiescence,  make  con- 
tented. 

3.  Harmonize,    make    consistent,  bring   into 
harmony. 

4.  Settle,  adjust,  compose,  heal,  make  up. 


Reconcilement,  «.    See  Reconciliation. 

Reconciliation,  n.  I.  Pacification,  accommoda- 
tion, reconcilement,  reunion,  adjustment,  restora- 
tion of  harmony. 

2.  Agreement,  congruity,  consonance,  har- 
mony, concordance,  consistency,  congruency, 
correspondence. 

3.  Appeasement,  propitiation,  atonement,  ex- 
piation. 

Recondite,  a.     I.    Hidden,  occult,  dark,  obscure, 
abstruse,  transcendental,  mystic,  mystical,  secret, 
concealed. 
2.   Profound,  deep,  abstruse. 

Reconnoissance,  «  Preliminary  survey,  rough 
survey,  examination. 

Reconnoitre,  v  a  Inspect,  view,  survey,  exam- 
ine, spy  out. 

Reconquer,  v.  a.     Recover,  regain. 

Reconsider,  v.  a.     Review,  consider  again. 

Reconsideration,  «.     Renewed  consideration. 

Reconstruct,  v.  a.  Rebuild,  re-establish,  con- 
struct again. 

Reconstruction,  n.  Rebuilding,  re-establishment, 
restoration,  renovation,  redintegration,  reconsli- 
tution. 

Record,  v.  a.  Register,  enroll,  chronicle,  enter, 
note,  make  an  entry  of,  take  down,  make  a 
memorandum  of. 

Record,  «.  I.  Register,  account,  note,  chronicle, 
minute,  memorandum,  memorial,  enrolment,  reg- 
istry, memoir. 

2.  Vestige,  trace,  memorial. 

3.  Memory,  remembrance. 

4.  Attestation,  testimony,  witness. 

5.  History,  personal  history. 
Recorder,  «.     Registrar,  register,  clerk. 
Recount,  V.  a.      Rehearse,  relate,  recite,  narrate, 

enumerate,   detail,   describe,  particularize,    tell, 

give  an  account  of,  repeat. 
Recourse,  «.     Resort,  recurrence. 
Recover,  v.  a.     I.   Regain,  reclaim,  get  back,  win 

back. 

2.  Retrieve,  repair,  recruit,  make  up  for. 

3.  Heal,  cure,  restore,  revive. 

4.  Rescue,  save. 

5.  {Law.)  Obtain  by  course  of  law,  get  by 
judgment. 

Recover,  v  n.  I.  Rally,  regain  health,  get  well, 
be  restored  to  health. 

2.  Be  restored,  be  reinstated,  regain  the  former 
state. 

3.  {Law.)    Obtain  judgment,  succeed. 
Recovery,   «.      I.     Regaining,   recuperation,   re- 
trieval, redemption. 

2.   Recruiting,  restoration,  convalescence. 
Recreancy,   n.      Dastardliness,  cowardice,  pusil- 
lanimity, mean-spiritedness. 
Recreant,  a.    I.  Cowardly,  dastardly,  base,  craven, 
pusillanimous,  mean-spirited,  faint-hearted,  yield- 
ing. 

2.    Apostate,    treacherous,    false,    unfaithful, 
faithless,  untrue,  backsliding. 
Recreant,  n.     I.    Coward,  dastard. 

2.   Apostate,  renegade,  backslider. 
Recreate,  v.  a.      I.    Refresh,   entertain,  divert, 
amuse,  cheer,  enliven. 

2.  Delight,  gratify,  please. 

3.  Relieve,  revive,  reanimate. 

Recreate,   v.   n.       Unbend,    take    recreation,    be 

diverted,  be  amused. 
Recreation,  «•      I.  Amusement,  diversion,  enter- 
tainment,    relaxation,     sport,      play,     pastime, 
cheer. 
2.   Relief,  refreshment. 
Recreative,  a.    I,   Amusing,  diverting,  entertain- 
ing. 
2«  Refreshing,  relieving. 


RECREMENT 


345 


REDUCE 


Recrementi  «.     Scoria,  dross,  spume,  scum,  refuse, 

Recrmiinate,  v.  n.  Return  an  accusation,  retort 
a  charge. 

RecriminatiOIl,  n.  Counter-accusation,  counter- 
charge, retort. 

Recriminatory,  a.  Recriminating,  retorting, 
accusing. 

Recruit,  v.  a.     I.  Repair,  replenish,  supply,  lack. 

2.  Refresh,  revive,  restore,  renovate,  renew, 
recover,  reinvigorate,  regain,  retrieve. 

3.  (iWf/.)    Reinforce,  supply  with  new  men. 
Recruit,  v.  n.     I.  Raise  new  soldiers,  get  supplies 

of  men,  enlist  troops. 

2.   Revive,  recover,  regain  health,  be  restored 
to  health,  get  well. 
Rectangular,  a.     Right-angled. 
Rectify,  v.  a.     I.   Correct,  redress,  mend,  amend, 
emend,  better,  improve,  reform,  adjust,  regulate, 
straighten,  set  right,  make  right. 
2.    (CAfm.)     Refine,  purify. 

Rectilineal,  I  a.     Right-lined,  straight,  straight- 
Rectilinear,  )      lined. 

Rectitude,  «.      I.    Right,  uprightness,   integrity, 
probitjr,  honesty,  justice,   equity,  virtue,    good- 
ness, righteousness,  principle,  conscientiousness, 
straightforwardness. 
2.   Correctness. 
Rector,  «.     Pastor,  clergyman. 


Rectorate, 


«.     Office  of  rector. 


Rectorship, , 

Rectory,  «.     Parsonage,  rector's  mansion. 

Recumbent,  a.     I.   Leaning,  reclining,  lying. 

2.   Reposing,  inactive,  listless,  idle. 
Recuperate,  v.  a.     Recover,  regain,  get  back. 
Recuperation,  «.     Recovery. 
Recuperative,  a.    Restorative. 
Recur,  v.  n      I.  Return,  come  back,  come  again, 
be  repeated. 

2.  Run  in  the  mind,  run  in  one's  head,  return 
to  the  thought. 

3.  Resort,  revert,  have  recourse,  go  for  help. 
Recurrence,  I  n.    I.  Return. 
Recurrency,  )         2.    Resort,  the  having  recourse. 
Recurrent,    \  a.      Returning  {at    intervals),    re- 
Recurring,  J       newed,    intermittent,    periodical. 
Recurved,  a.      (Bot.)      Curved  outward,  curved 

backward,  recurvous,  recurvate. 

Recusancy,  «.      Nonconformity,  dissent,  hetero- 
doxy. 

Recusant,  «.     Dissenter,  nonconformist. 

Recusative,  a.     Refusing,  denying,  negative. 

Redbreast, «.    Robin. 

Redbud,  w.     Judas-tree. 

Red-chalk,  «.    Reddle. 

Red-deal,  «.     Scotch  pine  timber. 

Redden,  v.  a.     Make  red. 

Redden,  v.  n.     Blush,  color,  become  red. 

Reddish-yeUow,  a.     See  Carroty. 

Reddition,  n.     I.   Restitution,  restoration,  rendi- 
tion, surrender. 
2.    Explanation,  representation. 

Reddle,  n.    Red-chalk. 

Redeem,  v.  a,     I.   Repurchase,  buy  back,  regain, 
retrieve. 

2.  Ransom,  free,  liberate,  save,  rescue. 

3.  Deliver,  recover,  rescue,  save. 

4.  Compensate,  recompense,  make  amends  for, 
atone  for. 

5.  Fulfil,  keep,  discharge,  make  good,  per- 
form. 

6.  Improve,  employ  well. 
Redeemable,  a.     Recoverable,  retrievable. 
Redeemer,  «.     I.    Ransomer. 

2.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Christ,  Jesus,  Im- 
maniiel,  Emmanuel,  the  Saviour,  the  Messiah, 
the  Mediator,  the  Intercessor,  the  Advocate,  the 


Judge,  the  Anointed,  the  Word,  the  Son  of  Man, 
the  Son  of  God,  the  Son  of  David,  the  Lamb  of 
God,  Shiloh,  the  Prince  of  Peace,  the  Bread 
of  Life,  the  Sun  of  Righteousness,  the  Lord, 
the  Light  of  the  World,  the  Good  Shepherd, 
the  Way,  the  Truth,  the  Life. 
Redemption,  «■  I.  Repurchase,  retrieval,  re- 
covery. 

2.  Ransom,  release,  liberation,  deliverance, 
rescue,  salvation. 

3.  Performance,  discharge,  fulfilment. 
Red-eye,   «.      (/cA.)      Rud  {Leuciscus  erythoph- 

thalmus). 

Red-gum,  n.    {Med.)    Gum-rash,  tooth-rash. 

Redintegrate,  v.  a.  Restore,  renew,  reconstitute, 
re-establish,  reconstruct,  renovate. 

Redintegration,  n.  Restoration,  renewal,  re- 
establishment,  reconstruction,  renovation. 

Re-disburse,  v.  a.     Refund,  repay. 

Red-lead,  ».     Minium. 

Red-lead-ore,  ».     {Min.)    Crocoisite. 

Red-letter,  a.  Fortunate,  lucky,  happy,  aus- 
picious. 

Red-manganese, «.    {Min.)    Diallogite. 

Red-marl,  «.     Red  sandstone. 

Redolence,  I  «.     Fragrance,  aroma,  odor,  perfume, 

Redolency,  i      sweet  scent,  grateful  odor,  savor 

Redolent,  a.  Fragrant,  odoriferous,  odorous,  aro- 
matic, balmy,  scented,  sweet-smelling. 

Redouble,  v.  a.     I.  Reduplicate,  multiply,  double 
again,  reiterate. 
2.   Augment,  increase. 

Redouble,  v.  «•  Be  repeated,  become  twice  as 
much. 

Redoubt,  «.  {Fort.)  Outwork,  temporary  field- 
work. 

Redoubtable,  a.     I.  Formidable,  terrible  {to  foes), 
dreadful,  awful. 
2.   Valiant. 

Redound,  v.  n.    Result,  contribute,  conduce,  tend. 

Redound,  «.     Result,  return,  requital,  reflection. 

Red-precipitate,  «.     Red  oxide  of  mercury. 

Red-puCCOon,  «.  Blood- root,  bloodwort,  red- root 
(Sanguinaria  Canadensis). 

Redress,   v.  a.       I.    Remedy,   repair,   set   right, 
amend,  correct,  rectify,  adjust,  order. 
2.    Relieve,  ease,  compensate,  make  amends  to. 

Redress,  «•  Remedy,  relief,  amends,  compensa- 
tion, reparation,  atonement,  indemnification. 

Redressal,  «.  Redress,  amendment,  correction, 
rectification,  reparation. 

Red-root,  «.  I.  New  Jersey  tea  {Ceanothus 
A  ntericanus). 

2.  Stoneweed,  puccoon-root  {Lithospermum 
arvense). 

3.  Blood-root,  bloodwort,  red-puccoon  {San' 
f^uinaria  Canadensis). 

Red  saunders-WOOd.  Red  sandal-wood,  ruby- 
wood. 

Red  squirrel.     Chickaree  {Sciurus  Hudsonius). 

Redtop,  H.  {Bot.)  English  grass,  herds-grass 
{Agrostis  vulgaris). 

Reduce,  v.  a.     I.    Bring,  restore. 

2.  Render,  form,  mould,  make,  shape,  model, 
remodel,  convert  into,  resolve  into,  change  into, 
bring  intOj  bring  to. 

3.  Dimmish,  contract,  lessen,  abate,  decrease, 
attenuate,  contract,  abridge,  curtail,  shorten,  cut 
short,  cut  down,  make  less. 

4.  Depress,  debase,  lower,  degrade,  impair, 
weaken,  dwarf. 

5.  Subdue,  subject,  conquer,  subjugate,  over- 
power, overthrow,  vanquish,  master,  bring  into 
subjection. 

6.  Impoverish,  ruin,  bring  to  want,  bring  to 
poverty. 

7«  {Math.)    Solve,  resolve. 


REDUCTION 


346 


REFRAIN 


Reduction,  n.  I.  Conversion,  resolution,  trans- 
mutation. 

2.  Diminution,  contraction,  decrease,  abridg- 
ment, lessening,  retrenchment,  abatement,  decre- 
ment, curtailment,  lowering. 

3.  Depression,  detrusion,  abasement,  lower- 
ing. 

4.  Subjugation,  conquest,  subjection,  mastery, 
subdual. 

5.  {Math.)     Resolution,  solution. 
Redundance,  )  «.       I.    Excess,    superabundance, 
Redundancy,  i      superfluity,  exuberance. 

2.   Diffuseness. 

Redundant,    a.       I.    Excessive,    superabundant, 
exuberant,    superfluous,    overflowing,    plentiful, 
copious. 
2.   Diffuse. 

Redundantly,  ad.  Superfluously,  superabun- 
dantly, excessively. 

Redupucate,  v.  a.  Redouble,  repeat,  multiply, 
double  again. 

Reduplication,  «.  Doubling,  duplication,  re- 
doubling, repetition. 

Redwing,  «.  Wind-thrush,  swine-pipe,  red-sided 
thrush  (  Turdus  iliacus). 

Re-echo,  v.  a.     Reverberate,  echo  back. 

Re-echo,  v.  n.     Resound,  echo  back. 

Re-echo,  «.     Reverberation,  echo  of  an  echo. 

Reed,  «.      I.    Pastoral  pipe,  rustic  pipe,  musical 
instrument. 
2.   Arrow. 

Reed-bird,  ».  Rice-bird,  bobolink  (Dolichonyx 
oryzivora). 

Reed-hunting,  «.  Chuck,  reed-sparrow,  water- 
sparrow,  ring-bunting,  king-bird  {Emberiza  scha- 
niclus). 

Reed-grass,  «.     Bur-reed. 

Reed-mace,  «.  Cat-tail,  mace-reed  {Typha  lati- 
folia). 

Reed-organ,  «.    Harmoneon,  melodeon,  seraphine. 

Reed-Sparrow,  «.     See  Reed-bunting. 

Reef,  V.  a.     Take  in  (sail). 

Reek,  «.      I.    Smoke,  steam,  exhalation,  vapor, 
effluvium,  fume,  mist. 
2.   Rick,  stack. 

Reek,  v.  n.    Smoke,  steam,  exhale,  emit  vapor. 

Reeking,  a.     Smoking,  steaming. 

Reeky,  a.     I.    Smoky,  foul,  sooty,  sweaty. 
2.  Tanned,  black,  dark. 

Reel,  V.  n.      I.    Totter,  stagger,  falter,  vacillate, 
waver. 
2.   Whirl,  spin. 

Re-enforce,  v.  a.  Strengthen,  give  additional 
support  to,  enforce  anew. 

Reyenforcement,  «.  Additional  force,  fresh  as- 
sistance, new  help. 

Re-enkindle,  v.  a.    Rekindle. 

Re-entering,  a.  Re-entrant,  turning  inward, 
pointing  inward. 

Reermouse,  «.     Bat,  rearmouse. 

Re-estahlish,  v.  a.  Restore,  reinstate,  replace, 
renew,  renovate,  establish  again. 

Re-estahlishment,  «.  Restoration,  renewed  con- 
firmation. 

Refection,  «.  Luncheon,  refreshment,  simple 
repast. 

Refective,  a.     Refreshing,  restorative. 

Refectory,  «.     Refreshment-room,  eating-room. 

Refer,  v.  a.      I.    Direct,  consign,  commit,  leave, 
deliver  over,  give  in  charge. 
2.   Attribute,  ascribe,  impute,  assign. 

Refer,  v.  n.  I.  Relate,  point,  belong,  pertain, 
appertain,  have  reference,  respect. 

2.    Appeal,  have  recourse,  apply,  consult. 
_  3.    Allude,  advert,  direct  attention,  make  allu- 
sion, make  reference,  hint  at. 

Referable,  a.    Ascribable.     See  Referriblb. 


Referee,  «.    Arbitrator,  arbiter,  judge,  umpire. 
Reference,  n.      I.    Respect,  regard,  relation,  con- 
cern. 
2.   Allusion,  intimation,  hint. 
Referrible,  a.    Ascribable,  attributable,  assignable, 

imputable,  referable,  to  be  referred. 
Refine,  v.  a.     I.    Purify,  clarify,  fine,  defecate. 

2.   Cultivate,  polish,  make  elegant. 
Refine,  v.  n.     I.    Become  pure,  be  clarified. 

2.  Improve,  make  improvement. 

3.  Be  over-nice,  affect  nicety,  split  hairs,  make 
useless  distinctions. 

Refined,  a.     I.   Purified,  clarified. 

2.  Accomplished,  cultivated,  polished,  elegant, 

fenteel,  stylish,   courtly,   polite,   civilized,  well- 
red,  fine,  finished. 

3.  Classic,  classical,  pure,  chaste,  Attic,  deli- 
cate, nice,  exquisite. 

Refinement,  «.  I.  Clarification,  purification,  fil- 
tration, defecation,  sublimation. 

2.   Improvement. 
_  3.   Elegance,  polish,  purity,  delicacy,   cultiva- 
tion,   civility,    civilization,    culture,    politeness, 
gentility,   good-breeding. 

4.  Subtiity,  nicety,  fineness,  delicacy. 

5.  Subtiity,  finesse,  sophistry,  artifice,  nicety. 
Refit,  V.  a.     Repair,  fit  anew,  restore. 
Reflect,  V.  a.     Mirror,  throw  back. 

Reflect,  V.   n.     I.   Think,   cogitate,  muse,  medi- 
tate, deliberate,  ponder,  consider,   contemplate, 
ruminate. 
2.    Bring  reproach,  cast  reproach. 
Reflecting,  a.     I.   That  reflects. 

2.   Thoughtful,  considerate,  reflective,  given  to 
reflection,  meditative,  provident. 
Reflection, «.     I.    Reflecting. 

2.  Reflected  image. 

3.  Thought,  meditation,  cogitation,  delibera- 
tion, contempjlation,  rumination,  consideration, 
musing,  thinking. 

4.  Thought,  opinion,  result  of  reflection. 

5.  Censure,  reproach. 
Reflective,  a.     I.   Reflecting,  reflexive. 

2.  Thoughtful,  musing,  deliberating,  ponder- 
ing, cogitating,  reasoning. 

Reflector,  n.     Mirror,  speculum. 

Reflex,  a.     I.   Retroactive,  introspective,  reflec- 
tive. 
2.   (Bot.)    Reflected,  bent  back,  reflexed. 

Reflexive,  a.     Reflective. 

Refluence,  «.  Reflux,  ebb,  regurgitation,  return, 
flowing  back. 

Refluent,  a.     Ebbing,  flowing  back. 

Reflux, «.     Ebb.     See  Refluence. 

Reform,  v.  a.     I.   Correct,  amend,  mend,  emend, 
ameliorate,   meliorate,   better,   improve,    rectify, 
repair,  restore,  reclaim. 
2.   Remodel,  form  anew. 

Reform,  v.  n.     Amend,  become  better. 

Reform,  «.  Reformation,  amendment,  rectifica- 
tion, correction. 

Reformation,  «.  Reform,  amendment,  correction, 
rectification,  act  of  reforming. 

Refract,  v.  a.  Deflect  Ways),  deviate,  turn  from 
a  straight  course. 

Refracting,  a.    Deflecting,  refractive. 

Refraction,  «.     Deflection  {ofrays)^  deviation. 

Refractive,  a.    Refracting. 

Refractory,  a.  Stubborn,  obstinate,  stiff,  per- 
verse, dogged,  mulish,  heady,  headstrong,  cross- 
grained,  intractable,  unyielding,  contumacious, 
disobedient,  unruly,  ungovernable,  cantankerous, 
unmanageable,  recalcitrant. 

Refrain,  v.  a.  Restrain,  withhold,  keep  back, 
curb,  govern. 


REFRAIN 


34T 


REGRESSIVELY 


Refrain*  v.  n.    Abstain,  forbear,  withhold,  hold 

one's  self  back. 
RefralUt  «•     Burden  {of  a  song). 
Refrangibility,  «•     Refrangibleness. 
RefrangiUeneSS,  «.     Refrangibility. 
Refresb,  v.  a.     I.    Invigorate,  reanimate,  revive, 

relieve,  recruit,  recreate,  enliven,  freshen,  cheer, 

reinvigorate,  give  fresh  vigor  to. 
2.   Repair,  restore,  renew,  retouch,  renovate, 

freshen  up.  ... 

RefresMne,   a.      Reviving,  invigorating,  cooling, 

reanimating,  grateful,  pleasant,  comfortable. 
Refreshment, »     I.   Relief,  invigoratiou,  new  life, 

restoration. 

2.  Food,  nourishment. 

3.  Regalement,  entertainment,  repast. 
Refrigerant,  «.     Refrigerative,  cooling  medicine. 
Refrigerate,  v  a.    Cool,  chill,  make  cool,  reduce 

the  heat  of,  refresh. 

Refrigeration, «.    Cooling. 

Refrigerative,  a.  Cooling,  refngeratory,  refrig- 
erant. 

Refrigerative,  «      Refrigerant,  cooling  medicine. 

Refrigeratory,  a.     Cooling,  refrigerative. 

Refuge,  «.     I.   Shelter,  safety,  security,  protection. 

2.  Asylum,  retreat,  sanctuary,  stronghold,  cov- 
ert, hiding-place,  harbor,  place  of  safety,  place  of 

refuge  ,  ., 

3.  Resort,  expedient,  device,  contrivance,  shift. 
Refulgence,  j  «.  Brightness,  brilliancy,  splendor, 
Refulgency,  \     resplendence,      lustre,     radiance, 

effulgence. 

Refulgent,  a.  Bright,  shining,  brilliant,  splendid, 
resplendent,  lustrous,  radiant,  effulgent. 

Refund,  V.  a.     I.   Repay,   reimburse,  pay  back, 
restore. 
2.   Return,  repay,  restore,  give  back. 

Refusal,  ».     I.   Denial,  negation. 

2.  Option,  pre-emption,  choice  of  accepting  or 
declining. 

Refuse,  v.  a.     I,   Deny,  decline. 

2.  Reject,  repudiate,  exclude,  repel,  rebuff, 
decline. 

Refuse,  «.  Dross,  scum,  dregs,  sediment,  lees, 
draff,  recrement,  rubbish,  trash,  offscum,  off- 
scouring,  scoria,  slag,  offal,  garbage,  waste 
matter. 

Refuse,  a.     Worthless,  waste,  refused,  rejected. 

Refutation,  «.     Confutation,  disproof,  refutal. 

Refute,  V.  a.     I.   Confute,  disprove,  repel. 
2.   Overthrow. 

Regain,  v.  a  Recover,  get  back,  gain  anew,  re- 
trieve, reobtain,  repossess. 

Regal,  a.     Kingly,  royal. 

Regale,  v.  a.     Entertain,  refresh,  gratify,  delight. 

Regale,  v.  «.     Feast,  fare  sumptuously. 

Regale,  «•     Banquet  or  feast,  sumptuous  repast. 

Regalement^  n.  Refreshment,  entertainment,  grat- 
ification. 

Regalia,  «.  />/.  Ensigns  of  royalty,  regal  para- 
phernalia. 

Regality,  «.     Royalty,  sovereignty,  kingship. 

Regally,  ad.     Royally. 

Regard,  v.  a.  I.  Observe,  notice,  mark,  remark, 
watch,  behold,  set  eyes  on,  look  at,  look  upon, 
turn  one's  eyes. 

2.  Heed,  mind,  attend  to,  respect,  pay  atten- 
tion to,  give  heed  to,  care  for. 

3.  Esteem,  value,  respect,  reverence,  honor. 

4.  Consider,  reckon,  account,  deem,  think, 
believe,  hold,  suppose,  imagine,  treat,  look  upon, 
use,  estimate. 

5.  Have  reference  to,  relate  to,  respect. 
Regard,  v.  «.     Consider,  reflect,  care,  bear  in  mind. 
Regard,  «.     I.    Look,  view,  gaze. 

2.  Notice,  consideration,  attention,  heed,  ob- 
servation, observance,  care,  concern. 


3.  Relation,  reference,  respect,  account, 
view. 

4.  Esteem,  affection,  liking,  respect,  consider- 
ation, estimation,  attachment,  reverence,  sym- 
pathy, interest,  concern,  love,  deference,  honor. 

5.  Repute,  esteem,  note,  account,  eminence, 
reputation. 

6.  Matter,  point,  particular,  consideration,  con- 
dition. 

Regardable,  a.  Observable,  remarkable,  worthy 
of  regard. 

Regardful,  a.  Heedful,  mindful,  careful,  watch- 
ful, attentive,  observing,  thoughtful,  considerate. 

Regardfully,  ad.     I.   Attentively,  heedfuliy. 
2.    Respectfully. 

Regarding,  a.  Touching,  concerning,  respecting, 
havin<r  regard  to,  in  reference  to. 

Regardless,  a.  Heedless,  unmindful,  careless, 
negligent,  indifferent,  disregarding,  unconcerned, 
neglectful,  unobservant,  mindless,  inattentive. 

ReglU^lessly,  ad.  Heedlessly,  carelessly,  negli- 
gently. 

Regardlessness,  n.  Heedlessness,  inattention, 
negligence. 

Regarob,  n.  pi.  Commendations,  compliments, 
respects,  remembrances,  good  wishes. 

Regatta,  «.     Boat  race. 

Regency,  «.     Rule,  authority,  government. 

Regenerate,   v.   a.     I.    Reproduce,   revive,  reno- 
vate, generate  anew. 
2.   {Theol.)    Convert,  change,  renew. 

Regenerate,  a.     I.    Reproduced. 

2.  Converted,  regenerated,  renewed  in  spirit, 
bom  again. 

Regenerated,  a.    See  Regenhratb. 
Regeneration,  «.     I.   Reproduction. 

2.   Conversion,  new  birth. 
Regent,  «.     Governor,  ruler,  director,  commander. 
Regent,  a.    Ruling,  governing,  regnant. 
Regent-ship,  «.     Regency. 
Regicide,  «.     I.   Murderer  of  a  king,  king-killer. 

2.   Murder  of  a  king. 
Regime,   «.     [Fr.]     Government,   administration, 

rule,  political  system,  form  of  government. 
Regimen,  n.     I.  Dietetics,  regulation  of  diet 

2.  Diet,  food,  fare. 

3.  Hygiene,  preservation  of  health- 

4.  {Gram.)     Government. 
Regimentals,  n.pl.     Military  uniform. 
Re^on,  n.     I.   Country,  clime,  territory,  division, 

district,  tract,  province,  quarter,  tract,  locality. 

2.    Portion,  part,  space,  neighborhood,  vicinity, 
sphere. 
Register,  n.     I.    Record  {as  of  deeds,  or  of  births 
and  deaths),  list,  chronicle,  roll,  schedule,  cata- 
logue, archive,  annals. 

2.   Registrar,  clerk,  keeper  of  a  record,  reg- 
istrary. 
Register,  v.  a.     I.   Record,  make  a  record  of. 

2.   Enroll,  enter  on  a  list,  chronicle. 
Registrar,  «.     Keeper  of  a  record,  register. 
Registration,  «.     Enrolment,  registry. 
Registry,  n.    I,   Registering,  enrolment,  record- 
ing. 

2.  Registrar's  office. 

3.  Record,  register. 

Regnancy,  «.     Rule,  reign,  predominance. 

Regnant,  a.     I.    Reigning,  regent. 

2.  Ruling,  predominant,  prevalent,  predom- 
inating. 

Regorge,  v.  a.     I.   Devour,  swallow  eagerly. 
2.  Vomit. 

Regress,  «.  Return,  retrocession,  reflux,  retro- 
gression, refluence,  ebb,  retirement,  passage  back, 
retrogradation,  regression. 

Regression,  «.     Return.     SeeRFORRSs. 

R^reasively,  ad.    Backward,  by  return. 


REGRET 


348 


RELEASE 


Regret,  «.     I.  Grief,  sorrow,  trouble,  sorrowful 
longing,  concern,  lamentation. 

2.    Penitence,  compunction,  remorse,   repent- 
ance, contrition,  self-condemnation. 
Regret,  v.  a.    I.  Lament,  grieve  at,  be  sorry  for, 
deplore. 

2.  Repent,  repent  of,  mourn  for,  rue,  bewail, 
bemoan. 
Regular,  a.     I.    Normal,  formal,  according  to  rule. 

2.  Stated,  fixed,  established,  periodical. 

3.  Steady,  constant,  uniform. 

4.  Orderljj,  methodical,  systematic,  just,  uni- 
form, unvarying. 

5.  Thorough,    out-and-out,    perfect,  complete 
{colloq. ). 

Regularity,  «.     I.   Order,  rule,  method,  system, 
uniformity,  even  tenor,  regular  course. 

2.  Punctuality,  regular  recurrence. 

3.  Steadiness,  constancy. 

Regulate,   v.   a.     I,    Methodize,   dispose,   adjust, 
arrange,  order,    systematize,  reduce   to  method, 
adjust  by  rule,  put  in  order,  keep  in  order. 
2.   Direct,  order,    manage,    govern,   conduct, 

guide,  rule- 
Regulation,  n.    I.  Adjustment,   disposition,  dis- 
posure,  disposal,  ordering,  arrangement. 
2.    Rule,  order,  law,  precept. 
Regurgitate,  v.  «.      Flow  back,  be  poured  back. 
Regurgitation,  «.     I.  Flowing  back,  reflux,  re- 
fluence. 
2.   Reabsorption. 
Reliabilitate,  v.  a.     I.    Reinstate  {in  a  former 
right  or  privilege)^  re-establish,  restore,  qualify 
again. 

2.  Re-establish,  restore,  renew,  reinvigorate, 
reinstate,  redintegrate,  renovate,  reconstruct,  re- 
constitute, restore  to  former  vigor  and  splendor. 
Reliabilitation,  «.  I.  Reinstatement  (m  a  former 
right  or  privilege),  restoration,  re-establish- 
ment, reinvestiture. 

2.    Instauration,    restoration    to  former  power 
and    splendor,    renewal,   renovation,  redintegra- 
tion, reconstitution,  revivification,  reinvigoration. 
Rehearsal,  «•      I.    Repetition,  recital. 

2.   Narration,  narrative,    statement,  relation, 
telling,  recounting,  account,  story,  history. 
Rehearse,  v.  a.     I.   Repeat,  recite. 

2.   Narrate,  relate,  recount,  describe,  tell,  por- 
tray,   delineate,    depict,    set  forth,  recapitulate, 
detail,  give  an  account  of. 
Reign,  v.   n-      I.   Rule,  be  king,   exercise    sov- 
ereign authority. 

2.  Prevail,  be  predominant. 

3.  Rule,  govern. 

Reign,  n.  I.  Royalty,  sovereignty,  royal  author- 
ity, supreme  power,  imperial  sway. 

2.  Power,  mfluence,  rule,  sway,  prevalence. 

3.  Realm,  empire,  kingdom,  dominions. 
Reimburse,  v.  a.     I.   Refund,  repay,  pay  back, 

restore,  make  up  anew. 
2.   Indemnify,  requite,  compensate. 

Reimhursement,  «.    Repayment 

Rein,  v.  a.     Check,  restrain,  control,  curb,  bridle, 

hold. 
Reinforce,  v.  a.     See  Re-enforce. 
Reins,  «.  pi.     I.    Kidneys, 

2.  Loins,  lower  part    of    the    back,    lumbar 
region. 

3.  Affections,  passions,  inward  impulses. 
Reinstall,  v.  a.     See  Reinstate. 
Reinstate,  v.  a.     Re-establish,   replace,   reinstall, 

place  in  a  former  state,  rehabilitate,  restore,  re- 
invest with. 

Reinstatement,  «.  Re-establishment,  replace- 
ment, rehabilitation,  restoration. 

Reiterate,  v.  a.  Repeat,  repeat  again,  do  again 
and  again. 


Reiteration,  n.    Repetition. 

Reject,  V.  a.  I.  Exclude,  discard,  eject,  set 
aside,  pass  over,  throw  aside,  cast  oflf,  lay  aside, 
cast  aside,  cast  away,  put  away,  throw  overboard. 

2.  Decline,  refuse,    repudiate,    repel,   rebufif, 
slight,  despise,  disapprove,  renounce. 

3.  Refuse. 
Rejection,  «.     I.    Exclusion. 

2.   Declination,  refusal,  repudiation. 

Rejoice,  v.  a.  Gladden,  exhilarate,  cheer,  gratify, 
please,  delight,  transport,  enrapture,  make  glad, 
enliven. 

Rejoice,  v.  n.  Exult,  triumph,  glory,  joy,  delight, 
be  joyful,  be  gladdened,  be  exhilarated,  be 
pleased,  be  delighted,  take  delight. 

Rejoicing,  «.     Festivity. 

Rejoin,  V.  n.     Answer  {to  a  reply). 

Rejoinder,  «.     Answer  {to  a  reply),  replication. 

Rejuvenate,  v.  a.  Make  young  again,  restore  to 
youth. 

Rejuvenated,  a.     Renascent. 

Relapse,  v.  «.  Fall  back,  return  to  a  former 
state  {especially  a  bad  state),  backslide. 

Relapse,   «.     I.    Falling  back,  return  to  a  former 
state  {especially  a  bad  state),  lapse,  backsliding. 
2.    Falling  back,  return  to  a  former  state. 

Relate,  v.  a.  Tell,  recount,  rehearse,  recite,  nar- 
rate, report,  detail,  describe,  give  an  account  of. 

Related,  a.  I.  Connected,  cognate,  of  the  same 
nature. 

2.  Kindred,  akin,  kin,  allied,  of  the  same  fam- 
ily. 

Relate  to.  Respect,  regard,  concern,  refer  to, 
appertain  to,  belong  to,  pertain  to. 

Relating,  /•  a.  Respecting,  pertaining,  belong- 
ing, relative. 

Relation,  «.  I.  Recital,  narration,  narrative, 
account,  statement,  story,  history,  chronicle,  tale, 
description,  detail,  report,  rehearsal. 

2.  Connection,      relationship,      dependency, 
bearing. 

3.  Reference,  respect,  regard. 

4.  Connection,  relative  position. 

5.  Relationship,  kindred,  family  tie,  connec- 
tion, kinship,  affinity,  consanguinity. 

6.  Kinsman,  relative,  connection. 
Relationship,   n.      I.   Connection,    relation,    de- 
pendence. 

2.   Kindred,    affinity,    consanguinity,    propin- 
quity, kinship. 
Relative,   a.      I.   Referring  {to  something  else), 
not  absolute. 

2.  Respecting,  relating  to,  pertaining  to,   be- 
longing to,  connected  with. 

3.  Particular,  special,  positive,  definite,  perti- 
nent, relevant. 

Relative,  «.     I.   Relation,  kinsman,  connection. 

2.   {Gram.)    Relative  pronoun. 
Relatively,   ad.      With  reference    to    something 

else,  comparatively. 
Relax,  V.  a.     I.     Loosen,  slacken,  loose. 

2.  Weaken,     enfeeble,    debilitate,     enervate, 
unbrace,  prostrate,  unstring. 

3.  Lessen,    diminish,    reduce,    abate,    remit, 
mitigate. 

4.  Unbend,  ease,   divert,   recreate,  entertain, 
amuse. 

Relax,  V.  n.     I.    Become  lax,  unbend. 
2.    Recreate,  unbend,  take  recreation. 

Relaxation,  «.     I.    Loosening,  slackening, 

2.    Rest,    recreation,  ease,   diversion,   amuse- 
ment. 

Relay,  n.  Supply,  relief,  recruitment,  reinforce- 
ment. 

Release,  v.  a.  I.  Liberate,  unloose,  free,  loose, 
disengage,  discharge,  deliver,  exempt,  extricate, 
set  free,  set  at  liberty,  let  loose,  let  out. 


RELEASE 


349 


REMEDILESS 


2.  Quit,  let  go,  give  up,  acquit,  remit,  dis- 
charge, relinquish. 

3.  Free. 

Release,  «.  I*  Liberation,  deliverance,  dis- 
charge, freedom. 

2.  Exemption,  exoneration,  excuse,  dispensa- 
tion, absolution. 

3.  Acquittance,  clearance,  receipt  in  full. 
Relegate,   v.   a.      I.   Transfer,   remove,   consign, 

remand,  despatch. 
2.    Banish,  expatriate,  exile,  transport. 

Relegation,  ».  I.  Removal,  transference,  con- 
signment. 

2.  Banishment,  exile,  deportation,  expatria- 
tion. 

Relent,  v.  «.  Soften  {in  temper)^  grow  lenient  or 
tender,  abate  severity  or  rigor,  yield,  relax, 
comply,  feel  compassion. 

Relentless,  a.  Unrelenting,  unpitying,  unforgiv- 
ing, implacable,  inexorable,  unappeasable,  cruel, 
vindictive,  rancorous,  merciless,  unrnerciful,  un- 
compassionate,  pitiless,  hard,  unyielding,  re- 
morseless. 

Relevant,  a.  Pertinent,  applicable,  fit,  proper, 
apt,  suitable,  appropriate,  apposite,  to  the  pur- 
pose, to  the  pomt. 

Reliability,  «.  \_Modern\  Reliableness,  trust- 
worthiness. 

Reliable,  a.     \_Modern.\    Trustworthy,  trusty. 

Reliableness,  n.    See  Reliability. 

Reliance,  «.     I.   Dependence,  trust,  confidence. 
2.   Hope,  ground  of  trust,  sure  dependence. 

Reliant,  a.     Confident,  trusting,  self-reliant. 

Relics,  «.//.  _  I.  Remains,  remnants,  scraps,  frag- 
ments, leavings,  remainder. 

2.  Corpse,  dead  body,  remains. 

3.  Memorial,  memento,  remembrance,  souve- 
nir, keepsake. 

Relict, «.    Widow. 

Relief,  «.  I.  Succor,  help,  assistance,  aid,  sup- 
port, alleviation,  mitigation,  ease,  comfort. 

2.  Release. 

3.  Redress,  indemnification,  remedy. 

4.  Projection,  prominence,  rilievo. 
Relieve,  v.  a.     I.   Succor,  aid,  help,  assist,  com- 
fort, free. 

2.  Allay,  mitigate,  assuage,  soothe,  lessen, 
palliate,  ease,  remedy,  cure,  remove,  alleviate, 
abate,  lighten,  diminish. 

3.  Redress,  indemnify,  right. 

4.  Release,  remedy. 

5.  Put  in  relief,  set  off  by  contrast. 

6.  Assist,  help,  support,  sustain. 

Relight,   V.  a.      Rekindle,    reillumine,  relumine, 

relume,  light  again,  light  anew, 
ReU^on,  n.     I.   Science  of  duty  f/o  G^rf  ««</ <w<r 

/ellows)s   science  of  obligation   {as  creatures  of 

God),  that  which  binds  us    to    the  practice   oi' 

righteousness. 

2.  Sentiment  of  faith,  reverence,  and  love 
towards  God;  godliness,  devoutness,  devotion, 
holiness,  sanctity,  piety,  virtue,  goodness,  practi- 
cal piety. 

3.  System  of  faith,  system  of  worship. 
Religions,  a.     I.  Devout,  holy,  godly,  pious,  de- 
votional. 

2.  Conscientious,  scrupulous,  exact,  strict,  rigid. 
Religiously,  ad.     l.    Piously,  devoutly. 

2.    Reyerently. 

3o   Strictly,       conscientiously,      scrupulously, 
punctiliously,  exactly. 
Relinquish,  v.  a.    I.    Leave,  quit,  forsake,  desert, 
renounce,  forswear,  abandon,  cast  off,  give  over, 
withdraw  from, 

2.  Surrender,  cede,  yield,  resign,  renounce, 
forbear,  abdicate,  forego,  deliver  up,  give  up, 
part  with;  lay  down,  lay  aside,  waive. 


3.  Resign,  renounce  a  claim  to. 
Relinquishment,   n.      I.   Abandonment,  derelic- 
tion, desertion,  abjuration. 

2.   Renunciation,   surrender,  cession,  resigna- 
tion, abandonment. 
Reliquia,  n.  pi.     Fossil  remains, 
Reli^,  n.     I.   Taste,  flavor,  savor, 

2.  Liking,  fondness,  taste,  appreciation,  rest, 
gusto,  palate,  appetite,  predilection,  partiality, 
inclination. 

3.  Quality,  tinge,  cast,  touch,  twang,  manner, 
flavor,  savor,  sort, 

4.  Appetizer. 

5.  Delight,  power  of  pleasing. 

6.  Tincture. 

Relish,  V.  a.  I.  Like  the  taste  or  flavor  of,  taste 
with  pleasure. 

2.  Like,  enjoy,  appreciate,  be  pleased  with, 
take  delight  in,  delight  in,  have  a  liking  for. 

Relish,  V.  n.     I.   Have  a  pleasing  taste,  be  en- 
joyable. 
2.  Smack,  taste,  have  a  flavor. 

Relishable,  a.     Gustable. 

Relishing,  a.     Palatable,  savory,  flavorous. 

Relucent,  a.    I.  Shining,  luminous,  lucent,  bright, 
glittering,  resplendent. 
2.    Bright,  shining,  eminent. 

Reluctance,  ».  Repugnance,  unwillingness,  aver- 
sion, dislike,  disinclination. 

Reluctant,  a.  Unwilling,  loath,  averse,  back- 
ward, disinclined,  indisposed. 

Relume,  ».  a.  Rekindle,  reillumine,  relumine, 
relight,  light  again,  light  anew. 

Rely  on.       )    Trust  in,  depend  oH;  confide  in,  re- 
Rely  Upon.)         pose  upon. 

Remain,  v.  n.  I.  Continue,  endure,  abide,  stay, 
last, 

2.  Be  left,  be  left  behind, 

3.  Stay,  tarry,  sojourn,  dwell,  abide,  continue, 
wait,  rest,  _ 

4.  Continue,  stay,  keep. 

Remainder,  «,     Remnant,  residue,  rest,  remains, 

leavings,  relics,  surplus. 
Remains,    n.   pi.     I.    Relics,    remnants,    scraps, 

fragments,  leavings,  remainder,  refuse,  odds  and 

ends. 

2.  Dead  body,  corpse. 

3.  Productions,  literary  works,  posthumous 
works. 

Remand,  v.  a.     Send  back,  order  back,  call  back. 
Remark,  «.    I.   Notice,  observation,  heed,  regard, 
consideration, 

2.  Comment,  note,  annotation,  stricture,  gloss. 

3.  Assertion,  declaration,  averment,  statement, 
comment,  utterance,  saying. 

Remark,  v.  a.      I.   Note,  notice,  observe,  heed, 
regard,  take  notice  of,  attend  to,  pay  attention 
to, 
2.   Express,  observe  {in  words),  utter,  say. 

Remark,  v.  «,     Say,  observe,  state. 

Remarkable,  a.  Noticeable,  observable,  notable, 
extraordinary,  uncommon,  unusual,  singular, 
strange,  rare,  wonderful,  distinguished,  famous, 
eminent,  conspicuous,  prominent,  striking,  note- 
worthy, peculiar. 

Remarkably,  ad.  Extraordinarily,  uncommonly, 
singiiiarlv,  surprisingly. 

Remediable,  «.  Curable,  retrievable,  reparable, 
rectifiable,  to  be  cured,  to  be  remedied. 

Remedial,  a.  Curing,  healing,  sanatory,  sanative, 
corrective. 

Remediless,  a.  I.  Incurable,  irremediable,  cure- 
less, desperate,  hopeless,  past  cure. 

2.  Irreparable,  irretrievable,  irreclaimable, 
irrecoverable,  irreversible,  hopeless,  past  mend- 
ing, past  hope. 

3.  Ineffectual,  powerless,  incapable. 


REMEDY 


850 


RENDITION 


Remedy^  «•  I.  Cure,  antidote,  specific,  restora- 
tive, help,  medicine,  corrective,  counteractive. 

2.  Reparation,  redress,  restoration,  restitution, 
counteraction. 

3.  Relief,  aid,  help,  assistance. 
Remedy,  v.  a.     I.   Cure,  heal,  help. 

2.    Repair,  redress,  restore. 
Remember,   v.  a.     I.   Recall,  recollect,    call   to 
mind,  call  up,  call  to  remembrance,  have  at  one's 
fingers'  ends,  know  by  heart. 

2.    Retain,  bear  in  mind,  keep  in  mind,  bear  in 
memory,  preserve  the  memory  of,  treasure  in  the 
memory,  tax  the  memory  with. 
Remembrance,  «.    I.  Reminiscence,  recollection, 
calling  to  mind,  revival  in  the  mind. 

2.  Memory. 

3.  Memento,  memorial,  remembrancer,  token, 
keepsake,  souvenir. 

4.  Monument,  memorial. 

5.  Thought,  regard,  consideration. 
Remembrancer,  n.     Token,  memorial,  memento, 

remembrance,    testimonial,    monument,    record, 
souvenir. 

Remiform,  a.     Oar-shaped. 

Remind,  v.  a.  Suggest  to,  put  in  mind,  jog  the 
memory  of,  put  in  remembrance. 

Reminiscence,  n.  Remembrance,  recollection, 
calling  to  mind,  memory. 

Remise,  «.     {Law.)     Surrender,  release. 

Remise,  v.  a.  (Law.)  Surrender,  release,  grant 
back. 

Remiss,  a.  I.  Slack,  dilatory,  slow,  backward, 
behindhand,  tardy,  lax,  languid. 

2.  Inattentive,  negligent,  careless,  thoughtless, 
heedless,  neglectful,  lax,  slothtul,  slack,  slow, 
dilatory. 

Remissful,  a.  Lenient,  clement,  gracious,  for- 
giving. 

Remissible,  a.     Excusable,  venial,  pardonable. 

Remission,  n.  I.  Relaxation,  moderation,  miti- 
gation, lessening,  abatement,  diminution. 

2.  Release,  relinquishment,  discharge. 

3.  Intermission,  suspension,  interruption,  sus- 
pense, stop,  stoppage,  respite,  pause,  rest,  abate- 
ment. 

4.  Forgiveness,  absolution,  pardon,  indulgence, 
acquittal,  discharge,  exoneration,  excuse. 

5.  Release,  relinquishment,  surrender,  renun- 
ciation. 

Remit,  v.  a.  I.  Return,  restore,  replace,  send 
back. 

2.  Relax,  diminish,  abate,  bate. 

3.  Release. 

4.  Forgive,  pardon,  absolve,  excuse,  overlook, 
pass  over. 

5.  Resign,  surrender,  give  up,  deliver  up,  re- 
linquish. 

6.  Refer. 

7.  Transmit,  forward,  send. 

Remit,  v.  n.  Slacken,  abate,  lessen,  diminish, 
decrease,  grow  less,  intermit. 

Remittal,  «.     I.    Surrender,  giving  up. 
2.   Remission,  remittance. 

Remnant,   «.     I.   Residue,    remainder,   remains, 
rest. 
2.   Scrap,  fragment,  piece,  little  bit. 

Remonstrance,  n.     Expostulation,  protestation. 

Remonstrant,  a.    Expostulatory. 

Remonstrate,  v.  n.  Protest,  expostulate,  make 
objections  to,  take  exception. 

Remorse,  «.  Penitence,  compunction,  contrition, 
repentance,  sorrow,  regret,  self-reproach,  re- 
proach of  conscience,  stings  of  conscience,  self- 
condemnation. 

Remorseful,  a.  Compunctious,  contrite,  repent- 
ant, penitent,  sorrowful. 

Remorseless,  a,    Unpitying,    pitiless,    relentless, 


unrelenting,    uncompassionate,    cruel,     ruthless, 
merciless,   unmerciful,    savage,    implacable,    in- 
exorable. 
Remote,  a.     I.    Far,  distant,  far  off. 

2.  Alien,  foreign,  unallied,  unconnected,  un- 
related. 

3.  Abstracted,  separated. 

4.  Slight,  inconsiderable. 

5.  Secluded,  sequestered,  removed. 
Remotely,  ad.     I.   Distantly,  slightly. 

2.   Slightly. 
Remoteness,  n.    I.  Distance. 

2.   Slightness,  distance. 
Remount,  v.  a.     Reascend. 

Removal,  «.     I.  Displacement,  remove,  dislodge- 
ment,  transference,  relegation,  change  of  place. 

2.  Withdrawal,  elimination,  extraction,  taking 
away. 

3.  Destruction,  suppression,  abatement. 

4.  Dismission,  ejection,  deprivation  of  office. 
Remove,   v.  a.     I.   Displace,  dislodge,   transfer, 

transport,  transplant,  carry. 

2.  Withdraw,  extract,  abstract,  take  out. 

3.  Banish,  destroy,  abate,  suppress,  take 
away,  put  an  end  to,  do  away  with,  make  a  clean 
sweep  of. 

4.  Separate,  withdraw,  take  away,  carry  off. 

5.  Dismiss,  eject,  oust,  put  out,  turn  out. 
Remove,  v.  «.     Move,  change  place. 

Remove,     «.      I,    Change    of    place.     See   Re- 
moval. 

2.  Interval,  distance,  separation,  stage,  step. 

3.  Step  (m  a  scale  of  gradation). 
Removed,  a.     Secluded,  sequestered,  remote,  sepa- 
rate. 

Remunerate,    v    a.     I.   Reward,    requite,    com- 
pensate, pay,  recompense,  satisfy,  repay. 
2.   Reimburse,  repay,  pay,  indemnify. 

Remuneration,  «.     I.   Reward,   requital,  recom- 
pense, compensation,  repayment,  satisfaction. 

2.  Reparation,  amends,  recompense,  restitu- 
tion, compensation. 

3.  Reimbursement,  indemnification,  repay- 
ment, indemnity. 

Remunerative,/!.     I.   Profitable,  paying, gainful, 
paying  a  good  interest,  bringing  a  good  return. 

2.  Remuneratory,  rewarding,  requiting,  re- 
compensing. 

Renaissance,  )  «.     Revival,  revival  of  letters  and 

Renascence,  j     arts. 

Renard,  «.     Reynard,  fox. 

Renascent,  a.     I.   Reappearing,  reproduced. 

2.   Rejuvenated. 
Rencounter,  «.     I.    Clash,  shock,  collision. 

2.  Encounter,  conflict,  combat,  fight,  battle, 
engagement,  action,  skirmish,  brush,  affair. 

3.  Meeting. 

Rencounter,  y.  n.     Encounter,    clash,   skirmish, 

fight,  come  into  collision. 
Rend,  v.  a.     I.    Break,   sever,  dissever,    sunder, 

rive,  rupture,  shiver,  cleave,  split,  crack,   snap, 

burst,    fracture,    lacerate,    dilacerate,   tear,   tear 

asunder,  break  asunder. 
2.    Tear  away,  part  with  violence. 
Render,  v.  a.     I.  Return,  restore,  pay  back. 

2.  Give,  assign,  present. 

3.  Furnish,  contribute,  supply,  afford. 

4.  Make,  cause  to  be. 

5.  Translate,  construe,  interpret,  set  forth. 
Rendering,  «.     I.   Translation,  version,  construc- 
tion, interpretation,  rendition. 

2.   Interpretation,    delineation,    reproduction, 
representation,  exhibition. 
Rendezvous,  «.     I.   Place  of  meeting. 

2j   Meeting. 
Rendition,  «.     I.    Return,  restitution,  surrender. 

2.  Translation,  rendering,  version. 


RENEGADE 


351 


REPLY 


3.   Rendering,  interpretation,  delineation,  re- 
production, representation,  exhibition. 
Renegade,  n.     I.  Apostate,  backslider,  renegado, 
recreant,  turncoat. 

2.  Deserter,  revolter,  rebel,  traitor. 

3.  Vagabond,  worthless  fellow. 

Renew,  v.  a.  l.  Renovate,  restore,  re-establish, 
repair,  refit,  rebuild,  revive,  recreate,  make  new, 
rejuvenate,  refresh. 

2.  Repeat,  recommence,  begin  again. 

3.  Repeat,  iterate,  reiterate. 

4.  Regenerate,  transform. 

Renewal,   «.     I.    Renovation,   restoration,   re-es- 
tablishment, repair. 
2.    Repetition,  recommencement. 

Reniform,  a.  (Bot.)  Kidney-shaped,  kidney- 
form. 

Renitency,  n.  I.  Resistance  {of  solid  bodies  to 
pressure),  opposition,  antagonism. 

2.   Reluctance,  moraJ  resistance,  disinclination. 

Renitent,  a.  Resistinjj  {pressure),  opposing, 
counteracting,  antagonistic,  resistant. 

Renounce,  v.  a.  I.  Reject,  repudiate,  disclaim, 
disown,  disavow,  recant,  deny,  decline,  slight, 
abnegate,  neglect,  cast  off,  trample  on. 

2.  Relinquish,  abandon,  forego,  resign,  ab- 
jure, desert,  forsake,  forswear,  leave,  quit,  abdi- 
cate, drop,  lay  down,  lay  aside,  give  up,  cast  off, 
give  over,  drop  all  idea  of. 

Renouncement,  n.     Renunciation. 

Renovate,  v.  a.  I.  Renew,  restore,  reconstitute, 
re-establish. 

2.  Reproduce,  regenerate,  revivify,  recreate, 
reanimate,  revive,  resuscitate. 

Renovation, «.  I.  Renewal,  restoration,  recon- 
stitution. 

2.  Revival,  revivification,  regeneration,  repro- 
duction, restoration,  reconstitution,  redintegra- 
tion, rehabilitation. 

Renown,  n.  Distinction, repute,  name,  reputation, 
note,  notoriety,  notability,  figure,  fame,  celebrity, 
glory,  honor,  eminence,  lustre. 

Renowned,  a.  Distinguished,  famous,  famed, 
celebrated,  eminent,  illustrious,  noted,  honored, 
far-famed,  remarkable,  wonderful. 

Rent,  «.  I.  Break,  breach,  separation,  fissure, 
crack,  crevice,  rift,  cleft,  gap,  opening,  flaw,  rup- 
ture, disrupture,  disruption,  fracture,  laceration, 
dilaceration,  divulsion,  tear,  solution  of  continuity. 

2.  Schism,  separation. 

3.  Income,  revenue  (from  land  or  tenements). 
Rent,  V.  a.     I.   Lease,  let,  hire. 

2.    Hold  by  paying  rent,  lease,  hire. 

Rent,  V.  n.     Be  leased,  be  let. 

Rental,  «.     Rent-roll,  account  of  rents. 

Renter,  «.     Lessee,  tenant. 

Renter,  v.  a.     Fine-draw. 

Rent-roll,  «.     Rental,  account  of  rents.  ^ 

Renomerate,  v.  a.     Recount,  count  again. 

Rennnciation,  n.  I.  Rejection,  repudiation,  ab- 
negation, abjuration,  disowning,  disownment, 
disavowal,  disavowment,  disclaimer,  recantation, 
denial,  renouncement. 

_  2.   Surrender,  cession,  abandonment,  resigna- 
tion, relinquishment. 

Reometer,  «.  [Also  spelled  Rheometer.]  Galva- 
nometer, galvanoscope. 

Repair,  v.  a.  I.  Mend,  refit,  retouch,  vamp, 
tinker,  piece,  patch,  touch  up,  vamp  up,  patch 
up.  renew,  amend. 

2.  Retrieve,  restore,  make  good,  recniit 

3.  Redress,  atone  for,  make  amends  for. 
Repair,  v.  n.     Go,  resort,  betake  one's  self. 
Repldr,  n.     Restoration,   reparation,  renewal,  re- 
fitting, mending. 

Reparable,  a.  Retrievable,  restorable,  recover- 
able, curable. 


Reparation,  n.     I.   Restoration,  renewal,  repair. 
2.   Redress,  indemnification,    amends,   atone- 
ment, restitution,  compensation,  satistaction. 

Reparative,  a.  Restoring,  restorative,  reviving, 
amending. 

Reparative,  «.  Cure,  remedy,  medicine,  restora- 
tive, corrective. 

Repartee,  n.     Retort,  smart  or  witty  reply. 

Repast,  M.     I.    Food,  victuals. 
2.   Meal,  entertainment. 

Repay,  v.  a.  I.  Refund,  reimburse,  pay  back, 
restore,  return. 

2.  Remunerate,  compensate,  reward,  recom- 
pense, requite,  satisfy. 

3.  Retaliate,  revenge,  avenge. 

Repeal,  v.  a.     Abrogate  (a  law),  rescind,  revoke, 

recall,  reverse,  annul,  cancel,  abolish,  set  aside, 

do  away,  make  void. 
Repeal,    «.     Abrogation,    revocation,    rescission, 

rescinding,  annulment,  abolition. 
Repeat,    v.   a.     I,    Iterate,    reiterate,    do   again, 

make  again. 

2.  Recite,   rehearse,    recapitulate,    tell    over, 
cite,  quote,  say  over,  relate. 

3.  Renew,  reproduce,  echo,  re-echo. 
Repeatedly,  ad.     Again  and  again. 
Repeater,  «.     Revolver. 

Repel,  V.  a.  I.  Repulse,  drive,  beat,  or  force 
back. 

2.  Resist,  oppose,  check,  withstand,  confront, 
parry,  rebuff,  strive  against,  make  a  stand  against. 

3.  Reject,  refuse,  decline. 
Repellent,  a.     Repulsive,  repelling. 

Repent,  v.  a.  Rue,  be  sorry  for,  regret,  remember 
with  sorrow. 

Repent,  v.  n.  Regret,  be  sorry,  be  penitent,  feel 
remorse. 

Repentance,  «.  Penitence,  contrition,  contrite- 
ness,  compunction,  remorse,  regret,  sorrow  for 
wrong-doing,  self-reproach,  self-reproof,  self-ac- 
cusation, self-condemnation,  stings  of  conscience. 

Repentant,  a.     I.   Penitent,  sorry,  sorrowful. 
2.    Penitential. 

Reperctission,  «.     Reverberation,  rebound,  recoiL 

Repercnssive,  a.     I.    Rebounding,  reverberating. 
2.   Driven  back,  reverberated. 

Repertory,  «.     I.    Repository,  depository. 

2.  Treasury,    magazine,   depot,   museum,  re- 
pository, storehouse,  thesaurus. 

Repetition,  «.     I.    Iteration,  reiteration. 

2.  Tautology,  pleonasm,  redundancy,  diffuse- 
ness,  verbosity. 

3.  Recital,  rehearsal,  relation. 

Repine,  v.  n.  Complain,  murmur,  croak,  fret, 
grumble,  be  discontented,  be  dissatisfied. 

Replace,  v.  a.  I.  Reinstate,  re-establish,  put 
back. 

2.  Refund,  repay,  restore,  pay  back. 

3.  Take  the  place  of,  supply  the  want  of,  suc- 
ceed, be  a  substitute  for. 

Replacement,  n.  Re-esublishment,  reinstate- 
ment. 

Replenisll,  v.  a.    I.   Fill,  stock,  fill  up,  refill,  re- 
supply. 
2.   Supply,  furnish,  provide,  store,  enrich. 

Replete,  a.  Full,  abounding,  charged,  exuberant, 
fraught,  well-stocked,  well  provided,  completely 
full,   .lied  again. 

Repletion,  «.     I.  Satiety,  glut,  surfeit,  exuberant 
fulness. 
2.  (Med.)    Plethora. 

Replica,  «.     Autograph  copy,  duplicate. 

Replication,  «.     I,  Answer,  reply,  response. 

2.  Rejoinder. 

3.  Repetition. 

4.  Copy,  portrait. 

Rcpiy»  V.  n.    Answer,  respond,  rejoin. 


REPLY 


352 


REPUBLIC 


Reply^  n.  Answer,  response,  replication,  re- 
joinder. 

Report,  V.  a.  I.  Announce,  annunciate,  declare, 
communicate,  set  forth,  make  known,  give  an 
account  of. 

2.  Relate,  mention,  bruit,  advertise,  publish, 
tell,  promulgate,  give  out,  state,  rumor,  circulate 
publicly. 

3.  Take  down  {in  writing),  make  minutes  of, 
record. 

4.  Relate,  tell,  narrate,  recite,  describe,  detail, 
make  known. 

Report,  n.  I.  Account,  announcement,  state- 
ment, declaration,  communication. 

2.  Rumor,  relation,  account,  narration,  detail, 
description,  recital,  narrative,  story,  tale. 

3.  Rumor^  common  fame,  hearsay. 

4.  Explosion,  noise,  sound,  detonation,  dis- 
charge, repercussion. 

5.  Repute,  reputation,  fame,  public  character. 

6.  Record,  note,  minute,  account,  statement 
(in  writing). 

Repose,  v.  a.  I.  Compose,  rest,  put  to  rest,  lay 
down  to  rest,  give  repose  to,  settle,  recline. 

2.  Place  (in  con^dence)^  put,  stake. 

3.  Lodge,  reposit,  deposit,  lay  up,  store. 
Repose,  v.  n.     I.    Lie,  rest. 

2.  Rest,  sleep,  slumber,  recline,  couch. 

3.  Lean  {in  confidence^  confide,  put  confi- 
dence, rely. 

Repose,  «.  I.  Rest,  sleep,  slumber,  quiet,  recum- 
bency. 

2.  Relaxation,  respite,  breathing-time. 

3.  Ease,  quiet,  quietness,  quietude,  tranquil- 
lity, peace. 

Reposit,  V.  a.  Lodge,  deposit,  place,  store,  lay  up, 
hoard. 

Repository,  «.  Depository,  repertory,  reservatory, 
magazine,  conservatory,  storehouse,  museum, 
treasury,  thesaurus,  depot. 

Reprehend,  v.  a.  Reprove,  chide,  rebuke,  re- 
proach, upbraid,  reprimand,  accuse,  censure, 
blame. 

Reprehensible,  a.  Blamable,  culpable,  censurable, 
reprovable,  rebukable,  deserving  censure,  worthy 
of  blame. 

Reprehension,  «.  Reproof,  blame,  censure,  re- 
proach, reprimand,  rebuke,  admonition. 

Represent,  z'.  a.     I.   Exhibit,  show. 

2.  Delineate,  depict,  portray,  set  forth,  de- 
scribe, exhibit,  give  an  account  of,  show. 

3.  Personate,  take  the  part  of,  portray  by 
action. 

4.  Stand  for,  .stand  in  the  place  of. 

5.  Delineate,  portray,  reproduce,  depict,  image. 
Representation,    «.      I.    Exhibition,    delineation, 

show. 

2.  Personation,  simulation. 

3.  Description,  account,  narration,  relation, 
narrative,  statement. 

4.  Likeness,  semblance,  image,  portraiture, 
model,  resemblance. 

5.  Acting  for  others,  supplying  another's  place. 

6.  Body  of  delegates  or  deputies. 

7.  Spectacle,  sight,  public  exhibition. 

8.  Remonstrance,  expostulation. 
Representative,  a.     I.    Figurative,  typical,  sym- 
bolical. 

2.    Delegated,  acting  for  others. 

Representative,  «.  Delep;ate,  deputy,  substitute, 
agent,  proxy,  locum  tenens,  lieutenant,  vice- 
gerent. 

Repress,  v.  a.  I.  Suppress,  subdue,  crush,  quell, 
overpower,  overcome,  put  down,  smother. 

2.  Restrain,  check,  curb,  bridle,  control, 
chasten,   rein   in,   sober  down. 

3.  Calm,  quiet,  appease. 


Repression,  n.     I.   Suppression. 
2.   Check,  restraint. 

Reprieve,  v.  a.  ^  I.   Respite,  delay  the  punishment 
of,  give  a  respite  to. 
2.   Relieve. 

Reprieve,  »»    I.   Respite,  suspension  of  punish- 
ment. 
2.   Respite,  interval  of  ease. 

Reprimand,  v.  a.  Reprove,  censure,  rebuke,  rep- 
rehend, reproach,  chide,  upbraid,  blame,  admon- 
ish, find  fault  with. 

Reprimand,  «.  Reproof,  reprehension,  censure, 
rebuke,  reproach,  blame,  admonition,  reproba- 
tion, reproval. 

Reprint,  «.     Reimpression,  republication. 

Reproach,  v.  a.  I.  Censure,  blame,  reprove,  re- 
buke, reprimand,  reprehend,  upbraid. 

2.  Revile,  vilify,  defame,  asperse,  condemn, 
abuse,  speak  ill  of,  accuse,  discredit,  disparage, 
traduce. 

Reproach,  «.  I.  Censure,  reproof,  disapproba- 
tion, disapproval,  blame,  invective,  upbraiding, 
condemnation,  reprobation,  remonstrance,  repre- 
hension, expostulation,  rebuke,  reprimand,  rail- 
ing, contumely,  reviling,  abuse,  vilification,  scur- 
rility, insolence,  scorn,  contempt. 

2.  Dishonor,  disgrace,  shame,  disrepute,  oblo- 
quy, opprobrium,  odium,  scandal,  ignominy,  in- 
famy, abasement,  indignity,  insult. 

3.  Dishonor,  disgrace,  shame,  discredit,  scorn, 
scandal,  offence. 

Reproachable,  a.  Censurable,  reprehensible, 
blamable. 

Reproachful,  a.  I.  Opprobrious,  scurrilous, 
abusive,  railing,  scolding,  upbraiding,  vitupera- 
tive, condemnatory,  censorious,  damnatory,  in- 
vective, contumelious,  offensive,  sarcastic,  msult- 
ing,  contemptuous,  scornful,  insolent. 

2.  Shameful,  infamous,  base,  vile,  disreputable, 
discreditable,  dishonorable,  disgraceful,  scan- 
dalous. 

Reproachfully,     ad.     I.  Upbraidingly,    oppro- 
briously. 
2.    Shamefully,  disgracefully,  contemptuously. 

Reprobate,  a.  Depraved,  .bandoned,  profligate, 
corrupt,  hardened,  lost,  graceless,  base,  shame- 
less, wicked,  vile,  vitiated,  irredeemable,  cast- 
away. 

Reprobate,  n.  Villain,  castaway,  outcast,  mis- 
creant, caitiff,  vile  wretch. 

Reprobate,  v.  a.  I.  Disapprove,  reject,  discard, 
condemn,  censure,  reprehend. 

2.  Disallow. 

3.  Disown,  abandon. 
Reprobateness,  n.     Wickedness,  depravity. 
Reprobation,     n.      Condemnation,    censure,    re- 
jection. 

Reproduce,  v.  a.    I.   Generate,  propagate. 
2.   Copy,  imitate,  represent. 

Reproducnon,  n.     I.   Generation,  propagation. 
2.    Copy,  imitation,  representation. 

Reproof,  «.  Censure,  condemnation,  rebuke,  ad- 
monition, chiding,  reprimand,  reprehension,  re- 
proach, animadversion,  blame,  reproval. 

Reprovable,  a.  Censurable,  blamable,  blame- 
worthy, reproachable,  culpable,  reprehensible, 
deserving  censure,  worthy  of  blame,  rebukable. 

Reproval,  n.  Reproof,  admonition,  chiding,  repre- 
hension. 

Reprove,  v.  a.  Censure,  lecture,  blame,  repre- 
hend, condemn,  reprimand,  chide,  rebuke,  up- 
braid, admonish,  find  fault  with,  remonstrate 
with,  expostulate  with. 

Reptile,  a.     I.   Creeping,  crawling. 

2.   Grovelling,  mean,  vile,  low,  vnlcrar. 

Republic,  n.  Commonwealth,  democracy,  popular 
government,  representative  government. 


REPUBLICATION 


353 


RESIGN 


Repabllcatlon,  h.     Reprint,  reimpression. 
Repudiate,    v.   a.     I.    Discard,   reject,  renounce, 
cast  off,  disclaim,  abjure,  disavow. 

2.  Divorce,  put  away. 

3.  [Modern.]  Disown  {deiis)^  disclaim,  refuse 
to  pay,  refuse  to  acknowledge. 

Repudiation,  w.     I.  Rejection. 

2.  Divorce,  putting  away. 

3.  Disavowal,  disowning,  disclaiming. 
Repugnance,    n.      I.   Contrariety,    inconsistency, 

incompatibility,     irreconcilableness,     unsuitable- 
ness. 

2.  Opposition,  resistance,  struggle,  contest. 

3.  Unwillingness,  aversion,  hatred,  reluctance, 
dislike,  antipatny,  hostility. 

Repugnant,  a.     I.    Inconsistent,  irreconcilable,  in- 
compatible. 

2.  Opposed,  opposite,  contrary,  hostile,  ad- 
Terse,  averse,  unfavorable,  antagonistic  inimical, 
at  variance. 

3.  Offensive,  distasteful. 

Repulse,  «.     I.  Repelling,  driving  bade,  repulsion. 

2.  Refusal,  denial. 

3.  Failure,  disappointment. 

Repnlse,  v.  a.     I.  Repel,  beat  back,  drive  back. 

2.    Refuse,  reject. 
Repulsion,  n.     Repulse. 
Repulsive,  a.     I.    Repelling,  repellent. 

2.  Cold,  reserved,  repellent,  forbidding,  un- 
pleasant, disagreeable,  offensive,  odious,  hateful, 

disgusting,     loathsome,     nauseating,     nauseous, 

sickening,  revolting. 
Reputable,  a.     Respectable,  creditable,  honorable, 

estimable. 
Reputation,    n.     I.    Repute,    name,     character, 

tame. 
2.   Credit,  repute,  regard,  estimation,  esteem, 

renown,  honor,  fame,  celebrity. 
Repute,  V.  a     Regard,  consider,  esteem,  estimate, 

account,  reckon,  hold,  deem. 
Repute,  n.     I.    Estimate,  opinion,  consideration. 

2.    Reputation,  character,  name. 
Request,   «.      I.  Petition,  prayer,   entreaty,  suit, 

solicitation,  supplication,  asking. 
2.   Demand. 
Request,  v.  a.     Solicit,  ask,  entreat,  beg,  desire, 

beseech,  beg  for,  petition  for,  ask  for. 
Require,  v.   a.     I.   Demand,  ask,   claim,   exact, 

insist  upon. 

2.  Ask,  request,  beg,  beseech. 

3.  Ask,  order,  call  on,  request,  enjoin,  direct. 

4.  Need,  want,  call  for,  demand,  make  ne- 
cessary. 

5.  Enjoin,  prescribe,  direct,  order. 
Requirement,  «.     I.  Demand,  claim,  requisition. 

2.   Command,  mandate,  order,  precept,  injunc- 
tion, charge,  claim. 
Requisite,  a.     Needful,  needed,  necessary,  essen- 
tial, indispensable. 
Requisition,  «      I.   Demand,  claim,  exaction,  re- 
quirement, call- 
2.   Request,  demand. 
Re^LUital,  «      I.   Reward,  recompense,  compensa- 
tion, remuneration,  satisfaction,  p.-iynient. 
2.    Retribution,  retaliation,  punishment. 
Requite,  v.  a.     I.    Reward,  recompense,  compen- 
sate, remunerate,  reciprocate,  satisfy,  pay,  repay. 
2,    Retaliate,  avenge,  punish,  revenge. 
Rescind,  v.  a.     I.   Cut  oft,  cut  short,  remove. 

2.    Annul,   abrogate,   abolish,   revoke,    recall, 
repeal,  cancel,  reverse,  countermand,  quash,  set 
aside,  do  away,  vacate,  void. 
Resclndment,  «.    See  Rbscission. 
Rescission,  «,      Rescindment,  abrocatjon,  repeal, 

revocation,  annulling,  cancelling,  abolition. 
Rescript,  «.     Edict,  decree,  mandate. 
Rsscue,  V    a.     Liberate,  tree,  deliver,  save,  re- 


deem, extricate,  release,  ransom,  set  free,  bring 
off,  retake,  recapture,  preserve,  recover. 

Rescue,  «.  Liberation,  release,  redemption,  ran- 
som, salvation,  deliverance,  extrication. 

Researcb,  «.  Investigation,  inquiry,  scrutiny, 
examination,  exploration,  study,  careful  search. 

Resemblance,  n.  I.  Similarity,  likeness,  simili- 
tude, semblance,  analogy. 

2.    Representation,   image,    counterpart,    fac- 
simile, likeness,  similitude. 

Resemble,  v.  a.  I.  lie  like,  bear  likeness  or 
resemblance  to. 

2.  Liken,  compare. 

3.  Imitate,  counterfeit. 

Resent,  v.  a.  Take  ill,  take  amiss,  take  offence  at, 
take  umbrage  at,  be  offended  at,  be  indignant  at, 
be  provoked  at. 

Resent,  ».  «.  Be  angry,  take  offence,  take  um- 
brage, harbor  resentment,  be  indignant. 

Resentful,  a.  Angry,  irritable,  irascible,  choleric, 
revengeful,  malignant. 

Resentment,  «.  Indignation,  an^er,  irritation, 
vexation,  gall,  rage,  fury,  choler,  ire,  wrath,  dis- 
pleasure, grudge,  neart-burning. 

Reservation,  «.  I.  Concealment,  suppression, 
reserve. 

2.  Reserve,    something  reserved,    restriction, 
exception,  saving. 

3.  Salvo,  proviso. 

4.  Custody. 

Reserve,  v.  a.  I.  Keep,  hold,  retain,  husband, 
set  by,  lay  by,  lay  up,  store  up,  withhold. 

2.  Except,  make  an  e.xception  of. 
Reserve,  «.     I.   Reservation,  something  reserved. 

^  2.  Constraint,  restraint,  backwardness,  cau- 
tious behavior,  coldness,  closeness,  reservedness, 
retention,  uncommunicativeness,  reticence. 

3.  Exception,  something  excepted 

4.  Reservation,  restriction. 

5.  Shyness,  coyness,  taciturnity,  modesty,  de- 
mureness. 

Reserved,  a.  I.  Retained,  kept,  withheld, 
excepted. 

2.  Restrained,  backward,   cautious,   cold,  in- 
communicative, unsociable,  unsocial,  distant 

3.  Shy,  coy,  taciturn,  modest,  demure. 
Reservedness,  «.     Shyness,  reserve,  closeness. 
Reservoir,  n.     I.    Basin,  cistern,  tank,  pond. 

2.   Receiver,  receptacle. 
Reside,   V.    n. ^     I.     Dwell,   inhabit,    live,    abide, 
remain,  domiciliate,  domicile,  sojourn. 
2.    Inhere. 
Residence,  n.      I.   Habitancy,  inhabitancy,  legal 
settlement,  domiciliation,  stay,  sojourn,  abode. 

2.    Habitation,  dwelling,  domicile,  abode,  man- 
sion, house,  place  of  abode,  place  of  residence, 
home. 
Resident;    a.       I.    Abiding,    dwelling,    residing, 
inhabiting. 
2.    Fixed,  firm. 
Resident,  n.     I.  Inhabitant,  dweller,  resider,  m- 
habiter,  sojourner. 
2.   Tenant,  occupant,  dweller. 
Resider,  «.     See  Resident. 
Residual,  a.     Remaining. 

Residue,  n.  I.  Remainder,  rest,  remnant,  resid- 
uum. 

2.    {Lenv.)     Surplus  (of  a  testator's  estate), 
excess,  overplus. 
Residuum,  n.     I.   Residue,  remainder. 

2.  Surplus. 

3.  Rabble,  dregs  of  society,  scum  of  society. 
Resign,   v.   a.      I.     Yield,  surrender,   relinquish, 

forego,  abandon,  quit,  forsake,  abdicate,  leave, 
give  up,  assign  back,  give  back. 

2.  Withdraw,  give  up,  renounce. 

3.  Yield,  submit,  give  up,  confide. 


23 


RESIGN 


354 


REST 


4.  Yield,  commit,  submit. 

Resign,  v.  n.     Abdicate,  relinquish  office. 

Kesignation,  «.      I.     Surrender,   relinquishment, 
abandonment,  renunciation,  abdication. 

2.  Endurance  (ivith  a  submissive,  religious 
spirit),  submission,  acquiescence,  compliance, 
patience,  sufferance,  forbearance,  fortitude,  long 
sufferance,  long-suffering. 

Resignedt  a.     I.   Surrendered,  given  up. 

2.  Submissive,  unresisting,  complying,  yield 
ing,  uncomplaining,  patient,  humble,  meek 
lowly. 

Resiliency,  «.     Rebounding. 

Resilient,  a.  Rebounding,  recoiling,  elastic; 
springy. 

Resin,  «.    See  Rosin. 

Resist,  V.  a.  I,  Oppose,  withstand,  impugn,  con 
front,  assail,  attack,  strive  against,  counteract 
rebuff,  stand  against. 

2.  Withstand,  hinder,  check,  thwart,  baffie 
disappoint. 

Resistance,  «.     I.   Opposition. 
2.   Rebuff,  check,  hindrance. 

Resistless,  a.     Irresistible. 

Resolute,  a.     I.   Determined. 

2.  Firm,  determined,  steady,  decided,  resolved, 
stanch,  steadfast,  fixed,  constant,  persevering, 
pertinacious,  unflinching,  unwavering,  inflexible, 
undaunted,  hardy,  unshaken,  bold,  stout,  stout- 
hearted. 

Resolution,  n.  I.  Analysis,  decomposition,  sepa- 
ration, 

2.  Dissolution,  solution. 

3.  Disentanglement,  explication,  unravelling. 

4.  Firmness,  determination,  steadiness,  con- 
stancy, inflexibility,  courage,  energy,  pluck,  hardi- 
hood, decision,  manliness,  tenacity  of  purpose, 
resolvedness,  resoluteness,  perseverance,  stead- 
fastness, fortitude,  boldness,  purpose,  resolve. 

5.  Resolve,  determination,  intention,  fixed 
purpose. 

6.  {lyTatk.)     Solution,  explanation. 

7.  \Med  )  Disappearance,  dispersion,  termi- 
nation, breaking  up,  removal. 

8.  (Legislation.)    Resolve,  declaration. 
Resolvable,  a.     I.   Decomposable. 

2.    Solvable. 
Resolve,  v.  a.     I.  Analyze,  separate,  reduce. 

2.  Dissolve,  melt,  liquefy. 

3.  Disentangle,  interpret,  decipher,  unravel, 
explain,  unfold,  solve. 

4.  Determine,  decide,  fix  in  purpose. 

5.  Confirm,  fix  in  resolution. 

6.  Prepare,  make  ready  in  mind. 

7.  Reduce,  change. 

8.  {Math.)    Solve. 

9.  {Med. )    Disperse,  scatter. 

10.   {Legislation.)       Declare,     determine    on, 
express. 
Resolve,  v.  n.     I.  Dissolve,  melt,  liquefy,  become 
fluid. 

2.  Intend,  purpose,  decide,  determine,  con- 
clude, form  a  resolution,  make  up  one's  mind, 
come  to  a  determination. 

3.  Determine  by  vote. 

4.  Be  convinced,  be  settled  in  opinion. 
Resolve,  n.      I.    Intention,  resolution,  determina- 
tion, fixed  purpose. 

2.    Declaration  {by  a  legislature  or  an  organ- 
ized body),  resolution,  determination. 
Resolvedly,  ad.     Decidedly,  firmly,  resolutely. 
Resonance,  n.     Reverberation. 
Resonant,  a.     Resounding,  sonorous,  ringing. 
Resort,  v  n.     I.   Go,  repair. 

2.  Have  recourse,  betake  one's  self,  apply. 
Resort,  «.     I.    Recourse,  application. 

2.   Haunt,  retreat,  place  frequented. 


3.  Concourse,    meeting,    confluence,    assem- 
bling. 

4.  Company,  intercourse. 

Resound,  v.  a.     I.    Echo,  re-echo,  reverberate. 
2.    Sound,  extol,  celebrate,  praise. 

Resound,  v.  «.     Echo,  reverberate,  ring. 

Resource,  «.     I.   Resort,  dependence. 

2.    Means,  expedient,  device,  contrivance,  re- 
sort, appliance,  mstrumentality. 

Resources,  «.  //.  Money,  wealth,  funds,  pecuni- 
ary means,  supplies,  available  means. 

Respect,  v.  a.  I.  Esteem,  reverence,  regard, 
honor,  revere,  venerate,  value,  prize,  think  highly 
of,  have  a  high  opinion  of,  look  up  to,  defer  to. 

2.  Regard,  relate  to,  refer  to. 

3.  Regard,  heed,  consider,  notice. 
Respect,   «.      I.    Esteem,  reverence,  veneration, 

homage,  estimation,  consideration,  regard,  honor, 
deference. 

2.  Favor,  good-will,  kind  consideration. 

3.  Relation,  reference,  regard. 

4.  Regard,  attention. 

5.  Matter,  feature,  point,  particular,  point  of 
view. 

Respectability,  «.     Estimableness,  reputableness, 

respectableness. 
Respectable,  a.    I.  Estimable,  honorable,  worthy, 

considerable. 

2.  Mediocre,  moderate. 

3.  Reputable,  honest,  worthy. 
Respectableness,  «.     See  Respectability 
Respectful,  a.     I.   Deferential,  courteous,  dutiful, 

civil,  decorous,  polite,  complaisant. 
2.    Ceremonious,  formal. 

Respective,  a.     I.   Relative. 
2.    Particular,  own,  several. 

Respectively,  ad.     Particularly. 

Respects,  «.  //.  Compliments,  regards,  commen- 
dations. 

Respiration,  n.     Breathing. 

Respire,  v-  n.     Breathe. 

Respite,  «.  I.  Delav,  pause,  rest,  interval,  stop, 
cessation,  stay,  breathing-time. 

2.  Reprieve,  suspension  of  punishment. 

3.  Postponement,  delay,  forbearance. 
Respite,  v.  a.     I.   Delay,  postpone. 

2.  Reprieve,  suspend  the  punishment  of. 

3.  Relieve  (^jz/awj^). 

Resplendence,  \  n.       Brightness,    splendor,  bril- 

Resplendency,  J       liancy,  effulgence,  glory,  lustre. 

Resplendent,  a.  Brilliant,  splendid,  shi'ningj  lu- 
minous, beaming,  effulgent,  bright,  lucid,  glorious, 
gorgeous,  glittering. 

Respond,  v.  n.     I.   Answer,  reply,  rejoin. 

2.   Correspond,  suit,  be  agreeable  to,  accord. 

Resi>onse,  n.    Answer,  reply,  replication,  rejoinder. 

Responsibility,  «.     I.   Accountableness,  account- 
ability, responsibleness,  liability,  obligation,  boun- 
den  duty. 
2.  Trust,  duty- 
Responsible,  a.    Answerable,  liable,  accountable, 
amenable. 

Responsibleness,  «•    See  Responsibility. 

Responsive,  a.     I.    Answering. 
2.    Suited,  correspondent. 

Responsory,  «.    {Mus.)    Antiphonary. 

Rest,  «.     I.   Repose,  quiet,  quiescence,  ease. 

2.  Peace,  tranquillity,   peacefulness,   security, 
stillness,  quietness,  quiet. 

3.  Pause,  caesura,  intermission,  stop,  stay,  ces- 
sation, interval 

4.  Sleep,  slumber. 

5.  Death,  the  grave. 

6.  Support,  stay,  brace. 

7.  Remainder,    residue,    remnant,    residuum, 
balance. 

8.  Others. 


REST 


855 


RETIRING 


9.  Overplus,  surplus. 
Rest,  V.  n.      I.    Stop,  pause,  halt,  bold,  repose, 
desist,  cease,  come  to  a  stand,  sund  still,  come  to 
a  stand-still,  keep  quiet. 

2.  Repose,  relax,  unbend,  take  rest,  be  tran- 
quil, take  one's  ease,  be  at  ease,  be  quiet. 

3.  Sleep,  slumber,  repose. 

4.  Lie,  recline,  lean. 

5.  Die,  sleep  finally,  be  dead. 

6.  Acquiesce,  confide,  trust,  be  satisfied. 

7.  Stand  on,  be  supported,  be  based  on. 

8.  Lean,  trust,  rely,  confide. 

9.  Stand. 

Sesty  V.  a.     I.   Quiet,  lay  at  rest,  give  rest  to. 
2.   Lay,  place. 

Restaurant,  «.  [Fr.]  Eating-house,  chop-house, 
cafi. 

Restiff,  a.    See  Restive. 

Restittttioil,  n.     I.   Restoration,  return. 

2.  Indemnification,  reparation,  recompense, 
amends,  compensation,  requital,  remuneration, 
satisfaction,  repayment. 

Restive,  a.  I.  Stubborn,  mulish,  restiff,  obsti- 
nate, stopping,  unwilling. 

2.  Uneasy,  impatient,  restless,  ill  at  ease, 
unquiet,  recalcitrant. 

Restless,  a.  I.  Unquiet,  uneasy,  unresting,  dis- 
quieted, disturbed,  restive. 

2.  Unsteady,  inconstant,  changeable,  unstable, 
unsettled,  vacillating,  irresolute. 

3.  Roving,  wandering,  in  motion,  on  the 
move,  unsettled. 

4.  Sleepless. 

5.  Turbulent,  agitated. 

Restoration,  n.  I.  Replacement,  reinstatement, 
re-establishment,  return. 

2.  Renewal^  revival,  re-establishment. 

3.  Renovation,  redintegration,  renewal,  recon- 
struction. 

4.  Recovery,  renewal. 

5.  Universal  salvation,  universalism. 

6.  Restitution,  reparation. 

Restorative,  a.  Restoring,  curative,  remedial, 
invigorating. 

Restorative,  «.  Cure,  remedy,  medicine,  repara- 
tive, corrective. 

Restore,  v.  a.  I.  Return,  give  back,  bring  back, 
render  up. 

2.  Replace,  re-establish,  redintegrate,  rein- 
state, renew. 

3.  Cure,  heal,  revive,  recover. 

4.  Revive,  resuscitate. 

5.  Renew,  repair. 

6.  Refund,  repay. 

7.  Compensate,  make  amends  for. 

8.  Recover,  renew,  emend. 

Restrain,  v.  a.  I.  Check,  curb,  bridle,  repress, 
suppress,  withhold,  constrain,  coerce,  keep,  hold. 

2.  Hold  back,  hold  in,  keep  under,  check. 

3.  Hinder,  prevent,  debar,  bar,  stop,  prohibit, 
interdict. 

4.  Restrict,  confine,  abridge,  hinder,  circum- 
scribe, narrow. 

5.  Withhold,  forbear. 

Restraint,  «.    I.   Check,  curb,_  repression,  bridle, 
suppression,  constraint,  coercion,  compulsion. 
Jl.   Hindrance,   prevention,  limitation,  restric- 
tion, prohibition. 
3.    Imprisonment,  confinement,  detention. 
Restrict,  v.  a.      Limit,   bound,   restrain,   confine, 

circumscribe,  hedge  in. 
Restriction,  «.     I.'  Limitation,  confinement. 

2.  Restraint,  constraint. 

3.  Reservation,  reserve. 

Resnlt,  V.  n.  I.  Proceed,  come,  follow,  flow, 
issue,  arise,  spring,  rise,  originate,  ensue,  accrue, 
be  the  e£Eect,  be  derived. 


2.  End,  terminate,  eventuate. 
Result,   «.      I.    Consequence    {from   a    certain 
combination  of  causes  or  front  premises'),  infer- 
ence, conclusion,  deduction,  outcome. 

2.  Issue,  event,  effect,  termination,  end,  fruit, 
product,  consequence,  outcome. 

3.  Decision,  resolve,  determination,  resolution, 
conclusion. 

ome,  V.  a.    I.  Take  back,  take  again. 
2.   Recommence,  renew,  begin  again,  take  up 
again^ 

Resume,  n.  [Fr.]  Summary,  abstract,  recapitu- 
lation, summing  up,  epitome,  synopsis,  con- 
densed statement. 

Resurrection^  «.  Rising,  revival,  revivification, 
resuscitation. 

Resuscitate,  v.  a.  Revivify,  reanimate,  renew, 
revive,  quicken,  restore  to  life,  recall  to  life, 
bring  back  to   life. 

Resusidtation,  n.  Revivification,  reanimation, 
quickening,  revival. 

Retail,  v.  a.     I.   Sell  in  small  quantities. 
2.   Deal  out  in  small  portions. 

Retain,  v.  a.  I.  Hold,  keep,  reserve,  withhold, 
preserve,  detain,  keep  in  possession. 

2.   Engage  {by  fee  /aid),  hire,  employ,  keep 
in  pay. 

Retainer,  n.    I.   Attendant,  adherent,  dependant, 
follower,  hanger-on,  servant. 
2.   Retaining  fee,  preliminary  fee. 

Retainment, «.    Retention. 

Retaliate,  v.  a.  Return  (by  giving  like  for  like, 
as  an  injury),  repay,  requite,  revenge, 
avenge. 

Retaliate,  v.  «.  Take  revenge,  return  like  for 
like,  give  quid  pro  quo,  give  a  Roland  for  an 
Oliver. 

Retaliation,  «.  Requital  (of  evil),  reprisal,  retri- 
bution, repayment,  revenue,  punishment. 

Retaliatory,  a.  Retaliative,  revenging,  vindic* 
tive. 

Retard,  v.  a.  I.  Check,  obstruct,  clog,  impede, 
hinder. 

2.  Delay,  defer,  postpone,  adjourn,  procrasti- 
nate, put  off. 

Retch,  V.  n.  Heave,  strain,  keck,  gag,  try  to 
vomit. 

Retention,  «.  I.  Reservation,  holding,  keeping, 
retaining,  detention. 

2.  Reserve,  restraint. 

3.  Memory,  remembrance. 
Retentive,  a.     Tenacious. 

Reticence,  n.    Reserve,   taciturnity,  uncommuni- 

cativeness. 
Reticent,  a.    Reserved,  taciturn,  silent  {fiy  habif), 

uncommunicative. 

ReScSlJted.  I  ''•    ^^^'^y*  retiform. 

Reticulation, «.     Net-work. 

Reticule,  «.     Hand-bag. 

Retiform,  a.     See  Reticular. 

Retinoid,  a.     Resin-like,  resiniform. 

Retinue,  «.  Train,  suite,  followers,  body  of  at- 
tendants, cortege. 

Retire,  v.  a.  Withdraw  from  circulation  {as  cur- 
rency). 

Retire,  v.  n.  I.  Withdraw,  depart,  retreat,  re- 
move, leave. 

2.   Recede,   retrocede,  fall  back,  beat  a  re- 
treat. 

Retired,  a.     I.  Withdrawn,  removed,  abstracted. 

2.  Secret,  private. 

3.  Secluded,  apart,  sequestered,  solitary. 
Retirement,  «.     I.   Withdrawal,  departure. 

2.  Privacy,  seclusion,  retreat. 

3,  Solitude,  loneliness. 

Retiring,  a.    I.  Withdrawing,  retreadng. 


RETORT 


856 


REVILE 


2.  Reserved,  shy,  demure,  diffident,  modest, 
coy. 
Retort,  n.     Repartee,  smart  or  witty  reply. 
RetOttCh,  V.  a.     I.   Repair,  touch  up,  improve. 

2.   Revise,  improve. 
Retractt  v.  a.     I.    Withdraw,  draw  back,  draw  in. 

2.  Recall,    revoke,    recant,    abjure,    disavow, 
cancel,  take  back,  withdraw,  unsay,  disown. 

3.  Rescind,  resume,  take  back. 
Retractj  v.  n.     Take  back,  unsay. 
Retraction,  «.     Recantation,  abjuration,   revoca- 
tion, disavowal. 

Retreat,  n.  I.  Departure,  withdrawal,  retire- 
ment. 

2.  Retirement,  seclusion,  privacy,  solitude. 

3.  Asylum,  refuge,  shelter. 

Retreat,  v.  n.     I.   Withdraw,  retire,  give  way. 

2.    Recede,  fall  back,  move  back,  retire. 
Retrendl,    v.    a.       I.    Curtail,    cut,    lop,    dock, 
prune,  pare,  clip,  cut  short,  cut  off,  lop  off. 

2.  Diminish,   lessen,  decrease,   abridge,  cur- 
tail. 

3.  Confine,  limit. 

4.  Deprive  of,  mutilate. 
Retrench,  v.  n.     I.    Economize. 

2.    Encroach,  make  inroad. 
Retrenchment,   «.    Curtailment,  reduction,  dimi- 
nution, abridgment,  lessening. 
Retribution,  «.     I.    Repayment,  requital,  recom- 
pense, reward,  compensation,  return,  retaliation. 
2.   Distribution  of  rewards  and  punishments. 
Retrieve,  v.  a.     I.  Regain,   recover,   restore,   re- 
cruit, repair,  re-establish,  get  again. 

2.  Repair,  make  amends  for. 

3.  Recall,  bring  back. 
Retriment,  «.     Refuse,  dregs. 
Retroaction,  «.     Recoil,  reaction,  rebound. 
Retroactive,  a.    I.  Reflex. 

2.    Retrospective,  that  affects  the  past. 
Retrocede,  v.  n.     Retire,   recede,   retrograde,  go 

back,  give  place. 
Retroce^on,  »       Retrogression,   retrogradation, 

going  back. 
Retrogradation,  «.     Retrogression. 
Retrograde,  a.     Backward. 
Retrograde,  v.  n.     Retrocede,   recede,  retire,  go 

or  move  backward,  retrace  one's  steps. 
Retrogression,  «.     Retrogradation,  decline. 
Retrospect,  «.      Review,    survey,   re-examination, 

re-survey. 
Retrospection,  «.     Looking  back. 
Retrospective,  a.     I.    Looking  back. 

2.  Retroactive,  that  affects  the  past. 
Return,  v.  n.      I.    Go   or  come  back,  get  back, 

turn  back. 

2.  Recur,  revert. 

3.  Answer,  reply,  respond- 

4.  Retort,  recriminate. 

5.  Revisit,  come  again. 

Return,  v.  a.     I.   Restore,  give  back,  send  back. 

2.  Repay,  refund. 

3.  Requite,  recompense,  repay. 

4.  Report,  communicate,  tell. 

5.  Render,  report,  remit. 

6.  Send,  transmit,  remit,  convey. 

Return,  «.  I.  Repayment,  reimbursement,  re- 
mittance, payment. 

2.  Recompense,  reward,  requital,  repayment, 
restitution. 

3.  Advantage,  benefit,  profit,  interest. 

4.  Official  account. 

Reunion,  «.  Assembly,  meeting,  festive  gath- 
ering. 

Revamp,  v.  a.  Reh^ibilitate,  reconstruct,  vamp, 
mend,  patch  up  ae:ain. 

Reveal,  v.  a.  I.  Disclose,  discover,  unveil,  un- 
cover,   publish,   divulge,    tell,   declare,   impart, 


communicate,    display,  make  known,  lay  open, 
show,  betray. 
2.   Disclose,  discover,  make  known. 
Revel,  «.    Festivity,  merry-making,  feast,  carousal. 
Revel,  V.  H.     I.   Carouse,  tipple,  make  merry. 

2.    Indulge,  luxuriate,  wanton. 
Revelation,  «.     I.    Discovery,  disclosure. 

2.  Divine  communication  of  truth. 

3.  The  Apocalypse. 

Reveller,  «.     Carouser,  bacchanal,  bacchanalian. 

Revelry,  «.  Carousal,  carouse,  revel,  riot,  jollity, 
festivity,  orgy,  bacchanal,  saturnalia,  wassail, 
debauch,  jollification,  drinking-bout,  noisy  fes- 
tivity. 

Revenge,  v.  a.    I.   Retaliate,  requite,  take  ven- 
geance for. 
2.    Avenge,  vindicate  by  punishment. 

Revenge,  «.     Retaliation,  requital  {of  an  injury). 

Revengeful,  a.  Vindictive,  malicious,  malignant, 
spiteful,  resentful,  implacable,  vengeful,  rancor- 
ous, malevolent. 

Revengefulness,  «.  Vindictiveness,  rancor,  malev- 
olence, spitefulness,  maliciousness,  malignancy. 

Revenue,  n.     I.    Income,  receipts. 
2.    Return,  reward. 

Reverberate,  v.  a.    I.   Echo,  re-echo,  send  back, 
return. 
2.   Reflect,  send  back,  cast  back. 

Reverberate,  v.  n.     Resound,  echo,  re-echo. 

Reverberation,  «.  Echoing,  re-echoing,  echo, 
reflected  sound. 

Reverberatory,  «•     Reverberating. 

Revere,  v.  a.     Venerate,  reverence,  adore,  honor. 

Reverence,  «.     I.   Veneration,  honor,  adoration, 
awe. 
2.    Homage,  courtesy. 

Reverence,  v.  a.     See  Revere. 

Reverend,  a.     Venerable. 

Reverent,  a.     See  Reverential. 

Reverential,  a.  Respectful,  deferential,  reverent, 
submissive,  humble. 

Reverie, «.    See  Reverv. 

Reversal,  «.  Rejjeal,  revocation,  annulment, 
change,  overthrowing. 

Reverse,  v.  a.  I.  Invert,  turn  upside  down,  turn 
end  for  end,  turn  topsy-turvy. 

2.  Overturn,  overthrow,  overset,  subvert. 

3.  Change  to  the  opposite. 

4.  Annul,    repeal,    revoke,    rescind,   counter- 
mand, overthrow,  make  void. 

Reverse,  a.     Opposite,    converse,    turned    back- 
ward. 
Reverse,  «.     I.   Contrary,  opposite,  counterpart. 
2<    Change,  vicissitude. 

3.  Misfortune,  mischance,  mishap,  misadven- 
ture, trial,  hardship,  affliction,  reverse  of  fortune. 

4.  Check,  defeat. 

Reversion,  «.     I.   Succession,  inheritance. 

2.   Atavism. 
Revert,  v.  a.     I.   Reverse,  turn  back. 

2.   Repel,  drive  back,  turn  back. 
Revert,  v.  «.     Return,   recur,   come  back,  turn 

back. 
Reveiy,  «.     Musing,  a  waking  dream,  abstraction, 

inattention,    preoccupation,    absence    of    mind, 

brown  study,  reverie 
Review,  v.  a.    I.  Revise,  reconsider,  re-examine, 

pass  in  review. 

2.  Criticise,  notice  critically,  write  a  critical 
notice  of. 

3.  Survey,  inspect,  overlook. 

4.  Retrace,  go  over  again. 

Review,  n.  I.  Retrospect,  re-survey,  re-exam- 
ination, survey,  reconsideration. 

2.  Criticism,  critique,  reviewal,  critical  notice. 

3.  Military  or  naval  inspection. 

Revile,  v.  a.     Vilify,  defame,  reproach,  slander, 


REVINDICATE 


357 


RIDDLE 


/ 


calumniate,   asperse,  traduce,  upbraid,    malign, 
abuse,  backbite,  speak  ill  of. 

Revindicate,  v.  a.  Reassert,  support  again, 
maintain  once  more,  vindicate  again,  reclaim. 

Revisal,  n.     Revision. 

Revise,  v  a.    I.    Review,  re-examine,  reconsider. 
2.  Alter,  amend,  review. 

Revise,  n.     Revision,  re-examination,  correction. 

Revision,  n.  Review,  revisal,  revise,  re-exami- 
nation. 

Revival,  «.     I.   Resuscitation,  revivification,  re- 
animation,  quickening. 
2.   Reproduction,  restoration. 

Revive,  v.  a.  I.  Resuscitate,  reanimate,  revivify, 
revitalize,  reinvigorate,  reinspirit,  bring  to  life 
again. 

2.  Rouse,  quicken,  animate,  refresh,  renovate, 
reinspire,  invigorate,  cheer,  recomfort,  renew, 
recover. 

3.  Reawake,  recall,  bring  to  mind. 

4.  Recover,  bring  back,  bring  into  use. 
Revive,  v.  «.     I.   Be  resuscitated  or  reanimated, 

return  to  life,  recover  life,  live  again. 

2.  Be  invigorated,  refreshed,  or  roused,  re- 
cover strength. 

Revivification,  n.  Resuscitation,  reanimation, 
revival,  quickening. 

Revivify,  v.  a.  Reanimate,  resuscitate,  revive, 
bring  to  life  again. 

Revocation,  «.  Retraction,  recall,  recantation, 
reversal,  repeal,  abjuration. 

Revoke,  v.  a.  Recall  {whai  has  been  said),  re- 
cant, retract,  repeal,  reverse,  annul,  cancel,  re- 
scind, countermand,  abrogate,  abolish,  make  void. 

Revolt,  v.n.     I.   Desert,  fall  oflF. 

2.   Rebel,  mutiny,  rise,  renounce  allegiance. 

Revolt,  V.  a.  Repel,  shock,  do  violence  to,  dis- 
gust, nauseate,  sicken- 

Revolt,  n  I.  Desertion,  inconstancy,  faithless- 
ness, change  of  sides,  defection. 

2.  Rebellion,  insurrection,  mutiny,  sedition, 
uprising. 

Revolter,  «.     Deserter,  rebel,  traitor,  insurgent. 

Revolting,  a.  Shocking,  disgusting,  sickening, 
nauseating,  nauseous,  repulsive,  offensive,  ob- 
noxious, hateful,  horrible,  abominable,  mon- 
strous, abhorrent. 

Revolution,  n.  I.  Rotation,  whirling,  circular 
motion. 

2.  Change  (/«  the  political  constitution  of  a 
country),  organic  change,  successful  revolt  or 
rebellion.  / 

Revolutionize,  v.  a.  Remodel,  reform,  new 
model,  change  completely. 

Revolve,  V.  n.  I.  Rotate,  wheel,  turn,  roll  round 
an  axis,  turn  round. 

2.  Circle,  move  round  a  centre. 

3.  Pass  away  in  cycles. 

4.  Fall  back,  return,  devolve. 

Revolve,  v.  a.     I.   Cause  to  turn  round,  circulate. 
2.   Consider,  meditate,  ponder,  study,  reflect 
upon,  ruminate  upon,  brood  over. 

Revolving,  a.     Turning,  rolling,  moving  round. 

Revulsion,    «.     I.   Withdrawal,     drawing    back, 
violent  separation,  abstraction. 
2.   Reaction,  change,  transition. 

Reward,  v.  a.  Recompense,  compensate,  re- 
quite, remunerate,  pay,  punish. 

Reward,  M.  I.  Recompense,  compensation, guer- 
don, requital,  remuneration,  pay. 

2.  Premium,  bonus,  bounty. 

3.  Retribution,  punishment,  requital. 
Rhapsodical,  a.     Unconnected,  broken,  confused, 

rambling,  like  a  rhapsody. 
Rhapsodize,  v.  n.     Utter  rhapsodies. 
Rhapsody,  «.     Rambling  composition,  medley  of 

thoughts,  sentences,  or  passages. 


Rliea,  M.  {Ornith.)  South  American  ostrich 
{Rhea   A  ntericana). 

Rhein-beriTf  «•     Buck-thorn  (Rhamnus). 

Rhetoric,  n.  I.  Art  of  composition,  art  of  dis- 
course. 

2.  Oratory,   elocution,  eloquence,    science  of 
oratory. 

3.  Declamation,  artificial  eloquence. 

4.  Persuasion,  attraction,  allurement,  charm. 
Rhetorical,  a.     I.   Oratorical. 

2.    Declamatory,  highly  wrought. 
Rhetorician,  n.     I.   Adept  in   rhetoric,  proficient 

in  rhetoric. 
2.    Public  speaker,  declaimer. 
Rheum,  ».     Rhubarb. 

Rhizoma,  ».     {Bot.)    Root-stock,  root-like  stem. 
Rhododendron,  «.     {Bot.)   Rose-bay  {Ericacea). 
Rhodonite,  n.    Manganese  spar,  silicate  of  man- 
ganese. 
Rhomb,    n.     Rhombus,    lozenge,    oblique-angled 

parallelogram  {with  equal  sides). 
Rhomhus,  «.     See  Rhomb. 
Rh3rmer,  n.     See  Rhymester. 
Rhymester,  «.     Versifier,  poetaster,  rhymer,  poor 

poet,  rhyraist. 
Rhythm,  «.    I.   Periodical  emphasis,  regular  or 

melodious  movement,  harmonious  flow. 
2.   Rhyme,  metre,  verse,  number. 
Rhythmical,  a.     Measured,  regular,  or  melodious 

in  movement. 
Riant,  a.     [Fr.]     Laughing,  gay,  smiling. 
Rihald,  a.     Base,  low,  mean,  obscene,  vile,  filthy, 

gross,  coarse,  loose,  indecent. 
Ribaldry,    «.    Obscenity,  indecency;    low,  vile, 

or  vulgar  language. 
Rice-bird,  «.     {Omith.)    Reed-bird,  rice-bunting, 

rice-troopial,  bobolink,  bob-lincoln. 
Rich,  a.     I.   Wealthy,  opulent,  affluent,  moneyed. 

2.  Splendid,  precious,  costly,  sumptuous,  valu- 
able, estimable,  highly  valued. 

3.  Savory,  delicious,  luscious. 

4.  Plentiful,   plenteous,    abundant,    copious, 
abounding,  ample,  full,  well-supplied 

5.  Fruitful,  fertile,  luxuriant,  productive,  pro- 
lific. 

6.  Vivid,  bright,  gay. 

7.  Sweet,  mellow,  soft,  harmonious. 

8.  Funny,  laughable,  humorous,  comical. 
Riches,  n.  pi.     Wealth,   opulence,   affluence,   for- 
tune, plenty,   abundance,   richness,  weahhiness, 
ample  means,  ample  store. 

Richly,  ad.     I.   Gayly,  splendidly,  magnificently. 

2.  Plenteously,  abundantly,  amply,  fully. 

3.  Truly,    really,    abundantly,    fully,    highly, 
strongly. 

RichnesSt  n.  I.  Abundance,  plenty,  fulness, 
copiousness,  luxuriance,  exuberance,  profusion. 

2.  Fertility,  fruitfulness,  productiveness. 

3.  Excellence,  value,  costliness. 

4.  Brightness,  vividness,  brilliancy. 

5.  Sweetness,  melodiousness,  harmoniousness. 
Rick,  n.     Stack,  pile,  heap  {of  corn  or  hay). 
Rickets,    n.  pi.     (Med.)    Rachitis,   inflammation 

of  the  spine. 
Rickety,  a.     I.   Affected  with  the  rickets. 

2.  Shattered,  broken,  weak,  imperfect 

3.  Shaky,  tottering,  approaching  ruin. 
Rlckle,  H.     Little  rick,  stook. 

Rid,  V.  a.     I.   Free,  deliver,  set  free,  release. 

2.  Free,  clear,  disencumber. 

3.  Finish,  despatch,  dispose  of. 

4.  Destroy,    make    away    with,    remove    by 
violence. 

Rid.  a.    Free,  clear. 

Riddance,   n.     Freedom,   escape,   relief,    deliver- 
ance. 
Riddle»  V,  a.    Solve,  explain,  unriddle. 


RIDDLE 


358 


RINGLET 


"Riddle*  n.     Enigma,   puzzle,  dark  problem,  puz- 
zling queslion. 
Rider*  n.     I.    Equestrian,  horseman. 

2.  Jockey,  postilion. 

3.  Additional  clause  {to  a  legislative  act). 
Ridge,  «.     Extended  elevation,  long  crest  or  sum- 
mit. 

Ridgedt  a.    Porcate,  furrowed. 

Ridicule, «.  Derision,  mockery,  raillery,  satire, 
sarcasm,  gibe,  jeer,  sneer,  banter,  wit,  burlesque, 
irony. 

Ridicule,  v.  a.  Deride,  mock,  scout,  satirize, 
lampoon,  jeer,  taunt,  rally,  banter,  burlesque, 
laugh  at,  scoff  at,  make  game  of,  make  fun  of, 
make  a  butt  of. 

Ridiculous,  a.  Ludicrous,  laughable,  droll,  funny, 
preposterous,  farcical,  comical,  absurd,  risible. 

Rue,  a.     I.  Prevailing,  prevalent,  abundant,  com- 
mon. 
2.   Replete,  abounding  in,  well  supplied. 

Rifely,  ad.     Prevalently,  frequently. 

Riff-raff,  «.     I.   Refuse,  sweepings. 

2.  Rabble,  populace,  the  masses,  dregs  of  the 
people,  swinish  multitude,  scum  of  society,  lowest 
class  of  people,  ignoble  vulgar,  lower  classes, 
rough-scuff,  canaille. 

Rifle,  V.  a.     I.   Seize,  snatch  away,  carry  off. 

2.   Rob,  pillage,  plunder,  strip,  despoil,  fleece. 

Rifler,  «.     Robber,  pillager,  plunderer,  despoiler. 

Rift,  n.  Cleft,  fissure,  crack,  rent,  breach,  frac- 
ture, break,  gap,  opening,  chink,  crevice,  cranny, 
reft. 

Rift,  V.  a.    Burst  open,  cleave,  rive,  split. 

Rift,  V.  n.     Split,  burst  open. 

Rig,  z/  a.     I.   Dress  {particularly  in  a  fanciful 
tftanner),  clothe,  accoutre,  put  on. 
2.    Furnish  with  gear,  fit  with  tackling. 

Rig,  ».     I.   Dress  {odd  or  fanciful ). 
2.  Sportive  trick,  frolic. 

Rigging,  n.    Tackle,  gear,  ropes  of  a  ship. 

Right,  a.  I.  Straight,  direct,  rectilinear,  not 
crooked. 

2.  Upright,  erect,  not  oblique,  perpendicular. 

3.  Just,  lawful,  equitable,  fair,  rightful,  honest, 
in  accordance  with  duty,  unswerving,  upright. 

4.  Fit,  suitable,  seemly,  proper,  becoming,  ap- 
propriate, as  it  should  be,  comme  ilfaut. 

5.  Real,  true,  actual,  unquestionable. 

6.  Correct,  true,  not  erroneous,  not  mistaken. 

7.  Right-hand. 

8.  Outward. 

9.  Fortunate,  most  favorable. 

10.  Orderly,    well-regulated,     well-performed, 
correct. 
Right,  ad.     I.   Directly,  in  a  direct  line. 

2.  Uprightly,  equitably,  fairly,  lawfully,  right- 
fully, rightly,  justly. 

3.  Fitly,  suitably,  properly. 

4.  Correctly,  truly. 

5.  Very,  extremely,  in  a  great  degree. 

6.  Actually,  truly,  really,  exactly,  just. 
Right,   n.     I,   Rectitude,    uprightness,    integrity, 

justice,   equity,  fairness,    goodness,    lawfulness, 
propriety,  what  ought  to  be,  what  should  be. 

2.  Truth,  correctness. 

3.  Prerogative,  privilege. 

4.  Just  claim,  legal  title,  ownership. 

5.  Title,  claim. 

6.  Property,  interest. 

7.  Authority,  legal  power. 
Right,  V.  a.     I.    Set  upright. 

_  2.   Do  justice  to,  relieve  from  wrong,  see  one 
righted,  see  justice  done  to  one. 
Righteous,   a.     I.    Pious,   holy,   virtuous,    godly, 
saintly,   religious,   honest,   good,   incorrupt,    up- 
right, just,  devout. 
2.   Equitable,  fair,  right,  rightful. 


Righteously,  ad.  Equitably,  justly,  honestly,  up- 
rightly. 

Righteousness,  «.  I.  Piety,  godliness,  holiness, 
sanctity,  purity,  virtue,  goodness,  integrity, 
honesty,  justice,  uprightness,  equity,  rightfulness, 
faithfulness. 

2.  Rectitude  of  conduct,  practice  of  right, 
doing  right,  acting  from  principle,  uprightness, 
equity,  rightfulness,  faithfulness. 

Rightful,  a.     I.   Legitimate,  true,  lawful. 

2.  Just,  equitable,  fair,  lawful,  suiuble,  proper, 
right,  reasonable,  true,  honest. 

Right-hand,  a.    Right. 
Right  line.     Straight  line,  most  direct  line. 
Right-lined,  a.     Rectilineal,  rectilinear. 
Rightly,     ad.      I.    Uprightly,    equitably,    fairly, 
lawfully,  rightfully,  honestly. 

2.  Fitly,  suitably,  properly,  appropriately. 

3,  Correctly,  truly,  exactly. 
Right-minded,  a.     Well-disposed. 
Right-whale,     «.       Greenland    whale    {Balana 

m^sticetus). 
Rigid,  a.     I,   Stifi",  stiffened,  inflexible,  unpliant, 
unbending,  unyielding. 

2.  Stiff,  bristling,  erect,  precipitous,  steep. 

3.  Sharp,  severe,  strict,  stern,  rigorous,  harsh, 
austere,  inflexible,  exact,  unmitigated. 

4.  Sharp,  cruel. 

Rigidity,  «.  I.  Stiffness,  inflexibility,  rigidness, 
want  of  pliability. 

2.  Severity,  rigor,  harshness,  strictness,  aus- 
terity, rigidness. 

3.  Ungracefulness,  want  of  ease,  stiffness. 
Rigidness,  n.    See  Rigidity. 

Rigmarole,  «.  Nonsense,  jargon,  gibberish, 
verbiage,  trash,  balderdash,  twaddle,  palaver, 
flummery,  foolish  talk. 

Rigor,  «.  I.  Stiffness,  rigidity,  rigidness,  inflexi- 
bility, hardness. 

2.  Severity,  austerity,  harshness,  sternness, 
asperity. 

3.  Strictness,  exactness. 

4.  Inclemency,  severity. 

5.  {Med.)    Sudden  coldness  with  shivering. 
Rigorous,  a.      I.    Severe,    austere,   harsh,    stern, 

rigid,   hard,  strict,  stringent,  inflexible,  unyield- 
ing, stiff. 

2.  Exact,  accurate,  precise,  scrupulously  nice, 
strict. 

3.  Inclement,  severe.^ 

Rile,  V.  a.     I.   Stir  up,  roil,  render  turbid. 

2.   Vex,  anger,  irritate  {colloq). 
Rilievo,   n.     Projection,  prominence,  relief. 
Rill,  ».      Streamlet,  rivulet,  runnel,   small  brook. 
Rim,  n.     Border,  edge,  margin,  brim,  brink,  verge, 

border,  skirt,  confine. 
Rime,  n.    I.    Hoar-frost,  congealed  dew. 

2.   Rhyme. 
Rimple,  n.      I.  Wrinkle,  fold,  rumple,    crease, 
gather,  corrugation,  pucker,  plait. 
2.   Ripplcj  undulation,  little  wave. 
Rind,   n.     Skin,    peel,    bark,    husk,    hull,    shell, 

glume,  outer  covering. 
Ruig,  n.     I.   Circle,  hoop. 

2.  Race-course,  racing-ground,  arena. 

3.  Circular  group  of  persons. 

4.  {Colloq.)    Resonance,  reverberation. 

5.  Clique,  junto,  cabal,  coterie,  set,  combina- 
tion, league,  confederacy. 

Ring,  V.  n.     I.    Sound,  resound. 

2.   Tingle,  keep  sounding. 
Ring-dove,    «.       Cushat,  wood- pigeon  {Colutnba 

palumbus). 
Ring-leader,  «.     Leader,  chief  rioter. 
Ringlet,  «.     I.    Small  ring. 

2.  Curl,  tress,  lock. 

3.  Circle,  fairy  ring. 


RINGWORM 


859 


ROCK 


Ringrworm,  «.     Circular  herpes  or  tetter. 

Rinse,  V.  a.     Wash  {lightly),  lave. 

Riot,  n.  I.  Tumult,  uproar,  disturbance,  commo- 
tion, broil,  brawl,  outbreak,  fray,  affray,  alterca- 
tion, squabble,  quarrel,  strife,  tnilie. 

2.   Luxurjr,  excess,  revelry,  wild  festivity,  ex- 
cessive feasting. 

Riot,  V.  n,     I.   Revel,  carouse,  luxuriate. 

2.  Be  excited,  be  tumultuous. 

3.  Raise  an  uproar,  riot,  or  sedition. 
RlotOtlS,  a.      I.    Revelling,    luxurious,  wanton, 

unrestrained. 

2.  Tumultuous,    seditious,    turbulent,    insub- 
ordinate,    mutinous,   rebellious,   disorderly,   un- 
governable, unruly,  refractory. 
Rip,  V.  a.     I.  Tear  open,  tear  apart,  split. 

2.  Tear  out,  discover,  disclose. 
Rip,  «.     I.  Tear,  rent,  laceration. 

2.  Scamp,  cheat,  libertine,  debauchee,  worth- 
less person. 
Ripe,    a.    I.    Mature,     mellow,     perfected     by 
growth. 

2.  Fit,  prepared,  ready,  in  readiness. 

3.  Consummate,  finished,   perfect,  perfected, 
complete,  accomplished. 

Ripen,  v.  «.     I.   Grow  ripe,  be  matured. 
2.   Be  fitted,  be  prepared. 

Ri]^,  V.  a.     I.   Mature,  bring  to  maturity,  make 
npe,  bring  to  perfection. 
2.    Mature,  fit,  prepare. 

Ripeness,  n.  I.  Maturity,  matureness,  full  growth, 
completeness,  perfection. 

2.   Fitness,  preparation,    readiness,    qualifica- 
tion. 

Ripple,  V.  ft.    PurL 

Ripple,  V.  a.     Fret,  dimple,  curl. 

Ripple,  n.  Rimple,  undulation,  little  wave,  fret- 
ting, rufBing  (pf  water). 

Rise,  V.  n.  I.  Ascend,  mount,  arise,  go  or  move 
upward. 

2.  Appear,  come  forth,  come  into  view. 

3.  Get  up,  arise. 

4.  Revive,  come  to  life,  be  raised  from  death. 

5.  Grow,  spring  up. 

6.  Tower  up,  be  heaved  up. 

7«   Be  advanced,  be  promoted,  gain  a  position, 
succeed,  excel. 

8.  Increase,  swell,  enlarge,  become  greater. 

9.  Adjourn,  close  the  session. 

10.  Spring,  take  rise,  have  source  or  origin, 
proceed,  originate,  be  produced. 

11.  Become  hostile,  take  up  arms,  go  to  war, 
rebel,  revolt 

12.  Slope  upward. 

13.  Happen,  occur,  come  by  chance. 
Rise,  n.     I.   Ascent,  rising. 

2.  Elevation,  elevated  place,  rising  ground. 

3.  Source,  origin,  spring,  beginning. 

4.  Increase,  advance,  augmentation. 
Risible,  a.     I.    Laughable,  ridiculous,  droll,  ludi- 
crous, comical,  funny,  farcical,  amusing. 

2.   Producing  laughter  (a*  certain    muscles). 
RisiflSt  »•     I.   Ascent,  rise. 

2.  Reviving,  resurrection. 

3.  Insurrection,  rebellion,  sedition. 

4.  Swelling,  tumor,  boil. 

Risk,  n.  Danger,  hazard,  jeopardy,  peril,  ex- 
posure to  harm. 

Risk,  V.  a.     I.    Hazard,  peril,  endanger,  jeopard, 
jeopardize,  put  in  peril,  put  to  hazard,   expose 
to  danger. 
2.   Venture,  dare  to  undertake. 

Rite,  H.  Ceremony,  form,  observance,  usage, 
ordinance,  solemnity,  ceremonial  formulary,  sac- 
rament. 

Ritual,  a.     Ceremonial. 

Ritual,  n.     Liturgy,  formulary  of  worship. 


Rival,  H.  Competitor,  antagonist,  opponent, 
emulator. 

Rival,  a.  Competing,  emulating,  emulous,  oppos- 
ing. 

Rival,  V.  a.  I.  Oppose,  compete  with,  contend 
with. 

2.  Emulate,  try  to  equal  or  excel. 

3.  Match,  equal,  be  equal  to. 

Rivalry,   «.      Competition,  emulation,   rivalship, 

strife,  contention. 
Rivalship,  n.     Rivalry. 
Rive,  V.  a.     Rend,   split,   cleave,    tear  or  rend 

asunder. 
River,  ».    I.  Stream. 

2.   Large  stream,  copious  flow,  abundance* 
River-crab,  «.     Cray-fish,  craw-fish. 
River-dragon,  «.     Crocodile. 
River-Jiorse,  n.     Hippopotamus. 
Rivet,  V.  a.     Fasten,  fix,  make  firm. 
Rivulet,  n.     Brook,  streamlet,  runnel,  rill,  runlet, 

small  stream,  burn. 
Road,  n.     I.   Path,  way,  lane,  street,  route,  course, 

fathway,  track,  passage,  highway,  thoroughfare, 
ighroad. 

2.   Roadstead,  anchorage. 
Roadstead,  n.     Anchorage,  road. 
Roadster,  «.     Horse  (Jitted  for  the  road),  pad. 
Roam,  V.  n.     Ramble,  stroll,  wander,  range,  rove, 

stray,  straggle. 
Roam,  V.  a.     Wander  or  range  over,  stray  about. 
Roamer,  «.     Wanderer,  rover,  stroller,  vagrant. 
Roan-tree,  «.     European  mountain-ash,  fowler's 

service-tree,  rowan-tree  {Pyrus  aucuparia). 
Roar,  V.  n      I.    Bellow  {as  a  beast). 

2.  Bawl,  shout,   vociferate,   yell,    bowl,    cry, 
cry  aloud. 

3.  Boom,  resound,  thunder,  rattle,  peal. 

4.  Laugh  {loudly  and  long). 
Roar,  n.     I.    Bellow,  bellowing,  roaring. 

2.  Loud  noise  {as  of  the  wind  or  the  sea). 

3.  Shout,  cry,  outcry. 

4.  Laugh  {loud  and  long),  laughter,  shout. 
Roaring,  «.     See  Roar. 

Rob,  V.  a.     I.   Plunder,  strip,  despoil,  fleece,  pil- 
lage, rook. 
2.  Take  from,  deprive. 

Robber,  «.  Plunderer,  pillager,  thief,  despoiler, 
depredator,  highwayman,  footpad,  bngand,  ban- 
dit, marauder,  freebooter,  rifler,  pirate. 

Robbery,  ».  Depredation,  peculation,  theft,  lar- 
ceny, spoliation,  despoliation,  despoilment,  plun- 
dermg,  pillage,  freebooting,  piracy. 

Robe,  «.     Gown,  dress. 

Robe,  V.  a.     Dress,  clothe,  invest,  array. 

Robin,  n.  1.  [Eng.]  Ruddock,  robmet,  robin- 
redbreasU  {Erythaca  rubecula  or  Motacilla 
rubecula). 

2.   [W.  S.]    Robin-redbreast,  migratory  thrush 
{Turdus  migrator ius). 

Roborant,  a.     Strengthening,  tonic. 

Robust,  a.  I.  Strong,  athletic,  brawny,  stout, 
sinewy,   muscular,  stalwart,  hale,  hearty,  hardy, 

.  lusty,  sturdy,  firm,  sound,  vigorous,  powerful, 
forceful,   able-bodied,  iron. 

2.  Sound,  vigorous. 

3.  Violent,  rough,  rude,  boisterous. 
Robustness,  n.     Strength,  soundness,  vigor,  stout- 
ness, lustiness,  sturdiness. 

Rochelle-powder,  «.     Seldlitz-powder. 
Rocbelle-salt,  n.      Tartrate  of  potash  and   soda, 

tartarized  soda,  sel  de  Seigneite. 
Rock,  n      I.    Stone  {of  large  size). 

2.  Defence,     support,      refuge,      protection, 
strength,  asylum. 

3.  Distaff. 

Rock,  V.  a.  I.  Move  backward  and  forward  {as 
something  that  rests  on  a  support). 


ROCK 


860 


ROOM 


2.   Lull,  quiet,  calm,  tranquillize,  soothe,  still, 

put  to  sleep. 
Rock,  V.   ft.       Reel,  totter,  move  backward  and 

forward. 
Rock-crystal,    «.       Limpid    quartz,     mountain- 
crystal. 
Rock-fish,  «.     Black  goby  {Gobius  niger). 
Rocking-Stone,  «.     Logan-stone. 
Rockling:,  «.      Whistle-fish,    sea-loach    {Motella 

vulgaris). 
Rock-maplCy  n.      Sugar-maple  {Acer  sacchari- 

nu7n). 
Rock-milk,  n.    Calc-tuff,  agaric  mineral. 
Rock-oil,   «.       Petroleum,  rock-tar,  mineral   oil, 

naphtha,  Barbadoes  tar,  Seneca  oil,  stone  oil. 
Rock-rose,  n.     Frost-wort,  frost-weed  {Heliantke- 

mum  Canadensis). 
Rock-salt,  «.     Common  salt  {as  found  in  mines), 

mineral  salt. 
Rock-tar,  «.    See  Rock-oil. 
Rock-wood,  n.     Ligniform  asbestos. 
Rocky,  a.     I.    Hard,  stony,  flinty. 

2.   Obdurate,  stubborn,  hard. 
Rod,  n.     I.   Twig,  shoot,  slender  stem. 

2.  Wand,  slender  stick,  cane. 

3.  Switch,  scourge,  birch,  cudgel. 

4.  Pole,  perch. 

5.  Shoot,  branch  {of  a/atnily),  tribe,  race. 

6.  Wand,  sceptre. 
Rodent,  a.    Gnawing, 
Rodent;  «.     Gnawer. 
Rodentia,  «.  //•     Gnawers,  rodents. 
Rodomont,  «.     Braggart,  bully,  bombastic  fellow, 

vain  boaster,  braggadocio. 
Rodomontade,  «.      Blustering,  bluster,  boasting, 

bragging,  rant,  vam-glory,  gasconade. 
Rodomontade,  v.  n.      Boast,  brag,  bluster,  rant, 

swagger,  gasconade. 
Roe,  «.     I.   Roebuck  {Capreolus  Capraea). 

2.   Spawn  of  fishes,  sperm  of  fishes. 
Roebuck,  n.     See  RoE. 
Roestone,  «.    Oolite. 
Rogation,  «.     Litany,  supplication. 
Rogue,  «.     I.  Vagrant,  sturdy  beggar,  vagabond. 

2.  Knave,  villain,  swindler,  sharper,  cheat, 
trickster,  rascal,  scamp,  scoundrel,  scapegrace, 
caitiff,  picaroon. 

3.  Mischievous  fellow,  wag,  sly  fellow,  playful 
knave. 

Roguery,  «.    I.  Knavery,  rascality,  villany,  fraud, 
cheating,    dishonest    practices,    knavish    tricks, 
trickery,  swindling. 
2.   Waggery,  mischief,  arch  tricks. 
Sogllish,  a.      I.   Knavish,  dishonest,  fraudulent, 
trickish,  tricky. 

2.  Sportive,  arch,  mischievous,  waggish,  wan- 
ton. 
Roil,  V.  a.     I.   Make  turbid,  rile. 

2.  Vex,  disturb,  plague,  anger,  rile,  irritate, 
worry,  annoy,  bother. 

3.  Perplex. 

Roily,  a.    Turbid,  rily,  disturbed.  ^ 

Roisterer,  «.     Swaggerer,  bully,  rioter,  blustering 

fellow. 
Role,  «.     [Fr.]     Part,  character  {in  a  play). 
Roll,  V.  a.     I.   Turn,  make  revolve. 

2.  Whirl,  wheel,  revolve. 

3.  Revolve,  turn  about  {in  one''s  mind). 
A.   Wrap  round  {one  part  on  another). 

5.  Bind,  involve,  inwrap,  infold. 

6.  Press,  level,  smooth,  flatten. 

7.  Drive,  impel  forward. 

8.  Emit,  give  expression  to. 

9.  Wheel,  trundle. 

Roll,  V.  n.     I.  Revolve,  rotate,  turn,  wheel,  whirl, 
gyrate,  whirl  round,  go  round,  turn  round. 
2.  Run  on  wheels. 


3.   Revolve,  perform  a  revolution. 
4..   Turn,  move  circularly. 

5.  Rock  from  side  to  side,  be  tossed  about. 

6.  Move  (as  billows). 

7.  Fluctuate,  move  tumultuously. 

8.  Fall  over  and  over,  tumble. 

9.  Wallow,  welter,  tumble  about. 
10.   Run,  flow,  glide. 

Roll,  n.     I.   Volume,  scroll,  document. 

2.  Chronicle,  record,  history,  annals. 

3.  List,  register,  catalogue,  inventory,  schedule, 
official  document. 

4.  Loaf  of  bread  {small,  and  rolled  up  while 
in  the  dough). 

5.  Rocking  {as  of  a  vessel  in  a  heavy  sea). 

6.  Prolonged,  deep  sound. 

7.  Cylinder,  roller. 

8.  Round  mass. 

Rollicking,  a.  Frolicsome,  jolly,  frolicking,  play- 
ful, sportive,  lively,  frisky,  full  of  frolic,  swagger- 
ing, jovial. 

Romaic,  n.     Vernacular,  modern  Greek. 

Roman,  a.     I,   Of  Rome,  of  the  Romans. 

2.  Of  the  Latins,  of  ancient  Rome. 

3.  Noble,  distinguished,  brave,  hardy,   patri- 
otic. 

4.  Roman  Catholic,  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
religion. 

Roman,  «.     I.   Native  of  Rome. 
2.   Roman  Catholic. 

Roman  Catholic,  a.    Roman. 
Roman  Catholic, «.    Roman. 

Romance,  «.  I.  Novel,  tale,  story,  work  of  fic- 
tion. 

2.  Falsehood,  lie,  fiction,  fable. 

3.  Romanza,  ballad,  song. 
Romance,  a.     Romanic. 
Romanic,  a.     Romance. 

Romanism,  n.     Roman  Catholic  religion,  popery. 
Romanist,  a.     Roman  Catholic, 
Romanist,  n.     Roman  Catholic,  Romist. 
Romanize,  v.  a.     I.    Latinize. 
2.   Convert  to  Romanism. 
Romantic,   a.      I.     Fanciful,   imaginative,    ideal, 
extravagant,  fantastic,  wild. 

2.  Fictitious,   improbable,   chimerical,   imagi- 
nary, fantastic. 

3.  Wildly  picturesque,  fantastic. 
Romany,      \n.     I.   Gypsy. 
Rommany,  J         2.   Gypsy  language. 
Rome-penny, ) 

Romescot,        \  n.    Peter-pence,  fee  of  Rome. 

Romeshot,      ) 

Romish,  a.     Roman  Catholic. 

Romp,  n.     I.   Rude  girl. 

2.   Rude  play,  rude  frolic. 
Romp,   V.  n.      Frisk,   sport,  frolic  {rudely),  play 

boisterously. 
Rood,  «.      I.   Forty  square  rods,  fourth  part  of  an 

acre. 

2.  Rod,  pole,  perch. 

3.  Cross,  crucifix. 

Roof,  n.     I.  Cover  {of  a  house  or  of  a  building). 

2.  Cover,  canopy,  arch,  vault. 

3.  House. 

4.  Palate. 

Roof,  V.  a.     I.   Cover  {with  a  roof). 

2.   Shelter,  enclose  in  a  house. 
Rook,  »,     I.   Castle  (/«  cA^m). 

2.   Cheat,  trickish  fellow. 
Rook,  V.  n.     I.    Cheat,  defraud,  rob,  ruck,  cower. 

2.   Squat,  sit  close. 
Rook,  V.  a.     Cheat,  defraud  by  cheating,  castle  at 

chess. 
Room,  n.     I.    Space,  extent,  expanse,  scope,  com- 
pass, field,  range,  sweep,  swing,  play,  latitude. 

2.   Place,  stead. 


ROOMY 


861 


ROUND 


3.  Apartment,  chamber. 

4.  Chance,  opportunity,  occasion. 

5.  Unoccupied  space,  unoccupied  place. 
Roomy,  a.     Spacious,  capacious,  large,  wide,  ex- 
tensive, ample,  broad. 

Roost,  «.     Perch. 
Roost,  V.  n.     I.    Perch. 

2.   Lodge,  settle. 
Rooster,  n.     [U.  S.^    Cock,  chanticleer. 
Root,  «.     I.   Bottom,  base,  foundation,  lower  part. 

2.  Cause,  origin,  source,  occasion,  parent. 

3.  Radical,   radix,    etymon,    primitive    word, 
stem. 

4.  First  ancestor. 
Root,  V.  n.     Take  root 

Root,  V.  a.     I.   Implant,  set,  fix,  fasten. 

2.  Establish,  confirm,  sink  deep,  plant  deeply. 

3.  Eradicate,  tear  out,  exterminate,  extirpate, 
destroy  utterly,  remove  utterly. 

4.  Dig,  burrow  with  the  snout. 

Rooted,  a.     Fixed,  deep,  radical,  coufirmed,  estab- 
lished. 

Rootlet,  n.     Radicle,  small  root 

Root-stock,  «.    {Bot.)     Rhizoma,  root-like  stem. 

Rope,  V.  a.     I.   Draw  as  by  a  rope,  fasten,  tie. 
2.    Pull,  curb  in,  restram. 

Rope,  V  n.     Be  ropy  or  viscous. 

Rope-dancer,  «.     Acrobate,  funambulist. 

Rope  of  sand.     Feeble  tie. 

Ropy,  a.       Viscous,  viscid,   glutinous,  tenacious, 
stringy,  adhesive. 

Rosary,  «•     I.    Chaplet,  garland. 

2.  Rose-garden,  rosery. 

3.  String  of  beads  for  counting  prayers. 
Roseate,  a.      I.    Rosy,  blushing,  blooming,  rose- 
colored. 

2.   Full  of  roses. 

Rosebay,  «.     Rhododendron. 

Rose-chafer,   «.      Rose-beetle,   rose-fly  {Cetonia 
aurata), 

Rose-cold,  «.     Hay-fever,  rose-fever. 

Rose-color,  n.     Pink. 

Rose-colored,  a.     I.   Rosy,  roseate,  pink. 

2.    Uncommonly  beautiful,  extravagantly  fine, 
pleasing. 

Rosed,  a.     Crimsoned,  flushed,  rosy. 

Rose-elder,  «     Gelder-rose,  snowball-tree  (  Vibur- 
nutn  opulus). 

Rose-fever,  «.     Hay-fever,  rose-cold. 

Rose-fish,  n.     Norway  haddock. 

Rose-fly,  n.      Rose-beetle,   rose-chafer  {Cetonia 
aurata). 

Roseola,  n.     Rose-rash,  scarlet  rash. 

Rose-red,  a.     Rose-colored,  roseate,  ruddy. 

Rosin,  «.     Colophony,  resin  {from  the  pine). 

Rossignol,  n.      Nightingale,  philomel,  philomela 
{Luscinia  philomela). 

Rostrum,  n.     Platform,  stage. 

Rosy,  a.     Blooming,  ruddy,  blushing,  rosy,  roseate, 
rose-colored,  red,  flushed. 

Rot,  n.      Putrefaction,  corruption,  decomposition, 
decay. 

Rot,  V.  n.     I.  Putrefy,  corrupt,  decompose,  decay, 
spoil. 
2.    Moulder,  rust. 

Rotary,  a.     Whirling,  rotating,  rotatory,  turning. 

Rotate,  V.  n.       Revolve,   wheel,   whirl,  turn,   go 
round,  turn  rouna. 

Rotation,   n.      Succession,  order,  series,    course 
round. 

Rotatory,  a.     Whirling,  rotating,  rotary. 

Rote,  n.     I.    Repetition. 
2.    Rvki  {o/ the  sea). 

Rotten,  a.      I.    Putrid,  corrupt,  carious,  decom- 
posed, putrefied,  decaying,  decayed,  fetid,  putres- 
cent, foul. 
2.   Unsound,  defective. 


3.  Treacherous,  deceitful,  untrustworthy,  cor- 
rupt, unsound. 

4.  Fetid,  ill-smelling,  rank. 
Rotund,  a.     Round,  spherical,  globular. 
Rotundity,  «.     Roundness,  sphericity,  rotundness, 

globosity. 

Rotundness,  «.    See  Rotundity. 

Rotorier,  «.     [Fr,]     Plebeian,  commoner. 

Rou6,  n.  [Fr.]  Rake,  debauchee,  profligate,  dis- 
solute man. 

Rouge-et-noir, «.  [Fr.]  Trente-un,trente-ei-qua- 
rante. 

Rough,  a.  I.  Uneven,  rugged,  craggy,  cragged, 
jagged,  scraggy,  scabrous. 

2.  Unhewn,  unwrought,  unfashioned,  formless, 
shapeless. 

3.  Unpolished  (fu  a  gem),  uncut,  unfinished. 

4.  Shaggy,     hairy,     coarse,     hirsute,     bristly, 
ragged,  disordered. 

5.  Coarse,  indelicate,  rude,  uncivil,   impolite, 
ungracious,  bearish,  churlish,  gruff. 

6.  Harsh,  sharp,  severe,  violent. 

7.  Tart,  sour,  crabbed,  hard. 

8.  Inharmonious,  discordant,  jarring,  unmusi- 
cal, scabrous,  grating. 

9.  Tempestuous,  boisterous,  stormy,  inclement. 

10.  Wild,  boisterous,  untamed. 

11.  Rugged,  harsh,   austere,   uncourteous,  un- 
polished, blunt,  bluff,  unrefined,  burly. 

12.  Harsh,    severe,    uncivil,    unfeeling,   hard, 
cruel. 

13.  Rude,  unpolished. 

14.  Vague,  crude. 

Rough,  n.     Rowdy,  ruffian,  bully,  coarse  fellow. 
Rough  breathing.    Aspirate. 
Rough  draught.     Sketch,  outline,  rude  sketch. 
Roughness,  «.     I.    Unevenness,  ruggedness. 

2.  Harshness,  rudeness,  coarseness,  incivility, 
gruffness,  bluntness,  impoliteness. 

3.  Acerbity,  unsavonness,  astringency,  harsh- 
ness. 

4.  Storminess,    boisterousness,    tempestuous- 
ness,  inclemency,  violence. 

5.  Violence,  severity. 

6.  Inelegance,  coarseness. 

7.  Discord. 
Ronnd,  a.     I.    Circular. 

2.  Spherical,  globular,  orbicular,  rotund,  orbed. 

3.  Cylindrical. 

4.  Full,  complete,  entire,  unbroken,  whole. 

5.  Large,  great  considerable. 

6.  Plump,  chubby,  corpulent,  stout,  full,  swel- 
ling. 

7.  Smooth,  continuous,  flowing,  full,  harmoni- 
ous. 

8.  Quick,  brisk,  full. 

9.  Plain,  fair,  candid,  open,  upright,  honest, 
frank. 

Round,  n.     I.   Cycle,  revolution. 

2.  Circular  dance. 

3.  Circle,  sphere,  cylinder,  globe. 

4.  Rotation,  established  succession. 

5.  Rundle,  step. 

6.  Circuit,  compass,  perambulation,  tour. 

7.  Rung  {of  a  ladder). 
Round,  ad.     I.   Around,  on  all  sides. 

2.  Circularly,  in  a  circle,  in  a  circuit. 

3.  Not  directly,  circuitously. 

4.  In  circumference. 

5.  Through  a  circle. 

6.  From  first  to  last. 

Round, /r^/.     I.    Around,  circularly,  about 

2.    All  over,  in  all  parts  of. 
Round,  V.  a.     I.    Make  circular,  make  spherical, 
make  cylindrical. 

2.  Surround,  encircle,  encompass. 

3.  Make  full,  finish  off,  make  complete. 


ROUNDABOUT 


862 


RUFFIAN 


4.  Move  about,  go  round. 

5.  Make  full,  make  smooth. 
Ronndabout,  a.     I.   Indirect,  tortuous,  circuitous. 

2.  Ample,  extensive,  broad. 

3.  Encompassing,  encircling. 
Rotmdat)OUt,  «.     I.   Merry-go-round. 

2.  Round  jacket,  surtout. 

3.  Circuitous  way,  way  round. 

4.  Circular  dance 

5.  Orb,  sphere,  globe. 
Round-backed,  a.     Round-shouldered. 
Roundhead,   «.     Puritan. 

Roundly,  ad.  I.  Openly,  plainly,  boldly,  without 
reserve,  peremptorily. 

2.  Briskly,  swiftly,  speedily. 

3.  Completely,  vigorously,   in   earnest,  to  the 
purpose. 

Roundness,  «.  I.  Sphericity,  circularity,  rotund- 
ness,  rotundity,  globosity,  globularity,  globular- 
ness,  orbicularness,  cylindricity,  fulness,  plump- 
ness. 

2.  Fulness,  smoothness  of  flow. 

3.  Openness,  plainness,  boldness,  positiveness. 
Rouse,  V.  a.     I.  Awaken,  wake,  waken,  arouse. 

2.  Animate,   kindle,   enkindle,    stimulate,  ex- 
cite, provoke,  stir  up. 

3.  Put  in  commotion,  agitate. 

4.  Startle,  surprise,  drive  from  cover. 
Rouse,  V.  n.    I.   Rise,  stand  up,  stand  erect. 

2.   Awake,  wake,  get  up,  start  up. 
Rout,  n.     I.   Defeat,  discomfiture,  ruin,  complete 
overthrow. 

2.  Concourse,   rabble,   multitude,   tumultuous 
crowd,  clamorous  multitude. 

3.  Fashionable  assembly,  evening  party. 

4.  Uproar,  brawl,  disturbance,  noise. 

Rout,  V.    a.     I.   Defeat,    discomfort,    overthrow, 

overpower,  beat,  conquer. 
2.   Dispel,  chase  away,  drive  away,  rout  out, 

turn  out,  search  thoroughly. 
Route,  n.     Way,  path,  passage,  course,  road. 
Routine,   «.      Practice,    custom,   round,   ordinary 

way,  wont,  course,  order. 
Rove,  V.  n.     Roam,  ramble,  stroll,  range,  wander, 

stray,  straggle. 
Rover,  «.     I.   Rambler,  wanderer,  straggler,  bird 

of  passage. 

2.  Robber,  pirate,  freebooter. 

3.  Fickle  person,  inconstant  person. 
Row,  ft.     Rank,  hne,  file. 

Row,  «.  {Collog.)  Broil,  tumult,  uproar,  riot, 
commotion,  squabble,  outbreak,  quarrel,  affray, 
disturbance,  altercation,  brawl. 

Rowan-tree,  «.  European  mountain-ash,  fowler's 
service-tree,  roan-tree,  roun-tree,  royne-tree. 

Rowdy,     n.      {Collog.)     Rough,    bully,     ruffian, 
coarse  fellow. 
/^    Rowdy,     a.    {Collog.)      I,   Disreputable,     black- 
guard, rough. 
2.   Flashy,  coarsely  showy. 

Rowel,  «.     Goad,  spur. 

Rowen,  n.    Aftermath,  eddish,  lattermath,  rovvett. 

Royal,  a.     I.    Kinglv,  regal,  imperial. 

2.  Magnificent,  kingly,  princely,   august,  ma- 
jestic, kinglike,  grand,  splendid,  superb. 

3.  Noble,  generous,  dignified,  magnanimous. 

4.  Imperial,  monarchical,  regal. 
Royalty,  «.     I.    Kingship,  sovereignty. 

2.  Kingliness. 

3.  Majesty. 

4.  Percentage  {as  on  copyright). 

5.  Kingdom,  domain,  sphere,  province. 
Rub,  V.  a.     I.   Abrade,  scrape,  chafe,  grate. 

2.  Wipe,  clean,  scour. 

3.  Smooth. 

4>    Chafe,  fret,  gall,  touch  hard. 
S.   Spread,  put,  apply,  smear. 


Rub,  V.  H.     I.   Grate,  chafe. 

2.    Fret,  chafe,  make  friction. 
Rub,  «      I.    Rubbing,  friction. 

2.  Collision,  obstruction,  hindrance. 

3.  Obstacle,  difficulty,  embarrassment,  per- 
plexity, dilemma,  pinch,  hardship. 

4.  Taunt,  gibe,  sarcasm,  jeer,  severe  rebuke. 
Rub-a-dub,  «.     Clatter,  din,  incessant  noise. 
Rubber,  «.    Caoutchouc,  india-rubber,  gum-elastic 
Rubbing,  ».     Attrition,  abrasion,  friction. 
Rubbish,  ».     I.   Ruins,  fragments,  refuse,  dibris. 

2,  Litter,  lumber^  trash,  orts,  dross,  dregs, 
scum,  scoria,  sweepmgs,  refuse. 

3.  Confusion,  mmgled  mass. 
Rubeola,  «.   (Med)    Measles. 
Rubicund,  a.     Ruddy,  reddish,  red,  florid. 
Rubicundlty,  n.    Ruddiness,  reddishness,  redness. 
Rub  Olf.     Abrade,  wear  away. 

Rub  out.    Efface,  erase,  obliterate,  expunge,  cancel, 

wipe  out. 
Ruby-blend,  n.    Red  blende,  red  sulphuret  of 

zinc. 
Ruck,  V.  ft.     Squat,  cower,  crouch,  lie  close,  take 

shelter,  rook. 
Ruck,  V.  a.     Wrinkle,  crease. 
Rudder-fish, «.    Pilot-fish. 
Ruddiness,  ft.    Redness,  reddishness,  floridness. 

UddS^M"-    Robin-redbreast. 
Ruddy,  a.     Reddish,  florid,  of  a  red  color. 
Rude,   a.      I.   Rough,    rugged,    coarse,    uneven, 

shapeless,    unfashioned,    unformed,    unwrought, 

crude,  ill-formed. 

2.  Artless,  unpolished,  raw,  inelegant,  crude, 
rustic. 

3.  Coarse,  uncouth,  vulvar,  clownish,  loutish, 
boorish,  ungraceful,  uncivilized,  untrained,  un- 
skilful, unskilled,  untutored,  untaught,  undis- 
ciplined, ignorant,  barbarous,  illiterate,  savage. 

4.  Uncivil,  uncourteous,  brusk,  rough,  coarse, 
blimt,  bluff,  impolite,  impudent,  impertinent, 
saucy,  insolent,  insulting,  ill-bred,  surly,  currish, 
gruff,  churlish,  brutal,  uncivilized,  barbarous, 
savage. 

5.  Violent,  fierce,  impetuous,  inclement,  bois- 
terous, tumultuous,  harsh,  severe,  turbulent. 

6.  Fierce,  impetuous,  violent. 

Rudeness,  ft.  I.  Roughness,  ruggedness,  uneven- 
ness. 

2.  Artlessness,  inelegance. 

3.  Ignorance,  uncouthness,  barbarousness, 
clownishness. 

4.  Coarseness,  incivility,  impoliteness,  inso- 
lence, impertinence,  pertness,  sauciness,  surliness, 
gruffness,  churlishness,  currishness,  presumption, 
effrontery,  face,  assurance,  brass,  ill-breeding. 

5.  Violence,  boisterousness,  severity,  inclem- 
ency, tempestuousness,  storminess. 

6.  Violence,  impetuosity,  fierceness. 
Rudiment,   «.     I.    Embryo,   rude  state,   starting- 
point. 

2.    Element,  first  principle,  essential  point. 

Rudimental,  a.     I.    Embryonic,  rudimentary. 
2.    Elementary,  primary,  initial. 

Rudimentary,  a.     See  Rudimental. 

Rue,  V.  a.  Regret,  deplore,  lament,  repent  of,  be 
sorry  for,  grieve  for. 

RueftU,  a.  I.  Doleful,  mournful,  woful,  sorrow- 
ful, lamentable. 

2,  Melancholy,  sad,  sorrowful,  piteous,  pitiful, 
grievous,  lugubrious,  dismal. 

Ruff,  ft.     Ruffle. 

Ruffian,  ft.  Villain,  miscreant,  caitiff,  rascal, 
scoundrel,  wretch,  monster,  robber,  cut-throat, 
murderer. 

Ruffian,  a.  Savage,  brutal,  savagely  boisterous, 
tumultuous,  raging,  violent. 


RUFFIANISM 


363 


RUNAWAY 


Ruffianism,  n.  Brutality,  rascality,  blackguard- 
ism, scoundrelism. 

Ruffle,  V.  a.  I.  Disarrange,  damage,  disorder, 
rumple,  derange. 

2.  Discompose,  disquiet,  trouble,  vex,  torment, 
molest,  plague,  worry,  harass,  disturb,  agitate, 
confuse,  excite. 

3.  Gather  into  folds,  wrinkle,  cockle,  pucker. 

4.  Surprise. 

5.  Amass,  pile,  heap. 

Ruffle,  V.  n.     I.    Flutter,  play  loosely. 

2.    Swagger,  put  on  airs. 
Ruffle,  n.     I.   Ruff,  frill,  edging. 

2.    Bustle,  disturbance,  commotion,  contention, 
tumult,    confusion,   perturbation,   flutter,   flurry, 
agitation,  fluster,  hurry-skurry. 
Ragged,  a.    I.   Rough,  craggy,  cragged,  uneven, 
irregular,  scraggy. 

2.  Uneven,  ragged,  coarse. 

3.  Rough,  bristly,  shas:gy. 

4.  Rough,  harsh,  crabbed,  austere,  hard, rude, 
severe. 

5.  Tempestuous,  turbulent,  stormy,  rude,  bois- 
terous, inclement- 

6.  Harsh,  inharmonious,  grating,  unmusical, 
scabrous. 

7.  Wrinkled,  frowning,  surly,  sour,  discom- 
posed, ruffled. 

8.  Rude,  boisterous,  violent,  tumultuous. 
Snggedness,   n.     I.   Roughness,   unevenness,  as- 
perity. 

2.  Harshness,  severity,  rigor,  roughness, 
coarseness,  rudeness,   surliness. 

3.  Boisterousness,  storminess,  inclemency, 
turbulence,   tempestuousness. 

Rugose,  a.     Wrinkled,  rugous. 

Rugous,  a.    See  Rugose. 

RuUl,  »■  I.  Destruction,  discomfiture,  overthrow, 
defeat,  wreck,  perdition,  fall,  downfall,  prostra- 
tion, subversion,  undoing,  shipwreck. 

2.  Bane,  pest,  mischief,  destruction,  perdition. 

3.  Wreck. 

Ruin,  V.  a.  I.  Destroy,  demolish,  overthrow, 
subvert,  overturn,  overwhelm,  defeat,  ruinate. 

2.  Impoverish,  bring  to  want,  reduce  to 
poverty. 

Ruinate,  v.  a.     I.   Ruin,  destroy,  demolish,  sub- 
vert, reduce  to  ruin. 
2.   Reduce  to  poverty. 

Ruination,  n.  Demolition,  destruction,  subver- 
sion, overthrow,  ruin. 

Ruinous,  a.     I._  Decayed,  dilapidated,  demolished. 
2.   Destructive,    pernicious,    baneful,   noxious, 
noisome,  calamitous,  wasteful,  mischievous. 

Ruins,  n.  pi.     Remains. 

Kule,  n.  I.  Command,  control,  domination,  do- 
minion, lordship,  mastership,  mastery,  govern- 
ment, empire,  sway,  direction,  authority. 

2.  Behavior,  conduct. 

3.  Method,  regularity,  order. 

4.  Precept,  law,  canon,  maxim,  aphorism, 
formula,  test,  criterion,  standard,  touchstone. 

5.  Order,  ruling,  prescription,  regulation, 
guide,   precept. 

6.  Ruler. 

Rule,  V.  a.  I.  Govern,  command,  control,  con- 
duct, manage,  bridle,  restrain,  direct,  lead. 

2.  Guide,  advise,  persuade,  prevail  on. 

3.  Settle,  eiiablish 

4.  {Law.)    Determine,  decide 

Rule,  V.  n.  I.  Command,  govern,  have  command, 
have  control,  exerc'se  supreme  authority. 

2.  Prevail,  decide. 

3.  Settle,  decide,  establish. 

Ruler,  n.    I.   Governor,  sovereign,  monarch,  king, 
lord,  master. 
2.   Director,  manager. 


3.  Rule. 

Ruling,  a.      I.   Governing,  controlling,  reigning, 
chief. 
2.   Predominant,  prevailing,  prevalent 

Rumex, «.  (Bot.)    Dock. 

Ruminate,  v.  n.     I.    Chew  the  cud. 

2.    Muse,    meditate,    ponder,   cogitate,  think, 
reflect. 

Ruminate,  v.  a.  Meditate,  chew,  muse  on,  reflect 
upon,  ponder  upon,  think  about,  brood  over, 
chew  the  cud  upon. 

Rumination,  ».  Musing,  meditation,  reflection, 
cogitation,  pondering. 

Rummage,  v.  a.  Search,  examine,  explore,  ran- 
sack. 

Rummage,  v.  n.     Make  a  search. 

Rummage,  n.     Search,  examination,  exploration. 

Rumor,  ».     I.   Report,  talk,  bruit,  gossip,  hearsay. 

2.  Flying  report,  common  voice,  town  talk. 

3.  Report,  story,  news,  tidings,  bruit. 

4.  Fame,  reputation,  celebrity,  repute. 
Rumor,  v.  a.    Report,  tell,  bruit,  circulate,  spread 

abroad,  noise  abroad. 
Romp,  n.     Buttocks. 
Rumple,  V.  a.     Wrinkle,  crumple,   crease,   crush, 

pucker,  corrugate. 
Rumple,  «.      Wrinkle,  crumple,  pucker,   rimple, 

crease,  corrugation,  fold. 
Rumpus,   «.      {Colloq.)     Riot,  brawl,   confusion, 

tumult,     uproar,    squabble,    outbreak,     quarrel, 

feud,  aflfi-ay,  disturbance,  altercation,  row. 
Run,  V.  n.     I.   Race,  step  quickly,  move  swiftly. 

2.  Haste,  hasten,  hie,  hurry,  scud,  scamper, 
scour,  speed,  post,  trip. 

3.  Flow,  glide,  move,  go,  proceed,  stream,  roll 
on,  move  on. 

4.  Fuse,  melt,  become  fluid,  be  fusible. 

5.  Pass,  proceed,  advance,  elapse,  vanish. 

6.  Spread,  extend. 

7.  Continue,  proceed,  go,  pass,  press. 

8.  Tend,  incline,  make  transition. 

9.  Extend,  stretch,  lie. 

10.   Steal  away,  depart  privately. 
Run,  V.  a.     I.   Pierce,  stab. 

2.  Push,  thrust,  put  with  force. 

3.  Force,  drive. 

4.  Fuse,  melt. 

5.  Make,  force,  bring. 

6.  Shape,  form,  mould,  cast. 

7.  Incur,  be  liable  to,  fall  into,  be  exposed  to, 
encounter. 

8.  Venture,  hazard,  risk. 

9.  Break  through,  evade,  smuggle. 

10.  Pursue  in  thought,  carry  in  contemplation, 
trace  by  reflection. 

11.  Determine,  mark  out. 

12.  Pursue,  follow,  perform,  take. 

13.  Pour  forth,  emit,  let  flow,  discharge. 

14.  Cause  to  ply,  maintain. 
Run,  n.     I.    Running. 

2.  Current,   progress,    course,   flow,  passage, 
motion. 

3.  Continued  course,  continued  success,  cur- 
rency, popularity. 

4.  Trip,  excursion,  journey. 

5.  Clamor,  outcry,  protest,  popular  censure. 

6.  Pressure,  demand,  urgent  application. 

7.  Generality,  people  or  things  as  they  are, 
people  or  things  of  average  quality. 

8.  Brook,   streamlet,   runlet,    runnel,   rivulet, 
rill,  small  stream,  burn. 

Run  after.     I.   Follow,  pursue,  chase,  course. 

2.   Search  for,  try  to  find,  hunt. 
Run  a  rig.    Play  a  sportive  trick,   engage   in  a 

frolic. 
Run  away.     Flee,  fly,  escape,  elope. 
Runaway,  ».     Fugitive,  deserter. 


RUN  DOWN 


864 


SACRIFICE 


Ron  down.  I.  Catch  by  chasing,  chase  to  weari- 
ness. 

2.  Run  against  and  sink. 

3.  Crush,  overthrow,  overbear,  overwhelm, 

4.  Decry,    disparage,     depreciate,    coudemn, 
traduce,  cry  down. 

Rung,  n.     Round  {o/  a  ladder). 

Run  in  debt.     Get  into  debt,  get  credit,  contract 

debts,  become  involved. 
Runlet)  n.     Brook,  run,  small  stream. 
Runnel,  «.     {Rare.)    Run,  rivulet. 
Runner,  «.    I.   Racer. 

2.   Messenger,  courier. 
Run  on.     Continue,  hold  on,  be  continued. 
Runout.    {Active.)   I.   Extend,  thrust  out,  push 

out. 
2.   Waste,  exhaust,  expend. 
Runout.     {Neuter.)    I.   Expire,  be  at  end. 

2.  Be  wasted,  be  exhausted. 

3.  Spread,  expatiate. 

4.  Stop. 

Run  over.     {Active.)     I.   Passover. 
2.    Recount  {cursorily). 

Run  over.     (Neuter.)    Overflow. 

Run  riot.     I.   Go  to  excess. 
2.   Grow  luxuriantly. 

Run  the  hazard.    See  Run  the  risk. 

Run  the  risk.  Take  the  chance,  risk  it,  run  the 
hazard. 

Run  through.     I.   Pierce,  penetrate,  stab. 
2.   Waste,  expend,  exhaust,  dissipate. 

Run  together.     Unite,  mingle. 

Run  to  seed.  Be  worn  out,  go  to  waste,  be  im- 
poverished. 

Run  up.     Grow,  swell,  increase,  rise. 

Rupture,  «.  I.  Breach,  fracture,  disruption, 
break,  burst,  dissolution. 

2.  Quarrel,  feud,  contention,  hostility. 

3.  See  Hernia. 
Rupture,  v.  a.     Break,  burst. 
Rural,  a      Rustic,  pastoral,  country. 
Ruralize,  v.  «.     Rusticate. 

Ruse,  «.  [Fr.]  Stratagem,  trick,  artifice,  wile, 
manoeuvre,  fraud,  deceit,  deception,  imposture, 
chouse,  sham,  fetch,  clap-trap,  crafty  device. 

Rush,  n.     I.    Straw,  farthing,  copper,  trifle. 
2.   Driving  on,  violent  course. 


3.   Eager  demand,  run. 
Rush,  v.  ft.     Career,  push  on,  press  on. 
Rush  out.     I.    Issue,  flow,  flow  out. 

2.   Press  out,  hurry  out,  go  out  with  a  rush. 
Russet,  a.     I.    Reddish-brown. 

2.   Coarse,  rustic,  homespun. 
Rust,  n.     I.    Hydrated  peroxide  of  iron. 

2.   Mildew,  blight,  must,  mustiness,  mould. 
Rust,   z'.  n.      I.   Gather  rust,  become  rusty,  be 
oxidized. 

2.   Decay,    degenerate,    grow    dull,    become 
sluggish. 
RUSUC,  a.     I._  Rural,  country. 

2.  Countrified,  unpolished,  uncouth,  clownish, 
inelegant,  hoiden,  hoidenish,  rough,  awkward, 
untaught,  rude,  outlandish,  boorish. 

3.  Simple,  plain,  coarse,  unadorned,  homely, 
countrified. 

4.  Simple,  artless,  honest,  unsophisticated 
Rustic,  n.      Swain,   peasant,  clown,   boor,   hind, 

countryman. 
Rusticate,  v.  «.     Dwell  or  reside  in  the  country. 
Rusticity,      n.     Rudeness,    coarseness,     artless- 

ness,  simplicity,  boorishness,  clownishness. 
Rustle,  n.     Rustling. 
Rustling,  a.     Whispering,  susurrous. 
Rusty,  a.     I.   Covered  with  rust,  affected  with 

rust. 

2.  Musty,  fusty,  mildewed,  rubiginous. 

3.  Dull,  sluggish. 

4.  Rough,  hoarse,  grating,  unmusical. 
Rut,  «.     I.   Track  of  a  wheel,  furrow. 

2.   Rote  {of  the  sea). 

Ruta-haga,  n.  Swedish  turnip  (Brassica  cam- 
pestris). 

Ruth,  n.     Mercy,  pity,  compassion,  tenderness. 

Ruthful,  a.  Merciful,  compassionate,  pitiful, 
tender. 

Ruthfully,  ad.  Wofully,  sadly,  mournfully, 
piteously. 

Ruthless,  a.  Merciless,  pitiless,  cruel,  uncom- 
passionate,  unpitying,  unmerciful,  relentless,  un- 
relenting, unsparing,  inexorable,  barbarous,  fell, 
savage,  ferocious,  inhuman,  hard-hearted,  trucu- 
lent. 

Rye-grass,  «.  Ray-grass,  common  darnel  (Lolium 
perenne). 


Sahaoth,  ». //.     fHeb]    Hosts,  arimes 

Sabbath,  «.    I.  [With  The  prefixed.]    Lord's  day, 
the  day  of  rest,  the  Christian  sabbath,  first  day 
of  the  week  {among  Christians),  seventh  day  of 
the  week  {among  Jews). 
2.    Rest,  repose,  time  of  rest. 

Sabbatism,  «.     Rest,  intermission  of  labor. 

Sabine,  «.     Savin  {Juniperiis  Sabina). 

Sable,    «.     I.  Zibelline,    marten    {Mustela    zibel- 
Una)- 

2.   Pine    marten,    American    sable     {Mustela 
abietum). 

Sable,  a.     Dark,  dusky,  sombre,  ebon,  black. 

Sabre,  «.     Cavalry  sword,  dragoon's  sword,   fal- 
chion. 

Sabulous,  a.     Sandy,  gritty. 

Saccharine,  a.     Sugary,  sweet. 

Sacerdotal,  a.     Priestly. 

Sacerdotalism,  «.     Priest-craft. 

Sachem,  n      American  Indian  chief,  sagamore. 

Sack,  n.     I.    Bag,  pouch. 

2.   Spoliation,  destruction,  desolation,  devasta- 


tion,  havoc,    waste,    ravage,    sackage,    despoil- 
ment. 

3.  Booty,  spoil,  plunder. 

4.  Sherry,  sherry  wine. 

Sack,  V.   a.     Ravage,    despoil,    devastate,    spoil, 
plunder,  pillage,  take  by  storm. 

Sacrament,  «•     I.    Rite,  ceremony,  solemnity. 
2.   [With     The    prefixed.]     Eucharist,    com- 
munion, Lord's  Supper. 

Sacred,    a.       I.     Hallowed,    holy,     consecrated, 
divine. 

2.  Religious. 

3.  Dedicated,  devoted,  consecrated. 

4.  Inviolable,  inviolate. 

5.  Venerable,  sainted. 

Sacredly,  ad.     Inviolably,  strictly,  religiously. 
Sacredness,  «.     I.    Holiness,  sai  ctity. 

2.    Inviolableness,  inviolability. 
Sacrifice,  v.  a.     I.    Immolate,  offer  up. 

2.  Surrender,  give  up,  forego. 

3.  Destroy,  kill. 

Sacrifice,  «•     I.   Consecratory  rite. 


SACRILEGE 


365 


SALMIS 


2.  Offering,  oblation,  immolation. 

3.  Surrender,  destruction,  loss,  devotion  with 
loss. 

4.  Loss. 

Sacrilege,  «.     Profanation,  desecration,  violation. 
Sacrilegious^   a.      Irreverent,   impious,    profane, 

desecrating. 
Sacring-bell,  «.     Saints'  bell,  mass-bell,  sanctus- 

beil. 
Sacrist,  n.     Sacristan,  sexton. 
Sacristan,  «.     Sexton,  sacrist,  vestry-keeper. 
Sacristy,  «.     Vestry,  vestry-room. 
Sad,  <z.     I.   Close,  firm,  cohesive. 

2.  Serious,  sedate,  grave,  staid,  sober,  sombre, 
saturnine. 

3.  Sorrowful,  melancholy,  mournful,  down- 
cast, afflictedj  heavy,  disconsolate,  despondent, 
depressed,  dejected,  cheerless. 

4.  Gloomy,  dismal,  doleful,  mournful,  lugubri- 
ous, woe-begone,  dull. 

5.  Grievous,  afflictive,  calamitous,  disastrous, 
dire,  deplorable. 

6.  Bad,  naughty,  vexatious,  wicked,  trouble- 
some, mischievous. 

7.  Dark,  sombre. 

Saddle,  V.  a.     I.    Put  a  saddle  on. 

2.   Load,  burden,  encumber,  clog,  charge. 
Saddle-cloth,  «.     Housing. 

Saddle-horse, «.    Palfi-ey. 
Sad-hearted,  a.     Sorrowful,  melancholy. 
Sad-iron,  «.     Flat-iron,  smoothing-iron. 
Sadly,  ad.     I.   Sorrowfully,  mournfully,  miserably, 
grievously. 

2.  Badly,  afflictively,  calamitously. 

3.  Darkly. 

4.  Seriously,  soberly,  gravely. 

Sadness,  «.  I.  Sorrow,  despondency,  sorrowful- 
ness, moumfulness,  melancholy,  depression,  de- 
jection. 

2.  Gloominess,  moumfulness,  heaviness,  grief, 
sorrow,  dolefulness. 

3.  Seriousness,  sedateness,  gravity. 

Safe,  a.  I.  Unharmed,  undamaged,  unscathed, 
unhurt. 

2.  Protected,  guarded,  secure. 

3.  Trusty,  trustworthy,  reliable,  sure. 

4.  Sound,  whole,  good. 

Safe,  ft.     I.    Place  of  safety,  secure  place. 

2.  Coffer,  chest,  strong  box. 
Safe-conduct,  «.     I.   Escort,  convoy,  safeguard, 
protection. 

2.   Pass,  passport,  warrant  of  security,  safe- 
guard. 
Safeguard,  «.     I.  Defence,  protection,  security. 

2.  Convoy,  escort,  safe-conduct,  guard. 

3.  Pass,  passport,  safe-conduct. 
Safeguard,  v.  a.     Guard,  protect. 
Safe-keeping,  «.     Preservation,  guardianship. 
Safely,  aJ.     I.   In  safety. 

2.  Securely,  carefully,  in  close  custody. 
Safety,  «.     I.    Security. 

2.  Preservation. 

3.  Safeness. 

4.  Preservation,  close  custody. 

iafetJ-bSoy, !  "•    ^'^=-^^'''  "^-P''^^'^"- 

Saffron,  a.    Yellow. 

Saffron,  v.  a.     Gild,  make  yellow. 

Sa?,  V.  n.  Bend  {by  force  of  gravity),  settle, 
swag,  give  way. 

Saga,  n.  Scandinavian  legend,  tradition,  tale,  his- 
tory. 

Sagacious,  a.     I.   Quick-scented,  quick  of  scent. 
2.    Discerning,  intelligent,   rational,  judicious, 
sage,  shrewd,  acute,  apt,  keen,  able,  perspica- 
cious,   wise,    sharp-witted,    keen-witted,    keen- 
sighted,  clear-sighted,  long-headed. 


3.  Sage,  wise,  enlightened,  gifted,  sapient. 

4.  Intelligent  (Jrt/V/^aw/>«a/.y). 
Sagaciousness,  ».     Sagacity. 

Sagacity,  n.  I.  Sagaciousness,  quickness  of 
scent. 

2.  Shrewdness,  acuteness,  sharpness,  astute- 
ness, penetration,  ingenuity,  discernment,  perspi- 
cacity, sense,  insight,  mother-wit,  quickness, 
readiness,  wisdom. 

Sage,  a.  I.  Wise,  sagacious,  sapient,  discerning, 
shrewd,  acute,  intelligent,  sensible,  prudent. 

2.  Prudent,  judicious,  well-judged. 

3.  Serious,  grave,  solemn. 
Sage,  «.     Philosopher,  wise  man. 

Sa.^ttaiy,  «•  {Myihol-)  Centaur,  archer,  bowman. 
Said,  a.     I.   Declared,  uttered,  reported,  related. 

2.   Aforesaid,  before-mentioned. 
Sail,  V.  n.    I.   Make  sail,  put  to  sea,  get  under 
way,  set  sail,  begin  a  voyage. 

2.  Pass  by  water. 

3.  Swim. 

4.  Fly  smoothly. 

5.  Glide,  float. 
Sail,  V.  a.     Navigate. 
Sail-cloth,  n.     Duck,  canvas. 

Sailor,  n.     Seaman,  mariner,   seafarer,  seafaring 

man. 
Sail  round.    Circumnavigate. 
Saint,  n.     Holy  person. 
Sainted,^.  I.  Consecrated,sacred, holy, hallowed. 

2.  Canonized. 

3.  Holy,  pious,  virtuous. 

Saint  John's  bread.  Carob-tree,  Algaroba-tree, 
locust-tree  {Ceratonia  siltqua). 

Saintly,  a.  Holy,  devout,  pious,  religious,  godly, 
heavenly-minded. 

Saint-Simonianism,  «.  Fourierism,  phalansteri- 
anism,  humanitarianism,  socialism. 

Saint  Vitus's  dance.    Chorea. 

Sake,  «.     I.   Reason,  purpose,  end,  final  cause. 
^  2.   Score,  account,  regard,  respect,  considera- 
tion, reason,  cause,  interest. 

Salable,  a.     I.   Vendible,  marketable,  fit  for  sale. 
2.    In  demand,  of  ready  sale. 

Salacious,  a.  Lewd,  lustful,  carnal,  lecherous, 
lascivious,  wanton,  libidinous,  lickerish,  con- 
cupiscent, lewd,  loose,  prurient,  unchaste,  incon- 
tinent. 

Salamander,  n.    Ef^. 

Sal-ammoniac,  «.  Chloride  of  ammonium,  hydro- 
chlorate  of  ammonia,  muriate  of  ammonia. 

Salary,  «.     Stipend,  pay,  wages,  hire,  allowance. 

Sale,  «.     I.   Demand,   market,   vent,  opportunity 
to  sell. 
2.   Auction. 

Salient,  a.     I.    Leaping,  bounding,  jumping. 

2.  Springing,  beating,  throbbing,  shooting  up. 

3.  Projecting,  jutting,  prominent,  standing 
out,  in  relief. 

4.  Striking,  remarkable,  conspicuous,  promi- 
nent 

Saline,  a.    Briny,  salt. 

Saline,  «.     Salt-spring,  salt-pit. 

Saliva,  n.     Spittle. 

Sallow,  a.     Yellow  {as  from,  illness),  yellowish  ; 

pale,  of  a  pale,  sickly  color. 
Sailly,  n.     I.    Sortie. 

2.  Digression,  excursion,  trip,  nm. 

3.  Frolic,  escapade,  wild  gayety. 

4.  Jest,  joke,  quip,  quirk,  crank,  witticism, 
sprightly  fancy,  flash  of  wit,y^»  (T esprit. 

Sally,  V.  n.     Rush  out,  issue  suddenly. 

Sally  forth.    See  Sally. 

Salmagundi,  n.  Medley,  olio,  miscellany,  mix- 
ture, farrago,  jumble,  hodge-podge,  hotch-potch, 
mish-mash,  gallimaufry,  pot-pourri,  tnilange. 

Salmis,  «.    Jugged  hare,  ragout. 


SALMON-TROUT 


866 


SANGUINARY 


Salmon-troutj     «.    Sea-trout,     hirling    {Salmo 

trutta). 
Saloon,  n.     Spacious  room,  reception  room. 
Saisafy,  )  «.     Oyster-plant    {Tragopogon    porri- 
Salsify,  ]    /alius). 
Sal-soda,  «.     Carbonate  of  soda. 
Salt,  n.     I.  Chloride  of  sodium,  muriate  of  soda, 

common  salt. 

2.  Taste,    smack,    savor,    flavor,    seasoning, 
relish. 

3.  Wit,  piquancy,  pungency,  sarcasm,  humor, 
smartness,  poignancy. 

4.  Sailor,  old  sailor. 

5.  Salt-cellar. 
Salt,  a.     I.   Saline. 

2.   Sharp,  bitter,  pungent. 

Saltation,    n.     I.    Leaping,    jumping,     hopping, 
springing,  bounding,  vaulting. 
2.   Palpitation. 

Saltat0I7>  «•  Leaping,  jumping,  skipping,  hop- 
ping, dancing. 

Salt-cake,  «.  Sulphate  of  soda  (artificially  pre- 
pared frotn  conttnon  salt). 

Saltish,  a.     Brackish,  somewhat  salt. 

Salt  of  hartshorn.  Sal-volatile,  carbonate  of  am- 
monia {solid  and  itnpure),  sesqui-carbonate  of 
ammonia,  volatile  salts,  smelling  salts. 

Salt  of  lemons.     I.   Binoxalate  of  potash,  salt  of 
sorrel,  essential  salt  of  lemons. 
2.   Oxalic  acid. 

Salt  of  sorrel.     I.   Binoxalate  of  potash,  salt  of 
lemons. 
2.  Oxalic  acid. 

Salt  of  tartar.     Pure  carbonate  of  potash. 

Salt-pan,  «.     Salt-pit,  salt-mine,  salt-work. 

Saltpetre,  «.     Nitre,  nitrate  of  potash. 

Salt-water,  «.     Sea-water. 

Salt-wort,  n.  Glass-wort,  marsh-samphire  (.S"a//- 
cornea  herbacea). 

Salubrious,  a.  Healthy,  healthful,  salutary, 
wholesome,  salutiferous. 

Salubriousness,  I  «.     Healthiness,  healthfulness, 

Salubrity,  j       salutariness,    wholesomeness. 

Salutartness,  «.     See  Salubrity. 

Salutary,  a.  I.  Healthy,  healthful,  salubrious, 
wholesome,  salutiferous,  helpful,  safe. 

2.   Advantageous,  beneficial,  serviceable,  good, 
useful,  profitable. 

Salutation,  «.     Greeting,  salute,  address. 

Salutatory,  a.     Greeting. 

Salutatory,  «.  \_U.  5".]  Salutatory  oration  at 
college  commencement. 

Salute,  V.  a.  I.  Greet,  hail,  address,  accost,  wel- 
come, congratulate. 

2.   Kiss,  greet  with  a  kiss. 

Salute,  n.     I.   Salutation,  greeting,  address. 
2.    Kiss. 

Salutiferous,  a.  Healthy,  healthful,  salutarj', 
salubrious,  wholesome. 

Salvation,  n.     I.   Preservation,  deliverance,   res- 
cue, escape  from  danger. 
2.   Redemption,  deliverance. 

Salve,  n.     I.   Healing  ointment,  cerate. 
2.    Help,  remedy,  corrective,  antidote. 

Salve,  V.  a.     I.   Anoint,  heal,  cure. 

2.    Help,  remedy,  mend,  gloss  over. 

Salver,  n.     Waiter,  tray. 

Salvo,    n.     I.    Exception,     reservation,     excuse, 
saving. 
2.   Volley,  general  discharge  {^qf  fire-arms). 

Sal-volatile,  «•  Sesqui-carbonate  of  ammonia,  car- 
bonate of  ammonia,  smelling-salts,  salt  of  harts- 
horn. 

Sambucus,  «.    Elder-tree. 

Same,  a.     I.    Identical. 

2.   Similar,  like,  corresponding;  of  like  kind, 
£ort,  or  degree. 


Sameness,  n.  I.  Identity,  identicalness,  one- 
ness. 

2.  Similarity,    resemblance,    correspondence, 
likeness. 

3.  Monotony,  want  of  variety. 

Samiel,  «.  LArab.]  Simoom,  simoon,  khamsin, 
harmattan. 

Samiote  }  ^'     Samian,  inhabitant  of  Samos. 
Sample,  n.     I.    Specimen,  illustration,   exemplifi- 
cation, instance. 

2.  Example,  pattern,  model. 

3.  Scantling,  pattern,  specimen. 
Sampler,  «.     Pattern  {of  needle-work). 
Sanability,  «.     Curableness.  sanableness. 
Sanable,  a.    Curable,  remediable,  healable. 
Sanableness,  n.     Curableness,  sanabilitv. 
Sanative,  |  a.     Healing,  curative,  curing,  reme- 
Sanatory,  )      dial,  therapeutic. 
Sanctification,    «.    I.   Justification,    absolution, 

remission  of  sin. 
2.   Consecration. 
Sanctified,  a.     I.   Consecrated,  hallowed. 

2.   Sanctimonious,  affectedly  holy. 
Sanctifier,  n.     [With    The  prefixed.]     The  Holy 

Spirit. 
Sanctify,  v.  a.    I.   Make  holy,  cleanse  from  sin. 

2.  Consecrate,  hallow,  purify. 

3.  Sanction,  justify,  ratify. 
Sanctimonious,  a.    Pharisaical,    affectedly    holy, 

hypocritically  devout. 

Sanctimoniousness,  ^  n.  Pharisaism,  hypocrisy, 
cant,  formalism,  pietism,  sanctimony,  assumed 
piety.    . 

Sanctimony,  n.  Affected  holiness,  hjrpocritical 
devoutness,  pretence  of  holiness,  sanctimonious- 
ness. 

Sanction,  «.     I.   Confirmation,  ratification,  coun- 
tenance, support,  authority,  warranty,  authoriza- 
tion, allowance. 
2.   Penalty,  punishment. 

Sanction,  v.  a.  Ratify,  confirm,  countenance, 
support,  authorize,  warrant,  allow,  legalize,  bind. 

Sanctity,  «.     I.   Purity,  holiness,  godliness,  saint- 
liness,  goodness,  piety,  grace,  devotion,  religious- 
ness. 
2.    Sacredness,  inviolability,  solemnity. 

Sanctuary,  «.  I.  Sacred  or  holy  place,  shrine, 
consecrated  spot,  holy  ground,  holy  of  holies, 
adytum. 

2.  Temple,  church,  place  of  worship,  conse- 
crated building,  consecrated  ground. 

3.  Asylum,  refuge,  shelter. 

4.  Refuge,  shelter,  protection,  security. 
Sanctum  sanctorum.      [L.]     Sanctuary,  holy  of 

holies,  most  holy  place. 
Sand,  «.    Gravel,  small  pebbles,  comminuted  silica. 
Sand,  V.  a.     Cover  or  sprinkle  with  sand. 
Sand-blast, «.    Sand-jet. 
Sanders,     «.      [Written    also     Saunders. "^     Red 

sandal-wood. 
Sand-flea,  «.     Beach-flea,  sandhopper,  amphiped, 

sea-flea. 
Sand-fly,  n.     Midge  {Simulium  nocivum). 
Sandhopper,  «.     Sand-flea,  beach-flea,  amphipod, 

sea-flea. 
Sandiver,  n.    Glass-gall. 
Sand-jet,  n.     Sand-blast. 
Sandy,  a.     I.    Sabulous,  gritty. 

2.  Unstable,  shifting,  arenaceous. 

3.  Yellowish-red,  sand-colored. 

Sane,  a.     Sound  {especially  in  mind),  sober,  lucid. 
Saneness,  n.     Sanity. 

Sang-froid,  «.     [Fr.J    Coolness,  unconcern,  indif- 
ference, calmness. 
Sanireal,  «.     Grail,  holy  dish. 
Sanguinary,  a.     I.    Bloody,  murderous. 


SANGUINARY 


367 


SAVAGE 


2.  Cruel,  blood-thirsty,  savage,  inhuman,  bar- 
barous, ruthless,  pitiless,  fell,  truculent. 

Sanguinary,  «.  Blood-root,  bloodwort,  red-root 
{Sanentinaria  Canadensis)- 

SangULDe»  a.     I.    Red,  crimson. 

2.  Warm,  ardent,  lively,  animated,  cheerful. 

3.  Confident,  hopeful,  enthusiastic,  buoyant. 

4.  Plethoric,  full-blooded. 
Sanguine,  n.     I.   Blood  color. 

2.    Bloodstone. 

Sanguine,  v.  a.    I.  Ensanguine,  stain  with  blood. 
2.   Stain  red,  varnish  blood  color. 

Saneuisuge,  n.     Bloodsucker,  leech. 

Sanitarv,  a.     Hygienic. 

Sanitation,  n.     Hygene. 

Sanitory,  a.  Therapeutic,  remedial,  curative,  heal- 
ing, curing.     See  Sanatory. 

Sanity,  «•     Saneness,  soundness,  rationality. 

Sanpan, ».  [Written  also  Sampan  and  Scatnpan.  ] 
Chinese  boat. 

Sans-CUlotte,  n.      [Fr.]     I.    Ragamuffin,  tatter- 
demalion, ragged  fellow. 
2.   Jacobin,  radical,  republican. 

Sans  SOUCi.  [Fr.]  Without  care,  with  uncon- 
cern, free  and  easy. 

Sap,  n.     Juice  {of  a  plant). 

Sap,  V.  a.     Mine,  undermine. 

Sapid,  a.     Savory,  relishing,  tasteful,  palatable. 

Sapidity,  «.     See  Sapidness. 

Sapidness,  «.  Savoriness,  savor,  taste,  sapidity, 
tastefulness. 

Sapience,  «.  Wisdom,  sageness,  knowledge,  sa- 
gacity, 'shrewdness,  intelligence,  sense. 

Sapient,  a.  Wise,  sage,  sagacious,  sensible,  dis- 
cerning, shrewd,  acute,  intelligent,  knowing. 

Sapless,  a.     I.    Without  sap,  destitute  of  sap. 
2.    Decayed,  dry,  old,  withered. 

Saponaceous,  a.     Soapy. 

Sapor,  «.     Taste,  flavor,  savor,  relish,  smack. 

Sapphire,  «.     Telesia. 

Sapphire,  a.     Blue,  sapphirine. 

Sappiness,  n.     Juiciness,  succulence. 

Sappy,  a.     I.   Juicy,  succulent. 

2.  Young,  weak,  soft. 

3.  Weak,  silly,  foolish. 
Sap-rot,  «.     Dry-rot. 
Saracen,  n.     I.   Arabian,  Arab. 

2.    Mussulman,  Mahometan. 
Sarcasm,  «.     Taunt,  gibe,  jeer,  fling,  satire,  irony, 

ridicule,  cutting  jest,  sneer,  flout. 
Sarcastic,  a.     Severe,  cutting,  taunting,  satirical, 

sharp,  biting,  mordacious,  sardonic. 
Sarcophagus,  n.     Stone  coffin. 
Sard,  n       Carnelian,  sardel,  sardine,  sardius,  sar- 

doin,  red  chalcedony. 
Sardel,    1 

Sardoin,  J 

Sardonic,  a.  Sarcastic,  derisive,  malignant,  bit- 
terly ironical. 

Sarlac,   1  «.    Yak,  svoragoy,  bubul,  gfrutiting  ox  of 

Sarlyk,  )       Tartary. 

Sarment,  «.  Runner,  long  twig;  prostrate,  fili- 
form stem. 

Sash,  n.    Girdle,  band,  belt,  scarf. 

Satan,  «.  Belial,  Apollyon,  Devil,  the  Evil  One, 
the  Arch-enemy,  the  Arch-fiend,  the  Tempter,  the 
Author  of  Evil,  the  WickedOne,  the  Old  Serpent, 
the  Prince  of  Darkness,  the  Foul  Fiend. 

SataidC,  a.  Diabolical,  infernal,  hellish,  devilish, 
malicious,  malignant,  evil,  false,  fiendish. 

Satchel,  «.     Bag,  little  sack. 

Sate,  V.  a.     See  Satiath. 

Satellite,  «.     I.    Moon,  secondary  planet. 

2.  Attendant,  follower,  dependant,  retainer, 
vassal,  hanger-on. 


Satiate,  v.  a.     I.    Sate,  satisfy,  suffice,  fill. 

2.  Cloy,  gorge,  overfill,  glut,  overfeed,  surfeit, 
pall,  sate. 

Satiety,  «•  Repletion,  satiation,  surfeit,  fulness, 
glut,  cloyment. 

Satire,  «.  Ridicule,  sarcasm,  invective,  irony, 
philippic,  diatribe,  fling,  squib,  lampoon,  pasqui- 
nade, burlesque,  wit,  humor,  cutting  remark. 

Satirical,  a.  Sarcastic,  severe,  taunting,  censori- 
ous, cutting,  biting,  sharp,  keen,  poignant,  invec- 
tive, mordacious,  bitter,  reproachful,  abusive, 
ironical. 

Satirize,  v.  a.  Censure,  ridicule,  abuse,  lampoon, 
lash. 

Satisfaction,  n.     I.   Gratification. 

2.  Contentment,  content,  enjoyment,  ease, 
comfort,  pleasure,  complacency. 

3.  Compensation,  amends,  requital,  remunera- 
tion, indemnification,  reparation,  atonement,  re- 
compense, reward. 

4.  Discharge,  payment. 
Satisfactory,  a.     I.   Gratifying,  pleasing. 

2.  Sufficient,  conclusive,  convincing,  decisive. 

3.  Compensating,  atoning,  that  makes  amends. 
Satisfy,  v.  a.     I,    Please,  gratify,  content,  satiate, 

sate,  fill,  suffice. 

2.  Recompense,  requite,  indemnify,  pay,  liqui- 
date, compensate,  remunerate. 

3.  Pay,  discharge,  settle. 

4.  Convince,  persuade,  assure. 

5.  Fulfil,  answer. 

Satisfy,  v.  n.     I.   Give  satisfaction. 

2.  Atone,  make  payment. 

3.  Feed  full,  supply  to  the  full. 

Satrap,   «.       [Persian.]      I.     Governor,  viceroy, 
ruler. 
2.  Prince,  petty  despot. 

Satrapy,  «.     Principality,  princedom. 

Saturate,  v.  a.  Drench,  fill  full,  imbue  thor- 
oughly, soak. 

Saturation,  n.     Repletion,  fulness. 

Saturnalia,  »■  >/.     [L]     Revels,  orgies,  feasts. 

Saturnallan,  a.  Riotous,  licentious,  sportive, 
loose,  dissolute. 

Satumian,  a.     I.   Of  Saturn. 

2.  Palmy,  joyous,  halcyon,  golden,  happy,  in- 
nocent, simple,  pure. 

Saturnine,  a.    I.  Dull,  heavy,  g^ve,  sad,  gloomy, 
sedate,  morose,  phlegmatic,  sombre. 
2.   Leaden,  dull. 

Sauce,  n.  Seasoning,  relish,  condiment,  apjjetiz- 
ing  compound. 

Saucebox,  «.  {Colloq.)  Saucy  fellow,  impudent 
fellow. 

Saucily,  ad.  Pertly,  petulantly,  boldly,  impu- 
dently. 

3aucineS8,  n.  Impertinence,  insolence,  impu- 
dence, pertness,  malapertness,  rudeness,  petu- 
lance. 

Saucy,  a.  Impertinent,  impudent,  pert,  insolent, 
cavalier,  rude,  forward,  bold,  flippant,  malapert, 
disrespectful,  petulant. 

Saul-tree,  n.     Sal-tree  {Shorea  robusta). 

Saunders-hlne,  «.  [Written  also  Sanders-hlue.l 
Ultramarine. 

Saunter,  v.  «.      I.    Loiter,  linger,  lounge,  stroll, 
move  slowly. 
2.   Dawdle,  dilly-dally,  loiter,  lag,  delay,  linger. 

Saunterer,  «•     I.    Loiterer,  lounger,  stroller. 
2.   Lagger,  laggard,  dawdler. 

Sanria,  «.  //.     Lizards. 

Saurian,  «.     Lizard. 

Saury-pike,  «.     Skipper  {Scomieresox  saurus). 

Sauvegarde,  «.  Monitor,  lizard,  great  American 
.safeeuard  {Lacerta  monitor). 

Savage,  a.  I.  Uncultivated  {as  a  forest),  wild, 
rough,  sylvan. 


SAVAGE 


368 


SCANDENT 


2.  Uncivilized  (like  an  inhabitant  of  the 
woods),  untaught,  rude,  unpolished. 

3.  Wild,  untamed,  fierce,  ferocious,  rapacious, 
ravenous,  ferine,  biood-thirsty. 

4.  Inhuman,  beastly,  brutal,  brutish,  brute. 

5.  Cruel,  barbarous,  fierce,  ferocious,  inhu- 
man, brutal,  fell,  remorseless,  pitiless,  unmerci- 
ful, ruthless,  merciless,  heathenish,  relentless, 
hard-hearted,  sanguinary,  bloody,  murderous, 
truculent,  vandalic. 

6.  Enraged  (colloq.). 
Savage,  n.     Barbarian. 

Savagely,  ad.      Cruelly,  inhumanly,  barbarously, 

fiercely. 
Savageness,  n.     I.    Barbarism. 

2.   Cruelty,  barbarousness,  ferocity,  barbarity. 
Savagery,  «.     I.    Savagism,  barbarism. 

2.   Cruelty,  barbarity. 
Savagism,  «.     Barbarism,  savagery. 
Savanna,   n.       Meadow,   plain,   plateau,    prairie, 

open  country,  champaign  country 
Savant,  «•      Scholar,  learned  man,  erudite  person, 

one  of  the  literati,  man  of  science. 
Save,  V.  a.     I.   Rescue,  keep,  preserve. 

2.  Preserve,  rescue,  redeem, 

3.  Deliver,  rescue,  keep  clear. 

4.  Reserve,  keep,  hold,  husband,  lay  up,  lay 
by,  gather,  hoard,  economize. 

5.  Spare,  prevent,  hnider,  obviate,  insure 
against. 

6.  Catch,  be  in  time  for. 

Save,  prep.  Except,  leaving  out,  not  including, 
deducting,  excepting. 

Saver,  «.      I.    Rescuer,  deliverer,   saviour,  pre- 
server. 
2.   Economist. 

Sa^ne   1  *^'    J""*P^''  Sabine  {Juniperns  Sabind). 
Saving,  a.     I.   Preserving,  sparing,  redemptory. 

2.  Economical,  frugal,  sparing,  thrifty,  careful. 

3.  Reserving. 

Saving,  prep.      I.   With  exception,  excepting,  in 
favor  of. 
2.   Without  disrespect  to. 

Saving,  «.     Exception,  reservation. 

Savingness,  «.     Frugality,  parsimony,  economy. 

Savior,     \  n.      I.    Rescuer,  saver,  deliverer,  pre- 

Saviour,  )  server,  protector,  defender,  guardian. 
2.  [With  The  or  Our  prefixed.]  Christ,  Jesus, 
Immanuel,  the  Messiah,  the  Redeemer,  the  Me- 
diator, the  Intercessor,  the  Advocate,  the  Judge, 
the  Anointed,  the  Word,  the  Son  of  God,  the  Son 
of  Man,  the  Lamb  of  God,  Shiloh. 

Savor,  n.  I.  Taste,  flavor,  relish,  gust,  smack, 
gout. 

2.  Odor,  scent,  smell,  fragrance. 

3.  Characteristic  property,  distinctive  temper. 

4.  Character,  reputation. 
Savor,  V.  n.     I.   Taste,  smack. 

2.   Partake,  have  a  touch  of,  betoken,  smack. 

Savor,  V.  a.    Like,  relish,  enjoy,  appreciate,  affect. 

Savorless,  a.  Tasteless,  insipid,  vapid,  stale,  flat, 
without  savor  or  relish. 

Savory,  a.  Relishing,  piquant,  luscious,  palatable, 
delicious,  flavorous,  nice,  well-tasted. 

Saw,  n.  Saying;,  maxim,  adage,  proverb,  aphorism, 
apothegm,  dictum,  by-word,  sententious  precept, 
axiom. 

Saw-gin,  n.     Cotton-gin. 

Saw-set,  «.     Saw-wrest. 

Saw-toothed,  a.     Serrated. 

Saw-wrest,  «.     Saw-set. 

Sax-horn,  «.     Sax-cornet. 

Say,  V.  a.  I.  Speak,  utter,  tell,  declare,  pro- 
nounce, express. 

2.  Argue,  allege,  affirm. 

3.  Repeat,  rehearse,  recite. 


4.  Pronounce,  recite. 

5.  Answer,  tell,  reply. 

6.  Suppose,  presume,  assume,  take  for  granted. 

7.  Decide,  judge. 

Say,  V.  n.     Declare,  speak,  assert,  tell. 

Say,  «.      I.    Affirmation,  declaration,  statement, 

speech. 
2.   Maxim,  saying,  saw. 
Saying,  «.      I.    Expression,  observation,  remark, 

declaration,  statement,  speech. 
2.   Proverb,    saw,    maxim,    aphorism,    adage, 

apothegm,    dictum,    by-word,    sententious    pre- 
cept. 
Scabbard,  «.    Sheath  {o/  a  sword  or  a  dagger), 

case. 
Scabbed,  a.     Mean,  paltry,  vile,   shabby,    sorry, 

worthless. 
Scabies,  «.     [L.]    (Med.)    The  itch,  mange,  scab, 

psora. 
Scabious,    a.      Rough,    itchy,    scabby,   scabbed, 

leprous. 
Scabrous,  a.    I.   Rough,  rugged,  scraggy,  cragged, 

uneven. 
2.   Harsh,  unmusical,  rough. 
Scaffold,  «.     Stage,  frame,  scaffolding,  staging. 
Scaffolding,  «.     See  Scaffold. 
Scald,  V.  a.     Bum  (with  a  hot  liquid). 
Scald,  a.     Scurvy,  paltry,  poor. 
Scald,  n.     Skald,  ancient  Scandinavian  poet. 
Scaldhead,  n.     Ringworm  of  the  sczl^),  porrigo. 
Scale,  ».     I.  T)\s\i  (of  a  balance). 

2.  Balance. 

3.  Gradation,  progressive  series. 

4.  Lamina,  layer,  flake,  plate,  lamella. 
Scale,   V.  a.      Climb,    ascend,   escalade,  mount, 

clamber  up. 
Scaled,  a.     Squamose,  squamous,  scaly. 
Scale  off.      Exfoliate,   shell  off,  peel  off,  fall  off 

in  scales. 
Scale-stone,  n.     Tabular  spar,  schaalstein. 
Scall,  n.     Scab,  scurf,  scabbiness,  leprosy. 
Scallion,   «.      (Bot.)      Shallot  (Allium  ascalon- 

icunt). 
Scallop,  V.  a.     Indent,  notch. 
Scaly,  a.     I.    Flaky,  lamelliform,  squamous. 

2.    Mean,  scurvy,  stingy,  contemptible,  paltry, 

scald. 

Scaly  ant-eater.    Pangolin. 

Scamp,  «.  Rogue,  rascal,  cheat,  knave,  swindler, 
sharper,  trickster,  scoundrel,  villain,  scapegrace, 
worthless  fellow. 

Scamper,  v.  n.  Scud,  run,  trip,  hie,  haste,  hasten, 
speed. 

Scan,  V.  a.     I.   Recite  metrically,  divide  into  feet. 
2.   Scrutinize,   examine,    investigate,   sift,  in- 
quire into,  look  into. 

Scandal,  «.  I.  Defamation,  aspersion,  calumny, 
backbiting,  slander,  detraction,  traducement,  re- 
proach, obloquy. 

2.  Disgrace,  dishonor,  shame,  infamy,  offence, 
reproach,  discredit,  disrepute,  ignominy,  odium, 
opprobrium,  ingloriousness. 

Scandal,  v.  a.     Defame,  traduce,  libel,  asperse. 

Scandalize,  v.  a.  I.  Offend,  give  offence  to, 
shock. 

2.  Vilify,  asperse,  defame,  backbite,  traduce, 
decry,  calumniate,  slander,  reproach,  libel,  revile, 
satirize,  lampoon,  inveigh  against. 

3.  Disgrace,  bring  disgrace  on. 
Scandalous,    a.       I.     Opprobrious,     defamatory, 

libellous,  slanderous. 

2.  Disgraceful,  shameful,  infamous,  disreputa- 
ble, ignominious,  atrocious,  odious,  inglorious, 
opprobrious. 

3.  Shameful. 

Scandalously,  ad.     Disgracefully,  shamefully. 
Scandent,  a.     (Bot:)     Climbing. 


SCANT 


869 


SCHOOL 


Scant;  V.  a.     I.   Limit,  straiten,  stint. 

2.  Grudge,    keep   back,    be    niggard  of,  cut 
short. 
Scant,  a.     I,   Scanty,  scarcely  sufficient. 

2.    Scarce,  short,  insufficient. 
Scantiness,  «•     Insufficiency,  meagreness,  narrow- 
ness, deficiency,  short  supply,  short  measure. 
Scantly,  ad.      I.    Penuriously,   narrowly,   illiber- 
ally, sparingly. 
2.   Scarcely,  hardly. 
Scantness,  «.     Narrowness,  smallness,  scantiness. 
Scanty,  a.    I.   Insufficient,  narrow,  meagre,  scant, 
small. 

2.  Hardly  sufficient. 

3.  Sparing,  niggardly,  parsimonious,  penuri- 
ous. 

Scapegrace,  «.     Careless  fellow,  idle  fellow. 

Scaphoid,  a.  {Anat.)  Boat-shaped,  cymbiform, 
navicular. 

Scapula,  n.  Shoulder-blade,  omoplate,  shoulder- 
bone. 

Scar,  n.    I.  Cicatrix,  cicatrice,  seam. 

2.  Hurt,  wound. 

3.  Blemish,  mark,  injury,  disfigurement,  flaw, 
defect. 

4.  Cliff,  precipitous  bank,  detached  rock. 
Scar,  V.  a.     Wound,  hurt,  mark. 

Scarab,  «■     Beetle,  scarabee. 

Scaramoucll,  ».     I.    Buffoon,    harlequin,    clown, 
zany. 
2.    Poltroon,  braggadocio,  braggart 

Scarce,  a.     I.   Deficient,   wanting,   not    plentiful, 
not  abundant. 
2.    Rare,  uncommon,  infrequent. 

Scarce,      \ad.     Hardly,    barely,    but   just,   with 

Scarcely,  )      difficulty,  scantly. 

Scarcity,  «.  I.  Deficiency,  dearth,  want,  insuffi- 
ciency, lack. 

2.   Rareness,    rarity,    uncommonness,    infre- 
quency. 

Scarcity-root,  «.  Field-beet,  mangel-wurzel, 
{Beta  altissima). 

Scare,  «.     Fright,  panic,  sudden  terror. 

Scare,  v.  a.  Frighten,  affright,  fright,  intimidate, 
daunt,  appall,  terrify,  make  afraid,  put  in   fear. 

Scarfskin,  n.     Cuticle,  epidermis. 

Scarify,  v.  a.     I.  Deface,  scratch,  scar,  disfigure, 
cover  with  scars. 
2.   {Surg. )    Cut,  incise,  puncture. 

Scarlatina,  «.     Scarlet-fever. 

Scarlet-fever,  «.    Scarlatina. 

Scath,    )  V.  a.    Injure,  harm,  blast,  destroy,  dam- 

Scathe,  i      age,  waste. 

Scathe,  «.  Damage,  injury,  waste,  harm,  mis- 
chief. 

Scathless,  a.  Uninjured,  unhurt,  intact,  undam- 
aged, whole,  sound,  unharmed,  untouched,  un- 
scathed. 

Scatter,  v.  a.  I.  Strew,  sprinkle,  throw  about 
loosely. 

2.  Sprinkle  on,  besprinkle. 

3.  Dissipate,  disperse,  separate,  spread. 

4.  Disunite,  distract,  confound,  harass. 

5.  Dispel,  frustrate,  disappoint,  overthrow. 
Scatter,  v-  «.     Disperse,  straggle,  go  at  random. 
Scatter-brain,  «.     Giddv,  thoughtless  person. 
Scatter-brained,  a.    Giddy,  thoughtless,  inatten- 
tive, heed'ess. 

Scattered,  a.     I.   Strewn,  sprinkled. 

2.  Diffused,   dispersed,   spread    about,    dissi- 
pated, separated. 

3.  Sporadic,  occurring  here  and  there. 
Scatteringly,  ad.    Thinly,   loosely,  sparsely,  dis- 

persively. 
Scene,  M.,  Spectacle,  exhibition,  show,  pageant, 

sight,  view,  display,  representation. 
Scenexy,  «.     Landscape,  prospect,  view. 


Scenic,  a.    Theatrical,  dramatic. 
Scent,   n.    I.   Odor,    smell,    perfume,    fragrance, 
redolence,  balminess. 

2.  Smell,  sense  of  smell. 

3.  Track,  course  of  pursuit. 
Scent,  V.  a.     I.    Smell,  get  scent  of. 

2.  Perfume,  fill  with  odor,  give  odor  to,  im- 
bue with  odor. 

Scentless,  a.     Inodorous,  odorless. 

Sceptic,  n.     [Written  also  Skeptic]    I.  Doubter, 
questioner,  Pyrrhonist. 
2.   Deist,  infidel,  unbeliever,  freethinker. 

Sceptic,  a.     See  Sceptical. 

Sceptical,  a.  [WxMgw  &\^o  Skeptical.']  Doubt- 
ing, unbelieving,  questioning,  hesitating,  incred- 
ulous. 

Scepticism,    ».     [Written   also   Skepticism.]     I. 
Pyrrlionism,    questioning    temper,   suspense    of 
belief,    agnosticism,    positivism,    doubt,     incre- 
dulity. 
2.   Unbelief,  infidelity,  deism,  freethinking. 

Sceptre,  «•     I.   Royal  mace,  royal  baton. 
2.    Royal  power,  sovereign  authority. 

Sceptred,  a.     Regal,  royal,  imperial. 

Schedule,  «.     I.  Scroll,  document. 

2.  Inventory,  list,  record,  roll,  table,  catalogue, 
register. 

Schema,  «.  Form,  arrangement,  plan,  design, 
system. 

Schematist,  «.  Projector,  schemer,  planner,  de- 
signer, systematizer. 

Scheme,  «._  I.   Plan,  system,  theory. 

2.  Device,  design,  plan,  project,  contrivance, 
plot,  stratagem,  conspiracy,  intrigue,  cabal,  mach- 
ination. 

3.  Draught,  outline,  diagram,  arrangement. 
Scheme,  v.  a.     Plan,   contrive,   project,   plot,   de- 
vise, design,  imagine,  frame,  excogitate. 

Scheme,  v.  n.     Intrigue,  plot,  plan,  contrive. 

Schemer,  «.    Planner,  projector,  contriver,  plotter. 

Scheming,  a.     I.    Planning,  contriving. 
2.   Artful,  intriguing. 

Schemist,  «.     Schemer,  projector. 

Schenk-beer,  «.     German  draught  beer. 

Schiedam,  «.     Holland  gin,  schnapps. 

Schism,   n,     I.   Division  {in  a  church),  separa- 
tion. 
2.   Disunion,  discord,  separation,  division. 

Schismatic,  «.  Sectary,  heretic,  non-conformist, 
dissenter,  separatist. 

Schismatical,  a.  Discordant,  dissentient,  heter- 
odox. 

Schistose,  la.     Lamellate,    lamellated,    laminar. 

Schistous,  J  laminated,  foliated,  foliaceous,  scalv, 
flaky. 

Scholar,  n.     I.   Disciple,  pupil,  student,  learner. 

2.  Savant,  man  of  letters,  philomath,  learned 
man,  erudite  person. 

3.  Pedant. 
Scholar-like,  a.     Scholariy. 
Scholarly,  a.     Scholar-like. 

Scholarship,  «.  I.  Learning,  erudition,  knowl- 
edge, attainments,  acquirements,  accomplish- 
ments, acquired  knowedge. 

2.  Education,  teaching. 

3.  Maintenance  for  a  student,  foundation  for 
support. 

ScholastiCt  a.     I.  Academic,    literary,    lettered, 
bookish. 
2.    Pedantic,  formal. 

Scholastic,  n.     Schoolman. 

Scholiast,  n.     Commentator,  annotator,  glossarist 

Scholium,  a.  Annotation,  comment,  remark,  ob- 
servation, note,  elucidation,  gloss. 

School,  «.     I.    Seminary,  academy,  institute,  gym- 
nasium, place  of  education. 
2.   Sect,  denomination. 


24 


SCHOOL 


870 


SCOUR 


Schwl,  V.  a.    I.  Instruct,   teach,   educate,   train, 

drill,  exercise,  indoctrinate. 
2.   Tutor,    discipline,   control,   govern,    chide, 

admonish,  reprove,  bring  under  subjection. 
Sch00l>t)00k,  «.     Text-book. 
School-fellow,  ft.     School-mate. 
Schooling,  n.     I.   Tuition,  instruction,  education, 

teaching,  training,  nurture,  discipline. 
2.   Reproof,  reprimand,  lecture. 
Schoolman,  n.     Scholastic. 
School-master,  «.    Instructor,  preceptor,  teacher, 

tutor,  master. 
School-mate,  n.     School-fellow. 
School-ship,  n.     Training  ship. 
Sciatica,  n.     Ischlagra,  hip-gout- 

Statical   I  "•     ^^  '^^  ^'P'  's<^^'^^'*='  ischiatic. 
Science,  «.     I.    Knowledge,  information,  learning. 

2.  System  of  knowledge,  body  of  knowledge, 
philosophical  knowledge,  knowledge  of  princi- 
ples or  general  laws. 

3.  Branch  of  knowledge. 

Scientific,  a.  Philosophical,  according  to  princi- 
ples or  general  laws. 

Scientist,  n.     Savant,  scientific  man. 

Scilicet,  ad.  [L.]  Namely,  to  wit,  that  is,  that  is 
to  say,  to  particularize,  videlicet. 

Scimet^*  I  ""    ^^'"**^'''  oriental  sword. 

Scintilla,  «.  [L.]  Spark,  glimmer,  jot,  shadow, 
trace,  iota,  whit,  tittle,  bit,  ace,  grain,  atom,  par- 
ticle, scrap,  mite. 

Scintillant,  a.     Sparkling,  twinkling. 

Scintillate,    v.    n.     I.    Sparkle,  twinkle,   corus- 
cate. 
2.   Emit  sparks. 

Scintillation,  n.     I.   Sparkling,  flashing,  corusca- 
tion, intellectual  splendor. 
2.   Twmkling,  sparkling. 

Sciolism,  n.  Smattering,  shallowness,  superficial- 
ness,  imperfect  knowledge,  superficial  knowledge, 
slight  knowledge. 

ScioUst,  n.  Smatterer,  ignoramus,  novice,  green- 
horn, pretender  to  science. 

SciolistlC,  a.     Superficial. 

Scion,  ft.     I.   Sprout,  shoot,  twig,  branch,  cion, 
graft,  slip. 
2.   Descendant,  heir. 

Sciote,  \  „     Q^- „ 

sciot.  r-  s^'.^"-. 

Scission,  n.     Division,  split. 

Scissure,  «.     Cleft,  rent,  fissure. 

Sclavonic,  a.     Slavic,  Slavonian,  Slavonic. 

Sclerotic,  «.     (Anat.)     White  of  the  eye. 

Scoff,  V.  a.    Mock,  deride,  jeer,  scoff  at. 

Scoff,  V.  n.  Mock,  jeer,  gibe,  sneer,  flout,  deride, 
ridicule. 

Scoff,  n.  I.  Sneer,  gibe,  jeer,  taunt,  flout,  biting 
jest,  mock. 

2.   Derision,  ridicule,  mock,  reproach. 

Scoffer,  n.  Scorner,  mocker,  ndiculer,  railer, 
derider,  despiser,  jeerer. 

Scold,  V.  a.  Berate,  rate,  censure,  reprimand, 
blame,  chide,  find  fault  with,  brawl,  rebuke 
rudely. 

Scold,  V.  ft.  Rate,  reprimand,  vituperate,  brawl, 
rail,  chide  with  rudeness. 

Scold,  ft.     I.   Vixen,  shrew,  termagant,  virago. 
2.   Scolding,  brawl. 

Scold  at.  Rebuke,  chide,  reprimand,  reprove, 
censure,  condemn,  denounce,  blame,  declaim 
against,  inveigh  against,  exclaim  against,  rail  at. 

Scolding:,  0.  Chiding,  berating,  abusive,  vituper- 
ative, railing,  clamorous. 

Scolding,  ft.     Railing,  vituperation,  abuse,  rating. 

Sconce,  «.     I.   Cover,  shelter,  protection. 
2.  Candle-holder,  candelabrum. 


3.  Bulwark,  fort,  defence,  block-house,  fortifi- 
cation. 

4.  Helmet,  head-piece. 

5.  Skull,  head» 

6.  Brains,  sense,  judgment,  discretion. 

7.  Mulct,  fine,  poll-tax. 

8.  Top,  head. 

9.  Seat,  shelf. 

Scoop,  V.  a.     I.   Empty  with  a  scoop. 

2.  Lade  out. 

3.  Excavate,  hollow  out,  dig  out. 

4.  Remove,  leave  hollow. 
Scooper,  «.     Avocet. 

Scope,  n.     I.   Purpose,  drift,  tendency,  aim,  mark, 
intention,  intent,  design,  object,  view,  end. 

2.  Room,  space,  vent,  opportunity,  margin, 
range,  liberty,  latitude,  amplitude,  free  course, 
free  play,  full  play. 

3.  Length,  extent,  sweep. 

Scorch,  V.  a.    I.   Burn  superficially,  singe,  char, 
roast,  parch,  shrivel. 
2.   Bum,  blister. 
Score,  ft.     I.    Mark,  incision,  notch. 

2.  Account,  charge,  bill,  debt,  reckoning. 

3.  Reason,  motive,  ground,  consideration, 
sake,  account. 

4.  Twenty. 

Score,  V.  a.    I.  Mark,  notch,  furrow,  cut,  scratch. 

2.  Record,  note,  charge,  set  down. 

3.  Note,  impute,  charge. 

4.  Enter,  register. 

Scoria,  «.     Dross,  slag,  recrement. 

Scoriae,  «.  //.     Volcanic  cinders,  slaggy  lavas. 

Scorn,  V.  a.  Contemn,  despise,  disdain,  scout, 
spurn,  disregard,  slight,  hold  in  contempt. 

Scorn,  V.  n.     Disdain. 

Scorn,  ft.     I.   Contempt,  disdain,  derision,  mock- 
ery, slight,  sneer. 
2.   Mockery,  derision,  scoff. 

Scorner,  «.  Scoffer,  derider,  despiser,  contemner, 
ridiculer,  jeerer,  mocker. 

Scomfnl,  a.  I.  Contemptuous,  disdainful,  inso- 
lent. 

2.  Defiant,  regardless,  disdainful,  contemptu- 
ous. 

Scot,  ft.     I.   Tax,  contribution,  custom. 

2.  Payment,  fine,  mulct,  contribution,  reckon- 
ing, shot. 

3.  Scotchman,  native  of  Scotland. 

Scotch,  V.  a.  I.  Cut  {slightly),  wound  (super' 
ficialty),  score,  notch,  scot,  jag. 

2.  Stop  {cis  a  -wheel,  to  preveftt  it  from  rolling 
Back),  block,  prop,  support. 

Scotch,  a.     Scottish. 

Scotch,  «.     Incision,  cut,  slit. 

Scotch-hopper,  «.     Hop-scotch. 

Scotchman,  «.  Scot,  Scotsman,  native  of  Scot- 
land. 

Scot-free,    a.       I.     Untaxed,    without    payment, 
without  expense,  shot-free. 
2.   Unhurt,  uninjured,  clear,  safe,  shot-free. 

Scotticism,  n.     Scottish  idiom. 

Scottish,  a.     Scotch. 

Scoundrel,  «.  Knave,  rogue,  villain,  rascal, 
scamp,  cheat,  trickster,  swindler,  sharper,  caitiff, 
vile  wretch,  miscreant,  reprobate. 

Scoundrel,  a.  Base,  mean,  unprincipled,  dis- 
graceful, low. 

Scoundrelism,  «.  Knavery,  roguery,  villany, 
rascality,  turpitude,  baseness. 

Scoundrelly,  a.  Base,  mean,  villanous,  dis- 
graceful, knavish. 

Scour,  V.  a.  I.  Clean  {by  friction),  brighten, 
rub  hard,  scrub,  cleanse. 

2.  Clean,  cleanse,  whiten. 

3.  Range  over,  brush  along,  pass  swiftly  over. 

4.  Purge  {^violently). 


SCOUR 


371 


SCRUPULOSITY 


5.  Rake,  search  closely. 

6.  Obliterate,  efiface,  cleanse  away,  remove. 

7.  Overrun,  sweep  clear,  drive  away. 
Scour,  V.  n.     I.   Clean  {by  rubbing). 

2.  Clean,  cleanse. 

3.  Be  purged. 

4.  Course,  career,  scamper,  range,  run  swiftly. 
Scourge,  «.      I.    Whip,  lash,  thong,  strap,  cow- 
hide, cord. 

2.   Punishment,  affliction,  curse,   pest,  bane, 
plague,  annoyance,  infliction,  nuisance. 
Scourge,  v.  a-     I.   Lash,  whip. 

2.  Punish,  chastise,  chasten,  correct,  afflict. 

3.  Harass,  torment,  afflict. 
Sconrger, «.     Flagellant 
Scont,  n.    Spy. 

Scout,  V.  n.     Act  the  spy. 

Scout,  V.  a.      Ridicule,   deride,   disdain,  despise, 

contemn,  scorn,  spurn,  scoff  at,  laugh  at,   sneer 

at,  hold  in  contempt,  hoot  at. 
Scowl,  V  ft.      Frown,  look  angry,  sour,  or  sullen, 

lower,  glower 
Scowl,  «      I.    Frown. 

2.   Gloom,  threatening  aspect. 
Scrabble,  v.  a.     Scribble,  scrawl,  scratch. 
Scrabble,  v.  n.     Scribble,  scrawl. 
Scrabble,  «.     Scramble,  struggle. 
Scragged,  a.     Rough,  scraggy. 
ScraggedJiess,  «.     Leanness,  roughness. 
Scragginess,   «•      Leanness,  ruggedness,   rough- 
ness. 
Scraggy,  a.     I.   Rough,  rugged,  uneven,  broken, 

craggy,  scabrous,  scragged. 
2.    Lean,    thin,  bony,   lank,    meagre,    gaunt, 

angular,  skinny,  emaciated,  attenuated,  scranny, 

scrawny. 
Scramble,  v.  n.      I.    Struggle  {as  in  climbing), 

scrabble. 

2.  Struggle,  strive. 

3.  Climb  {with  difficulty),  clamber. 
Scramble,  «.     Struggle,  contest,  scrabble. 
Scranny,    a.      {Local.)      Thin,     lank,     meagre, 

scraggy,  scrawny  . 

Scrap,  n.  I.  Fragment,  bit,  little  piece,  small 
part,  scantling. 

2.  Crumb,  morsel,  bite,  mouthful,  bit,  frag- 
ment. 

Scrap-book, ».    Album. 

Scrape,  v.  a.  I.  Rub  or  abrade  {with  something 
edged),  grate  harshly  over,  rasp. 

2.  Gather,  collect,  acquire,  save. 

3.  Remove,  erase. 

4.  Clean  (by  rubbing). 

Scrape,  «.  Difficulty,  perplexity,  distress,  embar- 
rassment, predicament. 

Scrape  acquaintance.  Make  acquaintance,  make 
one's  self  acquainted. 

Scratch,  v.  a  I.  Mark  with  a  scratch  or  with 
scratches. 

2.  Wound  slightly  {as  with  the  nails). 

3.  Scribble,  write  carelessly. 

4.  Dig  {with  the  claws),  excavate. 

5.  Obliterate,  expunjge,  erase,  rub  out. 
Scratch,   «.       I.     Incision  {slight  and  ragged), 

laceration,  slight  wound. 

2.  Slight  furrow,  score. 

3.  Scratch-wig,  small  wig,  periwig,  peruke. 
Scratch-cradle,  «.  Cat's  cradle,  cratch-cradle. 
Scratch-wig,  «.     Scratch,  periwig,  peruke,  small 

wig- 
Scrawl,  V.  a.      Scribble,  scrabble,  scratch,  write 

carelessly. 
Scrawl,  V.  n.     Scribble,  scrabble. 
Scrawl,  n.     Scribble,  scratch,  inelegant  writing. 
Scrawler,  «.     Scribbler. 
Scrawny,    a.      {Collo^.)      Thin,    lank,    meagre, 

scraggy,  scranny,  wasted,  raw-boned. 


Scray*  n.      Sea-swallow,  common    tero  (Sterna 

hirundo). 
Scream,  v.  «.    Shriek,  screech,  cry  out  {in  a  shrill 

voice). 
Scream,  «.      Shriek,   screech,  yell,  outcry,   shrill 

cry. 
Screech,  v.  n.     Shriek,  scream,  scritch. 
Screech,  n.     See  Scream,  n 
Screed,  «.     [Scotch.}    I.   Rent,  tear. 

2.  Fragment,  shred. 

3.  Harangue,  tirade. 

Screen,  «.     I.    Protection,  guard,  defence,  shield. 

2.  Veil,  disguise,  cloak,  cover. 

3.  Sieve,  riddle. 

Screen,  v.  a.      I.    Hide,  shelter,  cover,  conceal, 
shroud,  mask,  cloak,  protect,  fence,  defend. 
2.   Riddle,  sift. 

Screw,  n.  Miser,  niggard,  curmudgeon,  skinflint, 
extortioner,  churl,  codger,  scrimp,  hunks,  lick- 
penny,  muckworm,  sordid  wretch,  mean  fellow. 

Screw,  V.  a.  I.  Wrench,  squeeze,  press,  twist, 
force. 

2.  Rack,  raise  extortionately,  oppress. 

3.  Distort. 
Screw-jack,  «.    Jack. 

Screw-shapied,  a.  Cochleary,  cochleated,  spiral, 
helical,  winding. 

Screw-Steamer, «.    Propeller. 

Scribble,  v.  n.     Scrawl,  scrabble,  scratch. 

Scribbler,  «.     I.   Scrawler. 
2.   Petty  author. 

Scribe,  «•  I.  Writer,  penman,  chirographer, 
chirographist. 

2.   Clerk,  secretary,  notary,  amanuensis,  copy- 
ist, scrivener. 

Scrimmage,  n.     Skirmish,  scuffle,  brawl,  riot. 

Scrimp,  a.     Scanty,  narrow,  contracted,  deficient. 

Scrimp,  v.  a.  Scant,  contract,  curtail,  pinch, 
limit,  straiten,  reduce,  shorten. 

Scrip,  «.     I.   Wallet,  satchel,  small  bag. 

2.  Certificate,  schedule. 

3.  Certificate  of  stock. 

Scriptural,  a.  Biblical,  Scripture,  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, of  the  Bible. 

Scripture^  «.  I.  Writing,  document,  inscription, 
manuscript,  book, 

2.  The  Scriptures,  the  Bible,  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures, 

Scripture,  a.    See  Scriptural. 

Scriptures,  «./»/.  [With  The  prefixed.]  The 
Bible,  the  Holy  Scriptures,  Scripture,  Holy 
Writ,  the  word  of  God. 

Scrivener,  «.     Vfnitr  {by  profession),  scribe. 

Scrofula,  «,     Struma,  king's  evil. 

Scroll,  n.  I.  Schedule,  list,  roll  of  paper  or 
parchment. 

2.  Flourish,  paraph. 

3.  Volute,  spiral  ornament. 

Scrub,  V.  a.     Scour,  cleanse,  clean,  rub  hard. 
Scrub,  V.  n.     Work  hard. 
Scrub,  n.     I.   Mean  fellow. 

2.    Brushwood,  underwood,  underbrush. 
Scrub,  a.    Mean,  niggardly,  contemptible,  scrubby, 

shabby. 
Scrubbed,  a.    See  Scrubby. 

Scrubby,  a.  I.  Vile,  mean,  pitiful,  poor,  shabby, 
sorry,  miserable,  despicable,  worthless,  small, 
insignificant. 

2.   Small,  diminutive,  puny,  stunted,  dwarfed, 
dwarfish,  pygmy,  pygmean. 
Scrunch,  y.  a.     I.   Crush,  crunch,  scranch. 

2.   Grind  down,  oppress. 
Scruple,  n.     I.   Hesitation,  hesitancy,  perplexity, 
qualm,  nicety,  delicacy. 
2.    Twenty  grains. 
Scruple,  V.  n.     Hesitate,  doubt,  waver. 
Scmpotosity,  n.    Nicety,  niceness,  delicacy,  coo. 


SCRUPULOUS 


372 


SEAR 


scientiousness,    punctiliousness,    scrupulousness, 
preciseness,  caution,  nice  regard  to  propriety,  ten- 
derness of  conscience. 
Scrupttlons,   a.       I.     Conscientious,   punctilious, 
strict,  nice. 

2.  Cautious,  careful,  exact,  vigilant,  circum- 
spect. 

3.  Exact,  precise,  rigorous,  punctilious. 
Scmpulousness,  «.     See  Sckupulosity. 
Scrutinize,  v.  a.      Examine,  investigate,  search, 

canvass,  study,  sift,  explore,  overhaul,  probe,  dis- 
sect, look  into,  search  into,  pry  into,  inquire 
into. 

Scruttn^,  «.  Search,  examination,  investigation, 
inquisition,  exploration,  sifting,  inspection,  search- 
ing or  careful  inquiry,  close  search,  critical  exam- 
ination. 

Scud,  V.  n.     I.   Flee,  run,  speed,  trip,  hie,  post, 
scamper,  haste,  hasten,  fly. 
2.   {Naut.)    Drive  before  a  gale. 

Scuddle,  V.  n.  Scuttle,  hurry,  bustle,  run  about 
{in  affecting  to  be  busy). 

Scuff,  f .  «.     Shuffle. 

Scuffle,  V.  n.  Struggle  {in  a  disorderly  manner), 
contend,  fight,  strive  (as  in  a  close  embrace). 

Scuffle,  n.  Contest  {of  a  disorderly  kind), 
struggle,  fight,  rencounter,  encounter,  broil,  fray, 
brawl,  quarrel,  squabble,  wrangle,  altercation, 
set-to. 

Sculk,  V.  n.    [Written  also  Skulk.]    Lurk. 

Scull,  n.     I.    Boat,  cock-boat. 

2.  Short  oar. 

3.  Skull,  brain-pan. 
Scullery,  «.     Back-kitchen. 

Scullion,  n.     Mean  fellow,  worthless  fellow 

Sculpture,  n.     I.   Statuary,  plastic  art. 
2.   Carved  work 

Sculpture,  v.  a.     I.  Carve,  chisel,  cut,  sculp. 
2.   Engrave,  grave. 

Scum,  «.     Froth,  dross,  refuse,  recrement,  scoria. 

Scurf,  a.     I.   {Med.)     Miliary  scab. 
2.   Soil,  stain,  foul  remains. 

Scur^,  a.  Scabby,  scabbed,  scurvy,  scaly,  lenti- 
ginous,  furfuraceous. 

Scurrlle,  a.  Low,  mean,  scurrilous,  grossly  op- 
probious,  lewdly  jocose. 

Scurrilous,  a.  I.  Abusive,  scurrile,  reproachful, 
opprobrious,  vituperative,  insulting,  insolent,  con- 
tumelious, ribald,  blackguard,  indecent,  offen- 
sive, infamous,  foul,  foul-mouthed. 

2.  Low,  mean,  vile,  foul,  coarse,  vulgar,  gross, 
obscene. 

Scurry,  v.  n.  Hurry,  hasten,  move  rapidly, 
scutter. 

Scurry,  n.     Haste,  hurry,  impetuosity. 

Scurvily,  ad.     Meanly,  basely,  coarsely,  vilely. 

Scurviness,  «.     Meanness,  vileness,  baseness. 

Scurvy,  a.     I.   Scurfy,  scabbed,  scabby. 

2.  Vile,  mean,  low,  vulgar,  base,  bad,  sorry, 
contemptible,  despicable,  worthless,  pitiful, 
abject. 

3.  Offensive,  mischievous,  malicious. 
Scutate,  a.     Clypeiform,    shield-shaped,    buckler- 
shaped. 

Scutcheon,  «.    Shield,  escutcheon,  ensign  armorial, 

emblazoned  shield. 
Scutter,  V.  n.     Scurry,  run,  hurry. 
Scuttle,  V.  n.     Hurry,   bustle,   scuddle,   run   {a/- 

/ecting^  to  be  busy). 
SC3anitar,  «.     [Written   also    Cimeter,   Cimitar, 

Cymetar,   Scimetar,   Scimitar,   and   Simitar. \ 

Oriental  sword. 
Sea,  n.     I.   Ocean,  main,  the  deep,  the  great  deep. 

2.  Wave,  billow,  surge. 

3.  Ocean,  flood,  large  quantity. 
Sea-ape,  «.     Sea-fox,  fox-shark. 
Sea-bar,  ».     Sea-swallow. 


Sea-bear,  «.    White  bear,  Polar  bear. 

Sea-biscuit,  «.     Ship-biscuit. 

Sea-board,  «.     Beach,  strand,    shore,   sea-coast, 

sea-shore,  coast -line. 
Sea-cabbage,  «.     Sea-kale,  sea-colewort  {Crambe 

tnaritima). 
Sea-calf, «.     Seal,  ^hoca. 
Sea-card,  n.     Compass,  mariner's  card. 
Sea-coal,  «.     Mineral  coal,  pit  coal 
Sea-coast,   «.     Sea-board,   beach,   strand,   shore, 

coast. 
Sea-colewort,  «.     See  Sea-cabbage. 
Sea-cow,  «.    I.  Walrus,  morse,  sea-horse  {Triche- 

chus  rostnarus), 

2.  Manatee,  lamantine. 

3.  Dugong,  halicore. 
Sea-crawfish,  «.     Spiny  lobster. 
Sea-cucumber,  «.     Trepang,   sea-slug,    sea-pud- 
ding, beche-de-mer . 

Sea-dog,  «.     I.   Dog-fish. 

2.  Sea-calf,  seal. 

3.  Old  sailor,  salt  {colloq. ). 
Sea-egg,  «.     Sea-urchin,  sea-hedgehog. 
Sea-elephant,    «.     Elephant-seal     {Macrorhinus 

proboscideus)- 

Seafarer,  «.  Mariner,  seaman,  sailor,  tar,  sea- 
faring man. 

Sea-fennel,  «.     Samphire. 

Sea-fox,  n.  Thresher,  sea-ape,  fox-shark  {A  lopias 
vulpes). 

Sea-hog,  «.     Porpoise. 

Sea-horse,    «.     (Zw/.)    I.   Walrus,    morse,  sea- 
cow  (  Trichechus  rosmarus) 
2.   Hippocampus. 

Sea-kale, «.    See  Sea-cabbagh. 
Sea-king,  «.    Viking. 
Seal,  n.     I.   Stamp. 

2.  Wax,  wafer,  fastening. 

3.  Attestation,    authentication,  confirmation, 
ratification,  assurance,  pledge. 

4.  Sea-calf,  tang-fish, /A^ca. 
Seal,  V.  a.     I.   Close,  fasten,  secure. 

2.  Confirm,  ratify,  establish,  sanction,  authenti- 
cate, attest. 

3.  Keep  close,  keep  secret,  shut  close,  make 
fast. 

4.  Enclose,  confine,  imprison. 

Sea-lion, «.    Seal. 

Sea-loach,  n.  Rockling,  whistle-fish,  three- 
bearded  cod,  three-bearded  gade  {Motella  vul- 
garis). 

Seal-ring,  «.     Signet-ring. 

Seam,  «.  I.  Suture,  commissure,  joint,  line  of 
juncture. 

2.  Fissure,  crevice. 

3.  {Mining.)    Thin  layer,   stratum,   or  bed; 
narrow  vein. 

4.  Scar,  cicatrice,  cicatrix. 
Seam,  v.  a.     I.    Unite,  join  together. 

2.   Scar,  mark  with  a  cicatrix,  line. 

Sea-maid,  n.     I.    Mermaid,  siren. 
2.    Sea-nymph,  water-nymph. 

Seaman,  n.  Sailor,  mariner,  seafarer,  seafaring 
man,  tar. 

Sea-mew,  «.  Mew,  gull,  cob,  sea-cob,  sea-mall, 
sea-mell,  sea-mule. 

Seamstress,  «.     Sempstress,  needle-woman. 

S6ance,  «.     [Fr.]     Session,  sitting. 

Sea-needle,  «.  Gar-fish,  snook,  greenbnne,  par- 
pike,  snacot,  sea-pike,  long-nose,  gore-bill,  sword- 
fish,  mackerel-guide  {Esox  belone  or  Belone  vul- 
garis). 

Sea-pike,  «•     See  Sea-needle. 

Sear,  v.  a.     I.   Dry,  wither. 

2.  Cauterize,  burn  with  a  hot  iron,  burn  with 
cautery,  scorch. 

3.  Make  callous,  make  insensible. 


SEAR 


373 


SECURITY 


4.   Brand. 
SeftTt  a-     ^ry*  withered,  sere. 
Search^  v.   a.     I.   Examine,   explore,    scrutinize, 

investigate,    overhaul,    sift,    inspect,   look    into, 

search  into,  pry  into,  peer  into. 

2.  Inquire  after,  seek,  look  for. 

3.  Probe. 

4.  Examine,  try,  test. 

Search,  v.  n.     I.   Seek,  look,  make  search,  hunt. 
2.    Inquire,  make  inquiry. 

Searcllr  «•  Examination,  inquiry,  scrutiny,  re- 
search, exploration,  investigation,  quest,  pursuit, 
inspection,  seeking. 

Searcher,  «.  Seeker,  explorer,  examiner,  in- 
quirer, investigator,  trier. 

Searching,  a.     I.   Penetrating,  trying,  close,  keen. 
2.    Exploring,   examining,  inquiring,  seeking, 
investigating,  probing. 

Searchless,  a.     Unsearchable,  inscrutable. 

Seared,  a.     I.   Cauterized,  burnt  on  the  surface. 
2.    Hardened,    callous,   impenitent,   unrepent- 
ant, obdurate,  graceless,  incorrigible,  shameless, 
irreclaimable. 

Searedness,  n.     Hardness,  insensibility. 

Sea-robber,  «  Pirate,  corsair,  buccaneer,  pica- 
roon, sea-rover,  sea-thief. 

Sea-rover,  «•     See  Sea-robber, 

Sea-salt,  «  Common  salt  {obtaimd  by  evapo- 
rating sea-water),  chloride  of  sodium,  muriate 
of  soda. 

Sea-scape,  «.     Sea-piece,  sea-picture. 

Sea-shore,  «.     Beach,  strand,  shore,  sea-coast. 

Sea-sickness,  «.  Nausea  {caused  by  the  tossing 
of  a  vessel  at  sea). 

Sea-slug,  n.  Trepang,  sea-cucumber,  becAe-de- 
tner. 

Season,  ».     I.    Period  of  the  year. 

2.  Time,    conjuncture,    fit    time,    convenient 
time,  suitable  time. 

3.  While,  time,  spell,  terra,  interval,  period. 
Season,  v.   a.     I.   Habituate,  accustom,  acclima- 
tize,  mature,  inure,   harden,  form,  train,  fit  by 
habit. 

2.  Prepare,  fit. 

3.  Make  palatable,  give  relish  to,  spice. 

4.  Moderate,  temper,  qualify. 

5.  Gratify,  tickle. 

6.  Taint,  tinge,  imbue. 

Season,  v.  n.     Be  seasoned,  become  seasoned.^ 
Seasonable,  a.  Timely,  opportune,  fit,  convenient, 

suitable,  appropriate. 
Seasonably,  ad.    In  due  time,  sufficiently  early, 

in  season,  opportunely. 
Seasoning,  n.    Condiment,  relish,  sauce,  salt. 
Sea-swine,  «.     Porpoise. 
Seat,  «.     I.    Place,  station,  site,  situation. 

2.  Abode,      dwelling,      residence,     mansion, 
house. 

3.  Bottom,  fundament. 

Seat,  V.  a.  I.  Place,  station,  locate,  establish, 
fix,  set,  settle,  situate. 

2.  Cause  to  sit. 

3.  Fix,  set  firm. 

Sea-tortoise,  «.     Turtle,  marine  tortoise. 

Sea-tront,  «.  Hirling,  salmon-trout  (Sa/ma 
trutta). 

Sea-unicorn,  «.  Narwhal,  unicorn-fish,  unicorn- 
whale  [Monodon  tnonoceros). 

Sea-urchin,  «.     Sea-e<»p.  sea-hedgehoR,  echinus. 

Sea-water,  «.     Salt-water,  water  of  the  sea. 

SebaceotIS,  a.  Fat,  fatty,  unctuous,  greasy,  oily, 
oleaginous,  adipose. 

Secant,  a.     Cutting,  dividing. 

Secede,  v.  n.     Withdraw,  retire,  draw  off, 

Seceder,  «.     Sectary,  separatist. 

Secession,  «.     I.   withdrawal,  separation. 
2.  Departure. 


Seclude,  V.  a.    I.   Separate  (from  society),  keep 

apart. 
2.    Shut  out,  exclude,  repel. 
Secluded,  a.     Retired,  withdrawn,  close,  seques> 

tered,  iso-ated,  private. 
Seclusion,    «.     Separation,    retirement,     privacy, 

secrecy,  obscurity,  solitude,  wiihdrawnient. 
Second,  a.     I.   Next  to  the  first  (m  place  or  in 

titfte). 

2.  Other. 

3.  Secondary,  inferior. 

Second,  n.     I.   Maiutainer,  supporter,  helper,  as- 
sistant, backer. 
2.   Sixtieth  part  of  a  minute. 

Second,  V.  a.     I.    Support,  help,  forward,  assist, 
aid,    promote,    back,    encourage,   abet,   further, 
advance,  stand  by,  side  with,  take  part  with. 
2.    Approve,  favor,  support. 

Secondary,  a.     Subordinate,  inferior,  minor. 

Secondary^  n.    Deputy,  delegate,  proxy. 

Second-sight,  «.     Prophetic  vision. 

Secrecy,  «.     I.   Concealment,  privacy,  stealth. 
2.   Seclusion,    retirement,    privacy,     solitude, 
separation. 

Secret,  a.  I.  Hidden,  hid,  concealed,  covert, 
privy,  close,  covered,  shrouded,  veiled,  unseen, 
unknown,  unrevealed,  mysterious,  cryptic. 

2.  Clandestine,  sly,  underhand,  underhanded, 
concealed,  hidden,  privy,  stealthy. 

3.  Secluded,  retired,  private,  unseen,  hid,  con- 
cealed, privy. 

4.  Occult,  mysterious,  latent,  obscure,  recon- 
dite, abstruse,  unknown,  hidden. 

Secret,  «.     I.   Something  concealed. 
2.    Mystery 

Secretary,  «.     I.    Scribe,  clerk,  writer. 
2.    Escritoire,  writing-desk. 

Secrete,  v.  a.     I.   Hide,   conceal,  shroud,   bury, 
disguise. 
2.   Separate  {as  from  blood  or  sap),  secern. 

Secretive,  a.  Reserved,  reticent,  close,  uncom- 
municative, cautious,  wary,  taciturn. 

Secretly,  ad.     Privately,  privily,  underhand. 

Sect,  n.     Denomination,  school. 

Sectarian,  a.  Party,  schismatical,  exclusive, 
narrow,  intolerant. 

Sectarian,  «.     Sectary,  partisan,  schismatic. 

Sectary*  «.     I.   Dissenter,  non-conformist. 

2.   Separatist,  schismatic,  seceder,  sectarian. 

Section,  n      I.   Division,  portion,  part. 
2.    Segment,  portion,  part,  ijiece. 

Sectional,  a.  [Modem.]  Partial,  exclusive,  nar- 
row, selfish,  party. 

Secular,  a.  Temporal,  worldly,  profane,  lay,  laic, 
laical. 

Secularism, «.    See  Secularity. 

Secularity,  «.  Worldliness,  secularism,  secular* 
ness,  worldly-mindedness. 

Seculamess, «.     See  Secularity. 

Secxmdines,  «  //.     Afterbirth,  placenta. 

Secundum  artem.    fL.]    Skilfully,  cleverW,  well 

Secure,  a.     I.   Certain,  sure,  assured,  confident. 

2.  Safe,  free  from  danger,  protected,  insured. 

3.  Fixed,  fast,  stable,  immovable. 

4.  Careless,  unsuspecting,  undisturbed,  easy. 

5.  Over-confident,    incautious,  careless,  inat- 
tentive, heedless,  negligent. 

6.  Confident,  relying,  depending. 
Secure,  v.  a.     I.   Guard,  protect,  make  safe. 

2.  Insure,    assure,  ensure,    guarantee,   make 
sure,  make  certain,  make  sure  of. 

3.  Fasten,  make  fast.^ 

4.  Get,    acquire,    gain,    procure,  obtain,  get 
possession  of. 

Security, «.    I.  Safety. 

2.    Protection,     safeguard,    defence,     shelter, 
guard,  bulwark,  palladium. 


SEDATE 


374 


SELDOM 


3.  Pledge,  pawn,  deposit,  surety,  stake,  guar- 
antee, warranty,  bond. 

4.  Carelessness,  heedlessness,  over-confidence, 
negligence. 

5.  Certainty,  assuredness,    confidence,    ease, 
assurance- 
Sedate,    a.      Calm,    composed,    collected,    quiet, 

placid,  serene,  tranquil,  still,  unruffled,  undis- 
turbed, settled,  imperturbable,  sober,  serious, 
stoid,  demure,  cool,  philosophical,  contemplative, 
grave,  thoughtful. 

S^iative,  a.  Soothing,  tranquillizing,  allaying, 
composing,  anodyne,  calming,  assuasive,  as- 
suaging, lenient,  lenitive,  demulcent,  balmy. 

Sedative,  «.  Opiate,  anodyne,  narcotic,  anaes- 
thetic, hypnotic. 

Sedent,  a.    Sitting,  inactive,  quiet. 

Sedentary,  a.  Inactive,  motionless,  sluggish, 
torpid. 

Sedge,  «.    Reed,  flag. 

Sediment,  «.  Dregs,  lees,  settlings,  grounds, 
precipitate. 

Sedition,  «.  Insurrection,  riot,  rising,  rebellion, 
revolt,  tumult,  mutiny,   uproar. 

Seditious,  a.  Rebellious,  mutinous,  refractory, 
insurgent,  tumultuous,  factious,  riotous,  incendi- 
ary, turbulent. 

Seduce,  v.  a.  Allure,  decoy,  entice,  attract,  tempt, 
inveigle,  mislead,  lead  astray,  ensnare,  corrupt, 
deprave,  deceive,  train. 

Seducement,  «.     See  Seduction. 

Seduction,   «.      I.    Enticement,    allurement,    se- 
ducement,   solicitation,    attraction,    temptation, 
witchery. 
2.   Lure,  decoy,  bait,  temptation. 

Seductive,  a.  Enticing,  alluring,  tempting,  at- 
tractive. 

SeduUty,  «•    See  Sedulousness. 

Sedulous,  a.  Diligent,  assiduous,  industrious, 
laborious,  active,  busy,  notable,  persevering, 
painstaking,  unremitting,  diligently  employed, 
busily  engaged. 

Sedulousness,  n.  Assiduity,  assiduousness,  in- 
dustry, diligence,  sedulity. 

See,  n.     I.  Diocese. 
2.   Papal  court. 

See,  V.  a.     I.   Behold,  descry,  view. 

2.  Perceive,  notice,  observe,  discern,  distin- 
guish, know,  remark,  comprehend,  understand, 
conceive. 

3.  Visit,  call  on. 

4.  Regard,  look  to,  care  for,  give  attention  to, 
attend  to,  beware. 

5.  Attend,  escort,  wait  upon,  accompany. 

6.  Experience,  feel,  suffer,  know,  meet  with. 
See,  V.  ft.     I.   Look. 

2.  Inquire,  examine,  notice,  mark,  observe, 
distinguish,  consider. 

3.  Take  heed,  take  care,  be  careful,  beware, 
be  attentive,  pay  attention. 

4.  Perceive,  penetrate,  discern,  understand, 
look. 

See,  interj.     Look,  lo,  behold,  observe. 

See  at)0Ut.    Consider,  take  into  consideration,  pay 

attention  to  it. 
Seed,  «.     I.   Semen,  sperm. 

2.  {Bot.')  Y.mhryo  {with  its  envelope  or  peri- 
carp), matured  ovule,  kernel,  grain. 

3.  Original,  first  principle,  germ. 

4.  Progeny,  offspring,  descendants,  children. 

5.  Race,  generation,  birth. 
Seeded,  a.     I.   Matured,  full-grown. 

2.    Sown,  sprinkled  with  seed. 
Seediness,  ».     Shabbiness(<r<7//^y.)- 
Seed-lobe,  «.     Cotyledon,  seed-leaf. 
Seed-vessiel,    n.      Pericarp,    pod,    case,  capsule, 
legume. 


Seedy,  a.  (.Collog.)  I.  old,  worn,  faded, 
shabby. 

2.  Poor,  needy,  destitute,  indigent,  distressed 
penniless,  pinched,  out  of  money,  short  of 
money,  out  of  pocket,  out  of  cash,  out  at  the 
elbows,  in  need,  in  want,  in  distress. 

Seeing,  «.     I.   Sight,  vision. 
2.   Perception. 

Seeing,  conj.  Considering,  since,  because,  inas- 
much as,  for  the  reason  that,  it  being  so. 

See  into.  J    Comprehend,  understand,  see  with 

See  through.  )      half  an  eye,  see  easily. 

Seek,  V.  a.  I.  Search  for,  seek  for,  look  for,  look 
after,  try  to  find. 

2.  Solicit,  ask,  inquire  for,  try  to  get,  endeavor 
to  gain. 

3.  Solicit,  pursue,  court,  prosecute,  follow. 

4.  Go  to,  resort  to,  have  recourse  to. 

5.  Aim  at,  attempt,  pursue,  strive  after. 

6.  Search. 

Seek,  V.  n.     I.    Search,  make  search,  look. 

2.   Try,  strive,  endeavor,  attempt. 
Seek  after.     Seek,  search  for,  seek  for,  look  for, 

look  after,  try  to  find,  make  pursuit  of,  attempt 

to  find. 
Seeker,  «.     Inquirer. 

Seek-sorrow,  «.     Hypochondriac,  self-tormentor. 
Seel,  V.  a.     Close,  blind,  hoodwink. 
Seem,  v.  n.      I.  Appear,    look,    appear   to    be, 

present  the    appearance,    have  the  appearance, 

strike  one  as  being. 

2,  Appear,  be  seen. 

3.  Assume,  pretend. 

Seeming,  «.  Show,  appearance,  semblance,  look, 
color,  guise. 

Seeming,  a.    I.  Apparent,  specious,  ostensible. 
2.    Appearing. 

Seemingly,  ad.  Apparently,  ostensibly,  in  show, 
in  semblance,  in  appearance. 

Seemliness,  n      I.   Fitness,  propriety,  decency, 
decorum. 
2.   Comeliness,  beauty,  grace. 

Seemly,  a.  I.  Fit,  fitting,  befitting,  becoming, 
proper,  suitable,  convenient,  appropriate,  con- 
gruous, meet,  decent,  decorous,  right. 

2.  Comely,  fair,  beautiful,  handsome,  pretty, 
well-favored,  graceful. 

Seer,  «.  Prophet,  foreteller,  predictor,  sooth- 
sayer, vaticinator. 

Seethe,  v.  a.    I.   Boil. 
2.   Steep,  soften,  soak. 

Seethe,  v.  ».     Boil,  be  hot. 

Segment,  «.     Portion,  section,  part. 

Segregate,  a.     Separate,  select. 

Segregate,  v.  a.  Separate,  dissociate,  part,  insu- 
late, isolate,  set  apart. 

Segregation,  «.  Separation,  disconnection,  insu- 
lation, isolation,  detachment,  parting,  dispersion. 

SeidUtZ-pOWder,  «.     Rochelle-powder. 

Seignior, «.    Lord. 

Seigniorage,  n.     Royalty,  share  of  profit. 

Seigniory,  «•     Lordship,  manor. 

Seine,  «.     Large  fishing-net. 

Seize,  v.  a.  I.  Gripe,  grasp,  snatch,  clutch, 
catch,  capture,  grapple,  lay  hold  on,  lay  hold 
of,  fasten  upon,  lay  hands  on,  take  hold  of 
{forcibly  and  suddenly). 

2.  Come  upon  suddenly  {as  attacks  of  disease), 
attack,  take  hold  of. 

3.  Fasten,  fix. 

4.  Comprehend,  apprehend. 

5.  Take,  capture,  arrest,  apprehend. 
Seized  of .    {La%v.)     Possessing,  possessed  of. 
Seizure,  n.     I.   Taking,  catching,  griping,  grasp- 
ing, capture,  appropriation. 

2.   Retention,  possession,  hold,  grasp,  gripe. 
Seldom,  ad.     Rarely,  infrequently. 


SELECT 


376 


SENSE 


Selectf  V.  a.  Choose,  pick,  cull,  prefer,  pick  out, 
single  out,  pitch  upon,  fix  upon. 

Selet^,    a.      I.   Selected,    chosen,    picked,    rare, 
choice,  good,  excellent,  exquisite. 
2.    Preferable. 

Selection,  «.     Choice,  pick,  election,  preference. 

Self-abasement,  ».  Humiliation,  humility,  hum- 
bleness, meekness,  lowliness. 

Self-abnegation,  n.     Self-denial,  self-sacrifice. 

Self-abuse,  n.  Onanism,  masturbation,  self-pol- 
lution. 

Self- asserting,  a.     Bold,  forward,  presuming. 

Self-command,  «.  Self-control,  self-government, 
self-possession,  equanimity. 

Self-complacency,  «.    See  Self-conceit. 

Self-complacent,  a.    See  Self-conceited. 

Self-conceit,  «.  Vanity,  conceit,  self-sufficiency, 
egotism,  self-complacency,  self-esteem,  self-opin- 
ion. 

Self-conceited,  a.  Vain,  egotistical,  conceited, 
self-complacent,  opinionated,  self-sufficient,  self- 
satisfied. 

SeU-confidence, «.    Self-reliance. 

Self-contained,  a.     Reserved,  reticent,  taciturn. 

Self-control,  ».  Self-command,  self-government, 
self-restraint. 

Self-deception,  ».  Illusion,  delusion,  hallucina- 
tion, monomania. 

Self-denial,  «.  Self-abnegation,  self-sacrifice, 
unselfishness,  devotion,  disinterestedness. 

Self-denying,  a.  Self-sacrificing,  devoted,  gener- 
ous, unselfish,  disinterested. 

Self-destruction,  «.  Suicide,  self-murder,  self- 
slaughter,  self-homicide- 

Self -dubbed,  a.  Pretended,  would-be,  self-styled, 
soi-disant. 

Self-esteem,  n.  Self-complacency,  self-conceit, 
self-sufficiency,  vanity. 

Self-explanatory,  a.     Obvious. 

Self-government,  «.     I.  Self  control,  sell-mas- 
tery, self-restraint,  self-command. 
2.    Democracy. 

Self-importance,  n.    Pride,  vanity,  conceit. 

Self-important,  a.     Pompous,  vai'n,  proud. 

Selfish,  a.  Illiberal,  mean,  ungenerous,  narrow, 
narrow-minded,  self-seeking. 

Selfishness,  «.  Undue  love  of  self,  self-interest, 
private  interest,  illiberality,  meanness,  self-love. 

Self-mastery,  «.  Self-command,  self-control,  self- 
restraint,  self-government. 

Self-murder,  «.  Suicide,  self-destruction,  self- 
slaughter,  self-homicide- 

Self-murderer,  «.     Suicide,  felo-de-se. 

Self-pleached,  a.     Intertwined,  intertwisted. 

Self-pollution,  n.  Onanism,  masturbation,  self- 
abuse. 

Self-possessed,  a.  Calm,  placid,  composed,  un- 
ruffled, uiiexcited,  cool,  undisturbed,  sedate. 

Self-possession,  «.  Calmness,  composure,  cool- 
ness,    self-command,     self-control,    equanimity 

Self-reliance,  n.  Confidence  (in  one's  own  pow- 
ers), self-confidence,  resolution,  assurance,  firm- 
ness, courage,  intrepidity. 

Self-respect,  «.     Pride,  dignity. 

Self-restraint,  «.  Self-command,  self-mastery, 
self-control,  self-government. 

Self-sacrifice,  «.  Self-denial,  self-abnegation, 
unselfishness,  devotion,  generosity,  disinterested- 
ness. 

Self -same,  a.  Same,  identical,  the  very  same, 
exactly  the  same. 

Self-seeker,  «.     Selfish  person. 

Self-seekin?,  a.     Selfish,  illiberal,  mean. 

Self-slaughter,  n.  Suicide,  self-murder,  self- 
destruction. 

Self -Styled,  a.  Pretended,  would-be,  self-dubbed, 
soi  disant. 


Self-sufficiency,  «.  Conceit,  conceitedness, 
pride,  haughtiness,  self-complacency,  self-con- 
ceit, self-esteem,  self-confidence. 

Self-sufficient,  a.  Proud,  haughty,  overbearing, 
assuming,  arrogant,  over -weening,  consequential, 
lordly. 

Self-will,  «.  Wilfulness,  stubbornness,  dogged- 
ness,  obstinacy,  pig-headedness- 

Self-Willed,   «.     Wilful,   dogged,   obstinate,    un- 
compliant, contumacious,  headstrong,  stubborn- 
Sell,  V.  a.     I.   Vend,  barter,  exchange,  put  up  to 
sale. 
2.    Betray,  take  a  bribe  for. 

Seller,  «.     Vender. 

Selvage,    I  «.     List,  strip  of  cloth  i/orming^  an 

Selvedge, )     edge). 

Semaphore,  «.     Telegraph. 

Semblance,  n.  I.  Likeness,  resemblance,  simi- 
larity. 

2.  Show,  appearance,  seeming,  figure,  form, 
exterior,  air,  mien,  aspect,  bearing 

3.  Likeness,  image,  similitude,  representation. 
Semen,  «.     [L.]     Sperm,  seed. 

Semi,  «.     [L.]     [Used as  a  prefix.']     Half. 

Semi-annual,  a.     Half-yearly. 

Semi-barbarian,  a.    See  Semi-barbarous. 

Semi-barbarous,  a.  Half-civilized,  semi-barba- 
rian, semi-savage,  half-barbarous,  semi-barbaric. 

Semi-diameter, ».    Radius. 

Seminal,  a.  Germinal,  original,  rudimental,  rad- 
ical. 

Seminary,  «.  School,  academy,  high-school, 
institute,  gymnasium,  college,  university,  place 
of  education. 

Semi-savage,  a.  Semi-barbarous,  half-civilized, 
semi-barbarian. 

Semi-transparent,  a.  Translucent,  imperfectly 
transparent. 

Sempiternal,  a.  Everlasting,  endless,  perpetual, 
ever-dunng,  unending,  eternal. 

Sempstress,  n.     Seamstress,  needle-woman. 

Send,  V.  a.  I.  Throw,  hurl,  cast,  fling,  impel, 
propel,  emit,  project,  toss,  launch,  lance,  jaculate. 

2.  Despatch,  delegate,  depute,  send  forth, 
send  out. 

3.  Transmit,  forward. 

4.  Give,  bestow,  grant,  confer. 

5.  Commission,  authorize. 

6.  Inflict,  bestow. 

Seneca-oil,  n.  Petroleum,  rock-oil,  naphtha,  min* 
eral  oil,  mineral  tar,  Barbadoes  tar. 

Seneca-root,  «.  [Written  also  Senega-root  and 
Seneka-rooi.]  Virginia  snake-root,  rattlesnake- 
root. 

Seneschal,  ».     Steward. 

Senile,  a.    i.  Aged. 

2.    Imbecile,  doting. 

Senility,  «.    I.  Old  age. 

2.    ImhecUhy  {/rom  old  age),  dotAge, 
Senior,  a      I.   Older,  elder. 

2.    Higher,  more  advanced. 
Senior. ».    Elder. 
Seniority,  «.    I.  Eldership. 

2.    Priority,  superiority. 
Sensation,  «.     I.    Feeling  (without  Perception  or 
a  reference  to  any  object  that  causes  the  feeling), 
sense,  perception. 

Z    Excitement,  impression 
Sense,  «.     I.    Faculty  of  perception. 

2.  Feeling,  sensation,  perception. 

3.  Intellect,  mind,  understanding,  reason, 
brains,  thinking  principle. 

4.  Discernment,  perception,  apprehension, 
understanding,  appreciation,  feeling,  recognition, 
Uct. 

5.  Opinion,  judgment,  notion,  idea,  view,  sen- 
timent. 


SENSELESS 


876 


SERENITY 


6.  Signification,  meaning,  import,  purport, 
interpretation. 

7.  Consciousness,  conviction,  moral  percep- 
tion. 

8.  Reason,  understanding,  judgment,  good 
mental  capacity,  soundness,  sagacity,  wisdom. 

Senseless,  a.  I.  Inert,  not  sentient,  without  per- 
ception. 

2.  Insensible,  unfeeling,  apathetic. 

3.  Unreasonable,  foolish,  nonsensical,  ill- 
judged,  unwise,  absurd,  unmeaning,  silly. 

4.  Stupid,  foolish,  doltish,  silly,  simple,  wit- 
less, weak-minded. 

5.  Unconscious,  insensible,  unknowing. 
Seiisibili1y>  n.    I.    Feeling,  sensitiveness,  suscep- 
tibility, impressibility. 

2.   Delicacy  of  feeling,  tender  feeling,   quick 
emotion. 
Sensible,  a.      I.    Perceptible  {by  any  of  the  senses 
or  by  the  mind),  apprehensible,  that   makes  an 
impression. 

2.  Cognizant,  observant,  aware,  conscious, 
convinced,  persuaded,  satisfied. 

3.  Judicious,  wise,  discreet,  sage,  sagacious, 
reasonable,  intelligent,  rational,  sober,  sound, 
understanding. 

4.  Sensitive. 

5.  Impressible. 

Sensitive,  a.     I.   Sentient,  perceptive. 

2.   Impressible,  easily  affected. 
Sensitize,  v.  a.     {Photography.)    Make  sensitive 

to  light. 
Sensual >  a.     I.   Camal,  fleshly,  unspiritual. 

2.  Voluptuous,  luxurious. 

3.  Lewd,  dissolute,  licentious. 
Sensualist,  «.     Voluptuary,  epicure,  sybarite,  free- 
liver,  man  of  pleasure. 

Sensuality,  «.     I.    Voluptuousness,  carnality. 
2.   Lewdness,  dissoluteness,  licentiousness. 

Sensuous,  a.  Affecting  the  senses  {mediately  or 
immediately),  that  concerns  sensible  objects  or 
impressions  derived  from  the  senses,  material. 

Sentence,  «.  I.  Decision,  judgment,  determina- 
tion, opinion. 

2.  Dogma,  doctrine,  tenet,  opinion. 

3.  {Common  Law.)  Condemnation,  doom, 
judgment  passed  on  a  criminal. 

4.  {Civil  and  Admiralty  Law.)  Judicial 
decree. 

5.  Period,  proposition. 

6.  Maxim,  axiom,  apothegm. 

Sentence,  v.  a.     Doom,  condemn,  pass  judgment 

upon. 
Sententious,  a.      Pithy,  terse,   laconic,  succinct, 

concise,  compendious,  didactic,  pointed,  compact, 

full  of  meaning,  very  expressive,  to  the   point, 

short  and  energetic. 
SententiOUSly,  ad.     Expressively,  pithily,  tersely, 

concisely. 
Sententiousness,  n.      Pithiness,  terseness,  point, 

vigor,  compactness. 
Sentient,  a.      Perceiving,   perceptive,    sensitive, 

feeling. 
SenHmenty  n.     I.  Feeling,  sensibility,  tenderness, 

emotion,  tender  susceptibility. 

2.  Thought  {prompted  by  feeling),  opinion, 
notion,  judgment. 

3.  Saying,  maxim,  striking  remark. 

4.  Thought,  feeling,  disposition,  state  of 
mind. 

Sentimental,  a.  I.  Tender,  impressible,  roman- 
tic 

2.  Sententious,  didactic,  thoughtful. 

3.  Pathetic,  romantic. 
Sentimentalism,  n.    Sentimentality,  affectation  of 

sentiment,  affected  sensibility. 

Sentimentality, ».    See  Sbntimentalism. 


Sentinel,  «.      Watchman,  guard,  sentry,   guards- 
man. 

Sentry,  n     I.   See  Sentinel. 

2.    Watch,  guard,  watch  and  ward. 

Separability,  «.     Divisibility. 

Separable,  a.     Divisible,  discerpible. 

Separate,  v.  a.     I.    Disjoin,  disunite,  part,  divide, 
sever,  dissever,  detach,  disconnect,  disengage. 

2.  Sever,  sunder,  lie  between,  hold  apart. 

3.  Withdraw,  remove,  eliminate,  set  apart. 
Separate,  v.  n.      I.    Part,  divide,  be  divided,  be 

disunited,  be  separated,  sunder. 
2.   Cleave,  open,  be  divided. 
Separate,  a.      I.    Disjoined,  disconnected,  disso- 
ciated,  detached,  disjointed,    disunited,    parted, 
divided,  severed. 

2.  Unconnected,  distinct 

3.  Alone,  withdrawn. 

4.  Disunited,  incorporeal. 
Separately,  ad.     Distinctly,  singly,  apart. 
Separation,  «.     I.    Disjunction,  dissociation. 

2.  Disunion,  disconnection,  division. 

3.  Analysis,  decomposition,  disunion. 

4.  Divorce,  disunion. 

Separatist,  «.     Sectary,  schismatic,  dissenter,  se- 
ceder,  non-conformist. 

Separator,  «,     Divider. 

Sepia,  n.    I.  Cuttle-fish. 
2.    India  ink. 

Sept,  n.    Tribe,  clan,  race,  family,  generation. 

Septentrion, «.    The  north. 

Septentrional,  a.     Northern. 

Septilateral,  a.     Seven-sided. 

Septuple,  a.     Sevenfold 

Sepulchral,  a.     I.   Monumental. 

2.  Funereal,  mournful,  sombre,  sad,  woful, 
gloomy,  dismal,  lugubrious,  melancholy,  deep, 
grave,  hollow. 

Sepulchre,  n.      Tomb,  ^rave,   ossuary,   charnel- 
house,  burial  vatilt,  burial-place,  sepulture. 

Sepulchre,  v.  a.     Bury,  inter,  entomb. 

Sepulture,  «.     I.    Burial,  interment,  inhumation. 
2.   Grave,  burial-place,  sepulchre,  tomb. 

SeQUel,  n.     I.   Continuation,  succeeding  part. 

2.  Close,  conclusion,  termination,  denouement. 

3.  Consequence,  event,  issue,  upshot,  result 
Sequence,  «.     I.    Succession,  following. 

2.  Order  of  succession,  arrangement. 

3.  Series,  succession. 

Sequester,  v.  a.     I.    Separate,  set  aside,  seques- 
trate. 

2.  Remove,  put  aside,  sejjarate,  set  apart 

3.  Withdraw,  seclude,  retire. 
Sequestered,  a-     I.  {Law.)    Seized  and  detained. 

2.  Private,  retired,  secluded,  withdrawn,  hid- 
den, unfrequented. 

3.  Separated,  set  apart 
Sequestrate,  v.  a.     I.    Sequester,  set  aside. 

2.    {International  Law.)     Confiscate. 
Sequestration,  «•    I.  Separation,  seclusion,  retire- 
ment. 
2.   Separation. 
Seraglio,  «.     I.   The  Sultan's  palace. 

2.   Harem. 
Seraphic,   a.      I.    Angelic,    celestial,    heavenly, 
sublime. 
2.   Pure,  refined,  holy. 
Sere,  a.    Dry,  withered.     See  Sear. 
Serene,  a.     I.   Calm,  quiet,  placid,  tranquil,  un- 
ruffled,   peaceful,    composed,    undisturbed,   col- 
lected, sedate. 
2.   Clear,  fair,  bright,  calm,  unclouded. 
Serenely,  ad.     I.   Calmly,  quietly. 

2.   Coolly,  deliberately. 
Serenity,   «•      I.     Calmness,   peacefulness,  tran- 
quillity,   collectedness,    sedateness,    composure, 
coolness,  calm,  peace. 


SERF 


377 


SET  AT  NAUGHT 


2.  Clearness,  fairness,  brightness,  calmness, 
stillness,  quietness,  peace. 

3.  Peace,  quietness,  tranquillity,  calm. 
Serft  n.      Slave  {attached  to  the  soil),  bondman, 

thrall,  bond-servant,  villein. 
Seifdom,   n.       Enslavement,    slavery,    servitude, 

bondage,     thraldom,     enthralment,     subjection, 

serfage. 
Serial,  a.      Successive,   consecutive,  continuous, 

continued. 
Serialj  «.     Periodical. 
Seriatim,  ad.      [L.]      In  a  series,  in  order,  one 

after  another. 
Series,   «.      Succession,  order,  sequence,  course, 

line,  concatenation. 
Serious,    a.      I.     Grave,    solemn,    sedate,    staid, 

sober,  earnest,  demure- 

2.  Important,  weighty,  great,  momentous, 
grave. 

3.  In  earnest. 

4.  Dangerous 

Seriously,  ad.     Gravely,  solemnly,  in  earnest. 

Seriousness,   n.      Gravity,  solemnity,   soberness, 
earnestness. 

Sermon,  «.      Homily,  exhortation,  religious  dis- 
course. 

Sermonlns;,  «.     Advice,  instruction,  discourse. 

Sermonize,  v.  n.     Preach,  discourse. 

Serous,  a.       Thin  (as  parts  of  animal  fluids), 
watery,  serose. 

Serpent.  «      Snake. 

Serpentine,   a,      Windmg,  meandering,  crooked, 
anfractuous,   spiral,   tortuous,   undulating,   sinu- 
ous, twisted- 
Serpentine,  n.    Ophite,  green  porphyry. 

Serrate,     1  a.     Notched,  indented,  toothed,  den- 
Serrated,  I      ticulated,  jagged. 

Serried,  a.     Close,  compacted,  crowded. 

Servant,    «.       I.     Servitor,    attendant,    retainer, 
subaltern,  dependant,  subordinate  helper. 
2.    Menial,  domestic,  drudge,  slave. 

Servant-maid,    «.       Maid-servant,    servant-girl, 
female  domestic,  serving-maid- 

Serve,  v.  a.     I.   Work  for,  labor  for,  be  under  the 
orders  of,  be  subservient  to,  obey,  subserve. 

2.  Aid,  assist,  help,  succor,  attend,  oblige,  wait 
on,  minister  to. 

3.  Promote,  advance,  forward,  benefit,  con- 
tribute to,  be  of  use  to,  conduce  to,  assist,  be 
sufficient  for. 

4.  Satisfy,  content,  be  sufficient  for. 

5.  Treat,  behave  toward,  requite,  act  toward. 

6.  Manage,  manipulate,  handle,  work. 

7.  Wait  on,  attend,  supply  («//M  food). 

8.  Place,  arrange,  bring  forward,  deal,  dis- 
tribute 

9.  Be  in  lieu  of,  answer,  do  duty  for. 
10.    Comply  with,  yield  to,  submit  to. 

Serve,  v.  «.     I.    Be  a  servant,  be  a  slave,  be  in 
bondage,  be  in  subjection. 

2.  Obey,  be  dutiful,  perform  duty. 

3.  Answer,  do,  be  sufficient,  be  of  use. 

4.  Suit,  be  convenient,  be  suitable. 

5.  Attend,  wait  on. 

6.  Act,  discharge  the  requirements  of,  officiate, 
minister. 

Serve  one's  time.     Be  an  apprentice,  serve  one's 

apprenticeship. 
SezVice,  ».     I.  Labor(/i7ra«o/'Afr),  work,  menial 

duties. 

2.  Duty,  office,  business,  emplovment 

3.  Benefit,  advantage,  profit,  gain,  good. 

4.  Use,  utility,  avail,  useful  office,  purpose. 

5.  Homage,  mark  of  respect. 

6.  Office  of  devotion,  religious  rite. 

7.  Official  function. 

8.  Spiritual  obedience,  reverence,  love. 


9.   Office  of  devotion,  religious  rite. 
10.    Furniture. 
Serviceable,    a.      I.    Useful,  helpful,  profitable, 
advantageous,  convenient,   beneficial,  available, 
operative. 
2.   Active,  diligent,  officious. 
Service-berryt  «-     June-berry,  shad-bush  {Atne- 

lanchier  Canadensis). 
Service-book,  «     Missal,  prayer-book,  mass-book. 
Servile,  a.     I.   Dependent,  menial,  held  in  bond- 
age, held  in  slavery,  held  in  subjection. 

2.    Slavish,  mean,  base,  cringing,  obsequious, 
fawning,  supple,  grovelling,  sycophantic,  abject, 
low,     Ijeggarly,     sneaking,     base-minded,     low- 
minded,  meanly  submissive. 
Servility,  «.     I.    Slavery,  bondage,  dependence- 
2.    Slavishness,   baseness,    meanness,    abject- 
ness,    abjection,   obsequiousness,  fawning,  syco- 
phancy- 
Servitor,  n.      Servant,  attendant,  dependant,  re- 
tainer, squire,  lackey,  valet,  waiter,  footman. 
Servitude,   «.      Slavery,  bondage,  thraldom,   en- 
thralment, enslavement,  serfdom,  service. 
Sesame,  n.     Benne,  oil-plant. 

Sesqul-carbonate   of   ammonia.      Sal-volatile, 

smelling-salts,  carbonate  of  ammonia. 
Session,  «.     Sitting  {of  a  court.,  of  a  legislature^ 

etc.). 
Set,  V.  a.     I.    Put,  place,  plant,  station,  locate. 

2.  Fix,  establish,  settle,  appoint. 

3.  Stake,  wager,  risk. 

4.  Regulate,  adjust,  adapt. 

5.  Stud,  variegate,  adorn. 

6.  Place,  place  upright,  cause  to  sit,  put,  rest. 

7.  Arrange,  dispose,  station,  post. 

8.  Fix,  determine- 

9.  Prescribe,  appoint,  assign,  predetermine. 

10.  Value,  estimate,  rate,  prize. 

11.  Plant,  transplant. 

12.  Stud,  adorn,  variegate. 

13.  Embarrass,  perplex,  pose. 

14.  Impart,  attach,  join  with,  add  to. 

15.  Write,  note. 

16.  Oppose. 

17.  Offer  for  sale,  expose. 

18.  Contrive,  produce. 

19.  Sharpen,  bring  to  an  edge. 

20.  Replace  {as  a  broken  bone). 

Set,  V.  n.     I.   Decline,  sink,  go  down  {as  the  sun). 

2.  Concrete,   congeal,  solidify,   harden,    con- 
solidate. 

3.  Flow,  run,  tend. 

4.  Plant. 

Set.  a.  I.  Regular,  formal,  established,  pre- 
scribed, settled,  appointed,  ordained. 

2.  Determined,    firm,    unyielding,    obstinate, 
fixed,  stiff,  positive. 

3.  Predetermined,  fixed  beforehand. 

4.  Immovable,  fixed. 

5.  Placed,  put,  located,  fixed. 
*  6.   Regular,  well-arranged. 

Set,  n.     I.   Suit,  assortment,  collection. 

2.  Group,  school,  class,  sect,  party,  knot,  divi- 
sion, cluster,  company,  clique,  coterie. 

3.  Attitude,  position,  posture. 

Set  about.  Begin,  commence,  take  in  hand,  apply 
one's  self  to,  take  the  first  steps  in. 

Setaceous,  a.     Bristly,  setous,  setose. 

Set  apart.  Reserve  {/or  a  particular  use),  ap- 
propriate, dedicate,  consecrate,  devote,  set  aside. 

Set  aside.     I.   Reserve,  set  apart. 

2.  Omit,  leave  out  of  the  account. 

3.  Reject. 

4.  Abrogate,  annul. 

Set  at  defiance.    Defy. 

Set  at  ease.     Quiet,  tranquillize. 

Set  at  naught.    I.  Contemn,  despise,  undervalue. 


SET  BEFORE 


878 


SEVERITY 


2.   Break,  infringe,  transgress,  violate. 
Set  before.     Exhibit,  dispiay. 
Set  by.     Reject,  dismiss,  put  aside. 
Set-down,  «.     Rebuff,  rebuke,  reprehension. 
Set  down.     Register,  record,  state,  put  in  writing, 

chronicle,  make  a  note  of,  jot  down,  take  down, 

make  a  memorandum  of. 

Set  eyes  on.    Behold. 

Set  fire  to.     Kindle,  inflame,  ignite,  set  on  fire. 
Set  forth.     I.   Manifest,  exhibit,  display,   show, 
put  forward. 

2.  Publish,  promulgate,  make  appear. 

3.  Explain,  expound,  represent,   show,  make 
known. 

Set  forward.     Advance,  promote,  further. 

Set  free.      Liberate,   release,   emancipate,   disen- 
thrall, clear,  acquit. 

Set  in.    I.   Flow  in. 

2.   Be  fairly  begun,  be  estabUshed. 

Set  in  order.     Adjust,  arrange,  reduce  to  method. 

Set  off.     {Active.)     I.  Portion    oft,    define    the 
boundaries  of. 
2.   Adorn,  decorate,  embellish. 

Set  off.     (Neuter.)     Start,  set  out. 

Set-off,  «.     I.   Decoration,  ornament,  embellish- 
ment, adornment. 

2.  Off-set. 

3.  Counter-claim,     counter-balance,     equiva- 
lent. 

4.  {Law.)    Counter-claim,  cross-debt,  cross- 
demand. 

Set  on.     I.   Incite,  instigate,  prompt,   encourage, 
spur,  urge,  impel,  influence,  actuate. 
2.  Attack,  assault,  set  upon. 

Set  on  fire.     Inflame,  kindle,  ignite,  set  fire  to. 

Set  on  foot.      Originate,   begin,    set    in    motion, 
start,  set  going. 

Set  out.    {Active.)    I.  Adorn,  decorate,  embel- 
lish. 

2.  Allot,  assign. 

3.  Publish,  proclaim,  issue. 

4.  Raise,  equip,  furnish. 

5.  Show,  display,  recommend- 

6.  Show,  prove. 

7.  Recite,  state. 

Set  out.     {Neuter.)    Start,  set  off. 
Set-out,  «.     {Colloq.)    I.   Preparations. 

2.  Clique,  set,  company. 

3.  Equipage,  turn-out,  display. 
Set  over.     I.   Assign,  transfer,  convey. 

2.   Appoint. 
Set  right.      Correct,  put  in  order. 
Set  store  by.    Esteem  highly,  regard  much,  place 

a  high  value  on,  think  a  good  deal  of. 
Setter-on,  «.     Inciter,  instigator. 
Settle,  «.     Bench,  seat,  stool. 
Settle,  V.  a.     I.    Fix,  establish. 

2.  Decide,   determine,  make  clear,  free  from 
doubt,  confirm. 

3.  Adjust,  regulate,  arrange,  compose. 

4.  Colonize,  people. 

5.  Liquidate,  pay,  discharge,  close  up,  balance, 
adjust. 

6.  {U.  S.\    Ordain  as  pastor. 

7.  Clarify,  defecate,  fine,  clear. 

8.  Compose,    quiet,    tranquillize,  calm,    still, 
allay,  pacify. 

9.  Set,  fix,  confirm. 

10.  Place,  establish,  make  permanent. 

11.  Adjust,  arrange,  finish,  close  up. 
Settle,  V.  n.     I.    Subside,  sink,  fall. 

2.  Rest,    repose,    be    quiet,  be    tranquil,  be 
composed. 

3.  Dwell,  abide,  inhabit,  reside,   plant  one's 
self,  get  established. 

4.  Account,  reckon,  square  accounts,  satisfy 
all  demands. 


Settled,  a.    I.   Fixed,  established,  stable. 

2.  Deep-rooted,  unchanging,  steady,  decided, 
firmly  seated. 

3.  Arranged,  adjusted. 

4.  Quiet,  orderly,  methodical. 

5.  Established,  ordinary,  common,  wonted, 
usual,  customary,  everyday. 

Settlement,  «.     I.   Adjustment,  arrangement. 

2.  Reconciliation,  pacification. 

3.  Liquidation,  payment,  discharge. 

4.  Colonization. 

5.  Colony. 

6.  Ordination,  installation,  establishment, 
fixture. 

Settle  on.     I.   Fix  on,  fix  upon,  determine  on. 
2.   Establish  one's  habitation  upon. 

Settler,  «.     Colonist. 

Settling,  n.     I.   Planting,  colonizing. 
2.    Subsidence. 

Settlings,  «.  //.     Lees,  dregs,  sediment. 

Set  the  hand  to.     Undertake,  engage  in. 

Set  the  heart  upon.  Long  for  earnestly,  fix  one's 
desires  upon. 

Set-to,  «.  (Colloq)  Fight,  combat,  contest,  con- 
flict. 

Set  to  rights.  Adjust,  regulate,  put  in  order,  put 
to  rights. 

Set  up.    {Active.)    I.   Erect,  raise,  elevate. 

2.  Exalt,  raise,  put  in  power. 

3.  Institute,  establish,  found. 

4.  Put  in  type. 

5.  Raise. 

6.  Advance,  propose. 

7.  Fix,  establish. 

Set  Up.    {Neuter.)    I.   Begin  business. 

2.    Profess,  make  pretensions  to. 
Set  upon.    Attack,  assault,  assail,  have  at,  fly  at, 

rush  upon. 
Sever,  x>.  a.     I.   Part,  divide,  separate,  sunder. 

2.  Disjoin,  disunite,  sunder,  separate,  divide. 

3.  Disjoin,  disunite,  detach,  separate,  divide, 
disconnect 

Several,  a.  I.  Separate,  distinct,  independent, 
exclusive. 

2.  Single,  individual,  particular. 

3.  Various,  manifold,  different,  diverse,  dis- 
tinct. 

4.  Sundry,  divers. 
Severally,  ad.     Separately,  distinctly. 
Severance,  «.     Separation,  partition. 

Severe,  a.  I.  Rigid,  stem,  strict,  sharp,  harsh, 
bitter,  austere,  rigorous,  stiff,  strait-laced,  hard, 
unrelenting,  relentless,  inexorable,  peremptory, 
censorious,  cruel,  bitter,  morose. 

2.  Strict,  exact,  accurate,  methodical. 

3.  Simple,  plain,  unadorned,  chaste. 

4.  Caustic,  satirical,  sarcastic,  keen,  cutting, 
stinging,  biting,  sharp,  harsh,  bitter,  cruel, 
trenchant. 

5.  Distressing,  afflictive,  acute,  violent,  ex- 
treme, intense,  sharp. 

6.  Serious,  earnest,  sedate,  grave,  austere, 
sober. 

7.  Exact,  critical,  rigorous,  hard. 
Severely,  ad.     I.    Harshly,  sharply,  sternly,  rig- 
idly. 

2.  Strictly,  rigorously. 

3.  Painfully,  fiercely,  extremely,  distressingly, 
afflictively. 

Severity,  «.  I.  Sternness,  harshness,  rigor,  aus- 
terity, gravity,  strictness 

2.  Strictness,  exactness,  accuracy. 

3.  Simplicity,  plainness. 

4.  Sharpness,  keenness,  causticity,  acrimony. 

5.  Extremity,  afflictiveness,  violence,  keen- 
ness. 

6.  Harshness,  cruel  treatment. 


SEW 


879 


SHANTY 


7.   Exactness,  rigor,  niceness,  rigorousness. 
Sew,  V.  n.     Work  with  needle  and  thread,  stitch. 
Sew,  V.  a.     Stitch. 
Sewage,  »■     I.   Contents  of  a  sewer. 

2.   Drainage,  sewerage. 
Sewer,  n.     Drain,  subterranean  canal. 
Sewerage,  «.     I.  Drainage,  sewage. 

2.   Sewage,  contents  of  a  sewer. 
Sexangle,  «.     Hexagon. 
Sextuple,  a.    Sixfold. 

Shabby,  a.  I.  Ragged,  worn,  faded,  threadbare, 
worn  out,  poor,  mean. 

2.   Mean,  base,  low,  despicable,  contemptible, 
beggarly,   paltry,    unhandsome,    ungentlemanly. 
Shackle,  n.     Fetter,  gyve,  chain,  handcuff,  man- 
acle. 
Shackle,  v.  a.     I.   Fetter,  chain,   manacle,  ham- 
per, gyve. 

2.  Trammel,  embarrass,  obstruct,  impede,  re- 
strict, bind,  confine,  cumber. 
Shad-bush,   «.      June-berry,  shad-berry,  service- 
berry  {A  melancnier  Canadensis). 
Shade,  n.     I.    Shadow,  umbrage. 

2.  Darkness,     obscurity,      dusk,      duskiness, 
gloom. 

3.  Screen,  curtain,  veil. 

4.  Protection,  shelter,  cover. 

5.  Color,  hue,  tint. 

6«   Degree,  kind,  variety,  minute  difference. 

7.   Ghost,  spirit,  apparition,  spectre,  phantom, 
manes,  shadow. 
Shade,  V.  a.     I.   Obscure,  cloud,  darken,  eclipse, 
dim,  obfuscate. 

2.  Screen,  cover,  protect,  shelter. 

3.  Darken. 

4.  Shelter,  hide,  ensconce,  protect,  screen. 
Shades,  ».  //.     Hades,  spirit-world,   sheol^  invisi- 
ble world  of  the  ancients. 

Shadiness,  ».     Umbrageousness. 
Shadow,  n.     I.   Shade,  umbrage. 

2.  Darkness,  obscurity,  gloom,  shade. 

3.  Shelter,  cover,  protection,  security. 

4*   Image,  adumbration,   representation,    pre- 
figuration,  foreshowing. 

5.  Spirit,  ghost,  shade,  phantom. 

6.  Image,  portrait,  reflection. 
Shadow,  V.  a.     I.   Shade. 

2.  Darken,  obscure,  cloud. 

3.  Typify,  adumbrate,  body  forth. 

4.  Protect,    shroud,    screen,    cover,    conceal, 
hide. 

5.  Typify,  symbolize. 

Shadow  forth.  Typify,  symbolize,  represent,  in- 
dicate, denote,  show,  shadow,  foreshadow,  stand 
for. 

Shadowy,  a.     I.   Shady,  umbrageous. 

2.  Dark,  obscure,  dim,  murky,  gloomy. 

3.  Unreal,  unsubstantial,  impalpable,  intangi- 
ble, visionary,  imaginary,  spectral,  ghostly. 

4.  Typical,  representative. 
Shady,  a.     Shadowy,  umbrageous. 
Shaftf  n.     I.  Arrow,  missile,  weapon. 

2.  Handle. 

3.  Thill,  pole,  tongue. 
4*  Trunk  {of  a  column). 
5*  Axis,  spindle,  arbor 
4*   Spire,  pinnacle. 

7.  Stem,  stalk,  trunk. 
Shagbark,  «.     Shellbark  {.Carya  alba). 
Shaggy,  a.     I.    Rough  \^wUh  long  hair  or  wool). 

2.   Rough ,  rugged. 
Shah,  n.     King  of  Persia,  padishah. 
Shake,  v.  a,     I.    Agitate,  convulse,  jar,  jolt,  make 
to  tremble  or  quiver. 

2.  Intimidate,  frighten,  daunt. 

3.  Endanger,  weaken,  move,  make  less  firm, 
threaten  to  overthrow. 


4.  Agitate,  wave,  vibrate. 

5.  Move,  remove,  throw  off,  rid  one's  self  of, 
put  away. 

6.  TriU. 

Shake,    v.    n.    Tremble,    quake,    quiver,    totter, 

shudder,  shiver. 
Shake,    n.     I.  Agitation,    concussion,    jar,    jolt, 

shaking,  tremor,  shock,  trembling,  shivering. 

2.  Trill. 

3.  Crack  {in  iimher),  fissure,  cleft. 
Shakes,  n.  pi.     Ague,  intermittent  fever. 
Shaking,    n.     I.  Agitation,    concussion,    jolting, 

jolt,  shake. 

2.   Trembling,  quaking. 
Shaky,  a.     I.   Unsound  (as  timbtr),  full  of  clefts, 
cracked,  split. 
2.   Shaking,  trembling. 
Shale,  n.     I.   Slate  clay,  schistous  clay. 

2.   Shell,  husk,  pod. 
Shallow,  a.     I.    Shoal. 

2.  Superficial,  empty,  silly,  slight,  unintelli- 
gent, simple,  ignorant. 

3.  Flimsy,  trivial,  frivolous,  trifling,  foolish, 
puerile,  trashy. 

Shallow,  n.     Shoal,  flat  shelf,  sand-bank. 
Shallow-brained,  a.     Simple,   ignorant,    foolish, 

empty-headed,  shallow  pated,  silly. 
ShallOW-pated,  a.    Shallow-brained,  silly,  foolish. 
Shalstone,  n.     Table-spar,  tabular  spar,  grammite, 

scale-stone. 
Sham,  V.  a.     I.   Feign,   pretend,   make  pretence 

of,  imitate,  ape. 

2.  Trick,  cheat,  delude,  dupe. 

3.  Impose,  obtrude  by  fraud. 

Sham,  V.  n.     Deceive,  feign,  impose,  pretend. 

Sham,  n.  Imposture,  imposition,  trick,  fraud, 
feint,  delusion,  humbug,  pretence,  clap-trap. 

Sham,  a.  Pretended,  false,  assumed,  counterfeit, 
mock,  spurious,  clap-trap,  make-believe 

Shamble,  v.  n.     Hobble,  shuffle. 

Shambles,  n  pi.  I.  Flesh  market,  meat  market. 
2.   Slaughter-house,  abattoir. 

Shame,  n.  I.  Abashment,  mortification,  con- 
fusion, humiliation. 

2.  Disgrace,  dishonor,  opprobrium,  derision, 
reproach,  ignominy,  infamy,  obloquy,  contempt, 
odium,  scandal,  degradation,  discredit. 

3.  Reproach,  disgrace,  scandal,  dishonor. 

4.  Decency,  decorum,  propriety,  modesty. 
Shame,  v.  a.     I.    Abash,    mortify,    confuse,    con- 
found, disconcert,  discompose,  humiliate,  humble, 
make  ashamed. 

2.  Disgrace,  dishonor,  degrade,  debase,  dis- 
credit, sully,  taint,  stain,  tarnish. 

3.  Deride,  jeer,  ridicule,  mock  at,  sneer  at, 
point  at,  flout. 

Shame-faced,  a.     Bashful,  diffident,  over-modest. 

Shameful,  a.  I.  Disgraceful,  scandalous,  dis- 
honorable, disreputable,  infamous,  outrageous, 
ignominious,  opprobrious,  base,  vile,  villanous, 
nefarious,  heinous,  atrocious,  wicked,  dark. 

2.  Indecent,  unbecoming,  degrading,  scan- 
dalous. 

Shameless^  a.  I.  Impudent,  unblushing,  una- 
bashed, immodest,  frontless,  assuming,  brazen, 
brazen-faced,  bold-faced,  insolent,  audacious, 
cool,  indecent,  indelicate. 

2.  Depraved,  vicious,  sinful,  unprincipled, 
corrupt,  profligate,  dissolute,  reprobate,  aban- 
doned, graceless,  obdurate,  hardened,  incor- 
rigible, Irreclaimable,  lost. 

Shamrock,  «.  I.  White  trefoil,  white  clover, 
Dutch  clover  (  Trifolium  repens). 

2.  Hop-trefoil,  black  nonesuch  {Medicago  lu- 
pulina). 

Shanty,  n.  Hut,  hovel,  shed,  mean  cabin,  mean 
dwelling. 


SHAPE 


880 


SHEER 


Shflpe^  V.  a.     I.   Form,  create,  make,  produce. 

2.  Mould,  fashion,  model,  form. 

3.  Regulate,  adjust,  direct,  frame. 

4.  Image,  conceive,  conjure  up,  figure,  imag- 
ine. 

SliapCt  «.  I.  Form  (with  especial  reference  to 
•what  is  visible)^  figure,  make,  guise,  appearance, 
outward  aspect. 

2.  Figure,  being,  appearance,  form. 

3.  Mould,  model,  fashion,  cut,  pattern,  build, 
cast,  form. 

Sliapeless,  a.     I,   Amorphous,  formless. 

2.   Unsymmetrical,    rude,   irregular,   uncouth, 

grotesque. 
SHkpely^  a.     Symmetrical,  comely,  well-formed. 
Shard,  «.     Fragment,  potsherd. 
Share^    v.  a.     I.   Divide,    distribute,     apportion, 

parcel  out,  portion. 

2.  Partake,  participate  in,  have  a  portion  of. 

3.  Experience,  receive. 

Sliare,  v.  n     Participate,  have  part,  have  a  por- 
tion. 
Sbare,  «.     I.    Part,  portion,  certain  quantity. 

2.  Allotment,  dividend,  quota,  portion,  con- 
tingent, proportion,  apportioned  lot,  part. 

3.  Part,  portion,  interest. 

4.  Ploughshare. 

Sharer,  «.     Partaker,  participator,  communicant. 
Shark,  n.     I.    Sharper,  cheat,  swindler,  blackleg, 
knave,  trickster,  artful  fellow. 
2.   Fraud,  trickery. 
Sharp,  a.     I.   Acute,  keen,  trenchant. 

2.  Pointed,  peaked,  ridged. 

3.  Sagacious,  apt,  shrewd,  astute,  acute,  pene- 
trating, subtle,  perspicacious,  discerning,  dis- 
criminating, ingenious,  inventive,  witty,  quick, 
clever,  ready,  smart,  clear,  tharp-sighted,  quick- 
sighted,  keen-eyed,  keen-witted,  sharp-witted, 
clear-sighted,  long-headed,  cunning. 

4.  Subtle,  acute,  witty,  astute,  shrewd,  nice. 

5.  Biting,  pungent,  hot,  burning,  stinging, 
mordacious,  acrid,  sour,  bitter,  acid,  poignant, 
piquant,  high-flavored,  high -seasoned. 

6.  Severe,  harsh,  acrimonious,  keen,  sarcastic, 
caustic,  cutting,  tart,  pointed,  biting,  trench- 
ant. 

7.  Rigid,  cruel,  hard,  severe. 

8.  Keen,  eager,  hungry. 

9.  Distressing,  poignant,  intense,  very  painful, 
afflicting,  severe,  violent,  sore,  acute,  keen,  pierc- 
ing, subtile,  excruciating. 

10.  Pinching,  piercing,  nipping,  biting. 

11.  Strong,  eager,  fierce,  ardent,  violent,  fiery, 
impetuous. 

12.  Gritty,  hard. 

13.  Lean,  thin,  emaciated,  meagre. 

14.  Shrill,  high,  piercing. 

15.  Keen,  penetrating,  piercing,  severe,  at- 
tentive, vigilant. 

16.  Shrewd,  exacting,  close. 
Sharp,  V.  a.     Sharpen,  make  keen. 
Sharp-Cttt,  a.     Clear,  distinct,  well-defined. 
Sharpen,  v.  a.     I.    Edge,  make  keen,  point. 

2.  Make  eager. 

3.  Sharp,  make  shrill. 

4.  Intensify,  make  more  intense. 
Sharper,    «.     Cheat,    rogue,    swindler,    trickster, 

shark,  knave,  blackleg,  tricky  fellow,  defrauder, 
deceiver. 
Sharply,  ad.     I.    Severely,  rigorously,  roughly. 

2.  Vigorously,  acutely,  keenly. 

3.  Vehemently,  violently. 

4.  Minutely,  exactly,  accurately. 

5.  Wittily,  acutely,  trenchantly. 

6.  Steeply,  abruptly. 
Sharpness,  «.     I.   Acuteness,  keenness. 

2.   Sagacity,  shrewdness,  ingenuity,  wit,  clev- 


erness, quickness,  acuteness,  discernment,  acu- 
men. 

3.  Pungency,  piquancy,  acridity,  acidity,  tart- 
ness. 

4.  Severity,  sarcasm,  satire,  pungency. 

5.  Poignancy,  intensity,  painfulness,  keenness, 
pungency,  severity,  afflictiveness. 

6.  Fierceness,  violence,  ardor. 

7.  Shrillness,  highness. 

8.  Eagerness,  keenness. 

9.  Keenness,  severity. 

Sharp-set,  a.  Eager,  hungry,  ravenous,  famish- 
ing. 

Sharp-shooter,  «.     Good  marksman,  rifleman. 

Sharp-sighted,  a.  Keen,  keen-eyed,  keen-sighted, 
clear-sighted. 

Sharp-witted,  a.  Acute,  shrewd,  quick,  sharp,  dis- 
cerning, sagacious,  ingenious,  intelligent,  keen, 
clear-sighted,  keen-sighted,  long-headed,  cun- 
ning. 

Shatter,  v,  a.  I.  Shiver,  break  in  pieces,  dash 
into  fragments,  rend,  crack,  split. 

2.  Disorder,  derange,  overthrow,  break  up, 
render  unsound. 

Shatter-brain,  «.     Scatter-brain,  giddy  person. 

Shatter-hrained,  a.  Giddy,  light-headed,  scatter- 
brained, inattentive,  heedless,  wild. 

Shave,  v.  a.     I.    Cut  off  {close  to  the  surface). 

2.  Make  smooth  or  bare  (as  by  cutting  ojf 
hair  closely),  to  pare  close. 

3.  Slice,  cut  in  thin  slices. 

4.  Strip,  fleece,  pillage,  shear,  oppress  {by  ex- 
tortion). 

5.  Graze,  skim ,  touch  lightly  {in  passing  over). 
Shaver,  «.     I.   Barber. 

2.  Sharper,  cheat. 

3.  Wag,  joker. 

4.  Youngster,  child,  little  fellow,  boy. 

5.  Robber,  plunderer,  extortioner,  pillager. 

Shear,  v.ct.    i.  Cut,  clip. 

2.   Strip,  fleece,  plunder. 
Shear,  v.  n.     I.   Cut,  penetrate. 

2.   Deviate,  swerve,  turn  aside.     See  Sheer. 
Sheath,  «.     I.    Case  {as  for  a  sword),  scabbard. 

2.  ( Bot^  Base  of  a  leaf  {when  it  is  wrapped 
around  a  stem). 

3.  (Ent.)    Wing-case. 

Sheathe,  v..  a.  I.  Put  into  a  sheath,  enclose  in 
a  sheath. 

2.  Cover,  case- 

3.  Cover  up,  hide. 

Sheathe  the  sword.    Make  peace. 

Sheathing,  «•     Casing,  covering,  sheath. 
Shed,  V.  a.     I.    Spill,  eff"use,  pour  out,  let  fall. 

2.  Spread,  diffuse,  scatter,  emit,  give  out. 

3.  Cast,  throw  off,  put  off,  let  fall. 

Shed,  n.     Hut,  hovel,  cot,  cabin,  out-house,  out- 
building. 
Shed-roof,  n.     Pent-roof,  lean-to. 
Sheen,  «.     Brightness,  splendor,  shine,  gloss. 

Sheepcot, 

Sheepcote, 

Sheepdog,  «.     Shepherd  dog,  collie. 

Sheep-faced,  <7.     Sheepish,  bashful,  shame-faced, 

timid. 
Sheepfold,  «.     Sheepcot,  sheep-pen. 
Sheepish,   a.     Timid,   shame-faced,   over-modest, 

very  bashful,  excessively  diffident,  timorous. 
Sheep'S-eye,   «.     Leer,     ogle,      wishful     glance, 

smickering. 
Sheer,  a.     I.    Pure,  clear. 

2.  Mere,  simple,  unmixed,  unmingled,  down- 
right, pure,  unquahfied,  unadulterated,  clear, 
utter. 

3.  Perpendicular,  precipitous. 

Sheer,  v.  n.  Deviate,  decline,  move  aside.  See 
Shear. 


Sheepfold,  sheep-pen. 


SHEET-ANCHOR 


381 


SHOCKING 


Sheet-anchor,  «.     I.  {N^aut.)    Principal  anchor, 
largest  anchor. 
2.    Mainstay,  chief  support,  main  reliance. 
Sheet-tin,  n.     Latten,  tinned  iron  plate. 
Shelf,  n.     I.    Ledge. 

2.    Shoal,  shallow,  rock,  ledge. 
Shell,  »      I.   Case,  outer  covering. 

2.  Bomb. 

3.  Framework. 

4.  Lyre,  stringed  instrument. 

Shell,  V.  a.     I.   Take  out   of  the  shell,  strip  the 

shell  from,  hull. 
2.    Bombard. 
Shell,  V.  ft.    Exfoliate,  fall  ofif,  peel  off.  shell  off. 
Shellhark,  «.     Shagbark  ( Carya  a/6a). 
Shelter,  «.     I.   Asylum,    refuge,    retreat,    cover, 

covert,  sanctuary,  harbor,  haven. 

2.  Protection,  shield,  screen,  defence,  security, 
safety,  cover. 

3.  Guardian,  protector. 

Shelter,  v.  a.     Shield,  screen,  hide,  shroud,  pro- 
tect, defend,  cover,  house,  liarbor,  ensconce. 
Sheltle,  «.     Shetland  pony. 

Shelve,  v  a.    Put  on  the  shelf,  put  aside,  dismiss. 
Shelve,  v  n.     Slope,  incline. 
Shepherd,  «.     I.    Herdsman  Kqf  sheep). 

2.  Swam,  rural  lover. 

3.  Pastor,  minister,  clergyman. 
Shepherd-Spider,     «.     Father-long-legs,     daddy- 
long-legs,  harvest-man. 

Shetland  pony.    Sheltie. 

Shibboleth,  «.     Criterion,  watchword,  test. 

Shield,  n.     I.    Buckler,  x^is. 

2.  Safeguard,  protection,  defence,  shelter, 
guard,  cover,  security,  bulwark,  rampart,  palla- 
dium. 

3.  Escutcheon,  ensign  armorial,  emblazoned 
field. 

Shield,  V.  a.  I.  Defend,  protect,  guard,  shelter, 
cover. 

2.  Ward  off,  repel,  defend  against. 

3.  Forbid,  forefend,  avert. 
Shield-shaped,  a.    Scutate,  clypeiform,  peltate, 

peltated. 
Shift,  V.  a.     Change,  alter,  move. 
Shift,    V.    n.     I.   Move,    change    place,    change 

about,  remove. 

2.  Alter,  change. 

3.  Change,  vary,  veer,  chop,  alter. 

4.  Contrive,  manage,  plan,  scheme,  shufBe, 
devise  ways  and  means. 

Shift,  n.     I.   Change. 

2.  Expedient,  contrivance,  resort,  resource, 
means. 

3.  Evasion,  artifice,  fraud,  trick,  stratagem, 
subterfuge,  mask,  wile,  craft,  device,  mean 
refuge,  chicane,  chicanery,  artful  contrivance, 
ruse. 

4.  Chemise,  smock. 
Shifter,  n.    Trickster,  cozener. 
Shiftiness,  n.     Changeableness,  variableness. 
Shiftless,  a.     Improvident,  imprudent,  inefficient, 

prodical,  wasteful. 

Shillalah,  ) 

Shillaly,    \  n.    Club,  cudgel,  oak  sapling. 

ShiUelah,  ) 

Shilli-shallv.  \  TT   •   . 

Shlllv-shalJ?,  1  ^-  "•     Hesitate,  waver. 

ShUli-shally,    I  n.     Irresolution,  hesitation,  fool- 

Shilly-Shally,  1      ish  trifling,  wavering 

Shimmer,  v.  n  Glimmer,  gleam,  glisten,  shine 
faintly. 

Shin,  ».  Fore  part  of  the  lower  leg,  tibia,  shin- 
bone. 

Shin,  V.  n.   Swarm,  climb  {with  hands  and  kftees). 

Shindy,  «.  {Colioq.)  Row,  spree,  riot,  disturb- 
ance, uproar. 


Shine,  v.  n.     I.    Beam,  radiate,  gleam,  give  light. 

2.  Glitter,  glisten,  sparkle,  gleam,  glow,  glare, 
coruscate,  be  bright,  be  brilliant. 

3.  be  eminent,  be  distinguished,  be  conspicu- 
ous, excel. 

4.  Be  prominent. 

Shine,  n.     I.    Fair  weather,  sunshine. 

2.   Brightness,     splendor,    lustre,     brilliancy, 
polish,  gloss. 
Shingling-mill,  n.     Furnace,  forge. 
Shining,  a.     I.    Beaming,  gleaming. 

2.  Radiant,  bright,  splendid,  glistening,  lus- 
trous, brilliant,  glittering,  resplendent,  effulgent, 
glowing,  lucid,  lummous. 

3.  Illustrious,   splendid,   conspicuous,    distin- 
guished- 
Shiny,  a.    I.   Bright,  clear,  sunshiny,  unclouded, 

iunimous. 
2.   Glossy,  brilliant. 

Ship-biscnit,  «.     Pilot-bread,  hard-bread. 

Ship-bnilder,  n.     I.   Naval  architect,  naval  con- 
structor. 
2.   Ship-carpenter,  shipwright. 

Ship-carpenter,  «.    Shipwright,  ship-buUder. 

Ship  of  the  destrt.    Camel. 

Ship-of-war,  «.     Man-ot-war. 

Ship-shape,  a.     Wei;-arranged,  neat,  trim,  tidy. 

Shipwreck,  ».  Wreck,  ruin,  perdition,  destruc- 
tion, miscarriage,  overthrow,  subversion,  demoli- 
tion. 

Shipwreck,  v.  a.     Wreck,  strand,  cast  away. 

Shipwright,  «.     Ship-carpenter,  ship-builder. 

Shirk,  V.  a.     I.   Avoid  unfairly,  evade,  get  off 
from,  slink  away  from. 
2.    Cheat,  trick,  shark. 

Shirk,  V.  n.     I.   Shark. 
2.    Shift,  depart,  quit. 

Shiver,  v.  a.  Shatter,  break  in  pieces,  dash  to 
fragments. 

Shiver,  v.  n.  Shudder,  quake,  tremble,  quiver, 
shake. 

Shiver,  n.     I.   Fragment,  bit,  piece. 

2.  Slice,  sliver. 

3.  Tremor,  tremulous  motion,  shivering, 
shaking,  shuddering. 

Shiver-spar,  «.     Slate-spar. 

Shivery,  a.    Friable,  brittle,  frangible,  incompact. 

Shoal,  n.     I.   Crowd,   throng,  multitude,  swarm, 

horde. 
2.    Shallow,  sand-bank,  bar. 
Shoal,  V.  n.     I.   Crowd,  throng. 

2.   Grow  shallow. 
Shoal,  a.     Shallow. 

Shoar,  «.     Prop,  support,  stay.     See  Shorb. 
Shoat,  «.     Young  hog,  pig.     See  Shotr. 
Shock,  n.     I.   Concussion,  collision,  shog,  clash, 

impact,  percussion. 

2.  Brunt,  onset,  assault,  hostile  encounter, 
conflict. 

3.  Blow,  stroke,  agitation,  offence. 

4.  Stook,  hattock. 

Shock,  V.  a.  I.  Shake,  strike  against,  come  into 
collision  with,  collide. 

2.  Encounter,  meet. 

3.  Offend,  disgust,  disturb,  disquiet,  nauseate, 
sicken,  scandalize,  revolt,  outrage. 

4.  Stun,  astound,  stasrger. 

5.  Appall,  terrify,  affright,  frighten,  dismay, 
horrify. 

Shock,  a.     Shaggy,  matted,  shagged. 

Shocking;,  a.  I.  Repulsive^  offensive,  hateful, 
detestable,  execrable,  obnoxious,  odious,  disgust- 
ing, revolting,  repugnant,  disgraceful,  loathsome, 
loul,  abominable. 

2.  Dreadful,  terrible,  horrid,  horrible,  fearful, 
frightful,  dire,  horrific,  awful,  tremendous, 
hideous,  monstrous,  ghastly,  grim,  appalling. 


SHOEMAKER 


382 


SHREWD 


Shoemaker,  n.    Crispin. 
Shoe-string,  n.     Shoe-tie,  shoe-latchet. 
Shoe-tie,  «.     Shoe-string,  shoe-latchet. 
Shooks,  n.  pi.     Staves. 
Shoot,  V.  a.     I.   Let  fly,  propel. 

2.  Fire,  discharge,  let  off. 

3.  Propel,  expel,  discharge,  send  forth. 

4.  Hit  or  kill  by  a  missile. 

5.  Protrude,  dart  forth,  thrust  forward. 

6.  Streak,  variegate,  dot. 

7.  Extend,  put  forth,  thrust  forth,  send  forth. 

8.  Dart,  emit. 

Shoot,  V  n.    I.   Fire,  discharge  a  missile. 

2.  Pass,  fly,  dart. 

3.  Bud,  sprout,  germinate. 

4.  Project,  jut,  stretch,  push,  protuberate. 

5.  Advance,  make  progress. 

Shoot,  n.    I.  Sprout,  branch,  twig,  scion,  offshoot. 

2.  Shot,  discharge. 

3.  [Written     also    Shote,     Shoat.'\     Young 
swine. 

Shoot  up.   Grow,  increase,  spring  up,  run  up,  grow 

up,  start  up. 
Shop,  n.     I.    Store. 

2.   Workshop. 
Shopkeeper,     n      Tradesman,    shopman,    retail 

trader,  storekeeper. 
Shoplifter,  «.     Shop-thief. 
Shopman,  n.    See  Shopkeeper. 
Shop-thief,  «.     Shoplifter. 

Shore,    «.     I.   Coast,    beach,  strand,  sea-board, 
sea-side,  sea-coast. 

2.  [Written     also    SAoar.}     Prop,    support, 
stay,  brace,  buttress. 
Shorea,  «.    Saul-tree - 
Shore  up.     Prop,  support,  prop  up. 
Shorn,  a.    i.  Cut  o£r. 

2.   Deprived. 
Short,  a.     I.    Brief. 

2.  Near,  direct,  straight. 

3.  Compendious,  succinct,  concise,  condensed, 
terse,  pithy,  sententious,  laconic,  curt,  brief. 

4.  Abrupt,    sharp,    pointed,    petulant,    curt, 
brief,  severe,  uncivil. 

5.  Deficient,    defective,    inadequate,    scanty, 
insufficient,  imperfect. 

6.  Narrow,  limited,  contracted. 

7.  Lacking,  wanting,  destitute. 

8.  Brittle,  friable,  crumbling. 

9.  (Cookery.)    Crisp. 

Short,  ad.     Suddenly,  abruptly,  at  once. 
Short-coming:,  «.     I.   Deficiency. 

2.    Slip,  fault,  error,  failing,  defect,  weakness, 

deficiency,  imperfection,  failure. 
Shorten,  v.  a.     I.  Abbreviate,  abridge,  cut  short, 

curtail. 

2.  Lessen,  diminish,  reduce,  abridge. 

3.  Curtail,  cut  off. 

4.  Contract,  lessen,  diminish,  retrench. 

5.  Confine,  restrain,  restrict,  hinder, 

6.  Deprive,  lop. 

Shortening:,   «.       I.    Abbreviation,    curtailment, 
abridgment,    contraction,    reduction,    retrench- 
ment, diminution. 
2.    Fat,  fatty  substance. 

Short-hand,     «.       Stenography,    brachygraphy, 
tachygraphy. 

Short-lived,   a.      Transient,    ephemeral,    mush- 
room, transitory. 

Shortly,  ad.     I,  Soon,  quickly,  in  a  short  time,  in 
a  little  time. 

2.   Briefly,  concisely,  tersely,  succinctly,  in  a 
few  words. 

Shortness,  «.     I.  Brevity,  conciseness,  terseness. 
2.   Deficiency,  imperfection,  poverty. 

Short-Sig:hted,  a.      I.    Myopic,  purblind,  near- 
«ghted> 


2.  Inconsiderate,  imprudent,  indiscreet. 
Short-sightedness,  «.      I.  Myopy,  myopia,  near- 
sightedness. 
2.    Imprudence,  indiscretion. 
Short-Witted,  a.     Unintelligent,  shallow,  stupid, 
dull,  stolid,  foolish,  doltish,  simple,  weak-headed, 
weak-minded,   feeble-minded,   half-witted,    shal- 
low-brained, dull-witted,  blunt-witted. 
Shot,  n.     I.   Discharge. 

2.  Ball,  bullet,  missile,  projectile. 

3.  Marksman,  shooter. 

4.  Range,  reach. 

5.  Young  hog.     See  Shote. 

Shot,  a      I.   Chatojrant,  iridescent,  irisated. 

2.   Interwoven,  interspersed,  intermingled. 
Shote,    ft.     [Written    also    SAoai,    Shoot,   Shot.'l 

Pig,  young  hog. 
Shot-free,  a.     Unpunished,  acquitted. 
Shoulder,  «.     Projection,  protuberance. 
Shoulder-belt, «.    Baldric. 
Shoulder-hlade,  «.      Shoulder-bone,  blade-bone, 

omoplate,  scapula. 
Shout,  V.  n.      Exclaim,  vociferate,  halloo,   hollo, 

holla,  cry  out. 
Shout,  «.      Halloo,  holla,  huzza,  hoot,  loud  cry, 

loud  call,  outcry,  clamor,  vociferation,  roar. 
Shove,  V.  a.     I.   Push,  propel. 

2.  Jostle,  push  aside,  press  against. 
Shove  away.     Thrust  off. 
Shove  by.     Push  away. 
Shove  down.     Overthrow. 
Shove  off.     Thrust  away,  push  away. 
Show,  V  a.     I.    Exhibit,  display,  present  to  view. 

2.  Exhibit  to,  point  out  to. 

3.  Indicate,  point  out. 

4.  Disclose,  divulge,  proclaim,  publish,  ex- 
plain, unfold,  reveal,  discover,  make  known, 
make  clear. 

5.  Prove,  manifest,  demonstrate,  evince,  evi- 
dence. 

6.  Conduct,  guide,  usher. 

7.  Bestow,  confer,  grant,  afford. 

8.  Teach,  instruct,  inform. 

9.  Explain,  expound,  interpret,  make  clear, 
elucidate. 

Show,  V.  n.     I.   Appear,  become  visible. 

2.   Appear,  look,  seem. 
Show,  n.      I.    Spectacle,  exhibition,  sight,  repre- 
•  sentation. 

2.  Parade,  ostentation,  flourish,  dash,  pomp, 
pageantry,  splendor,  display,  ceremony. 

3.  Semblance,  resemblance,  likeness,  external 
appearance. 

4.  Pretence,  pretext,  cdor,  mask,  simulation, 
speciousness,  plausibility,  illusion. 

Showery,  a.    Rainy,  wet. 

Show  fight.     Take  the  offensive,  lay  about  one. 
Show  off.     I.  (Active.)    Exhibit  {ostentatiously)^ 
display,  make  a  parade  of,  set  off. 

2.  (Neuter.)    Make  a  show,  display  one's  self, 
put  on  airs. 
Show  up.     Expose. 

Showy,  a.  I.  Gaudy,  flashy,  gay,  glaring,  gair- 
ish,  flaunting,  gorgeous,  splendid,  fine,  dressy, 
jaunty,  airy,  bedizened,  pranked  out,  tinsel. 

2.   Grand,  stately,  ostentatious,  pompous,  mag- 
nificent, sumptuous. 
Shred, «.    I.  Strip. 

2.  Scrap,  fragment,  bit,  piece,  flitter,  tatter, 
rag,  strip. 
Shrew,  «.     I.    Brawler,  scold,  termagant,  vixen, 
virago,  fury,  turbulent  woman. 
2.   Shrew-mouse. 
Shrewd,  a.     I.    Evil,  iniquitous,  bad. 

2.  Vixenish,  scolding,  shrewi.sh. 

3.  Vexatious,  annoying,  troublesome,  painful, 
mischievous,  malicious. 


SHREWDNESS 


383 


SIGH 


4.  Artful,  cunning,  sly,  wily,  subtle,  crafty, 
arch,  astute,  Machiavelian. 

5.  Sagacious,  acute,  sharp,  quick,  discrimi- 
nating, astute,  sensible,  sharp-sighted,  pene- 
trating, keen,  ingenious,  discerning,  intelligent, 
deep,  profound,  astute. 

Shrewdiiess,  n.  I.  Cunning,  archness,  artful- 
ness, subtlety,  craft,  astuteness,  slyness,  art, 
address,  skill,  policy. 

2.  Sagacity,  acumen,  acuteness,  perspicacity, 
sharpness,  keenness,  ingenuity,  discernment, 
penetration,  intelligence,  mother-wit. 

Snrewlsll,  a.  Froward,  peevish,  petulant,  scold- 
ing, brawling,  clamorous,  vixenish. 

Shrew-mouse,  «.    Shrew. 

Shriek,  v.  n.     Scream,  screech,  yell. 

Shriek,  «.     Scream,  screech,  yell,  slirill  cry. 

Shrike,  n.     Butcher-bird  {Lanius  excubitor). 

Shrill,  a.  Acute,  sharp,  high,  high-toned,  high- 
pitched,  piercing. 

Shrine,  «.     I.   Reliquary,  sacred  tomb. 

2.  Altar,  sacred  place,  sacred  object,  hallowed 
place. 

Shrink,  v.  n.  I.  Shrivel,  contract,  decrease, 
dwindle,  wither. 

2.  Recoil,  blench,  flinch,  withdraw,  retire, 
swerve,  draw  back,  give  way. 

Shrink  from.  Abhor,  nauseate,  abominate, 
loathe,  detest,  feel  disgust  at,  recoil  from. 

Shrivel,  v.  a.     Parch,  dry,  dry  up. 

Shrivel,  v.  n.  Shrink,  contract,  dwindle,  wither, 
decrease,  wrinkle. 

Shroud,  «      I.    Garment,  covering. 
2.    Winding-sheet,  grave-clothes. 

Shroud,  V.  a.  Cover,  hide,  veil,  mask,  cloak, 
screen,  bury,  muffle,  protect,  shelter,  conceal. 

Shrub,  n.    Bush,  low  tree,  dwarf-tree. 

Shrubby,  a.     Bushy. 

Shrunk,  a.  Shrivelled,  withered,  dwindled,  con- 
tracted. 

Shudder,  v,  n.  Tremble,  shake,  quake,  quiver, 
shiver. 

Shudder,  «.  Tremor,  shuddering,  shaking,  trem- 
blina;. 

Shuddering,  «.     Trembling,  tremor,  horror. 

Shuffle,  V.  a.  Confuse,  jumble,  mix,  shift,  inter- 
mix, throw  into  disorder. 

Shuffle,  V.  n.      I.     Prevaricate,  quibble,  equivo- 
cate, cavil,  dodge,  palter,  evade,  sophisticate. 
2.    Struggle,  shift,  make  shift. 

Shuffle,  «  Trick,  quibble,  prevarication,  cavil, 
sophism,  evasion,  artifice,  fi-aud,  shuffling,  sub- 
terfuge, pretence,  pretext,  ruse. 

Shuffle  ofif.     Push  off,  discard,  get  rid  of. 

Shtlfflin?,  a.  Quibbling,  prevaricating,  evasive, 
disingenuous. 

Shuffllns:,  n.     Trick,  artifice,  duplicity,  fraud. 

Shun,  V.  a.       I.    Avoid  {in  a  positive  sense  or 
denoting' positive  exertion),  evade,  escape,  elude, 
eschew,  get  clear  of,  get  out  of  the  way  of,  escape 
from. 
2.   Decline,  neglect. 

Shunt,  V.  a.  [Eng]  Switch  (from  one  set  of 
rails  to  another). 

Shut,  V,  a.     I.   Close,  close  up. 

2.  Enclose,  confine,  imprison,  shut  up,  coop 
up,  lock  up,  close  the  door  npon. 

3.  Prohibit,  bar,  close. 

4.  Preclude,  exclude. 
Shut  in.     Enclose,  confine. 
Shut  off.     Exclude,  intercept. 
Shut  out.     Exclude. 

Shut  up.     I.    Shut,  close  up. 

2.  Confine,  lock  up,  enclose,  imprison,  lock  in, 
fasten  in. 

3.  Terminate,  conclude,  end. 

4.  Unite 


Shy,  a.     I.  Timid. 

2.  Coy,  reserved,  diffident,  timid,  retiring, 
shrinking. 

3.  Cautious,  wary,  heedful,  chary. 

4.  Suspicious,  jealous. 

Shy,  n.     I.    Sudden  start  {as  of  a  horse). 

2.  {Colloo.)     Fling,  throw. 
Shy,  V.  a.    Fling,  throw,  jerk,  cast,  toss,  flirt,  hurl, 

chuck,  pitch,  sling  {collog). 
Shy,  V.  n.     Sheer,  start  aside. 
Sibilant,  a.     Hissing,  sibilous. 
Sibyl,   n.      Prophetess,   sorceress,   fortune-teller, 

witch. 
Siccative,  a.     Drying. 

Sicci^,  n.     Dryness,  aridity,  want  of  moisture. 
Sice,  «.     Six  (at  dice). 
Sick,  a.    I.  Ill,  indiMX)sed,  ailing,  unwell,  laid  up. 

2.  Nauseated,  affected  with  nausea,  sick  at  the 
stomach,  inclined  to  vomit. 

3.  Disgusted,  tired,  weary. 

4.  Diseased,  weak,  morbid,  unsound,  distem- 
pered, disordered,  feeble. 

5.  Pining,  languishing,  longing. 
Sicken,  v.  a.     I.   Disease,  make  sick. 

2.  Nauseate,  make  sick,  turn  one's  stomach, 
make  qualmish. 

3.  Disgust,  weary. 

Sicken,  v.n.     I.    Become  sick,  fall  sick,  fall  ill. 

2.  Be  disgusted,  feel  disgust,  become  qualmish, 

3.  Decay,  languish,  become  weak,  become  dis- 
tempered. 

Sickening,  a.  I.  Nauseating,  nauseous,  sickish, 
palling 

2.  Disgusting,  distasteful,  repulsive,  revolting, 
foul,  loathsome,  offensive. 

Sickish,  a.     Nauseating,- nauseous,  sickening. 

Sickle,  «.     Reaping-hook. 

Sickle-shaped,  a.     Falcate,  felcated,  hooked. 

Sickliness,  «.     Unhealthiness,  insalubrity. 

Sickly,  a.  Weak,  languid,  faint,  feeble,  ailing, 
languishing,  unhealthy,  diseased,  infirm,  weakly, 
morbid,  valetudinary. 

Sickness,  n.     I.    Illness,  disease,  disorder,  distem- 
per, malady,  complaint,  ail,  ailment,  indisposi- 
tion, 
2.   Nausea,  qualmishness. 

Side,  «.     I.   Verge,  margin,  edge,  border, 
2.   Party,  sect,  faction,  interest. 

Side,  a.     I.    Lateral. 
2.   Indirect,  oblique. 

Side,  V.  n     Take  sides,  espouse  a  cause. 

Side-board, «.    Buffet. 

Side  by  side.  Abreast,  alongside,  by  the  side  {of 
one  another). 

Side-face, «     Profile. 

Sideling,  a.     Sloping,  inclined,  oblique. 

Sideling,  ad.     See  Sidewise. 

Sidelong,  a.     Lateral,  oblique. 

Sidelong,  ad.     I.   Laterally,  obliquely, 
2.   On  the  side. 

Sidereal,  a.     Starry,  stellar,  astral. 

Side-saddle-flower,  m.  Pitcher-plant,  hunts- 
man's cup. 

Sidewalk,  «.  Footway  {at  the  side  of  a  street), 
footpath. 

Sideways,  ad.     Laterally,  sidewise. 

Sidewise,  ad.     Laterally,  sideways,  sideling. 

Siege,  n.     Investment. 

Siesta,  «.    ISp.]    Udi^  {after  dinfur). 

Sieve, «.    Bolt. 

Sift,  v.  a.     I.   Bolt. 

2.  Separate,  part, 

3.  Scrutinize,  probe,  fathom,  sound,  try,  ana- 
lyze, investigate,  canvass,  discuss,  examine  crit- 
ically, look  into,  follow  up,  inquire  into. 

Sigh,  n.     Long  breath. 

Sich,  V.  n.    Grieve,  mourn,  complain,  lament. 


SIGHT 


884 


SIN 


Sigfhtr  n.    I,   Perception,  view,  ken,  cognizance. 

2.  Vision,  sense  of  sight. 

3.  Open  view,  visibility. 

4.  Knowledge,  view,  estimation,  consideration. 

5.  Spectacle,  show,  exhibition,  representation. 

6.  Inspection,  examination. 

7.  Eye  or  eyes. 

Sigbt,  V.  a.     See,  perceive,  get  sight  of. 

Sightless,  a.     Blind,  eyeless,  unseeing. 

Sightly,  a.     I.  Conspicuous,  promuient,  exposed 

to  view. 
2.   Comely,  handsome*,  beautiful. 
Sign,  «•     I.   Token,  mark,  note,  indication,  proof, 

index,  symptom,  manifestation,  symbol,  emblem. 

2.  Signal,  beacon. 

3.  Prodigy,  wonder,  miracle,  portent,  augury, 
presage,  prognostic,   auspice,  forebodmg,  oinen. 

4.  Symbol,  type. 

5.  Cognizance,  note. 

6.  Signature. 

Sign,  V.  a.     I.    Signify,  indicate. 

2.   Subscribe,   put  one's  name  to,  affix  one's 

signature  to. 
Signal,  n.     Token,  mark,  indication,  sign. 
Signal,  a.      Eminent,  memorable,    extraordinary, 

remarkable,  notable,  conspicuous. 
Signal-fire,  «.     Beacon. 
Signalize,   v    a.     Distinguish,    celebrate,    make 

memorable. 
Signature,  «.     I.   Stamp,  mark,  sign. 

2.    Sign-manual. 
Signet,  «.     Seal  {especially  of  a  sovereign)- 
Significance,  \n.     I.   Meaning,  import,  purport, 
Significancy,  j     sense. 

2.  Importance,  consequence,  weight,  moment. 

3.  Expressiveness,  impressiveness,  force,  en- 

Signuicant,    a..     I.    Betokening,    indicative,    ex- 
pressive, signifying,  significative, 

2.  Important,  weighty,  momentous. 

3.  Forcible,  eminently  expressive. 
Signification,  «.     I.    Expression. 

2.    Meaning,   sense,  import,  purport,  accepta- 
tion. 
Signify,  v-  a.      I.   Express,  communicate,  inti- 
mate, mdicate,  betoken. 

2.  Denote,    betoken,    mean,    imply,   purport, 
import. 

3.  Declare,  proclaim,  impart,  announce,  give 
notice  of,  manifest,  utter,  make  known. 

4.  Indicate,    betoken,    suggest    as    being  in- 
tended, represent. 

5.  Weigh,  matter,  import. 

Signify,  v.  n.     Import,  matter,  be  of  importance, 

be  of  consequence. 
Sign-manual,  «.    Signature. 
Silence,    «.       I.   Stillness,    noiselessness,    quiet, 

calm,  peace. 

2.  Taciturnity,  muteness,  dumbness. 

3.  Oblivion,  obscurity. 

4.  Secrecy. 

Silence,  v.  a.     I.  Still,  hush,  put  to  silence. 

2.   Allay,  quiet,  calm,  put  to  rest,  put  an  end 

to. 
Silence,  interj.    Hush,  whist,  soft,  tush,  chut,  tut, 

be  still,  be  silent,  hold  your  tongue. 
Silent,  a.     I.   Still,  noiseless,  quiet,  calm. 

2.  Mute,  dumb,  speechless. 

3.  Taciturn 

4.  Inactive,  calm,  undisturbed. 

5.  Quiescent. 

6.  Dormant 

Silex,  «.     Silica,  silicic  acid,  quartz,  flint,  oxide 

of  silicon. 
Silica,  n.     See  Silex. 
Silicic  acid.     See  Silex 
Silicite,  «.    {Min.)    Labradorite,  Labrador  spar. 


a.    Silky,  soft. 
Silldness,  n.     I.    Smoothness,  softness. 

2.    Effeminacy,  pusillanimity. 
Silk-weed,  «.     Milk-weed,  wild  cotton. 
Silky,  a.     Silken. 

Sill,  «•     I.   Lower  piece  of  a  frame  {as  of  a  door 
or  a  windo7v). 
2.   Ground-sill,  ground-plate. 
Silliness,  n.     Simplicity,  folly. 
Silly,   a.     I.    Senseless,   witless,   stupid,   foolish, 
simple,    weak,    childish,    inept,     weak-minded, 
brainless,  shallow. 

2.   Absurd,     trifling,    frivolous,     extravagant, 
preposterous,    nonsensical,     unwise,    indiscreet, 
imprudent. 
Silt,  n.     Sediment,  deposit,  alluvium. 
Silvan,  a.     Woody.     See  Sylvan 
Silver,  a.     I.    Silvery,  of  silvfer,  silvern. 

2.  White,  bright,  of  the  color  of  silver,  silvery. 

3.  Soft  and  clear  {as  sound),  mellifluous,  eu- 
phonious, not  harsh, 

4.  Gentle,  quiet,  peaceful,  sweet. 
Silvery,  a.     See  Silver. 
Similar,  a.     I.    Like,  resembling. 

2.    Homogeneous,  uniform. 

Similarity,  «.  Likeness,  resemblance,  parallel- 
ism, analogy,  correspondence,   parity. 

Simile,  «.     Similitude,  comparison,  metaphor. 

Similitude,  «.  I.  Likeness,  resemblance,  image, 
2.   Simile,  comparison,  metaphor. 

Simious,  a.     Monkey-like,  ape-like. 

Simitar,  «.     See  Scymitar  and  Cimeter 

Simmer,  v.  «.  Boil  {gently),  seethe,  siew,  bub- 
ble. 

Simmering,  a.     Boiling,  piping. 

Simoon  '  l  "'    ^^'"'^^'  khamsin,  harmattan. 

Simous,  a.     Snub-nosed,  flat-nosed. 

Simper,  v.  «.     Smile  {affectedly),  smirk. 

Simper,  «.     Smirk,  affected  smile. 

Simple,  a:.      I.    Single,   uncombined,   unmingled, 

uncompounded,     unmixed,     elementary,     bare, 

mere,  incomplex,  unblended. 

2.  Plain,  unadorned,  unstudied,  unaffected, 
unvarnished,  natural,  chaste,  neat,  unembel- 
lished. 

3.  Artless,  undesigning,  sincere,  unaffected, 
unconstrained,  frank,  open,  downright,  inarti- 
ficial, plain,  single-minded,  unsophisticated, 
straightforward,  true,  simple-hearted,  simple- 
minded,  naive 

4.  Silly,  foolish,  weak,  credulous,  shallow,  un- 
wise, unsophisticated,  homely. 

5.  Unmistakable,  clear,  intelligible. 
Simple,  n.     Medicinal  plant. 

Simple-hearted,  <v.  Ingenuous,  frank,  open,  art- 
less, single-hearted,  simple. 

Simple-minded,  a.     See  Simple-hearted. 
Simplicity,  n.     I.   Plainness,  naturalness,  chaste- 
ness,  neatness. 

2.  Artlessness,  sincerity,  frankness,  openness, 
truth,  hannlessness. 

3.  Plainness,  clearness. 

4.  Silliness,  folly,  weakness. 

Simply,  ad.    I.   Plainly,  artlessly,  sincerely,  truly. 

2.  Alone,  absolutely. 

3.  Merely,  barely,  solely,  of  itself. 

4.  Weakly,  foolishly. 

Simulate,  v.  a.  Feign,  counterfeit,  act,  sham, 
aiTect,  pretend,  assume. 

Simulation,  «.  Feigning,  counterfeiting,  persona- 
tion, pretence. 

Sin,  «.      I.   Offence  {against  the    divine    law), 
transgression,  iniquity,  unrighteousness,  wicked- 
ness, moral  depravity,  wrong,  delinquency. 
2.    Oflence,  transgression. 

Sin,  V.  n     Trespass,  do  wrong,  transgress- 


SINAPISM 


385 


SIT 


H.     Mustard  plaster,  mustard  poultice. 
SiJlce,    conj.      Because,    as,   considering,     seeing 

that,  because  that,  inasmuch  as. 
SincCf  ad.     I.   Ago,  before  this. 

2.   From  that  time. 
Since, /r*-/-    After,  from  the  time  of,  subsequently 

to. 
Sincere,  a.     I.   Pure,  unmixed. 

2.  True,  real,  unfeigned,  genuine,  unaffected, 
unvarnished,  inartificial,  honest. 

3.  Honest,  ingenuous,  open,  frank,  candid, 
hearty,  undissembling,  artless,  guileless,  single, 
truthful,  true,  upright,  direct,  plain. 

Sincerely,  ad.     I.    Perfectly,  purely. 
2.    Honestly,  unfeignedly. 

Sincerity,  «.  Honesty,  ingenuousness,  candor, 
frankness,  artlessness,  guilelessness,  probity, 
veracity,  truth,  truthfulness,  genuineness,  earn- 
estness. 

Sinciput,  «.     (Anat.)     Bregma,  top  of  the  head. 

Sine  qua  non.  [L.J  Necessity,  necessary,  requi- 
site, essential,  indispensable  thing,  indispensable 
condition. 

Sinew,  «.     I.    Tendon. 

2.  Muscle,  nerve,  brawn. 

3.  Strength. 

Sinewy,  a.  Muscular,  brawny,  athletic,  nervous, 
vigorous,  firm,  stalwart,  strapping,  robust,  power- 
ful, sturdy,  strong,  Herculean,  able-bodied,  made 
of  iron. 

Sinful,  a.  Wicked,  unrighteous,  iniquitous,  un- 
holy, wrong,  immoral,  depraved,  criminal,  mis- 
chievous, bad. 

Sinfulness,  n.  Wickedness,  depravity,  unright- 
eousness, iniquity,  unholiness,  criminality,  un- 
godliness, irreligion,  moral  corruption. 

Sing:,  V.  n.     Carol,  chant,  warble. 

Sing,  V.  a.  Carol,  chant,  warble,  hum,  hymn, 
celebrate  in  song 

Singe,  V.  a.     Scorch,  bum  {slightly). 

Singer,  «.     Chanter,  songster,  vocalist,  minstrel. 

Single,  a.     I.   Sole,  one  only. 

2.  Particular,  individual,  separate. 

3.  Unmarried,  unwedded. 

4.  Pure,  simple,  unmixed,  uncompounded. 

5.  Alone,  solitary,  isolated. 

6.  Sincere,  uncorrupt,  unbiassed,  upright,  in- 
genuous, simple,  honest 

Single,  V.  a.     Choose,  select,  single  out. 
Single-handed,  a.    Alone,    unaided,    unassisted, 

by  one's  self. 
Single  life.    Celibacy,  unmarried  state. 
Single-minded,  a.     Ingenuous,  guileless,  sincere, 

candid,  artless. 
Singleness,  n.     I.   Unity,  individuality. 

2.  Purity,  simphcity. 

3.  Sincerity,  integrity,  uprightness,  ingenuous- 
ness. 

4.  Celibacy,  single  blessedness. 
Single  out.     Choose,  select,  single,  pick- 
Single-tree,  «■    Whiffle-tree,  whipple-tree. 
Singly,  ad.     I*    Individually,   particularly,    sepa- 
rately. 

2.  Only. 

3.  Honestly,  sincerely. 
Singular,  «.     I.    Single,  individual. 

2.  Single,  uncompounded,  not  complex. 

3.  Unusual,  uncommon,  rare,  unwonted, 
strange,  extraordinary,  remarkable,  peculiar.  j 

4.  Particular,  peculiar,  exceptional,  unexam- 
pled, unparalleled,  remarkable,  unprecedented, 
unaccountable,  strangle  I 

5.  Remarkable,  eminent,  unusual,  rare,  extra-  ' 
ordinary,  exceptional. 

6.  Unique. 

7.  Peculiar,  odd,  eccentric,  queer,  fantastic, ' 
bizarre,  ' 

25 


Singularity,  ».  I.  Uncommonness,  rareness, 
rarity,  strangeness,  oddness,  abnormity,  aber- 
ration, irregularity. 

2.  Peculiarity,  particularity,  idiosyncrasy,  in- 
dividuality. 

3.  Eccentricity,  oddity,  queerness,  strangeness. 

4.  Celibacy. 
Sinister,  a.     I.  Left,  on  the  left  hand. 

2.  Unlucky,    inauspicious,    unfortunate,    un- 
toward, disastrous,  injurious. 

3.  Wrong,  bad,  evil,  perverse,  corrupt,  wicked, 
sinful,  criminal,  dishonest. 

Sink,  V.  n.  I.  Fall  {gradually)^  subside,  de- 
scend, go  down,  go  to  the  bottom. 

2.  Fall  slowly,  drop,  droop. 

3.  Penetrate,  enter. 

4.  Be  depressed,  be  overwhelmed. 

5.  Decline,    decrease,    decay,    dwindle,    lose 
strength,  give  way. 

Sink,  V.  a.  I.  Merge,  submerge,  submerse,  im- 
merse, engulf. 

2.  Dig,  excavate,  scoop  out. 

3.  Depress,    degrade,    lower,    abase,    debase, 
diminish,  lessen,  bring  down,  let  down. 

4.  Ruin,    destroy,    waste,     overthrow,     over- 
whelm, swamp. 

5.  Depress,  overbear,  crush. 

6.  Reduce,  bring  low. 
Sink,  n.     Drain,  sewer. 

Sinking,  a.  Falling,  subsiding,  depressing,  de- 
clining. 

SinlesSf  a.     I.   Guileless,  innocent,  spotless,  fault- 
less, immaculate,  impeccable,  unblemished,  un- 
tarnished, undefiled,  unsullied, 
2.    Pure,  perfect. 

Sinlessness,  ».  Faultlessness,  immaculateness, 
innocence,  purity,  impeccability. 

Sinner,  n.  Offender,  delinquent,  criminal,  wrong- 
doer, evil-doer,  wicked  person. 

iiSSed,!''-     See  Sinuous. 

Sinuosity,  «._    Curvature,  flexure,  crook,  winding, 

tortuosity,  sinus. 
Sinuous,  a.    Winding,  crooked,  curved,  curvilinear, 

curvilineal,   sinuate,  sinuated,  serpentine,  flexu- 

ous,  bending  in  and  out. 
Sinus,  n.    [L.]     I.    Bay,  recess. 

2.  Hollow,  opening,  bending,  sinuosity. 

3.  {Surg.)    Fistula. 

4.  \Bot.)     Hollow. 

5.  {Conch.)    Groove,  cavity. 
Sip,  z/.  <z.      I.    T>rm)s.  (a  little  at  a  time),  %\\^. 

2.  Absorb,  drink  in  {in  small  quantities). 

3.  Extract,  suck  up. 
Sip,  n.     Taste,  small  draught. 
Sire,  ».     I.  {Poetical.)    Father,  progenitor, 

2.   Male  parent  {of  a  beast). 
Siren,  n.     I.    Mermaid. 

2.  [Written  al.so  Syren.]    Tempter,  seducer, 
Circe,  bewitching  or  fascinating  woman. 

3.  {Zool.)    Mud  iguana,  mud-eel. 
Siren,  a.     Alluring,  seducing,  tempting,  bewitch- 
ing, fascinating.  f 

Siriasis,  ».     [L.]    {Med.)    Sun-stroke,  insolation, 

stroke  of  the  sun,  coup-de-soleil. 
Sirius,  n.     Canicula,  dog-star. 
Siskin,  n.     Aberdevine  {Fringilla  spinus). 
Sit,  V.  n.     I.    Be  seated,  have  a  seat. 

2.  Perch  {as  a  bird). 

3.  Stay,  be,  remain. 

4.  Rest,  remain,  repose,  abide. 

5.  Rest,  lie,  bear  on. 

6.  Dwell,  settle,  rest,  abide,  be  placed,  have 
a  seat. 

7.  Brood  {as  ^owls),  incubate. 

8.  Fit,  be  adjusted,  suit,  become,  be  suited. 

9.  Hold  a  session,  be  convened. 


SITE 


386 


SLACKLY 


SitCt  n-  Place,  situation,  locality,  location,  posi- 
tion, seat,  station. 

Sitting:,  n.     Session. 

Situation,  «.  I.  Place,  locality,  station,  location, 
site,  position,  seat,  ground,  spot. 

2.  Condition,  state,  plight,  case,  predicament, 
category,  circumstances. 

3.  Post,  station,  office,  employment,  place. 
Six-sided,  a.     Hexahedral,  cubic. 

Size,  n.     I.    Bigness,  greatness,  magnitude,  bulk, 
volume,  dimensions,  largeness. 
2.    Sizing,  weak  glue,  glutinous  substance. 

Sizingf,  «.    Size,  weak  glue. 

Skald,  «.  [Written  also  Scald.]  Ancient  Scandi- 
navian bard. 

Skein,  ».    Knot. 

Skeleton,  n.     I.   Framework 

2.   Sketch,  outline,  draught,  rough  draught. 

Skeptic,  n.     [Written  also  Sceptic]     I.   Doubter, 
disbeliever. 
2.   Deist,  infidel,  unbeliever,  free-thinker. 

Skeptical,  a.  [Written  also  Sceptical]  Doubt- 
ing, disbelieving,  incredulous. 

Skepticism,  «.      [Written  also  Scepticism.]      I. 
Doubt,  incredulity,  Pyrrhonism. 
2.    Unbelief,  infidelity,  free-thinking. 

Sketch,  n.  Outline,  drawing,  delineation,  plan, 
skeleton,  rough  draught,  first  draught,  design  in 
outline. 

Sketch,  V.  a.  I.  Draw  (in  outline).,  chalk  out, 
make  a  rough  draught  of,  design,  draught. 

2.   Depict,  delineate,  represent,  portray,  paint. 

Sketchy,  a.     Incomplete,  unfinished. 

Skilful,  a.  Skilled,  well-versed,  versed,  conver- 
sant, proficient,  learned,  knowing,  intelligent, 
ingenious,  competent,  able,  clever,  qualified, 
practised,  trained,  initiated,  prepared,  accom- 
plished, expert,  adept,  dexterous,  adroit,  apt, 
handy,  ready,  quick,  masterly. 

Skilfully,  ad.  Ably,  cleverly,  well,  dexterously, 
expertly,  secundum  artem. 

Skilfulness,  «.  Dexterity,  dexterousness,  expert- 
ness. 

Skill,  «.  I.  Skilfulness,  dexterity,  dexterous- 
ness, aptness,  adroitness,  readiness,  facility,  ex- 
pertness,  cleverness,  quickness,  knack,  address, 
ingenuity,  ability,  art,  aptitude. 

2.   Discrimination,    discernment,    understand- 
ing, wit,  knowledge 

Skilled,  a.    See  Skilful. 

Skim,  V.  n.     Pass  lightly  or  superficially. 

Skin,  «.     I.    Hide,  pelt,  derm,  cutis, 
2.    Husk,  hull,  peel,  rind. 

Skin,  V.  a.     I.   Flay,  excoriate,  peel. 

2.  Peel,  pare. 

3.  Cover  with  a  skin  or  crust. 
Skin-deep,  a.  Superficial,  slight. 
Skin-flint,    «.     Miser,    niggard,    churl,    hunks, 

scrimp,  screw,  curmudgeon,  hck-penny,  sordid 
wretch. 

Skin-like,  a.     Dermatoid. 

Skinny,  a.  Lean,  poor,  thin,  lank,  shrunk, 
emaciated,  shrivelled. 

Skip,  V.  n.     Leap,  jump,  bound,  spring,  hop,  caper. 

Skip,  V.  a.  Disregard,  omit,  neglect,  miss,  skip 
over,  pass  without  notice. 

Skip,  n.     Leap,  jump,  bound,  spring,  hop,  caper. 

Skip  over.     Disregard,  skip. 

Skipper,  «.  I.  Master  (pf  a  small  vessel),  sea- 
captain. 

2.  {/cA.)    Ssiury-pikt  {Scomieresox  saurus). 

3.  (Ent.)    Cheese  maggot. 

Skirmish,  «.  Fight  {of  slight  consequence)^  battle, 
collision,  conflict,  combat,  brush,  affair,  contest, 
contention. 

Skirt,  «  I.  Flap,  loose  part  {of  a  garment  below 
the  waist). 


2.  Petticoat. 

3.  Edge,  border,  margin,  verge,  rim,  extreme 
part. 

Skirt,  V.  a.     Border,  from  the  border  or  edge  of. 

Skirting,  «.     Skirting-board. 

Skirting-board,  «.  Washboard,  skirting,  mop- 
board,  surbase,  baseboard 

Skittish,  a.  I.  Shy  {as  a  horse),  timid,  timorous, 
easily  frightened. 

2.  Hasty,  volatile,  wanton. 

3.  Changeable,  inconstant,  fickle. 
Skittishly,  ad.     Shyly,  wantonly,  changeably. 
Skittishness,  «.     I.    Shyness,  timidity. 

2.    Fickleness,  wantonness,  inconstancy. 

Skittles,  «.  pi.     Ninepins. 

Skulk,  V.  n-     Lurk,  hide,  sneak,  slink,  lie  hid. 

Skulker,  n.     Lurker,  shirk,  sneak,  mean  fellow. 

Skull,  «.     I.   Cranium,  brain-pan. 
2.    Brain. 

Skunk-hlackWrd,  «.     See  Skunk-bird. 

Skunk-hird,  «.  Bobolink,  rice-bird,  skunk- 
blackbird  {Emberiza  oryzivora). 

Skunk-cahbage,  «•  Swamp-cabbage  {Symplo- 
carpus  fcBtidus),  skunk-weed. 

Skunk-weed,  «.     See  Skunk-cabbage. 

Sky,  «.  I.  Firmament,  heavens,  canopy  of 
heaven,  celestial  expanse. 

2.  Region  of  clouds. 

3.  Weather,  climate. 

Sky-blue,  a.  Cerulean,  azure,  sky-colored,  sap- 
phire. 

Sky-color,  n.     Azure,  blue,  sapphire. 

Skyey,  a.     Ethereal. 

Skylark,  «.     Laverock  {Alauda  arvensis). 

Skylarking,  n.     Frolicking,  sporting,  carousing. 

Slab,  a.     Thick,  viscous,  slimy. 

Slab,  n.     Slime,  puddle,  mud. 

Slabber,  v.  a.     Slaver,  slobber. 

Slabber,  v.  n.   [Written  also  Slobber.]  I.   Slaver, 
drivel. 
2.   Shed,  spill,  drop,  let  fall 

Slabber,  «.     Slaver,  slobber. 

Slabberer,  «.     Idiot,  driveller,  slaverer. 

Slabbery,  a.     Slippery,  wet,  sloppy. 

Slabby,  a.     I.   Viscous,  sticky,  glutinous,  thick. 
2.    Wet,  slimy,  muddy,  sloppy,  miry. 

Slack,  a,  I.  Backward,  remiss,  careless,  negli- 
gent. 

2.  Slow,   tardy,    dilatory,    lingering,    abated, 
diminished. 

3.  Loose,  relaxed. 

4.  Weakj  remiss. 

5.  Dull,  idle,  quiet,  inactive. 

Slack,  ad.     Partially,  insufficiently,  imperfectly. 
Slack,  V.  n.     See  Slacken. 
Slack,  V.  a.     I.   See  Slacken. 

2.    Slake  {as  lime). 
Slacked-lime,  «.     Hydrate  of  lime. 
Slacken,  v.   «.       I.    Slack,  abate,   become   less 
intense,  be  diminished. 

2.  Become  loose  or  slack,  be  made  less  tight 
or  tense,  relax. 

3.  Neglect,  be  remiss,  be  backward,  fail. 

4.  Become  slow. 

5.  Languish,  flag,  fail. 

Slacken,  v.  a.  I.  Retard,  slack,  moderate,  make 
slower. 

2.  Loosen,  relax,   make  less  tight  or  tense, 
lessen  the  tension  of. 

3.  Lessen,  diminish,   abate,    mitigate,   remit, 
reheve. 

4.  Relax,  neglect,  be  remiss  in,  defer,  put  off. 

5.  Abate,  lower,  make  less. 

6.  Withhold,  use  less  liberally. 

7.  Repress,  check,  restrain,  curb,  bridle,  con- 
trol. 

Slackly,  ad.     I.   Loosely. 


SLACKNESS 


387 


SLIGHT 


2.  Negligently,  remissly,  carelessly,  tardily. 
Slackness,  n.     I.    Looseness. 

2     Remissness,  negligence,  inattention. 

3.  Slowness,  tardiness,  want  of  tendency. 

4.  Weakness,  feebleness,  slowness. 

Slagt  «      Refuse,  dross,  recrement,  cinders,  scoria. 

Slake,  V.  a.     I.   Quench,  extinguish,  allay,  abate, 
decrease,  slacken, 
2.   Slack  {as  lime). 

Slake,  V.  ft.    I.   Desist,  fail,  go  out,  be  quenched, 
become  extinct. 
2.   Abate,  decrease,  become  less  decided. 

Slakeless,  a-  Quenchless,  inextinguishable,  in- 
satiable. 

Slam,  V.  a      Bang,  shut  with  noise. 

Slander,  v.  a.       i.     Defame,  calumniate,  vilify, 
scandalize,    decry,    reproach,    malign,     traduce, 
brand,  blacken,  asperse,  backbite,  libel,  belie. 
2    Disparage,  detract  from 

Slander,  n.      I      Defamation,   aspersion,   detrac- 
tion, calumny,  backbiting,  scandal,  obloquy. 
2.   Libel,  calumny. 

Slanderer,  «.  Calumniator,  backbiter,  libeller, 
defamer,  traducer,  maligner.  detractor. 

Slanderous,  a.  I.  Calumnious,  defamatory,  libel- 
lous, false  and  malicious. 

2.  Backbiting,  maligning,  calumnious,  false 
and  malicious. 

Slang,  n.  Cant,  low  language,  inelegant  expres- 
sion, unauthorized  language. 

Slant,  a.     See  Slanting. 

Slant,  ft.    Slope. 

Slant,  V-  ft.    Slope,  lean,  incline,  lie  obliquely. 

Slanting,  a.     Inclining,  sloping,  oblique,  slant. 

Slap,  ft.     Blow  IwiiA  somethiftg  broad),  clap. 

Slap,  ad  {Colloq.).  With  a  slap,  plumply,  quickly, 
instantly 

Slap,  z>.  a.  Strike  {with  soituthiftg  broad),  dab, 
pat,  spank. 

Slap-dash,  ad.  (Colloq.)  In  a  hurry,  in  a  hurry, 
skurry,  without  forethought,  at  hap-hazard,  at 
random. 

Slash.  V.  a.    I.   Slit. 

2.   Cracky  snap,  smack. 

Slash,  ft.    Slit,  long  cut- 
Slashed,  a.    I.   silt,  cut. 

2.  {Boi.)     Laciniate,  multifid,  jagged. 

Slattern,  ».  Slut,  drab,  draggletail,  slovenly 
woman. 

Slattern,  a.    Slovenly,  slatternly,  sluttish. 

Slatternly,  a  Slovenly,  slattern,  untidy,  un- 
cleanly, dirty,  sluttish. 

Slatternly,  ad.  Negligently,  carelessly,  sluttishly, 
untidily,  m  a  slovenly  manner. 

Slaty,  a.  Laminated,  laminar,  schistous,  schis- 
tose 

Slaughter,   «.      I.     Massacre,    murder,   carnage, 
bloodshed,  butchery,  havoc,  killing,  slaying, 
2.    Butchery,  killing. 

Slaughter,  v.  a.  I.  Massacre,  slay,  kill,  murder, 
butcher. 

2.    Butcher,  kill. 

Slaughterer,  «.      I.    Murderer,  assassin,  slayer, 
killer,  butcher,  cut-throat,  destroyer. 
2     Butcher. 

Slaughter-house,  «.    Abattoir. 

Slave,  n.  I.  Bondman,  bond-servant,  bond-slave, 
captive,  vassal,  henchman,  dependant. 

2.  Drudge. 

3.  [Written  also  Schlav,  Schlavoftiafi,  Srla- 
voftic,  Sclavic]  Slav,  Slavonian,  Slavonic, 
Slavic. 

Slave.  V.  ft.     Drudge,  toil,  moil. 
Slaver.  «,     Drivel,  slabber,  slobber. 
Slaver,  v.  ft.     Slabber,  slobber,  drivel. 
Slaverer,  fi.     Idiot,  driveller,  slabberer. 
Slavery,  n.      I.     Bondage,  servitude,  thraldom, 


enthralment,  enslavement,  captivity,  boii^-service, 

vassalage. 
2.   Drudgery,  mean  labor. 
Slavic,  a.     [Spelled  also  Sclavic,  Sclavoftiaft.\ 

Slavonic,  Slavonian. 
Slavish,  a.     I.  Servile,  low,  mean,  base,  cringing, 

obsequious,    fawning,^  supple,    grovelling,    syco- 

f)hantic,  abject,  sneaking,  beggarly,  base-minded, 
ow-minded. 
2.    Drudging,  laborious,  menial,  servile. 
Slavonian,  |  a.     [Written  also  Sclavotiiafi,  Scla- 
Slavonic,    )      von.ic.\    Slav,  Slavic. 
Slay,  V  a.     I.    Kill,  slaughter,  murder,  massacre, 
despatch,  butcher,  assassinate. 
2.    Destroy,  ruin,  put  an  end  to. 
Slayer,  «.     Killer,  murderer,  destroyer,  slaugh- 
terer, assassin. 
Sleazy,  a.    Thin,  flimsy,  weak,  poor. 
Sled,  ft.     See  Sledgb. 
Sledge,  ft.     I.  lEfig.\    Sled, 

2.  Sleigh. 

3.  Sledge-hammer, 

Sledge-haimner,  n.    Sledge,  ironsmith's  hammer, 

smith's  hammer. 
Sleek,  a.     Smooth,  glossy,  silken,  silky,  satin. 
Sleek,  V.  a.     I.   Smooth,  make  even 

2.   Soothe,  appease,  calm,  tranquillize. 
Sleekly,  ad.     Smoothly,  glossily,  nicely,  evenly. 
Sleep,   V.   ft.      I.     Slumber,   rest,    repose,    doze, 

drowse,  nap. 

2.  Rest,  be  still,  be  motionless. 

3.  Be  dead,  lie  in  the  grave. 

4.  Be  thoughtless,  be  heedless,  be  careless. 
Sleep,  ft     I.   Slumber,  repose,  rest. 

2.  Death. 
Sleepily,  ad.     I.   Drowsily. 

2.    Lazily,  dully,  stupidly,  heavily. 
Sleepiness.  ».     Drowsiness,  somnolence,  doziness, 

inclination  to  sleep. 
Sleeping,  a.    Dormant,  inactive,  quiescent. 
Sleepless,  a      I.   Wakeful. 

2.    Restless,  agitated 
Sleep-walker,   «.      Somnambulist,  night-walker, 

noctambulist. 
Sleep-walking,  n.     Somnambulism. 
Sleepy,  a.     I.    Drowsy,  somnolent,  dozy,  heavy, 
inclined  to  sleep. 

2.  Somniferous,   soporiferous,   narcotic,  sopo- 
rific somnific,  slumberous,  opiate. 

3.  Sluggish,  inactive,  heavy,  lazy,  dull,  torpid, 
slow. 

Sleight,  «.     I.   Sly  artifice,  artful  trick. 

2.    Adroitness,    dexterity,    manoeuvring,   dex- 
terous management- 
Sleight  of  hand.     Legerdemain,  hocus-pocus,  jug- 
glery, prestidigitation. 
Slender,  a,     I.    Slim,  thin,  narrow,  slight. 

2.  Weak,  feeble,  slight,  fragile,  flimsy,  fine 

3.  Small,  inconsiderable,  moderate,  trivial. 

4.  Meagre,  scanty,  inadequate,  small,  insuffi- 
cient, pitiful,  lean. 

5.  Spare,  sparing,  abstemious,  light,  meagre, 
simple. 

Sleuth-hound,  ».    Blood-hound,  slot-hound,  slow- 
hound. 
Sley,  ft.    [Written  also  Slay.\    Weaver's  reed. 
Slice,  V.  a.     I.    Cut  {ifito  thift pieces) 

2.  Cut,  divide,  part. 

3.  Cut  off,  sever. 

Slice,  ft.     Collop,  chop,  thin  piece. 

Slide,  V.  ft-    Glide,  slip,  move  smoothly. 

Slide,  ft.     Glide,  slip. 

Sliding,  a.     Slippery,  uncertain,  gliding. 

Sliding,  ft.  Lapse,  falling,  backsliding,  transgres- 
sion, fault. 

Slight,  a.  I.  Small,  little,  trifling,  inconsiderable, 
trivial,  petty,  paltry,  insignificant,  unimportant. 


SLIGHT 


888 


SLUM 


2.  Weak,  feeble,  gentle. 

3.  Cursory,  hasty,  hurried,  desultory,  superfi- 
cial, scanty,  careless,  negligent. 

4.  Perisiiable,  flimsy. 

5.  Contemptible,  worthless,  frivolous,  paltry. 

6.  Slim,  slender. 

7.  Contemptuous,  disdainful. 

8.  Faint. 

Slight,  «.     I.   Neglect,  disregard,  inattention,  dis- 
respect, contempt,  scorn,  disdain,  indignity. 
2.   See  Sleight. 
Slight,  V.  a.     I.   Neglect,  disregard,  disdain,  de- 
spise, scorn. 
2.   Overlook. 
Slightingly,  ad.    Disrespectfully,  scornfully,  con- 
temptuously, slightly,  with  contempt,  with  scorn. 
Slightly,  ad.    I.   Little. 

2.  Weakly,  feebly,  slenderly. 

3.  Cursorily,     negligently,     hastily,     superfi- 
cially. 

4.  Scornfully,  contemptuously,  disrespectfully, 
slightingly. 

Slily,  ad.     Cunningly.     See  Slyly. 
Slim,  a.      I.    Slender,  thin,  narrow,  lank,  gaunt, 
meagre. 

2.  Weak,  slight,  trivial,  trifling,  paltry,  unsub- 
stantial, inconsiderable,  poor. 

3.  Slight,  poor,  insufficient. 
Sllme,  n.     Mud,  ooze,  mire. 
Slimy,  a.     I.    Miry,  muddy,  oozy. 

2.   Ropy,  clammy,  viscous,   viscid,   glutinous, 
gummy,  mucilaginous,  gelatinous,  mucous,  slabby. 
Sling,  V.  a.     I.   Throw,  cast,  hurl,  fling. 

2.    Hang  up,  suspend. 
Slink,  V.  n.     Sneak,  skulk,  steal  away,  slip  away. 
Slip,  V.  n.     I.   Glide,  slide. 

2.   Err,  trip,  mistake,  fall  into  error,  commit  a 
fault. 
Slip,  V.  a.     I.    Put  stealthily,  convey  secretly. 

2.  Omit,  allow  to  escape,  lose  by  negligence. 

3.  Throw  off,  disengage  one's  self  from. 

4.  Loose,  loosen,  let  loose,  let  go. 
Slip,  n.     I.   Slide,  glide,  slipping. 

2.  Error,  mistake,  blunder,  fault,  trip,   over- 
sight. 

3.  Transgression,    indiscretion,    backsliding, 
error,  fault. 

4.  Cutting,  twig,  shoot,  scion. 

5.  Strip,  long  and  narrow  piece,  streak. 

6.  Leash,  strap,  string,  cord. 

7.  Escape,  desertion. 

8.  Case,  covering,  wrapper. 

Slip  away.     I.   Escape,  glide  away,  slide  away. 

2.   Sneak,  skulk,  slink,  steal  away,  slink  away. 
Slip  on.     Put  on  hastily 
Slippexiness,  «.     I.   Lubricity,  smoothness. 

2.  Glibness,  smoothness. 

3.  Uncertainty,     mutability,    changeableness, 
unsteadiness. 

4.  Lubricity,  untrustworthiness,  shiftiness,  in- 
stability. 

Slippery,  a      I.   Smooth,  glib. 

2-   Unstable,  uncertain,  changeable,  mutable, 
unsteady,  shaky,  insecure,  perilons,  unsafe. 

3.  Treacherous,  perfidious,  faithless,  knavish, 
dishonest,  false,  cunning,  shifty,  elusive. 

4.  Wanton,  incontinent,  unchaste,  false,   un- 
faithful. 

Slipshod,  a      Careless,  slovenly,  shuffling,  untidy. 
Slipslop,  a.     Washy,  trashy,  feeble,  poor,  jejune. 
Slit,  V.  a.     I.    Cut  {lengthwise)' 

2.   Sunder,  divide,  rend,  cut,  split. 
Slit,  ft.     Long  cut. 
Slohher,  v.  a.     I.    Slabber,  slaver,  drivel. 

2.  Daub,  stain,  obscure,  darken,  smear,  slaver. 

3.  [Written  also  .S"/«<5/J^r. )     Sully,  soil,  defile. 
Slohher,  V.  n.     Slabber,  slaver,  drivel 


Slobbery,  a.  Moist,  muddy,  sloppy,  wet,  dank, 
flood  y. 

Sloe,  ft.     Black-thorn  {Prutius  spiftosa). 

Slogan,  n.    iScotch.}    I.   War  cry  or   gathering- 
word  (o/  a  Highland  clan). 
2.   Watch-word  (o/ soldiers). 

Slop,  V.  a.     Spill. 

Slope,  ft.     I.   Obliquity,  oblique  direction,  direc- 
tion downward. 
2.  Inclination,  acclivity  or  declivity. 

Slope,  V.  a.     Incline. 

Slope,  V.  n.  Incline,  slant,  take  an  oblique  direc- 
tion. 

Sloping,  a.  Inclining,  slanting,  declivous,  ob- 
lique. 

Sloppy,  a,  Plashy,  splashy,  muddy,  slobbery,  wet, 
slabby. 

Slosh,  «.     Slush,  sludge. 

SlOShy,  a.     Slushy,  sludgy. 

Sloth,  n.     I.    Slowness,  tardiness,  dilatoriness. 
2.   Inactivity,    inaction,    laziness,     indolence, 
idleness,    inertness,   sluggishness,  torpor,   lump- 
ishness,  supineness,  slothfulness. 

Slothful,  a.  Lazy,  idle,  inert,  sluggish,  indolent, 
dronish,  inactive,  lumpish,  supine,  torpid, 
slack. 

Slothfulness,  «.     See  Sloth. 

Slot-hound,  n.  Blood-hound,  sleuth-hound,  slow- 
hound. 

Slouch,  n.    I.   Lubber,  clown,  awkward    fellow, 
lout. 
2.   Clownish  gait,  stoop. 

Slouching,  a.  Awkward,  uncouth,  clownish,  lub- 
berly, loutish,  ungainly. 

Slough,  n,     I.   Quagmire,  morass,  bog,  fen. 

2.  Crust,  scab,  eschar, 

3.  Spoil,  cast  skin,  tegument. 

Sloughy,  a-     I,    Miry,  boggy,  queachy,  marshy. 

2.    Foul,  mortified,  suppurated. 
Slovenly,  a.     I.   Untidy,  unclean. 

2.  Disorderly,  loose,  untidy. 

3.  Perfunctory,    heedless,    reckless,    careless, 
lazy,  negligent. 

Slow,  a.     I.   Moderate,  deliberate. 

2.  Gradual. 

3.  Dull,  heavy,  dead,  inert,  inactive. 

4.  Tardy,  behindhand. 

5.  Late. 

6.  Unready, 

7.  Tardy,  dilatory,  inactive,  sluggish,  late,  de- 
laying, lingering,  slack. 

8.  Dull,  stupid,  heavy,  vvearisome. 

Slows,  «.  {Med.)  Milk-sickness,  swamp-sick- 
ness. 

Slow -worm,  «.     Blind-worm  {Anguis  /ragilis). 

Sludge,  n.     I.    Slosh,  slush. 
2.   Mud,  mire. 

Slug,  «.     I.    Snail  {without  a  shell). 

2.   Drone,  sluggard,  idler,   laggard,  dawdler, 
lounger. 

Sluggard,  «.    Drone,  lounger,  idler,  laggard,  slug. 

Sluggard,  a.     Sluggish,  lazy. 

Sluggish,  n.  I.  Indolent,  idle,  lazy,  slothful, 
dull,  inactive,  drowsy,  inert,  dronish,  lumpish, 
supine,  phlegmatic. 

2.  Slow. 

3.  Inert,  inactive. 

4.  Dull,  tame,  stupid,  simple. 
Sluggishness,   n.       I.    Phlegm,   apathy,   insensi- 
bility, dulness,  indifference,  inertness,  indolence, 
slothfulness,  laziness,  supineness,  torpor,  sloth. 

2.  Inertness. 

3.  Slowness. 
Sluice,  «.     Opening,  vent. 

Sluice-gate,  «.     Flood-gate,  water-gate,  sluice. 
Slum.  n.     Close  (/«  a  crty),  alley,  lane,  dark  re- 
treat, low  neighborhood. 


SLUMBER 


389 


SMOKE 


SIlUll1)eX'>  V.  n.      I.   Sleep  (lightly),  doze,  nap, 
suooze. 
2.   Sleep,  repose- 
Slumber,  «     I.    S\tcp  {not  deep  or  profound),  Tt- 
pose,  rest,  doze,  nap,  light  sleep. 
2.    Sleep,  repose,  rest. 
SIaml)er0US>  a.     Soporific,   soporiferous,  somnif- 
erous, somnific,  sleepy,  drowsy. 
SlnmPt  V.  n.     Sink  (as  in  walking  on  snow),  fall 

through. 
Slur,  V.  a.     I.    Tarnish,   soil,   sully,  contaminate, 
pollute,  disgrace. 

2.  Reproach,  traduce,  asperse^  disparage,  de- 
preciate, calumniate,  speak  of  slightmgly  or  dis- 
respectfully. 

3.  Disregard,  slight,  pass  by,  pass  over,  gloss 
over,  obscure,  conceal. 

Slur»  n.     I.   Mark,  stain. 

2.  Reproach,  stigma,  stain,  brand,  disgrace. 

3.  Innuendo. 

4.  (In printing.)  Blur,  double,  macule. 
Slush,  n.     I.    Slosh,  sludge. 

2.   (Naut.)    Grease,  fat. 

Slushy,  a.     Sloshy,  sludgy 

Slut,  «.     Slattern,  drab,  draggletail. 

Sluttish,  a.  Untidy,  careless,  disorderly,  un- 
cleanly, dirtv. 

Sly,  a.  I.  Cunning,  artful,  crafty,  wily,  subtle, 
insidious. 

2.  Wily,  cautious,  shrewd,  nimble,  skilful, 
knowing,  fine,  subtle,  astute. 

3.  Arch,  knowing. 

4.  Secret,  underhand,  clandestine,  stealthy. 
Slyboots,  n.     (Colloq  )    Rogue,  artful  fellow,   sly 

dog,  waggish  person. 
Slyly,  ad.     Craftily,  cunningly,  insidiously. 
Smack,  v.   n.      I.  Taste,  have  a  taste,   have  a 

flavor. 

2.  Have  a  tincture,  have  a  quality,  have  a 
savor. 

3.  Kiss  ilondly),  buss 
Smack,  z'.  a.     I.    K\ss  (loudly),  huss. 

2.  Crack,  snap,  slash. 

3.  Sl^p  (loudly). 

Smack,  n.  I.  Taste,  savor,  flavor,  tang,  tinc- 
ture. 

2.  Tincture,  touch,  tinge,  dash,  spice,  infusion, 
sprinkling,  little,  small  quantity,  soupfon. 

3.  Buss,  loud  kiss 

4.  Smattering,  superficial  knowledge. 

5.  Crack,  snap,  slash. 

6.  Slap. 

Smackiug,  a.     Brisk,  fresh,  smart. 

Small,  a.     I.    Little,  diminutive,  tiny,  puny. 

2.  Little,  minute,  microscopic,  molecular, 
atomic,  corpuscular,  fine. 

3.  Petty,  trifling,  trivial,  inconsiderable,  insig- 
nificant, unimportant. 

4.  Slender,  scanty,  paltry,  moderate. 

5.  Feeble,  weak,  faint,  slight. 

6.  Mean,  sordid,  selfish,  illiberal,  ungenerous, 
narrow,  narrow-minded,  base,  unworthy. 

7.  Shallow,  unintelligent,  unintellectual,  un- 
gifted,  stolid,  dull,  feeble-minded,  petty,  insig- 
nificant, inferior. 

8.  Weak. 

Small-clothes,  n.  pi.     Breeches,  smalls. 

Small-pox,  n.     Variola. 

Small-talk,  «.     Gossip,  chat,  light  conversation. 

Smart,  «.  Pungent  or  sharp  pain,  lancinating 
pain. 

Smart,  v  n.     I.    Feel  sharp  pain. 
2.   Suffer,  be  punished. 

Smart,  «.  I.  Sharp,  stinging,  keen,  severe, 
poignant,  pungent,  prickine,  painful 

2.  Vigorous,  forcible,  effective,  energetic,  effi- 
cient. 


3.  Vigorous,    sharp,    severe,     lively,    active, 
quick. 

4.  Brisk,  fresh,  smacking. 

5.  Lively,     brisk,     vivacious,    witty,     ready, 
sprightly,  spirited,  brilliant. 

6.  Expert,  dexterous,  clever,  quick,  active,  in- 
telligent, stirring. 

7.  Witty,  acute,  apt,  pertinent. 

8.  Spruce,  trim,  fine,  showy,  pretentious. 

9.  Agile,  nimble,  quick,  alert,  active. 
Smartness,   «.       I.   Sharpness,    keenness,    poig- 
nancy, pungency,  acuteness,  severity. 

2.  Vigor,  force,  energy,  quickness. 

3.  Liveliness,   briskness,    vivacity,    wittiness, 
readiness,  sprightliness. 

4.  Expertness,    dexterity,    cleverness,    quick- 
ness, activity,  intelligence,  alertness. 

5.  Wit,    wittiness,  acuteness,   aptness,   perti- 
nency. 

6.  Spruceness,  trimness. 

7.  Agility,     nimbleness,    quickness,    activity, 
spryness. 

Smiart-weed,  «.    Water-pepper,  arse-smart  (Poly- 

gantim  hydropiper). 
Smash,  v.  a.     Crush,  mash,  dash  to  pieces,  break 

in  pieces. 
Smash,  n.     I.   Ruin,  destruction. 

2.    Failure,  bankruptcy. 
Smatter,  «.     See  Smattering. 
Smatterer,  «.     Ignoramus,  novice,  sciolist. 
Smattering,  n.     Smatter,  sciolism,   slight  knowU 

edge,   superficial   knowledge,    imperfect    knowl- 
edge. 
Smear,  v.  a.     I.  Daub,  bedaub,  besmear,  plaster, 

begrime. 
2.   Contaminate,  soil,   stain,  pollute,  tarnish, 

sully. 
Smear,  «.     Daub,  stain,  blot,  blotch,  patch,  spot. 
Smeary,  a.     Adhesive,  viscous,  viscid,  glutinous, 

dauby,  sticky. 
Smell,  V  a.     Scent,  get  scent  of. 
Smell,  V.  n.     Have  an  odor,  have  a  scent. 
Smell,  «.     Scent,  odor,  perfume,  fragrance,  aroma. 
Smell  a  rat.     (Colloq.)    Get  an  inkling,  have  a 

strong  suspicion. 
Smelling-salts,   «.  pi.      Sal-volatile,    carbonate 

of  ammonia,  sesqui-carbonate  of  ammonia. 
Smell  out.     Discover,  find  out. 
Smelt,  V.  a.     Fuse  (as  ore),  melt. 
Smew,   n.     (Ornith.)    White-nun,  vare-widgeon, 

smee  (Mergus  albellus). 
Smift,  n.     Fuse. 

Smirk,  n.    Affected  smile,  sofl  look,  smickering. 
Smirk,  v.  n.     Smile  (affectedly),  simper. 
Smite,  V.  a.     I.   Strike,  beat,  box,  cuff,  buffet 

2.  Kill,  slay,  destroy. 

3.  Afflict,  chasten,  punish. 

4.  Blast,  destroy. 

Smite,  V.  n.     Strike,  collide,  knock. 
Smith,  «.     Metal-worker 
Smith,  V.  a.     Forge,  beat  into  shape. 
Smithery,  M.     I.   See  Smithy. 

2.    Smithing,  smith's  work. 
Smithing,  n.     Smithery,  smith's  work. 
Smithy,     n.     Smithery,     stithy,    smith's    shop, 

forge. 
Smitten,  f.     I.    Struck,  smit 

2.  Killed,  slain,  destroyed. 

3.  Afflicted,  chastened,  punished. 

4.  Charmed,  captivated,  fascinated,  delighted, 
pleased,  attracted,  taken,  enamoured. 

Smock,  n.     I.   Chemise,  shift,  slip. 

2.    Blouse,  gabardine,  smock-frock. 
Smock-frock,  «.     Smock,  blouse. 
Smoke,  n      I,    Sooty  vapor. 

2.   Reek,  steam,  exhalation,  efl^uvium,  fume, 
mist,  vapor. 


SMOKE 


m 


SNIP 


3.  Vanity,  emptiness,  idle  talk,  mere  phrases, 
failure,  vapor,  nothingness. 
Smoke,  v.  a.     I.     Fumigate,  expose  to  smoke. 

2.  Draw  into  the  mouth  and  puff  out  smoke 
from  (as  tobacco  in  a  pipe  or  a  cigar). 

3.  Smell  out,  find  out,  discover. 
Smoke,  v.  n.     I.    Emit  smoke. 

2.  Reek,  steam,  exhale,  emit  vapor. 

3.  Burn,  be  kindled,  rage,  fume,  wax  hot. 

4.  Smoke  tobacco. 

5.  Suffer,  be  punished,  smart. 
Smoke-tree,  n.    Venetian  sumach,  Venus  {Rhus 

cotinus). 
Smoky,  a.     I.  Of  the  nature  of  smoke. 

2.  Fumy,  fuliginous,  fumid. 

3.  Filled  with  smoke. 

4.  Sooty,  begrimed,  blackened,  tanned,  reeky, 
black,  dark. 

Smooth,  a.     I,    Even,  level,  flat,  plain,  polished. 

2.  Sleek,  glossy,  polished,  soft,  plane. 

3.  Unruffled,  undisturbed. 

4.  Easy,  voluble,  fluent,  even,  ready. 

5.  Bland,  mild,  soothing,  insinuating,  soft, 
suave,  oily,  flattering,  adulatory,  courtier-like, 
fair-spoken,  smooth-spoken,  smooth-tongued,  de- 
ceptive. 

6.  Pleasant,  agreeable. 

Smooth,  V.  a.     I.   Level,  flatten,  make  smooth. 

2.  Ease,  make  easy. 

3.  Palliate,  soften,  extenuate,  varnish,  plaster. 

4.  Calm,  allay,  assuage,  molhfy,  mitigate,  al- 
leviate. 

5.  Regulate,  ease. 

Smooth-faced,  a.     Beardless,  smooth-chinned. 
SmootMng-iron,  «.     Flat-iron,  sad-iron. 
Smoothly,  ad.     I.    Evenly. 

2.  Readily,  easily,  unobstructedly. 

3.  Blandly,  softly,  gently,  mildly,  soothingly, 
pleasantly,  flatteringly. 

4.  Mildly,  innocently. 

Smooth-spoken,  a.     See  Smooth-tongued. 

Smooth-tongued,  a.  Plausible,  flattering,  cozen- 
ing, adulatory,  smooth,  smooth-spoken,  fair- 
spoken. 

Smother,  v.  a.     I.    Stifle,  suffocate,  choke. 

2.   Suppress,  repress,  conceal,  stifle,  extinguish, 
hide,  keep  back,  keep  down. 
Smother,  v.  n.     I.    Smoulder. 

2.  Be  stifled,  suffocate. 

3.  Be  suppressed,  be  concealed. 

Smndge,  v.  a.     Smear,  besmear,  stain,  blacken, 

spot,  smutch,  soil. 
Smug,  a.     Nice,  spruce,  trim,  neat. 
Smuggler,  «.     Contrabandist. 
Smut,  n.     I.   Dirt. 

2.  Blight,  blemish,  spot,  smutch,  smudge. 

3.  Obscenity,  ribaldry,  smuttiness,  uastiness, 
obscene  language. 

4.  Mildew,  blight,  dust-brand,  burnt  corn. 
Smut,  z'- a.     I.   Soil,   tarnish,   sully,   taint,   stain, 

blacken,  smouch,  smudge. 

2.    Mildew,  mould,  decay,  blight. 
Smutty,  a.     I.   Dirty,  foul,  soiled,  stained,  nasty. 
2.   Obscene,   ribald,  indecent,    indelicate,  im- 
modest, gross,  coarse,  loose,  impure,  nasty. 
Snack,  «.     I.    Share,  snip. 

2.   Luncheon,  slight  meal,  hasty  repast. 
Snag,  n.     I.   Knot,  knarl,  knob,   projection,  jag, 
protuberance,  snub. 

2.  Tooth  {in  contempt). 

3.  Swaying  trunk  or  branch  of  a  tree  {fixed at 
one  end  in  a  river). 

Snail, «.    I.  Slug. 

2.  Drone,  idler,  sluggard,  laggard,  slug. 

3.  Snail-clover,  snail-trefoil  {Medicago  scutel- 
lata). 

Snail-shell, ».    Helix. 


Snake,  «.     Serpent. 
Snake-bird,  «.    Darter. 

Snake-head,     )  «.     Shell-flower,  turtle-head,  bal- 
Snake's-head,  j      mony  {Chelone  glabra). 
Snake  in  the  grass.     Secret  enemy,  treacherous 
person. 

Snake-stone, «.    Ammonite. 

Snakish,  a.     See  Snaky. 

Snaky,  a.     I.    Serpentine,  winding,  snakish. 

2.   Sly,  cunning,  artful,  deceitful,  insinuating, 
subtle. 
Snap,  V.  a.     I.   Break  short,  break  short  oE 

2.  Bite,  seize,  catch  at,  snatch  at,  snip. 

3.  Crack  {as  a  whip). 

4.  Twang. 

Snap,  V.  n.     I.    Break  short. 

2.  Crackle,  decrepitate,  crepitate. 

3.  Snarl. 

Snap,  n.     I.    Bite,  catch,  seizure. 

2.  Clasp,  fastening,  catch,  small  lock. 

3.  Crack  {as  of  a  whip),  smack. 

4.  Interval,  spell,  season. 

5.  Gingerbread,  gingercake,  gingernut. 
Snap-dragon,  «.     Flap-dragon. 

Snappish,  a.  Touchy,  testy,  crabbed,  cross,  crusty, 
irascible,  waspish,  petulant,  perverse,  froward, 
pettish,  snarling,  growling,  peevish,  captious, 
churlish,  splenetic,  censorious,  acrimonious,  ill- 
tempered,  surly,  tart. 

Snare,  n  Gin,  noose,  net,  trap,  springe,  toil, 
catch,  wile. 

Snare,  v.  a.     Entrap,  entangle,  catch,  ensnare. 

Snarl,  v.  «.     Growl,  gnarl,  grumble,  murmur. 

Snarl,   y.  a.     I.    Entangle,  complicate,  knot,  in- 
volve in  knots- 
2.    Entangle,  embarrass,  confuse,  ensnare. 

Snarly  n.     I.    Entanglement,  tangle,  complication. 
2.    Intricacy,     complication,     embarrassment, 
difficulty. 

Snarling,  a.     See  Snappish. 

Snatch,  v.  a.  Grasp,  clutch,  gripe,  wring,  wrest, 
twitch,  pluck,  seize  suddenly,  pull,  catch,  snip. 

Snatch,  «.     I.    Bit,  fragment,  portion,  small  part. 
2.   Catch,  short  effort. 

Snath,  n.     Snead,  sneath,  sneethe,  sued,  sneed. 

Snead, «.    See  Snath. 

Sneak,  v.n.     I.   Skulk,  lurk,  slink,  steal. 
2.   Crouch,  truckle. 

Sneak,  «.     Shirk,  lurker,  mean  fellow. 

Sneaking,  a.  I.  Servile,  slavish,  cringing,  ob- 
sequious, fawning,  grovelling,  truckling,  crouch- 
ing, mean,  low,  base,  abject,  vile,  beggarly, 
time-serving. 

2.   Secret,  underhand,  clandestine,  concealed, 
hidden,  covert,  sly 

Sneer,  v.  n.  Scoff,  gibe,  jeer,  flout,  mock,  fleer, 
rail,  turn  up  the  nose. 

Sneer,  «.     Scoff,  jeer,  gibe,  fling. 

Sneer  at.  Deride,  ridicule,  scorn,  disdain,  scout, 
scoff,  spurn,  despise,  contemn,  mock,  look  down 
upon,  laugh  at,  rail  at,  turn  up  the  nose  at 

Sneezing,  «.     Sternutation. 

Snicker,  v.  «.  Laugh  {under  restraint)  titteri 
snigger,  giggle. 

Sniff,  V.  n.     Snuff. 

Sniff,  V.  a.     I.   Snuff,   inhale,   breathe,  breathe 
in. 
2.   Snuff,  smell,  scent. 

Sniff,  n.     Snuff. 

Snifting-valve,  «.     Blow-valve,  tail-valve. 

Snigger,  v.  n.     See  Snicker. 

Snip,  V.  a.     I.  Clip,  cutj  nip,  nip  o£f. 
2.   Snap,  snatch. 

Snip,  «.     I.   Clip,  cut. 

2.  Piece,  shred,  fragment,  bit 

3.  Share,  snack. 

4.  Tailor,  snipper. 


SNIPE 


S91 


SOFT 


SnipCt  «•    Fool,  blockhead,  simpleton,  dolt,  dunce, 
.  dullard,  sot. 

Snipe-fish,  «.  Trumpet-fish,  bellows-fish  {Cen- 
triscus  scolopax). 

Snivel,  «.    Snot. 

Snivel,  v.  n.  Cry  (<m  a  child),  blubber,  whimper, 
weep,  fret,  whine. 

Snivelly,  di     I.  Snotty. 
2.    Whining,  pitiful. 

Snol),  n.  Upstart,  mushroom,  pretender  to  gen- 
tility, pretentious  fellow,  parvenu. 

Snobbisn,  a.  Vulgar,  ostentatious,  pretentious, 
assuming. 

Snook,  n.  Greenbone,  gar-fish,  gar-pike,  snacot, 
sea-pike,  sea-needle,  long-nose,  gore-bill,  sword- 
fish,  mackerel-guide  {£sox  belone  or  Belone  vul- 
garis). 

Snooze,  v.  n.  {CoUoq.)  Slumber,  drowse,  sleep, 
nap,  doze. 

Snot,  n.     Snivel. 

Snotty,  a.     Snivelly. 

Snout,  n.     I,   Nose  (o/a  beast),  muzzle. 
2.    Nozzle. 

Snow-ball,  )  «.      Guelder-rose,    eelder-rose 

Snow-ball-tree,  l      {  Viburnum  opulus). 

Snow-goose,  n.    Whitebrant  {A  nser  hyperboreus). 

Snowy,  a.     I.    Snow-like. 

2.  Abounding  with  snow. 

3.  White,  pure,  spotless,  unblemished,  im- 
maculate, unsullied,  unstained. 

Snnb,  V.  a.  I.  Nip,  clip,  dock,  prune,  cut  short, 
cut  down,  check,  stunt. 

2.  Check  (wZ/A  a  tart  remark),  stop,  repri- 
mand, reprove,  rebuke,  chide. 

3.  Abash  (as  a  pretentious  Person),  slight, 
humble,  humiliate,  shame,  mortify,  confound, 
disconcert,  discomfit,  put  down,  take  down,  make 
ashamed,  take  down  a  peg,  teach  one  one's  dis- 
tance. 

Snub,  M.     I.   Knot,  protuberance,  snag,  ]%g,  nub. 

2.  Check,  rebuke,  slight. 

3.  Snub-nose. 

Snnff ,  n.     I.   Sniff,  inhalation  [by  the  nose). 

2.    Resentment,  huff,  offence. 
Snuff,  V.  a.    I.   Inhale,  breathe,  sniff,  breathe  in. 

2.  Smell,  scent. 
Snuff,  V.  n.     I.    Snort  {as  a  horse). 

2.  Sniff. 

3.  Take  offence. 
Snuffle,  V.  n.     Sniffle. 

Snuff  out.  Extinguish,  annihilate,  obliterate,  ef- 
face, destroy. 

Snug,  V.  n.     Snuggle,  lie  close,  nestle. 

Snug,  a.     I.   Close,  concealed. 

2.  Comfortable,  convenient,  compact,  neat, 
trim. 

Snuggle,  V.  H.  Nestle,  cuddle,  snug,  lie  snug,  lie 
close. 

Snugly,  ad.     Closely,  comfortably,  safely. 

So,  ad.  I.  Thus,  in  like  manner,  for  a  like 
reason,  with  equal  reason,  in  the  way  that. 

2.  To  such  a  degree,  in  such  a  manner. 

3.  Likewise,  in  the  same  manner,  in  such  a 
manner,  in  this  way. 

4.  Such,  in  the  same  state  or  condition,  as  it 
is,  as  it  was. 

5.  Therefore,  for  this  reason,  on  this  account. 

6.  Thus  it  is,  so  it  is. 

7.  Be  it  so,  thus  be  it,  it  is  well,  so  let  it  be, 
it  is  good,  it  is  all  right,  well. 

8.  Extremely,  very,  in  a  high  degree. 

So,  conj.     Provided  that,  on  condition  that,  in  case 

that. 
So,  interj.     Stand  still,  stop,  halt,  that  will  do. 
Soak,  V.  a.     I.   Steep,  macerate,  imbrue. 

2.  Drench,  wet,  saturate. 

3.  Penetrate,  work  through. 


4.  Imbibe,  absorb. 
Soak,  V.  H.     Steep,  be  soaked. 
Soaker,  «.   (Coltog.)  lippler,  toper,  hard  dHnker. 
Soaking,  a.     I.    Steeping,  macerating. 

2.  Imbibing,  drinking. 

3.  Wetting,  drenching,  saturating. 

Soaky,    a.     Soggy,     steeped,     socky,     saturated, 

moist,  wet. 
Soapstone,  n.     I.   Steatite,  pot-stone- 

2.   Saponite. 
Soar,  V.  n.    Tower,  mount,  rise,  ascend,  fly  aloft. 
Sob,  V.  n.     Weep,  cry,  sigh  convulsively. 
Sober,  a.     I.    Unintoxicated. 

2.  Temperate,  abstemious,  abstinent. 

3.  Sane,  sound,  reasonable,  rational. 

4.  Calm,  moderate,  cool,  composed,  regular, 
unruffled,  uniinpassioned,  dispassionate,  steady, 
rational,  collected,  well-regulated,  temperate, 
reasonable. 

5.  Grave,  solemn,  serious,  sedate,  demure, 
staid,  quiet,  sombre. 

6.  Quiet,  dull-looking,  sad,  dark,  sombre. 
Soberly,  ad.     I.   Temperately,  moderately. 

2.  Coolly,  calmly,  dispassionately. 

3.  Gravely,  seriously,  solemnly. 
Soberness,  «.     See  Sobriety. 

Sobriety,  n.  I.  Temperance,  abstemiousness, 
abstinence,  soberness. 

2.  Calmness,  coolness,  sedateness,  soberness, 
thoughtfulness,  gravity,  sober-mindedness,  staid- 
ness. 

3.  Seriousness,  gravity,  solemnity,  sedateness. 
Sobriquet,  «•    [Fr.]    Nickname,  by-name,  fanciful 

appellation. 
Sociability,  n.     Sociableness,  companionableness, 

sociality,  good-fellowship. 
Sociable,     a.     Companionable,     social,     friendly, 

familiar,  neighborly,  conversable,  communicative, 

accessible,  affable,  genial. 
Sociableness,  n.    See  Sociability. 
Social,  a.     I.   Civil,  civic. 

2.  Companionable,  sociable,  conversable, 
communicative,  friendly,  familiar,  affable,  genial, 
neighborly. 

3.  Convivial,  festive. 

Socialism,  «.  Communism,  Fourieri'sm,  phalan- 
sterism,  Saint-Simonianism,  humanitarianism. 

Socialist,  ».     Fourierite,  communist. 

Sociality,  n.     Socialness. 

Society,  «.  I.  Association,  fellowship,  company, 
social  sympathy,  companionship,  converse. 

2.  Participation,  connection,  association. 

3.  Association,  union,  partnership,  copartner- 
ship, club,  fellowship,  company,  sodality,  frater- 
nity, brotherhood,  corporation,  body. 

4.  The  community,  the  public,  the  world. 
Sociology,  n.     Social  science,  political  science. 
Socius  criminis.     [L.]    Accomphce,  confederate, 

accessary,  abettor,  associate,  particeps  criminis. 
Sod,  «.     Turf,  sward. 
Soda,  n.     Protoxide  of  sodium. 
Sodality,    n.     Fraternity,    brotherhood,    society, 

fellowship. 
Sodden,  a.     I.   Boiled,  decocted,  stewed,  seethed. 
2.   Soaked,  steeped,  drenched,  thoroughly  wet 
{so  as  to  be  soft),  saturated- 
Sodomy,    «.     Buggery,    unnatural    carnal    inter- 
course. 
Sofa,  n.     Couch,  seat  to  recline  on. 

V^-\  ^"'""'. 

Soft,  a,     I.    Impressible,  yielding. 

2.  Plastic,  pliable,  easily  moulded,  malleable. 

3.  Smooth,  delicate,  fine. 

4.  Compliant,  submissive,  irresolute,  facile, 
flexible,  impressible,  weak,  undecided. 

5.  Mild,  gentle,  bland,  kind,  lenient,  tender. 


SOFT 


392 


SOLITARY 


6.  Tender,  timid,  timorous,  fearful,  shy. 

7.  Civil,  complaisant,  courteous,  polite,  pol- 
ished. 

8.  Delicate,  tender. 

9.  Gentle,  steady,  even,  smooth-going,  easy, 
quiet. 

10.  Gentle,  easy,  quiet,  undisturbed. 

11.  Effeminate,  unmanly,  nice,  luxurious. 

12.  Simple,  silly,  foolish,  weak. 

13.  Quiet,  delicate. 

14.  Mellifluous,  dulcet,  clear,  flowing,  smooth, 
gentle,  melodious,  pleasing 

Soft,  ad.     Gently,  quietly,  softly. 
Soft,  interj.     Hold,  stop,  not  so  fast. 
Soften,  V.  a.    I.   Intenerate,  melt,   touch,  make 
tender,  make  soft. 

2.  Assuage,  appease,  mitigate,  balm,  moderate, 
alleviate,  soothe,  mollify,  quiet,  calm,  still,  quell, 
allay,  relieve,  ease,  abate,  temper,  quality,  attem- 
per, dull,  lessen,  blunt,  make  easy. 

3.  Palliate,  lessen,  qualify,  modify,  varnish, 
extenuate. 

4.  Enervate,  weaken,  make  effeminate. 

5.  Refine,  beautify. 

6.  Mollify,  intenerate. 

7.  Qualify,  modify. 

Soften,  V.  n.     I.   Grow  soft,  become  soft 

2.  Relent. 

3.  Grow  gentle. 

4.  Melt,  blend. 

Soi-disant,  a.  [Fr.]  Pretended,  would-be,  self- 
styled,  self-dubbed. 

Soil,  V.  a.  Foul,  dirty,  stain,  pollute,  sully,  tar- 
nish, defile,  taint,  contaminate,  daub,  bedaub,  be- 
grime, besmear,  bespatter,  malce  foul,  bemire. 

Soil,  «.     I.    Dirt,  filth,  foulness,  foul  matter. 

2.  Stain,  blot,  spot,  tarnish,  defilement,  taint, 
blemish. 

3.  Mould,  loam,  earth,  ground. 

4.  Land,  country. 

Soiree,  «.     [Fr.J     Evening  party. 

SojOTirn,  V.  n.  Abide  {temporarily),  stay,  tarry, 
lodge,  rest,  remain,  live,  dwell,  reside,  stop,  take 
up  one's  quarters,  put  up,  take  lodgings,  have 
lodgings. 

Sojourn,  «.     Stay,  temporary  abode,  residence. 

Solace,  n.  Comfort,  consolation,  relief,  allevia- 
tion. 

Solace,  V.  a.  I.  Cheer,  comfort,  soothe,  console. 
2.   Allay,  assuage,  soften,  mitigate,  relieve. 

Solan-goose,  «.     Gannet  {Sula  barsanus). 

Solar  spectrum.     Prismatic  spectrum. 

Soldier,  «.  I.  Warrior,  fighting  man,  man  at 
arms. 

2.  Private,  common  soldier. 

3.  White  ant,  termite. 
Soldier-crab,  n.     Hermit-crab. 

iSdierly^^'  1 ""  ^*  ^^'^^'^«'  marshal,  military. 
2.  Valiant,  brave,  gallant,  intrepid,  cour- 
ageous, heroic,  honorable. 

Soldiery,  «.  ^  Soldiers,  the  military,  the  army, 
body  of  soldiers. 

Sole,^  a.  Single,  only,  individual,  unique,  alone, 
solitary,  one. 

Solecism,  n.     I.   Impropriety  {in  the  use  of  lan- 

Cuage\     error,    mistake,    blunder,    incongruity, 
arbarism. 

2.    Impropriety,  absurdity,  breach  of  form. 
Solecistic,      I  a.     Incorrect,      incongruous,      im- 
Solecistical,  )      proper,   unfit. 
Solemn,  a.     I.   Formal,  ritual,  ceremonial. 

2.  Sacred,  religious,  devout,  reverential,  de- 
YOtional. 

3.  Serious,  grave,  sober,  important. 

4.  Awful,  august,  venerable,  imposing,  grand, 
Stately,  majestic,  awe-inspiring,  impressive. 


5.    Earnest,  serious,  impressive. 
Solemnity,   «.    I.    Rite  {religious),    ceremonial, 
observance,  ceremony,  celebration,  office. 

2.  Awfulness,  sacredness,  sanctity. 

3.  Seriousness,  gravity,  impressiveness. 
Solemnization,  ».     Celebration. 

Solemnize,  v.  a.  Celebrate  {with  solemn  cere- 
monies), commemorate,  observe,  do  honor  to, 
honor,  keep. 

Solemnly,  ad.  I.  Reverently,  devoutly,  reli- 
giously. 

2.  Seriously,  gravely,  soberly. 

3.  Ceremoniously,  formally,  regularly. 
Solicit,  z'.  a.     I.   h^^V  {earnestly),  ■t&K\\x&%\.{urgent- 

ly),  entreat,  beg,  pray,  implore, crave,  importune, 
beseech,  supplicate,  petition,  conjure,  press,  urge, 
appeal  to. 

2.  Invite,  summon,  awake  to  action,  excite, 
awaken,  arouse. 

3.  Disturb,  disquiet,  make  anxious. 

4.  Seek,  endeavor  to  obtain. 
Solicitant,  «.     I.    Solicitor,  petitioner,  asker. 

2.   Aspirant,  candidate. 
Solicitation,   «.     I.   Entreaty,   importunity,   sup- 
plication, imploration,  appeal,  petition^  address, 
msistence,  urgency,  suit,  request,  asking. 

2.    Invitation,  summons,  bidding,  call,  excite- 
ment. 
Solicitor,  «.     I.    Asker,  petitioner,  solicitant. 

2.    Attorney,  law  agent. 
Solicitous,  a.     Anxious,  careful,  concerned,  appre- 
hensive,   troubled,    uneasy,  jealous,   eager,  dis- 
turbed, restless. 
Solicitude,    «.     Anxiety,    care,  carefulness,  con- 
cern, trouble,  perplexity. 
Solid,  a.     I.    Hard,  firm,  compact,  impenetrable. 

2.  Dense,  compact. 

3.  Cubic. 

4.  Strong,  substantial,  stable,  sound,  stout, 
firm,  compact. 

5.  Real,  true,  valid,  just,  weighty,  firm,  strong, 
substantial. 

6.  Grave,  profound,  important,  sound. 

7.  Wealthy,  rich,  well-established,  reliable, 
trustworthy,  sound,   safe. 

Solidarity,  «.  Consolidation  {of  interests  and  re- 
sponsibilities), community  {in  whatever  befalls), 
close  fellowship,  joint  interest,  mutual  responsi- 
bility, communion  of  interests. 

Solidify,  v.  a.  Consolidate,  compact,  make  solid, 
harden. 

Solidify,  V.  ft.  Become  solid,  become  compact, 
harden. 

Solidity,  «.  I.  Hardness,  firmness,  solidness, 
density,  compactness,  consistency. 

2.  Density,  compactness,  fulness. 

3.  Strength,  stability,  massiveness. 

4.  Reality,  truth,  weight,  validity,  justice,  grav- 
ity, importance,  firmness,  soundness,  strength, 
certainty,  certitude. 

5.  {Geom.)  Volume,  solid  contents,  cubic 
contents. 

Solidly,   ad.       I.   Firmly,     densely,     compactly, 
strongly. 
2.    Firmly,  truly,  thoroughly. 
SoUdness,  «.     See  Solidity. 
Solidungfulate, «.    Soliped. 

Soliloquy, «.     Monologue. 

Soliped,  n.     Solidungulate. 

Solitaire,  «.     [Fr.]     Hermit.     See  Solitary. 

Solitariness,  «.      I.   Retirement,  seclusion,  pri- 
vacy. 
2.    Loneliness,  solitude. 

Solitary,  a.  I.  Lone,  lonely,  alone,  unaccompa- 
nied, companionless. 

2.  Isolated,  secluded,  unfrequented,  retired, 
deserted,  remote,  lonely,  desert. 


SOLITARY 


3S3 


SOPRANO 


3.  Dismal,  gloomy,  desolate,  cheerless,  lone- 
some, lonely,  still j  separate. 

4.  Single,  sole,  individual. 

Solitary)  «•    Hermit,  eremite,  anchorite,  anchoret, 

recluse,  solitarian,  solitaire. 
Solitude,   n.     I.    Loneliness,  isolation,  seclusion, 

solitariness,  retiredness,  recluseness,  retirement, 

privacy,    lonely  state,  lonely    life,   estrangement 

from  the  world. 

2.  Isolation,  seclusion,  remoteness. 

3.  Desert,   wilderness,    waste,    lonely    place, 
deserted  region. 

Solubility,  «.     Solvability. 

Solution,  n.  I.  Disruption,  breach,  disjunction, 
disconnection,  discontinuance. 

2.  Explanation,  explication,  resolution,  disen- 
tanglement, elucidation. 

3.  Liquefaction,  dissolution,  melting. 

4.  Dissolution^  disunion- 

5.  Disintegration,  separation,  resolution. 
Solvability,  n.     Solubility. 

Solvable,  a.     Resolvable,  solvible. 

Solve,  V.  a.  Explain,  unfold,  expound,  disen- 
tangle, interpret,  elucidate,  clear,  make  plain, 
resolve,  clear  up. 

Solvent,  n.     Menstrum. 

iSSStiSa,!-     Corporeal,  bodily. 

Somatist,  n.     Materialist. 

Somatotomy,  n.     Anatomy. 

Sombre,  a.  I.  Shady,  dusky,  cloudy,  murky, 
dark,  dull,  darksome,  rayless,  sunless,  unil- 
luminated,  obscure,  dismal,  sombrous,  gloomy. 
2.  Melancholy,  sad,  mournful,  doleful,  lugu- 
brious, funereal,  dull,  dismal,  grave. 

Sombrous,  a.     See  Sombre. 

Some,  a.  I.  More  or  less,  a  certain  quantity  of, 
a  certain  number  of. 

2.  One  {indefinitely),  a,  an,  any,  a  certain. 

3.  About,  near. 

4.  Several,  a  considerable  number. 

5.  Some  people,  some  persons,  certain. 

6.  A  part,  a  portion. 

7.  A  little,  moderate. 

Somebody,  n.     I.   One,  some  person,  some  one. 

2.    Something,  a  person  of  consequence. 
Somehow,  ad.     In  some  way,  somehow  or  other. 
Somersault,  n.     Somerset. 
Somerset,  n.     [Written  also  Stttnmersault,  Som- 

fnerset,  and  Suntmenet.]     Somersault. 
Something:,  «.     I.   A  thing  {indefinitely). 

2.  A  part,  a  portion. 

3.  Somebody,  a  person  of  consequence. 

4.  A  thing,  matter,  affair,  event. 
Something,  ad.     See  Somewhat. 
Sometime,  ad.     I.   Once,  formerly. 

2.    Now  and  then,  at  one  time  or  other,  some- 
times. 

Sometime,  a.     Former,  late,  whilom. 

Sometimes,  ad.     I.   At  times,   at   intervals,  now 
and  then. 
2.   Once,  formerly,  at  a  past  period. 

Somewhat,  ad.  Something,  in  some  degree,  more 
or  less,  rather,  a  little. 

Somewhat,  n.     I.   Something. 
2.    A  little,  more  or  less,  a  part. 

Somewhere,  ad.  In  some  place,  in  one  place  or 
another. 

Somewhither,  ad.  To  some  place,  to  one  place 
or  another. 

Somnambulism,  n.  Sleep-walking,  somnambula- 
tion. 

Somnambulist,  n.  Sleep-walker,  night-walker, 
noctambulist,  somnambulator,  somnambule. 

Somniferous,  a.  Soporific,  soporiferous,  slumber- 
ous, somnific,  narcotic,  opiate. 

Somnific,  a.    See  Somniferous. 


Somnolence,  ».  Sleepiness,  drowsiness,  doziness, 
somnolency. 

Somnolency,  «.     See  Somnolence, 

Somnolent,  a.     Sleepy,  drowsy,  dozy. 

Song,  «.  I.  Ballad,  ditty,  canticle,  carol,  canzo- 
net, sonnet,  lay. 

2.  Descant,  melody,  lay. 

3.  Lay,  strain,  poem,  hymn,  psalm,  anthem. 

4.  Poetry,  poesy,  verse,  numbers. 

5.  Trifle,  small  sum. 

Song-thrush,  «.  Mavis,  throstle  {Turdus must- 
cus). 

Sonnet,  «.     I.   Poem  {of  fourteen  lines). 
2.    Ballad,  song,  ditty. 

Sonneteer,  n,  Suuneiist,  sonnet-writer,  small 
poet. 

Son  of  man.  Son  of  God,  the  Saviour,  Jesus 
Christ,  Immanuel,  the  Holy  One,  the  Anointed, 
the  Mediator,  Shlloh,  the  Lamb  of  God,  the 
Messiah,  the  Redeemer,  the  Intercessor,  the 
Advocate,  the  Judge,  the  Word,  the  Prince  of 
Peace,  the  Good  Shepherd,  the  VVay,  the  Truth, 
the  Life,  the  Bread  of  Life,  the  Light  of  the 
World,  the  Lord. 

Sonorous,  a.     I.   Sounding,  resonant,  resounding, 
ringing. 
2.    High-sounding,  loud. 

Sonship,  n.     Filiation 

Soon,  ad.  I.  Shortly,  presently,  before  long, 
pretty  soon,  by  and  by,  in  a  short  time. 

2.  Early,  at  so  early  an  hour,  betimes,  quick, 
promptly. 

3.  Easily,  quickly,  shortly. 

4.  Lief,  willingly,  readily,  gladly 
Soot,  n.     Crock,  black  dust. 
Sootflake,  n.     Smut,  smudge,  smutch. 
Sooth,  n.     Truth,  reality. 

Soothe,  V.  a.     I.   Cajole,  humor,  flatter. 

2.  Assuage,  calm,  quiet,  appease,  tranquillize, 
compose,  pacify,  sober,  still,  lull,  mollify,  soften, 
balm. 

3.  Moderate,  alleviate,  palliate,  lessen,  allay, 
repress,  check,  temper,  soften,  deaden,  qualify, 
relieve,  ease,  dull,  blunt. 

4.  Delight,  gratify,  please,  charm. 
Soothsayer,  «.    Seer,  foreteller,  predictor,  prophet, 

diviner,  vaticinator,  sorcerer,  necromancer,  augur. 

Sooty,  a.  Dark,  dusky,  murky,  fuliginous,  black, 
sable. 

Sophism,  n.  Fallacy,  paralogism,  paralogy,  quib- 
ble, fallacious  argument,  specious  argument 

Sophist,  n.  Quibbler,  captious  reasoner,  falla- 
cious reasoner,  artful  logician. 

Sophistical,  a.  Fallacious,  illogical,  quibbling, 
unsound. 

Sophisticate,  v.  a.     I.    Pervert,  corrupt,  vitiate, 
damage. 
2.   Adulterate,  debase,  render  spurious. 

Sophisticate,  a.  Adulterated,  spurious,  counter- 
feit, debased,  vitiated,  perverted,  corrupted, 
sophisticated. 

Sophistication,  n.  I.  Adulteration,  corruption, 
vitiation. 

2.  Quibbling. 

3.  Quibble,  fallacious  argument,  sophism. 
Sophistry,  n.     Paralogy,  paralogism,  fallacy,  shift, 

cavil,  chicane,  trick,  quibble,  fetch,  stratagem, 
false  logic,  fallacious  reasoning,  mconclusive  rea- 
soning;, reasoning  in  a  circle. 

Soporiferous,  a.-    See  Soporific. 

Soporific,  a.  Somniferous,  somnific,  slumberous, 
soporiferous,  narcotic,  hypnotic,  opiate,  sopo- 
rous. 

Soporific,   ». 
opiate. 

Soppy,  a.     Sopped,  soaked,  saturated,  drenched. 

Soprano,  ».    (JHus.)    Treble,  descant,  discant. 


Narcotic,    hypnotic,    anaesthetic. 


SORB 


394 


SOUR 


Sorb-tree  1  **'     Service-tree  {Sorbus  domesiica). 

Sorcerer,  «.  Magician,  conjurer,  juggler,  en- 
chanter, necromancer,  charmer,  wizard,  exorcist, 
diviner,  seer,  soothsayer. 

Sorcery,  «.  Divination  (dy  evil  spirits),  magic, 
enchantment,  witchcraft,  necromancy,  charm, 
spell,  the  black  art. 

Sordes,  n.     Excretions,  dregs,  refuse,  dirt. 

Sordid,  a.     I.    Mean,  base,  vile,  low,  degraded. 
2.    Covetous,   avaricious,  stingy,  miserly,  nig- 
gardly,   close,   illiberal,   ungenerous,   penurious, 
close-fisted. 

Sore,  «.  I.  Ulcer,  fester,  abscess,  imposthume, 
gathering,  boil,  pustule. 

2.    Pam,  trouble,  grief,  affliction,  sorrow. 

Sore,  a,  I,  Painful  (from  inflamtnatioti),  ten- 
der, irritated. 

2.  Pained,  hurt,  grieved,  tender,  galled,  ag- 
grieved, vexed,  irritable. 

3.  Violent,  severe,  sharp,  afflictive,  distress- 
ing. 

Sore,  ad     I.    Intensely,  severely,  grievously. 

2.  Deeply,  violently,  greatly,  profoundly. 

3.  Sorely,  sadly,  grievously,  greatly,  severely. 
Sorely,  ad.    Grievously,  severely,  violently,  greatly. 
Sorghum,  «.     Chinese  sugar-cane,  broom-corn. 
Sororal,  a.     Sisterly. 

Sorrily,  ad.  Meanly,  pitiably,  despicably,  poorly, 
wretchedly. 

Sorrow,  «.     I.    Grief,  sadness,  affliction,  mourn- 
ing, trouble. 
2.    Regret,  vexation,  chagrin. 

Sorrow,  v.  «.  Grieve,  mourn,  be  sad,  weep, 
lament,  bemoan,  bewail. 

Sorrowful,  a.  I.  Grieved,  afflicted,  in  sorrow,  in 
mourning,  sad,  depressed,  dejected. 

2.  Sad,  mournful,  grievous,  lamentable,  dis- 
tressing, painful,  melancholy,  baleful. 

3.  Dismal,  disconsolate,  drear,  dreary,  rueful, 
woful,  doleful,  melancholy,  sorry,  piteous,  lugu- 
brious. 

Sorry,  a.     I.   Grieved,  afflicted,  pained,  sorrowful. 

2.  Vexed,  chagrined,  mortified,  pained,  hurt, 
dejected. 

3.  Mean,  vile,  base,  poor,  miserable,  wretched, 
pitiful,  abject,  beggarly,  rascally,  contemptible, 
despicable,  shabby,  bad,  low,  paltry,  worthless. 

4.  Mournful,  dismal,  sad,  painful,  melancholy. 
Sort,  «.     I.    Species,  kind. 

2.  Kind,  species,  description,  class,  denomina- 
tion, character,  nature,  order,  race,  rank. 

3.  Manner,  way. 

4.  Degree,  manner. 

Sort,  V.  a.  I.  Distribute  (into  sorts),  assort, 
class,  classify,  arrange. 

2.  Order,  reduce  to  order,  arrange. 

3.  Conjoin,  join,  put  together. 

4.  Select,  choose,  elect,  pick  out. 

Sort,  V.  n.     I.   Associate,  consort,  fraternize. 

2.  Suit,  fit,  accord,  be  in  harmony  with,  agree 
with,  be  adapted  to. 

3.  Issue,  fall  out,  terminate. 

4.  Agree. 

Sortie,  «.    Sally. 

So-so,  a.  Indifferent,  mediocre,  tolerable,  mid- 
dling, passable,  ordinary. 

So-so,  ad.  Indifferently,  middlingly,  passably, 
moderately,  tolerably. 

Sot,  n.  I.  Blockhead,  dolt,  dullard,  dunce,  sim- 
pleton, fool,  snipe,  malt-horse. 

2.  Toper,  tippler,  drunkard,  wine-bibber,  dram- 
drinker. 

So  that.     In  order  that,  to  the  end  that. 

So  then.     Therefore,  the  consequence  is. 

Sottish,  a.  I.  Dull,  stupidj  senseless,  doltish, 
foolish,  simple. 


2.   Stupid  (from  intemperance),  dull,  doltish, 
foolish,  senseless,  insensate,  besotted,  infatuate,, 
tipsy. 
SottO  voce.      [It.]      Softly,  in  a  low  voice,  in  an 

under-tone,  in  a  low  tone,  with  bated  breath. 
Sough,  n.     I.    Sigh,  murmur,  murmuring  sound. 

2.   Waft,  breath,  gentle  breeze. 
Soul,  n      I.    Mind,  spirit,  mner  man. 

2.  Life,  vital  principle,  animating  principle, 
seat  of  life,  source  of  action. 

3.  Essence,  principal  part,  essential  part,  best 
part,  chief  part,  vital  principle,  spirit. 

4.  Leader,  inspirer. 

5.  Individual,  person,  man,  human  being. 

6.  Disembodied  spirit,  spirit. 

7.  Ardor,  fire,  fervor,  courage,  energy,  force, 
spirit. 

8.  Active  power,  energy. 
Soulless,  a.     I.   Lifeless,  dead. 

2.    Mean,  base,  vile,  low,  spiritless. 
Sound,  <z.     !•  Whole,  entire,  unbroken,  uninjured, 
unhurt,  unmutilated,  unimpaired 

2.  Healthy,  hearty,  hale,  hardy,  vigorous. 

3.  Perfect,  undecayed,  good. 

4.  Honest,  honorable,  blameless,  virtuous, 
loyal. 

5.  Firm,  strong,  stable. 

6.  Sane,  well-lsalanced,  perfect. 

7.  Correct,  true,  valid,  solid,  weighty,  reason- 
able, rational,  sensible,  judicious,  strong,  whole- 
some. 

8.  Legal,  valid. 

9.  Established,  fixed,  well-grounded 

10.  Profound,  unbroken,  undisturbed,  fast, 
deep. 

11.  Heavy,  lusty,  forcible,  severe. 

12.  Orthodox,  right,  correct,  well-founded. 
Sound,  ad.     Soundly,  profoundly,  heartily. 
Sound,  n.     I.   Strait,  narrows,  channel. 

2.  Air-bladder  iofafisK). 

3.  Noise,  report. 

4.  Noise,  empty  noise. 

5.  Cuttle-fish,  ink-fish  (Sepia  officinalis). 
Sound,  V.  n.     I.   Resound,  make  a  noisei  give  out 

a  sound. 

2.  Appear  by  the  sound,  seem. 

3.  Try  the  depth  (of  water) 
Sound,  V.  a.     I.   Cause  to  sound,  play  on. 

2.  Utter,  express  audibly,  pronounce. 

3.  Celebrate  (by  sounds),  publish,  proclaim, 
spread  abroad. 

4.  Measure,  fathom,  try  the  depth  of,  test, 
gauge. 

5.  Examine,  test,  try,  search,  probe. 
Sounding,  a.     I.    Sonorous. 

2.    Imposing,  significant. 
Soundless,  a.     I.    Silent,  noiseless,  dumb. 

2.    Unfathomable,  bottomless,  very  deep,  very 
profound,  abysmal. 
Soundly,  ad.     I.  Thoroughly,  satisfactorily,  well. 

2.  Healthily,  heartily. 

3.  Severely,  lustily,  smartly,  stoutly. 

4.  Truly,  correctly,  rightly. 

5.  Firmly,  strongly. 

6.  Fast,  deeply,  profoundly. 

Sotindness,  «.      I.    Wholeness,  entireness,  integ- 
rity, entirety. 

2.  Healthiness,  vigor. 

3.  Saneness,  sanity. 

4.  Correctness,  truth,  rectitude,  validity,  ortho- 
doxy. 

5.  Firmness,  strength,  solidity,  validity,  truth. 
Soup,  n.     Broth. 

Soupcon,  n.    Taste,  tincture,  smack. 
Sour,^  a.      I.   Acid,  tart,  pricked,  sharp,  acetous, 
acetose. 
2.  Cross,  crabbed,  morose,  acrimonious, currish, 


SOUR 


895 


SPATHIC  IRON 


surly,  testy,  touchy,  cantankerous,  crusty,  fretful, 
peevish,  petulant,  pettish,  snappish,  waspish, 
snarling,  cynical,  froward,  uncivil,  rude,  rough, 
harsh,  ill-tempered,  ill-natured,  austere. 

3.  Bitter,  unpleasant,  disagreeable. 

4.  Gloomy,  sad,  dismal,  morose,  discontented, 
austere. 

5.  Rancid,  musty,  spoiled,  bad,  coagulated, 
turned,  curdled,  loppered. 

SotU*,  V.  a.     I.    Make  acid,  turn  sour. 

2.    Imbitter,  make  unpleasant 
Sonr,  V.  n     Turn  sour,  become  acid. 
Source,  n.     I.  Origin,  spring,  fountain,  head,  rise, 
beginning,  fountain-head.  well. 

2.  Cause,  original. 

3.  Originator. 

Sour-gourd,  «.     (Bot.)     Baobab,  monkey-bread, 

lalo-plant  (Adattsonia  dtgitata). 
Sour-gum,  «.     Tupelo,  pepperidge  {Nyssa  vil- 

losa) 
Sourish,  a.     Acidulous. 
Sourness,  n.     I.   Acidity,  tartness,  sharpness. 

2.   Acrimony,  asperity,  moroseness,  harshness, 

crabbedness,   churlishness,   peevishness,   discon- 
tent, crossness. 
Souse,  V  a,     I.    Pickle. 

2.    Plunge,  dip,  immerse,  submerge,  douse,  put 

under  water  (or  other  liquid). 
South,  a.     Southern,  southerly. 
South,  ad.     Southward,  toward  the  south. 
Southerly,  a.     Southern,  south. 
Southern,  a      I.   Meridional. 

2.    Southerly,  south. 
Southerner,  «      Southron,  southern. 
Southron,  «•     Southerner,  southern. 
Souvenir,  «•      [Fr.]     Remembrancer,  memento, 

keepsake. 
Sovereign,  a.     I.  Supreme,  regal,  royal,  imperial, 

monarchical,  princely. 

2.  Chief,  predominant,  principal,  supreme, 
paramount,  excellent,  commanding,  monarch, 
utmost,  highest. 

3.  Efficacious,  effectual. 

Sovereign,  n.      I.    Monarch,  autocrat,  supreme 
ruler. 
2.  King,  emperor,  prince,  lord,  potentate,  ruler. 
Sovereignty,  «.      I.   Dominion,  supremacy,  em- 
pire,   supreme    power,  supreme    rule,    absolute 
authority,  chief  sway. 
2.   Supremacy,  supreme  excellence. 
Sow,  n.     Hog  {female^  P'g.  swine 
Sow,  V.  a.     I.    Scatter,  strew,  spread. 

2.  Disseminate,  disperse,  propagate,  spread 
abroad. 

3.  Plant,  put  seed  in. 

4.  Besprinkle,  scatter  over. 

Sow,  V.  n.     Plant,  scatter  seed,  put  in  seed- 
Sowens,  «. //.     [Scotch.]     [Written  a\so  Sowins. 

Sewing's,  and  Sowans.]     Porridge  {made  of  tht 

dust  of  oatmeal),  flummery. 
Sl>a,  n.     Mineral  spring. 
Space,  n     I.   Extension,  extent 

2.  Capacity,  room. 

3.  Distance,  interval. 

4.  Duration. 

5.  [Rare.)    While,  short  time. 

Spacious,  a.     I.   Wide,  extended,  extensive,  vast. 

2.  Roomy,  broad,  ample,  capacious,  wide, 
large. 

Span,  n,     I.   Nine  inches,  eighth  of  a  fathom. 
2-    Brief  period,  spell. 

3.  Pair,  team,  yoke  of  animals. 

Span,  V.  a      Compass,  measure,  cross,  overlay. 
Spanish-bayonet,    «.      Yucca,    Adam's    needle, 

bear-grass. 
Spanish-fly.  «.      Blister-fly,  blister-beetle  {Can- 

tharii  vesicatoria). 


Spank,  V  a.     Strike  (with  the  open  hand),  slap. 
Span-new,  a.       Brand-new,  fire-new,  quite  new, 

spick-and-span  new. 
Spanworm,  n.      Geometer,  looper,  green  looper, 

canker-worm  (Anisopteryx). 
Spar,  V.  n     I.    Box. 

2.   Dispute,  wrangle,  quarrel,  bicker,  squabble, 

spat  icolloq,) 
Spar,  n      I.   Pole,  beam 

2.    Boxing-ma'ch. 
Spare,  v.  a.     I.    Reserve,  save,  lay  by,  lay  aside, 

set  apart,  set  aside. 

2.  Dispense  with,  do  without,  part  with. 

3.  Withhold,  omit,  forbear,  refrain  from. 

4.  Withhold  from,  keep  from. 

5.  Give,  grant,  afford,  allow,  give  up. 

6.  Preserve  {from  anything  dreaded),  save. 

7.  Save,  withhold,  gain,  reserve. 

Spare,  v.  n.  I.  Be  frugal,  be  parsimonious,  econ- 
omize, pincl). 

2.  Forbear,  refrain,  be  scrupulous. 

3.  Be  lenient,  be  merciful,  be  tender,  forgive. 
Spare,  a.     I.   Scanty,  sparing,  frugal,  stinted. 

2.  Parsimonious,  chary,  sparing. 

3.  Lean,  meagre,  thin,  poor,  lank,  gaunt, 
skinny,  scraggy,  raw-boned,  emaciated. 

4.  Superfluous,  supernumerary. 

ijS?&l    Leistire,  time  to  spare. 
Sparing,  a.     I.    Scarity,  little,  scarce 

2.  Spare,  abstemious,  meagre,  scanty. 

3.  Frugal,  saving,  chary,  parsimonious,  eco- 
nomical. 

4.  Merciful,  compassionate,  forgiving,  lenient. 
Sparingly,  ad.     I.    Frugally,  parsimoniously. 

2.  Abstinently,  moderately,  temperately. 

3.  Seldom,  infrequently,  rarely. 

4.  Cautiously,  tenderly. 

Spark,  n.  I.  Sparkle,  scintillation,  particle  of 
fire,  scintilla. 

2.  Germ,  element,  active  principle,  seed,  be- 
ginning. 

3.  Gallant,  beau,  lover. 

4.  Buck,  beau,  dashing  fellow,  dandy. 
Sparkish,  a.     I.   Gay,  airy. 

2.   Showy,  well-dressed,  fine,  smart. 
Sparkle,   v.    «.     I.    Shine    {with   intermissions), 
glitter,  glisten,  glister,  twinkle,  scintillate,  corus- 
cate, flash,  radiate,  gleam. 
2.    Effervesce,  bubble,  foam,  froth. 
Sparkle,  »■     I.    Spark,  scintillation. 

2.    Luminosity,  lustre 
Sparkling,  a.    I.  Glittering,  glistening,  twinkling, 
flashing,  brilliant. 

2.  Bubbling,  foaming,  effervescing,  frothing, 
mantling. 

3.  Lively,  glowing,  brilliant,  spirited,  piquant, 
vigorous,  forcible,  strong,  nervous,  racy,  impas- 
sioned. 

Sparry  iron.  Spathic  iron,  carbonate  of  iron, 
spathose  iron,  siderite. 

Sparse,  a.    Scattered,  spread  here  and  there,  thin. 

Spartan,  a.  Brave,  courageous,  hardy,  undaunted, 
daring,  intrepid,  dauntless,  fearless,  bold,  valiant, 
valorous,  doughty,  chivalric,  heroic,  lion-hearted. 

Spasm,  n.     I.  Twitch,  sudden  contraction  {as  of 
the  muscles) 
2.    Fit,  paroxysm,  throe. 

Spasmodic,  «.     I.    Convulsive,  spasmodical. 
2.    Convulsive,  fitful,  violent  and  short-lived. 

Spasmodic  cholera.  Asiatic  cholera,  cholera  as- 
phyxia. 

Spat,  V.  n  Dispute,  wrangle,  quarrel,  spar, 
bicker,  jangle,  squabble,  have  words,  have  an 
altercation. 

Spathic,  a.     Foliated,  lamellar,  spathose,  sparry. 

Spathic  iron.     See  Sparry  iron. 


SPATTER 


896 


SPELLING 


Spatter,  v.  a.    I.  Sprinkle,  besprinkle,  bespatter, 

splash,  plash. 
2.  Asperse,  defame,  traduce,  calumniate,  vilify, 

soil. 
Spatter,  v.  n.     Sputter,  spit. 
Spatterdashes,  ».  //.     Gaiters,  leggings. 
Spaw,  n.     See  Spa. 
Spawl,  V.  n      Spit,  sputter. 
Spawl,  n.     Spit,  spittle,  saliva. 
Spawn,  «.     I.    Eggs  '^offish  or  offrogs\  hard  roe. 

2.  Product,  offspring,  fruit. 

3.  (Bot.)     Mycelium,  filaments  {from  which 
fungi  originate). 

Spawn,  z/.  a.     \_In contempt ■'\    Generate,  produce, 

bring  forth. 
Spawn,  V.  n.     [/ft  contempt. '\     Issue. 
Speak,  V.  n.     I.     Articulate,  enunciate,  talk  with 

articulate  sounds. 

2.  Talk,   dispute,   argue,  converse,  say,   dis- 
course. 

3.  Plead,   spout,   hold  forth,  make  a  speech, 
discourse,  harangue,  declaim - 

4.  Treat,  make  mention,  discourse,  tell. 

5.  Sound,  resound,  give  sound. 

Speak,  V.  a.  I.  Utter,  express,  deliver,  pro- 
nounce, articulate. 

2.  Tell,  say,  declare,  announce. 

3.  Announce,   make   known,   spread    abroad, 
proclaim,  declare,  celebrate 

4.  Talk,  converse  iri. 

5.  Accost,  address,  greet. 

6.  Exhibit,  declare,  make  known. 

7.  Indicate,  express  by  signs,  communicate. 

8.  {Naut.)     Hail. 

Speaker,  «.  I.  Discourser,  orator,  spokesman, 
prolocutor. 

2.   Chairman,  presiding  officer. 
Speaking,  ».     I.   Talk,  discourse. 

2.  Elocution,  declamation,  oratory. 
Spear,  n.     I.    Lance,  javelin. 

2.   Shoot,  spire. 
Spear-hand, «.    Right  hand. 
Spear-shaped,  a.     Hastate,  hastated. 
Special,  a>     I.   Specific,  specifical. 

2.  Particular,  peculiar,  especial. 

3.  Extraordinary,  uncommon,  particular. 

4.  Specific,  especial. 

5.  Appropriate,  peculiar,  especial. 
Speciality,  «.     I.    Particularity. 

^  2.  Specialty,  object  of  special  attention,  par- 
ticular object  of  pursuit,  pet  subject. 

Specialty,  «.     See  Speciality. 

Specie,  n.  Coin,  cash,  metallic  money,  hard 
money,  stamped  money. 

Species,  «.  I.  Group  (subordinate  to  a  genus), 
class,  collection,  assemblage. 

2.  Kind,  sort,  description,  variety. 

3.  {Law.)     Form,  figure,  fashion,  shape. 
Specific,    a.  ^  I.    Peculiar,     particular,     especial, 

characteristic. 
2.   Definite,  precise,  specified,  limited. 

Specification,  «.     I.   Designation  (of  properties), 
characterization. 
2.    Particularization.  detailed  statement. 

Specify,  z/.  <x.  Designate,  particularize,  indicate, 
define,  individualize,  detail,  show  clearly,  name 
with  precision. 

Specillum, «.    Stylet. 

Specimen,  «.  Pattern,  sample,  model,  copy,  ex- 
ample 

Specious,  a.     I.   Obvious,  showy,  manifest,  open. 
2.    Fair  {apparently,  but  not  retilly),  plausible, 
colorable,  ostensible,  showy,  feasible. 

Speck,  n.     I.    Stain,  spot,  flaw,  blemish,  blot. 

2.  Bit,  mite,  mote,  atom,  particle,  corpuscle, 
scintilla,  small  thing 

3.  Blubber. 


Speck,  V.  a.     Spot,  stain  {in  spots),  dot. 

Spectacle,  n.  I.  Show,  exhibition,  sight,  scene, 
representation,  display,  pageant,  parade,  gazing- 
siock. 

2.  Curiosity,  wonder,  marvel,  phenomenon, 
sight. 

Spectacles,  «  //.     Glasses. 

Spectator,  n.  Beholder,  observer,  bystander, 
looker-on,  on-looker,  witness. 

Spectral,  a.  Ghostly,  phantom-like,  ghost-like, 
shadowy. 

Spectre,  «.  Apparition,  ghost,  spirit,  shade, 
phantom,  shadow,  goblin,  hobgoblin. 

Spectrum,  «.     Image,  appearance,  representation. 

Speculate,  v.  n.     I.    Meditate,  contemplate,  cogi- 
tate, reflect,  ponder,  muse,  ruminate,  think,  con- 
sider, theorize. 
2-   Trade  (hazardously). 

Speculation,  «.  I.  Contemplation,  intellectual 
examination,  mental  view. 

2.  Theory,  scheme,  hypothesis,  supposition, 
conjecture,  view,  a  priori  reasoning,  reflection. 

Specillatist,  n.     Speculator,  theorizer,  theorist. 

Speculative,    a.     I.  Contemplative,    unpractical, 
Platonic,  philosophical,  speculatory. 
2.   Theoretical,  ideal,  imaginary. 

Speculator,  «.     Theorizer,  speculatist,  theorist. 

Speculum,  «.     [L.]     I.   Mirror,  looking-glass. 
2.   Reflector. 

Speech,  «.     I.   Articulate  utterance. 

2.  Language,  words. 

3.  Language,  tongue,  dialect. 

4.  Talk,  parlance,  verbal  intercourse,  oral 
communication,  conversation. 

5.  Observation,  remark,  talk   mention,  saying. 

6.  Oration,  discourse,  address,  harangue. 
Speechify,  v    «.     Harangue,  make  a  speech,  hold 

forth  (humorous  or  contemptuous). 
Speechless,  a.     I.    Mute,  dumb. 

2.   Silent,  dumb,  mute. 
Speed,  V.  n.     I.   Make  haste. 

2.  Succeed,  prosper,  thrive,  flourish. 

3.  Fare,  get  on. 

Speed,  V,  a.  I.  Despatch,  send  away  quickly, 
send  away  in  haste. 

2.  Hasten,  expedite,  accelerate,  hurry,  de- 
spatch, quicken,  urge  or  press  forward,  urge  or 
press  on. 

3.  Despatch,  execute,  carry  through. 

4.  Assist,  help,  aid,  help  forward,  hasten,  ad- 
vance. 

5.  Prosper,  favor,  make  successful. 

6.  Dismiss,  take  leave  of. 

7.  Despatch,  kill,  ruin,  destroy. 

Speed,  n.  I.  Haste,  hurry,  despatch,  celerity, 
swiftness,  fleetness,  velocity,  quickness,  rapidity, 
expedition,  acceleration. 

2.  Success,  prosperity,  good  fortune,  good 
luck,  favorable  issue,  event. 

3.  Impetuosity,  headlong  violence. 
Speedy,  a.     I.   Swift,  rapid,   quick,  fleet,  hasty, 

hurried,  flying,  nimble,  hurrying,  fast, 

2.  Quick,  prompt,  expeditious. 

3.  Near,  approaching,  early. 

Speight,  n.     [Written  also  Specht,  Spekt.]    Black 

woodpecker. 
Spell,  n.     I.    Charm,  incantation,  exorcism. 

2.  Turn  (at  work). 

3.  Season,  term,  period,  interval,  fit. 
Spell,  V.  a.     I.    Represent  by  letters. 

2.  Read,  interpret,  decipher,  unfold,  unriddle, 
unravel,  discover  by  characters  (often  with  out). 

3.  Fascinate,  charm,  bewitch. 
Spell-hound,  a.     Enchanted  charmed,  bewitched, 

fascinated,  under  a  spell,  under  magic  influence. 
Speller,  «.     Spelling-book. 
Spelling,  «.    Orthography. 


SPELLING-BOOK 


89T 


SPIRITUAL 


Spelllng-tXWk,  «.     Speller. 

spelter, «.    Zinc. 

Spence,  «.  Buttery,  larder,  pantry,  closet,  store- 
room. 

Spend,  V.  a.  I.  Expend,  disburse,  lay  out,  dis- 
pose of,  part  with. 

2.  Waste,  consume,  exhaust,  squander  dissi- 
pate, lavish,  use  up. 

3.  Employ,  devote,  bestow,  apply,  pass. 

4.  Waste,  wear  away,  exhaust  of  force 
Spend,  V.  n.     I.    Lay  out  money,  incur  expense. 

2.   Vanish,   be  lost,   be  consumed,   dissipate, 

spread. 
Spending,  «.     Expenditure. 
Spendtlirift,    «.     Prodigal,    squanderer,    waster, 

spender. 
Spent,  a.     Exhausted,  worn  out,  wearied. 
Sperm,  «      Semen,  seed. 
Spermacetl-wliale,    «.     Cachelot,     sperm-whale 

{Physeter  tnacrocephalus) 
Spermatic,  a.    Semmal. 
Sperm-wliale,  «.    See  Sphrmackti-whalb. 
Spew,    V.    a.     I.    Vomit,  puke,  cast  up,   throw 

up 
2.   Eject,  cast  forth 
Spew,  V-  n      Vomit,  puke. 
Sphacelate,  v.  n.     Mortify,  gangrene. 
Sphacelation,  ».     (Med.)    Mortification. 
Sphacelus,  «.     i^MedA    Gangrene,  mortification. 
Sphagnum,  «.     Bog-moss,  peat-moss. 

ipheS&,}-     (^'-'•)    Wedge-shaped 
Spheral,  a.     Symmetrical,  complete,  perfect. 
Sphere,  «.     I.   Globe,  ball,  orb. 

2.  Circuit,  circle,  compass,  province,  depart- 
ment, walk,  beat,  function,  vocation,  office,  em- 
ployment. 

3.  Rank,  standing,  order. 

4.  Region,  realm,  domain,  quarter,  country. 

5.  Socket,  orbit. 

Spherical, «.     I.     Globular,   orbicular,   globated, 
globous,  globose,  rotund,  round. 
2.   Planetary. 

Sphericity,  n  Rotundity,  roundness,  globosity, 
globularity. 

Since,  n.     I.   Flavoring,  flavor,  relish,  taste,  savor 
2.   Admixture,   spnnkling,  tincture,  dash,   in- 
fusion,  grain,   particle,    small  quantity,    smack, 
souf>(;on. 

Spice-bush,  «.    See  S  pick-wood. 

Spice-wood,  n.  Spice-bush,  Benjamin-tree,  fever- 
bush,  wild  allspice  {^Benzoin  odori/erum  or  Lau- 
rus  benzoin). 

SpiciferouS,  a.     Spicated,  eared,  spicose,  spicous. 

Spicily,  ad.     Pungently,  wittily. 

Spick-and-span  new.  Quite  new,  fire-new,  brand- 
new. 

Spicy,  a-     I-    Aromatic,  fragrant,  balmy,  racy. 
2.   Pungent,   sharp,    piquant,   pointed,    keen, 
racy. 

Spider's  web.     Cobweb. 

Spigot,  «.     Spile,  stopper,  stopple,  spill,  plug. 

Spike,  M.     I     Ear  (^^rrtzw),  head. 
2.    Large  nail  or  pin. 

Spile,  «.     I.   See  Spigot. 
2.    Pile. 

Spill,  V.  a.     Shed,  effuse,  pour  out. 

Spin,  V.  a.     I.   Twist  (into  thread). 

2.  Extend,  draw  out. 

3.  Protract,  spend,  lengthen,  prolong,  draw 
out. 

4.  Twirl,  whirl. 

Spina,  n      Thorn,  prickle,  spine. 
Spin  a  yam.     Tell  a  long  story. 
Spindle,  «.     (MecA.)     Axis,  shaft,  arbpr. 
Spindle-shaped,  a.     Fusiform. 
Spine,  «.     1.   Thorn. 


2.  Backbone,  spinal  column,  vertebral  col- 
umn. 

3.  Ridge. 

Spinet,  n.     Virginal,  clarichord. 

Spinner,  «.     Spider,  garden-spider. 

Spinney,  «.      [Written  also  Spmny.]     Thicket, 

grove,  shrubbery. 
Spinose,  a.     Thorny,  spiny,  spinous,  briery. 
Spinous,  a.     See  Spinosb. 
Spiny,  a.     I.   Thorny,  spinose,  spinous,  briery. 

2.  Slender. 

3.  Thorny,   difficult,   troublesome,  perplexed. 
Spiracle,  «.     Aperture  (especially  in  animal  and 

vegetable  bodies),  blowhole,  vent,  orifice,  pore. 

Spiral,  a.  Wmding  (like  the  thread  of  a  screw), 
cochieary,  ci>chleated,  spiry,  helical,  screw- 
shaped. 

Spiral,  n..     Helix,  worm. 

Spire,  n.     I.    Spiral,  curl,  twist,  wreath. 

2.  Steeple. 

3.  Shoot,  spear,  stalk,  blade. 

4.  Summit,  apex. 
Spirit,  n.     I.   Air,  breath. 

2.  Life. 

3.  Vital  essence  (apart  front  matter),  imma- 
terial substance. 

4.  Soul,  pure  intelligence,  inner  man. 

5.  Soul,  disembodied  soul. 

6.  Apparition,  ghost,  spectre,  shade,  phantom. 

7.  Demon,  genius,  sprite,  fairy,  elf,  angel. 

8.  Disposition,  temper,  humor,  mood,  spirits, 
frame  of  mind,  turn  of  mind. 

9.  Courage,  ardor,  fire,  energy,  force,  viva- 
city, cheerfulness,  enterprise,  vigor,  mettle,  earn- 
estness, enthusiasm,  zeal,  resolution,  elevation 
of  soul. 

10.  Liveliness,  animation,  piquancy,  warmth, 
glow,  vivacity,  cheerfulness,  enterprise. 

11.  Person  (as  distinguished  by  peculiar  qual' 
ities),  individual. 

12.  Meaning,  significance,  purport,  intent, 
drift,  gist,  tenor,  sense. 

13.  Nature,  character,  complexion,  character- 
istic quality,  essential  part,  essence,  quintes- 
sence. 

14.  Alcohol,  distilled  liquor 

15.  Liquor,  intoxicating  liquor. 

16.  [With  The  prefixed.]  Holy  Ghost,  Holy 
Spirit,  Paraclete,  Comforter,  the  Spirit  of  God. 

Spirit,  V.  a.     I.    Excite,  encourage,   animate,  in- 
spirit. 
2.   Kidnap,  carry  off  (secretly) 

Spirited,  a.  Animated,  lively,  vivacious,  spright- 
ly, ardent,  earnest,  active,  bold,  courageous,  alert, 
high-mettled,  high-spirited,  full  of  spirit,  full  of 
life. 

Spiritist,  n.     Spiritualist. 

Spiritless,  a.  I.  Lifeless,  breathless,  extinct, 
dead. 

2.  Dejected,  depressed,  discouraged,  dis- 
pirited, low-spirited. 

3.  Dull,  torpid,  sluggish,  cold,  apathetic, 
phlegmatic,  languid,  soulless,  feeble,  unenter- 
prising. 

4.  Heavy,  stupid,  dull,  frigid,  tame,  prosaic, 
prosv.  insipid,  uninteresting. 

Spirit  of  M3rrcia.     Bay-rum. 

Spirits,   n.   pi.      I.    Disposition,   temper,    mood, 
humor,  spirit,  frame  of  mind,  turn  of  mind. 
2.   Distilled  liquors,  ardent  spirits. 

Spirit-stirring, o.  Inspiring,  animating,  enliven- 
ing, cheering,  exhilarating 

Spiritual, <x.  I.  Immaterial,  incorporeal,  ethereal, 
ghostly. 

2.  Mental,  intellectual,  moral,  ideal,  abstract 

3.  Holy,  divine,  pure,  sacred. 
4«  Ecclesiastical. 


SPIRITUALITY 


398 


SPORT 


Spirituality;  «•     I-   Immateriality. 

2     Religious  function  {as  of  the  Church). 

3.   Spiritual-mindedness. 
Spiritualize,  v.  a.     Purify,  elevate,  refine,   make 
spiritual. 

Spiritual-mindedness,  n.    Spirituality. 

Spirituous,  a      I.    Alcoholic,  ardent,  spiritous. 

2.  Ethereal,  immaterial,  intangible. 

3,  Pure,  active,  livuig. 
Spirituousness,  «.    Ardor,  heat,  activity,  life. 
Spirt,  V.  n.     Gush,  jet,  spout.     See  Spurt. 
Spirt,  V.  a.     Spout,  throw  out. 

Spiry,  a.     I.    Winding,   wreathed,  curled,   spiral, 
helical,  cochleary,  cochleated,  screw-shaped. 
2.  Pyramidal,  tapering. 

Spit,  V.  a.     I.    Pierce,  thrust  through. 
2.   Eject,  throw  out. 

Spit,  V.  n.     Spawl,  sputter. 

Spit,  n.     Spittle,  saliva,  spawl,  sputum. 

Spit-box,  n.    Spittoon. 

Spite,  «.  I.  Malice,  malevolence,  rancor,  venom, 
gall,  malignity,  maliciousness,  hate,  grudge, 
pique,  ill-nature,  ill-will,  hatred,  vindictiveness, 
spleen. 

2.  Defiance,  opposition,  despite,  contempt. 

3.  Trouble,  vexation,  chagrin,  mortification. 
Spite,   V.   a.      I.   Mortify,    thwart,    injure,    treat 

maliciously. 
2.   Offend,  annoy,  vex 
Spiteful,   a.      Malicious,   malignant,   malevolent, 

malign,     ill-disposed,     evil-minded,     ill-natured, 

hateful,  rancorous. 
Spittoon,  «.    Spit-box 
splash,  «.     I.   Water,  dirty  water. 

2.  Blot,  daub,  spot. 
Splash,  V.  n.     Plash,  dabble  in  water. 
Splash,  V.  a.     Dash,  spatter,  plash. 
Splay,  z'.  a.    {Arch.)    I.   Slope  (<w  the  side  of  a 

window),  slant. 
2.   Dislocate,  sprain. 
Splay,  a      Wide,   broad,   spreading  out,  turned 

out. 
Spleen,  n.     I.   (Anat.)    Milt. 

2.  Anger,  spite,  animosity,  gall,  rancor,  pique, 
malevolence,  malignity,  grudge,  hatred,  malice, 
ill-humor,  peevishness,  irascibility,  chagrin. 

3.  Melancholy,  despondency,  hypochondria, 
dejection,  depression,  dumps,  megrims,  the  dis- 
mals, the  blues,  blue  devils,  vapors,  hypochon- 
driasis. 

Spleenless,  a.    Kind,  gentle,  mild,  benign. 

Spleeny,  «.  .  I-   Angry,   fretful,   peevish,   ill-tem- 
pered,    irritable,     spleenish,     spleenful,      sple- 
netic. 
2.   Melancholy,  hypochondriacal,  low-spirited. 

Splendid,  a  I.  Shining,  glowing,  resplendent, 
effulgent,  refulgent,  bright,  lustrous,  radiant, 
beaming,  brilliant. 

2.  Showy,  magnificent,  gorgeous,  sumptuous, 
pompous,  superb,  kingly,  dazzling,  imposing. 

3.  Illustrious,  conspicuous,  eminent,  distin- 
guished, pre-eminent,  remarkable,  famous,  cele- 
brated, glorious,  brilliant,  noble,  signal. 

4.  Grand,  heroic,  sublime,  lofty,  noble. 
Splendor,    n.       I.    Lustre,   brilliance,    brilliancy, 

brightness,  refulgence. 

2.  Magnificence,  pomp,  stateliness,  show, 
gorgeousness,  pompousness,  display,  parade, 
showiness,  grandeur,  Sclat. 

3.  Eminence,  celebrity,  fame,  glory,  brilliancy, 
grandeur,  renown. 

4.  Grandeur,  sublimity,  loftiness,  nobleness. 
Splenetic,  a.     I.    irascible,  irritable,  fretful,  peev- 
ish,   touchy,  testy,    pettish,    waspish,    petulant, 
choleric,  snappish,  cross. 

2.  Morose,  sullen,  sulky,  churlish,  sour, 
crabbed. 


3.  Melancholy,  despondent,  moping,  gloomy, 
melancholic,  hypochondriacal,  jaundiced. 

Splice,  V.  a.  Braid  together  [as  the  ends  ofropes)^ 
join  together. 

SpUnter,  v.  a.     I.   Split  {into  thin  pieces),  shiver, 
rend. 
2.    Splinter. 

Splinter,  v.  «.     Be  split  [into  thin  pieces),  shiver. 

Splinters,  «.  //.     Flinders,  fragments. 

Split,  V.  a      I.    Cleave,  rive. 

2.  Burst,  rend,  splinter. 

3.  Divide,  sunder,  separate,  part. 

Split,  V.  n.  I.  Burst,  be  riven,  be  rent,  be  split, 
splinter. 

2.  Be  broken,  be  dashed  to  pieces. 

3.  Separate,  divide,  break. 

4.  Ache,  throb. 

Split,  n.     I.   Crack,  fissure,  rent. 

2.   Division,  separation,  breach. 
SpUt  hairs.      Ratine,  be  over-nice,  affect  nicety, 

make  useless  distinctions. 
Splotch,  «      Spot,  stain,  smear,  daub,  blot. 
Splutter,  n.     (Colioq.)     Bustle,  stir. 
Splutter,    V.   n.      (Colloq.)     Stammer     {through 

haste),  sputter,  stutter. 
Splutterer,  «.     {Colloq.)    Stammerer,  sputterer. 
Spoil,  V.  a.    I.  Plunder,  rob,  despoil,  fleece,  strip, 

ravage,  waste. 

2.  Injure,  harm,  disfigure,  mar,  damage,  ruin, 
destroy. 

3.  Steal,  take,  seize  by  violence. 

4.  Corrupt,  vitiate,  mar,  ruin. 
Spoil,  V.  n.     1.    Steal,  pilfer,  rob. 

2.   Decay,  be  corrupted. 
Spoil,  «.     I.    Booty,  pillage,  plunder,  prey. 

2.  Prize,  booty,  gain. 

3.  Robbery,  waste,  pillage,  rapine,  spoliation. 

4.  Slough,  cast  skin,  tegument. 

5.  Corruption,  ruin,  destruction. 
Spoiler,  «.     I.   Plunderer,  robber,  pillager. 

2.   Destroyer,  corrupter. 

Spoken,  a.  Oral,  parole,  nuncupative,  nuncupa- 
tory. 

Spokesman,  «.     Speaker,  prolocutor. 

Spoliate,  v.  a.  Rob,  plunder,  spoil,  despoil,  de- 
stroy, pillage. 

Spoliation,  «.  I.  Robbery,  destruction,  depriva- 
tion, despoliation. 

2.   Robbery,   pillage,  plundering,  rapine,   de- 
vastation, destruction. 

Sponge,  V.  a.     I.   Wipe  {with  a  sponge),  cleanse. 

2.  Efface,  obliterate,  wipe  out,  expunge,  rub 
out. 

3.  Drain,  squeeze,  plunder. 
Sponger,  «.     Parasite,  hanger-on. 
Spongy,  a.     I.    Porous,  spongeous. 

2.  Wet,  rainy,  showery. 

3.  Drenched,  saturated,  soaked,  wet. 

4.  Bibulous,  absorbent. 
Sponsor,  n.     I.    Surety. 

2.   Godfather  or  godmother. 

Spontaneity,  «•    Spontaneousness. 

Spontaneous,  a.  Voluntary,  instinctive,  uncom- 
pelled,  unbidden,  unconstrained,  willing,  gratui- 
tous, free,  impulsive,  self-moving,  self-acting, 
self-existent. 

Spontaneousness,  n.     Spontaneity. 

Sporadic,  a.     Scattered,  separate,  single. 

Sport,  n.  I.  Play,  diversion,  amusement,  pas- 
time, game,  fun,  frolic,  gambol,  prank,  recrea- 
tion, gayety,  entertainment,  merriment,  mirth, 
jollity,  joviality,  pleasantry,  merry-making. 

2.  Amusement,  entertainment,  diversion. 

3.  Recreation. 

4.  Jest,  joke. 

5.  Mockery,    derision,     mock,   ridicule,    con- 
temptuous mirth,  jeer. 


SPORT 


899 


SPUR 


6.  Toy,  plaything. 

7.  Play,  idle  jingle. 

8.  Monstrosity,  lusus  naturce. 

9.  Wantonness,  looseness,  amorous  dallying. 
Sport*   V.    n.      I.    Play,    frolic,    disport,    wanton, 

skip,    frisk,     romp,     caper,    make    fun,    make 
merry. 
2.  Trifle. 

Sport,  V.  a.  {Colloq.)  Exhibit,  display,  make  a 
show  of. 

Sportive,  a.  I.  Gay,  frolicsome,  playful,  lively, 
merry,  gamesome,  sprightly,  frisky,  tricksy,  rol- 
licking, hilarious,  wanton,  buxom,  prankish,  full 
of  play,  full  of  fun. 

2.  Jocose,  jocular,  waggish,  humorous,  comic, 
ludicrous,  frolicsome,  playful,  gamesome,  face- 
tious, funny,  merry,  vivacious,  lively,  sprightly, 
jocund,  mirthful. 

Spot,  «.     I.   Speck,  blot,  mark,  speckle. 

2.  Blemish,  stain,  taint,  flaw. 

3.  Disgrace,  reproach,  fault,  blemish,  flaw. 

4.  Place,  locality,  site. 

Spot,  V.  a.     I.   Make  spots  on,  dapple,  variegate. 

2.  Stain,  sully,  soil,  tarnish,  blemish. 

3.  Disgrace,  stain,  sully,  soil,  tarnish,  blemish. 

4.  {Cant  term  )  Mark,  take  special  note  of, 
note. 

Spotless,  a.     I.   Unspotted,  undefaced,  perfect. 
2.    Immaculate,  unstained,  untainted,  unblem- 
ished, untarnished,  blameless,  stainless,  innocent, 
pure,  irreproachable. 

Spotted,  a.  Speckled,  bespeckled,  bespotted, 
dotted,  freckled,  spotty,  maculated. 

Spotted  fever.     Typhus  fever. 

Spotty,  a.    See  Spotted. 

Spousal,  a.  Matrimonial,  conjugal,  connubial, 
hymeneal,  bridal,  marital,  nuptial,  wedded. 

Sponsals,  u.  pi.  Nuptials,  espousals,  marriage, 
wedding. 

Spouse,  n.  Husband  or  wife,  married  person,  con- 
sort, mate,  partner,  companion. 

Spouseless,  a.     Unmarried,  unmated,  unmatched. 

Spout,  n.     I.   Ajutage,  tube,  conduit. 

2.  Nozzle,  nose. 

3.  Waterspout. 

Spent,  V.  a.     I.    Spirt,  pour  out  {through  a  nar- 
row orifice),  squirt. 
2.   Utter  {pompously),  mouth,  declaim,  speak. 
Spout,  V.  n.     I.    Gush,  issue,  spirt 

2.   {Colloq.)     Declaim,  rant,  make  a  speech, 
hold  forth,  speechify. 
SpOUter,  n.     Declaimer. 
Sprain,  v.  a.     Strain  (as  a  joint),  twist,  wrench, 

overstrain. 
Spray,  «.     I.  Twig,  shoot,  sprig,  branch,  bough. 

2.    Foam,  froth,  spume 
Spread,  v.  a.     I.  Extend,  expand,  mantle,  stretch, 
dilate. 

2.  Disperse,  scatter,  distribute. 

3.  Publish,  divulge,  propagate,  disseminate, 
circulate,  promulgate,  make  known,  make  public, 
spread  abroad. 

4.  Propagate,  spread,  disseminate. 

5.  Emit,  diffuse,  scatter. 

6.  Prepare,  make  ready,  furnish,  cover,  set 
with  food. 

7.  Unfold,  unfurl,  open. 

8.  Cover,  overspread,  extend  over. 
Spread,  v.  n.     I.    Extend,  be  expanded. 

2.  Be  dispersed,  be  scattered. 

3.  Circulate,  be  circulated,  be  spread  abroad. 
Spread,  ».     I.    Extent,  reach,  compass 

2.  Extension,  expansion. 

3.  Dissemination,  circulation,  propagation. 

4.  Cover,  cloth. 

Spree,  «.  (Colloq.)  I.  Carousal,  revel,  revelry, 
revelling,  ]olhiication ,  bacchanals,  saturnalia,  de- 


bauch,   compotation,   wassail,    orgies,   carouse, 
cups,  drinking-bout. 
2.    Row,  riot,  disturbance,  shindy. 

Sprig,  n.     I.   Twig,  shoot,  spray. 
2.   Youth,  lad. 

Spright,  «.     I.   Apparition,  ghost,  spectre,  phan- 
tom, spirit,  shade. 
2.    Spirit,  courage. 

Sprightllness,  n.  Liveliness,  life,  briskness, 
vivacity,  animation,  alertness,  cheerfulness,  gay- 
ety,  frolicsomeness,  vigot,  activity. 

Sprightly,  a.  Lively,  mercurial,  animated,  vigor- 
ous, vivacious,  buoyant,  brisk,  blithe,  blithe- 
some, gay,  airy,  cheerful,  joyous,  frolicsome, 
buxom,  debonair,  pleasant. 

Spring,  V.  n.     I.   Leap,  bound,  jump,  vault,  hop. 

2.  Rise,  start,  come  forth. 

3.  Arise,  proceed,  issue,  put  forth,  shoot  forth, 
make  its  appearance,  emerge. 

4.  Originate,  emanate,  flow,  take  its  source, 
have  its  origin,  issue,  arise. 

5.  Rebound,  fly  back,  recoil. 

6.  Warp,  bend,  become  warped. 

7.  Grow,  thrive,  wax. 

8.  Issue  with  speed,  move  with  activity. 
Spring,  ».      I.    Leap,  bound,  jump,  vault,  salta- 
tion, hop. 

2.  Elasticity,  resiliency,  springiness,  elastic 
force. 

3.  Fountain,  well,  fountain-head,  fount,  spring- 
head. 

4.  Source,  original,  origin,  principle,  cause. 

5.  Vernal  season,  spring-tide,  spring-time. 

Spring  a  leak.    Begin  to  leak. 

Springe,  «•     Snare,  §in,  noose,  net,  toil,  trap. 

Spring-halt, «.    Stnng-halt. 

Springiness,  n.     I.   Elasticity,  resilience,  spring. 

2.   Wetness,  sponginess. 
Springy,  a.     Elastic,  resilient,  rebounding. 
Sprinkle,  v.  a.     I.    Scatter,  strew. 

2.  Bedew,  besprinkle,  scatter. 

3.  Wash,  cleanse,  purify. 
Sprinkle,  v.  n.     Ram  {moderately). 
Sprinkler,  «.     Watering-pot,  spnnkle. 
Sprinkling,  «.     Affusion. 

Sprite,  n.  Fairy,  fay,  pixy,  elf,  spirit,  ghost, 
spectre,  apparition,  shade,  phantom,  goblin, 
hobgoblin. 

Sprout,  V.   n.      I.     Shoot,   germinate,   vegetate, 

Eush,   grow,   pullulate,   put    forth,    shoot    forth, 
urst  forth,  bourgeon. 
2.   Ramify,  shoot  into  branches. 
Sprout,  M.     I.   Acrospire,  plumule. 
2.   Shoot,  ratoon,  young  branch. 
Sprouts,  «.  //•     Young  coieworts. 
Spruce,  a.      Neat  {without  elegance),  trim,  nice, 
trig,  fine,  finical,  smart,  jaunty,  natty,  foppish, 
dandyish,  tidy,  smug 
Spruce,  V.  n.     Prink,  dress  finically. 
Spruce,  V.  a.     Trim,  deck,  dress. 
Spry,  a.     {Colloq.)    Active,  lively,  brisk,  nimble, 
supple,   agile,   sprightly,   quick,  smart,   prompt, 
alert,  stirring,  ready,  dapper. 
Spume,  «.     Foam,  froth,  spray,  scum. 
Spumescence,  n.     P>othiness,  foaminess. 
Spumous,  a.     See  Spumy. 
Spumy,  a.     Foamy,  frothy,  spumous. 
Sptink,  «.     I.   Touchwood. 

2.    Punk,  amadou,  agaric,  German  tinder. 
Spur,  n.     I.   Goad,  prick,  point,  rowel. 

2.  Incitement,  stimulus,  incentive,  impulse, 
inducement,  instigation,  provocation,  motive,  fil- 
lip, whip,  goad. 

3.  Snag,  point,  knot,  pnarl,  knob,  projection. 

4.  Ergot,  horn-seed,  spurred  rye. 

5.  Branch,  subordinate  ranee  [of  mountains). 
Spur,  V.  a.     I.   Prick  {with  the  spur). 


SPUR 


400 


STABLE 


2.     Stimulate,    incite,    rouse,    arouse,    goad, 
induce,   instigate,    impel,    urge    forward,    drive, 
animate. 
Spur,  V.  ft.     Prick,  gallop,  hasten,  press  forward, 

press  on. 
Spurious,  a.     I.    Illegitimate,  bastard. 

2.  Counterfeit,  supposititious,  meretricious, 
deceitful,  sham,  false,  mock,  pretended,  feigned, 
clap-trap,  fictitious,  unauthentic,  make-believe, 
adulterate,  bogus,  pinchbeck,  brummagem. 
Spurn,  V.  a.  I.  Kick)  drive  back,  drive  away. 
2.  Contemn,  scorn,  scout,  despise,  disdain, 
make  light  of,  look  down  upon,  hold  in  con- 
tempt. 

Spurred  rye.    Ergot,  spur. 

Spurt,  «.     I.    Jet,  sudden  gushing. 
2.   Sudden  effort,  short  exigency. 

Spurt,  V.  ft.  [Written  also  Spirt.'\  Gush,  spring 
out,  stream  out  suddenly,  jet,  well,  spout. 

Sputation,  ».  Spitting,  expuition,  act  of  spit- 
ting. 

Sputter^  V.  ft.    I.  Spit,  spawl. 
2.   Splutter,  stammer. 

Spntterer,  «.     Stammerer,  splutterer. 

Spy,  ft.  Scout,  emissary  (in  disguise)^  secret 
agent. 

Spy,  V.  a.     I.   See,  behold,  discern,  espy,  detect. 

2.  Discover,  search  out,  detect. 

3,  Explore,  view,  inspect  or  examine  secretly, 
discover  by  artifice. 

Spy,  V.  ft.     Scrutinize,  search  narrowly. 

Spy-glass,  «.     Small  telescope 

SQUab,  a.      I.    Fat,  plump,  stout,  dumpy,  squab- 
bish,  squabby,  thick,  bulky,  heavy,  short,  thick- 
set, chunky,  fleshy. 
2.    Unfledged,  unfeathered 

Squab,  «.     Young  pigeon, 

Squabbish,  a.     See  Squab. 

Squabble,  v.  ft.  I.  Quarrel,  wrangle,  fight,  scuffle, 
struggle,  brawl. 

2.   Dispute,   contend,    jangle,    brawl,    bicker, 
altercate,  wrangle. 

Squabble,  «  Brawl,  wrangle,  dispute,  petty  quar- 
rel, broil,  scrimmage,  rumpus. 

Squabby,  a     See  Squab. 

Squad,  n.  Gang,  band,  crew,  set,  knot,  bevy,  lot, 
small  company. 

Squalid,  a.  Filthy,  nasty,  dirty,  foul,  unclean, 
mucky. 

Squalidity,  «.    See  Squalidnkss. 

Squalidness,  «.  Foulness,  filthiness,  squalidity, 
squalor. 

Squall,  V.  ft.  Cry  (as  an  infant)^  bawl,  yell, 
scream,  cry  out. 

Squall,  n.     I.  Cry,  bawl,  yell,  scream,  outcry. 

2.    Storm  {sudden  and  brief ),  blast,  gust,  brief 
gale,  little  tempest,  brief  hurricane. 

Squallyt  a.  Gusty,  blustering,  stormy,  tempest- 
uous. 

Squalor,  «•    [L.]    See  Squalidness. 

iSStId,!-     Scaly.     SeeSQUAMOSE. 

Squamose,  a.  {Bot )  Scaly,  squamate,  squa- 
mated,  squamous. 

Squamous,  a.    See  Squamose. 

Squander,  v.  a.  Spend  {profusely),  lavish,  ex- 
pend, waste,  lose,  dissipate,  throw  away,  muddle 
away,  scatter,  misuse. 

Squanderer,  «.  Spendthrift,  prodigal,  waster, 
lavisher. 

Square,  a.     l.   Quadrilateral  and  equiangular. 

2.  Perpendicular,  making  a  right  angle. 

3.  Just,  honest,  fair,  equitable,  upright,  exact, 
equal. 

4.  Adjusted,  balanced,  settled,  even. 

5.  True,  just,  exactly  suitable. 

6.  Hearty. 


Square,  n.  I.  Four-sided  figure  (a///A  ^^«a/ j/</^j 
and  angles),  quadrate. 

2.  Square  number. 

3.  Open  area  {iu  a  city  or  town). 

4.  {Arch)    One  hundred  superficial  feet. 

5.  Pane  of  glass. 

6.  Equality,  level. 
Square,  v.  a.     I.    Make  square. 

2.  Regulate,  adapt,  fit,  suit,  accommodate, 
adjust,  mould,  shape. 

3.  Adjust,  settle,  close,  balance,  make  even. 

4.  {Artth.)     Multiply  into  itself. 

Square,  v.  n.  Suit,  fit,  accord,  harmonize,  quad- 
rate, comport,  cohere,  chime  in,  fall  m. 

Squarrose,  a.     Ragged,  rough,  jagged. 

Squasb,  v.  a.     Crush,  mash. 

Squashy,  a.    Soft,  pulpy. 

Squat,  V.  n.  I.  Crouch,  cower,  sit  close  to  the 
ground. 

2.  [Modem.]  Sz\.i\t{witkouttiiletothelaftd), 
plant  one's  self,  take  up  one's  quarters,  pitch 
one's  tent. 

Squat,  a.     I.   Crouching,  cowering. 
2.   Dumpy,  stubby,  short  and  thick. 

Squaw -vine,  «.  Checkerberry,  partridge-berry, 
winter-clover  (Mitchella  repens). 

Squeal,  v   n.     Cry  (as  a  pig),  yell. 

Squeamish,  a.  Fastidious,  nice,  delicate,  finical, 
particular,  hypercritical,  dainty,  difficult,  scrupu- 
lous, over-nice,  hard  to  please. 

Squeeze,  v  a.  I.  Compress,  gripe,  pinch,  nip, 
press  closely 

2.  Force  (between  close  bodies),  drive. 

3.  Harass,  oppress,  crush. 

Squeeze,  v.  n.     Press,  crowd,  force   a  way,  urge 

one's  way 
Squeeze  out.     Press  out,  force  out,  extract. 
Squeteagrue,  «.    Weak-fish  {Labrus  squeteague  or 

Onohthus  regalis). 
Squib,  n.     I.   Cracker. 

2.   Lampoon,  pasquinade,  satire. 
Squib,   V.  n.     (Collog.)    Make    lampoons,    throw 

squibs,  make  sarcastic  remarks^  fling. 
Squid,  «.     Cuttle-fish,  octopus,  ink-fish  {Sepia  of- 

ficitialis). 
Squint,  v.  n.     Look  askant,   look  askance,  look 

obliquely. 
Squint-eyed,  a.    I.   Cock-eyed,  cross-eyed,  squlnt- 

2.   Oblique,  sinister,  indirect,  malignant 

Squinting,  «      Strabism,  strabismus. 

Squirarchy,  «.     Gentlemen,  gentry,  gentlefolk. 

Squire,  v.  a.  Attend,  escort,  gallant,  accompany, 
wait  on. 

Squire,  «.     Esquire. 

Squireen,  n.  {Modem,  Eng.\  Country  squire, 
petty  squire. 

Squirm,  v.  ft.     Writhe,  wriggle,  twist. 

Squirt,  v.  a.     Eject  (through  a  syringe),  spirt. 

Squirt,  n.     Syriii|?e. 

Stab,  V.  a.  I.  Pierce,  transfix,  gore,  spear,  trans- 
pierce, pink,  wound. 

2.  Wound,  wound  maliciously. 

3.  Injure  secretly,  malign,  slander 
Stab,  «.     I.   Thrust,  cut,  prick. 

2.  Wound,  blow,  dagger-stroke. 

3.  Injury,  malicious  thrust,  covert  wound. 

Stabber,  «      Assassin,  privy  murderer. 

Stability,  «.  I.  Fixedness,  durability,  perma- 
nence, stableness,  steadiness,  immovability, 
strength. 

2,  Constancy,  steadiness,  firmness,  stableness. 
Stable,  a.  I.  Fixed,  established,  permanent,  im- 
movable, immutable,  unalterable,  indestructible, 
unchangeable,  invariable,  strong,  firm. 

2.  Constant,  steady,  firm,  steadfast,  unwaver- 
ing, stanch. 


STABLE-MAN 


401 


STAND 


3.   Durable,  lasting,   enduring,   abiding,    per- 
manent, secure,  perpetual,  sure,  fast. 
Stable-man,  «.     Groom,  hostler. 
Stableness,  n.    See  Stability. 
Stables,  «.  //.     Mews. 
Staff,  «.     I.   Stick,  pole,  rod. 

2.  Partisan,  trunclieon,  quarter-staff,  club, 
cudgel,  bludgeon,  shilleiah,  bat. 

3.  Cane,  stick. 

4.  Support,  prop,  stay. 

5.  Mace,  truncheon,  b&ion. 

6.  Staff-officers,  general  officers,  itat  major. 

7.  Stanza,  stave. 

Stag:,  n.     Hart,  male  red  deer  (Cervus  elaphus), 
Sta^e,  «.     I.    Platform. 

2.  Platform,  scaffold,  staging. 

3.  Theatre,  playhouse. 

4.  Drama. 

5.  Arena,  place  of  exhibition,  field,  platform, 
boards,  theatre. 

6.  Station,  stagehouse,  halting-place. 

7.  Step,  degree,  point. 

8.  Stage-coach,  omnibus,  stage-carriage,  stage- 
wagon,  diligence. 

Stage-like,  a.     Ranting,  declamatory,  stagey. 

Sta  je-player,  «.  Actor,  performer,  player,  trage- 
dian or  comedian. 

Staee  whisper.  Loud  whisper,  very  audible 
whisper. 

Stagey,  a-  {Colloq.)  Ranting,  declamatory,  bom- 
bastic, theatrical,  stage-like,  dramatic,  melo- 
dramatic, fustian,  pompous. 

Stagger,  v.  n.     I.   Reel,  totter,  vacillate. 

2.  Fail,  waver,  give  way. 

3.  Hesitate,  waver,  doubt. 

Stagger,  v.  a.     Shock,  astonish,  astound,  amaze, 

confound,    dumfound,    pose,    surprise,    nonplus, 

strike  with  wonder,  take  by  surprise. 
Staggers,  «.     {Farriery)     Apoplexy. 
Staging,  n.    {U.  S.]    Platform,  scaffold. 
Stagnant,  a.     I.   Motionless,      standing,      close, 

quiet. 
2.    Sluggish,     inactive,    inert,     torpid,     dull, 

heavy. 
Stagnate,  v.  ».     I.   Be  stagnant,  stand  still. 

2.   Be  dull,  be  inactive. 
Staid,  a.     Sober,  grave,  steady,  serious,  composed, 

demure,  solemn,  calm,  settled,  sedate. 
Stain,   V.  a.     I.    Soil,   sully,   tarnish,   spot,  blot, 

blemish,  discolor,  maculate. 

2.  Dye,  tinge,  color. 

3.  Disgrace,  pollute,  corrupt,  defile,  dishonor, 
debase,  deprave,  contaminate,  taint,  blot,  soil, 
tarnish,  sully,  befoul. 

Stain,  n.  I.  Blemish,  tarnish,  spot,  blot,  imper- 
fection, discoloration. 

2.  Disgrace,  dishonor,  contamination,  taint, 
reproach,  tarnish,  pollution,  blemish. 

3.  Shame,  disgrace,  infamy,  cause  of  reproach, 
reproach. 

Stainless,  a.    I.   Spotless,  untarnished,  unspotted. 
2.   Unsullied,  faultless,  innocent,  uncorrupted, 

guiltless,  pure,  blameless,  spotless. 
Sl^r,  n.     I.    Stairs,  flight  of  steps. 

2.    Step  (,o/  a  flight  of  stairs). 
Staircase,    «.     Stairs   {with  casing,  etc.,),   flight 

of  stairs,  stairway. 
Stairs,  n.  pi.     Staircase,  stairway,  flight  of  steps, 

flight  of  stairs,  pair  of  stairs,  set  of  steps. 
Stake,  n.     1.    Stick  {pointed for  driving  into  the 

ground),  picket,  pale- 

2.  Wager,  bet,  pledge. 

3.  Risk,  hazard,  venture,  adventure. 

4.  Martyrdom  (by  fire). 

Stake,  V.  a.     Risk,  venture,  hazard,  peril,  imperil, 

E'  sopardize,   wager,  pledge,  put  at  sUke,  put  at 
azard. 


Stale,  a.  I.  Vapid,  tasteless,  insipid,  mawkish, 
fiat,  flashy,  musty,  fusty,  sour, 

2.  Old,  decayed,  faded,  effete,  time-worn, 
worn  out. 

3.  Trite,  common,  hackneyed,  commonplace, 
threadbare,  old,  vapid,  stereotyped. 

Stalk,  V.  n.     I.    Walk  {stealthily). 

2,    Stride,  strut,  pace,  march. 
Stalky  n.    Stem,  petiole,  pedicel,  peduncle,  culm, 

spire. 
Stalking-horse,  «.   Mask,  cover,  pretence,  screen, 

blind,  cloak,  veil,  disguise. 
StaU,  ».    I.   Stable. 

2.  Compartment  {as  in  a  stable),  cell,  recess. 

3.  Stand  {where  things  are  sold),  shop,  booth, 
italage. 

4.  Seat  {for  a  dignitary  in  the  choir  of  a 
church). 

Stall,  V.  a.     I.   Put  in  a  stable,  keep  in  a  stable. 
2.   Set  fast  {as  in  mire),  fix  in  a  slough,  stick 
fast. 

Stall-fed,  a.     Stable-kept,  fatted. 

Stallion,  n.  Stud-horse,  breeding-horse,  stock- 
horse,  stone-horse. 

Stalwart,  a.  I.  Strong,  stout,  sinewy,  brawny, 
muscular,  athletic,  lusty,  robust,  sturdy,  strap- 
ping, vigorous,  powerful,  puissant,  able-bodied, 
Herculean,  gigantic,  stal worth. 

2.  Brave,  bold,  manly,  valiant,  valorous,  gal- 
lant, intrepid,  daring,  resolute,  firm,  indomitable, 
redoubtable,  redoubted,  vehement,  violent. 

StalWOrth,  a.     See  Stalwart. 

Stamina,  «.  //.  I.  Firm  parts  {that give  strength), 
principal  elements. 

2.  Strength,  vigor,  force,  stoutness,  sturdiness, 
lustiness,  power. 

3.  {Bat.)     Stamens. 

Stammel,  a.     Reddish  {paler  than  scarlet). 
Stammer,  v.  n.     Stutter,   hesitate   {in  speaking), 

falter,  haw,  hum  and  haw. 
Stammer,  «.     Stutter,  falter,  hesitation. 
Stammerer, «.    Stutterer, 
stammering,  «.     Stuttering,    faltering,    difficulty 

of  utterance. 
Stamp,  V.  a.     I.    Beat  {with  the  foot  or  a  pestle). 

2.  Impress,  imprint,  print,  mark,  brand,  put 
a  stamp  on. 

3.  Impress,  imprint,  fix  deeply. 

4.  Coin,  mint,  form. 

Stamp,  n.  I.  Mark,  impress,  print,  impression, 
brand. 

2.   Make,    cast,    mould,    form,    fashion,    cut, 
character,   complexion,   description,   kind,   type, 
sort. 
Stampede,  «.     Sudden  flight  {as  of  horses  frotn 

fright). 
Stanch,  v.  a.     Stop  the  flow  of,  stop  from  running. 
Stanch,  a.     I.    Strong,  sound,  stout,  firm. 

2.   Steady,  firm,  constant,  steadfast,  resolute, 
stable,  unwavering,  hearty,  strong,  zealous,  faith- 
ful, loyal,  trustv 
Stanchion,  n.     ^rop,  support,  shore-stantient. 
Stand,  V.  n.     I.    Be  upon  the  feet,  rest  on  the  feet. 

2.  Be  erect,  continue  erect,  remain  upright. 

3.  Be  placed,  be  situated,  be  located. 

4.  Remain,  continue,  abide,  be  fixed,  endure, 
hold  good,  be  permanent. 

5.  Stop,  halt,  pause. 

6.  Stay,  be  firm,  be  resolute,  keep  one's  po- 
sition, maintain  one's  ground,  stand  one's  ground, 
be  fixed,  be  steady. 

7.  Rank,  have  rank,  hold  a  place. 

8.  Be  {emphatically). 

9.  Be  valid,  have  force,  have  validity. 

10.  Be  a  candidate. 

11.  {Naut.)    Steer,  hold  a  course. 

12.  Agree,  consist,  be  reconciled,  be  compatible. 


26 


STAND 


402 


STARRY 


13.  Rest,  depend,  have  support. 

14.  Stagnate. 

Stand,  V.  a.  I.  Endure,  sustain,  bear,  weather, 
bear  up  against. 

2.  Resist  {without  flinching)^  oppose,  with- 
stand, stand  against. 

3.  Abide,  await,   submit  to,  yield  to,  sufEer, 
admit. 

4.  Put,  place,  set  upright,  fix. 

Stand,  n.  I.  Place,  post,  sution,  standing-place, 
position. 

2.  Station. 

3.  Stop,  halt,  stay. 

4.  Platform,  raised  station. 

5.  Small  table. 

6.  Witness-stand. 

7.  Resistance,  opposition. 

8.  Rank,  post,  station,  standing. 

9.  Interruption,    cessation,    stop,    stand-still, 
obstruction. 

10.  Difficulty,  perplexity,  hesitation,  embarrass- 
ment. 

11.  Stall,  booth. 

Stand  aSfainst.     Oppose,  resist,  withstand. 
Standard,  n.     I.    Ensign,  banner,  flag,  streamer, 
pennon,  colors, 

2.  Criterion,  rule,  model,  test,  type. 

3.  Gauge,  model,  measure,  scale. 

4.  Support,  upright. 

5.  (Bot.)    Vexillum. 
Standard-bearer,  «.    Ensign  {of  infantry),  cornet 

{of  cavalry)^  color-sergeant. 
Stand  by.     I.   Stand  near,  be  near,  be  present. 

2.  Be  aside,  be  placed  aside,  be  put  aside. 

3.  Support,    assist,    aid,    help,    defend,    side 
with,  stand  for. 

4.  Defend,   maintain,   vindicate,   make  good, 
justify,  support. 

5.  Rest  on,  be  supported,  repose  in. 

6.  (Naut.)    Attend,  be  ready. 
Stander-by,  «.     Bystander,  spectator,  witness. 
Stand  fast.     Be  fixed,  be  unshaken,  be  immov- 
able. 

Stand  fire.     Bear  trial,  stand  firm,  remain  undis- 
mayed. 
Stand  firmly  on.     Be  satisfied,  be  convinced  of. 
Stand  for.     I.    Signify,  mean,  represent. 

2.  Defend,  support,  aid,  help,  side  with,  stand 
by,  maintain. 

3.  Offer  one's  self  as  candidate,  present  one's 
self. 

4.  {Naut.)    Direct  the  course  toward. 
Stand  from.     (Naut.)     Direct  the  course  from. 
Standing:,  a.    I.   Established,  settled,  permanent. 

2.  Lasting,  permanent,  durable. 

3.  Stagnant,  motionless. 

4.  Fixed,  immovable. 
Standing:,  n.    I.  Stand. 

2.  Duration,  existence,  continuance. 

3.  Establishment. 

4.  Station. 

5.  Footing,  hold,  ground,  power  to  stand. 

6.  Position,  rank,  condition,  reputation,  esti- 
mation, status. 

Stand  in  hand.  Behoove,  interest,  concern,  be 
important  for,  be  advantageous  for,  be  for  one's 
interest,  be  serviceable  to. 

Stand  in  one's  own  light.  Act  against  one's 
own  interest,  not  know  on  which  side  one's  bread 
is  buttered,  quarrel  with  one's  bread  and  butter, 
kill  the  goose  which  lays  golden  eggs,  throw  a 
stone  in  one's  own  garden. 

Stand  in  stead.  Benefit,  profit,  be  of  use,  be  of 
service,  be  advantageous. 

Standish,  «      Inkstand. 

Stand  it.  (CoUoq)  Endure  it,  bear  it,  put  up 
with  it. 


Stand  of  arms.     Complete  set  of  arms. 
Stand  off.     I.   Keep  off,  keep  at  a  distance,  keep 
aloof. 
2.    Not  to  comply. 

Stand  one  in.    Cost. 

Stand  one's  ground.  Stand,  stay,  be  firm,  be 
resolute,  keep  one's  position,  maintain  one's 
ground. 

S^d  out.  I.  Project,  jut,  protrude,  be  promi- 
nent, jut  out. 

2.   Persist  (in  resistance),  not  yield,  not  com- 
ply. 

Standpoint,  «.     Point  of  view. 

Stand-still,  «.  Stand,  stop,  interruption,  cessa- 
tion. 

Stand  to.     I.   Abide  by,  adhere  to,  cling. 

2.  Be  consistent  with. 

3.  (Naut.)    Ply,  urge,  use  vigorously,  perse- 
vere in  using. 

Stand  to  It.     Persist  in  the  opinion,  stick  to  it. 

Stand  to  reason.  Seem  reasonable,  appear  con- 
sistent. 

Stand  under.     Undergo,  sustain,  endure. 

Stand  up.     Rise,  get  upon  one's  feet. 

Stand  up  for.  Defend,  justify,  uphold,  support, 
sustain. 

Stand  upon.     I.    Insist  upon, 

2.  Value,  pride  one's  self   on,    think    much 
of. 

3.  Concern,  interest,  touch. 
Stand  with      Be  consistent  with,  agree. 
Stannel,   «.     [Written  also  Stannyel.^     Kestrel, 

castrel,  windhover,  stonegall,  stand-gale  (Falco 

tinvunculus). 
Stanza,  n.     Stave,  staff. 
Staple,  «.     I.    Chief  commodity  {of  a  country  or 

a  district),  principal  production. 

2.  Fibre  (of  cotton,  wool,  etc.),  pile,  filament, 
thread. 

3.  Raw  material,  unmanufactured  material. 

4.  Bulk,  mass,  body,  substance,  principal  part, 
greater  part,  chief  ingredient. 

Staple,  a.     Chief,  principal. 

Star,  n.     I.   Heavenly  body,  luminary, 

2.  Asterisk,  figure  of  a  star. 

3.  Fate,  fortune,  destiny,  lot,  doom, 

4.  Eminent  person  (particularly  an  eminent 
actor). 

Starboard,  «.  {Naut.)  Right-hand  side  {of  a 
vessel,  to  a  person  looking'  forward). 

Starboard,  <i.    {Naut.)    Right. 

starch,  a.     See    Starched, 

Starched,  a.     Stiff,  precise,   formal,   prim,  rigid, 

punctilious,     ceremonious,     starchy,     affectedly 

exact. 
Starch-sugar,  «.     Glucose,  grape-sugar. 
Stare,   v.   n.      Gaze,    gloat,  look  intently,  gaie 

earnestly. 
Star-finch,  «.     Redstart  {Phoenicura  ruticilla). 
Star-fish,  «.     Sea-star,  five-finger. 
Star-flower,  n.      I.    Star-of- Bethlehem    (Orni- 

thogalum  umbellatum). 
2.   Chickweed,  starwort. 
Stark,  a.     I.   Stiff,  rigid, 

2.   Mere,  simple,  sheer,  bare,  downright,  gross, 

unmistakable,  pure,  entire,  absolute. 
Stark,   ad.      Wholly,   entirely,  completely,  fully, 

absolutely. 
Star-like,  a.     I.   Bright,  lustrous,  twinkling. 

2.  Radiated,  stellate,  stellated,  stellular. 

3.  Bright,  illustrious. 
Star-monger,  «■     Astrologer,  fortune-teller. 
Starry,  a.     I.  Full  of  stars,  star-spangled,  stellar, 

stellary. 

2.  Stellar,  stellary,  astral. 

3.  Brilliant,     shining,     sparkling,     twinkling, 
lustrous. 


START 


403 


STEAL 


Sttrtf  V.  n     I.   Shrink,  fliuch,  wince,  sUrtie. 

2.  Depart,  set  out,  set  off 

3.  Arise,  come  into  existence  suddenly. 

4.  Deviate,  digress,  ditfer. 

5.  Move  suddenly,  spring,  startle. 

Start,  V.  a.  I.  Rouse,  alarm,  startle,  disturb, 
fright,  scare 

2.  Evoke,  raise,  call  forth. 

3.  Begin,  initiate,  institute,  set  on  foot. 

4.  Discover,  invent. 

5-  Move  [suddenly),  dislocate. 
Start,  «.     I.    Startle,  sudden  motion. 

2.  Fit,  spasmodic  e£Eort,  twitch,  spasm. 

3.  Beginning,  outset. 

4.  Excitement,  stimulus. 

5.  Sally,  sudden  effusion,  impulse. 

6.  Shoot,  quick  spring. 

Start  after.     Follow,  pursue,  set  out  after. 

Start  as:ailist.  Compete  with,  act  as  rival  candi- 
date. 

Start  for.     Be  a  candidate  for  {as  an  office). 

Start  from.     Issue  from,  proceed  from. 

Startins-polnt,  «.     Point  of  departure. 

Startle,  v.  n.     Shrink,  wince,  flinch,  start. 

Startle,  v.  a.  I.  Frighten,  fright,  affnght,  alarm, 
shock. 

2.    Strike    with    wonder,    surprise,     astonish, 
astound,  amaze. 

Startle,  «.     Shock,  start 

Startling,  a  Shocking,  alarming,  sudden,  unex- 
pected, unforeseen,  surprising,  astonishing,  un- 
heard of,  abrupt. 

Start  up.    Rise  suddenly. 

Start  with.     Begin  with 

Starvation,  «.     Famishment. 

Starve,  v.  n.     I,    Famish,  perish  {.-with  hung^er) 
2.    Lack,  want,  be  in  need. 

Starve,   v.   a.       I.    Kill  with  hunger,   starve   to 
death. 
2.   Subdue  by  famine. 

Starveling;,  a.  Lean,  meagre,  lank,  emaciated, 
gaunt,  skinny,  scraggy,  raw-boned,  hungry,  thin, 
attenuated,  ill-fed,  ill-conditioned. 

Starveling;,  «.     Pauper,  mendicant,  beggar. 

Starwort,  «.     Chickweed,  star-flower. 

State,  ».  I.  Condition,  situation,  position,  plight, 
predicament,  pass,  case,  category. 

2.  Rank,  condition,  quality. 

3.  Commonwealth,     civil     community,    body 
politic. 

4.  Pomp,  parade,  dignity,  grandeur,  magnifi- 
cence, glory,  greatness. 

State,  V.  a.  Express  (civiih  partictdarityX  explain, 
specify,  set  tbrth,  narrate,  recite,  represent  fully, 
declare,  affirm. 

State,  a      National,  public. 

State-chamber,  «.  Divan,  audience-chamber, 
council-chamber. 

State-craft,  n.  Statesmanship,  state  management, 
political  subtlety. 

Stated,  a.     I.   Settled,  established,  regular,  fixed. 
2.   Detailed,  set  forth,  specified. 

State-hotise, «.     State  capitol. 

Stately,  a.  I.  Lofty,  dignified,  majestic,  imperial, 
magnificent,  grand,  noble,  princely,  royal,  ele- 
vated, august,  imposing. 

2.    Pompous,    ceremonious,    solemn,     formal, 
magisterial,  dignified,  lofty,  majestic,  elevated. 

Stately  mansion.    Palace. 

Statement,  n.  Specification,  mention,  announce- 
ment, report,  account,  recital,  relation,  narra- 
tion, narrative,  description. 

Statesman,  «.     Statist,  politician 

Station,  n.  I.  Place,  position,  post,  location, 
situation. 

2.   Office,     function,    business,    employment, 
sphere  of  duty,  occupation. 


3.  Rank,  standing,  character,  state,  degree, 
condition,  status. 

4.  Station-house,  railway  station,  depot. 
Station,  V.  a.    Place,  locate,  post,   fix,   establish, 

set. 

Stationary,  a.  Fixed,  stable,  permanent,  stand- 
ing, still,  quiescent,  motionless,  at  rest,  at  a  stand, 
standing  still. 

Stationer,  ».     Dealer  in  pens,  ink,  paper,  etc. 

Stationery,  n.     Pens,  ink,  paper,  etc. 

Station-hoase,  ».     I.   Station,  railway  station. 
2.    Police  station,  lock-up,  watch-house. 

Statist,  n.     Statesman,  politician. 

Statnary,  «.     I.    Sculpture,  carving. 

2.  Statues  {collectively'). 

3.  Sculptor,  artist  in  stone. 

Statue,  n.  Image  {made  of  some  solid  sub- 
stance). 

Statuette,  «.    Small  statue,  little  image. 

Stature,  «      Height,  tallness,  size 

Status,  n.  [L.]  Standing,  rank,  station,  condi- 
tion. 

Statute,  n.  Law,  act,  enactment,  ordinance,  edict, 
decree,   regulation. 

Staurolite,  «.    I.  See  Staurotidh. 
2.    Harmotome. 

Staurotide,  n.     Cross-stone,  grenatite,  staurolite. 

Stave,  n.     Stanza,  staff. 

stave,  V,  a.     Burst,  break  a  hole  in,  stave  in. 

Stave  in.    Burst. 

Stave  off.  Defer,  delay,  postpone,  adjourn,  pro- 
crastinate, put  off,  lay  over,  let  lie  over,  waive, 
shift  off. 

Stay»  V,  n.  I.  Sojourn,  tarry,  abide,  dwell,  lodge, 
rest,  take  up  one's  quarters,  pitch  one's  tent. 

2.  Remain,  continue,  stop,  be  fixed,  stand  still, 
abide  fixed,  halt. 

3.  Wait,  attend,  delay,  linger. 

4.  Rest,  rely,  confide,  trust,  repose,  lean. 
Stay,  V.  a.     I.    Stop,  restrain,  check,  hold,  with- 
hold, curb,  keep  in,  rein  in,  prevent. 

2.  Delay,  obstruct,  hinder,  arrest. 

3.  Support,  sustain,  uphold,  prop,  hold  up, 
shore  up. 

Stay,  H.  I.  Sojourn,  delay,  halt,  rest,  repose, 
stop. 

2.  Stand,  stop. 

3.  Hindrance,  obstruction,  interruption,  ob- 
stacle, impediment,  check,  bar,  restraint,  curb, 
stumbling-block. 

4.  Support,  prop,  staff,  dependence,  supporter, 
buttress. 

Sta3rs,  n.  //.     Corsets. 

Stead,  n.     [Written  also  Sted]    Place,  room. 

Steadfast,  a.  [Written  also  Sted/ast.']  I.  Fixed, 
fast,  established,  firm,  stable. 

2.  Resolute,  firm,  steady,  stanch,  constant, 
stable,  pertinacious,  unwavering,  unhesitating, 
unshaken,  unreserved,  implicit,  faithful,  resolved, 
persevering. 

Steadily,  ad.  Firmly,  unwaveringly,  undeviat- 
ingly. 

Steadiness,  n.      I.    Steadfastness,   firmness,    con- 
stancy, resolution,  persistence,  perseverance. 
2.    Stability,  firmness,  fixedness. 

Steady,  a.     I.    Fixed,  firm,  stable. 

2.  Regular,  undeviating,  unremitted,  uniform, 
constant,  equable. 

3.  Constant,  resolute,  stanch,  steadfast,  sta- 
ble, unwavering,  persevering,  unchangeable. 

Steak,  «■     Collop,  slice,  broiling-piece 
Steal,  V.  a.     I.   Purloin,  pilfer,  filch,  poach,  pecu- 
late, embezzle,  swindle,  make  off  with,  come  un- 
lawfully by. 

2.  Allure,  win,  gain,  draw  over. 

3.  Convey  secretly. 

4.  Take  secretly,  accomplish  secretly. 


STEAL 


404 


STICK 


Steal,  V.  n.     I.    Pilfer,  purloin,  thieve,  practise 

theft,  take  feloniously. 
2.   Pass  stealthily,  go  unperceived,  withdraw 

privily. 
Stealer,  «.    Thief,  robber. 
Stealing,  «.    Theft,  robbery,  larceny. 
Stealth,  n.     Stealthiness,  secrecy,  slyness. 
Stealtliy,  a.       Sly,   secret,   private,    clandestine, 

furtive,  underhand,  sneaking,  skulking. 
Steam,  n.      I.    Vdipor  [especially  o/ water),  v/dX^r 

in  a  gaseous  state. 

2.  Visible  vapor. 

3.  Mist,  fume,  reek,  smoke,  exhalation,  efflu- 
vium. 

Steam,  ?/.  «.     I.   Emit  vapor,  fume. 

2.  Evaporate,  pass  on  in  vapor. 

3.  Navigate  {by  means  of  steatn),  plough  the 
deep,  plough  the  waves. 

Steamboat,  «.     Steamer. 

Steamer,  «•     I.   Steamboat,  steamship. 
2.    Fire-engine,  steam  fire-engine. 

Steamer-duck,  «.     Race-horse  [Microptertts  bra- 
chypterus). 

Steamship,  n.     Steamer,  steam-vessel. 

Steamy,  a.     Vaporous,  misty,  moist. 

Steatite,  «.     I.    Soapstone,  pot-stone,  lard-stone. 
2.   Saponite. 

Steed,  n.      {Poetical.)     Horse  (especially  a  war- 
horse),  charger. 

Steel,  ».     I.    Carburet  of  iron,  carbonized  iron. 

2.  Armor,  mail. 

3.  Knife,  sword,  dagger,  dirk,  poniard,  clay- 
more, sabre,  falchion,  rapier,  hanger,  blade. 

4.  Hardness,  sternness,  vigor,  mercilessness. 
Steel,  V.  a.     Z.    Case-harden,  edge  or  point  with 

steel. 
2.   Harden,  strengthen,  fortify,  nerve,  brace, 

make  firm. 
Steel-yard,  ».     Roman  balance. 
steep,  a.     Precipitous,  abrupt. 
Steep,  n.     Precipice,  abrupt  declivity. 
Steep,   V.   a.      Soak,    macerate,   imbrue,  drench, 

digest,  imbue. 
Steeple,  «.     Spire,  tower,  turret,  pointed  belfry. 
Steeple-hush,  «.     Hardback  {Spiraa  tomentosa). 
Steer,  «.     Young  ox. 
Steer,  v.  a.      Direct  {as  a  vessel  by  the  helm), 

guide,  pilot,  conduct,  govern,  have  or  take  the 

direction  of. 
Steer,  v.  n.     I.   Direct  one's  course. 

2.   Be  directed,  be  governed. 
Steer  clear  of.     Shun,  avoid,  turn  aside  from. 
Steersman,    n.       Helmsman,   pilot,    guide,    con- 
ductor. 
StegnotiC,  a.     Astringent,  constipating. 
Stellar,  a.     I.    Astral,  starry,  stellary. 

2.    Full  of  stars,  starry,  star-spangled. 
Stellate,  a.     Star-like,  radiated,  stellular,  stellated, 

stellulate. 

it?lffi;!-    See  .Ste,...xh. 

Stem,  n.     I.   Trunk  {of  a  tree),  main  stock,  stipe. 

2.  Peduncle,  pedicel,  petiole,  stalk. 

3.  Branch,  shoot,  scion,  descendant,  progeny, 
offspring. 

4.  Slock,  race,  pedigree,  descent,  family,  gen- 
eration, lineage,  ancestry. 

5.  {Naut.)     Forepart  {o/  a  ship),  prow,  beak, 
bow. 

6.  Lookout,  leading  position,  helm. 

7.  (Mus.)    Tail  {of  a  note). 

8.  Root,  origin,  radical,  radix,  primitive  word, 
etymon. 

Stem,   V.   a.      I.    Oppose  (as  a  current),  resist, 
breast,  withstand,  bear  up  against,  make  head 
against. 
2.   Stop,  check,  oppose,  stay. 


Stench,  «•     Stink,  fetor,  bad  smell,  offensive  odor. 
Stench-trap,  «      Cesspool,  stink- trap. 
Stenograpiltr,  «.     Stenographist. 
Stenographist,  «.     Stenographer. 
Stenography,    «.     Shorthand,  tachygraphy,  bra- 

chygraphy. 
Stent,  «.     See  Stint. 
Stentorian,  a.      Stunning,  deafening,  very  loud, 

sonorous,  powerful,  thundering,  trumpet-like. 
Step,  n.     I.   Pace. 

2.  Stair. 

3.  Degree,  grade,  gradation. 

4.  Advancement,  progression,  advance. 

5.  Action,    act,    deed,    proceeding,    measure, 
procedure. 

6.  Footstep,  footprint,  track,  trace,  vestige. 

7.  Gait,  walk. 

8.  Measure,  means,  method,  expedient. 

9.  Round  {of  a  ladder),  rundle. 

10.  Short  distance,  stone's  throw,  small  space, 
few  steps. 

11.  Remove 
Step,  V.  n.     Walk. 

Steppe,  n.     Prairie,  pampa,  savanna. 
StercoraceoUS,  a.     Fecal. 

sterile,  a.      I.    Barren,  unfruitful,  unproductive, 
unprolific,  jejune,  poor,  bare,  dry,  empty. 

2.  Barren,  unproductive,  unprolific,  infecund, 
unfruitful. 

3.  {Bot.)    Acarpous,  staminate,  male. 
Sterili'^,  «.     Barrenness,  unfruitfulness,  fruitless- 

ness,  unproductiveness,  infecundity. 

Sterling,  a       Genuine,  pure,  true,  real,  substan- 
tial, positive,  standard,  sound. 

Stem,  a.     I.    Forbidding,  austere,  severe,  rigid. 

2.  Harsh,  cruel,  severe,  bitter,  rigorous,  strict, 
hard,  unrelenting,  inflexible,  rigid. 

3.  Steadfast,  immovable,  rigidly  steadfast,  in- 
corruptible, uncompromising. 

Stem,  «.     Hinder  part  {of  a  vessel). 

Sternness,  «.     I.    Severity,  austerity,  rigidity. 
2.     Harshness,    asperity,    rigor,    inflexibility, 
cruelty. 

Sternum,  «.     (Anat.)    Breastbone,  stemon. 

Sternutation,  «.     Sneezing. 

Sternutative,  a.     See  Sternutatory. 

Sternutatory,  a.     Sternutative,  errhine,  that  pro- 
duces sneezing. 

itertSJSSf '  1  "•     ^"°""S'  hoarsely  breathing. 
Stew,  V.  a.     Boil  {slowly),  seethe,  simmer,  stive. 
Stew,  V.  n.     Be  boiled  (slowly). 
Stew,  «.     I.   Hot-house,  bagnio,  hot  bath-house, 
sudatory. 

2.  Ragout,  stewed  meat. 

3.  (Colloq.)  Confusion,  diflSculty,  scrape,  mess. 
Steward,  «.     I.    Major-domo. 

2.   Manciple,  purveyor. 
Stew-pan,  «.     Saucepan,  kettle,  skillet. 
Stews,    «.   pi.       Brothel,    bagnio,   bawdy-house, 

whore-house,  house    of   prostitution,  house    or 

ill  fame. 
Stihial,  a.     Antimonial. 
Stibium,  «.     I.   Antimony. 

2.   See  Stibnite. 
Stibnite,  «.     Stibium,  antimony-glance. 
Stich,  «.     Line,  verse. 
Stick,  n.     I.    Rod,  switch,  birch. 

2.  Club,  bludgeon,  cudgel,  shillelah,  bat. 

3.  Cane,  staff,  walking-stick. 

4.  Piece  of  timber. 

5.  Stab,  thrust,  prick. 

6.  {In  printing.)     Composing-stick. 

Stick,  V.  a.      I.    Pierce,  penetrate,  transfix,  stab, 
spear,  gore. 

2.  Kill,  stab. 

3.  Insert,  thrust,  infix. 


STICK 


405 


STIPULATION 


4.  Attach,  paste,  glue,  cement. 

5.  Fix  (on  iomethi>i£ pointed), 

6.  Set,  fix  iu. 

Stick,  V.  n.  I.  Adhere,  cleave,  cling,  hold,  stay 
fixed. 

2.  Abide,  remain,  stop,  stay,  hold  fast,  be 
infixed,  cling. 

3.  Stop 

4.  Hesitate,  waver,  doubt,  scruple,  stickle,  be 
embarrassed,  be  puzzled. 

Stick  at.  Hesitate  about,  doubt  about,  be  puz- 
zled by. 

Stick  by.  Adhere  to,  be  faithful  to,  be  true  to, 
stick  to,  be  constant,  be  firm. 

Stickiness,  «.  Adhesiveness,  vlscousness,  gluti- 
nousness,  tenacity,  viscosity. 

Stickle,  V.  n.  I.  Struggle  (pertinaciously  and  on 
trifling  grounds),  contend,  altercate,  contest. 

2.  Hesitate,  waver,  doubt,  scruple,  stick. 

3.  Trim,  shift,  play  fast  and  loose. 
Stickle-back,  «.     Prickle-back,  stickle-bag. 
Stickler,  «.     Pertinacious  person. 

Stick  out.     Project,  protrude,  be  prominent. 

Stick  sulphur.     Cane  brimstone,  roll  sulphur. 

Stick  to.     I.   Cleave  to,  be  faithful  to,  adhere  to, 
stick  by 
2.   Persevere  in. 

Stick  upon.     Dwell  upon,  not  forsake. 

Sticky,  a.  Adhesive,  glutinous,  viscous,  viscid, 
tenacious,  gluey. 

Stiff,  a.  I.  Rigid,  unbending,  unyielding,  inflex- 
ible, stark,  subrigid. 

2.  Firm,  tenacious,  thick,  inspissated. 

3.  Stubborn,  obstinate,  pertinacious,  tenacious, 
strong. 

4.  Rigorous,  severe,  strict,  strait-laced,  strin- 
gent, peremptory,  absolute,  positive,  austere,  dog- 
matic, uncompromising,  inexorable- 

5.  Formal,  constrained,  ceremonious,  punctili- 
ous, prim,  starch,  stately,  chilling,  frigid,  in 
buckram. 

6.  Inelegant,  cramped,  harsh,  crude,  grace- 
less, abrupt. 

7.  Strong,  fresh. 

Stiff-necked,  a.  Stubborn,  obstinate,  obdurate 
dogged,  mulish,  headstrong,  contumacious,  cross- 
grained,  unruly,  intractable. 

Stiffneas,  n.  I.  Rigidity,  inflexibility,  rigidness, 
rigor,  hardness,  starkness. 

2.  Thickness,  spissitude,  density,  compactness, 
denseness,  consistence. 

3.  Stubbornness,  obstinacy,  pertinacity,  con- 
tumaciousness,  inflexibility. 

4.  Severity,  rigor,  strictness,  harshness,  rigor- 
ousness,  austerity,  sternness. 

5.  Formality,  precision,  constraint,  primness, 
frigidity. 

6.  Tension,  tenseness. 

7.  Torpidness,  torpor,  rigidity. 
Stifle,  V.  a.     I.    Smother,  choke,  suffocate. 

2.  Suppress,  repress,  check,  deaden,  stop, 
destroy,  extinguish,  quench. 

3.  Still,  hush,  silence,  muffle,  muzzle,  gag, 
conceal,  smother. 

Stiirma,  n.      I.    Mark  {made  with  a  hot  iron), 

brand. 
2.   Stain,  blot,    disgrace,  reproach,   dishonor, 

shame,  spot,  blur,  brand,  tarnish,  taint. 
Stigmattze,  v.  a.      I.     Brand,  mark  with  a  hot 

iron. 

2.  Disgrace,  reproach,  dishonor,  vilify,  de- 
fame, discredit,  brand,  post,  slur,  hold  up  to 
shame. 

3.  Denounce,  accuse,  brand. 

Stiletto,   n.      I.     Dagger,  dirk,  poniard,  pocket- 
dagger,  stylet. 
2«   Bodkin,  piercer,  eyeleteer. 


Still,  V.  a.     I.   Silence,  stifle,  muffle,  hush,  lull. 

2.  Calm,  compose,  quiet,  allay,  appease,  pacify, 
tranquillize,  smooth,  lull. 

3.  Stop,    check,    restrain,  subdue,    suppress, 
calm,  quiet. 

4.  Distd. 

Still,  a.     I.   Silent,  noiseless,  hushed,  mute,  mum, 

2.  Quiet,    calm,     tranquil,     placid,     berene, 
stilly. 

3.  Motionless,  quiescent,  at  rest,  inert,  stag- 
nant, stationary. 

4.  Soft,  gentle,  mild,  low,  quiet. 

Still,  ad.  or  conj.     I.   Yet,  till  now,  to  this  time 

2.  However,  nevertheless,  notwithstanding. 

3.  Always,  ever,  continually,  habitually,  uni- 
formly. 

4.  After  that,  after  what  is  stated,  in  continu- 
ance, again. 

Still,  n.     I.   Distillery,  still-house. 

2.    Distillatory,  distilling  vessel,  alembic,  stilla- 

tory. 
Still-room,  «.     I.   Stillatory,  laboratory. 

2.   Store-room,  preserve-closet. 
Stilly,   a.      Quiet,  calm,   tranquil,   serene,    still, 

peaceful,  silent. 
Still-yard,  «.     See  Steel-yard. 
Stilt,  n.     Stilt-bird,  long-legged  plover  {Himan- 

topus  melanopterus). 

StUt-bird,  «.    Stilt. 

Stilted,  a.  Pompous,  swelling,  inflated,  bombas- 
tic, turgid,  pretentious,  grandiloquent,  high-flow- 
ing, high-sounding,  fustian,  stilty,  tumid,  high- 
flown,  grandiose. 

Stimulant,  a.     Stimulating,  exciting,  stimulative. 

Stimulant,  n.     I.    Stimulating  medicine. 
2.    Incentive,  stimulus,  provocative,  spur. 

Stimtllate,  v.  a.  Incite,  excite,  instigate,  animate, 
awaken,  provoke,  pique,  encourage,  inspirit,  urge, 
prompt,  goad,  rouse,  arouse,  whet,  foment,  spur, 
impel,  inflame,  fire,  kindle,  stir  up,  set  on,  work 
up,  prick,  fillip,  irritate,  exasperate,  incense. 

Stimulative,  a.     See  Stimulant. 

Stimulative,  «.     See  Stimulus. 

Stimulus,  n.  Incentive,  spur,  goad,  incitement, 
stimulant,  provocative,  provocation,  motive,  en- 
couragement. 

Sting,  V.  a.     I.    Prick,  wound,  hurt. 

2.   Afflict,  pain,  cut  to  the  quick,  go  to  one's 
heart. 

Sting,  n.     Prick,  act  of  stinging. 

Stinging,  a.     Piercing,  painful,  acute. 

Stingy,  a.  Niggardly,  penurious,  parsimonious, 
miserly,  close,  mean,  covetous,  avaricious,  sordid, 
close-fisted,  narrow-hearted. 

Stink,  V.  n.     Smell  bad,  smell  ill,  emit  a  stench. 

Stink,  n.     Stench,  fetor,  offensive  odor,  bad  smell. 

Stinkard,  «.     Teledu  {Mydaus  meliceps). 

Stink-stone,  n.     Swine-stone. 

Stink-trap,  «.     Cesspool,  stench-trap. 

Stint,  V.  a.     I.    Limit,  bound,  restrain,  confine. 
2.   Straiten,  pinch,  distress,  begrudge,  put  on 
short  allowance. 

Stint,  V.  n.     Stop,  cease,  desist. 

Stint,  n.     I.   Limit,  bound,  restraint. 
2.   Quantity  assigned,  allotted  portion. 

Stipe,  H.     I.    Base  of  a  frond,  stem. 

2.  Stalk  (e/"<»//j/«/). 

3.  Stem  (of  a  mushroom  or  fungus). 

4.  Trunk  of  a  tree. 

Stipend,  n.  Salary,  wages,  allowance,  pay,  hire, 
compensation,  remuneration,  emolument,  fee, 
honorariu*n. 

Stipple,  V.  a.     Engrave  (by  dots,  instead  0/  lines). 

Stiptic,  n.    See  Styptic. 

Stipulate,  v.  n.  Bargain,  agree,  contract,  engage, 
covenant,  provide,  setde  terms. 

Stipulation,  ».     Bargain,  agreement,  contract,  en- 


STIR 


409 


STOOL 


gagement,  obligation,  covenant,  indenture,  con- 
cordat, pact,  convention. 
Stir,  V,  a.     I,    Move. 

2.  Agitate,  disturb. 

3.  Discuss,  argue,  moot,  start,  raise,  agitate, 
bring  into  debate. 

4.  Instigate,  incite,  excite,  rouse,  arouse, 
awaken,  prompt,  stimulate,  provoke,  animate, 
goad,  spur,  stir  up,  set  on. 

Stir,  V.  n.  I.  Move,  budge,  go,  change  place, 
change  one's  position,  move  one's  seif. 

2.  Be  active,  be  in  motion. 

3.  Appear,  happen,  turn  up,  come  into  notice. 

4.  {CoUog.)  Rise  {front  bed  intht  morning), 
get  up. 

Stir,  «.  I.  Agitation,  tumult,  bustle,  excitement, 
confusion,  hurry,  movement,  activity,  flurry,  ado, 
fidget,  fuss. 

2.  Disorder,  tumult,  uproar,  commotion,  pub- 
lic disturbance,  seditious  commotion. 

3.  Agitation  of  mind,  conflict  of  passions. 
Stir-about,  «.     Porridge. 

Stirring,  a.  I.  Active,  lively,  brisk,  smart,  in- 
dustrious, diligent. 

2.  Animating,  arousing,  awakening,  stimu- 
lating, quickening,  exciting. 

Stir  up.  I.  Incite,  instigate,  animate,  put  in  ac- 
tion, excite,  quicken,  awaken,  move,  rouse,  pro- 
voke, stimulate. 

2.  Disturb. 

3.  Begin,  put  into  action. 

4.  Quicken,  enliven. 

StitCb,  V.  a.     I.   Sew,  sew  together. 

2.    Make  stitches  in. 
Stithy,  n.    [Written  also  Stythy.'\    Smithy,  smith - 

ery,  smith's  shop,  forge. 
Stive,  V.  a.     I.    Stow,  stuff  close. 

2.  Make  hot,  close,  or  sultry. 

3.  Stew,  seethe,  boil  gently. 
Stoak,  V.  a.     {Naut)     Stop,  choke. 

Stoat,  n.     Ermine  {Mustela  ermined),  meniver. 
Stock,   «.     I.  Trunk  (fij    a    tree\    stipe,    stalk, 
stem. 

2.  Post,  pillar,  block,  log. 

3.  Dolt,  dullard,  dunce, blockhead,  fool,  block, 
stick,  dunderhead,  numskull,  loggerhead,  clod. 

4.  Handle  {of  an  instrument),  haft. 

5.  Cravat,  neckcloth. 

6.  Race,  lineage,  pedigree,  parentage,  ances- 
try, family,  line,  descent,  house. 

7.  Capital,  fund,  invested  property,  principal. 

8.  Store,  supply,  accumulation,  provision, 
hoard,  reserve. 

9.  Live-stock,  domestic  animals  {on  a  farm). 
Stock,  V.  a.     I.  Store,  supply,  furnish,  fill. 

2.  Reserve,  save,  garner,  hoard,  reposit,  ac- 
cumulate, lay  in,  treasure  up,  lay  by,  lay  up. 

Stock,  a.     Standard,  permanent,  standing. 

Stock-dove,  n.  Wild  pigeon  {of  Europe),  wood- 
pigeon  {Columba  anas). 

Stock-exchange,  «.     Stock-market. 

Stockholder,  «.     Shareholder. 

StOCkish,  a.     Stupid,  blockish,  stolid. 

StOCk-johher,  a.  Speculator  in  stocks,  trader  in 
stocks. 

Stock-market,  «.     I.   Stock-exchange. 
2.   Cattle-market. 

Stocks,  «.  pi.  I,  Funds  {invested  in  joint-stock 
enterprises  or  in  the  obligations  of  a  Govern- 
ment), public  funds,  public  securities. 

2.  shares  {in  joint-stock  companies,  or  in 
the  obligations  of  a  Government). 

Stock-still,  a.  Stone-still,  perfectly  still,  motion- 
less, still  as  a  post. 

Stocky,  «.  {Colloq.)  Stout,  plump,  chubbed, 
stubby,  short  and  thick,  stubbed. 

Stoic,  ».     Follower  of  Zeno,  Stoical  philosopher. 


Stoic,      )  a.  Passionless,  apathetic,  unimpassioned, 
Stoical,  )      imperturbable,    philosophic,   Platonic, 

cool,  indifferent,   cold,  cold-blooded,   impassive, 

impassible,  patient. 
Stoicism,  n.    I.   Stoical    philosophy,   philosophy 

of  Zeno. 
2.    Apathy,  insensibility,  coolness,  indifference, 

coldness,     phlegm,    cold    blood,    impassibility, 

nonchalance. 
Stole,  «.     {Bot.)    Sucker,  stolon. 
Stolen,  a.     I.   Purloined,  pilfered,  filched,  taken 

wrongfully. 

2.    Furtive,    stealthy,    surreptitious,     clandes- 
tine, secret,  sly. 
Stolid,    a.     Stupid,    dull,    heavy,    doltish,    slow, 

foolish,  blockish,  obtuse,  stockish. 
Stolidity,  «.     Stupidity,  dulness,  foolishness,  dolt- 

ishness,  obtuseness,  stolidness. 
Stolidness,  «.  See  Stolidhy. 
stoma,  «.  \.Q,x.  pi,  Stomata.\   I.    Vort  {in  plants\ 

breathing-pore,  stomate- 
2.   Breathing-hole  {in  articulate  animals). 
Stomach,  n.     I.   Appetite. 

2.    Inclination,  desire,  taste,  liking,  relish. 
Stomach,   v.  a.     {CoUoq.)     Brook,    endure,  bear, 

tolerate,  abide,  swallow,  stand,  submit  to,  suffer, 

put  up  with. 
Stomachal,  a.    Good  for  the  stomach.     See  Sto- 
machic, a,  2. 
Stomachal,  «.     See  Stomachic,  n. 
Stomachic,  n.    Cordial,  medicine  for  the  stomach, 

stomachal. 

iSfchickl,}-     I.   Of  the  stomach. 

2.    Stomachal,  cordial,  wholesome,  tonic,  salu- 
tary, good  for  the  stomach. 
Stone,  n.     I.    Rock,  pebble,  bowlder. 

2.  Gem,  jewel,  precious  stone. 

3.  Gravestone,  tombstone,   monument,    ceno- 
taph, monumental  tablet. 

4.  Uni  (of  a  drupe). 

5.  Vesical  calculus. 

6.  Testicle. 

7.  Adamant,  flint,  marble. 
Stone,  V.  a.     I.    Pelt  with  stones. 

2.  Face  with  stone,  line  with  stone. 

3.  Free  from  stones,  stein. 
Stone-bed,  «.    Quarry,  stone-pit. 
Stone-blind,  a.     Totally  blind,  sightless. 
Stone-break,  «.    {Bot.)    Saxifrage. 
Stone-coal,    «.     Anthracite,    blind-coal,     glance- 
coal,  hard-coal. 

Stone-cold,  a.     Cold  as  stone. 

Stone-crop,  «.     {Bot.)    Orpine. 

Stone-curlew,  «.  Stone-plover,  thick-kneed 
plover,  bustard,  thick-knee  {CEdicnemus  crepi- 
tans). 

Stone-deaf,  a.     Deaf  as  a  post,  totally  deaf. 

Stone-fruit,  «.    Drupe. 

Stone-lily,  «.     Encrinite  {Encrinus  liliaformis). 

Stone-oil,  n.     Rock-oil,  petroleum,  mineral  oil. 

Stone-pit,  n.     Quarry,  stone-bed,  stone-quarry. 

Stone-plover,  n.    See  Stone-curlew. 

Stone's  cast.     See  Stone's  throw. 

Stone's  throw.  Stone's  cast,  short  distance, 
few  steps. 

Stone-sull,  a.    See  Stock-still. 

Stone-weed,  n.  Red-root  {Lithospermum  ar- 
vense). 

Stony,  a.     I.   Hard,  petrous,  gritty. 

2.   Obdurate,     inflexible,     cruel,    unrelenting, 
pitiless,  hard,  adamantine,  flinty. 

Stony-hearted,  a.  Cruel,  unfeeling,  pitiless,  re- 
morseless, hard-hearted,  inexorable. 

StOOk,  n.     Shock  (of  corn),  hattock,  stuckle. 

Stool,  n.     I.    Seat  {without  a  back). 

2.  Discharge  {from  the  bowels),  evacuation. 


STOOL-PIGEON 


407 


STRAIGHTFORWARD 


Stool-pigeon^  «.  I.  Decoy-pigeon,  decoy  {^or 
game). 

2.  Decoy,  inveigler,  decoyer,  inveigling  ac- 
complice, cat's-paw. 

StOOPt  V.  ft.  I.  Couch,  bend  forward,  bend  down, 
lean  forward,  lean. 

2.  Yield,  submit,  succumb,  surrender,  give  in, 
cower. 

3.  Condescend,  descend. 

4.  Swoop,  descend,  come  down,  bear  down 

5.  Sink,  fall. 

Stoop,  V.  a.     Lower,  abase,  bow,  bend  down,  bend 

forward,  sink. 
Stoop,  «.     I.    Inclination,  bend,  act  of  stooping. 

2.  Condescension,  descent. 

3.  Swoop,  descent. 

4.  Flagon,  bowl,  cup,  mug,  tankard. 

5.  [U.  S-l  Doorsteps,  porch,  steps,  outer 
stair. 

StOpt  V.  a.     I.  Close,  close  up. 

2.  Obstruct,  close  up,  render  impassable, 
block,  close,  blockade. 

3.  Hinder,  impede,  shut  in,  bring  to  a  stand- 
still, stay,  check. 

4.  Hinder,  repress,  restrain,  suppress,  obstruct, 
stay,  intercept,  preclude,  thwart,  impede,  inter- 
rupt, lay  an  embargo  on,  prevent,  delay, 

5.  Leave,  cease  from,  desist  from,  refrain  from, 
leave  off,  make  an  end  of,  discontinue,  have 
done  with,  give  over. 

6.  Suspend,  arrest,  intermit,  discontinue, 
quiet,  put  an  end  to,  end,  terminate. 

Stop,  V.  n.  I.  Be  at  a  stand-still,  come  to  a 
stand,  come  to  a  stand-still,  come  to  a  dead  lock, 
cease  progress,  halt,  stand  still. 

2.  Cease,  desist,  forbear,  leave  off,  break  off. 

3.  {Colloq.,  U.  S.)  Tarry,  stay,  lodge,  take 
lodgings,  have  lodgings. 

StoPt  n.     I.   Pause,  rest,  intermission. 

2.  Interruption,  repression,  cessation,  obstruc- 
tion, hindrance,  check. 

3.  Impediment,  obstacle,  obstruction. 

4.  Point,  mark  of  punctuation. 
StOp-COCkf  n.     Cock,  tap,  faucet. 

StOppas^e,  n.  Obstruction,  hindrance,  interrup- 
tion, prevention. 

Stopper,  n.     Stopple,  plug. 

Store,  «-  I.  Stock,  supply,  fund,  hoard,  treasure, 
treasury,  provision,  accumulation. 

2.  Abundance,  plenty,  great  quantity,  great 
number. 

3.  Warehouse,  magazine,  storehouse,  reposi- 
tory, depot. 

4.  Shop. 

StorCf  V.  a.     I.   Gamer,  hoard,  husband,  deposit, 
save,  reserve,  treasure  up,  lay  in,  lay  up,  lay  by, 
set  by,  store  up,  lay  in  store. 
2.   Supply,  furnish,  stock,  replenish,  provide. 

Storebovae,  ».  Magazine,  warehouse,  repository, 
store,  depot 

Stores,  «.  //.     Supplies, 

Storge.  «.  [Gr.)  Parental  love,  instinctive  affec- 
tion \for  offspring),  philoprogenitiveness. 

Storm,  n.  I.  Tempest,  gale,  hurricane,  tornado, 
squall,  whirlwind,  violent  wind  (usually  accom- 
panied with  rain,  kail,  or  snow). 

2.  Disturbance,  agitation,  commotion,  tumult, 
turmoil,  clamor,  sedition,  insurrection,  outbreak. 

3.  Calamity,  adversity,  distress,  affliction. 

4.  Attack,  assault,  onslaught,  onset,  first 
brunt. 

5.  Violence,  tumultuous  force. 

Storm,  V.  a.  Attack  {with  violence,  as  a  fortifi- 
cation'), assault. 

Storm,  V.  n.     I.    Blow  violently  (w/VA  or  without 
rain,  hail,  or  snow). 
2.  Rage,  fume,  rant,  tear. 


Stormlness,    n.    Tempestuousness,    inclemency, 

roughness. 
Stormy,    a.     I.     Tempestuous,     windy,      gusty, 

squally,  boisterous,  blustering. 

2.  Violent,  passionate,  rough,  wild. 

3.  Furious,  agitated,  blustering. 

Stormy  petrel.  Mother  Carey's  chicken,  storm- 
bird,  stormfinch,  storm-petrel  (Procellaria 
Pelagica). 

Story,  w.     I.    History,  chronicle,  record. 

2.  Narration,  narrative,  recital,  relation,  re- 
hearsal, account,  statement,  tale,  record. 

3.  Fiction,  fable,  romance,  novel. 

4.  Anecdote,  incident,  tale,  legend 

5.  (Colloq.)  Falsehood,  untruth,  lie,  fib, 
fabrication,  invention,  fiction,  figment,  fable, 
canard. 

6.  Floor,  loft. 
Story-teller,  «.     I.   Raconteur. 

2.    Historian  {in  contempt). 
Stout,  a.     I.    Strong,   sinewy,  brawny,    athletic, 
lusty,    robust,   sturdy,   stalwart,   vigorous,  able- 
bodied. 

2.  Brave,  valiant,  valorous,  intrepid,  bold, 
manful,  manly,  resolute,  gallant,  firm,  indomi- 
table, hardy,  courageous,  dauntless,  doughty. 

3.  Proud,  resolute,  obstinate,  stubborn,  con- 
tumacious. 

4.  Firm,  strong,  solid,  strongly  built,  hardy, 
compact,  sturdy,  stanch. 

5.  Large,  corpulent,  obese,  strapping,  bounc- 
ing, portly,  chubby,  jolly,  burly,  plump,  fat,  in 
good  case,  thick-set. 

Stout-hearted,  a.  Brave,  valiant,  valorous, 
courageous,  resolute,  gallant,  intrepid,  fearless, 
heroic,  manly,  dauntless,  redoubtable. 

Stove-pipe,  «.     Funnel. 

Stow,  V.  a.  Pack,  stuff,  stive,  wedge  in,  put  in 
compactly. 

Strabism,  «.     See  Strabismus. 

Strabismus,  n.  Squinting,  strabism,  cast  of  the 
eye,  obliquity  of  vision. 

Straddle,  v.  a.     Bestride. 

Straggle,  v.  n,     I.    Rove,  wander. 

2.  Ramble,  stroll,  range,  roam,  wander, 
deviate,  stray,  rove,  digress,  gad  about,  go  out  of 
the  way,  go  astray. 

Straggler,  «.     l.   Wanderer,  rover. 

2.  Rambler,  strayer,  stroller,  vagrant,  vaga- 
bond, nomad,  bird  of  passage. 

Straggling,  a  I.  Roving,  rambling,  straying, 
strolling,  wandering. 

2.  Scattered,  occurring  here  and  there. 

3.  Isolated,  solitary. 
Strablstein,  «.     ActinoUte,  ray-stone. 
Straight,  a.     I.   Rectilinear,  direct,  short,  near, 

right,  undeviating,  unswerving. 

2.  Vertical,  upright,  erect,  perpendicular, 
right. 

3.  Tight,  narrow,  close.     See  Strait. 

4.  Just,  fair,  honorable,  straightforward, 
honest,  equitable. 

Strail^ht,  ad.  Immediately,  directly,  forthwith, 
straightway,  at  once,  without  delay. 

Straight-edge,  «.     Strike,  strickle. 

Straighten,  v.  a.     Make  straight. 

Strai§:htforward,  a.  I.  Direct,  undeviating, 
straight 

2.  Truthful,  veracious,  reliable,  trustwor- 
thy. 

3.  Honest,  honorable,  equitable,  fair,  just, 
square,  even-handed,  upright,  straight,  consci- 
entious. 

4.  Artless,  ingenuous,  frank,  sincere,  candid, 
honest,  guileless,  outspoken,  true-hearted. 

Straightforward,  ad.  Directly,  in  a  straight  line, 
without  turning  to  the  right  or  to  the  left. 


STRAIGHTWAY 


408 


STRENGTH 


Straightway,  ad.    Immediately,  directly,  without 

delay,  straight,  at  once,  forthwith. 
Straik,  «.    See  Strake. 
Strain,   v.   a.     I.    Stretch,   draw    tightly,    make 

tense,  make  tight,  tighten. 

2.  Wrench,  sprain,  injure  by  stretching. 

3.  Exert  (,to  the  utmost),  put  to  the  utmost 
strength. 

4.  Pervert  {Jront  the  true  intent)^  push  too 
far. 

5.  Squeeze,  press,  embrace,  hug,  fold  tightly 
in  the  arms. 

6.  Force,  constrain,  compel. 

7.  Filter,  purify  {by  filtration),  filtrate,  perco- 
late. 

8.  Fatigue,  over-exert,  tire,  over-task,  over- 
work. 

Strain,  v  «.     I.   Try  hard,  make  great  efforts. 
2.   Percolate,  filter,  be  filtered,  be  strained. 
Strain,  n,     I.    Extreme  tension. 

2.  Over-exertion,  violent  effort,  great  exer- 
tion. 

3.  Sprain,  wrench. 

4.  Tune,  melody,  movement. 

5.  Poem,  lay,  song,  sonnet. 

6.  Style,  manner 

7.  Turn,  tendency,  disposition,  inborn  dispo- 
sition. 

8.  Bearing,  conduct,  port,  rnanner  of  action. 

9.  Stock,  race,  descent,  family,  lineage,  pedi- 
gree, descent,  extraction. 

Strait,  a.  I.  Narrow,  close,  contracted,  con- 
stricted, constrained,  confined. 

2.  Strict,  rigorous,  rigid,  severe. 

3.  Difficult,  distressful,  straitened,  grievous. 
Strait,   a.     I.    Narrow  pass   {especially  between 

two  seas),  gut,  narrows. 

2.   Distress,    difficulty,    perplexity,    dilemma, 
embarrassment,     pinch,     exigency,     emergency, 
critical  situation,  distressing  necessity,  pass. 
Straiten,  v.  a.     I.   Confine,  limit,  constrict,  con- 
tract, constrain. 

2.  Narrow. 

3.  Stretch,  straighten,  make  tight  or  tense. 

4.  Distress,  perplex,  pinch,  embarrass,  press. 
Straitened,    a.      Distressed,    perplexed,    embar- 
rassed, pinched,  limited. 

Strait-jacket, «.     Strait-waistcoat. 

Strait-laced,  a.  Strict,  rigid,  formal,  stiff, 
stern,  rigorous,  austere,   uncompromising. 

Straitness,  «.  I.  Strictness,  rigor,  severity,  nar- 
rowness. 

2.  Difficulty,  distress,  trouble. 

3.  Want,  scarcity,  insufficiency,  narrowness. 
Strait-waistcoat,  «.     Strait-jacket. 

Strake,  «  (Ship  building.)  Streak,  range  of 
planks  (on  the  side  of  a  vessel). 

S^amonium,  «.  Thorn-apple,  stramony,  James- 
town weed,  apple-Peru  {Datura  stramonium). 

Stramony,  «.     See  Stramonium. 

Strand,  «.     Beach,  shore,  coast. 

Strand,  v.  n.  Run  aground,  get  ashore,  be 
wrecked,  be  cast  away. 

Stranded,  a.  Aground,  ashore,  wrecked,  cast 
away. 

Strange,  a.     I.  Foreign,  outlandish,  exotic,  alien. 

2.  New,  novel. 

3.  Unusual,  uncommon,  irregular,  odd,  singu- 
lar, peculiar,  particular,  exceptional,  rare,  extra- 
ordinary, curious. 

4.  Unnatural,  abnormal,  anomalous,  extraor- 
dinary, wonderful,  inexplicable,  marvellous,  pre- 
ternatural, unaccountable,  mysterious,  unique, 
unheard  of,  out  of  the  way. 

5.  Odd,  eccentric,  queer,  peculiar,  bizarre. 

6.  Unacquainted,  unknown,  unfamiliar. 
Stranceness,  n.    I.  Foreignness. 


2.  Distance,    reserve,  coldness,  shyness,  un- 
communicativeness. 

3.  Uncouthness,  oddness,  singularity,   eccen- 
tricity, grotesqueness. 

4.  Estrangement,  alienation,  mutual  dislike. 

5.  Wonderfulness,     marvellousness,     uncom- 
monness. 

Stranger,  «.     I.   Foreigner,  alien. 

2.    Guest,  visitor,  visitant. 
Stranger,  a.     I.    Foreign,  alien. 

2.   Unacquainted,  unknown. 
Strangle,  v.  a.     I.   Choke,  throttle,  suffocate. 

2.    Suppress,  keep  back. 
Strap,  n.     I.   Thong. 

2.  Strop,  razor-strap,  razor-strop. 

3.  Ligature,  tie,  band. 

Strap,  V.  a.     I.    Whip  (with  a  strap). 

2.  Bind  (with  a  strap),  fasten. 

3.  Strop,  sharpen  (on  a  strap). 
Strapping,  a.     (Collog.)    Large,  burly,  stout,  tall, 

strong,  big,  lusty,  stalwart. 

Strata,  «.  pi.  [L.  sing,  stratum.^  Layers  {as  of 
rocks),  beds. 

Stratagem,  «.  Artifice,  device,  manoeuvre,  in- 
trigue, wile,  trick,  fetch,  dodge,  crafty  device, 
machination,  plot,  plan,  scheme,  artful  contriv- 
ance, stroke  of  policy,  finesse,  ruse. 

StrategetiCS,  «.//.     Strategy,  generalship. 

Strategist,  »-  Skilful  general,  adroit  tactician, 
expert  manoeuvrer. 

Strategy,  «.  Generalship,  strategetics,  tactics, 
military  science. 

Stratified,  a.     In  strata,  in  layers. 

Stratum,  «.     [L.  //.  strata.^    Layer,  bed. 

Straw,  «.  I.  Stalk,  stem  or  culm  (of  grain  after 
being  thrashed). 

2.   Fig,    pin,    button,  rush,   penny,   farthing, 
snap. 

Straw,  V.  a.    See  Strew. 

Straw-colored,  a.  Yellowish,  strawy,  stramin- 
eous. 

Strawy,  a.     I.   Of  straw,  stramineous. 
2.   Straw-colored,  stramineous. 

Stray,   v.   n.     I.    Wander,   rove,  ramble,   range, 
roam,  straggle,  stroll,  deviate,  digress,  go  out  of 
the  way,  go  astray. 
2.    Swerve  {from  rectitude),  err. 

Stray,  «.     Estray. 

Stray,  a.  {Collog.)  Strayed,  wandering,  gone 
astray. 

Strayer,  «.  Wanderer,  rambler,  rover,  stroller, 
vagrant,  straggler,  vagabond,  nomad,  bird  of 
passage. 

Streak,  n.    I.  Stripe. 
2.   See  Strakb. 

Streak,  v.  a.    Stripe. 

Streaked,  a.     Striped,  streaky. 

Streaky,  a.     Striped,  streaked. 

Stream,  n.     I.   Current,  course,  flow,  rush,  tide. 

2.  River,  rivulet,  brook,  run. 

3.  Current,  drift,  tendency,  tide. 
Stream,  v.  n.     I.   Flow,  run,  glide,  pour. 

2.  Shed,  pour  out,  emit. 

3.  Issue,  radiate,  go  forth. 

4.  Extend,  stretch  out. 

Streamer,  «.  Pennon,  banner,  flag,  ensign,  stand- 
ard, colors. 

Streamlet,  «.  Rill,  brook,  rivulet,  runlet,  runnel, 
run,  small  stream,  burn. 

Street,  «.     Road,  highway,  public  way,  way. 

Street-walker,  «.     Common  prostitute. 

Strength,  n.  I.  Power,  might,  force,  potency, 
puissance,  nerve,  vigor. 

2.  Solidity,  toughness,  hardness. 

3.  Impregnability. 

4.  Lustiness,  brawniness,  robustness,    stout- 


STRENGTHEN 


409 


STRIKE  UP 


5.  Fortitude,  courage,  spirit,  animation,  firm- 
ness, resolution. 

6.  Validity,  cogency,  efficacy,  soundness. 

7.  Vigor  {of  style),   energy,  nervous  diction, 
serve,  force. 

8.  Support,  security,  stay 

9.  Intensity,  brightness,  brilliance,  clearness, 
▼ividness. 

10.  Spirit,  virtue,  excellence,  potency. 

11.  Vehemence,  force,  impetuosity,  violence. 

12.  Energy,  boldness,  vigor. 

13.  Armament,  force. 

Strensftlieil,  v.  a.    I.  Make  strong,  make  stronger, 
give  strength  to,  add  strength  to. 

2.  Fortify. 

3.  Harden,  brace,  nerve,  steel. 

4.  Intensify,  make  more  intense. 

5.  Invigorate,  impart  health  to. 

6.  Animate,  encourage,  fix  in  resolution. 

7.  Confirm,  corroborate,  establish,  justify,  sus- 
tain, suppoit,  fix. 

Strengthen,  v.  n.     Grow  strong. 
Strengthening,  a.     I.    Fortifying,  bracing. 

2.   Invigorating,  roborant,  tonic. 
Strenuous,  a.     I.  Zealous,  ardent,  earnest,  active, 
vigorous,  resolute,  energetic,  eager. 

2.  Vigorous,  spirited,  bold,  valiant,  intrepid, 
strong,  determined,  resolute,  doughty. 
Strenuously,  ad.  I.  Earnestly,  ardently,  eagerly, 
vigorously,  zealously,  resolutely,  energetically, 
actively,  with  all  one's  might,  with  might  and 
main,  tooth  and  nail,  through  thick  and  thin, 
through  fire  and  water,  hammer  and  tongs, 
Pugnis  et  calcibus. 

2.   Boldly,  courageously,  valiantly,  intrepidly, 
bravely. 

I.   Force,  strain. 

2.  Violence,  mclemency,  boisterousness,    se- 
verity. 

3.  Pressure,  urgency. 

4.  Importance,  significance,  weight,  force. 

5.  Emphasis,  accent. 

Stretch,  v.  a.     I.    Strain,  tighten,  make  tense. 

2.  Extend,  lengthen,  elongate,  draw  out. 

3.  Reach,  stretch  forth,  hold  out,  extend,  put 
forth. 

4.  Spread,  expand,  unfold,  display. 

5.  Strain,  sprain. 

6.  Exaggerate,  extend  too  far,  strain. 
Stretch,  v.  «•     Extend,  reach,  be  drawn  out. 
Stretch,  n.    I.  Extent,  extension,  reach,  compass, 

range. 

2.  Effort,  struggle,  strain,  exertion. 

3.  Course,  direction. 

Stretcher,  «.    Litter. 

Strew,  V.  a.     I.   Scatter,  spread,  strow. 

2.   Cover,  overspread. 
Stria,  ».     \V..  pi.  S trice. ^     Furrow,  groove,  chan- 
nel. 

Striated   I  ^'     Channelled,  furrowed,  grooved. 

Stricken,   a.     I.   Struck,   smitten,   wounded,    af- 
flicted. 

2.   Advanced  {in  years),  far  gone,  worn  out, 
aged,  venerable,  time-worn. 

Stricken  hour.     Whole  hour,  entire  hour. 

Strickle,    «.     [Written    also    Sirikle.]     Strike, 
straight-edge. 

Strict,  a.     I.  Tight,  strained,  tense,  close. 

2.  Tense. 

3.  Exact,  accurate,  precise,  very  nice,  careful, 
scrupulous,  particular,  close. 

4.  Severe,  rigorous,  stringent,   stem,  austere, 
harsh,  uncompromising,  strait-laced. 

5.  Confined,  limited,  restricted,  exact. 
Stricture,   «.     I.  Animadversion,  censure,  criti- 
cism, critical  remark. 


2.  (Med.)  Contraction  {of  some  duct,  as  th« 
oesophagus),  drawmg. 

Stride,  «.    Long  step. 

Stride,  v.  n.     Take  long  steps. 

Stride,  V.  a.     Bestride. 

Stridor,  «.  [L.J  Grating,  creaking,  jarring,  harsh 
sound. 

StridulOUS,  a.     Grating,  harsh,  creaking. 

Strife,  n.  I.  Contention,  contest,  conflict,  strug- 
gle, quarrel,  discord. 

2.  Contrariety,  opposition,  disagreement. 

3.  Emulation,  competition. 

Strike,  v.  a.  I.  Smite,  beat,  hit,  knock,  pound, 
give  a  blow  to. 

2.  Slap,  smite,  buffet,  beat,  pound,  thump, 
cuff. 

3.  Cast,  dash,  hurl. 

4.  Impress,  imprint,  stamp. 

5.  Mint,  coin. 

6.  Thrust,  shoot. 

7.  Thrust,  force,  drive,  impel. 

8.  Deal,  inflict,  give. 

9.  Cause  {by  a  sudden  impulse),  produce. 

10.  Impress  {sitddenly),  affect. 

11.  Lower  {as  a  sait),  take  down,  haul  down. 

12.  Punish,  afflict,  smite,  chastise. 

13.  Sound,  cause  to  sound. 

14.  Make,  ratify,  conclude. 

15.  Run  on,  ground  on,  hit. 
Strike,  v.  «.     I.  Deal  a  blow. 

2.  Hit,  clash,  dash,  collide,  touch,  come  in 
contact. 

3.  Sound  {by  percussion),  be  struck. 

4.  Dart,  penetrate,  pass  quickly,  shoot. 

5.  Be  stranded,  run  aground. 

6.  Yield,  surrender,  strike  the  flag. 

7.  [Modern.']  Rebel,  mutiny,  rise,  quit  work 
(i«  order  to  extort  higher  wages). 

8.  Touch. 

9.  Break  forth,  begin  suddenly,  burst. 
Strike,  n.     I.   Stroke. 

2.  Strickle,  straight-edge,  strikle 

3.  Suspension  of  work  {in  order  to  extort 
higher  wages),  mutiny,  revolt. 

Strike  an  account.  \  p.,i..„^„  „ 
Strike  a  ledger.  (  Balance  .t. 
Strike  at.    Attempt  to  strike,  aim  a  blow  at,  try 

to  hit. 
Strike  for.     Start  suddenly  for,  make  for,  move 

toward,  go  toward. 
Strike  hands  with.     I.    Shake  hands  with. 

2.   Agree  with,  make  a  bargain  with,  join. 
Strike  home.     Deal  an  effective  blow. 
Strike  in.     I.    Enter  suddenly. 

2.  Interpose,  interrupt. 

3.  Recede  {from  the  surface),  disappear. 
Strike  in  with.     Side  with,  take  part  with,  con- 
form to,  suit  itself  to,  join  with  at  once. 

Strike  off.     I.    Cut  off  \by  a  blow),  separate. 

2.  Erase  {from  an  account),  strike  out,  re- 
move. 

3.  Print  {as  copies  of  a  book),  impress. 
Strike  out.     {Active.)     I.   Produce  {by  a  blow), 

force  out. 

2.  Erase,  efface,  expunge,  blot  out,  strike  off. 

3.  Devise,  contrive,  invent,  plan. 

4.  Bring  to  light. 

Strike  out.     {Neuter.)     Rove,  wander,  make  a 

sudden  excursion. 
Strike  sail.      Stop,  stop  progress,  go  no  farther, 

cease  to  advance. 
Strike  the  iron  while  it  Is  hot.    Seize  the  oc- 

casion,  let  not   the   opportunity  slip,  make   hay 

while  the  sun  shines. 
Strike  up.     I.   Begin  to  beat  {as  drums),  cause  to 

sound 
2.   Begin  to  play  or  sing. 


STRIKING 


410 


STUBBORN 


StrHdng,  a      Affecting,    impressive,    surprising, 
astonishing,  wonderful,    extraordinary,    loicible. 
String,  n.     I.    Line,  cord,  thread,  iwiue. 

2.  Ribbon,  fillet. 

3.  Row,  file,  series,  concatenation. 

4.  Chord. 

5.  Fibre. 

6.  Nerve,  tendon,  sinew. 
String,  V.  a.     I.    File,  put  on  a  string. 

2.  Set  in  a  row,  put  in  line. 

3.  Strengthen,  fortify,  make  firm,  mike  tense. 
Stringent,  a.     I.    Binding,  contracting. 

2.   Strict,  rigid,  severe,  rigorous. 
String-halt,  «.     Spring-halt. 
Stringy,  a.     I.    Fibrous,  filamentous. 

2.   Ropy,  viscid,  viscous,  glutinous,  adhesive, 
smeary,  dauby,  gluey,  tough,  tenacious. 
Strip,  V.  a.     I.    Tear  off,  pull  off,  strip  o£E. 

2.  Uncover,  denude,  peel,  lay  bare. 

3.  Divest,   deprive,   bereave,   despoil,  fleece, 
shave,  make  destitute. 

4.  Unrig,  dismantle. 

5.  Rob,  plunder,  pillage,  spoil,  sack,  ransack, 
devastate,  desolate,  lay  waste. 

6.  Fleece,  rob,  plunder,  despoil. 

7.  Milk  dry. 

Strip,   V.   n.      Undress,    uncover,    take    off    the 

clothes. 
Strip,  n.     Piece  (Jong  and  narrow,  torn  off),  slip, 

shred. 
Stripe,  V.  a.     Streak. 
Stripe,  «.     I.    Streak, 

2.  Stroke  {with  a  lash),  blow,  lash. 

3.  Wale,  mark  of  the  lash. 
Striped,  a.     Streaked. 

Striped  alder.    Witch-hazel. 
striped  squirrel.     Hackee,  chipmunk, 
strip  from.     Take  away  from. 
Stripling,  «.     Lad,  boy,  youth. 
Strip  off.     I.   Pull  off,  take  oflF. 

2.  Cast  off. 
StrlppingS,  «.  pi.     Stmkings. 
Stritchel,  «.     See  Strickle. 
Strive,  v.  n.     I.    Labor,  endeavor,  toil,  struggle, 

try,  aim,  exert  one's  self,  make  an  effort,  do  one's 

best,  lay  one's  self  out. 

2.  Contend,  contest,  fight,  have  a  contest. 

3.  Compete,  cope,   strive    together,   contend, 
struggle. 

4.  {Poetical.)      Vie,    compete,    compare,    be 
comparable. 

Stroblline,  a.     Cone-shaped,  strobiliform,  strobila- 

ceous. 
Stroke,  «.      I.    Blow,  knock,  rap,  pat,  hit,  thump 

2.  Attack,  shock. 

3.  Affliction,  reverse,  calamity,  hardship,  mis- 
fortune, visitation. 

4.  Touch,  dash,  sudden  effort,  sudden  effect. 
Stroke,  v.  a.     Rub  gently  (with  the  hands,  in  one 

direction). 

StrokingS,  «.  //.     Strippings. 

Stroll,  V.  n.  Wander,  ramble,  rove,  roam,  strag- 
gle, stray,  range,  wander  about,  stray  about. 

StroU,  «.  Ramble,  walk,  promenade,  excursion, 
trip,  tour,  wandering,  rambling,  roving. 

Stroller,  «.  Wanderer,  rambler,  rover,  strayer, 
straggler,  vagrant,  vagabond,  nomad,  bird  of 
passage. 

Strolling,  a.  Wandering,  roving,  vagrant,  no- 
madic. 

Strong,  a.  I.  Vigorous,  robust,  sturdy,  athletic, 
brawny,  sinewy,  muscular,  stalwart,  Herculean, 
able-bodied,  hardy,  stout,  lusty,  powerful. 

2.  Hale,  sound,    robust,   firm,   solid,  able   to 
endure,  healthy,  hardy,  stout,  tough. 

3.  Able,   capable,    efficient,    mighty,    potent, 
powerful,  puissant. 


4.  Firm,  solid,  compact,  impregnable,  secure, 
well  fortified 

5.  Energetic,  vivid,  intense,  forcible,  bold. 

6.  Violent,  impetuous,  vehement,  foicibie. 

7.  Pungent,  piquant,  biting,  sharp,  racy,  spicy, 
hot,  high-flavored. 

8.  Rank,  strong-smelling. 

9.  Tenacious,  tough,  cohesive,  resisting,  stub- 
born, firm,  compact. 

10.  Cogent,    forcible,    impressive,    conclusive, 
persuasive,  powerful,  influential. 

11.  Ardent,    eager,    zealous,    hearty,    earnest, 
strenuous,  stanch. 

12.  Potent. 

13.  Vivid,  intense,  brilliant,  dazzling. 

14.  Alcoholic  (in  a  high  degree),  intoxicating, 

15.  Substantial,  solid,  difficult  to  digest. 

16.  Valid,  confirmed,  binding. 

17.  Firm,  sound,  stout,  stanch. 
Strong-b02,  «-     Coffer  {/or  money),  safe,  money- 
chest. 

Strong-hand,  «.  Violence,  force,  power, 
strength. 

Stronghold,  «.  Fort,  fortress,  castle,  citadel,  for- 
tification, fastness,  keep,  bulwark,  donjon,  muni- 
ment, fortified  place. 

Strongly,  ad.     I.   Powerfully. 

2.  Firmly. 

3.  Vehemently,    forcibly,     eagerly,    violently> 
earnestly,  strenuously. 

Strong-scented,  a.    See  Stkong-smelling. 

Strong-smelling,  a.  Rank,  fetid,  strong-scented, 
frowsy. 

Strop,  «.     Strap,  razor-strap,  razor-strop. 

Strop,  V-  a.     Strap,  sharpen  (on  a  strap). 

Strow,  V.  a.     See  Strew. 

Structure,  «.  I.  Construction,  make,  form,  ar- 
rangement, conformation,  configuration,  constitu- 
tion, mode  of  building,  manner  of  making. 

2.  Formation,    composition,    arrangement    of 
parts,  texture. 

3.  Edifice,  fabric,  building,  erection,  pile. 
Struggle,  V.  n.      I,    Strive,  labor,  toil,  endeavor, 

try,  aim,  exert  one's  self,  make  an  effort,  do  one's 
best. 

2.  Contend,  contest,  fight,  have  a  contest 

3.  Writhe,  be  in  agony,  labor  in  distress. 
Struggle,  n.     I.    Labor,  endeavor,  effort,  exertion, 

pains. 

2.  Contest,  contention,  conflict,  strife,  fight. 

3.  Contortions,  agony,  distress. 
Strum,  V.  a.     Thrum,  play,  play  upon. 
Struma,  «.     I.   {Med. )    Scrofula,  king's  evil. 

2.   (Bot.)    Swelling,  protuberance. 

strumpet,  «.  Harlot,  prostitute,  whore,  courte- 
san, punk,  wench,  drab,  Cyprian,  street-walker, 
night-walker,  woman  of  the  town,  woman  of  lU 
fame. 

Strumpet,  a.     False,  inconstant. 

Strumpet,  v.  a.     Belie,  slander,  vilify,  malign 

Strut,  V.  n.     Walk  (pompously),  swell. 

Strut,  n.     I.    Pompous  walk. 

2.   {Arch.)     Brace,  stretching-piece. 

Strychllia,  «.     Strychnine. 

Stiychnine,  «.     Strychnia. 

Stub,  n.     I.    Stump. 
2.   Log,  block 

Stub,  V.  a.     I.   Eradicate,  grub  up,  extirpate. 

2.   (Colloq.,  US.)  Strike  (as  the  toes,  against 
a  stump,  stone,  etc. ). 

Stubbed,  rt.  Blunt,  obtuse,  truncated,  stubby, 
short  and  thick. 

Stubborn,  a.  I.  Obstinate,  unyielding,  inflex- 
ible, positive,  contumacious,  refractory,  perverse, 
headstrong,  wilful,  dogged,  mulish,  unruly,  un- 


STUBBY 


411 


STURDY 


manageable,  ungovernable,  intractable,  indocile, 
heady,  cross-grained,  obdurate. 

2.  Persevering,   persistent,    steady,   constant, 
unremitting. 

3.  Stiff,  unpliant,  inflexible,  firm,  tough,  bard, 
strong. 

4.  Hardy,  firm,  enduring,  stoical,  uncomplam- 
ing. 

5.  Refractory,  difficult  of  fusion. 

Stubby,   a.      Blunt,   obtuse,    truncated,   stubbed, 

short  and  thick. 
Stucco,  V.  a.     Cover  with  stucco. 
Stucco,  n.     Plaster  {/or  coverme  walls  and  ceil' 

ings\  mortar,  cement. 
Stuckie,  n.    See  Stook. 
Stud,  «.     I.   Post,  prop,  support. 

2.  Knob  {/or  ornament),  boss- 

3.  Button  {/or  a  shirt-bosom). 
Student,  n.     I.    Scholar,  pupil,  learner. 

2.  Scholar,  bookish  man. 

3.  Close  exammer,  observer. 
Stud-horse,  «•     See  Stallion. 

Studied,  a.      I.    Well-considered,   closely  exam- 
ined, carefully  read 

2.  Well-versed,   learned,  qualified  by  study, 
skilled. 

3.  Premeditated,   deliberate,  studious,  prede- 
termined, wilful. 

Studio,  «.     Workshop  {o/an  artist). 

Studious,  a.     I.  Meditative,  reflective,  contempla- 


tive, given  to  study,  thoughtful. 

2.   Dil: 
ous. 


iligent,  assiduous,  eager,   zealous,  desir- 


3.  Planned,  deliberate,  studied,  premeditated. 

4.  {Poetical.)  Thoughtful,  quiet,  sober,  favor- 
able to  study. 

Studious  of.  Careful  of,  attentive  to,  inter- 
ested in. 

Study,  n.  I.  Research,  inquiry,  investigation, 
close  attention,  application  of  mind. 

2.  Meditation,  thought,  reflection,  cogitation, 
studious  mood,  contemplation,  consideration 

3.  Subject  of  attention. 

Study,  V.  n.     I.    Meditate,  muse,  reflect,  cogitate, 

think,  ponder,  apply  the  mmd. 
2.    Be  eager,  be  zealous,  try  hard,  do  one's 

best. 
Study,  V.  a-     I.    Learn,  apply  the  mind  to. 

2.  Investigate,  examine,  scrutinize,  contem- 
plate, ponder,  weigh,  sift,  search  into,  meditate 
on,  think  about,  reflect  upon,  inquire  into,  con- 
sider attentively,  revolve  in  the  mind. 

3.  Con  over,  commit  to  memory,  learn,  get  by 
heart  or  rote. 

Stuff,  tt.  I.  Material,  matter,  substance,  raw 
material. 

2.  Cloth,  textile  fabric. 

3.  Essence,  elemental  part. 

4.  Mixture,  medicine,  potion. 

5.  Refuse,  rubbish,  trash. 

6.  Trash,  nonsense,  absurdity,  folly,  moon- 
shine, twaddle,  balderdash,  fudge,  inanity,  plati- 
tude, flummery. 

Stuff,  V.  a.     I.   Cram,  stow,  pack,  fill  fulL 

2.  Press,  crowd,  squeeze. 

3.  Fill  {by  being  put  into). 

4.  Fill  with  dressing  {as  meat). 

5.  Obstruct  {as  any  of  the  organs). 
Stuff,  V.  n.     Cram,  eat  greedily,  feed. 
Stuffing,  H.     I.   Filling  full. 

2.   Dressing,  force-meat. 

Stuffy,  a.  Musty,  close,  confined,  mouldy-smel- 
ling. 

Stultify,  V.  a.  Make  foolish,  prove  foolish,  make 
a  fool  of. 

Stumble,  v.  a.  I.  Obstruct,  trip,  cause  to 
stumble. 


2.  Perplex,  confound,  puzzle,  nonplus,  con- 
fuse, embarrass,  pose. 

Stumble,  v.  n.     I.  Trip,  miss  one's  footing,  make 
a  false  step. 
2.   Err,  do  wrong. 

Stumble,  ».     I.   Trip,  false  step. 
2.   Error,  blunder,  failure. 

Stumble  on.       i      Fall    upon    by    chance,    light 

Stumble  upon. )  upon,  strike  upon  without 
design. 

Stumbling-block,  n.  Hindrance,  obstruction, 
obstacle,  check,  bar,  barrier,  difficulty,  impedi- 
ment, lion  in  the  way,  stumbling-stone. 

Stumbling-Stone,  «.    See  Stumbling-block. 

Stump,  n.     Stub. 

Stun,  V.  a.  I.  Make  senseless  {by  a  blow),  make 
dizzy. 

2.  Stupefy,  confound,  bewilder,  overcome, 
dizzy,  dumfound,  astonish,  overwhelm,  over- 
power 

3.  Deafen,  make  deaf. 

Stunning,  a.    I.  Deafening,  stentorian,  very  loud. 

2.  Stupefying. 

3.  {CoUoq.)     Striking,  astonishing,  wonderful. 
Stunt,  V.  a.     Dwarf,   stint,   stop   the  growth  of, 

hinder  from  growth. 

Stunted,  a.  Undersized,  dwarfish,  dwarfed,  di- 
minutive, small,  little,  tiny,  Liliputian,  pygmean. 

Stupe,  n.     Fomentation,  sweating  bath. 

Stupe,  V.  a.     Foment,  bathe  with  warm  lotions. 

StUpefacient,  «.  Stupefactiye,  narcotic,  opiate, 
sedative,  anodyne,  anxsthetic,  sleepinj^-draught. 

Stupefaction,  n.     I.   Lethargy,  stupor,  numbness. 
2.    Insensibility,    dulness,  obtuseness,   torpor, 
stupidity. 

Stupefactiye,  a.     Stupefying. 

stupefy,  V.  a.  [Written  also  Stuf>i/y.'\  Dull, 
blunt,  benumb,  muddle,  hebetate,  make  stupid, 
make  dull,  make  torpid. 

Stupef3dng,  a.    Stupefactive. 

Stupendous,  a.    I.   Astonishing,  surprising,  amaz- 
ing,   wonderful,    wondrous,     marvellous,    over- 
whelming, astounding. 
2.   Huge,  vast,  prodigious,  tremendous. 

Stupid,  a.  I.  Senseless,  witless,  dull,  simple, 
doltish,  stolid,  obtuse,  foolish,  sluggish,  insensi- 
ble, brutish,  insensate,  muddy,  muddy-brained, 
muddy-headed,  sottish,  slow  of  apprehension, 
void  of  understanding,  fat-witted. 

2.  Unentertaining,  prosaic,  pointless,  prosy, 
flat,  heavy,  insipid,  tame,  vapid,  bald,  uninterest- 
ing, humdrum,  dull,  foolish,  tiresome,  tedious. 

3.  Stupefiedj  drowsy,  torpid,  heavy,  comatose, 
lethargic,  morbidly  sleepy. 

Stupidity»  «.  I.  Dulness,  obtuseness,  insensi- 
bility, sottishness,  blockishness,  doltishness, 
senselessness,  sluggishness  of  understanding, 
slowness  of  apprehension. 

2.  Lifelessness,  heaviness,  insipidity,  tame- 
ness,  vapidness,  want  of  interest,  stupidness. 

3.  Stupor,  lethargy,  torpor,  stupefaction,  mor- 
bid drowsiness,  coma. 

Stnpify,  V.  a.    See  Sti;pefv. 

Stupor,  «.  Lethargy,  narcosis,  torpor,  numbness, 
coma,  stupefaction. 

Stupration,  «.  {Rare!)  Ravishment,  ravishing, 
rape,  defloration,  violation,  constupration,  stu- 
prum. 

Sturdily,  ad.  Hardily,  stoutly,  lustily,  resolutely, 
obstinately. 

Sturdiness,  n.     Stoutness,  hardiness,  strength. 

Sturdy,  a.  I.  Bold  ( from  coarseness  or  rude- 
ness), obstinate,  dogged,  stubborn,  pertinacious, 
firm,  stiff,  hardy,  persevering. 

2.  Strong,  lusty,  robust,  stout,  stalwart,  ath- 
letic, brawny,  muscular,  hardy,  vigorous,  power- 
ful, forcible,  well-set,  thick-set. 


STUTTER 


412 


SUBLIME 


3.    Stiff,  stout,  strong,  hardy,  firm. 
Stutter,  v.  n.     Stammer,  hesitate,  falter. 
Sty»  «•     I*   Hog-sty,  pig-sty,  swine-pen. 

2.  Tumor  (^«  tfie  edge  of  the  eyelid). 

3.  Place  of  debauchery,  sink  of  corruption. 

4.  Filthy  place,  den,  sink,  Augean  stable, 
slum,  rookery. 

Stygian,  a.     I.    Hellish,  infernal,  diabolical. 

2.  Dark,  Cimmerian,  tenebrous,  sunless,  som- 
bre, gloomy,  murky. 

Style,  «.  I.  Diction,  phraseology,  mode  of  ex- 
pression, mode  of  speech,  turn  of  expression, 
manner  of  writing. 

2.  Manner,  method,  mode,  way,  form,  fash- 
ion, cast,  pattern. 

3.  Title,  appellation,  name,  designation,  de- 
nomination, mode  of  address. 

4.  Gnomon  {of  a  dial),  pin. 

5.  Stylus. 

6.  Graver  or  etching-needle. 

Style,  V.  a.  Denominate,  name,  designate,  call, 
term,  dub,  christen,  characterize,  entitle. 

Stylet,  «.     I.    Stiletto,  poniard,  dagger. 
2.   {Surgery.)     Specillum. 

Stylish,  a.  {Collog.)  Fashionable,  modish,  gen- 
teel, courtly,  in  fashion,  in  vogue,  h  la  mode. 

Stylite,  «.     Pillarist,  pillar  saint. 

Stylus,  n.     [Written  also  Stilus.]     Style. 

S^tiC,  «.  [VVritten  also  Stiptic.\  Astringent 
{to  stop  bleeding). 

Styptic,      \a.     ["NrM^n  a\so   Stiptic,  Stiptical.] 

StSrPtickl,  j      Astringent,  binding,  contracting. 

StS^y,  «.     See  Stithy. 

Suant,  a.     [Local  Eng.  and  U.  S.     Written  also 
Suent.}      I.   Even,   smooth,    uniform,    regular, 
equable,  plain. 
2.    Easy,  quiet,  insinuating. 

Suasion,  «.     See  Persuasion. 

Suasory,  a.     Persuasive,  suasive. 

Suave,  a.  Pleasant,  agreeable,  gracious,  delight- 
ful, courteous,  amiable,  sweet,  debonair,  urbane, 
affable,  mild. 

Suavity,  «.  Sweetness  {o/  temper  or  of  man- 
ner),  urbanity,  amenity,  civility,  politeness, 
courtesy,  decorum,  gentleness,  mildness,  pleas- 
antness, agreeableness,  complaisance,  affability, 
amiability,  conciliatoriness,  obliging  manner, 
good  manners,  good-breeding. 

Subacid,  a.  Slightly  acid,  somewhat  acid,  some- 
what sour,  sourish. 

Subaltern,  a.     Inferior,  subordinate,  subalternate. 

Sub-bass,  ».  {Mus.)  Ground-bass,  fundamental 
bass. 

Subdivision,  n.     I.   Division,   dividing,  ramifica- 
tion. 
2.   Part,  portion,  piece,  fraction,  section,  share. 

Snbduce,  )  v.  a.     I.   Withdraw,  take  away. 

Subduct,  )  2.    Subtract. 

Subdue,  V.  a.  I.  Conquer,  subjugate,  subject, 
overcome,  overpower,  vanquish,  overbear. 

2.  Vanquish,  beat,  crush,  defeat,  rout,  dis- 
comfit, worst,  overpower,  overcome,  overbear, 
overwhelm,  master. 

3.  Quell,  surmount,  foil,  get  the  better  of,  get 
the  upper  hand  of,  put  down,  beat  down. 

4.  Overpower,  destroy,  overcome,  reduce, 
choke,  choke  down,  suppress,  repress. 

5.  Tame,  subject,  control,  make  submissive, 
bring  under  rule,  break,  make  tractable,  disci- 
pline. 

6.  Overcome,  reduce,  destroy  the  force  of, 
break. 

7.  Melt,  soften,  mollify. 

8.  Break,  make  mellow. 

9.  Destroy,  eradicate,  root  out. 
Subduer,  n.     I.  Conqueror,  vanquisher,  victor. 

2.  Tamer. 


iuberoS,  1  *     Cork-like,  corky,  soft,  elastic. 
Subject,  V.  a.     I.    Subdue,   control,  bring  under 
rule,  make  submissive,  make  subordinate. 

2.  Enslave,  enthrall. 

3.  Expose,  make  liable. 

4.  Submit,  refer,  make  accountable. 

5.  Make  subservient. 

6.  Cause  to  undergo. 

Subject,  a.  I.  Underneath,  beneath,  placed  un- 
der, subjacent. 

2.  Subservient,  subjected,  subordinate,  infe- 
rior, in  bondage,  under  the  lash,  under  one's 
thumb,  under  one's  command,  at  one's  com- 
mand, at  one's  beck  or  call,  at  one's  mercy. 

3.  Submissive,  obedient. 

4.  Exposed,  liable,  proire,  disposed,  obnoxious. 
Subject,  «.     I.   Dependant,   subordinate,    person 

owing  allegiance. 

2.  Topic,  theme,  thesis,  point,  matter,  subject- 
matter,  matter  in  hand,  object-matter. 

3.  Hero,  person  treated  of. 

4.  {Gram,  and  Log.)  Subject-term,  leading 
term,  nominative. 

5.  {Anat)  Corpse,  dead  body,  carcass,  body 
for  dissection,  cadaver. 

6.  (Archaic  Met.)    Substance. 

7.  Recipient,  object,  case,  patient. 

8.  Experiencing  mind. 

9.  Mind,  thinking  being,  conscious  being,  con- 
scious subject,  self,  ego,  me. 

Subjection,  «.     I.    (Act  of)  subjecting,  subduing, 

controlling,  putting  down  or  under,  subjugation, 

conquest,  subordinating. 
2.  Dependence,  subordination,    subserviency, 

subordinacy. 
Subjective,  a      I.    Belonging  to  or  characteristic 

of  the  subject  {as  contrasted  with  the  object), 

in  the  mind,  within  the  self. 

2.  Merely  mental,  limited  to  the  subject,  in  the 
mind  only,  unreal,  non-objective,  not  actual, 
internal,  non-external. 

3.  Imagined,  fancied,  imajiinary,  illusory. 

4.  Introversive,  introspective,  contemplative, 
inward-looking,  dealing  with  one's  own  feelings, 
colored  by  one's  own  states. 

Subject-matter,  «.  Subject,  topic,  matter,  theme, 
object-matter. 

Subjoin,  V.  a.  Add  {at  the  end),  annex,  affix, 
suffix,  postfix,  append,  join. 

Sub  judice.  [L.]  Under  consideration,  not  yet 
decided. 

Subjugate,  v.  a.  Conquer,  vanquish,  subdue, 
overcome,  overpower,  overbear,  overthrow,  mas- 
ter, subject. 

Subjugation,  «.  Conquest,  mastery,  subjec- 
tion. 

Subjugator,  «.     Conqueror,  victor,  enslaver. 

Subjunctive,  a.  Subjoined,  annexed,  added, 
joined. 

Sublet,  V.  a.     Underlet. 

Sublimate,  v.  a.     I.   {Chem.)    See  Sublimb. 
2.   Refine,  exalt,  elevate,  heighten. 

Sublimation,  n.  I.  Vaporization  {of  a  solid,  to 
be  again  condensed). 

2.   Refinement,  exaltation,  elevation. 

Sublime,  a.     I.    High,  elevated,  aloft. 

2.  Exalted  {in  excellence  or  dignity),  great, 
noble,  grand,  lofty,  eminent. 

3.  Stately,  majestic,  eminent,  grand,  solemn, 
noble,  magnificent,  glorious. 

4.  Elate,  elevated,  raised,  exhilarated. 
Sublime,    v.   a.      I.    Vaporize   {as  a  solid,  to  be 

again  condensed),  sublimate. 

2.  Refine,  exalt,  elevate,  heighten,  improve, 
purify. 

3.  Dignify,  ennoble,  exalt,  elevate,  greaten. 


SUBLIME  PORTE 


413 


SUBSTRATUM 


Sabllme  Porte.    Turkish  court,  Porte,  Ottoman 

government. 
Sublimity,  «.     I.    Elevation,  lofty  height. 

2.  Grandeur,  greatness,  nobleness,  loftiness, 
exaltation,  nobility,  siiblimeness. 

3.  Exaltation,  elevation. 

4.  Loftiness,  grandeur,  greatness. 
Sublunary,  a.    Earthly,  mundane,  terrestrial,  sub- 
astral,  subcelestial,  sublunar. 

Submarine,  <t.     Subaqueous,  subaquatic. 
Submerge,  v.  a.     I.   immerse,  plunge,  sink,  sub- 
merse. 

2.   Deluge,  flood,  overflow,  overwhelm,  inun- 
date, cover  with  water,  drown. 
Submerge,  v.  n.     I.   Plunge,  sink,  submerse. 

2.    Be  merged,  be  incorporated,  be  included. 
Submerse,  v  a.    See  Submerge. 
Submission,  »■     I.   Surrender,  cession,  yielding. 

2.  Obedience,  resignation,  compliance,  acqui- 
escence. 

3.  Submissiveness,  lowliness,  humility,  meek- 
ness, humiliation,  self-abasement,  state  of  being 
submissive. 

4.  Endurance,  sufferance,  long-suflTerance,  for- 
bearance, fortitude,  patience. 

5.  Acknowledgment,  confession,  penitence, 
contrition. 

Submissive,  a.  I.  Yielding,  tractable,  pliant, 
docile,  compliant,  amenable. 

2.  Obedient,  resigned^  uncomplaining,  unre- 
pining,  patient,  long-suffering,  passive. 

3.  Humble,  meek,  lowly. 
Submissiveness,  n.     I.    Pliancy,  docility. 

2.  Obedience,  submission,  resignation,  com- 
pliance, passiveness,  non-resistance. 

3.  Humility,  humbleness,  meekness,  lowli- 
ness, self-abasement. 

Submit,  V.  a.  I.  Yield,  surrender,  resign,  sub- 
ject, give  up. 

2.    Refer,  commit. 
Submit,  V.  n.     I.    Yield,  surrender,  succumb. 

2.  Yield,  surrender,  succumb,  give  up,  knock 
under,  lower  one's  flag,  kiss  the  rod,  lick  the 
dust,  eat  humble  pie,  draw  in  one's  horns. 

3.  Be  subject. 

Submit  to.  Endure,  tolerate,  put  up  with,  bear 
with,  reconcile  one's  self  to,  be  reconciled  to, 
make  the  best  of. 

Subordinate, «.  inferior,  subservient,  subject,  an- 
cillary, minor,  secondary. 

Subordinate,  «.     I.    Inferior,  dependant. 
2.   Inferior,  subject,  subservient. 

Subordinate,  v.  a.  Subject,  make  subordinate, 
make  subservient. 

Subordination,    «.     I.   Subjection,    act    of  sub- 
ordinating. 
2.   Inferiority,  subjection,  subserviency. 

Suborn,  V.  a.     I.    Procure  indirectly. 

2.  (Law.)  Bribe  (to  commit  perjury),  bribe 
to  take  a  false  oath. 

Siabrosa.  [L.j  Privately,  secretly,  confidentially, 
in  confidence,  under  the  rose,  between  our- 
selves, between  you  and  me,  entre  nous. 

Subscribe,  v.  a.     I.   Sign,  set  one's  name  to,  af- 
fix one's  signature  to. 
2.   Promise  to  contribute. 

Subscribe,  v.  n.  I.  Sign  one's  name  (m  token  of 
consent). 

2.  Agree,  consent,  assent,  give  consent,  yield 
assent. 

3.  Enter  one's  name  (for  a  newspaper,  etc.). 

4.  Promise  to  contribute. 

Subsequent,  a.  Following,  succeeding,  posterior, 
later,  after. 

Subserve,  v.  a.  Promote,  forward,  further,  serve, 
help  forward,  be  subservient  to,  pander  to,  min- 
ister to. 


1.  Subordination,  inferiority. 

2.  Usefulness,  heiptulness- 
I.    Subordmate,    interior,    sub- 


Subservience,  1 
Subserviency,  j 
Subservient,  a 

ject. 

2.   Useful,    helpful,    serviceable,    conducive, 
subsidiary,  ancillary,  instrumental. 
Subside,  V.  n.     I.    Sink,  settle. 

2.  Decrease,  diminish,  lessen,  lull,  wane,  ebb, 
abate,  intermit,  grow  less. 

3.  Descend,  sink,  become  lower,  tend  down- 
ward, settle. 

Subsidence,  n.     I.   Sinkin^^,  settling. 

2.  Decrease,  diminution,  lessening,  abate- 
ment, ebb- 

3.  Descent,  sinking. 

Subsidiary,  a.  Assistant,  auxiliary,  aiding,  help- 
ing, adjuvant,  corroborative,  co-operating,  sub- 
servient. 

Subsidize,  v.  a.     Supply  with  a  subsidy. 

Subsidy,  n.     I.   Support,  aid,  co-operation. 

2.  Pecuniary  aid  (granted  by  one  Govern' 
ment  to  another),  tribute. 

Subsist,  v.n.     I.    Exist,  be,  inhere. 

2.  (Rare.)    Remain,  abide,  continue. 

3.  be  supported,  obtain  a  livelihood,  get  a  liv- 
ing, live. 

Subsist,    V.    a.     Feed,    victual,    ration,    support, 

maintain. 
Subsistence,  «•     I.   Real  being. 

2.  Support,  livelihood,  maintenance,  aliment, 
nutriment,  sustenance,  living,  food,  provision, 
meat,  rations. 

3.  Inherence,  inherency. 
Subdstent,  a.     I.   Substantial,  really  existing. 

2.    Inherent. 
Substance,      n.      I.     Substratum,      groundwork, 
reality,   hypostasis,   substantiality,   essential  na- 
ture, real  being,  real  existence. 

2.  Meaning,  import,  significance,  essence, 
pith,  gist,  soul,  chief  part,  essential  part,  vital 
part. 

3.  Body,  matter,  material,  texture,  stuff. 

4.  Property,  wealth,  means,  estate. 

5.  (Theol.)     Divine  essence,  divine  being. 
Substantial,  a.     I.    Real,  actual,  existent,  subsist- 

ent,  actually  existing,  having  substance. 

2.  True,  positive,  solid,  not  imaginary. 

3.  Corporeal,  material. 

4.  Strong,  stout,  solid,  firm,  stable,  sound, 
massive,  bulky. 

5.  Weighty,  solid,  firm,  strong,  valid,  just, 
cogent,  efficient. 

6.  Responsible  {pecuniarily),  moderately 
wealthy. 

Substantiality,  h.     I.   Substantialness. 

2.   Corporeity,  materiality. 
Substantially,   a.     I.    Really,   truly,   essentially, 
competently. 

2.    Strongly,  stoutly,  solidly,  firmly. 
Substantialness,  «.     I.    Substantiality. 

2.    Firmness,  strength,  stability. 
Substantlals,  «.  //.     Essential  or  material  parts. 
Substantiate,  v.  a.     Establish,  verify,  prove,  con- 
firm, corroborate,  ratify,  make  good. 
Substantiation,   «.     Confirmation,  corroboration, 

establishment,  evidence,  proof,  ratification. 
Substantive,  «.     (Gram.)     Noun,  name. 
Substitute,  V.  a.     Exchange,    commute,    change, 

put  in  the  place  of. 
Substitute,  n.     I.   Proxy,  lieutenant,  agent,  dep- 
uty, locum  tenerts. 
2.    Makeshift,  temporary  expedient. 
Substitution,  n.     Exchange,  commutation. 
Substratum,  «.  ^  I.   Principle,   element,   ground- 
work,   underlying    substance,     fundamental    or 
primordial  substance. 
2.  {Agric.)    Subsoil 


SUBSTRUCTURE 


414 


SUFFER 


Underground. 


SllT)Stractlire>  «.     Foundation,  under-building. 

Subterfuge,  «.  Evasion,  excuse,  shift,  artifice, 
trick,  quirk,  shuffle,  pretence,  pretext,  mask,  soph- 
istry. 

Subterranean, 
Subterraneous, 
Subtile,  a.     I.   Rare,   thin,  light,   airy,   ethereal, 
sublimated. 

2.  Delicate,  fine,  slender,  nice. 

3.  Acute,  keen,  piercing,  excruciating. 

4.  Refined,  shrewd,  discerning,  discriminating, 
nice. 

5.  Sly,    artful,    cunning,    crafty,    insinuating, 
subtle. 

Subtileness, «.    See  Subtilty. 
Subtilize,  v.  a.     I.   Make  thin. 

2.  Rarefy,  etherealize. 

3.  Refine  excessively,  make  over-nice. 
Subtilize,  V.  n.     Refine,  be  over-nice. 
Subtilty,  «-     I.   Rarity,    thinness,    etherealness, 

subtileness. 

2.  Fineness,  slenderness. 

3.  Refinement,     extreme     nicety,      subtlety, 
acuteness. 

4.  Slyness,  cunning,  artifice,  craft,  subtlety. 
Subtle,  a.     I.    Crafty,    cunning,  artful,  sly,   wily, 

arch,  astute,  designing,  intriguing,  insinuating, 
crooked,  tricky,  diplomatic,  Machiavelian,  so- 
phistical, Jesuitical. 

2.  Cunning,  artful,  cunningly  devised. 

3.  Acute,  keen,  shrewd,  sagacious,  deep,  pro- 
found. 

Subtleness,  n.    See  Subtlety. 

Subtlety,  «.  I.  Craft,  craftiness,  cunning,  arti- 
fice, astuteness,  artfulness,  subtleness,  guile. 

2.  Acuteness,  acumen,  keenness,  shrewdness, 
discernment,  intelligence,  cleverness,  sagacity. 

Subtract,  V.  a.  Deduct,  withdraw,  take,  take 
away. 

Subtraction,  n.     Deduction. 

iSbSl&l-     Awl-shaped,  linear. 

Suburbs,  «.  //.  Environs,  outskirts,  purlieus, 
neighborhood,  vicinage,  border,  limit,  confines, 
faubourg. 

Subvention,  n.  Government  bounty,  government 
aid. 

Subversion,  «.     I.    Overturn,  inversion. 

2.   Overthrow,  destruction,  demolition,  ruin. 

Subversive,  a.  Destructive,  tending  to  the  over- 
throw. 

Subvert,  v.  a.  I.  Overturn,  overset,  overthrow, 
reverse,  upset,  invert,  turn  upside  down. 

2.  Destroy,  ruin,  overthrow,    demolish,  raze, 
extinguish,  overturn,  upset. 

3.  Pervert,    corrupt,    confound,    destroy,    in- 
jure. 

Succedaneum,  «.     Substitute. 
Succeed,  v.  a.    I.  Follow,  come  after,  be  subse- 
quent to. 

2.  Take  the  place  of,  assume  the  office  of,  fol- 
low in  order. 
Succeed,    v.    «.    I.   Follow,   ensue,   come   after- 
ward, come  subsequently. 

2.  Prosper,  flourish,  prevail,  thrive,  hit,  make 
a  hit,  come  on,  be  successful,  meet  with  success, 
go  on  well,  go  on  swimmingly,  have  a  run  of  luck, 
hit  the  right  nail  on  the  head,  turn  up  trumps, 
have  the  game  in  one's  hands. 
Succeeding:,  a.  Following,  subsequent. 
Succeed  to.     I.    Follow,  succeed,  come  after. 

2.   Take  the  place  of,  assume  the  authority  of. 

n.     I,    Issue,  result. 
2.   Prosperity,  luck,  good  fortune,  good  luck, 
lucky  hit,  fortunate  hit,  prosperous  issue. 
Successful,  a.     Prosperous,  fortunate,  lucky,  aus- 
picious, felicitous,  happy. 


Successfully,  ad.     Favorably,  prosperously,  luck- 

ily,  fortunately. 
Succession,  n.     I.    Sequence,  consecution. 

2.  Series,  suite,  progression,  chain,  concate- 
nation. 

3.  Lineage,  race,  line  of  descendants. 

4.  (Mus.)     Notes  of  melody  {as  distinguished 
from  chords  of  harmony). 

Successive,  a.     Consecutive. 

Successor,  «.     Follower. 

Succinct,  a .  Short,  brief,  concise,  laconic,  terse, 
compact,  compendious,  condensed,  pithy,  sum- 
mary, curt. 

Succor,  V.  a.     I.   Aid,  assist,  help,  relieve. 

2.    Cherish,  foster,  encourage,  nurse,  comfort. 

Succor,  n.  Relief,  aid,  assistance,  help,  support, 
helping  hand. 

Succory,  «.     Chiccory, 

Succulence^  }        t  •  • 

SucculeScy,!"-    J"'^'"«««- 

Succulent,  a.  Juicy,  sappy,  lush,  full  of  juice, 
succulous,  nutritive. 

Succumb,  V.  n.  Yield,  submit,  surrender,  capitu- 
late, give  in,  give  way. 

Succussion,  n.     Agitation,  shake,  shaking. 

Sucb,  a,  I,  Like,  similar,  of  that  kind,  of  the  like 
kind. 

2.   So,  in  the  same  state  or  condition,  as  it  is, 
as  it  was. 

Such  a.    I    Of  this  kind,  of  that  kind,  of  the  same 

Such  an. )       kind. 

Such  as      I.   Of  the  same  kind  as,  of  the  like  kind 
as,  of  the  kind  that. 
2.  The  same  as. 

Suck,  V.  a.     I.   Draw  into  the  mouth. 

2.  Draw  milk  from  {with  the  mouth). 

3.  Draw  in,  imbibe,  absorb. 

4.  Draw  in,  swallow  up,  engulf. 
Sucker,  n.     I.    One  who  sucks. 

2.  Embolus,  piston. 

3.  {Ich.)     Lump-sucker,  lump-fish. 

4.  {Bot.)     Stole,  stolon. 

Suck  in.     Imbibe,  absorb,  take  in,  suck  up. 

Suckle,  V.  a.  Nurse,  give  suck  to,  feed  at  the 
breast. 

Suckling,  n.  Infant,  babe,  baby,  nursling,  chit, 
brat,  bantling,  little  child,  little  one. 

Suck  out.  Draw  out  with  the  mouth,  empty  by 
suction. 

Suck  up.     Draw  into  the  mouth,  imbibe,  absorb. 

Sucrose,  «.     Cane-sugar. 

Sudatory,  n.  Hot-house,  sweating-bath,  vapor- 
bath,  sweating-room,  stew,  bagnio,  Turkish  bath, 
Russian  bath,  warm  bath,  tepidarium. 

Sudatory,  «•     Sweating,  perspiring. 

Sudden,  a.      I,   Unexpected,  abrupt,  unforeseen, 
unanticipated,  unlocked  for,  unusual. 
2.   Quick,  rapid,  quickly  prepared. 

Suddenly,  a.  Unexpectedly,  abruptly,  pop,  on  a 
sudden. 

Sue,  V.  a.  I.  Prosecute,  follow  up,  seek  after, 
woo,  solicit. 

2.    Prosecute,  bring  an   action  against,   com- 
mence a  suit  against. 

Sue,  V.  n.  I.  Beg,  petition,  entreat,  plead,  sup- 
plicate, implore,  pray,  demand,  seek  by  request. 

2.    Bring  an  action,  make  legal  claim,  prose- 
cute. 

Suent,  a.     [Local  Eng.  and  U.  S.     Written  also 
SrMnt."]      I.    Even,   smooth,  uniform,   regular, 
equable,  plain. 
2.    Easv,  quiet,  insinuating. 

Sue  out.     (Law.)     Obtain  by  judicial  process. 

Suet,  «.  Tallow  {with  adhering  membranes).,  beef- 
fat,  mutton-fat. 

Suffer,  V.  a.  I.  Undergo,  feel,  meet  with,  expe- 
rience, go  through. 


SUFFER 


415 


SULTRINESS 


2.  Endure,  sustain,  support,  tolerate,  bear, 
bear  up  under,  put  up  with,  siand,  pocket, 
stomach. 

3.  Undergo,  sustain,  be  affected  by,  be  acted 
upon. 

4.  Permit,  allow,  indulge,  admit,  let,  give  per- 
mission to,  give  leave  to. 

Suffer,  V.  n.     I.    Feel  pain. 

2.  Be  put  to  inconvenience. 

3.  Be  punished,  undergo  punishment. 

4.  Be  injured,  be  impaired,  sustain  loss  or 
damage. 

Sufferance,  n.  I.  Suffering,  endurance,  pain, 
misery,  inconvenience. 

2.  Patience,  moderation,  long-suffering,  sub- 
mission. 

3.  Permission,  allowance,  toleration. 
Suffering'^  n.     I.   Endurance,  sufferance. 

2.  Pam,  inconvenience,  distress,  misery,  suf- 
ferance, passion. 

3.  Poverty,  want. 

Suffice,  V.  n.     Be  enough,  be  sufficient. 
Suffice,  V.  a.     Satisfy,  content,  be  enough  for. 
Sufficiency,  «.     I.   Adequacy. 

2.  Ability,  qualification,  capacity. 

3.  Competence,  enough. 

4.  Plenty,  supply,  ample  stock. 

5.  Conceit,  self-confidence,  self-sufficiency. 
Sufficient,  a.     I.   Adequate  {to  supply  a  wani), 

competent,  ample,  enough,  full,  satisfactory. 

2.  Qualified,  fit,  able,  competent,  responsible, 
equal. 

Suflix,  ft.     Affix,  postfix. 

Suffix,  V.  a.     Append,  add,  annex,  postfix. 

Suffocate,  v.  a.     I.   Stifle,  smother,  choke,  stran- 
gle, kill  {dy  stopping  respiration). 
2.   Destroy,  extinguish. 

Suffragan,  «.  Bishop  {as  subject  to  an  arch- 
bishop), assistant  bishop,  suffragan  bishop. 

Suffragan  bishop.     Suffragan,  assistant  bishop. 

Suffrage,  «.     I.   Vote,  voice,  ballot. 

2.  Approval,  witness,  attestation,  testimonial. 

3.  Prayer  {as  uttered  by  a  congregation  in 
response  to  a  minister') 

Suffuse,  V.  a.     Overspread,  spread  over,  cover. 

Sugar,  V.  a.     I.    Sweeten. 

2.  Compliment,  flatter,  sweeten. 

Sugar-beet,  n.  Silesian  beet,  white  beet  {Beta 
alba). 

Sugar-berry,  «.    Hackberry  (Celtis  occidentalis). 

Sugar-maple,  «.  Rock-maple,  sugar-tree  {Acer 
saccharinum). 

Sugar  of  lead.    Acetate  of  lead. 

Sugary,  a.     Sweet. 

Suggest,  V.  a.  Hint,  intimate,  insinuate,  move, 
propose,  indicate,  prompt,  give  an  inkling  of, 
refer  to,  glance  at,  allude  to,  put  in  mind  of, 
remind  of,  recommend,  advise. 

Suggestion,  ».  Hint,  intimation,  insinuation, 
allusion. 

Suicide,  n.     I.   Self-murder,  self-slaughter,  self- 
homicide,  self-destruction. 
2.   Self-murderer,^/<»  de  se. 

Sui  generis.  [L.]  Peculiar,  individual,  of  its 
own  kind. 

Suit,  n     I.   Set,  suite. 

2.  Retinue,  set,  suite. 

3.  Request,  solicitation,  petition,  entreaty, 
prayer,  supplication,  appeal,  invocation,  suing. 

4.  Courtship,  wooing,  addresses. 

5.  {Lam.)  Prosecution,  process,  trial,  action, 
cause,  case. 

Suit,  V.  a.  I.  Fit,  adapt,  adjust,  fashion,  accom- 
modate, level,  match,  make  suitable  or  proper. 

2.  Become,  befit,  beseem  ;  be  suited,  fitted,  or 
adapted  to ;  be  suitable  for,  be  appropnate  for. 

3.  Please,  gratify,  make  content. 


Suit,  V.  H.  Agree,  accord,  harmonize,  comport, 
tally,  correspond,  match,  answer. 

Suitable,  a.  Fit,  proper,  meet,  apt,  appropriate, 
seemly,  becoming,  due,  just,  apposite,  applicable, 
fitting,  befitting,  relevant,  eligible,  adapted,  ac- 
cordant, consonant,  conformable,  pertinent,  agree- 
able, answerable,  correspondent,  decent,  conven- 
ient, to  the  point,  to  the  purpose. 

Suitableness,  «.  Fitness,  propriety,  agreeable- 
ness,  correspondence,  congruity,  compatibility, 
consistency,  consonance. 

Suite,  »'.  I.  Train  (e'^a/Z^Wi/aw/j),  staff,  retinue, 
followers,  cortige. 

2.  Set  {particularly  of  apartments),  series, 
collection,  suit. 

Suitor,  M.     I.   Solicitor,  petitioner,  applicant,  sup- 
pliant, supplicant. 
2.   Wooer,  lover,  gallant. 

Sulcated  1  "'     Furrowed,  grooved,  scored. 

Sulk,  V.  n.     Be  sullen,  be  sulky,  be  out  of  humor. 

SuUdness,  «.     See  Sullenness. 

Sulky,  a.  Cross,  morose,  sour,  sullen,  spleeny, 
spleenish,  splenetic,  perverse,  wayward,  surly, 
moody,  dogged,  churlish,  mumpish,  cross-grained, 
ill-tempered,  ill-humored,  in  the  sulks,  out  of 
humor,  out  of  temper,  out  of  tune. 

Sullen,  a.  I.  Cross,  morose,-  sulky,  sour, 
moody. 

2.  Gloomy,  dismal,  sombre,  dark,  funereal, 
mournful,  foreboding,  lowering,  cheerless. 

3.  Heavy,  dull,  sluggish,  slow,  gloomy. 

4.  Obstinate,  intractable,  stubborn,  refractory, 
perverse,  vexatious. 

5.  Mischievous,  malignant,  baleful,  unpropi- 
tious,  evil,  inauspicious,  malign,  sinister,  un- 
lucky. 

Sullenness,  n.  I.  Moroseness,  moodiness,  sour- 
ness, churlishness,  spleen,  sulkiness,  ill-temper, 
bad  blood. 

2.  Gloominess,  sombreness,  dismalness. 

3.  Sluggishness,  slowness,  heaviness. 

4.  Obstinacy,  intractableness,  stubbornness, 
intractability. 

5.  Malignity. 

Sully,  V.  a.  I.  Soil,  stain,  tarnish,  spot,  blemish, 
dirty,  contaminate,  deface. 

2.  Stain,  soil,  tarnish,  blemish,  dishonor,  dis- 
grace, contaminate. 

Sulphate  of  baryta.  I.  {Naiive.)  Barytes, 
heavy-spar. 

2.  {Artificially  made.)  Blanc-fix,  permanent 
while. 

Sulphate  of  copper.     Blue  vitriol. 

Sulphate  of  potash.     Vitriolated  tartar. 

Sulphate  of  qulnla.    Quinine. 

Sulphate  of  soda.  Glauber's-salt,  vitriolated 
soda. 

Stilphate  of  zinc.     White  vitriol. 

Sulphur,  n.     I.    Brimstone,  burn-stone. 

2.  \An  abbreviated tertn of  contmerce.\  Flow- 
ers of  sulphur,  sublimed  brimstone. 

Sulphur-colored,  a.  Yellow,  lemon-colored, 
primrose -colored,  citrine,  citron-colored,  green- 
ish-yellow. 

Sulphuret  of  zinc.  Blende,  black-jack,  mock 
lead,  false  galena. 

Sulphuretted  hydr(»:en.    Hydrosulphuric  acid. 

Sulphuric  acid.    Oil  of  vitriol. 

Sulphurous,  a.     Sulphureous,  sulphury. 

Sultan,  «.  Padishah,  grand-seignior,  Turkish 
emperor,  soldan,  grand  Turk,  Ottoman  sover- 
eign. 

Stlltana,  n.     Sultaness,  sultan's  wife. 

Sultaness,  ».    See  Sultana. 

Sultriness,  n.  Moist  beat,  mugginess,  oppres- 
siveness, closeness. 


SULTRY 


416 


SUPERINTEND 


Snltry,  a.     Hot  and  close,  warm  and  damp,  close, 

stifling,  oppressive,  niu^gy. 
Sum,  «.     1.   Aggregate  amount,  total,  totality,  the 

whole,  sum  total,  gross  amount. 

2.  Quantity  of  money,  any  amount. 

3.  Summary,  compendium,  amount,  substance, 
sum  and  substance. 

4.  Height,  completion,  summit,  acme. 

5.  Question  (/«  arithmetic),  problem. 
Stun,  V.  a.      I.   Add,  add  together,  sum  up,  cast 

up,  compute,  calculate,  reckon. 

2.  Condense,  summarize,  sum  up,  state  in 
brief,  collect,  comprehend,  epitomize,  put  in  a 
nutshell. 

Summarily,  ad.      I.   Briefly,  concisely,  compen- 
diously, in  a  tew  words. 
2.    Without  delay,  by  a  short  method. 

Summary,  a.      I.    short,  brief,  concise,  compen- 
dious,  synoptical,   succinct,  laconic,  curt,   terse, 
pithy,  compact,  condensed. 
2.   Brief,  rapid,  quickly  performed,  quick. 

Summary,  «.  Abridgment,  compend,  compen- 
dium, abstract,  epitome,  digest,  synopsis,  sylla- 
bus, conspectus,  sum  and  substance,  the  short 
and  the  long,  resumi. 

Summation,  n.     I.   Computation,  addition. 
2.   Aggregate. 

Summer-duck,  «.  Wood-duck  {Anas  sponsa  or 
Dendronessa  sponsa). 

Summer-bouse,    «.       I,    Arbor,    garden-house, 
bower. 
2.   Country-seat. 

Summersault,  «.     See  Summerset. 

Summerset,  «.  Somerset,  somersault,  summer- 
sault. 

Summit,  «.     I.   Top,  highest  point. 

2.  Top,  apex,  vertex,  acme,  pinnacle,  zenith, 
utmost  height,  culminating  point. 

Summon,  v.  a.  I.  Bid,  cite,  call,  invite,  call  for, 
send  for,  order  to  appear,  notify  to  appear. 

2.  Give  notice  to,  command  to  appear,  con- 
vene, convoke. 

3.  {Mil. )    Demand  the  surrender  of. 
Summons,  «.     Citation,  official  call  or  notice. 
Summon  up.    Raise,  rousii,  arouse,  call  up,  excite, 

pluck  up,  call  into  action, 
Summum   bonum.      [L.]      Greatest  or   highest 

good,  supreme  good. 
Sumptuous,  a.     I.   Costly,  expensive,  dear. 

2.   Magnificent,    splendid,    gorgeous,    stately, 

rich,  superb,  grand,  showy,  pompous,  luxurious, 

munificent,  lavish,  prodigal. 
Sun,  n.     I.    Day-star,  orb  of  day. 

2.   Sunshine,  light,  sunny  place. 
Sunburnt,  a.      Tanned,  brown,  bronzed,  blowzy, 

ruddy,  blowzed,  ruddy-faced,  brown  as  a  berry. 
Sunday,  «.     The  Lord's  day,  the  Christian  Sab- 
bath, the  day  of  rest,  the  first  day  of  the  week. 
Sunder,  v.  a.      Disunite,  disjoin,  dispart,  discon- 
nect,   part,    separate,    dissociate,  divide,  sever, 

dissever,  break,  part,  tear  asunder. 
SundOg,  «.     Parhelion,  mock  sun. 
Sundown,  «.     Sunset. 
Sundry,  a.     Several,  divers,  various,  more  than 

one  or  two,  not  a  great  many. 
Sunfisb,  n.    Basking-shark  {Selachus  maxitnus\. 
Sunless,  a.     I.   Shaded,  shady,  unillumined,  un- 

lighted. 
2.   Rayless,  beamless,  dark,  darksome,  black, 

dismal,  pitchy,  Cimmerian,  Stygian. 
Sunlight,  n.     Daylight,   sunshine,   day,   light  of 

day,  light  of  heaven. 
Sunn,  n.     [Written  also  6'm«.]     I.   Brown  hemp, 

Madras  hemp,  sun-hemp. 
2.    Sun-plant  {Crotolaria  juncea). 
Sunny,  a.      I.    Bright,   shining,   brilliant,   clear, 

unclouded,  fine,  sunshiny,  luminous,  radiant. 


2.  Bright,  shining,  brilliant. 

3.  Warm,  mild,  genial,  pleasant. 

4.  Cheerful,  joyful,  happy. 

Sun  Of  righteousness.    See  Son  of  man. 

Sun-picture,  «.     Photograph. 

Sunrise,  «.     I.    Dawn,  sunrising,  daybreak,  peep 
of  day,  break  of  day,  aurora,  first  blush  of  the 
morning. 
2.    East,  Orient. 

Sunset,   «.     I.   Evening,   sundown,   close  of  the 
day,  sunsetting,   eve,   eventide,   nightfall,  going 
down  of  the  sun. 
2.    West,  Occident. 

Sunshade,  «.     Parasol,  sun-umbrella. 

Sunshine, «.    i.  Sunlight. 

2.^  Illumination,  warmth,  light. 

Sunshiny,  a.     Bright,  sunny. 

Sunstroke,  «.  Insolation,  stroke  of  the  sun,  siri- 
asis,  coup  de  soleil. 

Sup,  V.  n.     Take  supper. 

Sup,  V.  a.     Drink  {a  little  at  a  time),  sip. 

Sup,  n.     Sip,  taste,  small  mouthful. 

Supawn,  ft.  {Indian  word,  Local  U.  S.^  Mush, 
hasty-pudding  ^made  of  Indian  meal). 

Superahle,    a.     I.    Surmountable,     conquerable, 
vincible,  that  may  be  overcome. 
2.   Possible,  achievable,  feasible. 

Superahound,  v.  «.  Be  very  abundant,  be  exu- 
berant. 

Superabundance,  «.  Excess,  overflow,  exuber- 
ance, luxuriance,  superfluity,  redundance,  pleth- 
ora,  surfeit. 

Superabundant,  a.  Exuberant,  superfluous,  ex- 
cessive. 

Superadd,  v.  a.  Add  {over  and  above),  superin- 
duce. 

Superannuated,  a.  Decrepit,  anile,  aged,  imbe- 
cile, doting,  antiquated,  effete,  rusty,  time-worn, 
unfit  for  service,  on  the  retired  list,  on  the  pen- 
sion list,  passi. 

Superb,  a.  I.  Grand,  stately,  august,  majestic, 
noble,  magnificent. 

2.  Sumptuous,  rich,  splendid,  elegant,  beauti- 
ful, exquisite. 

3.  Showy,     pompous,     gorgeous,      magnifi- 
cent. 

Supercilious,  a.  I.  Haughty,  overbearing, 
domineering,  dictatorial,  arrogant,  proud,  high, 
lofty,  overweening,  consequential,  lordly,  intol- 
erant, insolent,  vainglorious,  magisterial,  impe- 
rious, high  and  mighty. 

2.    Haughty,  disdainful,  contemptuous,  proud, 
arrogant,  lordly,  consequential,  scornful, 

Supereminence,  «.  Pre-eminence,  transcendence, 
marked  superiority,  superexcellence. 

Supereminent,  a.     Pre-eminent,  transcendent. 

Superficial,  a.     I.   External,  exterior,  outer,  on 
the  surface,  outward,  outside. 
2.   Shallow,  slight. 

Superficialist,  «.     Sciolist,  smatterer. 

Superficies,  «.     Surface,  exterior,  outside. 

Superfine,  a.  Excellent,  choice,  prime,  first-rate, 
very  good,  very  fine,  superior,  the  best,  unexcep- 
tionable. 

Superfluityt  «•  Superabundance,  excess,  redun- 
dance, redundancy,  exuberance,  surfeit,  more 
than  enough,  enough  and  to  spare. 

Superfluous,  a.  Excessive,  superabundant,  re- 
dundant, exuberant,  unnecessary,  needless,  use- 
less, expletive,  more  than  enough. 

Superhuman,  a.     I.   Divine,  god-like. 

2.    Supernatural,    preternatural,     miraculous, 
hyperphysical. 

Superimpose,  v.  a.     Superpose. 

Superinduce,  v.  a.     Superadd,  bring  on. 

Superintend,  v.  a.  Supervise,  oversee,  overlook, 
direct,    conduct,    manage,    control,    administer. 


SUPERINTENDENCE 


417 


SUPPOSITITIOUS 


have  charge  of,  have  the  direction  of,  have  the 

oversight  of,  preside  over. 
Superlntendeiicey  )  n.     Supervision,     inspection, 
Superintendencyi  )      oversight,    care,    direction, 

control,  charge,  management,  guidance,  surveil- 
lance. 
Superintendent,  «.    Overseer,  supervisor,  master, 

conductor,  inspector,  curator,  warden,  guardian, 

custodian,  intendant,  director. 
Superior,  a.  I.     High,  higher,  upper,  paramount, 

more  elevated. 

2.  Of  higher  rank,  more  exalted,  more  digni- 
fied. 

3.  Surpassing,  noble,  more  eminent,  more 
excellent,  preferable,  greater. 

4.  Predominant,  prevalent. 
Superiority,    n.     I.   Pre-emmence,    ascendency, 

predominance,   supremacy,   preponderance,    ad- 
vantage, prevalence,  odds. 
2.   Excellence,  worthiness,  nobility. 

Superior  to.  Above,  beyond  the  influence  of, 
unaffected  by. 

Superlative,  a.  Supreme,  most  eminent,  greatest, 
most  excellent,  surpassing,  transcendent,  con- 
summate,  pre  eminent,   peerless,   incomparable. 

Supernal,  a.     Heavenly,  celestial,  divine. 

Supernatural,  a.  Miraculous,  preternatural, 
above  nature,  beyond  the  powers  of^  nature,  that 
exceeds  the  laws  of  nature. 

Supernumerary,  a.  Odd,  redundant,  in  excess, 
above  the  regular  number,  left  over  (from  a 
specified  number),  superfluous. 

Superpose,  v.  a.     Superimpose,  lay  upon. 

Superscription,  «.     Inscription,  direction. 

Supersede,  v.  a.  I.  Suspend,  annul,  overrule, 
set  aside,  make  void,  obviate,  neutralize. 

2.  Displace,  replace,  supplant,  succeed,  re- 
move. 

Superstition,  «.     I.   Bigotry,  fanaticism. 

2.  False  religion,  worship  of  false  gods,  irra- 
tional worship. 

3.  Belief  in  omens. 

4.  Excessive  nicety,  scrupulous  exactness. 
Supervene,  v.  n.     Occur  i^ith  referertce  to  some- 
thing  that   precedes),    happen,   take  place,   be 
added,  come  as  an  accessory,  come  upon. 

Supervisal,  «.     See  Superintkndenck. 

Supervise,  v.  a.     See  Superintend. 

Supervision,  «.     See  Supbrintendencb. 

Supervisor,  «■    See  Superintrndent. 

Supine,  a.     I.   On  the  back. 

2.  Indolent,  sluggish,  lazy,  slothful,  idle,  inert, 
torpid,  languid,  dull,  lumpish,  listless,  careless, 
thoughtless,  inattentive,  negligent,  heedless, 
drowsy,  indifferent,  otiose,  lethargic,  apathetic, 
sleepy. 

Supper,  «.     Tea,  evening  meal. 

Supplant,  V.  a.  I.  Undermine,  overthrow,  over- 
power, force  away. 

2.  Displace  (Jby  stratagem),  replace,  remove, 
supersede. 

Supple,  a.  I.  Pliant,  pliable,  flexible,  flexile, 
hmber,  lithe,  lithesome,  easily  bent,  elastic. 

2.  Yielding,  compliant,  submissive,  humble, 
soft. 

3.  Servile,  obsequious,  cringing,  slavish, 
fawning,  grovelling,  sycophantic,  flattering, 
supple-chapped,  adulatory,  oily,  parasitical. 

Supplement,    «.     I.     Addition   {to  supply  some- 
thing wanting),  appendix,   postscript,  continua- 
tion. 
2.   Counterpart,  correlative,  complement. 

Supplement,  v.  a.     Supply,  add  to.  fill  up. 

Supplemental,  a.     See  Supplementary. 

Supplementaxy,  a..    Additional,  supplemental. 

Suppliant,  a.     Supplicating,  beseeching,  entreat 


Suppliant,  n.      Petitioner,  supplicant,  applicant, 

solicitor,  suitor. 
Supplicant,  n.     See  Suppliant,  n. 
Supplicat,  n.     Petition,  request. 
Supplicate,   v.  a.       Beg,  implore,  pray,  entreat, 

beseech,  importune,  petition,  crave,  solicit,   call 

upon,  pray  to,  appeal  to,  prefer  a  request  to. 
Supplicate,    v.   n.      Entreat,   beg,  pray,  petition, 

sue,  implore,  put  up  a  prayer,  prefer  a  request  or 

petition. 

I.    Prayer,  orison,  invocation. 


petition,     solicitation,    prayer, 
Petitionary,  humble,  submia- 


Supplication,  n. 

petition. 

2.    Entreaty, 
request. 

Supplicatory,  a. 

sive. 

Supplies,  «.  pi.    Stores. 
Supply,   V.  a.       I.     Provide,    furnish,    minister, 

replenish,    stock,    store,   endue,   endow,    invest, 

fill  up. 

2.  Give,  grant,  afford,  accommodate  with,  con- 
tribute, yield,  furnish. 

3.  Serve  instead  of,  take  the  place  of. 

4.  Fill. 

Supply*  n.    Stock,  store,  reserve,  provision,  hoard, 

fund. 
Support*  V.  a.     I.   Sustain,  uphold,  prop,  brace, 

bear  up,  hold  up,  shore  up. 

2.  Endure,  bear,  undergo,  suffer,  tolerate,  put 
up  with,  go  through. 

3.  Cherish,  nourish,  maintain,  provide  for, 
nurture. 

4.  Have,  hold,  keep  up,  maintain,  sustain, 
preserve. 

5.  Perform,  play,  act,  take  the  part  of,  sustain, 
assume,  carry,  represent. 

6.  Substantiate,  confirm,  make  good,  verify. 

7.  Assist,  aid,  help,  second,  patronize,  abet, 
befriend,  back,  countenance,  encourasre,  back  up, 
succor,  relieve,  uphold,  favor,  shield,  protect, 
defend. 

8.  Further,  forward,  advocate,  vindicate,  main- 
tain, defend,  stay,  assist. 

9.  Accompany  {as  an  assistant),  attend,  act  as 
aid  to. 

10.   Carry  on,  maintain. 
Support,  n.     I.  Prop,  stay,  shore,  supporter,  brace, 

2.  Base,  basis,  bed,  foundation. 

3.  Sustenance,  maintenance,  subsistence,  live- 
lihood, living,  keeping,  sustentation. 

4.  Nutriment,  sustenance,  food,  bread. 

5.  Aid,  help,  assistance,  succor,  favor,  coun- 
tenance, encouragement,  patronage,  comfort. 

Supportable,  a.     I.    Endurable,  tolerable. 

2.    Maintainable,  defensible. 
Supporter,  «.      I.     Prop,   stay,  support,    shore, 
brace. 

2.  Sustainer,  comforter. 

3.  Maintainer,  defender,  aider,  assistant,  par- 
tisan, adherent,  follower. 

SupposaWe,  a.     Presumable. 

Suppose,  V.  a.     I,   Presume,  conceive,  apprehend, 

believe,  imagine,  consider,  deem,  think,  judge, 

presuppose,  conjecture,  conclude. 

2.  Imply,  assume,  presuppose,  take  for  granted. 

3.  Imagine,  believe,  receive  as  true,  think. 
Suppose,  V.  ft.      Think,  imagine,  fancy,  believe, 

surmise,   conjecture,  divine,    suspect,    presume, 
opine,  ween. 
Supposition,  M.     I.  Surmise, conjecture,  presump- 
tion. 

2.  Hypothesis,  postulate,  assimied  position. 

3.  Dnubt,  uncertainty. 
Suppositional,  a.     Hypothetical. 
Supposititious,  a.      Spurious,  counterfeit,   sham, 


ing,  imploring,  begging,  praying,  suing,  precatory.  I      mock,  false,  foisted  in,  subdititious, 

27 


SUPPOSITIVE 


418 


SURVEILLANT 


SnppOSitlye,  a.     Supposed. 

Suppress,  v.  a.      I.    Crush,  overpower,  subdue, 

quell,    overthrow,    stifle,    choke,    smother,    put 

down,  destroy,  overwhelm. 

2.  Restrain,  repress,  keep  back,  stop,  check, 
keep  in. 

3.  Conceal,  keep  secret,  retain,  strangle,  stifle, 
keep  down,  keep  out  of  sight,  keep  secret,  restrain 
from  disclosure,  hush  up. 

4.  Stop,  restrain,  check,  obstruct,  arrest. 
Suppression,  ».      l.    Overthrow,  crushing,  quel- 
ling. 

2.  Restraint,  repression,  check,  stoppage,  ob- 
struction, detention. 

3.  Concealment,  retention. 

4.  {Grant,  and  Rhet.)  Omission  {as  of  a 
letter  or  a  word). 

Suppressive,  a.     Subduing,  concealing. 

Suppurate,  v.  n.      Fester,  maturate,  generate  pus. 

Suppuration,  n.      I.    Festering,  maturation,  gen- 
eration of  pus. 
2.   Virulent  matter,  matter. 

Supremacy,  ».  Domination,  predominance,  pre- 
dominancy, lordship,  mastership,  mastery,  sover- 
eignty, supreme  authority,  upper  hand. 

Supreme,  a.  I.  Highest,  greatest,  paramount, 
predominant,  principal,  chief,  leading,  first,  pre- 
eminent. 

2.  Highest,  greatest,  superlative. 

3.  Utmost,  greatest  possible. 

Supreme  Being.  The  Almighty,  the  Omnipotent, 
the  Omniscient,  the  Omnipresent,  the  Author, 
the  Creator  the  Infinite,  the  Eternal,  the  All- 
powerful,  the  First  Cause,  God. 

Supreme  good.    See  Summum  bonum. 

Surbase,  «.  Skirting-board,  mop-board,  base- 
board, skirting,  wash-board. 

Surcharge,  v.  a.  Overload,  overburden,  over- 
charge. 

Surcharged,  a.  Overcharged,  overloaded,  over- 
burdened, surfeited,  plethoric,  over-full. 

Surcingle,  n.     Girth,  girt,  girdle,  belt,  band. 

Stird,  a.  I.  {Math.)  Radical,  incommensurable. 
2.  [Orthoepy.)  Aspirate,  toneless,  uninto- 
nated,  atonic,  unheard,  without  vocality,  pro- 
nounced with  a  simple  breathing. 

Sure,  a.  I.  Certain,  confident,  positive,  assured, 
fully  convinced. 

2.  Safe,  secure,  stable,  firm,  steady,  trust- 
worthy. 

3.  Infallible,  unfailing,  never-failing,  strong, 
permanent,  enduring,  abiding,  fast,  indisputable, 
certain. 

4.  Certain,  unerring. 

Sure,  ad.  Certainly,  without  doubt,  surely,  doubt- 
less. 

Surely,  ad.     I.    Certainly,  infallibly,  undoubtedly, 
assuredly,  sure,  without  doubt. 
2.    Safely,  securely,  firmly,  steadily. 

Surety,  «.  I.  Certainty,  mdubitableness,  sure- 
ness,  certitude,  assurance. 

2.  Safety,  security. 

3.  Support,  foundation. 

4.  Witness,  evidence,  ratification,  confirma- 
tion. 

5.  Guaranty,  pledge. 

6.  Bondsman,  bail. 

7.  Substitute,  hostage. 

Surf,  ft.     Breakers,  breaking  waves. 

Surface,  n.  Superficies,  exterior,  outside,  external 
part. 

Surf -duck,  «.  Surf-scoter,  black-duck  {Anas 
Perspicillatd). 

Surfeit,  v.  a.     I.   Satiate,  glut,  gorge,  sate,  over- 
feed. 
2.   Cloy,  pall,  nauseate. 

Sorfeit,  v.  n.     Be  surfeited,  feed  to  satiety. 


Surfeit,  «.     I.   Excess. 

2.  Fulness,  oppression,  repletion,  plethora. 

3.  Satiety,  disgust. 

4.  Repletion,  glut,  fulness,  plethora,  excess, 
superabundance,  over-abundance,  redundance, 
superfluity,  nimiety. 

Surge,  n.  Wave,  billow,  breaker,  roller,  white 
horse. 

Surge,  V.  ft.     I.   Swell,  rise  high. 
2.   {Naut)     Slip  back. 

Surge,  V.  a.  {Naut.)  Slack  up  suddenly  {as  a 
rope  routtd  a  pin),  let  go. 

Surly,  a.  I.  Morose,  cross,  crabbed,  testy, 
touchy,  crusty,  fretful,  peevish,  petulant,  per- 
verse, pettish,  snappish,  waspish,  snarling,  fro- 
ward,  uncivil,  rude,  rough,  harsh,  ill-tempered, 
ill-natured,  sour,  gruff,  churlish,  ungracious. 
2.    Rough,  sullen,  dark,  tempestuous. 

Surmise,  v.  a.  Imagine,  suspect,  conjecture,  sup- 
pose, guess,  divine,  fancy,  believe,  think,  pre- 
sume. 

Surmise,  n.  Conjecture,  suspicion,  supposition, 
guess,  doubt,  imperfect  notion. 

Surmount,  v.  a.  I.  Rise  above,  overtop,  tower 
above. 

2.  Overcome,  conquer,  subdue,  overpower, 
vanquish,  master,  triumph  over,  rise  above,  get 
the  better  of. 

3.  Surpass,  exceed,  go  beyond,  pass,  tran- 
scend. 

Surmountable,  a.  Conquerable,  superable,  that 
may  be  surmounted. 

Surname,  «.  Cognomen,  family  name,  patro- 
nymic. 

Surpass,  v.  a.  Excel,  exceed,  outdo,  outstrip, 
outrun,  override,  transcend,  cap,  overtop,  beat, 
go  beyond. 

Surpassing,  a.  Excellent,  supreme,  incomparable, 
transcendent,  pre-eminent,  peerless,  superla- 
tive. 

Surplus,  «.  Overplus,  residue,  excess,  surplusage, 
superplus. 

Surplusage,  «.    I.   See  Surplus, 
2.   {Law.)    Irrelevant  matter. 

Surprise,  «.     Wonder,  astonishment,  amazement. 

Surprise,  v-  a.  I.  Take  unawares,  take  by  sur- 
prise, take  off  one's  guard. 

2.  Astonish,  amaze,  startle,  strike  with  won- 
der, take  aback. 

3.  Confuse,  bewilder. 

Surprising,  a.  Extraordinary,  remarkable,  won- 
derful, unexpected,  astonishing,  marvellous. 

Surrender,  v.  a.  I.  Cede,  yield,  give  up,  give 
over,  deliver  up. 

2.  Resign,  relinquish,  forego,  abdicate,  aban< 
don,  part  with,  renounce,  waive. 

Surrender,  v.  fi.  Yield,  capitulate,  give  up,  give 
over,  give  in,  give  one's  self  up,  strike  one's  flag 
or  colors,  cry  quarter,  cry  quits. 

Surrender,  n.  Relinquishment,  renunciation,  ces- 
sion, resignation,  abandonment,  capitulation. 

Surreptitious,  a.  Fraudulently  introduced,  foisted 
in,  done  by  stealth. 

Surreptitiously,  ad  Fraudulently,  by  stealth, 
without  authority. 

Surrogate,  «.  Deputy,  delegate,  substitute,  proxy, 
lieutenant,  representative,  locum  tenens. 

Surround,  v.  a.    I.    Encircle,  environ,  encompass, 
enclose. 
2.  {Mil.)     Invest,  hem  in,  fence  about. 

Surroundings,  «.  pi.  [Recent.]  External  cir- 
cumstances, entourage. 

SurtOUt,  n.     Overcoat,  great-coat. 

Surveillance,  «.  [Fr.]  Superintendence,  inspec- 
tion, oversight,  supervision,  care,  watch,  charge, 
control,  direction,  management,  surveyorship. 

Surveillknt,  «.    Overseer,  spy. 


SURVEY 


419 


SWARM 


Survey,  v.  a.  I.  View,  observe,  overlook,  scan, 
contemplate,  reviewj  take  a  view  of. 

2.  Inspect,  examine,  scrutinize. 

3.  Measure  and  estimate  {as  lands  or  build- 
ings).  . 

4.  Oversee,  supervise,  inspect. 

Survey,  «.     I.   View,  sight,  prospect,  retrospect. 

2.  Inspection,  examination,  scrutiny,  review. 

3.  Mensuration  (to  determine  areas^  contours, 
etc ),  surveying. 

Surveying,  «.     See  Survey,  n  ,3. 
Surveyor,  «.    I.  Overseer,  superintendent,  super- 
visor. 

2.  Inspector. 

3.  Land-measurer. 

4.  (Customs.)     Gauger,  custom  house  officer. 
Survive,  v.  n.      Remain  alive,  continue  to  live, 

live  on. 

Survive,  v.  a.     Outlive,  live  longer  than. 

Susceptibility,  «.  Sensitiveness,  impressibility, 
susceptibleness,  susceptivity,  excitability. 

Susceptible,  a.  Susceptive,  impressible,  sensitive, 
excitable. 

Stisceptibleness,  «.     See  Susceptibility. 

Susceptive,  a.     Susceptible. 

Susceptivity,  n.    See  Susceptibility. 

Suspect,  V.  a  I.  Surmise,  imagine,  fancy,  be- 
lieve, conjecture,  guess,  suppose,  think. 

2.  Distrust,  mistrust,  doubt,  have  no  confi- 
dence in. 

3.  Believe  to  be  guilty. 

Suspect,  z>.   n.     Be    suspicious,    have    suspicion, 

imagine  guilt. 
Suspend,  V.  a.     I.    Hang. 

2.  Make  to  depend. 

3.  Interrupt,  intermit,  stay,  delay,  hinder. 

4.  Discontinue,  arrest,  leave  off,  give  over, 
stop,  break  off. 

5.  Defer,  delay,  postpone,  withhold,  lay  over, 
stave  off. 

6.  Debar  (as  from  an  office")  temporarily. 
Suspend,  V.  n.     Stop  payment,  become  bankrupt, 

go  into  bankruptcy. 
Suspended,    a.       Hanging,    pendent,    pendulous, 

pensile. 
Suspenders,  «.  //•    Braces,  gallowses. 
Suspense,    n.      I.   Uncertainty,    indetermination, 

incertitude. 

2.  Hesitation,  hesitancy,  irresolution,  doubt, 
indecision,  vacillation,  wavering,  scruple,  mis- 
giving. 

3.  Suspension,  intermission,  remission,  inter- 
ruption, cessation,  stoppage,  stop,  respite,  pause, 
rest,  stay,  quiescence,  discontinuance. 

4.  (Law.)    Suspension. 
Suspension,  ».     I.    Hanging,  pendency. 

2.  Interruption,  intermission,  suspense,  stay. 

3.  Delay,  postponement. 

4.  Temporary  deprivation  (as  o/dn  office). 
Suspicion, «.    I.  Surmise,  conjecture,  supposition, 

guess. 

2.   Distrust,  mistrust,  doubt,  misgiving,  want 
of  confidence. 
Suspicious,  a.     I.   Distrustful,    jealous,   inclined 
to  suspect,  given  to  suspicion,  mistrustful. 
2.    Liable  to  suspicion,  doubtful,  questionable. 
Sustain,  v.  a.     I.    Bear,  support,  uphold,  hold  up, 
keep  from  falling. 

2.  Nourish,  maintain,  support,  subsist,  keep 
alive,  supply  with  food. 

3.  Aid,  comfort,  relieve,  assist. 

4.  Suffer,  undergo,  endure,  bear. 

5.  Sanction,  approve,  confirm,  ratify. 

6.  Justify,  provej  establish,  confirm. 

7.  (Mus.)    Continue,  hold. 

Sustenance,  n.  I.  Subsistence,  support,  main- 
tenance. 


2.  Food,  victuals,  provisions,  bread,  supplies. 

3.  Food,    aliment,     nutriment,     nourishment, 
pabulum. 

Sustentation,  «.     I.   Support,  preservation  from 

falling. 
2.  Maintenance,  support  of  life,  subsistence, 

sustenance. 
Susurrus,  «-     Whispering,  whisper. 
Suture,  n.    Line  of  junction- 
Suzerain,  «.     Feudal  lord,  liege  lord,  lord  para- 
mount. 
Suzerainty,  «•     Lordship,  sovereignty,  seigniory. 
Swab,  n.    Mop. 
Swaddle,  v.  a.     Swathe. 
Swag,  y.  n.     BsnA  (by  force  0/ gravity) y  settle, 

sag,  give  way,  lean. 
Swagger,  v.  «.     Bluster,   bully,   vapor,   brag,  be 

insolent,  boast. 
Swagger,  ».    Bluster,  boastful  manner,  boastful- 

ness. 
Swaggerer,  «.    Blusterer,  bully,  braggart,  boaster, 

braggadocio,    Gascon,    swash-buckler,  fire-eater. 

Sir  Lucius  O'Trigger. 
Swaggering,    «.     Bravado,    bluster,    gasconade, 

flourish,  fanfaronade. 
Swain,  «.    I.   Rustic,  hind,  peasant,  countryman, 

clown. 
2.   Country  gallant,  rustic  lover,  wooer,  suitor, 

adorer,  inamorato,  amoroso. 
Swale,  V.  n.     Melt  (as  a  candle),  waste,  consume, 

waste  away,  sweal. 
Swallow,  V-  a.     I.  Take  into  the  stomach,  gulp, 

imbibe,  gorge,  engorge,  englut. 

2.  Absorb,  engulf,  devour,  swallow  up,  sub- 
merge. 

3.  Believe  (without  scruple),  receive  implicit- 
ly, accept  as  true,  credit. 

4.  Brook,  stomach,  pocket,  endure,  bear,  put 
up  with,  stand,  submit  to. 

5.  Renounce,  retract,  recant,  take  back. 

6.  Consume,  exhaust,  waste,  use  up. 
*l.   Engross,  appropriate,  arrogate. 

8.  Occupy,  employ,  use  up,  consume. 

9.  Engross,  engage  completely. 
Swallow,  n.     I.   Throat,  gullet,  oesophagus. 

2.  Voracity,  gluttonous  appetite. 

3.  Taste,  relish,  inclination,  liking,  palate. 

4.  Mouthful,  taste,  little  drink,  draught. 
Swallow-fish,  «.     (Ich.)    Sapphirine    gurnard. 
Swallow-tail,  «.     I.   (Mack.)     Dove-tail. 

2.   (Fort.)    Priest-cap. 
Swallow  up.     Absorb,  engulf,  destroy,  swallow, 

suck  in,  suck  up. 
Swamp,  «.     Bog,  fen,  quagmire,  morass,  marsh, 

slough,  marish,  spongy  land,  soft  and  wet  ground. 
Swamp,  V,  a.     I.    Engulf,  sink,  whelm,   swallow 

up. 

2.  {Naut.)     Upset,    overset,    sink,    whelm, 
capsize. 

3.  Plunge  into  difficulties,  sink,  wreck,  ruin, 
run  aground,  embarrass. 

Swamp-cabbage,  «.    Skunk-cabbage, skunk-weed 

(Symplocarpusfcetidus). 
Swamp-honeysuckle,    n.      (Bot.)      Swamp-pink 

(Azalea  viscosa). 
Swamp-sassafras,  n.     Sweet-bay,  white  laurel, 

beaver-tree  (Magnolia  glauca). 
Swampy,  a.     Boggy,  fenny,  marshy,  undrained, 

wet  and  spongy. 
Swape,  n.    Sweep,  swipe,  well-sweep. 
Sward, «.    Turf. 

Swarm,  «.     Multitude  (especially  of  winged  in- 
sects),  crowd,   throng,   concourse,    mass,    press, 

flock,  shoal,  host. 
Swarm,   v.   n.     I.   Crowd,   throng,   gather  in  a 

swarm. 
2.  Be  crowded,  be  thronged,  be  filled. 


SWART 


420 


SWEET-SCABIOUS 


3.  Abound,  be  abundant. 

4.  Breed  multitudes. 

Swart,     I  a.      Dark-hued,    tawny,    dusky,    dark, 

Swarth, )      swarthy. 

Swarthy,  a.  Dark,  dark-skinned,  dark-hued, 
brown,  tawny,  of  a  dark  complexion. 

Swash,  V.  n,     I,   Swagger,   bluster,  vapor,   brag, 
boast,  bully. 
2.    Flow  noisily,  dash,  splash. 

Swash-huckler,  «.  Bully,  braggadocio,  swag- 
gerer, blusterer,  roisterer,  rough|  fanfaron,  Cap- 
tain Bobadil. 

Swathe,  v.  a.     Swaddle. 

Swathe, «.     Bandage. 

Sway,  V.  a.  I.  Move,  wield,  swing,  wave,  bran- 
dish, poise,  balance. 

2.  Bias,  bend,  turn. 

3.  Rule,  govern,  direct,  guide,  control,  influ- 
ence. 

4.  (N'aui.)     Hoist,  raise. 

Sway,  V.  n.     I.   Govern,  bear  rule,  reign, 

2.  Have  weight,  have  influence,  prevail. 

3.  Incline,  lean. 

Sway;  «.  I.  Power,  dominion,  control,  empire, 
domination,  command,  rule,  government,  sover- 
eignty, ascendency,  authority,  predominance, 
mastership,  mastery,  supreme  power. 

2.  Influence,  weight,  authority,  direction,  bias. 

3.  Preponderation,  preponderance. 

4.  Swing,  sweep. 

Sweal,  V.  n.     I.    Melt  (as  a  candle),  swale. 

2*   Blaze  away. 
Sweal,  V.  a.    Dress,  singe,  swale,  burn  the  hair 

off. 
Swear,  v.  «.     I.   Utter  an  oath,  take  oath,  take 

an  oath. 

2.  Declare  (solemnly),  avow,  affirm,   depose, 
testify,  state,  say,  vow. 

3.  Use   profane  language,  take  the  name  of 
God  in  vain,  curse^  blaspheme. 

Swear,  v.  a.     Administer  an  oath  to,  put  under 

oath. 
Sweat,  n.     I.    Perspiration,  exudation,  excretion, 

sweating,  cutaneous  excretion. 

2.  Labor,  toil,  drudgeiy. 

3.  Ooze,  reek,  exuding  moisture. 
Sweat,  V.  n.     I.    Perspire. 

2.  Toil,  labor,  drudge. 

3.  Emit  moisture. 

Sweat,  V.  a.     I.   Exude,  emit  by  the  pores. 

2.   Put  into  a  perspiration. 
Sweating,  «.     Exudation,  sweat. 
Sweating-hath,  «.     Sudatory,    vapor-bath,    hot- 

hou.'ie,  sweating-room. 
Sweating-room,  «.     See  Sweating-bath. 
Sweaty,  a.     I.   Perspiring,  sweating. 

2.    Laborious,  toilsome,  difficult. 
Swedish  turnip.     Rutabaga,    Swede    (Brasstca 

campestris). 
Sweep,  V.  a.     I.   Clean  {with  a  broom),  brush. 

2.  Graze,  touch  (in  passing),  brush,  rub  over. 

3.  Traverse,  pass  over. 

4.  Carry  off,  sweep  off,  sweep  away. 

5.  Carry  with  pomp,  flourish. 

Sweep,  n.    I.   Range,  compass,  scope,  reach. 

2.  Swipe,  swape,  well-sweep. 

3.  Destruction,  havoc,  ravage,  devastation. 

4.  Sweeper,  chimney-sweep. 

5.  Curve,  curvature,  flexure,  bend. 

Sweep  away.  I.  Clear  away  {by  a  broom),  brush 
away. 

2.  Dislodge,  remove,  expel,  drive  off,  sweep 
off. 

3.  Destroy,  overwhelm,  carry  off. 
Sweeping,  a.     I.    Destructive. 

2.   Wholesale,  extensive,    broad,    comprehen- 
cive. 


3.   Unqualified,  exaggerated,  extravagant. 
Sweepings,  «.  pi.     Refuse,  offscourings,  dirt,  rub- 
bish. 
Sweep  off.     Sweep  away,  sweep,  brush  off,  brush 

away. 
Sweep  out.    I.  Eject. 

2.   Clean,  brush  out,  clear  out. 
Sweepstakes,  «.     I.  Winner  {in  gaming  or  in 
horse-racing). 
2.   Total  stakes  {at  a  horse-race). 
Sweepy,  a.     I.    Sweeping, 

2.  Wavy,  tossing. 

3.  Strutting,  expanded. 

Sweet,  a.  I.  Sugary,  honeyed,  saccharine,  lus- 
cious. 

2.  Redolent,  fragrant,  balmy. 

3.  Soft,  melodious,  harmonious,  mellifluous, 
dulcet,  musical,  mellow,  tuneful,  silvery,  silver- 
toned. 

4.  Beautiful,  fair,  lovely. 

5.  Delightful,  agreeable,  pleasant,  charming, 
grateful,  gratifying. 

6.  Mild,  gentle,  engaging,  winning,  attractive, 
amiable,  lovable. 

7.  Mild,  soft,  gentle,  benignant,  serene. 

8.  Fresh. 

9.  Wholesome,  sound. 
10.   Pure,  fresh,  clean. 

Sweet,  n.     I.   Sweetness,  sweetest  part. 

2.  Perfume,  fragrance,  redolence. 

3.  Dear,  darling. 

4.  Joy,  blessing,  enjoyment. 

Sweet -hay,  «.     I.   Laurel,  sweet-wood  {Laurus 
nob  His). 
2.    Swamp-sassafras  {Magnolia  glauca). 
Sweet-bread,  n.     Pancreas. 
Sweet-brier,  «.     Eglantine  {Rosa  rubiginosa). 
Sweet-calamus,  \  n.   Lemon-grass  {Calamus  aro- 

Sweet-cane,       )     maticus). 

Sweeten,  v.  a.     I.    Make  sweet. 

2.  Soften,  make  mild,  make  tender,  make  kind, 
mollify. 

3.  Give  zest  to,  give  a  relish  to. 

4.  Soothe,  relieve. 

5.  Freshen,  disinfect,  ventilate,  fumigate,  de- 
odorize. 

Sweeten,  v,  n.     Grow  sweet,  become  sweet. 

Sweet-flag,  «.  Sweet-rush,  calamus  {Acorus 
calamus). 

Sweet-gale,  n.     See  Sweet-willow. 

Sweet-gum,  «.  Liquidambar  {Liquidambar  sty- 
raciflua). 

Sweetheart,  «.  I.  Lover,  beau,  wooer,  admirer, 
suitor,  follower,  adorer,  swain,  flame,  love,  spark, 
true-love,  inamorato,  cicisbeo. 

2.  Flame,  mistress,  lady-love,  dulcinea,  in- 
amorata, dear,  darling,  cara  sposa. 

Sweet-leaf,  «.  {Bot.)  Horse-sugar  {Symplocos 
tinctoria). 

Sweetly,  ad.     Gratefully,  pleasantly,  agreeably. 

Sweetmeat,  «.  Confection,  comfit,  junket,  sugar- 
plum. 

Sweetmeats,  «.  //.  Preserves,  preserved  fruits, 
sweet  stuff. 

Sweetness, «.    I.  Sweet. 

2.  Agreeableness,  pleasantness. 

3.  Beauty,  fairness,  loveliness. 

4.  Amiableness,  gentleness,  mildness,  suavity. 
Sweet-oil,  «.     Olive-oil. 

Sweet -potato,  «.     Carolina  potato  {Batatas  edulis 

or   Convolvulus  batatas). 
Sweet-root,  «.     (Bot.)     lAcorice  {Glycyrrhiza). 
Sweet-rush,  «.     See  Sweet- flag. 
Sweets,  n.  pi.     I'   Saccharine  substances. 

2.   Confectionery,    preserves,   conserves,    con- 

fiture. 
Sweet-SCahiOUS,  «.     Daisy-fleabane. 


SWEET-SCENTED 


421 


SWISS 


Sweet-scented,  a.  Fragrant,  redolent,  balmy, 
sweet-smelling,  aromatic,  spicy,  perfumed. 

Sweet-scented  shrub.  {Boi.)  Carolina  all- 
spice {Calycantkus). 

Sweet-smelling,  a.     See  Sweet-scented. 

Sweet-sounding,  a.  Melodious,  harmonious, 
symphonious,  tuneful,  dulcet,  musical. 

Sweet-tempered,  a.  Amiable,  kind,  gentle,  mild, 
equable. 

Sweet-toned,  a.  Euphonious,  euphonic,  melliflu- 
ous. 

Sweet-william,  «.  .  Bunch-pink,  bearded-pink 
{Dianthus  barbatus). 

Sweet-willow,  «.  (Bot.)  Dutch  myrtle,  sweet- 
gale,  Scotch  myrtle  {Myrica  gale). 

Swell,  V.  n.  I.  Dilate,  expand,  tumefy,  distend, 
fill  out,  intumesce,  grow  larger  or  bigger  (Jby  ex- 
pafuion). 

2.  Increase  {by  outward  addition)^  augment, 
enlarge. 

3.  Rise  {as  waves),  heave,  surge. 

4.  Belly,  be  inflated. 

5.  Strut,  look  bisc,  put  on  airs,  be  puffed  up, 
swagger,  ride  a  high  horse,  carry  with  a  high 
hand. 

6.  Be  turgid  or  bombastic. 

7.  Bulge,  protuberate,  swell  out. 

8.  Be  puffed,  be  bloated,  become  irate. 

9.  Glow,  expand,  warm,  thrill,  heave,  throb, 
grow  big. 

10.  Be  elated,  rise  into  arrogance. 

11.  Become  larger,  grow  upon  the  view. 
Swell,  V.  a.     I.   Dilate,  expand,  inflate,  enlarge. 

2.  Enhance,  heighten,  aggravate. 

3.  Puff  up,  make  arrogant. 
Swell,  n.     I.   Swelling. 

2.  Augmentation,  protuberance. 

3.  Elevation,  rise. 

4.  Force,  intensity,  power,  crescendo. 

5.  Increase  of  power,  increase  of  rhetorical 
force. 

6.  Ascent,  elevation. 

7.  Waves,  billows. 

8.  {CoUoq.)  Fox,  coxcomb,  dandy,  beau,  ex- 
quisite, jackanapes,  popinjay,  blade,  buck,  fine 
gentleman,  spark,  jack-a-dandy,  dandiprat,  man 
milliner,  man  of  dress,  vain  fellow. 

Swelling,  a.  Bombastic,  pompous,  turgid,  in- 
flated, tumid,  stilted,  grandiloquent,  pretentious, 
high-flowing,  high-sounding,  rhetorical,  declama- 
tory, grandiose. 

Swelling:,  n.    I.  Swell. 

2.   Protuberance,  bump,  prominence,  rise. 

Swell  out.     Bulge,  protuberate. 

Swelter,  v.  n.  Be  oppressed  with  heat,  be  over- 
come by  heat,  be  hot. 

Swerve,  v.  «.  I.  Deviate,  depart,  diverge,  turn 
aside,  go  astray. 

2.  Bend,  incline,  yield,  give  way. 

3.  Climb,  move  upward,  swarm,  wind. 
Swift,  <».     I.   Quick,  fast,  fleet,  rapid,  speedy,  ex- 
peditious, flying. 

2.  Ready,  prompt,  eager,  zealous,  forward, 
alert. 

3.  Sudden,  instant,  speedy. 
Swift-footed,    a.       Fleet,    nimble,    agile,    light- 
footed. 

Swiftly,  ad.  Quickly,  speedily,  expeditiously, 
trippmgly,  apace,  posthaste,  rapidly,  fleetly,  at 
full  speed,  with  speed,  under  press  of  sail  or 
canvas,  by  forced  marches,  on  eagle's  wings,  in 
double-quick  time,  in  seven-league  boots,  as 
fast  as  one's  legs  will  carry  one,  whip  and  spur, 
ventre  h.  terre. 

Swiftness,  «.  Quickness,  celerity,  velocity,  rapid- 
ifv,  speed,  fleetness. 

Swill,  V.  a,     I.    Drink  {greedily),  guzzle,  quaff. 


2.   Inebriate,  intoxicate,  fuddle. 
Swill,    n.      I.    Potations,    large    drams,    greedy 
draughts  of  liquor.. 
2.   Hogwash,  swillings. 
Swiller,  «.     Drunkard,  sot,   toper;^  tippler,   toss- 
pot, hard  drinker,  soaker. 
Swillings,  n.  pi.     See  Swill. 
Swim,  V.  n.     I.    Float,  be  borne  up  {on  a  liquul). 

2.  Be  borne  along  {as  on  water,  by  a  current), 
float  with  the  tide. 

3.  Propel  one's  self  through  the  water,  buffet 
the  waves. 

4.  Glide,  skim. 

5.  Be  flooded,  be  inundated. 

6.  Be  dizzy  {as  the  head). 

7.  Overflow,  abound,  have  abundance. 
Swimming;  n.     I.    Floating. 

2.   Dizziness,  vertigo. 

Swimmingly,  «rf.  Smoothly,  successfully,  pros- 
perously, easily. 

Swindle,  v.  a.  Cheat,  cozen,  deceive,  dupe,  gull, 
tricky  defraud,  overreach,  victimize,  chouse,  did- 
dle, impose  upon,  practise  upon,  take  in. 

Swindle,  n.  Cheat,  fraud,  imposition,  deception, 
chouse,  piece  of  knavery. 

Swindler,  n.  Rogue,  knave,  cheat,  impostor, 
trickster,  sharper,  olackleg,  jockey. 

Swindling^  n.  Knavery,  cheating,  rascality, 
roguery,  imposture. 

SwiJie,  n.  sing,  and  pi.     I.   Hog,  pig,  porker. 
2.    Hogs  {collectively). 

Swine-bread,  «.     Truffle  ( Tuber  cibariurn). 

Swine-grass,  «.     Knot-grass. 

Swine-herd,  «.     Swine-tender. 

Swine-pipe,  «.  Redwing,  wind-thrush,  red-sided 
thrush  ( Turdus  iliacus). 

Swine-pox,  «.  {Med.)  Water-pox,  chicken- 
pox. 

Swine-Stone,  n.     Stink-stone. 

Swing,  V.  n.  I.  Oscillate,  vibrate,  wave,  move 
to  and  fro,  move  backward  and  forward. 

2.  Depend,  hang,  dangle,  hang  loose. 

3.  {Colloq.)     Be  hanged,  hang. 

Swing,  V.  a.  I.  Cause  to  swing,  wave,  or  vi- 
brate. 

2.  Wave,  flourish,  brandish,  move  to  and  fro, 
whirl. 

Swing,  n.  I.  Oscillation,  vibration,  waving  mo- 
tion. 

2.  Scope,  range,  play,  margin,  free  play,  full 
play,  elbow-room,  free  course,  sweep. 

3.  Bias,  tendency,  inclination. 

Swinge,  v.  a.  Beat,  whip,  scourge,  flog,  lash, 
bastinade,  switch,  chastise,  punish. 

Swlngel,  n.     Swiple. 

Swingle,  n.  Swingle-staff,  swingling-staff,  swing- 
ling-knife,  swingling-wand. 

Swingle,  v.  a.  Dress  with  a  swingle  (as  flax), 
beat  with  a  swingle. 

Swingle-tree,  «.  Whiffle-tree,  whipple-tree, 
single-tree,  swing-tree. 

Swingllng-knife,  ) 
Swingling-staff,   |  «.    Swingle. 
Swingllng-wand, ) 

Swinish,  a.  Hoggish,  piggish,  gross,  sensual, 
brutish,  beastly. 

Swinish  multitude.  Rabble,  great  unwashed, 
mob,  rabble  rout,  horde,  scum  of  the  people, 
dregs  of  society,  canaille. 

Swipe,  n.     Sweep,  swape,  well-sweep. 

Swiple,  «.     Swingel. 

Swirl,  V.  a.  and  v.  n.     Whiri,  eddy. 

Swirl,  n.     Eddy,  whirl,  gyration. 

Swiss,  «.  I.  Swiss  language,  language  of  Swit- 
zerland. 

2.  {sing,  and  //.]       Switzer,    inhabitant  of 
Swiuerland. 


SWITCH 


422 


SYSTEM 


Switch,  n.     Rod,  twig,  stick,  birch. 

SwitCll,  V.  a.      Beat,  whip,   lash,  swinge,  flog, 

birch,  cane,  dust  one's  jacket. 
Switdiel,  n.     Sweetened    water,   molasses    and 

water. 
Switzer,  n.     Swiss. 
Swivel,  «.     I.   Caster. 

2.  Turning  link  {in  a  chain). 

3.  Swivel-gun. 
Swivel-gun,  «.     Swivel. 
Swob,  «.     See  Swab. 
Swoon,  V.  n.     Faint,  faint  away. 
Swoon,  n.     Syncope,  fainting,  fainting  fit. 
Swoop,   V.  a.      I.   Seize  {as  a  hawk  its  ^ey), 

catch  while  on  the  wing. 
2.   Catch  up,  pounce  upon,  seize,  clutch. 
Swoop,  V.  n.    Stoop,  descend,  come  down,  bear 

down. 
Swoop,  n.     I.   Clutch,  seizure. 

2.    Stoop,  descent. 
Sword,  «.      I.    Sabre,  broadsword,    cutlass,    fal- 
chion,  cimeter,  rapier,    claymore,  hanger,  steel, 
brand,  bilbo,  skean,  Toledo,  tuck. 

2.  Emblem  of  vengeance,  emblem  of  justice. 

3.  Destruction  by  the  sword. 

4.  Military  power. 

5.  War,  strife,  dissension. 
Sword-arm,  n.    Right  arm. 
Sword-fight,  «.     Fencing. 

Sword-fish,  «.  Gar-fish,  horn-fish,  sea-needle, 
gar-pike,  sea-pike,  long-nose,  gore-bill,  snook, 
mackerel-guide  {Esox  belone  or  Belon*  vul- 
garis). 

Sword-grass,  «.     Glader,  sedge. 

Sword-hand, «.    Right  hand. 

Sword-law,  «.     Violence,  force. 

Sword-player,  «.     Fencer,  gladiator. 

Sword-shaped,  a.     Enslform. 

Sword-stick,  «.     Sword-cane. 

Sworn  enemies.  Irreconcilable  enemies,  deter- 
mined enemies. 

Sworn  friends.  Intimate  friends,  dear  friends, 
bosom  friends,  close  friends. 

Sybarite,  «.  Voluptuary,  epicure,  man  of  pleas- 
ure, sensualist,  votary  of  Epicurus. 

Svhflrttirfll    [  °"    Voluptuous,   luxurious,  wanton. 

Sycamore,  «.  \U.  .S".]  Plane-tree,  button-wood, 
button-ball  tree,  water-beech  {Platanus  Occi- 
dent alts). 

S^^COphancy,  «.  Servility,  obsequiousness,  fawn- 
ing, gross  flattery,  sycophantism. 

Sycophant,  «.  Parasite,  fawner,  toady,  wheedler, 
flunky,  spaniel,  lick-spittle,  pick-thank,  toad- 
eater,  time-server,  hanger-on,  mean  flatterer. 

Sycophantic,  a.  Fawning,  cringing,  servile,  slav- 
ish, parasitic,  obsequious,  adulatory,  supple, 
grovelling,  meanly  submissive. 

Syllabus,  n.  Abstract,  abridgment,  outline,  epit- 
ome, summary,  compend,  digest,  compendium, 
synopsis,  breviary,  brief,  sum  and  substance. 

Sylph,  n.     Fairy,  fay,  peri,  sylphid. 

Sylva,  «.     Trees  {o/  a  country). 

Sylvan,  a.     I.    Forest-like. 
2.    Woody,  shady. 

Sylvan,  «.     Satyr,  faun. 

Symbal,  n.     See  Cymbal. 

Symbol,  H.  Emblem,  type,  sign,  token,  figure, 
representative. 

Symbolic,      \a.      Emblematical,    typical,    hiero- 

Symbolical,  )  glyphical,  representative,  signifi- 
cative. 

Symbolization,  n.  Representation,  indication, 
prefigurement. 

Symbolize,  v.  a.  Prefigure,  typify,  emblematize, 
be  symbolical  of. 

Symmetrical,  a.      Proportional   {in   the  several 


parts),  regular,  shapely,  harmonious,  congruent, 
well-proportioned,  well-set,  well-formed. 

Symmetry,  n.  Proportion,  harmony,  shapeliness, 
regularity,  order,  regular  arrangement. 

Sympathetic,  a.  Compassionate,  sympathizing, 
commiserating,  pitiful,  tender,  kind,  affectionate, 
loving,  with  the  heart  in  the  right  place. 

Sympathize  with.  Feel  sympathy  with,  feel  for, 
enter  into  the  feelings  of,  have  pity  for,  frater- 
nize with,  make  common  cause  with,  have  a 
common   feeling. 

Sympathizer,  n.  Favorer,  patron,  advocate,  par- 
tisan, well-wisher,  friend 

Sympathy,  «.     I.   Fellow-feeling. 

2.  Agreement,  harmony,  correspondence,  cor- 
relation, affinity,  union,  reciprocity,  pre-estab- 
lished harmony,  congeniality,  concord,  con- 
cert. 

3.  Compassion,  commiseration,  condolence, 
pity,  tenderness,  kindliness,  fellow-feeling,  bow- 
els of  compassion. 

4.  Mutual  influence. 

Symphonious,  a.  Harmonious,  consonant,  ac- 
cordant, concordant,  musical,  symphonic. 

Symphony,  «.  Consonance,  harmony,  music, 
concert. 

S3rmiK)SaiC,  a.     Convivial,  festive. 

S3anp0Sium,  «.  Feast,  drinking  together,  compo- 
tation,  revel,  banquet,  festival. 

Symptom,  »■  Indication,  sign,  mark,  note, 
token. 

iJiSSSSii.!-  '"^cariv. 

Symptomatology,  n.  Science  of  symptoms,  se-. 
meiology. 

Synagogue,  «.     I.  Jewish  temple,  Jewish  house 
of  worship. 
2.   Sanhedrim,  great  synagogue. 

Sj^chronal,  a.  Synchronical,  synchronous,  coin- 
cident. 

Synchronize,  v.  n.  Be  simultaneous,  agree  in 
time,  concur  in  time. 

Synchronism,  «.     Simultaneousness,  coincidence. 

Synchronous,  a.     See  Svnchkonal. 

Syncope,  n.     I.  {Gram.)    Elision  {in  the  middle 
of  a  word). 
2.   {Med.)    Swoon,  fainting,  fainting  fit. 

Synecphonesis,  ».  (Gram.)  Synajresis,  syni- 
zesis. 

SynergetiC,  «.  Co-operating,  co-operative,  syner- 
gistic, working  together. 

Synergistic,  a.    See  Svnergetic. 

Synod,  «.     I.   Council  of  ecclesiastics. 

2.  Meeting,  convention,  council,  assembly. 

Synonymes,  «.  //.  [Written  also  Synonyms '\ 
Equivalent  words  (of  the  same  latiguage)^  words 
of  the  same  meaning. 

Synonymous,  «.  Equivalent,  interchangeable, 
equipollent,  of  the  same  meaning,  of  similar 
meaning,  that  express  the  same  idea. 

Synopsis,  «.  Abridgment,  epitome,  abstract, 
outline,  compend,  compendium,  summary,  sylla- 
bus, digest,  sum  and  substance,  general  view. 

Syntectical,  a.     Syntetic,  consumptive. 

Synteretic,  a.     {Med.)     Prophylactic. 

Syntexis,  «.  {Med.)  Consumption,  colliqua- 
tion. 

Synthesis,  «.  Combination  {of  elements),  com- 
position, putting  together. 

S31>hon,  n.     See  Siphon. 

Syren,  «.     See  Siren. 

Syriac,  a.     Syrian. 

Syringe,  n.    Squirt. 

Syrinx,  «.  Pandean  pipes,  shepherd's  pipes. 
Pan. 

SyrtiS,  «.     Quicksand,  bog,  syrt. 

System,  «.     I.   A  whole  {viewed  with  reference 


TABANUS 


423 


TAIL 


to  the  interdependence  of  its  /arts),  combina- 
tion of  parts  to  form  a  whole. 

2.  Scheme,  body,  plan,  theory,  connected  view, 
hypothesis,  classification,  arrangement. 

3.  Order,  method,  regularity,  rule. 

4.  Universe. 


Systematic,      \  a.     I.  Methodical,  orderly,  regu- 

Systematical, )     lar. 

2.    Cosmical. 
Systematize,  v.  a.     Methodize,  arrange,   harmo- 
nize, regulate,  order,  reduce  to  order,  put  into  a 
systematic  form. 


Tabanns, «.    (Ent.)    Horse-fly. 
Tabby,  «     I.   Watered  silk. 

2.  Brindled  cat,  tabby-cat. 

3.  Gossip,  tale-bearer,  news-monger,  tattler, 
chatterer. 

Tabby,  V.  a.    Water,  sprinkle  and  calender. 

Tabby,  a.     I.  Of  a  waved  or  watered  appear- 
ance. 
2.   Brindled,  brinded. 

Tabefaction,  n.  Emaciation  {By  tabes),  wasting 
away. 

Tabernacle,  «.     I.  Tent,  pavilion,  habitation. 

2.  The  Jewish  temple. 

3.  Temple,  church,  chapel,  cathedral,  min- 
ster, meeting-house,  place  of  worship,  sacred 
placb 

4.  Pyx. 

5.  Reliquary,  shrine. 

6.  Niche. 

7.  Triptych. 

8.  Choir-stall. 

Tabernacle,  v.  «.  Dwell  (temporarily),  sojourn, 
be  housed, 

Tabes,  n.     [L.]   (Med.)     I.  Emaciation   (accom- 
panied by  fever),  wasting,  consumption. 
2.  Atrophy. 

Tabid,  a.     Consumptive,  phthisical. 

Table,  n.     I.   Slab,  tablet. 

2.  Stand  {to  take  food  from),  board. 

3.  Food,  diet,  provision,  fare,  repast,  victuals, 
entertainment. 

4.  Table-company. 

5.  Index,  list,  catalogue,  syllabus. 

6.  Synopsis,  condensed  statement. 
Table,  a'.     Flat,  plain,  level,  even. 

Tableau,  «.     [Fr.]    I.  Picture,  scene,  representa- 
tion. 
2.    Tableau  vivant. 
Table-beer, «.    Small  beer. 
Table-d'hdte,  «.     [Fr.]    Ordinary,  public  table. 
Table-land,  n.     Elevated  plain,  plateau. 
Table-spar,  «.    Tabular  spar,  tafel-spath. 
Tablet,  n.     I.   Small  table,  slab. 

2.  Pocket  memorandum-book. 

3,  Lozenge,  troche. 

Taboo,  n.  [Written  also  Tabu.'\  Interdict,  pro- 
hibition. 

Taboo,  V.  a.  Interdict,  forbid,  prohibit,  put  under 
taboo,  put  under  an  interdict,  forbid  to  be  used 
or  touched. 

Tabouret, «.    [Fr.l    I.  Stool. 
2.    Embroidery-frame. 

Tabular,  a.     I.  Of  a  table. 

2.  Flat,  plane. 

3.  Laminated,  lamellar,  lamelliform,  foliated, 
scaly,  flaky. 

Tabula  rasa.     [L.]     Smooth  tablet,  blank  tablet. 
Tabularize,   v.  a.    Tabulate,  put  into  a  tabular 

form. 
Tabulate,  v.  a     See  Tabularize. 
Tacamaliac,  n.      Balsam  poplar  {Poptdus  balsam- 

tfera). 
Tace.     [L.]     Be  silent,  silence. 


Tachygraphy,  «.  Stenography,  shorthand,  bra- 
chygraphy,  tacheography. 

Tacit,  a.  Implied,  understood,  _  inferred,  silent, 
unexpressed  {by  words),  implicit,  unspoken. 

Ta^tum,  a.  Silent  {by  habit),  reserved,  uncom- 
municative, close,  unconversable,  reticent,  of 
few  words,  sparing  of  words,  close-tongued. 

Taciturnity,  «.  Reserve,  closeness,  reticence, 
habitual  silence,  uncommunicativeness. 

Tack,  V.  a.  I.  Fasten  {slightly),  attach,  append, 
affix,  tag. 

2.  Nail  {with  tacks). 

3.  {Naut.)    Put  about,  change  the  course  of. 
Tack,  V.  n.     {Naut. )    Go  about,  tack  ship. 
Tack,  «.     Small  nail. 

Tackle,  «.     I.  Pulley. 

2.  Equipment,  gear,  rigging,  tackling,  furni- 
ture, implements,  apparatus. 

3.  Harness,  tackling. 

4.  Weapons,  instruments  of  action. 
Tackle,  v.  a.    {Local  and  Colloq.)    I.   Harness. 

2.   Attack,  seize,  lay  hold  of,  seize  upon. 
Tackling,  «.     I.   Tackle,  implements,  equipment. 

2.  Sailing  apparatus,  sails  and  cordage,  rigging. 

3.  Harness 

Tact,  n.  I.  {Rare.")  Touch,  feeling,  taction, 
sense  of  feeling. 

2.  Adroitness  {in  appreciating  circumstances 
and  acting  accordingly),  skill  {in  saying  or 
doing  what  is  most  appropriate  to  the  occa- 
sion), quick  judgment,  nice  perception,  clever- 
ness, dexterity,  knack,  savoir  faire. 

Tactician,  n.  Manoeuvrer,  wire-puller,  adroit 
manager. 

Tactics,  «.  I.  Strategy,  military  science,  general- 
ship, art  of  war. 

2.  Management,  manoeuvring,  policy,  diplo- 
macy. 

Tactile,  a.     Tangible,  palpable. 

Taction,  «.     Contact,  tangency,  touch. 

Tadoma,  ».     {Ornith.)    Sheldrake. 

Tadpole,  n.  Polliwog,  porwiggle,  purwiggy, 
polliwig. 

Tsedinm,  «.  [L.]  Wearisomeness,  irksomeness, 
tiresomeness,  tediousness. 

Taffrail,  «.     [Written  also  Tnfferel.^     Stem  rail. 

Tag,  n.     I.    Metal  point  {at  the  end  of  a  string). 

2.  Label,  card. 

3.  Cue,  catchword. 

4.  Game  of  tae,  tig. 

Tag,  V.  a.     I.   Attach  a  tag  to,  fit  with  a  tag. 

2.    Fasten,  attach,   append,  affix,   tack,    join, 

add  to. 
Tag  after.     {Colloq.)     Follow   closely,    keep    at 

one's  heels. 
Tag-tail,   «.     Dependant,  sycophant,  parasite. 
Tail,  «.     I.   Caudal  appendage,  hinder  part. 

2.  Back  part,  lower  part,  inferior  part. 

3.  End,  extremity,  fag-end,  conclusion. 

4.  Skirt,  flap. 

5.  Catkin. 

6.  Train,  retinue. 

7.  Horse-tail,  Turkish  standard. 


TAIL 


424 


TAKE  OFF 


8.  (Bot. )    Petiole  or  peduncle. 

9.  (Law.)    Limitation,  abridgment. 
10.   {Mus.)    Stem  (of  a  noie). 

Tailt   a.      (Law.)      Limited,    abridged,   reduced, 

curtailed. 
Tailor,  «.     Maker  of  men's  clothes. 
Tail-piece,  «.     Appendage. 
Taiutf  V.  a.     I.   Imbue,  impregnate. 

2.  Corrupt,  infect,  contaminate,  defile,  poison, 
make  noxious,  make  putrid,  pollute,  disease, 
vitiate. 

3.  Tarnish,  stain,  sully,  blot. 
Taints  «.     I.   Tincture,  tinge,  stain. 

2.  Infection,  corruption,  depravation,  contami- 
nation, defilement. 

3.  Fault,  blemish,  defect,  flaw,  spot,  stain. 
Take,  V.  a.     I.   Receive,  accept. 

2.  Seize,  grasp,  gripe,  clasp,  lay  hold  of,  get 
hold  of. 

3.  Entrap,  ensnare,  circumvent. 

4.  Capture,  catch,  make  prisoner  of. 

5.  Come  upon,  befall,  smite,  fasten  on,  attack, 
seize. 

6.  Conquer,  capture,  cause  to  surrender. 

7.  Captivate,  delight,  please,  interest,  attract, 
allure,  engage,  fascinate,  bewitch,  enchant, 
charm. 

8.  Admit,  allow,  not  dispute. 

9.  Understand,  interpret. 

10.  Regard,  consider,  hold,  suppose. 

11.  Choose,  select,  elect,  espouse,  be  in  favor 
of. 

12.  Turn  to,  have  recourse  to,  betake  one's 
self  to. 

13.  Assume,  adopt,  put  on. 

14.  Delineate,  portray,  figure,  draw,  paint, 
sketch,  copy. 

15.  Get,  procure,  obtain. 

16.  Use,  employ,  make  use  of,  avail  one's  self 
of. 

17.  Demand,  require,  need,  be  necessary. 

18.  Swallow,  take  down. 

19.  Experience,  feel,  perceive,  be  sensible  of, 
be  conscious  of. 

20.  Bear,  endure,  tolerate,  submit  to. 

21.  Form,  fix,  adopt. 

22.  Draw,  derive,  deduce. 

23.  Discover,  detect. 

24.  Conduct,  lead,  convey. 

25.  Carry,  transfer. 

Take,  v.  n.     I.   Catch,  be  fixed,  fix. 

2.  Please,  be  well  received,  be  welcomed. 

3.  Succeed,  have  the  intended  effect. 

4.  Go,  proceed,  resort,  direct  one's  course. 
Take,  «.     Catch  of  fish,  haul  of  fish. 

Take  aback.    Astonish,  surprise,  take  by  surprise, 
startle. 

Take  advantage  of.    I.  Turn  to  account,  make 
use  of. 

2.  Impose  upon  (by  some  advantage  of  supe- 
rior knowledge  or  of  opportunity),  catch  by 
surprise. 

Take  after.    I.   Copy,  imitate. 
2.   Resemble,  be  like. 

Take  a  horn.    (Colloq.)    Take  a  drink  {of  spirit- 
uous liquor). 

Take  aim.    Aim. 

Take  air.      Be  made    public,  be    disclosed,    get 
abroad,  become  known. 

Take  a  Uberty.     Make  free,  make  bold,  presume. 

Take  along.     I.    Carry. 

2.   Lead,  convey,  conduct. 

Take  arms.     Begin  hostilities.  • 

Take  aside.    Take  by  the  button,  talk  to  in  pri- 
vate. 

Take  away.     I.   Remove. 
2.   Subtract,  deduct. 


Take  hack.     I.   Take  again. 

2.  Recall,  revoke,   recant,  withdraw,  retract, 
disavow,  abjure. 

Take  breath.    Rest,  stop  to  rest. 

Take  care.     Be  careful. 

Take  care  of.     Oversee,  superintend,  take  charge 

of,  care  for. 
Take  courage.     Be  encouraged,  take  heart. 
Take  down.     I.   Take  from  above. 

2.  Reduce,  lower,  depress. 

3.  Humble,  abash,  humiliate. 

4.  Pull  to  pieces,  pull  down. 

5.  Swallow,  take. 

6.  Record,  note,  make  a  note  of,  write  down. 

7.  Attack. 

Take  effect.     I.   Be  efficacious. 
2.   Go  into  operation. 

Take  exception.     I.   Object,  dissent,  make  objec- 
tion. 
2.  Take  it  ill,  be  displeased,  be  ofiended. 

Take  fire.     I.   Be  ignited,  catch  fire. 
2.    Be  inflamed,  be  kindled. 

Take  flight.      Fly,  take  to  one's  heels,  run,  flee, 
scamper  off,  make  off. 

Take  for.     Mistake  for. 

Take  for  granted.     Admit,  allow,  concede. 

Take    French    leave.      Depart    mformally,  take 
leave  unceremoniously. 

Take   from.      I.    Deduct  from,    subtract    from, 
take  away  from. 

2.  Derogate  from,  detract  from. 

3.  Deprive,  dispossess. 

Take  heart.     Be  encouraged,  take  courage,  gain 

confidence. 
Take  heed.    Beware,  be  cautious,  be  careful. 
Take  heed  to.     Attend  to,  pay  attention  to. 
Take  hold  of.     Seize,  fix  on. 
Take  horse.     I.   Set  out  to  ride,  mount  and  ride. 

2.    Be  covered  (as  a  mare). 
Take    ill.      Take  amiss,  take  in  bad  part,  take 

exception  to. 
Take  in.     I.   Receive,  admit. 

2.  Comprise,  embrace,  comprehend,  include. 

3.  Comprehend,  understand. 

4.  Lessen,  contract,  make  smaller. 
Take-in,   «.      (Collog.).      Fraud,   deception,   im- 
posture, cheat. 

Taking,    a.      I.     Pleasing,   alluring,  captivating, 
attractive. 
2.   Infectious,  catching. 
Taking,  n.     I.    Seizing,  seizure,  apprehension. 

2.  Agitation,  excitement,  distress. 

3.  Vexation,  anger,  pique. 

Take  in  good  part.    Receive  kindly,  not  be  angry 
about,  not  be  offended  at. 

Take  in  hand.     I.   Undertake,  engage  in,  set  the 
hand  to. 

2.   Deal  with  (j«  the  way  of  correction  or  dis- 
cipline). 

Take  in  sail.     (Naut)    Shorten  sail,  reduce  sail. 

Take  into  account.     Consider,  remember. 

Take  into  custody.     Arrest,  take  up,  take  pris- 
oner. 

Take  in  tow.    Tow,  draw,  drag,  haul,  pull. 

Take  it.     Think,  suppose,  presume,  believe,  imag- 
ine, conclude. 

Take   it   ill.      Be  offended,  be  displeased,  take 
exception. 

Take  leave.     Bid  adieu,  bid  farewell,  take  one's 
departure. 

Take  notice.     Observe,  remark,  pay  attention. 

Take  oa^.     Swear  solemnly. 

Take-off,  «.     Imitation,  caricature. 

Takeoff.     I.     Remove,  divest  one's  self  of. 

2.  Remove,  take  away,  carry  off. 

3.  Cut  off. 

4.  Withdraw,  withhold. 


TAKE  ON 


425 


TANGENT 


5.  Destroy,  kill. 

6.  Swallow,  drink. 

7.  Imitate,  personate,  mimic 

8.  Copy,  reproduce. 

9.  Remove,  invalidate. 

Take  on.    {Neuter.)     Complain,  lament,  be  much 

affected- 
Take  on.     {Active.)    Assume,  be  willing  to  bear, 

take  upon,  take  up. 
Take  one's  chance.     Venture,  tempt  fortune,  try 

one's  fortune,  try  one's  luck. 
Take   one's   choice.      Choose,   select,   pick    and 

choose. 
Take    one's    fancy.      Please,    afford     pleasure, 

charm. 
Take  one's  own  course.    Act  one's  pleasure,  do 

as  one  chooses. 
Take    out.      I.    Remove,  withdraw,    draw    out, 

extract. 

2.   Obliterate,   efface,  destroy,   draw  out,  re- 
move. 
Take  part.    I.   Share,  partake. 

2.   Unite,  join. 
Take  place.     I.   Happen,  occur,  come  to  pass. 

2.   Prevail,  have  effect. 
Take  root.     Be  rooted,  be  firmly  established. 
Take  sides.    Favor  one  side,  take  up  the  cause  of 

one  side. 
Take  the  air.     Breathe  the  open  air,  go  abroad 

in  the  open  air. 
Take    the    field.     {Mil.)     Encamp,    commence 

operations. 
Take   the   lead.      Lead  the  way,  go  before,  go 

ahead,  go  in  the  van. 
Take  the  place  of.     Supply  the  place  of,  be  a  sub- 
stitute for,  stand  in  the  shoes  of. 

Take  time  by  the  forelock.    Seize  the  occasion, 

let  not  the  opportunity  slip,  make  hay  while  the 

sun  shines,  strike  the  iron  while  it  is  hot. 
Take  to.     I.  Apply  to,  be  fond  of. 

2.    Have  recourse  to,  betake  one's  self  to. 
Take  to  do.     {Colloq.)    Reprove,  take  to  task. 
Take  to  flight.    Flee,  fly,  run  away,  take  to  one's 

heels. 
Take  to  heart.     Feel  keenly,  be  greatly  grieved 

at,  be  much  affected  by,  take  on  about,  be  much 

troubled  by,  lay  to  heart. 
Take  to  one's  heels.     Flee,  fly,  run  away,  take  to 

flight. 
Take  to  task.    Reprove,  reprimand,  chide,  take  to 

do,  call  to  account,  rebuke. 
Take  up.     I.   Raise,  lift. 

2.  Begin  {especially  where  another  has  left 
off)- 

3.  Fasten  {with  a  ligature). 
A.   Engross,  engage,  employ. 

5.  Occupy,  fill,  cover. 

6.  Arrest,  seize,  catch,  take  prisoner,  take  into 
custody. 

7.  Assume,  adopt. 

8.  Pay  {as  a  note)y  discharge,  settle. 

9.  Buy  or  borrow. 

10.  Answer  by  reproof,  reprimand. 

11.  Comprise,  include. 

12.  Collect,  exact  {as  a  tax). 

Take  up  arms.     Begm  war.  commence  hostilities. 
Take    up    one's    connection.      Terminate    one's 

relations. 
Take  upon  one's  self.     I.   Assume,  undertake. 

2.    Incur,  appropriate  to  one's  self. 
Take  up  the  gauntlet.    Accept  the  challenge. 
Take  up  with.     Be  contented  with. 
Tale,   «.      I.     Oral   relation,  story,  account,   that 

which  is  told,  rehearsal,  narrative. 

2.  Story,  fable,    legend,    narrative,    relation, 
apologue,  parable,  novel,  romance. 

3.  Information,  anything  disclosed. 


4.  Account,  count,  reckoning. 

Tale-hearer,  n.  Tell-tale,  tattler,  mumble-news, 
gossip. 

Talent,  «.  Gift,  faculty,  capacity,  genius,  endow- 
ment, ability,  ableness,  power,  parts,  cleverness, 
turn,  aptitude,  aptness,  knack,  forte. 

Talented,  a.     Gifted,  of  talent,  of  brilliant  parts. 

Tale-teller,  «.     See  Tale-bearer. 

Talipes,  «.     {Surgery.)     Club-foot. 

Talisman,  n.     Charm,  amulet,  phylactery. 

Talismanic,  a.     Magical. 

Talk,  V.  n.     I,   Speak,  converse. 

2.  Confer,  reason,  deliberate. 

3.  Prattle,  prate. 

Talk,  V.  a.     I.   Speak,  use  for  conversing. 
2.   Speak,  utter,  mention  in  speaking. 

Talk,  n.  I.  Conversation,  converse,  colloquy, 
discourse,  conference,  communication,  dialogue, 
confabulation,  chat,  parley,  oral  intercourse. 

2.  Report,  rumor,  bruit,  town  talk. 

3.  Subject  of  discourse,  theme. 
Talkative,  a.     Loquacious,  garrulous,  chatty,  con- 
versable, cozy,  long-tongued. 

Talk  away.     Spend  or  pass  in  talking. 

Talk  big.  {Colloq.)  Boast,  brag,  vaunt,  gas- 
conade, bluster,  vapor,  exalt  one's  seif ,  maguify 
one's  self,  se/aire  valoir. 

Talker,  «.     I.   Converser,  conversationalist. 

2.  Prattler,  loquacious  person,  chatterer,  chat- 
ter-box, babbler,  magpie,  ntoulin  h  paroles. 

3.  Boaster,  braggart,  gascon. 
Talk  of.     Speak  of,  relate,  tell,  recount. 

Talk  over.     I.   Talk  about,  discuss,  confer  COQ- 
cerning. 
2.   Persuade,  convince,  prevail  upon. 

Talk  to.     I.    Speak  befitting. 

2.   {Colloq)     Reprove  gently,  advise,  exhort. 

Tall,  a.  High  {in  stature),  lofty,  elevated,  tow- 
ering. 

Tallness,  n.     Height  {of  stature). 

Tallow,  n.  Suet  {/reed /rom  adhering  fnem- 
branes). 

Tall  talk.  Boasting,  vaporing,  bombast,  exag- 
geration. 

Tally,  n.     Mate,  match,  counterpart. 

Tally,  V.  n.  ^Iatch,  agree,  accord,  conform,  cor- 
respond, harmonize,  square,  coincide,  suit. 

Talon,  n.     Claw  {of  a  bird),  nail. 

Talus,  «.     Ankle-bone. 

Tamarack,  ».  Hackmatack,  American  larch, 
black  larch  {Larix  ^endula  or  Americana). 

Tame,  a.  I.  Domesticated,  domestic,  mild,  gen- 
tle, docile,  reclaimed, 

2.  Subdued,  crushed,  submissive,  meek. 

3.  Spiritless,  dull,  flat,  feeble,  lean,  vapid, 
insipid,  jejune,  barren,  languid,  prosing,  prosy, 
prosaic,  uninteresting,  poor,  tedious. 

Tame,  v.  a.  I.  Domesticate,  make  tame,  make 
docile,  reclaim. 

2.    Subdue,  repress,  conquer,  overcome,  over- 
throw, subjugate. 
Tamper,  v.  n       I.   Meddle,  intermeddle,  dabble, 
have  to  do  {in  a  tentative  -way). 

2.    Intrigue,  deal  secretly,  use  bribery,  seduce, 
suborn. 
Tan,  V.  a.      I.    Convert  into  leather,  impregnate 
with  tannin. 

2.    Imbrown,   make   tawny,   imbrown  by  ex- 
posure. 
Tan-colored,  a.     Leather-colored,  tawny. 
Tang,  n.     I.   Smack,  taste,  flavor,  savor. 

2.  Sting. 

3.  Twang. 

4.  Tangle,  sea-tang,  oar-weed,  sea-girdles, 
edible  sea-weed  {Laminaria  aigitata). 

Tan?ency,  «.     Contact,  touching. 
Tangent,  a.    Touching. 


TANGIBILITY 


426 


TAUNT 


Tangibility,  «.     Tangibleness. 

Tangible,  a,   I.  Tactile,  palpable,  corporeal,  mate- 
rial. 

2.  Real,  certain,  positive,  substantial,  solid, 
material,  perceptible,  sensible,  open,  plain,  obvi- 
ous. 

Tangle,  v.  a.     I,    Interweave  {confusedly),  inter- 
twine, complicate,  perplex,  snarl,  entangle,  mat. 

2.  Entrap,  ensnare,  catch. 

3.  Embroil,  embarrass,  perplex. 

Tangle,  «.     I.  Complication,  intricacy,  perplexity, 
snarl. 

2.  Perplexity,  embarrassment. 

3.  Tang,  sea-tang,  oar-weed,  sea-girdles  (Z.<a:w- 
inaria  digitata). 

Tank,  «.     Cistern,  reservoir. 

Tanned,  a.     Imbrowned,  sunburnt,  ruddy,  blowzy, 

blowzed,  ruddy-faced. 
Tantalize,  v.  a.     'lorment  (fiy  exciting  hopes  and 

re/using  to  gratify  them),  vex,  tease,  irritate, 

provoke,  disappoint,  balk,  frustrate. 
Tantalum,  «.     (Min.)    [Called  also   Tantalium.] 

Columbian. 
Tantamount,  a.     Equivalent,  equal. 
Tantamount   to.      The    same    as,    equal    to,  as 

good  as. 
Tantinun,  «.    {Colloq.)     Burst  of  ill-humor,  high 

freak,  whim,  affected  air. 
Tap,  V.  a.     I.   Broach. 

2.   Rap,  strike  {lightly). 
Tap,  V.  n.    Rap. 
Tap,  n.     I.   Gentle  blow,  light  stroke, 

2.  Spigot,  plug,  stopper,  stopple,  spile. 

3.  Tap-room,  bar,  tap-house. 
Taper,  «.     Light,  small  candle,  bougie. 
Taper,  a.     Conical,  pyramidal,  tapering. 
Taper,  v.  a.     Make  taper,  make  conical. 
Taper,  v.  n.     Take  a  conical  form,  have  a  conical 

shape. 

Tapering,  a.    Conical,  taper. 

Tapestity,  «•     Arras. 

Tape- worm,  «.     Teenia. 

Tap-house,    «.     Ale-house,  public-house,  tavern, 
drinking-house. 

Tapioca,  n.    Purified  cassava,  manioc. 

Tapis,  n.     Carpet. 

Tapped,  a.     Abroach,  broached,  on  tap. 

Tap-room,  «.     Tap,  bar-room. 

Tar,  n.    {Colloq.)    Sailor,   seaman,   mariner,   sea- 
farer, seafaring  man,  tarpaulin. 

Tardigrada,  «.  pi.    {Zool.)    I.  Sloths. 
2.   Water-bears. 

Tardiness,  «.     Slowness,  dilatoriness,  delay,  slack- 
ness, lateness. 

Tardy,   a.     I.   Slow,    snail-like,    sluggish,    slow- 
paced. 

2.  Dilatory,  slack,  late,  behindhand,  back- 
ward, slow. 

Target,  «.     Mark  (to  be  shot  at). 

TaxxCf,  n.     Schedule  of  duties  (on  imports  or  on 
exports). 

Tarin,  «.     (Omith. )    [Written  also   Teri/t.]     Sis- 
kin, aberdevine  (Carduelis  spinus). 

Tarn,  «.   I,   Pool  (among  mountains),  pond,  lake, 
mere. 
2.   Bog,  marsh,  fen,  swamp,  morass,  marish. 

Tamisb,  v.  a.     Soil,  stain,  sully,  deface,  dim,  dis- 
color, dull,  blemish. 

Tarnish,  «.     Soil,  stain,  spot,  blemish,  blot. 

Tarriance,  n.     Stay,  delay,  tarrying,  lateness. 

Tarry,  v.  n.     I.  Wait,   linger,  delay,  loiter,  re- 
mam,  stay,  stop. 

2.  Delay,  put  off,  defer. 

3.  Stay,  sojourn,  abide  (temporarily),  lodge, 
rest,  take  up  one's  quarters,  pitch  one's  tent, 
have  lodgings,  take  lodgings,  continue,  stop,  halt. 

Tart,  a.     I.   Sour,  acid,  acidulous,  sharp. 


2.  Severe,  harsh,  caustic,  crabbed,  sharp, 
snappish,  testy,  snarling,  petulant,  acrimonious, 
ill-tempered,  ill-humored,  keen. 

Tartan,  «.    Plaid. 

Tartar,  «.     I.   Argol,  bitartrate  of  potash  (crude). 
2.    Ill-tempered  person. 

Tartarean,  a.     infernal,  hellish,  tartareous. 

Tartar-emetic,  «.  Tartarized  antimony,  tartrated 
antimony,  tartrate  of  potash  and  antimony. 

Tartareous,  a.     Tartarean. 

Tartarized  antimony.    See  Tartar-emetic. 

Tartarus,  «.  Hades,  Erebus,  hell,  the  lower 
world,  the  infernal  regions,  shades  below,  purga- 
tory, pandemonium,  realms  of  Pluto. 

Tartness,  n.     I.    Sourness,  acidity. 

2.  Acrimony,  harshness,  asperity,  sourness, 
severity,  piquancy,  sharpness,  keenness,  acerbity, 
crabbedness. 

Tartuffe,  «.     Hypocrite,  hypocritical  devotee. 

Tartuffish,  a.     Formal,  hypocritical. 

Task,  n.     I.   Work,  labor,  toil,  drudgery. 

2.  Employment,  business,  undertaking,  enter- 
prise, work,  labor. 

3.  Lesson,  exercise. 

Task,  V.  a.     I.    Impose  a  task  on. 

2.   Burden,  oppress,  tax. 
Taskmaster,  «.     Overseer,  tasker. 
Taskwork,  «.     Piece-work,  job-work. 
Tastable,  a.     Savory,  relishing,  gustable. 
Taste,  V.   a.     I.   Try  the  flavor  of,   test  by  the 
tongue. 

2.  Experience,  perceive,  feel,  undergo. 

3.  Partake  of,  participate  in. 
Taste,  V.  n.     I.   Try  the  flavor. 

2.  Smack,  savor,  be  tinctured,  have  a  smack 
or  flavor. 

3.  Have  perception,  have  experience. 

4.  Enjoy  sparingly. 

Taste,  n.     I.   Gustation,  act  of  tasting. 

2.  Flavor,  relish,  savor,  gout. 

3.  Dash,  infusion,  admixture,  sprinkling,  tinc- 
ture, soupgon. 

4.  Sense  of  taste. 

5.  Fondness,  liking,  partiality. 

6.  Discernment  (of  beauty  or  excellence),  judg- 
ment (of  propriety),  nice  perception. 

7.  Manner,  style. 

8.  Bit,  morsel,  mouthful,  sample. 

9.  Narrow  ribbon. 

Tasteful,  a.     I.    Savory,  toothsome,  delicious,  ap- 
petizing. 
2.  Tasty,  elegant,  in  good  taste. 

Tasteless,  a.     I.    Insipid,  flat,  without  relish. 
2.   Dull,  flat,  insipid,  uninteresting,  vapid. 

Tasty,  a.     Elegant,  refined,  tasteful. 

Tatterdemalion,  «.  Ragamuffin,  ragged  fellow, 
wretch,  sans-culotte. 

Tattered,  a.     Torn,  ragged. 

Tatters,  n.  pi.    Rags. 

Tattle,  V.  n.  I.  Prate,  prattle,  chatter,  chat,  jab- 
ber, babble,  talk  idly  or  thoughtlessly,  talk  at 
random,  spin  a  long  yarn. 

2.  (Colloq.)  Blab,  gossip,  tell  tales,  tell  se- 
crets. 

Tattle,  n.  Prate,  prattle,  gossip,  twaddle,  twattle, 
gabble,  idle  talk. 

Tattler,     «.      I.     Prattler,      babbler,      chatterer, 
prater,    gossip,    gadabout,    gadder,    rattle-head, 
idle  talker,  news-monger. 
2.   Gossip,  tale-bearer. 

Tattoo,  «.  Beat  of  drum  (to  summon  soldiers  to 
quarters  at  night),  tapto. 

Taught,  a.  (Naut.)  [Written  also  Taut.\  Tight, 
tense,  stretched,  strained. 

Taunt,  V.  a.  Mock,  flout,  chafT,  ridicule,  revile, 
reproach,  upbraid,  censure,  deride,  jeer,  twit, 
scoff  at,  sneer  at,  rail  at,  make  game   of,   make 


TAUNT 


42T 


TEMPER 


fun  of,  treat  with  scorn,  make  a  butt  of,  make 
merry  with. 
Taantt  «•     Ridicule,   derision,   scoff,  censure,  re- 
proach, insult,  jeer,  gibe,  quip,  quirk,  caustic  re- 
mark. 

Tauromachy,  n.    Bull -fighting. 

Taurus,  «.     {Astron.)    The  Bull. 

Taut,  a.    See  Taught. 

TautOg,  «.  [Written  also  Tautaug.]  Black-fish 
[LcU^rus  Americanus). 

Tautological,  a.  Repetitious,  repetitional,  redun- 
dant, pleonastic. 

Tautology,  «.  Repetition  {of  the  satne  idea  in  dif- 
ferent words),  redundancy,  iteration,  reiteration, 
pleonasm. 

Tavern,  n.  Inn,  public-house,  hostelry,  eating- 
house. 

Tavern-haunter,  «.    Tippler,  toper,  tavem-man. 

Tawdry,  a.  Showy  (without  elegance),  gaudy, 
flashy,  glittering,  in  bad  taste,  meretricious,  tin- 
sel. 

Tawny,  a.  Fulvous,  fulvid,  yellowish-brown,  dull 
yellow. 

Tax,  n.  I.  Impost,  duty,  custom,  toll,  excise, 
tribute,  assessment,  rate,  levy. 

2.  Demand,  burden,  charge,  requisition. 

3.  Charge,  accusation,  censure. 

Tax,  V.  a.     I.   Put  a  tax  upon,  assess  tribute  upon. 

2.  Burden,  load,  task,  make  demands  upon. 

3.  Accuse,  charge,  lay  upon. 

Tea,  ».     I.    Iniwsion  {especially  of  the  dried  leaves 
of  the  tea-plant),  decoction. 
2.   {Colloq.)    Supper,  evening  meal. 

Tea-berry,  «.  Partndge-berry,  deer-berry,  box- 
berry,  wintergreen,  mountam-tea  {Gaultheria 
procutnbens). 

Teach,  v.  a-  I.  Instruct,  inform,  educate,  en- 
lighten, train,  discipline,  drill,  school,  tutor,  in- 
doctrinate, initiate,  give  instruction  to,  give 
lessons  to. 

2.  Communicate,    impart,     inculcate,     instil, 
preach. 

3.  Admonish,  counsel,  show,  tell,  advise,  sig- 
nify, suggest  to,  indicate  to,  point  out  to. 

4.  Direct  as  an  instructor,  manage  as  a  pre- 
ceptor, guide  the  studies  of. 

Teach,  v.  «.     Act  as  teacher,  practise  teaching. 
Teachable,  a.    Docile,  apt,  apt  to  learn. 
Teacher,  «.     I.   Instructor,  tutor,  preceptor,  mas- 
ter, school-master. 

2.  School-mistress,  school-dame,  mistress. 

3.  Preacher,  minister  of  the  gospel,  pastor. 
Teaching,  «.  Education,  instruction,  breeding. 
Teague,  «.     Irishman  {in  contempt). 

Teak,  «.     Indian  oak  (  Tectona  g-randis). 
Tear,    v.    a.     I.   Rend,  pull    apart,  separate  by 
pulling. 

2.  Lacerate,  laniate,  lancinate,  mangle,  rend, 
wound. 

3.  Sever,  sunder. 

4.  Break  away,  force  away,  rend  away,  snatch 
away. 

5.  Shatter,  rend. 

Tear,  v.  n.     I.   Rush  with  violence,  move  with 

violence. 
2.   Rage,  rave,  fume,  rant 
Tear,  «.     Rent,  fissure. 
Tear  from.     Separate,  take  awav. 
Tearful,  a.     Weeping,  shedding  tears. 
Tear  off.     Strip,  pull  off  with  violence. 
Tear  out.     Pull  out,  draw  out  by  violence. 
Tear  up.    Pull  up,  rip  up. 
Tease,  v.  a.     Worry,  vex,  plague,  annoy,  torment, 

molest,  irritate,  harass,  tantalize,  badger,  chafe, 

hector,   harry,   pester,  bother,   trouble,   disturb, 

chagrin,  provoke. 

Tea-service, «.    Tea-set. 


Tea-set,  «•     Tea-service,  tea-things. 

Teat,  «.     Dug,  nipple,  pap. 

Tea-things,  «.  //.     Tea-set. 

Techiness,  n.  Peevishness,  fretfulness,  touchi- 
ness, frowardness. 

Techy,  a.  [Written  also  Tetchy.\  Peevish,  fret- 
ful, irritable,  touchy. 

Tedder,  «.    Tether. 

Tedder,  v.  a.     Tether. 

Te  Deum.     Hymn  of  thanksgiving. 

Tedge,  n.     Ingate,  runner,  git. 

Tedious,    a.     I.   Wearisome  {in    consequence    of 
beifig  prolonged),    tiresome,    operuse,    irksome, 
fatiguing,  too  long,  monotonous,  trying. 
2.    Slow,  sluggish,  tardy,  dilatory. 

Tediousness,  n.  Wearisomeness,  tiresomeness, 
irksomeness,  tedium. 

Tedium,  «.     See  Tediousness. 

Teem,  v.  «.     I.    Bring  forth,  produce,  bear. 

2.  Conceive,  be  pregnant,  engender  young. 

3.  Abound,  be  full,  oe  prolific,  be  stocked. 
Teemful,  a.     Pregnant,  prolific. 

Teeming,  a.  Fraught,  replete,  full,  prolific,  preg- 
nant, overflowing. 

Teeter,  v.  «.  [  U.  S.'\  Seesaw,  titter,  titter-totter, 
tetter-totter. 

Teething,  «.     Dentition. 

Teetotal,  a.     {Colloq)     Entire,  complete,  total. 

TeetOtalism,  n.  {Colloq.)  Totail  abstinence, 
strict  temperance. 

Tegument,  «.     I.  Covering,    cover,    integument, 
capsule,  case. 
2.   Skin. 

Tehee,  v.  n.    {Colloq.)    Giggle,  titter. 

Telamones,  «.  //.    Atlantes. 

Teledu,  n.     Stinkard  {Mydaus  tneliceps). 

Telegram,  «.     Telegraphic  despatch. 

Telegraph,  «.     Semaphore. 

Telegraph,  v.  a.  Convey  by  telegraph,  announce 
by  telegraph. 

Telescope,  «.     Spyglass. 

Tell,  V.  a.  I.  Number,  count,  enumerate,  com- 
pute, reckon,  run  over,  sum  up,  take  an  account 
of,  mention  one  by  one. 

2.  Relate,  recount,  rehearse,  narrate,  describe, 
report,  give  an  account  of. 

3.  Disclose,  reveal,  divulge,   confess,   betray, 
acknowledge,  own,  declare,  make  known. 

4.  Acquaint,    teach,    inform,    apprise,    make 
known  to,  explain  to,  instruct,  communicate  to. 

5.  Discern,   discover,   make  out,  distinguish, 
find  out. 

6.  Express,  utter,  speak,  state,  mention,  com- 
municate, publish,  speak  of,  make  mention  oL 

Tell,  V.  n.     I.   Give  account,  make  report. 
2.  {Colloq. )    Take  eflfect,  be  effective. 
Telling,  a.     Effective,  powerful. 
Tell  of.      I.   Speak   of,   mention,  narrate  or  de- 
scribe. 
2.    Inform  against,  disclose  some  fault  of. 
Tell  off.     Count  off,  detach,  distribute. 
Tell-tale,  «.     Tattler,  talebearer,  blabber. 
Tell-tale,  a.     Babbling,  tattling,  blabbing. 
Telluric,  a.    Terrestrial,  earthly. 
Temerity,  «.     Recklessness  {of  disposition),  rash- 
ness,   heedlessness,   venturesomeness,    hastiness, 
i)recipitancy,      inconsiderateness,     presumption, 
bolhardiness,    precipitation,    precipitancy,   over- 
confidence,  audacity. 
Temper,  y.  a.      I.   Modify,  qualify,  mix  in  due 
proportion. 

2.  Soften,  mollify,  assuage,  soothe,  calm,  mod- 
erate, restrain,  pacify,  attemper,  appease. 

3.  Adapt,  fit,  suit,  adjust,  accommodate. 

4.  Bring  to  the  right  degree  of  hardness  {as 
iron,  by  sudden  cooling). 

5.  Anneal. 


TEMPER 


428 


TENOR 


Temper,  «.     I.   Due  mixture,  just  combination. 

2.  Constitution,  temperament,  nature,  organ- 
ization. 

3.  Disposition,  humor,  frame,  mood,  grain. 

4.  Calmness,  moderation,  equanimity,  compos- 
ure, tranquillity. 

5.  Degree  of  hardness. 

6.  {Colloq.)  Anger,  passion,  irritation,  heat 
of  mind. 

Tempera,  «.     {Painting;.)     Distemper. 

Temperament,  «.  Constitution,  temper,  nature, 
organization,  idiosyncrasy,  habit. 

Temperance,  «.  I.  Moderation,  sobriety,  sober- 
ness, self-control. 

2.  (Rare.)  Patience,  calmness,  sedatencjs, 
contentment,  moderation. 

Temperate,  a.     l.    Moderate. 

2.  Abstemious,  moderate. 

3.  Chaste,  continent. 

4.  Cool,  calm,  dispassionate,  sedate,  sober. 
Temperature,  «.     Degree  of  heat. 

Tempest,  «.  I.  Storm,  hurricane,  gale,  squall, 
tornado,  violent  wind  {usually  accompanied  with 
rain,  hail,  or  snow,  and  sometimes  with  thunder 
and  lightning). 

2.  Excitement,  tumult,  disturbance,  commo- 
tion, turmoil,  perturbation,  violent  outbreak. 

Tempestuous,  a.  I.  Stormy,  windy,  breezy, 
squally,  gusty,  blustering,   boisterous. 

2.  Violent,  turbulent,  tumultuous,  impetuous, 
stormy. 

Temple, «.    I.  Fane. 

2.  Church,  house  of  worship,  house  of  God, 
meeting-house. 

3.  Place  of  worship. 

Tempo,  n.     {Mus.)    Time,  degree  of  movement. 
Temporal,  a.     I.   Worldly,   terrestrial,   mundane, 
secular,  of  this  world,  of  this  life. 

2.  Transient,  fleeting,  temporary,  transitory. 

3.  Civil,  political. 

Temporary,  a.  Transitory,  transient,  fleeting, 
evanescent,  ephemeral,  short-lived,  temporal, 
brief,  for  a  time,  of  short  duration. 

Temporize,  v.  «.  Trim,  comply  with  occasions, 
yield  to  circumstances,  fall  in  with  current  opin- 
ion, act  the  time-server,  be  on  the  fence,  wait  to 
see  which  way  the  cat  will  jump. 

Temporizer,  «.     Trimmer,  time-server. 

Tempt,  V.  a.     I.  Try,  test,  prove,  put  to  trial. 

2.  Entice  {especially  to  evil),  allure,  seduce, 
decoy,  induce,  inveigle,  persuade,  prevail  upon, 
draw  on.  bring  over,  lure. 

3.  Incite,  instigate,  provoke,  incline,  dispose, 
prompt,  endeavor  to  persuade,  lead. 

4.  Attempt,  venture  on,  essav,  try. 
Temptation,    «.      I.     Enticement    {especially   io 

evil),  allurement. 

2.  Bribe,  bait,  lure  , decoy,  golden  apple,  voice 
of  the  tempter,  song  of  the  sirens. 

Tempter,  «.  I.  Seducer,  prompter,  instigator, 
siren,  Circe,  Satan. 

2.  Satan,  the  Devil,  Lucifer,  Belial,  Beelze- 
bub, Prince  of  Darkness,  the  Arch-fiend,  Apoll- 
yon,  Abaddon,  the  Evil  One,  the  Author  of  Evil, 
the  Old  Serpent,  the  Prince  of  this  World,  the 
Foul  Fiend. 

Tempting,  a.  Alluring,  attractive,  seductive,  en- 
ticing. 

Tenable,  a.  Defensible,  maintainable,  capable  of 
being  held  or  defended. 

Tenacious,  a.     I.    Retentive,  apt  to  retain. 

2.  Adhesive,  sticky,  glutinous,  viscous,  cohe- 
sive, smeary,  dauby,  clinging. 

3.  Stubborn,  obstinate,  pertinacious,  opinion- 
ated, opinionative,  positive. 

Tenaciousness,  «.  Retentiveness,  firmness,  ad- 
hesiveness. 


Tenacious  of.    Persistent  in  holding,  pertinacious 

in  maintaining,  holding  fast,  holding  tight. 
Tenacity,  «.     I.    Retentiveness,  tenaciousness. 

2.  Adhesiveness,  cohesiveness,  glutinousness, 
viscidity,  toughness. 

3.  Stubbornness,  pertinacity,  obstinacy,  firm- 
ness, persistency. 

Tenancy,  «.  Holding  tenure,  temporary  posses- 
sion, occupancy. 

Tenant,  «.  Occupier,  occupant,  resident,  dweller, 
lessee,  renter. 

TenantaWe,  a.     Habitable, 

Tend,  v.  a.  I.  Watch,  guard,  keep,  protect,  at- 
tend, accompany,  nurse,  take  care  of,  wait  on, 
look  after. 

2.  Attend  to,  be  attentive  to,  note  carefully, 
mind. 

Tend,  V.  n.     I.   Attend,  wait,  serve,  be  attendant. 

2.  Incline,  lean,  verge,  trend,  make. 

3.  Be  directed,  aim,  exert  influence. 

4.  Conduce,  contribute,  lead. 

5.  Tend  to,  attend,  mind. 

Tendency,  «.  Inclination,  leaning,  direction, 
determination,  bearing,  bent,  bias,  drift,  course, 
aim,  scope,  proclivity,  aptitude,  proneness,  pre- 
disposition, propensity,  turn,  disposition,  liabil- 
ity. 

Tender,  a.     I.    Soft,  delicate. 

2.  Weak,  feeble,  young,  infantile,  youthful. 

3.  Effeminate,  feminine,  womanly,  delicate. 

4.  Sensitive,  easily  pained. 

5.^  Compassionate,  kind,  affectionate,  sympa- 
thetic, pitiful,  merciful,  lenient,  mild,  tender- 
hearted. 

6.  Gentle,  mild,  lenient. 

7.  Pathetic,  affecting,  touching. 

8.  Painful  {to  speak  of  or  treat  of),  unpleas- 
ant, disagreeable. 

9.  Dear,  precious,  valuable. 

Tender,  v.  a.     Offer,  proffer,  present,  volunteer. 

Tender,  «.     I.    Attendant. 
2.   Offer,  proffer,  proposal. 

Tender-hearted,  a.  Affectionate,  kind,  compas- 
sionate, sympathetic,   merciful,  tender,  pitiful. 

Tenderly,  ad.     Mildly,  gently,  softly,  kindly. 

Tenderness,  «.  I.  Softness,  delicacy,  want  of 
firmness. 

2.  Weakness,  want  of  strength,  feebleness. 

3.  Effeminacy,  womanly  quality. 

4.  Soreness,  sensitiveness. 

5.  Sensibility,  susceptibility. 

6.  Compassion,  kindness,  sympathy,  affection, 
pity,  love,  gentleness,  benevolence,  leniency, 
clemency,  sensibility,  mildness,  benignity,  hu- 
manity, loving-kindness. 

7.  Pathos,  softness. 

8.  Caution,  carefulness,  scrupulousness,  cau- 
tious care. 

Tender  of.  Careful  not  to  injure,  concerned 
about. 

Tendon, «.    Sinew. 

Tendril,  «     {Bot.)    Filament,  cirrus. 

Tenelttious,  a.     See  Tenebrous. 

Tenebrous,  a.  Dark,  dusky,  darksome,  gloomy, 
tenebrious,  caliginous,  shady,  shadowy,  obscure, 
murky,  sombre 

Tenement,  «•  House,  dwelling,  habitation,  domi- 
cile. 

Tenement  of  clay.    Mortal  body. 

Tenet,  n.  Doctrine,  dogma,  opinion,  notion,  prin- 
ciple, position,  belief,  creed,  way  of  thinking. 

Tenor,  «.  I.  Course,  manner,  fashion,  mood, 
form,  cast,  cut,  stamp,  tone,  tendency,  character. 

2.  Meaning,  intent,  purport,  import,  sense, 
spirit,  drift,  gist,  significance. 

3.  {Mus.)  Highest  part  {/or  a  man's 
voice). 


TENSE 


429 


TESTIMONY 


Tense,  a.    Tight,  stretched,  strained,  rigid,  taught. 
Tensile,  a.    Tensible, ductile. 
Tension,  «•     I.    Stretching,  straining. 

2.  Stiffness,  tenseness,  rigor,  tensity. 

3.  Strain,  rigor,  severe  effort. 

4.  Strain. 

5.  (Phys.)    Expansive  force,  elastic  force. 
Tent,  «.     I.   Pavilion,  portable  lodge. 

2.   Tent-wine. 
Tentacle,  «.     Feeler. 

Tentacula,  ». //.     [L.]    Feelers,  tentacles. 
Tentative,   a.      Trying,    essaying,    experimental, 

empirical,  probative. 
Tentn, «.    Tithe. 
Ten  thousand.    Myriad. 
Tenuity,  n.     I.  Thinness. 

2.  Slenderness,  fineness. 

3.  Rarity,  rareness,  thinness. 
Tenuons,  a.     I.   Thin,  slender,  small,  minute. 

2.    Rare,  thin,  subtile. 
Tenure,  «.     I.  {Law.)    Manner   or  prindple   of 

holding  {lands  and  tenements). 

2.    Holdmg,  use,  occupation,  occupancy,  pos- 
session {yor  the  time). 
Tepid,  a.     Lukewarm,  slightly  warm,  moderately 

warm. 
Tepor,  «.    Tepidness,  lukewarmness,  gentle  heat, 

tepidity. 
Teredo,  «.     Ship-worm. 
Tergal,  a.     Dorsal. 
Tergiversation,  «.    I.  Evasion,  shift,  subterfuge, 

shifting. 
2.   Vacillation,  veering,  fickleness,  instability, 

inconstancy,  change  of  mind. 
Term,   n,     I.   Limit,    boundary,   bound,  confine, 

bourn,  mete,  terminus. 

2.  Time,  season,  spell,  space  of  time,  period 
of  time. 

3.  Word  {considered  as  having  a  definite 
meaning;  particularly  a  technical  word),  ex- 
pression, name,  denomination. 

4.  Member  {of  a  syllogism,  of  an  equation,  of 
a  fraction.,  of  a  proportion,  etc?}. 

Term,  v.  a.      Designate,  denominate,  name,  style, 

entitle,  call,  phrase,  dub,  christen. 
Termagant,  «.      Scold,  shrew,  vixen,  virago,  hag, 

beldam,    Xantippe,   brawling  woman,   turbulent 

woman, 
Termes,    «.      [L.  //.    Termites.^      White    ant, 

termite. 
Terminal,  a.     I.    Limiting,  bounding. 

2.  Final,  ultimate. 

3.  {Bot.)    Terminating. 

Terminal,  «.     I.   Termination,  extremity,  end. 

2.   Termination,  limit,  bound. 
Terminate,  v.  a.     I.    Bound,  limit,  set  bounds  to. 

2.  End,  conclude,  complete,  close,  finish,  bring 
to  an  end,  put  an  end  to. 

3.  Bring  to  completion,  finish,  complete- 
Terminate,  v.  n.     I.    End,  cease,  be  limited,  stop 

short,  come  to  an  eVid. 

2.  End,  close,  come  to  an  end. 

3.  Eventuate,  issue,  prove,  turn  ont. 

Termination,  «.    I.  Ending. 

2.  Limit,  bound,  extent. 

3.  End,  conclusion. 

4.  End,  conclusion,  completion,  issue,  result, 
consequence,  effect. 

Terminative,  a.  Terminating,  determining,  abso- 
lute, definitive. 

Terminatory,  a.    Terminating,  limiting. 

Terminology,  «      Nomenclature. 

Terminus,  «.  [L. //.  Termini.'\  I.  Boundary, 
border,  limit,  term,  mete. 

2.  Term,  termmal  figure. 

3.  End 

Termite,  n.    Tennes,  white  ant 


Terms,  «.  pi.  Conditions,  stipulations,  provisions, 
articles  of  agreement. 

Tern,  «.     Sea-swallow. 

Ternary,  a.     Triplicate,  threefold. 

Ternary,  «•     Ternion,  number  three,  three. 

Terrace,  «.     Plateau,  esplanade. 

Terra  COtta.     [It.]     Baked  clay. 

Terra  firma.     [L.]     Firm  earth,  solid  ground. 

Terra  incognita.  [L.]  Unknown  ground,  unex- 
plored ground. 

Terra  Japonica.  [L.]  Catechu,  gambier,  cutch, 
Japan  earth. 

Terra  ponderosa.     [L.]     Barytes,  heavy  spar. 

Terra  Sienna.  [It.]  sienna,  silicate  of  iron  and 
alumina. 

Terrene,  a.     I.    Earthy,  of  earth. 
2.    Earthly,  terrestri.il,  worldly. 

Terrestrial,  a.  Earthly,  sublunary,  mundane, 
worldly,  terrene,  subastral,  subcelestial. 

Terrible,  a.  I.  Frightful,  horrible,  dreadful,  for- 
midable, fearful,  terrific,  dire,  tremendous,  shock- 
ing, grewsome,  horrid,  hideous. 

2.  Awful,  awe-inspiring,  dreadful,  dread. 

3.  {ColloQ.)    Excessive,  extreme,  severe,  great. 
Terribly,  ad.     I.   Dreadfully,  horribly,  formida- 
bly. 

2.   {Collog.)    Violently,  very  much. 

Terrific,  a.  Frightful,  tremendous,  fearful,  dread- 
ful, formidable,  terrible. 

Terrify,  v.  a.  Frighten,  fright,  affright,  alarm, 
scare,  horrify,  appall,  daunt,  strike  with  terror, 
petrify  with  terror,  shock,  dismay. 

Territory,  «.  Country,  domain,  district,  quarter, 
province,  land. 

Terror,    «.        I.     Consternation,     fright,    alarm, 
affright,  panic,  horror,  dismay,  intimidation,  ter- 
rorism, great  fear,  extreme  dread. 
2.   Cause  of  fear. 

Terrorism,  «.     I.    Government  by  terror. 
2.   State  of  terror,  reign  of  terror. 

Terse,  a.  Concise  {with  elegance),  brief,  compact, 
neat,  pithy,  sententious,  succinct,  free  from  super- 
fluity, polished,  smooth. 

Tertium  quid.     [L.]    A  third  something. 

Terzetto.    [It.]   Trio. 

Tessellated,  a.     Checkered,  inlaid,  mosaic. 
Test,  «.     I.    Experiment,  trial,  proof,  ordeal. 

2.  Criterion,  standard,  touchstone. 

3.  Proof,  exhibition,  example. 

4.  Discriminative    characteristic,    ground     of 
admission  or  exclusion. 

5.  Judgment,  distinction,  discrimination. 

6.  {Chem.)     Reagent. 

Test,  V.  a.     I.  Try,  prove,  subject  to  trial,  put  to 
the  proof,  experiment  upon,  make  trial  of,  make 
an  experiment  with,  give  a  trial  to. 
2.   Assay. 

Testacea,  «.  //.    See  Testaceans. 

Testaceans,  «  //.  Shell-fish  {tvith  thick  entire 
shells  like  the  clam),  mollusks. 

Testaceology, «.    Conchology. 

Testament,  «.     Will,  last  will  and  testament. 

Tested,  a.     Tried,  pure,  assayed. 

Testify,  v.  n.  I.  Depose,  state,  aflSrm,  declare, 
bear  witness,  depone. 

2.  (Law.)     Declare  under  oath  or  affirma- 
tion. 

Testify,  v.  a.  I.  Attest,  depose,  state,  declare, 
affirm,  bear  witness  to,  vouch  for,  asseverate 

2.    {Law. )     Declare  under  oath  or  affirma- 
tion. 

Testify  against.     Declare  a  charge,  protest. 

Testimonial,  n.     I.   Credential,  certificate,  recom* 
mendation,  voucher. 
2.    Monument,  remembrancer,  record. 

Testimony,  «.  I.  Affirmation,  declaration,  de- 
position, attestation. 


TESTINESS 


430 


THEOLOGY 


2.  Affirmation,  confirmation,  declaration,  cor- 
roboration. 

3.  Profession,  open  attestation. 

4.  Proof  (by  a  witness),  evidence,  witness, 
ground  of  belief. 

5.  Manifestation,  expression. 

6.  Sacred  Scriptures,  divine  revelation. 
Testiness,  «.     Fretfulness,  peevishness,  petulance, 

irascibility,  irritability,  hastiness,  techiness,  touch- 
iness. 

Testudinated,  a.     Vaulted,  roofed,  arched. 

Testy,  a.  Peevish,  petulant,  fretful,  pettish,  touchy, 
cross,  waspish,  snappish,  choleric,  splenetic,  iras- 
cible, irritable,  captious,  hasty,  quick,  peppery. 

Tetanus,  «.  [L.]  {Med.)  Spasm,  spasmodic 
contraction  of  the  muscles. 

Tete-k-t6te.  [Fr.]  I.  (Adverbially.)  Face  to 
face,  cheek  by  jowl,  privately,  confidentially, 
familiarily,  vis-h-vis. 

2.  (As  a  noun.)  Close  conversation,  private 
conversation,  familiar  conference,  private  inter- 
view. 

Tether,  n.     Tedder. 

Tetrachord,  «.    (Mus.)    Diatessaron,  fourth. 

Tetrad,  «.     Four,  quaternion. 

Tetrahedral,  a.     Four-sided. 

Tetter,  «.     Herpes,  fret,  ringworm. 

Tetter-totter,  v.  n.  See-saw,  teeter,  titter,  titter- 
totter,  titter-cum-totter. 

Text,  n.  I.  Body  (of  a  literary  work,  as  distin- 
guished from  cotnments),  true  copy. 

2.  Verse  (of  Scripture),  passage,  sentence, 
clause,  paragraph. 

3.  Topic,  subject,  theme,  thesis. 
Text-book,  «•     Manual  of  instruction,  educational 

treatise,  school-bock. 
Textile,  a.     I.    Woven. 

2.   Textorial,  pertaining  to  textrine  weaving. 
Textuary,  a.     I.  Textual,  contained  in  the  text. 

2.    Authoritative. 
Texture,  «.     I.    Fabric,  web,  weft. 

2.  Manner  of  weaving,  make,  intertexture. 

3.  Structure,  make,  organization,  constitution, 
tissue,  grain,  contexture. 

Thank,  v.  a.  Return  thanks  to,  make  acknowl- 
edgments to,  express  gratitude. 

Thankful,  a.  Grateful  (with  a  desire  to  give 
thanks),  obliged,  beholden,  indebted,  under  obli- 
gation. 

Thankfulness,  «.  Gratitude  (with  a  desire  to 
acknowledge  it),  sense  of  obligation,  feeling  of 
obligation. 

Thankless,  a.     I.   Ungrateful,  unthankful. 

2.  Unpleasant  (as  a  service  not  likely  to  be 
repaid  by  thanks),  disagreeable,  undesirable, 
unacceptable,  ungracious 

Thanks,  n.  pi.  Acknowledgments  (for  favors), 
expressions  of  gratitude. 

Thank -worthy,  a.    Meritorious. 

Thaumaturglcs, «.  Legerdemain,  prestidigitation, 
sleight  of  hand. 

Thau matur gist,  «.  Necromancer,  sorcerer,  magi- 
cian, conjurer,  juggler,  seer,  wizard,  prestidigi- 
tator, wonder-worker. 

Thaumaturgy,  «.  Necromancy,  magic,  sorcery, 
witchcraft,  theurgy,  wonder-working,  the  black 
art,  feats  of  magic,  occult  art. 

Thaw,  V.  n.  Melt  (after  freezing),  dissolve, 
liquefy,  become  fluid. 

Thaw,  V.  a.     Melt  (something frozen),  dissolve. 

Thawing,  «.     Melting,  dissolvmg,  liquefaction. 

Thawy,  a.     Melting,  thawing. 

Thea,  «.     (Bot.)    Tea-plant. 

The  Advocate.     See  Christ. 

The  Almighty.     God,  Jehovah. 

The  Anointed.     See  Christ. 

The  Arch-enemy.    See  Satan. 


The  Arch-fiend.    See  Satan. 

Theatre,  «.     I.    Playhouse. 

2.   Scene,  stage,  field,  arena,  seat. 

Theatrical,  a.     I.   Dramatic,  scenic,  histrionic. 
2.   Ostentatious,     showy,    pompous,    ceremo- 
nious. 

Theatricals,  «.  //.     Dramatic  performances. 

The  Bible.  The  Scriptures,  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments,  the  sacred  volume,  the  Word,  the 
Word  of  God,  Holy  Writ,  inspired  writings. 

The  blues.  Melancholy,  dejection,  depression, 
gloominess,  sadness,  despondency,  hypochondria, 
dumps,  megrims,  vapors,  low  spirits,  blue  devils, 
depression  of  spirits,  the  dismals,  doldrums. 

The  boards.     The  stage  (of  a  theatre). 

The  community.  Men,  persons,  folk,  society,  the 
people,  the  public,  the  world,  the  general  public. 

The  Deity.     God,  the  Almighty. 

The  dismals.     See  The  blues. 

The  Dove.  Paraclete,  Comforter,  the  Holy  Ghost, 
the  Holy  Spirit,  the  Spirit,  the  Spirit  of  God,  the 
Sanctifier,  the  Spirit  of  Truth. 

The  Eternal.    See  God. 

The  Evil  One.     See  Satan. 

The  fair.  Women,  the  fair  sex,  the  female  sex, 
womankind,  the  sex,  the  softer  sex. 

The  Father.    See  God. 

The  Foul  Fiend.     See  Satan. 

Theft,  «.     I.    Larceny,  robbery,  stealing,  pilfering, 

purloining,  thievery. 
2.   Peculation,  embezzlement,  fraud,  swindling, 

thievery,  thieving. 
The  great.     Greatpersons,  persons  of  rank,  people 

of  distinction. 
The    Great   Bear.      Charies's  Wain,  the  Wain, 

Ursa  Major. 
The  Holy  Spirit.    The  Sanctifier,  the  Holy  Ghost, 

Paraclete,   Comforter,  the   Spirit,  the   Spirit  of 

God. 
The  horrors.     Delirium  tremens,  mania  a  potu. 
The  humanities.     Belles-lettres,  polite  literature, 

elegant  literature. 
Theine,  n.     Caffeine. 

The  Infinite.    See  God. 

The  Intercessor.    See  Christ. 

Theism,  «.     Belief  in  God. 

The  Lesser  Bear.     See  The  Little  Bear. 

The    LitUe    Bear.    The     Lesser     Bear,     Ursa 

Minor. 
The  Logos.    Christ. 
The  Lord's  Day.    Sunday,  the  Christian  Sabbath, 

the  day  of  rest. 
Theme,  «.     I.   Subject,  topic,  text,  thesis. 

2.  Short  dissertation,  essay,  composition  (as  a 
school  exercise ). 

3.  (Gram.)    Radical  verb. 
The  Mediator.     See  Christ. 
The  Messiah.     See  Christ. 

The  Muses.    The  tuneful  Nine,  the  tuneful  quire. 
Then,  ad.     I.  At  that  time. 

2.  Afterwards,  afterward,  soon  afterward. 

3.  Therefore,  for  this  reason,  on  that  account. 

4.  At  another  time,  hereafter,  sooner  or  later. 

5.  That  time. 

Then,  conj.     In  that  case,  in  consequence,  there- 
fore. 
Thence,  ad.    I.   From  that  place. 

2.  Thenceforth,  from  that  time. 

3.  Therefore,   then,   for  that  reason,   on  that 
account. 

Thenceforth,  ad.    Thence,    thenceforward,    from 

that  time. 
Thenceforward,  ad.     From  that  time  onward. 
Theocracy,  «.     Thearchv,  government  by  God. 
The  Old  Serpent.     See  Satan. 
Theologian,  «.     Divine,  theologist. 
Theology,  «.     Divinity,  theologies,  true  doctrine 


THEOREM 


431 


THIEVE 


a.     Curative. 


concerning  God  and  His  relations  to  man,  scien- 
tific statement  of  the  facts  of  religion. 

Theorem,  «.  Proposition  {lo  be  demonstrated), 
p>osition,  dictum,;  thesis. 

Theoretic,      I  a.     Speculative,  conjectural,  hypo- 

Theoretical, )     thetical. 

Theorist,  «.    See  Theorizer. 

Theorize,  v.  n.     Speculate,  form  theories. 

Theorizer,  «.  Speculator,  theorist,  man  of  ab- 
stractions, philosopher. 

Theory,  «.  I.  Speculation,  hypothesis,  assump- 
tion, conjecture,  postulate,  plan,  scheme,  system. 

2.  Science,  philosophy,  doctrine,  abstract  prin- 
ciples. 

3.  Exposition,  rationale. 

4.  Philosophical  explanation. 
The  people.     See  The  public. 

The  poor.  The  indigent,  beggars,  paupers, 
mendicants. 

The  Porch.  The  Stoic  philosophy,  philosophy  of 
Zeno,  stoicism. 

The  Preserver.    See  God. 

The  Prince  of  Darkness.    See  Satan. 

The  public.  Persons,  men,  society,  the  people, 
the  community,  the  world. 

The  quality.  Nobility,  gentry,  aristocracy,  per- 
sons of  rank,  noblesse. 

Therapeutic, 

Therapeutical 

There,  ad.     In  that  place. 

Thereabout,    \ad.     I.   Nearly,  about  that,  some- 

ThereaboutS,  J     where  about  that. 

2.   Near  that  place. 
Thereafter,     ad.      I.    Afterward,     subsequently, 

after  that. 
2.   Accordingly,  according  to  that. 
Thereby,  ad.    By  that  means,  in  consequence  of 

that. 
The  Redeemer.    See  Christ. 
Therefor,  ad.     For  that  or  this  or  it. 
Therefore,   conj.  and  ad.     I.  Thence,    then,    for 

that  reason,  on  that  account,  for  that. 

2.  Consequently,  accordingly,  by  consequence. 

3.  In  return  or  recompense  for  this  or  that,  in 
consideration  of. 

Therefrom,  ad.     From  this  or  that. 

Therein,  ad.    In  that,  in  this,  in  that  particular. 

Thereof,  ad.     Of  that,  of  this. 

Thereon,  ad.     On  that,  on  this. 

Thereto,  ad.    To  that,  to  this. 

Thereupon,  ad.     I.   Upon  that,  upon  this. 

2.  In  consequence  of  that,  on  account  of  that. 

3.  Immediatelv,  at  once,  without  delay. 
Therewith,  ad.     With  that,  with  this. 
Theriac, «.    See  Theriaca. 

Theriaca,  «.  {Med.)  Treacle,  theriac,  Venice 
treacle  {Theriaca  Andromachi). 

Thermal,  a.    I.   Warm,  hot. 
2.   As  respects  heat. 

The  Sabbath.  Tlie  Lord's  day,  the  seventh  day, 
the  dav  of  rest. 

The  Sanctifier.     See  The  Spirit. 

Thesaurus,  «.     [L.]     I,   Treasury,  storehouse. 
2.    Repository  {especially  of  knowledge). 

The  Saviour.    See  Christ. 

Thesis,  «.  I.  Proposition,  position,  dictum,  doc- 
trine. 

2.  Theme,  subject,  topic,  text. 

3.  Essay,  dissertation,  composition. 

4.  {Log.)    Affirmation. 

The  Spirit.  Holy  Spirit,  Holy  Ghost,  the  Spirit  of 
God,  the  Sanctifier,  the  Paraclete,  the  Comforter- 

The  subscriber.    The  undersigned. 

The  Tempter.     See  Satan. 

The  Trinity.  God,  the  Almighty,  the  Godhead, 
the  Holy  Trinity,  the  Triune  God. 

The  Twins.     {Astron.)    Gemini. 


The  undersigned.    The  subscriber  <»r  subscribers. 
Theurgy,    «•     Necromancy,    witchcraft,    sorcery, 

magic,  thaumaturgy,  wouder-working,  the  black 

art. 
The  vulgar.    The    populace,  the  multitude,   the 

rabble,  the  crowd,  the  common  people. 
The   Wain.     Charles's    Wain,    the  Great  Bear, 

Ursa  Major. 
The  Wicked  One.    See  Satan. 
The  Word.     I.   Christ,  the  Logos. 
2.  The  Bible,  the  Word  of  God. 
Thews,  «.//.     Muscles,  sinews,  brawn,  muscular 

strength,  nerve. 
Thewy,  a.     Muscular,  sinewy,  brawny,  strong. 
Thick,  a.     I.    Not  thin  {in  measure). 

2.  Dumpy,  squab,  squat,  plump,  bulky,  solid. 

3.  Dense. 

4.  Dense,  gross,  inspissate,  inspissated,  gru- 
mous. 

5.  Misty,  cloudy,  foggy,  hazy,  dirty,  vaporous, 
vapory. 

6.  Turbid,  muddy,  roiled. 

7.  Abundant,  frequent,  numerous,  multitudi- 
nous. 

8.  Compact,  crowded,  close,  closely  set,  dense. 

9.  Indistinct,  inarticulate,  confused. 

10.  Dull,  not  quick. 

11.  Dim,  indistinct,  weak. 

12.  {Colloq.)      Intimate,    familiar,    neighborly, 
well-acquainted,  friendly,  hand  and  glove. 

Thick,  n.     Thickest  part. 

Thick,  ad.     I.    Frequently,  fast,  quick. 

2.  Densely,  closely,  thickly. 

3.  To  a  great  depth. 

Thick  and  thin,     whatever  is  in  the  way,  all  ob- 
stacles, impediments. 
Thicken,  v.  a.     I.    Inspissate,  make  dense. 

2.  Make  close,  make  compact. 

3.  Make  frequent. 

Thicken,  v.   n.     I.   Grow  thick,   become  inspis- 
sated. 

2.  Concrete,    become  solid,  be  consolidated, 
condense,  solidify. 

3.  Become    obscure,    become    dark,    become 
dim. 

4.  Press,  crowd,  become  close,  become  com- 
pact, increase. 

5.  Become  animated,  grow  quick,  become  con- 
fused. 

Thicket,  «.     Grove,  copse,  wood,  forest,  coppice, 

jungle,  brake,  bocage. 
Thick-head,  «.     See  Thick-skull. 
Thick  Up.     Blobber-lip. 
Thick-lipped,  a.     Blobber-lipped. 
Thickly,  ad.     I.   Closely,  densely,  compactly. 

2.  Deeply,  to  a  great  depth. 

3.  Quickly. 

Thickness,  n.     I.   The  third  dimension. 

2.  Denseness,  density,  compactness. 

3.  Consistence,  grossness,  spissitude. 

4.  Indistinctness. 

Thickset,  a.     I.   Close-planted,  dense. 
2.   Stout,  massive,  strongly  built. 

Thick-skinned,  a.     Dull,  obtuse,  insensible,  un- 
susceptible, callous. 

Thick-skull,  «.     Blockhead,  dunce,  dullard,  dolt, 
numskull,  thick-head. 

Thick-skuUed,   a.     Stupid,    dull,    heavy,    thick- 
headed, doltish,  foolish. 

Thief,  n.     I.  Pilferer,  petty  robber,  filch er. 

2.  Swindler,  peculator,  embezzler,  defrauder, 
sharper,  defaulter. 

3.  Pickpocket,  cutpurse,  pick -purse. 

4.  Burglar,  ho'i<;e-breaker,  cracksman  (cani). 

5.  Footpad,  highwayman. 
Thieve,  v.  n.     I.   Steal,  pilfer,  purloin. 

2.   Swindle,  peculate,  shark. 


THIEVERY 


432 


THOUGHT 


3.   Plapiarize. 
Thievery,  «.     I.  Theft,  larceny,  stealing,   thiev- 
ing, pilfering,  filching,  petty  robbery,  petty  lar- 
ceny. 

2.  Peculation,  embezzlement,  theft,  fraud, 
swindling. 

3.  Plagiarism. 
Thieving,  «.    See  Thievery. 

Thievish,  a.  I.  Given  to  stealing,  inclined  to 
theft,  light-fingered. 

2.   Sly,  secret,  stealthy,  underhand,  like  a  thief. 

Thievishness,  «.  Cleptomania,  klopemania,  pro- 
pensity to  steal,  mania  for  stealing. 

Thigh-bone,  n.    Femur. 

Thill-horse,  n.     Shaft-horse,  thiller. 

Thills,  «.  //.     Shafts. 

ThimWe-berry,  «.  Black  raspberry  [Rubusocci- 
dentalis). 

Thimbleful,  «.     I.  As  much  as  a  thimble  holds. 
2.   Sip,  sup,  drop,  swallow,  mouthful,  spoon- 
ful, taste. 

Thin,  a.     I.    Not  thick  {in  measure). 

2.  Slender,  slim,  meagre,  lean,  poor,  gaunt, 
scraggy,  skinny,  lank,  scrawny,  shrunk,  emaci- 
ated. 

3.  Meagre,  poor,  slender,  not  well-grown. 

4.  Fine,  slender,  small,  tenuous,  delicate, 
thread-like,  fine-spun. 

5.  Rare,  subtile,  attenuated,  dilute,  tenuous. 

6.  Sparse,  scanty. 

7.  Slight,  flimsy,  light,  gossamery,  delicate, 
unsubstantial. 

8.  Small,  fine,  faint,  low,  feeble,  slight,  light. 
Thin,  V.  a.     I.    Make  thin. 

_  2.   Rarefy,  attenuate,  dilute,  make  less  dense. 

Thing,    «.     I.    Being    {animate    or    inanimate), 

creature,  substance,  body,  object,  created  being. 

2.  Inanimate  object,  lump  of  matter,  lifeless 
substance. 

3.  Event,  transaction,  deed,  act,  action,  occur- 
rence, circumstance,  matter. 

4.  Part,  portion,  something. 

5.  [pi.]     C\oihes  {coliog.). 

6.  [//•]  Furniture,  appurtenances,  chattels, 
goods,  effects,  movables  {colloq.). 

Think,  v.  «.  I,  Cogitate,  reflect,  meditate,  pon- 
der, muse,  contemplate,  exercise  the  mind,  rumi- 
nate, speculate. 

2.  Deliberate,  consider,  reason. 

3.  Conclude,  determine,  judge,  suppose,  imag- 
ine, fancy,  believe,  deem,  opine,  ween,  have  an 
opinion,  be  of  opinion,  take  it,  conceive,  appre- 
hend. 

4.  Remember,  call  to  mind. 

5.  Purpose,  intend,  design,  mean,  have  in 
mind. 

6.  Presume,  venture,  dare. 

Think,  v,  a.  I.  Imagine,  conceive,  entertain  an 
idea  of,  cherish  a  thought  of. 

2.  Consider,  regard,  hold,  believe,  judge,  sup- 
pose, esteem,  deem,  account,  count,  reckon,  look 
upon. 

3.  Plot,  plan,  compass,  contrive,  design. 
Thinkable,  a.     Cogitable,  conceivable. 

Think  ill  of.  Disapprove  of,  object  to,  take  ex- 
ception to,  view  with  disfavor. 

Thinking,  a.  Reasoning,  rational,  cogitative,  re- 
flecting. 

Thinking,  n.     I.   Reflection,   meditation,  cogita- 
tion, musing,  contemplation. 
2.   Judgment,  opinion,  thought,  belief,  mind. 

Think  likely.  Dare  say,  expect,  consider  prob- 
able. 

Think  no  more  of.  I.  Forget,  discard  from 
one's  mind. 

2.  Forgive,  forgive  and  forget,  overlook,  par- 
don, condone,  let  bygones  be  bygones. 


Think  of.     Intend,  purpose,  design,  propose,  have 

in  mind. 
Think  well  of.     I.    Esteem,  have  a  good  opinion 

of,  have  a  high  opinion  of,  think  much  of,  think 

highly  of. 
2.   Approve,  commend,  think  favorably  of. 
Thinness,  «.     I.    Slendemess,    slimness,   meagre- 

ness,  leanness,  gauntness,  emaciation,  lankness. 

2.  Meagreness,  poorness,  slenderness. 

3.  Tenuity,  fineness,  slenderness,  delicacy, 
exiguity. 

4.  lenuity,  rareness. 

5.  Rarity,  rareness,  tenuity,  subtilty,  ethere- 
alness. 

6.  Sparseness,  scantiness,  paucity,  fewness, 
scarcity. 

7.  Flimsiness,  lightness,  delicacy. 
Thin-skinned,  a.     (Colloq.)    Sensitive,   irritable. 
Third,  K.     Third  jiart. 

Third  estate.      Commons,  commonalty. 
Thirst,  «.     I.    Desire  for  drink. 

2.  Desire,  longing,  craving,  hankering,  yearn- 
ing, appetite,  hunger. 

3.  Dryness,  drought,  aridity. 
Thirst,  V.  n.     I.   Desire  to  drink. 

2.   Desire,  long,  crave,  hanker,  yearn. 
Thirsty,  a.     I.    Suffering  from  thirst. 

2.  Dry,  parched,  arid,  without  moisture. 

3.  Longing,  craving,  greedy,  eager. 
Thistle-finch,   n.     Goldfinch  {Carduelis  elegans 

or  Fringilla  carduelis). 

Thither,  ad.     I.  To  that  place,  there. 

2.  To  that  point,  to  that  end,  to  that  result. 

Thole,  n.     Dome,  cupola,  tholus. 

Thong,  n.     Strap,  strip  of  leather,  leathern  string. 

Thorax,  «.     I.  Chest,  trunk  {of  the  body). 
2.   Breast-plate,  corselet,  cuirass. 

Thorn,  «.     I.   Spine,  prickle. 

2.  Annoyance,  plague,  nuisance,  care,  inflic- 
tion, trouble,  scourge,  torment,  bitter  pill,  curse, 
gall  and  wormwood,  evil,  bane,  nettle. 

Thorn-apple,  «.     Stramonium,   stramony,    apple- 
Peru,  Jamestown  weed  {Datura  stramonium). 

Thorn-back,   «.     {Ich.)    Rough  ray  {Rata  da- 
vata). 

Thorny,  a.     I,   Spiny,  spinose,   spinous,   prickly, 
briery. 

2.  Pricking,  sharp,  pointed,  acuminated, 
picked,  spiky,  barbed. 

3.  Troublesome,  vexatious,  annoying,  harass- 
ing, perplexing,  difficult,  rugged,  trying. 

Thorough,  a.      Complete,  entire,   total,  perfect, 
finished. 

Thorough-bass,  «.    {Mus.)    Harmony,  science  of 
harmony. 

Thorough-bred,  a.     I.   Instructed,  accomplished, 
finished,  practised,  qualified,   trained,  proficient, 
able,  well-educated,  well-versed,  aufait. 
2.    Of  full  blood  {as  horses). 

Thoroughfare,   n.     Passage  {free  from  obstruc- 
tion), street,  road,  way. 

Thorough-going,  a.    I.  Very  thorough,  complete, 
radical. 
2.   Extreme,  thorough-paced. 

Thoroughwort,  n.     Boneset,   ague-weed,   Indian 
sage,  feverwort  {Etipatorium  perfohatii?n ). 

Thorp,  «.     Hamlet,  small  village,  dorp. 

Though,  conj.     I.   Although,  granting,  admitting, 
allowing,  notwithstanding  that. 
2.   However,  yet,  nevertheless. 

Thought,   «.      I.   Cogitation,   reflection,    medita- 
tion, musing,  contemplation,  thinking,  notion. 

2.  Idea,  conception,  consideration,  specula- 
tion, study,  deliberation,  pondering. 

3.  Imagination,  conceit,  fancy,  notion. 

4.  Judgment,  conclusion,  opinion,  notion,  sup- 
position, idea,  view. 


THOUGHTFUL 


433 


THROUGH 


5.  Deliberation,  consideration,  reasoning, 
meditation, 

6.  Design,  purpose,  intention. 
Thoughtful,  a.     I.  Contemplative,  reflective,  pen- 
sive,  speculative,  deliberative,  studious,  sedate, 
reflecting. 

2.  Careful,  heedful,  regardful,  mindful,  atten- 
tive, considerate,  circumspect,  wary,  discreet, 
prudent. 

3.  Studious,  serious,  sober,  quiet,  promoting 
thought. 

Thoughtfulness,  «.     I.   Deep  meditation. 
2.    Serious  attention,  anxiety,  sohcitude. 

Thoughtless,  a  I.  Heedless,  regardless,  careless, 
neglectful,  negligent,  inattentive,  inconsiderate, 
unmindful,  unobservant,  remiss,  unwatchtul,  in- 
advertent, flighty,  reckless,  hare-brained,  giddy- 
brained,  light-headed,  giddy. 

2.  Stupid,  dull,  insensate,  unthinking,  block- 
ish. 

3.  Dissipated,  gay,  giddy,  loose. 
Thoughtlessness,   «.      Inattention,   heedlessness, 

carelessness,  absence  of  mind,  inadvertence,  ne- 
glect, oversight. 

Thousand,  n.     I.  Ten  hundred. 

2.    Great  number,  many,  multitude,  myriad. 

Thraldom,  «.  Slavery,  servitude,  subjection,  bon- 
dage, vassalage,  serfdom,  enslavement,  enthral- 
ment,  thrall. 

Thrall,  «.     I.  Slave,  bondman,  vassal,  serf. 
2.    See  Thraldom. 

Thrall,  v.  a.     Enslave,  enthrall. 

Thrash,  v.  a.     I.    Thresh. 

2.  Drub,  maul,  pommel,  beat,  flog,  bruise, 
thwack,  wallop. 

Thrashel,  I        p,  ., 

Thrashle,  ( "•    *'*''• 

Thrasher,  «.     I.  Thresher. 

2.  Fox-shark,  sea-fox,  sea-ape  [Carcharias 
vulpes). 

3.  Brown  thrush,  French  mocking-bird,  brown 
thrasher  (JFurdus  rufus). 

Thrasonical,  a.     I.   \Said  of  things.^    Boasting, 

bragging,  gasconading. 
2.   \_Satd   of  persons.]      Boastful,    bragging, 

vainglorious,  ostentatious,  pretentious. 
Thread,    «.       I.    Filament,    fibre,    small    string, 

slender  cord. 

2.  Filament,  fibre,  pile,  staple. 

3.  Course,  tenor,  drift. 

Thread,  v.  a.     Thrld,  go  through,  pass  through 

Threadbare,  a.     I.    Napless,  worn,  seedy. 

2.  Trite,  hackneyed,  stale,  worn  out,  common, 
commonplace. 

Thread-shaped,  a.     Filiform,  filamentous. 

Threat,  «.     Menace,  denunciation. 

Threaten,  v.  a.     I.   Menace,  denounce. 

2.  Portend,  presage,  forebode,  augur,  fore- 
shadow, prognosticate,  indicate. 

Threaten,  z/.  «.     I.    Use  threats,  use  menaces 

2.  Impend,  be  near  at  hand,  be  imminent, 
stare  one  in  the  face. 

Threatening,  «.     I.   Menacing,  minatory,   mina- 
cious, coniminatory. 
2.    Impending,  impendent,  imminent. 

Threatening,  «.  Commination,  tlireat,  denuncia- 
tion, menace,  menacing. 

Three-capsuled,  a.     (Bot.)    Tricapsular. 

Three-celled,  «.     (Bo/.)    Trilocular. 

Three-Cleft,  a.    (Bot)    Tnfid. 

Three-grained,  a.    (Boi.)   Tricoccous. 

Three-leaved,  tf.     (Boi)    Tnphyllous,  trifoliate. 

Threescore,  a.     Sixty,  thrice  twenty. 

Three  sheets  in  the  wind.  (Sailor's  phrase.) 
Tipsy,  fuddled,  somewhat  intoxicated,  the  worse 
for  liquor,  having  had  a  drop  too  much,  half- 
seas-over. 


Three-valved,  a.     Trivalvular. 

Threnetic,  a.     Sorrowful,  mournful,  dirge-like. 

Threnody,    «.     Song    of    lamentation,     lament, 

requiem,   dirge. 
Thresh,  v.  a.     See  Thrash. 
Threshold, «.    I.  Doorsiil. 

2.  Entrance,  gate,  door. 

3.  Entrance,    outset,    beginning,    commence- 
ment, start,  opening. 

Thrice,  ad.    Three  times. 

Thrid,  v.  a.     Thread,  go  through,  pass  through. 

Thrift,  «.  I.  Success,  prosperity,  gain,  profit, 
luck,  good  fortune. 

2.    Frugality,  thriftiness,   economy,  good-hus- 
bandry, economical  management,  savingness. 

Thriftiness,  «.     See  Thrift. 

Thriftless,  a.  Extravagant,  profuse,  lavish,  prod- 
igal, wasteful,  unthrifty,  too  free,  over-liberal, 
improvident. 

Thrifty,  a.  I.  Frugal,  sparing,  economical,  sav- 
ing, careful,  provident. 

2.  Thriving,  prosperous. 

3.  Vigorous,  growing  well,  flourishing,   thriv- 
ine;. 

Thrill,  V.  a.     I.   Pierce,  bore,  perforate,  drill. 

2.   Penetrate,     pierce,    move,     touch,     affect, 
strike,  agitate,  stir,  inspire. 
Thrill,  7'.  ft.     I.    Penetrate,  pierce. 

2.  Pass  with  a  tremulous    motion,   tremble, 
vibrate. 

3.  Tingle. 

Thrive,  v.  n.  I.  Prosper,  succeed,  get  on,  come 
on,  become  wealthy,  get  rich. 

2.  Grow,  increase,  advance,  flourish,  improve, 
make  improvement. 

3.  Grow,  flourish,  increase  in  bulk. 
Thriving,  a.     I.   Prosperous,  successful,  thrifty, 

flourishing. 
2.   Growing,  flourishing. 

Throat,  «.     I.   Pharynx,  swallow,  gullet,  oesoph- 
agus. 
2.  (5o/.)    Faux. 

Throat-pipe,  «•     wind-pipe,  weasand,  trachea. 

Throb,  V.  n.     Beat,  palpitate,  pulsate. 

Throb,  n.  Beat,  beating,  pulsation,  palpitation, 
throbbing. 

Throbbing,  «.  Beating,  pulsating,  palpitating, 
act  of  pulsating. 

Throe,  «.  Paroxysm  (of  extreme  pain,  especially 
in  childbirth),  fit,  spasm,  anguish,  pang,  agony. 

Throne,  n.     I.    Chair  of  state. 

2.    Sovereignty,  sovereign  power,  sway. 

Throne,  v.    a.     I.    Enthrone,  place   on    a   royal 
seat 
2.   Exalt,  give  an  elevated  place. 

Throng,  n.  Crowd,  multitude,  horde,  press, 
liost. 

Throng,  v.  n.     Crowd,  press,  flock. 

Throng,  v.  a.     Crowd,  fill. 

Throstle,  n.  Mavis,  song-thrush  (Turdus  tnusi- 
cus). 

Throttle,  «.  Windpipe,  trachea,  throat,  wea- 
sand 

Throttle,  v.  a.    Choke,  strangle,  suffocate. 

Throttle,  v.  n.     Choke,  suffocate. 

Through,  prep.  I.  From  one  side,  end,  or  part 
of  to  the  other. 

2.  Between  the  sides  of,  between  the  walls  of, 
within. 

3.  By  means  of,  by  the  agency  of,  in  conse- 
quence of,  by  the  aid  of. 

4.  Over  the  whole  surface  of 

5.  Among,  In  the  midst  of. 

6.  From  beginning  to  end,  to  the  end,  through- 
out. 

Through,  ad.  I.  From  one  side  or  part  to  the 
other. 


28 


THROUGHOUT 


434 


TIDE  OVER 


2.  From  beginning  to  end. 

3.  To  the  end. 

TbrougtlOUt,  prep.  Over,  completely  through, 
quite  through,  through  every  part  oi,  from  one 
extremity  to  the  other  of. 

ThrougllOUtt  ad.  From  beginning  to  end,  from 
first  to  last,  in  every  part,  everywhere,  from 
end  to  end,  from  head  to  foot,  from  top  to 
toe. 

Throw,  V.  a.  I.  Whirl,  cast  in  a  winding  direc- 
tion, hurl. 

2.  Cast,  hurl,  launch,  fling,  send,  toss,  pitch, 
sling,  dart,  lance,  propel,  jaculate,  project,  let 
fly. 

3.  Wind,  twist,  twfst  together. 

4.  Put,  spread. 

5.  Overturn,  prostrate,  throw  down,  lay  flat, 

6.  Put  off,  divest  one's  self  of. 

7.  Cast,  send. 

8.  Drive  by  violence. 

9.  Cast  {at  dice). 

Throw,  V.  n.     Make  a  cast,  cast  dice. 
Throw,  n.     I.    Fling,  cast,  toss. 

2.   Jigger,  potter's  wheel. 
Throw  away.      I.    Lose,  spend  in   vain,   waste. 

2,  Relinquish,  give  up,  cast  off,  throw  by, 
throw  or  heave  overboard,  cast  to  the  winds. 

3.  Reject. 

Throw  back.     I.   Reject,  refuse. 

2.   Retort,  rebuff,  cast  back. 
Throw  by.      Reject,   lay   aside,  cast    off,  throw 

away. 
Throw  cold  water  on.     Chill,  damp,  discourage, 

cool,  quench. 
Throw  down.     I.  Prostrate,  lay  flat. 

2.   Subvert,     overthrow,     destroy,    demolish, 

do  away  with. 
Throw  in.    I.  Inject. 

2.  Put  in. 

3.  Relinquish,  ^ive  up. 

Throw  off.  I.  Discard,  reject,  repudiate,  re- 
nounce. 

2.  Expel,  drive  off,  drive  away,  clear  from. 

3.  Put  ofE,  lay  aside,  cast  off. 
Throw  on.     Cast  on,  load. 

Throw  one's  self  down.    Lie  down. 

Throw  one's  self  on.       \    Repose   upon,   resign 

Throw  one's  self  upon. )  one's  self  to  the 
favor,  clemency,  or  power  of. 

Throw  out.     I.  Reject,   exclude,  cast    out,  dis- 
card, expel. 
2.   Speak,  utter,  express. 

Throw  Up.     I.   Resign,  lay  down,  give  up,  demit. 

2.  Emit,  eject,  send  up. 

3.  Vomit,  disgorge. 

Thrum,   v.   a        I.    Play     (as   an    instrument), 
strum,  play  upon. 
2.    Fringe,  knot,  tuft. 
Thrust,  V.   a.     Push,   drive,  impel,  force,  clap, 

poke,  shove. 
Thrust,  V.  n.     Make  a  thrust. 
Thrust,  n.     I.  Push,  shove,  pass,  stab,   allonge, 
lunge,  tilt. 
2.  Assault,  attack,  charge. 

Th^fS'l     I'-haway.,ei=c.. 
Thrust  in.     I.   Push  in,  drive  in. 

2.  Insert. 

3.  Interpose. 
Thrust  off.    Push  away. 
Thrust  on.     Impel,  urge. 

Thrust  one's  nose  in.    {Colloq.)    Interfere,  med- 
dle, intermeddle,  put  in  one's  oar. 
Thrust  one's  self.     Obtrude,  intrude. 
Thrust  out.     Drive  out,  drive  away,  expel. 
Thrust  throueh.     Pierce,  stab. 
Thrust  together.     Compress. 


Thrust  upon.     Force  upon. 
Thud,  «.     I.    Shock,  impetus. 

2.    Stroke,  blow,  thump,  knock.  ' 
Thuja,  «.    [Written  also  Thuya  ]    Arbor  vitae. 

ThSiJe","^""''}-     (^-)    Axinite. 

Thump,  n.     Blow,  knock,  stroke. 

Thump,    V.    a.       Beat,    knock,    strike,    belabor, 

thwack,  punch,  whack,  batter. 
Thumping,  a.     I.   Heavy. 

2.   {Collog.)     Stout,  fat,  large,  big,  overgrown. 
Thunder,  ».     I.    Reverberating  report  {,0/  a  dis- 

charge  of  atmospheric  electricity') 

2.  Loud  noise,  roar,  rumbling,  boom,  detona- 
tion. 

3.  Alarming    threat,     startling    denunciation, 
fulmination. 

Thunder,    v.    n.     I,    Sound,    rattle,    roar,    roll, 

boom. 
2.   Make  a  loud  noise,  detonate. 
Thunder,   v.  a.     Utter  threateningly,  fulminate, 

hurl. 
Thunderbolt,  «.     I.    Lightning-flash. 

2.  Fulmination,  denunciation. 

3.  (Geol.)    Thunder-stone,  belemnite. 
Thunder-Clap,  «.     Thunder-stroke. 
Thunder-shower,  «.     See  Thunder-storm. 
Thunder-storm,  «.     Tempest  {accompanied  with 

thunder  and  lightning),  thunder-shower. 

Thunder-Stroke,  n.     Ihunder-clap. 

Thunder-struck,  a.  Astonished,  amazed,  as- 
tounded, dumfoundered. 

Thunder-tube, «.    hulgurite. 

Thurible,  «.     Censer. 

Thus,  ad.     I.    In  this  manner,  in  this  wise. 
2.    So,  to  this  degree 

Thwack,  v.  a.  {Collog.)  Strike,  beat,  thump, 
belabor,  whack,  rap,  bang,  thrash. 

Thwack,  «.  Blow,  stroke,  thump,  pat,  knock, 
rap. 

Thwart,  V  a.  I.  Traverse,  cross,  intersect,  lie 
across,  move  across. 

2.  Hinder,  oppose,  oppugn,  obstruct,  contra- 
vene, counteract,  disconcert,  cross. 

3.  Frustrate,  defeat,  balk. 
Thwartness,  «.     Untowardness,  perverseness. 
Tiara,  «.     Triple-crown  (o/the  Pope). 
Tibia,  «.     [L.]     Shin-bone. 

Tic,  n.     Twitching,  velhcation. 

Tic  douloureux.      [Fr.]     Neuralgia  in  the  face, 

facial  neuralg'ia. 
Tick,  ».     I.   Click,  beat. 

2.  Bed-tick,  ticking. 

3.  Trust,  credit. 
Tick,  V.  n.     Click,  beat. 

Tick,  V.  a.     Score,  check,  check  off. 
Ticking,  «.     Bed-ticking,  tick,  ticken. 
Tickle,  V.  a.     I.   Titillate. 

2.    Please  {by  trtjles),  delight,  gladden,  rejoice, 

gratify,  make  glad,  give  joy  to,  take  one's  4ncy, 

do  one's  heart  good. 
Tickling,  «.     Titillation. 
Ticklish,  a.     I.    Easily  tickled. 

2.  Unsteady,    unstable,    tottering,    uncertain, 
precarious. 

3.  Delicate,  nice,  critical,  difficult. 

Tidbit,  «.     Titbit,  dainty,  delicacy,  nice  bit,  choice 

morsel,  dehcate  morsel,  delicious  mouthful. 
Tide,  «.     I.   Rise  and  fall  of  the  sea. 

2.  Current,  stream. 

3.  Course,  current,  stream,  tendency  of  events, 
direction  of  influences,  concurrence  of  influences. 

Tide-lock,  n.     Guard-lock. 

Tide  over.  I.  Float  over,  get  over  by  waiting, 
surmount  or  pass  by  caution  and  patience,  escape 
or  evade  by  the  favor  of  circumstances,  avoid  by 
delay. 


TIDE-WAITER 


435 


TIMIDITY 


2.  Escape  the  shoals,  avoid  by  a  httle,  get  over 
without  scraping  or  sinking,  keep  one's  head 
above  water. 

Tide-waiter,  «.     Land-waiter. 

Tidily,  ad.     Neatly. 

Tidiness.  «.     Neatness 

Tidings,  «.  pL  News  {of  special  interest^  intelli- 
gence, word,  advice,  information. 

Tidy,  a.    Neat,  orderly,  trim. 

Tie,  V.  a.  I.  Bind,  fasten  (with  a  cord  or  string\ 
manacle,  shackle,  fetter. 

2.  Knit,  interlace,  complicate,  knot,  entangle. 

3.  Unite,  join,  connect,  link,  fasten,  hold, 
bind,  knit,  lock,  yoke. 

4.  Oblige,  constrain,  restrain,  confine. 
Tie,  «.     I.    Knot,  fastening,  band,  ligature. 

2.  Bond,  obligation. 

3.  Equal  number  (on  both  sides,  as  o/ votes). 
Tie  down.     I.   Fasten  down. 

2.     Restrain,    confine,    hinder    from    action, 
shackle,  restrict,  hamper 
Tier,  «.     I.    Row,  rank,  series, 

2.  [Written  also  Tire.'\    Pinafore. 

Tiercelet,  )  ""'    Goshawk,  male  hawk. 

Tiers  6tat.  [Fr.]  The  commonalty  {as  distin- 
guished front  the  nobility  and  clergy),  third 
estate. 

Tie  up.     Confine,  restrain,  hinder  from  motion. 

Tiff,  n.  Pet,  miff,  rage,  passion,  fume,  fit  of  anger, 
angry  mood. 

Tiff,  V  n.  {Rare)  Quarrel,  wrangle,  bicker, 
spar,  jangle,  have  words,  fall  out,  have  an  alter- 
cation, be  at  variance,  be  in  a  pet. 

Tiffin,  n.     Luncheon. 

Tig,  «.    Tag. 

Tigella,  «.   XBot.)    Radicle. 

Tiger-wolf,  «.     Hyena. 

Tight,  a.     I.   Compact,  firm,  firmly  held  together. 

2.  Close,  fast,  not  open,  not  leaky. 

3.  Close-fitting,  not  loose. 

4.  Tense,  stretched,  uught. 

5.  Close. 

6.  Whole,  neat. 

7.  {Colloq)  Fuddled,  boozy,  disguised,  mel- 
low, in  liquor,  high,  in  one's  cups,  somewhat 
intoxicated. 

8.  {Colloq. f  U.  S.)  Stringent  {as  the  money 
market). 

9.  {Colloq.,  U.  S)  Parsimonious,  stingy, 
penurious,  hard,  close-fisted. 

Tighten,  v.  a.     Make  tight,  straiten. 
Tights,  «.  //.     Close-fitting  pantaloons. 
Tike,  n.     I.  Tick. 

2.  Countryman,  clown,  boor,  peasant,  hind, 
churl,  rustic. 

3.  Cur,  dog. 

Till,  n.    Money-drawer. 
Till,  V.  a.    Cultivate,  dress  the  ground. 
Till,  prep.     Until,  to  the  time  of,  up  to. 
Till,  conj.  or  ad.     Until,  to  the  time  when. 
Tillable,  a.     Arable. 

Tillage,   «.      Culture  {of  land),   cultivation,  hus- 
bandry, agriculture,  farming,  geoponics. 
Tillage  land.     Plough  land,  arable  land. 
Tillandsia,  «.     {Bot)     Long  moss,  black  moss. 
Tiller,  «.    I.  Husbandman,  cultivator,  ploughman. 

2.  Rudder-bar. 

3.  Cross-bow  handle. 

4.  Till,  small  drawer,  money-box. 

Till  now.     To  the  present  time,  up  to  the  present 

time. 
Till  then.    To  that  time,  up  to  that  time. 
Tilmus,    n.     {Med.)      Floccillation,     carphology, 

picking  of  the  bed-clothes. 
Tilt,  «•     I.   Covering  overhead,  tent. 
2.   Awning,  canopy. 


3.  Thrust,  pass,  allonge,  lunge 

4.  Encounter,  combat  {as  a  practice  of  arms), 
joust. 

5-   Slant  (as  of  a  barrel  for  discharging  a 
liqiwr),  slope,  inclination,  cant. 
6.   Tilt-hammer. 
Tilt,  V.  a.     I.    Slant,  slope,  incline,  cant,  tip. 

2.  Forge  {with  a  tilt-hammer),  hammer. 

3.  Point,  thrust. 

Tilt,  V.  H.  I.  Joust,  rush  {as  in  combat),  make  a 
rush,  make  a  tilt. 

2.  Lean,  incline,  tip. 

3.  Float,  toss,  ride  unsteadily. 
Tilt-hammer,  «.     Trip-hammer. 
Timber,  «.     I.   Wood  {/or  building). 

2.  Beam,  squared  stick. 

3.  'R.\h{ofa  ship's  frame). 

4.  Trunk,  stem,  body  {of  a  tree). 

5.  Material,  stuff,  stock 

6.  [iVestern  U.  S.]     Woods,  forest-trees. 
Timbered,  a.     I.   Wooded. 

2.   Furnished  with  timber. 
Timber-head,  «.     {Naut.)     Kevel-head. 
Timbre,  n.     {Mus.)    Quality  {of  tone). 
Time,  ».     I.    Duration. 

2.  Spell,  season,  interval,  term,  while,  span, 
space  of  time. 

3.  Period,  age,  era,  epoch,  date,  term. 

4.  Delivery,  parturition,  confinement,  hour  of 
travail,  j)eriod  of  childbirth. 

5.  Fit  season,  proper  time,  opportunity,  sea- 
son. 

6.  Allotted  period,  appropriated  time. 

7.  Occasion,  particular  period. 

8«    Life,  lifetime,  duration  of  one's  life. 
9.   Present  life,  existence  in  this  world. 

10.  Leisure,  vacant  time,  unoccupied  time. 

11.  {Mus.)    Measure. 

Time,  v.  a.     I.   Adapt  to  the  occasion. 

2.  Regulate  (<w  to  time) 

3.  Note  the  rate  of  {with  respect  to  speed). 

4.  {Mus.)    Measure. 

Time-honored,  a.  Venerable,  worthy  of  honor  by 
reason  of  antiquity,  ancient,  old,  of  long  standing. 

Time-keeper,  «.    See  Timepiece. 

Timeliness,  n.     Seasonableness. 

Timely,  a.  Seasonable,  opportune,  early,  punc- 
tual, prompt. 

Timely,  ad.     Early,  soon,  in  good  season. 

Time  of  day.  Customary  salutation  {as  Good- 
morning  or  Good-evening). 

Time  past.  The  past,  past  time,  bygone  days, 
former  times. 

Timepiece,  «.  Clock,  watch,  chronometer,  time- 
keeper, horologue. 

Times,  n.//.     I.   Seasons,  spells. 

2.  Periods,  epochs,  ages. 

3.  State   of  things  (at  a  particular  Period), 
general  condition  of  affairs. 

Time-server,  «.  Trimmer,  temporizer,  time- 
pleaser. 

Time-serving,  a.  Trimming,  temporizing,  truck- 
ling, obsequious,  fawning,  servile,  supple,  mean, 
selfish,  ambidextrous,  tricky,  worldly-wise,  self- 
seeking,  pliant,  unscrupulous,  crooked,  slippery, 
untrustworthy. 

Time  to  come.     Future,  hereafter 

Time-worn,  a.  Impaired  by  time,  superannu- 
ated, old,  antiquated,  dilapidated. 

Timid,  a.  I.  Timorous,  fearful,  skittish,  shy, 
cowardly,  pusillanimous,  faint-hearted,  chicken- 
hearted,  easily  frightened. 

2.    Diffident,  bashful,   retiring,  coy,  shrinking, 
blushing,  shame-faced,  over-modest. 

Timidity,  «.  I.  Timorousness,  fearfulness,  skit- 
tishness,  shyness,  cowardice,  pusillanimity,  want 
of  courage,  timidness. 


TIMOROUS 


436 


TODDY 


2.   Diffidence,  bashfulness,  coyness,  sheepish- 
tiess,  shamefacedness. 

Timorous,  a.     I,    Fearful,  timid,  destitute  of  cour- 
age. 
2.    Scrupulous,  full  of  scruples,  indicating  fear. 

Timorousness,  n.     See  Timidity. 

Timothy-grass,  n.  Cat's-tail,  cat's-tail  grass, 
meadow  cat's-tail  grass,  herdsgrass  {Fhieum  pre- 
tense). 

Tin,  n,  {Colloq.)  Tin-plate,  tinned  iron,  white 
iron. 

Tincal,  n.  Crude  borax  (as  imported  from  the 
East  Indies),  bi-borate  of  soda. 

Tinct,  «.     Stain,  color,  tinge,  tincture. 

Tincture,  n.  I.  Tinge,  stain,  tint,  hue,  shade, 
grain. 

2.  Flavor,  taste,  smack,  spice. 

3.  Infusion,    admixture,    touch,    dash,  tinge, 
spice,  seasonmg,  sprinkling,  soupgon. 

4.  Alcoholic  solution. 

Tincture,  v.  a.  I.  Tinge,  stain,  dye,  color,  tint, 
shade. 

2.  Flavor,  season. 

3.  Imbue,  impress,  infuse,  impregnate. 
Tine,  «.     Spike  of  a  fork,  prong. 

Tinea,  «.    (Med.)    Scald-head. 

Ting,  n.     Tinkling,  tinkle. 

Tinge,  v.  a.     I.   Dye,  stain,  color,  tint,  tincture. 
2.   Imbue,  impress,  infuse,  impregnate. 

Tinge,    n.      I.   Tint,   stain,  color,   dye,   tincture, 
shade  {of  £olor),  cast,  hue. 
2.   Taste,  flavor,  smack,  spice. 

Tin-glass,  n.     Bisnmth. 

Tingle,  v.  n.     Have  a  pricking  sensation. 

Tinker,  n.     Mender  (of  old  pans,  kettles,  etc). 

Tinker,  v.  a.  Mend  [as  old  pans,  kettles,  etc.), 
cobble,  patch  up,  repair,  vamp,  put  in  repair. 

Tinkle,  v.  n.     Jingle,  clink,  ring. 

Tinkle,  «.     See  Tinkling. 

Tinkling,  «  Tinkle,  jingle,  jingling,  clinking, 
tintinnabulation,  ringing. 

Tin-plate,  «.     Tin,  tinned  iron,  white  iron. 

Tinsel,  «.  Frippery,  finery,  gewgaw,  tawdriness, 
spangle,  glitter,  paste,  pmchbeck,  worthless  orna- 
ment. 

Tinsel,  a.  Showy,  glittering,  gaudy,  specious, 
garish,  flaunting,  flashy,  superficial,  worthless. 

Tinsmith,  «.     Tinner,  tinman,  worker  in  tin 

Tint,  n.  Tinge,  color,  hue,  tincture,  stain,  dye, 
shade,  grain. 

Tint.  V.  a.     Dye,  stain,  tinge. 

Tintinnabulation,  n.    (Rare.)    See  Tinkling. 

Tiny,  a.  Little,  small,  diminutive,  minikin,  pyg- 
mean, pygmy,  puny,  Liliputian,  dwarfish. 

Tip,  n.     I.    End,  point,  extremity. 
2.   Donation,  gift,  douceur. 

Tip,  V.  a.    I.  Top,  cap,  put  a  point  on. 

2.  Tap,  strike  (lightly). 

3.  Incline  {to  one  end,  as  a  cart),  cant,  tilt. 
Tip,  V.  n.     Lean,  incline,  tilt. 

Tip  over.     (Active.)    Overturn,  turn  over. 

Tip  over.     (Neuter.)     Fall  over. 

Tipple,  V.  n.  Tope,  guzzle,  drink  hard,  be  ad- 
dicted to  strong  drink. 

Tippled,  a.    See  Tipsy. 

Tippler,  n.    Toper,  hard  drinker. 

Tipsy,    a.     I.     Intoxicated,     inebriated,     drunk, 
drunken,  in  one's  cups,  boozy,  fuddled,  muddled, 
disguised,  mellow,  in  liquor. 
2.    Reeling,  staggering. 

Tip-top,  n.    The  very  top,  the  highest  degree. 

Tip-top,  ci.  (Colloq.)  Perfect,  first-rate,  excel- 
lent, capital,  picked,  choice,  first-class,  superfine, 
very  best. 

Tirade,  «.  Strain  of  invective,  series  of  violent 
declamation,  diatribe 

Tirailleur,/*.     [Fr.]    (iWi7)    Skirmisher. 


Tire,  v.  a.     I.   Fatigue,  weary,  jade,  fag,  exhaust, 
knock  up,  tire  out. 
2.   Irk,  bore,  weary,  fatigue. 

Tire,  v.  n.  Be  fatigued,  become  weary,  grow 
weary. 

Tiresome,  a.  I.  Wearisome,  fatiguing,  irksome, 
tedious,  humdrum,  dull. 

2.  Laborious,  arduous,  hard,  toilsome,  trouble- 
some, difficult,  uphill 

Tirwit,  n.  (Ornith.)  Lapwing,  pewit  (Tringa 
vanellus). 

Tissue,  n.  I.  Fabric,  cloth,  woven  stuff  (especial- 
ly cloth  interwoven  with  gold  or  stiver  or  ^g- 
ured  colors). 

2.  Texture,  structure,  web. 

3,  Combination,     series,    accumulation,    con- 
glomeration, mass,  network,  chain. 

Tit,  n.     I.    Small  horse,  pony. 
2._  Titmouse,  tomtit. 

Titanic,  a.  Gigantic,  huge,  Herculean,  Cyclopean, 
enormous,  monstrous,  stupendous,  vast,  immense, 
colossal,  prodigious,  miglity. 

TitWt,  «•  Tidbit,  dainty,  delicacy,  nice  bit,  deli- 
cate morsel,  choice  morsel. 

Tit  for  tat.  Give  and  take,  blow  for  blow,  a 
Roland  for  an  Oliver,  measure  for  measure, 
diamond  cut  diamond,  equivalent  (in  retaliation), 
quid  pro  quo. 

Tithe,  n.    Tenth ,  tenth  part. 

Tithe,  V.  a.     Tax  (to  the  amount  of  one  tenth). 

Titillate,  z/.  rt.     Tickle 

Titillation,  «.     I.   Tickling. 

2.   Slight  pleasure,  pleasurable  sensation. 

Title,  n.     I.    In.scription. 

2.  Inscription   in    the    beginning  of  a  book, 
name. 

3.  Name,    appellation,    designation,    epithet, 
cognomen,  compellation,  denomination. 

4.  Appellation  of  dignity. 

5.  Right,  ground  of  claim,  claim. 

Title,  V.  a.    (Rare.)    Denominate,  name,  entitle, 

call,  term,  designate,  style. 
Titling,  n.     I.   Hedge-sparrow. 

2.   Stock-fish. 
Titmouse, «     Tit,  tomtit. 
Titter,  t/.  «.     I.   Laugh  (7^«^rr^5^ra/«^),  snicker, 

giggle,  chuckle. 
2.   Teeter,  see-saw. 
Tittering,  «.     Suppressed  laughter,  giggling. 
Titter-totter,  v.  n.     See-saw,  ietter-totter 
Tittle,    n     Jot,   iota,   whit,    bit,    particle,    atom, 

grain,  scrap,  mite,  ace.  corpuscle,  scintilla,  speck. 
Tittle-tattie,  «.     Prate,  prattle,  gabble,  chatter, 

idle  talk,  trifling  discourse,  babble,  cackle,  gos- 
sip, prittle-prattle. 
Titular,  a.     Nominal,  titulary,  only  in  name. 
Titulary,  a.     Nominal,  titular. 
Toad-flax,  «.     {Bot)    Butter-and-eggs  (Ltnaria 

vulgaris). 
Toad-spit,  «.     Froth-spit,  cuckoo-spittle. 
Toad-Stool,  n.     Mushroom. 
To  and  fro.     Backward  and  forward. 
Toast,  V.  a.     I.   Scorch  (in  order  to  make  more 

palatable,  as  bread  or  cheese) 

2.  Warm  (thoroughly),  heat, 

3.  Pledge,  drink  a  health  to,  drink  the  health 
of,  drink  in  honor  of,  drink  to. 

Toast,  n.     I.    Toasted  bread. 

2.  Health  (in  drinking),  pledge. 

3.  Sentiment  (uttered  at  a  convivial  meeting) . 
To  boot.     Besides,  in  addition,  over  and  above 
Tocology,  n.     Midwifery,  obstetrics. 

Tocsin,  n.  Alarm,  alarum,  alarm-bell. 
To-day,  n.  This  dav,  the  present  day. 
To-day,  ad.     On  this  day. 

Toddle,  V.  n     Tottle,  walk  unsteadily  (as  a  child). 
Toiiyt  "'     Spirit  iind  water  (sweetened).. 


TO~DO 


437 


TOP 


To-do,  H.  {CoUoq  )  Ado,  bustle,  commotion,  tu- 
mult, turmoil,  confusion,  stir,  flurry,  pother, 
noise,  fuss. 

Together,  ad.  I.  Unitedly,  in  union,  in  company, 
in  concert. 

2.  Simultaneously,  in  the  same  time,  contem- 
poraneously 

3.  Hand  in  hand,  side  by  side,  cheek  by  jowl, 
arm  in  arm. 

4.  Into  junction,  into  union. 

5.  In  the  same  place. 

6.  In  concert. 

Toil,  V.  n.  Labor  {hard),  work,  strive,  drudge, 
moil,  exert  one's  self,  take  pains. 

Toll,  n.     I.    Labor  (jthat fatigues),  work,  exertion, 
pains,  effort,  drudgery,  hard  work,  travail. 
2.    Snare,  net,  trap,  springe,  noose,  gin- 

Toller,  «.     Drudge,  laborer,  hard  worker. 

Toilet,  «.     I.   Dressing-table,  toilet-table. 

2.   Dress,  attire,  costume,  mode  of  dressing. 

Toilet-table,  n.     Toilet,  dressing-table. 

Toilsome,  «.  Laborious,  fatiguing,  wearisome, 
onerous,  operose,  tedious,  hard,  difficult,  painful, 
severe. 

Token,  «.  I.  Mark,  sign,  indication,  note,  sym- 
bol, index,  manifestation. 

2.  Memorial  {of friendship),  souvenir. 

3.  Te  n  q  u  i  res  ( ^  paper ). 

Tolbooth,  «.  \_Scotland.  Written  also  Tollbooth.'\ 
Prison,  jail. 

Tole,  V.  a.  [Written  also  Toll.\  Allure,  draw, 
draw  on . 

Tolerable,  a.  I.  Endurable,  sufTerable,  bearable, 
supportable. 

2.  Passable,  ordinary,  middling,  so-so,  indif- 
ferent, pretty  good,  not  very  bad. 

Tolerably,  ad.     I.   Supportably. 

2.  Passably,  moderately,  indifferently,  so-.«;o, 
passably  well,  tolerably  well,  pretty  well. 

Tolerance,  «.     Endurance,  sufferance,  toleration. 

Tolerant,  a.     Forbearing,  indulgent. 

Tolerate,  v.  a.     I.   Permit  [as  something  unpleas- 
ant), allow,  admit,  indulge,  receive. 
2.   Suffer,  endure,  abide,  brook,  put  up  with, 

,    bear  with,  take  patiently  or  easily. 

Toleration,  «.    I.  Endurance,  sufferance,  tolerance. 

2.  License  {for free  opinion  in  religious  mat- 
ters), permission,  allowance. 

3.  Catholicity,  •liberality,  impartiality,  candor, 
magnanimity,  high-mindedness,  largeness  of 
mind. 

Toll,  n.  Tax  {especially  on  travellers,  as  in  cross- 
ing bridges,  ferries,  etc.),  duty,  impost,  custom. 

Toll,  V.  a.  [Written  also  Tole.]  Allure,  draw, 
draw  on. 

TollbOOth,  ».  [Scotland.  VfxMitmXso  Tolbooth.] 
Prison,  jail. 

Tolu,  n.     Balsam  of  tolu,  tolu  balsam. 

Tomahawk,  n      Indian  hatchet. 

Tomato,  «.  Love-apple  {Lycopersicum  esculen- 
tuni  or  Solanum  esculentum). 

Tomb,  «•  Sepulchre,  vault,  crypt,  catacomb,  grave, 
house  of  death,  narrow  house,  long  home. 

Tomb-norry,  «.     {Ornith.)     Puffin,  tom-noddy. 

Tomboy,  «.  {Colloq.)  Romp,  hoiden,  romping 
girl,  tomrig. 

Tomcod,  n.     Frost-fish  {Morrhua pruinosa). 

Tome,  n.     I.    Volume. 
2.    Book,  work. 

TomentOUS,  a.    {Bot.)    Downy,  nappy,  hairy. 

Tomfoolery,  «.  (Colloq.)  Nonsense,  folly,  vapar^', 
mummery,  buffoonery,  absurd  trifling,  monkey- 
tricks. 

Tom-noddy,  «.  I.  (Omith.)  Puffin,  tomb- 
norry. 

2.  Fool,  dunce,  dolt,  noddy,  simpleton,  block- 
head. 


To-morrow,  «.    The  day  after  the  present,  the 

next  day. 
Tomtit,  n.    Tit,  titmouse. 
Ton,  «.     [Fr.]     Fashion,  mode,  vogue. 
Ton,  n.     (Com.)    I.  Twenty  hundred  gross,  2,240 

pounds. 

2.  Forty  cubic  feet 

3.  Forty  solid  feet  {round),  fifty-four  feet 
{square). 

4.  Eight  sacks  or  ten  barrels  of  flour. 

5.  Ten  bui>hels  of  potatoes. 
Tone,  n.     I.    Sound,  note- 

2.  Accent,  intonation,  emphasis,  cadence, 
modulation,  inflection. 

3.  Temper,  mood,  state  of  mind. 

4.  Vigor,  strength,  energy,  force,  tension, 
elasticity. 

5.  Prevailing  color  (of  a  picture),  general  ef- 
fect, style,  manner,  cast. 

6.  Tenor,  drift,  prevailing  character,  spirit. 
Tone  down.     I.   Give  a  lower  tone  to. 

2.  Moderate,  relax,  diminish,  weaken,  soften. 

3.  {Painting.)  Soften,  bring  colors  into  har- 
monious relations. 

Toneless,  a.  Unintonated,  aspirated,  atonic,  purd, 
pronounced  with  a  simple  breathing,  without 
tone,  without  vocality,  not  sonant. 

Tone  up.  Make  more  intense,  heighten,  strength- 
en, give  a  higher  tone  to. 

Tong,  n.     Tongue,  catch  of  a  buckle. 

TongO, «.     Mangrove  {Rhizofhora). 

Tongue,  «•     I.   Language,  dialect. 

2.  Talk,  discourse,  speech. 

3.  Nation,  race. 

4.  Tong,  catch  of  a  buckle. 

5.  Projection,  projecting  part. 
Toneue-Shaped,  a.     (Bot.)     Linpuiform. 
Tonic,  «.     I.  Strengthening  medicine. 

2.  (Mus.)  Key,  key-note,  first  note  of  the 
scale,  fundamental  note 

To-night,  n.  The  present  night,  the  night  after 
the  present  day. 

Tonnlsh,  a.     Fashionable,  modish. 

TonsHitis,  n.     Quinsy,  inflammation  of  the  tonsils. 

Tonsils,  n.  pi.     Almonds,  amygdalee. 

Tonsor,  «.     Barber. 

Tonstired,  a.      I.   Having  the    tonsure,  shaven, 
shorn,  clipped. 
2.   Bald. 

Tony,  «.  (Ludicrous.)  Dunce,  simpleton,  block- 
head, fool,  donkey,  ass,  dolt,  dullard,  dunderhead, 
loggerhead,  numskull,  noodle,  goose,  thick-head. 

Too,  ad.     I.   Overmuch,  over. 

2.   Also,  likewise,  moreover,  in  addition. 

Tool,  n.     I.   Instrument,  implement,  utensil. 
2.    Hireling,  instrument,  cat's-paw. 

Toon- wood,  n.  Indian  mahogany,  Indian  cedar, 
bastard  cedar  (Cedrela  Toona). 

Toot,  V.  a.     Blow  {as  a  horn),  sound. 

Toothache,  «.     See  Odontalgia. 

Tooth  and  nail.  ( Colloquial  expression  used  ad- 
verbially.) I.  Biting  and  scratching,  using 
every  means  of  attack  and  defence. 

2.  Strenuously,  vigorously,  earnestly,  reso- 
lutely, energetically,  with  all  one's  might,  with 
might  and  main,  through  thick  and  thin,  throuch 
fire  and  water,  hammer  and  tongs,  pugnis  et  cal- 
cibus. 

Tooth-ornament,  n.  (Arch.)  Dog-tooth,  nail- 
head. 

Tooth-powder,  «.     Dentifrice. 

Tooth-rash,  «.     Red-gum,  milk-spots. 

Toothsome,  a.  Palatable,  delicious,  savory,  nice, 
luscious,  dainty,  agreeable  to  the  taste. 

Top,  n.  I.  Summit,  apex,  acme,  pinnacle,  zenith, 
vertex,  utmost  height,  culminating  point, 
meridian. 


TOP 


438 


TOTO  CCELO 


2.  Surface,  upper  side,  superficies. 

3.  Utmost  degree. 

4.  Highest  part,  upper  end,  apex. 

5.  Head,  highest  rank,  most  honorable  posi- 
tion, highest  place. 

6.  Chief,  most  prominent  one. 

7.  Head,  crown  of  the  head. 

8.  Head,  upper  part  of  a  plant. 
Top,  a.     Highest,  uppermost,  topmost. 
Top,  V,  a,     I,   Cap,  tip,  cover  on  the  top. 

2.  Rise  above,  surmount. 

3.  Rise  to  the  top  of,  reach  the  summit  of. 

4.  Outgo,  surpass. 

5.  Crop,  lop,  take  the  top  off. 
Top,  V.  n.     I.  Rise  aloft,  be  eminent. 

2.  Predominate,  overpower. 

3.  Excel,  rise  above  others,  surpass,  be  supe- 
rior. 

Topau,  «.      {Ornith.)     Horn-bill,    Indian    raven 

{Buceros  rhinoceros). 
Top-coat,  «.     \.Eng.'\   Overcoat,  outer  coat,  upper 

coat. 
Tope,  V.  n-    Tipple,   drink  hard,   be  addicted  to 

strong  drink. 
Toper,  n.     Tippler,  drunkard,   sot,   dram-drinker, 

wine-bibber,  toss-pot,  hard  drinker. 
Topet,   «.     (Ornith.)    Toupet,  toupet-tit,  crested 

titmouse  {Partis  bicolor). 
Topiary,    n.      Ornamental    {as  the  trimmiitg  of 

hedges,  trees,  paths.,  etc  ,  in  a  garden). 
Topic,   n.      I.    Subject,  theme,    thesis,   question, 

point,  matter,  subject-matter,  matter  in  hand. 

2.  Head,  division,  subdivision. 

3.  Commonplace  (o/  argument  or  oratory), 
general  truth,  general  idea,  maxim,  dictum,  rule, 
precept,  principle,  general  statement. 

4.  Scheme,  arrangement,  method  of  arrange- 
ment, principle  of  arrangement. 

5.  {Med.)  External  local  remedy,  plaster, 
blister,  poultice,  vesicatory,  epispastic. 

Topical,  a.     I.   Local,  limited. 

2.  Probable,  not  demonstrative. 

3.  Consisting  of  topics. 

Topin-amber,  «.     Jerusalem  artichoke  {Helian- 

thus  tuberosus). 
Topmost,  a.    Uppermost,  highest. 
Top  off.   Complete,  finish. 
Topographer, «.    Topographist. 
TopOgraphist,  n.     Topographer. 
Topping,  a.     I.   Surpassing,    rising  above,   emi- 
nent. 
2.  Fine,  gallant. 
Topple,  V.  n.     Fall  {top  foremost),  tumble  down, 

topple  over,  topple  down,  tumble  over. 
Top-shaped,   a.     {Bot.)    Cone-shaped,   turbinate, 

inversely  conical. 
Topsy-turvy,  ad.     Upside  down,  bottom  upward, 

the  wrong  side  up,  top  side   t'  other  way,  keel 

upward. 
Torch,  n.     Flambeau,  blazing  brand,  link. 
Torment,  «.    Anguish,  agony,  torture,  rack,  pang, 

extreme  pain,  excruciating  pain,  acute  distress. 
Torment,    v.   a.       I.   Torture,    distress,   agonize, 

rack,  excruciate,  pain  extremely,  put  to  the  rack, 

put  to  torture,  harass  with  anguish. 

2.  Pain,  distress,  afflict. 

3.  Tease,  vex,  plague,  harass,  worry,  harry, 
badger,  fret,  irritate,  nettle,  provoke,  tantalize, 
trouble,  annoy. 

Tormentor,  «.     Torturer. 

Tormina,  «.  pi-     Gripes,  colicky  pains. 

Torminous,  a.     Griping,  colicky. 

Tornado,  «.     Storm  {of  great  violence  and  with  a 

whirling  motion),  hurricane,  whirlwind,  tempest, 

cyclone,  blizzard. 
Torose,  a.     {Bot.)    Knobby,  torous. 
Torous,  a.    See  Torose. 


Torpedinons,  a.  Stupefying,  torporific,  dull,  tor- 
pid, benumbing. 

Torpedo,  «.    I.   Cramp-fish,  electric  ray  ( Torpedo 
vulgaris). 
2.    Explosive  engine  for  blowing  up  ships.    . 

Torpescence,  «.  Torpidness,  numbness,  insensi- 
bility, stupidity,  torpidity. 

Torpid,  a.  I.  Numb,  benumbed,  motionless, 
lethargic. 

2.   Sluggish,    inert,    dull,    inactive,    indolent, 
stupid. 

Torpidity,  «.  I.  Numbness,  torpidness,  torpor, 
lethargy,  torpitude. 

2.   Sluggishness,  inertness,  dulness,  inactivity, 
stupidity,  indolence 

Torpidness,  «.     See  Torpidity. 

Torpity,  V.  a.     Numb,  benumb,  make  torpid. 

Torpor,  «.  I.  Numbness,  torpidity,  lethargy,  in- 
sensibility. 

2.  Sluggishness,  inertness,  dulness,  inactivity, 
stupidity,  inaction- 

Torreft?^,  v.  a.     I.  Dry  {byj^re). 
2*   Roast,  scorch. 

3.  Dry,  parch,  partially  toast  {as  drugs) 
Torrent,  «.     I.   Rapid  stream,  strong  current. 

2.   Rapid  flow. 
Torrid,  <i.     I.   Dried,  parched,  scorched. 

2.    Burning,  parching,  scorching,  violently  hot, 

fiery. 
Torsion,  «.     Twisting. 
Torso,  «.     Trunk  {of  a  statue). 
Tort,  n.     (Law.)     Wrong,  injury,  wrongful  act. 
Torticollis,  n.     {Med.)    Wry-neck, 
Tortoise-shell,  n.     Turtle-shell. 
Tortuosity,  «.     Crookedness,  sinuosity,  curvature, 

bend,    crook,    winding,    tortuousness. 
Tortuous,  a.     I.   Crooked,  sinuous,  curved,  curv- 
ilinear,   curvilineal,    sinuate,   sinuated,   winding, 

serpentine,  bending  in  and  out,  wreathed,  twisted, 

mazy,  flexuous 
2.   Perverse,  circuitous,  roundabout,  indirect, 

deceitful,  wrong,  erroneous,  mischievous,  crooked, 

ambiguous. 
Tortuousness,  «.     See  Tortuosity. 
Torture,  «.     Anguish,  agony,  torment,  rack,  pang, 

extreme  pain,  excruciating  pain,  acute  distress. 
Torture,  v.  a.     Torment,   distress,   agonize,   rack, 

excruciate,  pain  extremely,  put  to  extreme  pain. 
Torturer,  «.     Tormentor. 
Tory,  «•   {Eng.  Politics.)    Conservative,  adherent 

of  the  crown,  supporter  of  royal  and  ecclesiastical 

authority. 
Toss,  V.  a.    I.   Throw  ( 3;/  the  hand  and  upward), 

throw  up. 

2.  Lift  up  suddenly,  throw  up,  raise  violently. 

3.  Fling,  pitch,  cast,  hurl,  throw 

4.  Agitate,  shake,  rock. 

5.  Try,  harass,  disquiet,  make  restless. 

6.  Keep  in  play,  tumble  over. 

Toss,  V.  n.  I.  Roll,  writhe,  fling,  tumble  about, 
be  uneasy,  be  in  violent  commotion 

2.  Be  agitated,  be  tossed,  be  moved  tumultu- 
ously. 

Tossel,  n.    See  Tassel. 

Toss  for.     Gamble  for. 

Toss  off.     Drink  hastily,  gulp  down. 

Toss-pot,  n.  Toper,  drunkard,  tippler,  sot,  dram- 
drinker,  soaker,  devotee  to  Bacchus. 

Total,  a.     I.   Whole,  complete,  full,  entire 
2.   Integral,  entire,  undivided. 

Total,  n.  Whole,  totality,  aggregate,  gross,  lump, 
mass,  amount,  sum,  sum  total,  gross 
amount. 

Totality,  «.    Whole,  total,  entirety. 

Tote,  V.  a.  {Local,  Southern  U.  S.)  Carry,  bear, 
transport,  lead. 

TotO  CCClo.     [L.]    Totally,  wholly,  utterly,  very 


TOTTER 


489 


TOY 


much,  very  far,  by  the  whole  heavens,  as  widely 
as  are  the  poles  apart. 

Totter,  V.  n.     I.   Stagger,  reel,  vacillate,  falter. 
2.   Shake,  tremble,  oscillate,  rock,  threaten  to 
fall,  reel,  lean,  waver. 

Tottle,  V.  n.     {Colloq.)    Toddle,   totter,  walk  un- 
steadily (as  a  child}- 

Toucll,  V.  a.     I.    Hit  {lightly),  strike  against. 

2.  Perceive  by  the  sense  of  feeling. 

3.  Meet,  be  contiguous  to,  abut  on. 

4.  Graze,  come  m  contact  with  {in  passing 
over). 

5.  Reach,  come  to,  arrive  at,  attain  to. 

6.  Delineate  {lightly),  sketch,  mark  out, 
touch  off. 

7.  Handle,  feel,  feel  of. 

8.  Handle,  speak  of,  deal  with,  treat  of 
slightly. 

9.  Interfere  with,  meddle  with. 

10.  Concern,  regard,  relate  to,  refer  to,  pertain 
to,  appertain  to,  belong  to,  affect,  bear  upon,  have 
to  do  with. 

11.  Affect,  impress,  strike,  come  home  to, 
smite,  stir. 

12.  Affect,  move,  melt,  work  upon,  soften, 
strike  mentally. 

13.  Make  an  impression  on,  act  on,  have  an 
effect  on. 

14..   Strike,  play  on. 

15.  Perform,  play. 

16.  Distress,  hurt,  injure,  afflict,  molest. 
Tovcll,  V.  n.     Meet,  hit,  be  contiguous,  be  in  con- 
tact, abut  on  one  another. 

Touch,  n.     I.   Contact. 

2.  Feeling,  tact,  sense  of  feeling, 

3.  Power  of  exciting  the  aflfeciions. 

4.  Emotion,  affection. 

5.  Stroke. 

6.  Animadversion,  censure,  reproof. 

7.  Stroke  {with  a  pen,  etc.,  or  on  a  musical  in- 
strument). 

8.  Tinge,  tincture,  cast,  shade,  grain,  smack, 
taste,  savor,  flavor,  spice,  dash,  sprinkling,  sea- 
soning, infusion,  little,  small  quantity,  soup^on. 

9.  Hint,  suggestion,  slight  notice. 

10.  (Rare)  Test,  criterion,  touchstone,  proof, 
assay,  ordeal. 

11.  Examination,  trial. 

Touch  at.     Arrive  at  (without  tarry ingf). 

Touchhole,  «.     "^awxiof  a  gun). 

Touchiness,  «.     Peevishness,   snappishness,  testi- 

ness,    irritability,  irascibility,   petulance,   fretful- 

ness,  spleen,  pettishness. 
Touching,  a.    Affecting,  moving,  melting,  pathetic, 

tender. 
Touching, /r-r/.     Concerning,  regarding,   respect- 
ing, with  regard  to,  with  respect  to,  in  relation  to, 

relating  to. 
Touch-me-not,  «.    Jewel-weed,  snap-weed,  com- 
mon balsam. 
Touch  off.      I.   Delineate  lightly,  touch,  sketch, 

mark  out  hastily. 
2.   Discharge,  apply  the  match  to. 
Touch  on.       )      Mention  or    treat    of    {slightly). 
Touch  upon. )         glance  at,  si>eak  of  in  passing, 

allude  to. 
Touchstone,  n.    I.   Basanite,  black  jasper,  Lydian 

stone. 
2.  Test,    criterion,      proof,      ordeal,     assay, 

touch. 
Touch  up.     I.   Repair,  improve  by  slight  touches, 

mend,  rub  up. 
2.   Excite,  arouse. 
Touchwood,    «.     Spunk,    punk,   agaric,  German 

tinder. 
Touchy,   a.       Peevish,  snappish,   waspish,   cross, 

testy,  irritable,  fretful,  splenetic,  techy,  irascible, 


petulant,  choleric,  peppery,  hot-tempered,  quick- 
tempered, hke  tinder,  like  touchwood. 
Tough,  a.     I.  Adhesive,  tenacious,  cohesive,  flexi- 
ble, without  brittleness. 

2.  Coriaceous,  leathery. 

3.  Viscous,  clammy,  tenacious,  ropy,  stringy, 
sticky. 

4.  Stiff,  rigid,  inflexible. 

5.  Strong,  firm,  hardy. 

6.  Refractory,    stubborn,    obdurate,    callous, 
hard. 

7.  {Colloq.)    Difficult,  hard,  hard  to  deal  with, 
troublesome,  formidable. 

8.  (Colloq.)    Severe  {<M  a  j/<;r/«),  violent. 
Toupet,  n.     See  Topet. 

Toupet-tit,  n.    See  Topet. 

Tour,  n.  Journey  {in  a  circuit),  excursion,  trip, 
expedition,  pilgrimage,  circuit,  round,  perambula- 
tion, course. 

Tourist,  n.    Traveller,  voyager,  wayfarer,  pilgrim. 

Tournament, «.    Toumey. 

Tourney,  ».     Tournament. 

Toumure,  n.    [Fr.]    I.  Shape,  figure,  form,  turn, 
contour. 
2.    Bishop,  bustle. 

Tout  ensemble.  [Fr.]  The  whole  {in  one  view, 
omitting  details),  general  effect. 

Touzer,  T^    t^-„ 
Towzer,!"-    ■^°^' 

Tow,  n.     Refuse  flax,  hards. 

Tow,  V.  a.  Draw  {as  a  vessel,  through  the  waier\ 
haul,  drag,  draw,  pull,  take  in  tow,  tug. 

Towards,  \^'^-     ^'   ^"  ^^^  direction  of. 

2.  Regarding,  respecting,  with  respect  to,  with 
regard  to. 

3.  Nearly,  almost,  near  about,  nigh,  about, 
near. 

Toward,    I  ad.    Near  at  hand,  advancing,  in  a 
Towards,  I      state  of  preparation. 
Toward,  a.     Ready,  docile,  apt,  towardly. 
Towardiy,  a.     Docile,  apt,  tractable,  toward,  com- 
pliant with  duty,  ready  to  do,  manageable,  pliant. 
Towboat,  n.     Tug,  steam-tug. 
Tower,  «.     I.    Turret 

2.  Citadel,  fortress,  castle,  stronghold. 

3.  Minaret,  spire,  steeple,  belfry,   bell-tower, 
campanile. 

Tower,  v.  n.     Soar,  mount,  rise. 
Towering,  a.     I.   Lofty,  elevated,  very  high. 

2.    Extreme,  violent,    very   great,   excessive, 

prodigious. 
To  wit.     To  know,  namely,  videlicet. 
Tow-line,  n.    (Naut.)    Small  hawser,  tow-rope. 
Town,   «.     I.    Place,    borough,   burgh,   village, 

hamlet,  thorp. 

2.  City,  metropolis. 

3.  Court  end  {of  London). 

4.  {Local,  U.  S.)    Township. 
Town-hall,  n.    Town-house. 
Town-house,  «.     I.   Town-hall. 

2.   City  residence. 

Township,  n.     Town  territory,  district  of  a  town. 

Townsman,  n.    I.   Inhabitant  of  a  town,  burgher, 
burgess. 
2.   {New  Eng.l     Selectman. 

Towns-people,  n.  pi.  Towns-folk,  dwellfcrs  iu 
towns. 

Town-talk,  «.  Topic  of  common  conversation, 
common  talk. 

Toxicodendron,  n.  (Bat.)  Poison-ivy,  poison- 
oak,  mercury. 

Toxicology,  «.     Science  of  poisons. 

ToxophoUte,  «.  Archer,  lover  of  archery,  one 
addicted  to  archery. 

Toy,  n.  I.  Plaything,  bawble,  gewgaw,  trinket, 
knick-knack,  gimcrack,  kickshaw. 


TOY 


440 


TRAIT 


2.  Trifle,  petty  commodity. 

3.  Trifle,  small  matter,  bubble,  bagatelle. 

4.  Folly,  wild  fancy,  odd  conceit,  trifling 
opinion. 

5.  Play,  sport,  amorous  dalliance. 

6.  Silly  tale,  old  story. 

Toy,  V.  n.  Trifle,  dally,  sport,  wanton,  play,  bill 
and  coo. 

TracCf  «.  I.  Footprint,  footmark,  footstep, 
track,  trail,  wake,  vestige. 

2.  Mark,  sign,  token,  vestige,  record,  memo- 
rial, remains. 

Trace,  v.  a,  I.  Follow  (py  a  track  or  mark), 
track,  trail. 

2.  Delineate,  draw,  sketch,  mark  out,  trace 
out. 

3.  Traverse,  go  over,  walk  over. 
Trachea,  «.     (,Anat.)    Windpipe,  weasand. 
Tracheocele,  «.     {Med.)  Bronchocele,  goitre,  en- 
largement of  the  thyroid  gland. 

Tracing:,  «.  Copy  {of  a  drawing  on  tracing- 
paper). 

Track,  «.  I.  Footprint,  footmark,  footstep, 
trace,  vestige. 

2.  Trail,  wake,  trace. 

3.  Course,  way,  road,  path,  pathway,  beaten 
path. 

4.  Lines  of  rails  {on  a  railway). 

Track,  v.  a.  Follow  {by  a  track),  trace,  trail, 
pursue,  chase. 

Trackless,  <z.     Untrodden,  pathless. 

Track-master, «.     {Railways.)     Road-master. 

Track-way,  «.  Tram-way,  tram-road,  plate- 
railway. 

Tract,  n.     I.   Region,  district,  territory,  quarter. 

2.  Piece  {of  land),  part,  portion,  parcel,  plot, 
patch. 

3.  Treatise,  dissertation,  pamphlet,  essay, 
written    discourse,    disquisition,   sermon,    hom- 

4.  Length,  extent,  continued  duration. 
TractaWli^,  «.     Docility,  tractableness. 
Tractahle,  a.     I.  Docile,  manageable,  governable, 

willing. 
2.   Practicable,  feasible. 
Tractableness,  «.     Docility,  tractability. 
Tractarian,  n.    Puseyite,  Tractite,  writer  of  the 

Oxford  tracts. 
Tractarianism,  n.    Puseyism. 
Traction,  «.     I.    Drawing,  pulling,  draught. 

2.  Tension. 

3.  Attraction,  drawing  toward. 
Tractive,  a.     Pulling,  attracting. 

Trade,  «.  I.  Traffic,  commerce,  barter,  dealing, 
business,  purchase  and  sale,  buying  and  selling, 
exchange  of  commodities. 

2.  Manual  occupation,  mechanical  employ- 
ment, handicraft. 

3.  Occupation,  employment,  business,  calling, 
pursuit,  vocation,  craft,  office,  avocation,  profes- 
sion. 

Trade,  v.  n.  Traffic,  deal,  bargain,  barter,  inter- 
change, chaffier,  carry  on  commerce,  buy  and 
sell,  drive  a  trade,  drive  a  bargain. 

Trade,  v.  a.     I.   Sell,  exchange  in  commerce. 
2.    Exchange,  barter. 

Trade-price,  «.  Wholesale  price,  price  allowed 
to  traders. 

Trader,  «.  Tradesman,  dealer,  shop-keeper,  mer- 
chant. 

Tradesman,  «.    I.  See  Trader. 

2.    {U.  S.^    Mechanic,  artisan,  artificer. 

Trading:,  a.     Commercial,  mercantile. 

Tradition,  «.  I.  {Law.)  Transfer  {of  posses- 
sion), delivery. 

2.  Oral  report  {from  one  generation  to 
another). 


Traditional,  a.  Orally  transmitted  [from  age  to 
age),  traditionary,  traditive. 

Traduce,  v.  a.  Vilify,  defame,  revile,  slander, 
malign,  calumniate,  asperse,  abuse,  decry,  dis- 
parage, depreciate,  blemish,  run  down,  speak  ill 
of,  wilfully  misrepresent,  expose  to  contempt. 

Traducer,  «.  Slanderer,  calumniator,  defamer, 
detractor,  vilifier. 

Traduction,  «.     (Rare.)    l.   Propagation. 

2.  Tradition,  transmission  from   one    to    an- 
other. 

3.  Conveyance,  transportation,  transferring. 
Traffic,  n.    Trade,  commerce,  exchange  or  sale  of 

commodities. 

Traffic,  v.  n.     I.    Trade,   barter,   deal,    bargain, 
chaffer,  carry  on  commerce,  buy  and   sell,  ex- 
change. 
2.   Trade  meanly,  trade  mercenarily. 

Traffic,  v.  a.     Exchange. 

Trafficker,  «.     Trader,  merchant. 

Tragedian,  «.     Actor  {of  tragedy),  tragic  actor. 

Tragedienne,  «.  [Fr.]  Actress  {of  tragedy), 
tragic  actress. 

Tragedy,  «•     I.   Dramatic  poem,  drama,  play. 
2.    Calamity,   disaster,   catastrophe,   shocking 
event. 

Tragic,      \a.     I.    Of  tragedy,    of  the   nature  of 

Tragical,  J      tragedy,  after  the  manner  of  tragedy. 
2.   Shocking,  dreadful,  calamitous,  mournful, 
sorrowful,  fatal,  disastrous. 

Trail,  v.  a.     I.    Draw,  drag  along. 

2.  Track,  trace,  follow,  hunt. 

3.  {Local  Eng.)     Impose  upon,  take  advan- 
tage of  one's  ignorance. 

Trail,  v.  n.     I.   Drag,  be  drawn  along,  be  drawn 

out. 
2.    Run  {as  a  plant),   climb,   grow  to  great 

length. 
Trail,  «.     I.   Train. 

2.  Track,   trace,  mark,    footprint,   footmark, 
footstep. 

3.  Scent. 

4.  \.U.  S.'\     Yooiytzih  {made  by  Indians). 

5.  Entrails  {as  of  fowl  or  of  sheep). 
TraUing-arbutuS,  «.     Ground-laurel,  Mayflower 

{EpigcEa  repens). 
Trail-net,  «.     Drag-net,  trawl-net. 

Train,  «•    i.  Trail. 

2.  Retinue,  suite,   staff,    followers,   body  of 
attendants,  cortege. 

3.  Orderly  company,  procession. 

4.  Series,  succession,  consecution,  chain. 

5.  Course,  process,  method,  order. 

6.  Line  {as  of  cars  connected  with  one  an- 
other). 

7.  Line  of  gunpowder. 

8.  Persuasion,  artifice,  enticement,  allurement, 
device,  stratagem. 

9.  Trap,  lure. 
10.   Tail  of  a  bird. 

Train,  v.  a.     I.   Trail,  draw,  drag,  haul,  tug. 

2.  Entice,  allure,  draw  by  persuasion. 

3.  Educate,  discipline,  instruct,  drill,  form  by 
practice,  school,  exercise. 

4.  Break  in,  accustom,  habituate,  inure,  use, 
familiarize. 

Train,  v.  n.    Drill,  exercise,  do  military  duty. 

Train-band,  «.     Company  of  militia. 

Trained,  a.  Experienced,  practised,  skilled,  edu- 
cated, qualified,  fitted. 

Training,  «.  Instruction,  teaching,  education, 
drilling,  drill,  discipline,  schooling,  breeding,  tui- 
tion, nurture. 

Train-oil, «.     Whale-oil. 

Train  up.  Educate,  teach,  bring  up,  nurture, 
train,  rear. 

Trait,  «.     I.   Stroke,  touch,  mark,  line. 


TRAITOR 


441 


TRANSGRESSIVE 


2.    Feature,  lineament,  characteristic,  peculi- 
arity, mark. 
Traitor,    «.      I.     Betrayer    {^especially    of    one's 
country)^  deceiver,  renegade,  apostate,  perfidious 
person. 

2.   Rebel,  insurgent,  revolter,  deserter,  muti- 
neer. 
Traitorous,  a.    I.   Treacherous,  perfidious,  faith- 
less, false,  recreant. 

2.  Treasonable,  treacherous,  seditious,  perfid- 
ious, insidious. 

Trammel,  «.    I.  Net. 

2.  Impediment,  fetter,  shackle,  clog,  bond, 
chain,  restraint,  hindrance. 

3.  Pot-hook. 

Trammel,  v.  a.  Shackle,  hamper,  clog,  fetter, 
confine,  restrain,  hinder,  cramp,  cumber,  tie,  curb, 
restrict. 

Tramontane,  a.  I.  Foreign,  barbarous,  outland- 
ish, alien,  strange,  heathenish. 

2.  Ultramontane,  beyond  the  mountains  or  the 
Alps. 

Tramp,  v.  «.  {Colloq.)  Travel  {on  foot),  trudge, 
march  (heavily),  jog  on,  plod. 

Tramp,  n.     I.  Journey  {on  foot),  walk,  march. 

2.  Heavy  walk,  heavy  tread. 

3.  Stroller,  tramper,  vagabond,  vagrant,  loafer, 
landloper. 

Tramper,  «.     Stroller,  vagrant,  vagabond,  tramp. 
Trample,  v.  a.     I.   Tread  upon,  tread  under  foot, 
trample  on,  crush. 

2.  Tread  down,  prostrate  by  treading. 

3.  Treat  with  scorn,  spurn. 

Trample  on.  I.  Trample,  tramp,  tread  upon,  tread 
under  foot. 

2.  Spurn,  scorn,  slight,  defy,  set  at  naught, 
make  light  of. 

Tram-way,  «.  Tram-road,  plate-railway,  track- 
way. 

Trance,  «.     I.   Ecstasy. 
2.  (Med.)     Catalepsv. 

TranQtlil,  a.  Calm,  still,  quiet,  serene,  placid,  un- 
ruffled, unmoved,  untroubled,  peaceful,  undis- 
turbed. 

Tranquillity,  «•  Quiet,  quietness,  peace,  stillness, 
serenity,  calmness,  placidness,  tranquilness, 
peacefulness. 

Tranquillize,  v.  a.  Calm,  quiet,  silent,  still,  com- 
pose, lull,  hush,  quell,  lay,  allay,  pacify,  soothe, 
appease,  assuage,  moderate,  make  tranquil. 

Tranquillization,  «.  Pacification,  reconciliation, 
reconcilement,  accommodation. 

Tranquilness,  «.     See  Tranquillity. 

Transact,  v.  a.  Do,  perform,  manage,  conduct, 
carry  on,  execute,  enact,  despatch. 

Transact,  v.  n.  Treat,  manage,  negotiate,  con- 
duct. 

Transaction,  «.  I.  Doing,  performance,  manage- 
ment, negotiation. 

2.  Affair,  proceeding,  occurrence,  incident, 
event,  procedure,  business,  action,  matter. 

Transcend,  v.  a.  I.  Exceed,  transgress,  overstep, 
pass,  overpass,  go  beyond,  pass  over,  overleap. 

2.  Surmount,  rise  above. 

3.  Surpass,  excel,  outstrip,  overtop,  outdo,  ex- 
ceed, outvie,  be  superior. 

Transcendence,  I  «.    Supereminence,  superior  ex- 
Transcendency,  (      cellence,  marked  superiority. 
Transcendent,    a.     I.     Pre-eminent,    surpassing, 
supereminent,    unequalled,    unparalleled,    peer- 
less, unrivalled,  inimitable,  very  superior,  con- 
summate, unsurpassed,  supreme  in  excellence- 

2.  Transcendental,  above  or  dominating  the 
{A  ristoteliari)  categories. 

3.  Transcending  the  scope  of  knowledge,  su- 
persensible, metempirical,  noumenal,  transcend- 
ing the  limits  of  possible  experience,  beyond  the 


range  of  reason  or  of  the  transcendental  (or  a 
priori)  principles  of  knowledge. 
Transcendental,  a.     I.    Supereminent,  transcen- 
dent,   pre-eminent,    surpassing,    supreme,    con- 
summate. 

2.  (Colloq.)  Obscure,  dark,  vague,  indefinite, 
speculative,  mystic,  mystical,  fantastic,  filmy, 
thin,  abstruse,  indistinct,  rarefied,  attenuated, 
unreal,  intangible,  impalpable,  recondite. 

3.  {Math.)  Non-algebraic,  extra-algebraic,  in- 
volving other  than  the  four  fundamental  opera- 
tions. 

4.  {Met.)  a.  A  priori,  pure,  organic,  pri- 
mordial, original,  aboriginal,  formal,  formative, 
constitutive,  relating  to  form  as  distinguished 
from  matter,  non-empirical. 

b.  Syntheticalj  combinative,  unitive,  unify- 
ing, unificatory,  colligative,  constructive  of  system 
in  experience,  warranting  inference  from  ihe  past 
to  the  future. 

c.  Non-transcendent,  immanent,  limited  to 
experience,  applicable  to  phenomena  alone,  in- 
applicable to  the  absolute,  to  noumena,  to  the 
supersensible,  or  to  things  in  themselves. 

Transcribe,  v.  a.     Copy,  write  a  copy  of. 

Transcriber, «.    Copier,  copyist. 
Transcript,  n.     I.   Written    copy,    transcription, 
rescript. 
2.  Copy,  imitation. 
Transcription,  «.     I.    Copying,  transcribing. 

2.  (Mus.)  Adaptation  {to  07ie  instrument  of 
a  piece  intended  for  another^  or  for  the  voice ;^ 
rearrangement,  reproduction. 

3.  Copy,  transcript. 

Transfer,  v.  a.  I.  Transport,  carryover,  convey, 
transmit,  remove,  translate. 

2.  Remove,  transplant. 

3.  Alienate,  abalienate,  consign,  convey,  make 
over,  deliver  over,  pass,  assign,  confer,  pass  over, 
transmit. 

Transfer,  «.     I.  Transferring,  removal. 

2.  .Alienation,  abalienation,  demise,  convey- 
ance, transferrence. 

Transferrence,  «.     I.   Transmission,  transmittal, 
transfusion. 
2.   Alienation,  conveyance,  transfer. 

Transfiguration,  «.  Transformation,  metamor- 
phosis, change  of  form. 

Transfigure,  v.  a.    Transform,  metamorphose. 

Transfix,  v.  a.  Transpierce,  penetrate,  perforate, 
pierce  through. 

Transform,  7>.  a.  I.  Transfigure,  metamorphose, 
change  the  form  of. 

2.  Transmute,  change  into  another  substance, 
convert. 

3.  Change,  change  the  nature  of,  convert. 

4.  Transubstantiate  {Rom.  Cath.  Church). 
Transformation,     n.     I.    Metamorphosis,    trans- 
figuration, change  of  form. 

2.  Transmutation,  conversion,  change. 

3.  Change,  conversion. 

4.  Transubstantiation. 

Transfuse,  v.  a.  Transfer  {as  hy  pouring,  instil- 
ling, or  injecting),  convey,  transmit. 

Transfusion,  ».     Transferrence,  transmission. 

Transgress,  v.  a.  I.  Exceed,  transcend,  pass, 
overstep,  overpass,  go  beyond,  pass  over. 

2.  Disobey,  infringe,  break,  contravene,  set  at 
naught,  violate. 

Transgress,  v.  «.     Err,  sin,  offend,  do  amiss. 

Transgression,  «.  I.  Infringement,  violation, 
infraction,  breach,  non-observance,  transgress- 
ing. 

2.  Sin,  offence,  crime,  misdemeanor,  misdeed, 
misdoing,  fault,  trespass,  evil  deed,  error,  wrong- 
doing. 

Transgressive,  a.     Faulty,  culpable,  wrong. 


TRANSGRESSOR 


442 


TRAVAIL 


Transgressor,   «.     Offender,    trespasser,    culprit, 

delinquent,  sinner,  evil-doer. 
Transient,    a.     I.   Passing,    fleeting,    temporary, 

soon   past,   soon  passing,   flying,  flitting,    brief, 

fugitive. 
2.    Hasty,  momentary,  imperfect,  short. 
Transiently,  ad.     lu  passage,  for  a  short  time,  in 

a  transient  manner. 
Transire,  «.     Permit,  custom-house  warrant. 
Transit,   «.     I.   Passage  through,  passage  over, 

act  of  passing. 

2.  Conveyance,  passage. 

3.  Line  of  passage,  line  of  conveyance. 

4.  Passage  {as  qjf  a  heavenly  body  across  the 
meridian). 

Transition,  «.    Change,  shifting. 

Transitional,  a.     Transitionary. 

Transitionary,  a.     Transitional. 

Transitive,  a.     {Gram.)    Active. 

Transitory,  a.  Transient,  passing,  fleeting,  flit- 
ting, flymg,  temporary,  evanescent,  ephemeral, 
momentary,  short,  brief,  fugacious,  short-lived, 
of  short  duration,  here  to-day  and  gone  to-mor- 
row. 

Translate,  v.  a.  I.  iAntiguated.]  Remove, 
transport. 

2.  Transfer. 

3.  Render,  construe,  interpret. 

4.  Transform,  change  into  another  form. 
Translation,  n.    I.  Removal,  transportation,  con- 
veyance, carriage. 

2.  Transfer,  transferring,  transferrence. 

3.  Interpretation,  rendering. 

4.  Version. 

5.  {Med.)    Metastasis,  change  in  the  seat  of  a 
disease. 

Translucency,  «.    I.   Semi-transparency,    trans- 
lucence,     pellucidity,     pellucidness,      diaphane- 
ity. 
2.   See  Transparency. 
Translucent,  a.     I.   Semi-transparent  [admitting' 
rays  of  light,  but  not  capable  of  being  distinctly 
seen  through),  pellucid,  diaphanous. 
2.   See  Transparent. 

Transmigrate,  v.  n.    \.  Migrate. 

2.   Transanimate. 

Transmigration,  «.    I.  Migration. 

2.   Metempsychosis,  transanimation. 

Transmission,  «.  Transferrence,  transmittal, 
transmittance. 

Transmit,   v.  a.     I.   Send,  remit,  forward,   send 
on,  send  forward. 
2.  Transfer,  convey,  carry,  bear,  hand  over. 

Transmittal,  n.  Transmission,  transferrence, 
transmittance. 

Transmittance,  «.     Transmittal,  transmission. 

TransmittiWe,  a.     Transmissible. 

TransmutaWe,  a.     Changeable. 

Transmutation,  «.     I.   Transformation,  metamor- 
phosis, transfiguration. 
2.   (Geom.)    Change,  reduction,  conversion. 

Transmute,  v.  a.  Change  {from  one  form  or  na- 
ture into  another),  transform. 

Transom,  «.     Transsummer. 

Transparence,  ) «.    Clearness,   lucidity,   limpid- 
Transparency,  )     ness,  translucency. 

Transparent,  a.  l.  Clear,  lucid,  bright,  limpid, 
crystalline,  transpicuous,  translucent,  that  may  be 
seen  through. 

2.  Open,  porous,  transpicuous. 

3.  Clear,  lucid,  open,  perspicuous,  transpicu- 
ous. 

Transpierce,  v.  a.    Transfix,  penetrate,  perforate, 

pierce  through. 
Transpire,    v.    n.     I.    Evaporate    {through    the 

pores),  exhale,  pass  off  in  vapor. 

2.   Become  known,  be  disclosed,  come  to  light. 


come  out,  be  made  public,  get  abroad,  leak  out, 
appear. 

Transplant,  v.  a.    I.   Plant  in  a  new  place. 

2.  Remove,  transfer,  transpose,  transport, 
carry. 

Transplendency,  «.  Resplendence,  radiance, 
brilliancy,  splendor. 

Transplendent,  a.  Transcendently  splendid,  ra- 
diant, brilliant,  glittering,  scintillant,  resplen- 
dent. 

Transport,  v.  a.  I.  Carry  {from  one  place  to 
another),  convey,  bear,  fetch,  remove,  transfer. 

2.  Banish  {to  a  penal  colony),  cslXxy  into  ban- 
ishment. 

3.  Enrapture,  ravish,  enravish,  entrance,  be- 
atify, put  into  ecstasy,  make  very  happy,  de- 
light. 

4.  Carry  away  {by  excitement  of  any  kind ). 
Transport,    «.      I.    Conveyance,     transportation, 

carriage,  transporting. 

2.  Transport-ship,  transport- vessel. 

3.  Convict  {sentenced  to  banishment),  felon. 

4.  Rapture,  ravishment,  beatitude,  ecstasy, 
beatification,  bliss,  happiness,  felicity. 

5.  Warmth,  vehemence,  violent  manifestation, 
passion. 

6.  Convict  sentenced  to  exile. 
Transportation,  «.    I.  Transporting,  conveyance, 

carriage,  transmission,  removal. 
2.    Banishment,  forced  exile. 
Transporting,  a.    Passionate,  ecstatic,  ravishing. 
Transport-ship,  «.     See  Transport,  «.,  2. 
Transport-vessel,  «.     Transport,  transport-ship. 
Transposal,  «.     Transposition. 
Transpose,  v.  a.     Change  the  order  of  {by  putting 

one  in  place  of  the  other,  or  substituting  otie  for 

the  other). 
Transposition,  n.     Transposal. 
Transubstantiation,    «.      Change   of    substance, 

transformation. 
Transudation,    n.      I.    Exudation,    perspiration, 

sweating,  excretion,  secretion. 
2.    Exosmose,  exosmosis. 
Transude,   v.  n.     Exude,   ooze,   filter,   percolate, 

strain,  pass  by  pores. 

Transverse,  a.    Cross. 

Transversely,  ad.     Crosswise,   in  a  cross  direc- 
tion. 
Trap,  «•     I.    Snare,  gin,  pitfall,  springe,  toil. 

2.  Ambush,  stratagem,  artifice,  pitfall,  trapan, 
toil,  wile. 

3.  Trap-ball. 

4.  Trap-rock. 

Trap,  V.  a.     I.    Ensnare,  entrap,  springe,  noose. 
2.   Trapan,  ensnare,  take  by  stratagem. 

Trapan,  v.  a.     Ensnare,  trap,  entrap,  trepan. 

Trapan,  «.     I.   Snare,  trap,  stratagem. 
2.   Stratagem. 

Trapanner,  «.     Ensnarer,  decoy- man. 

Trappings,  «.  pi.  I.  Dress,  ornaments,  embel- 
lishments, decorations,  frippery,  paraphernalia, 
rigging,  gear,  livery,  adornments. 

2.  Equipments,  accoutrements,  caparisons, 
gear. 

Traps,  n.pl.  {Colloq.)  Goods,  things,  stuff,  lug- 
gage, effects,  small  zrX\c\es  {of  household  use). 

Trap-tufa,  )  «.    ( Geol.)    Volcanic    tuff,    volcanic 

Trap-tuff,  )     grit. 

Trash,  «.  Dross,  refuse,  rubbish,  trumpery,  waste 
matter,  worthless  stuff. 

Trashy,  a.  Worthless,  trifling,  trumpery,  flimsy, 
poor,  useless. 

Traumatic,  a.     Vulnerary,  good  for  wounds. 

Travail,  v.  n.     I.    Labor  with  pain,  toil. 

2.  Labor  {in  childbirth),  be  in  labor,  be  in 
travail. 

Travail,  «.     I.   Labor  with  pain,  severe  toil. 


TRAVE 


448 


TRENCHER 


2.  Childbirth,     parturition,     labor,     delivery, 
bringing  forth. 
Trave,  «.     I.    Beam,  traverse,  lay  of  joists. 

2.   Travis. 
Travel,  v.  n.     I.  Walk,  go  on  foot. 

2.  Journey,  ramble,  rove,  roam,  take  a  jour- 
ney, take  a  trip,  make  a  tour,  make  an  excursion. 

3.  Pass,  go,  move,  make  progress. 
Travel,  v.  a.     Pass,  go  over,  journey  over. 
Travel,  «.     I.   Journeying,  travelling. 

2.   Journey,  tour,  excursion,  triiJ,  expedition. 

Traveller,  «.  Wayfarer,  voyager,  itinerant,  tour- 
ist, passenger,  pilgrim. 

Travelling,  n.  Journeying,  travel,  wandering, 
peregrination. 

Travels,  «.  pi.     Book  of  travels. 

Traverse,  ad.     Athwart,  crosswise,  cross. 

Traverse,  a.     Lying  across,  cross. 

Traverse,  v.  a.     I.   Cross,  lay  athwart,  thwart. 

2.  Thwart,  obstruct,  cross  in  opposition,  coun- 
teract, frustrate,  defeat,  contravene. 

3.  Pass,   travel   over,  wander   over,  cross  in 
travelling,  go  across,  pass  through. 

4.  Pass  over  and  view,  survey  carefully,  ex- 
amine thoroughly. 

5.  {Law)    Deny,  plead  "not  guilty"  to. 

Traverse  jury.    Petit  jury. 

Travestied,  rt.     I.    Disguised. 
2.    Parodied,  burlesqued. 

Travesty,  v.  a.  Parody,  imitate,  take  oflE,  turn 
into  burlesque. 

Travesty,  «.     Parody,  burlesque,  caricature. 

Trawl-net,  «.  [Written  also  Traul-net.\  Drag- 
net, trail-net,  trawl. 

Tray,  «•     I.   Small  trough,  wooden  vessel. 
2.   Waiter,  salver. 

Treacherous,  a.  Traitorous,  perfidious,  faithless, 
unfaithful,  false,  deceitful,  insidious,  disloyal,  re- 
creant, treasonable,  betraying,  untrustworthy. 

Treachery,  «.  Perfidiousness,  perfidy,  faithless- 
ness, double-dealing,  foul  play,  mfidelity,  betray- 
al, treason,  disloyalty,  breach  of  faith,  Punic 
faith,  insidiousness.  deceitfulness. 

Treacle,  «.     I.  {Med.)    Theriaca. 

2.  Syrup,  sugar-house  molasses. 

3.  Molasses. 

Tread,  v.  «.    I.   Set  the  foot. 

2.   Walk,  go. 
Tread,  v.  a.     I.   Set  the  foot  on,  walk  on,  step 
on. 

2.  Stamp  upon,  press  down  with  the  foot,  beat 
with  the  foot. 

3.  Crush  under  foot,  trample. 

4.  Subdue,  subject. 

5.  Cover  {as  a  male  bird  the  female),  copu- 
late with. 

Tread,  «      I.   Step,  stepping, 

2.   Gait,  manner  of  stepping. 
Tread  in  the  steps  of.    Imitate,  take  pattern  by, 

follow  the  example  of. 
Tread  out.    Press  out,  press  out  with  the  feet. 
Tread  the  stage.     Act  as  a  stage-player,  perform  a 

part  in  a  drama,  tread  the  boards. 
Tread  upon.     I.  Trample,  tread  under  foot,  tread 

on. 
2.   Follow  closely. 
Tread  upon  the  heels  of.    Follow  close  upon. 

Treason,  «.  Treachery  (to  a  sovereign  or  a  Gov- 
ernmetU),  disloyalty,'breach  of  allegiance,  lese- 
majesty. 

Treasonable,  a.     Treacherous,  traitorous,  disloyal. 

Treasure,  «.  I.  Money  (hoarded  up\  funds, 
cash,  wealth,  accumulated  riches. 

2.  Stock,  store,  reserve,  abundance. 

3.  Precious  thing,  thing  of  great  value,  jewel, 
valuable. 

Treasure,  v.  a.    Hoard,  store,  garner,  save,  hus- 


band, lay  in,  lay  by,  lay  up,  treasure  up,  collect 
and  reposit. 

Treasurer,  «.     Bursar,  cash-keeper. 

Treasure-trove,  «.  Windfall,  godsend,  unex- 
pected good  fortune. 

Treasure  up.    See  Treasure. 

Treasury,  «.  Till,  strong-box,  money-box,  money- 
bag. 

Treat,  v.  a.  I.  Use,  behave  to,  behave  toward, 
deal  with,  deal  by. 

2.  Entertain,  feast. 

3.  Handle,  manage* 

4.  Discourse  on,  treat  of,  handle,  discuss. 
Treat,   v.   «.      I.     Negotiate,   bargain,   come    to 

terms,  make  terms. 
2.   Discourse. 
Treat,  ».     I.    Entertainment,  feast,  banquet. 

2.     Pleasure,  entertainment,    luxury,   delight, 
refreshment,  enjoyment,  gratification. 
Treatable,  a.    Tractable. 

Treatise,  n.  Disquisition,  dissertation,  tractate, 
formal  essay,  paper  tract. 

Treatment,  «.    I.  Usage. 

2.  Handling,  management,  manipulation. 

3.  Handling,  management,  method  of  treating. 
Treat  of.    Discuss,  handle,  discourse  upon,  descant 

upon,  deal  with. 

Treat  with.  Negotiate  with,  make  and  receive 
proposals. 

Treaty*  «•     I»   Negotiation,  act  of  treating. 

2.  Agreement  (between  ttatioTts),  league,  con- 
tract, compact,  pact,  convention,  concordat,  cov- 
enant, alliance. 

Treble,  a.     Triple,  threefold. 

Treble,  v.  a.    Triple,  make  threefold. 

Treble,  v.  n.     Become  threefold. 

Treble,  n.  {Mus.)  Highest  part  {/or  a  woman's 
voice),  soprano. 

Trebuchet,  n.  Tumbrel,  castigatory,  ducking- 
stool,  cucking-stool,  trebucket. 

Treenail, «.    Trunnel. 

Tree-frog,  «.     Tree-toad  {Hyla  arborea). 

Tree-toad,  «.     Tree-frog  (Hyla  arborea). 

Tree-of-life,  «.    Arbor  vita. 

Trefoil,  «.     I.    Clover. 

2.   Nonesuch  {Medicago  lupulina). 
Trellis,  «.     Lattice,  lattice-work,  treillnge. 
Tremble,  v.  «.     I.   Quake,  shake,  shudder,  shiver, 
quiver. 

2.  Shake,  totter,  oscillate,  rock,  quake. 

3.  Quaver,  shake. 

Trembling,  «.  Shaking,  quivering,  tremor,  trepi- 
dation, tremble. 

Trembling-poplar,  n.  Aspen-tree  {Populus  trem- 
ula). 

Tremendous,  a.  Terrible,  dreadful,  fearful,  horri- 
ble, horrid,  horrific,  frightful,  terrific,  alarming, 
awful,  appalling. 

Tremor,  «.  Trembling,  shaking,  quaking,  quiver- 
ing, trepidation,  agitation,  tremulousness. 

Tremulous,  a.  Shaking,  trembling,  quivering, 
shivering. 

Tremulousness,  «.     See  Tremor. 

Trench,  v.  a.     I.   Cut,  carve. 

2.  Furrow,  intrench. 

3.  Ditch,  dig  into  ditches,  channel. 

4.  Intrench,  fortify  with  a  ditch  and  parapet. 
Trench,  v.  n.     Encroach,  intrude,  infringe,  tres- 
pass, intrench. 

Trench,   «.      Ditch,    fosse,    moat,    drain,    sewer, 

water-course,  pit,  gutter,  channel,  trough. 
Trenchant,  a.     I.    Cutting,  sharp,  keen. 

2.   Cutting,  sharp,  incisive,  unsparing,  severe, 
biting,  sarcastic,  pointed,   acute,   keen,  caustic, 
piquant. 
Trencher,  «.     I.   Platter  {of  wood),  large  plate. 
2.  Table,  board. 


TRENCHER-FRIEND 


444 


TRIM 


3.   Food,  pleasures  of  the  table. 

Trencher-friend,  «.  Sponger,  parasite,  trencher- 
fly,  trencher-mate. 

Trencher-man,  «.     Eater,  feeder. 

Trend,  v.  n.  Turn,  run,  stretch,  tend,  incline, 
sweep. 

Trend,  «.  Tendency  {to  a  certain  direction),  in- 
clination, trending,  direction. 

Trending,  n.     Irend. 

Trental,  «.     I.   {Ecd.)    Service  of  thirty  masses. 
2.   Dirge,  requiem,  elegy. 

Trepan,  v.  a.     I.    Trephine. 

2.    Ensnare,  trap,  entrap,  trapan. 

Trepan,  «,     See  Trapan. 

Trepang,  n.  Sea-slug,  sea-cucumber,  btche-de- 
tner. 

Trephine,  v.  a.    Trepan. 

Trepidation,  «.  I.  Shaking,  trembling,  quaking, 
quivering,  tremor,  agitation,  tremulousness. 

2.  State  of  terror,  fear,  agitation,  excitement, 
dismay,  perturbation,  alarm,  fright,  terror,  con- 
sternation. 

Treroninae,  n.  pi.     {Omitk.)    Tree-pigeons. 

Trespass,  v.  n.     I.    Encroach,  infringe,  intrude, 
make   inroad  or  invasion,  trench,  enter  unlaw- 
fully. 
2.   Transgress,  offend,  sin,  commit  an  offence. 

Trespass,  «.  I.  Injury,  infringement,  encroach- 
ment, invasion. 

2.  Transgression,  crime,  fault,  sin,  misdeed, 
misdemeanor,  offence,  delinquency,  error,  wrong- 
doing. 

Trespasser,  «.     I.    Intruder,  invader. 

2.  Offender,  sinner,  transgressor,  misdoer, 
delinquent. 

Tress,  «.     Lock,  curl,  ringlet. 

Trestle,  «.  [Written  also  Tressei:]  Frame  ( /or 
supporting-  a  table,  bridge,  etc.). 

Trial,  «.     I.   Testing,  examination,  experiment. 

2.  Experience,  experimental  knowledge. 

3.  Attempt,  endeavor,  effort,  essay,  exertion, 
struggle,  aim. 

4.  Temptation,  test  of  virtue. 

5.  Test,  criterion,  proof,  touchstone,  ordeal, 
assay. 

6.  Suffering,  trouble,  affliction,  grief,  sorrow, 
distress,  tribulation,  misery,  woe,  burden,  pain, 
dolor,  mortification,  chagrin,  heartache,  unhap- 
piness,  wretchedness,  vexation,  hardship. 

7.  Suit,  case,  cause,  action. 
Triangle,  n.    Three-sided  figure,  trigon. 
Triangular,  a.     Trigonal,  triquetral. 
Trihal,  a.     Tribual,  tribular. 

Tribe,  «.     I.    Family,  race,  clan,  sept. 

2.  Nation  of  savages,  nation  of  uncivilized 
people. 

3.  Class  (  of  Persons  or  things'),  order,  divis- 
ion, distinct  portion. 

Tribnlation,  «.  Distress,  suffering,  trouble,  afflic- 
tion, grief,  sorrow,  trial,  misery,  woe,  wretched- 
ness, unhappiness,  pain,  vexation  of  spirit, 
adversity. 

Tribunal,  »■     I.    Bench,  judgment-seat. 

2.   Court,  judicatory,  bar,  court  of  justice. 

Tribunate,  «.     Tribuneship. 

Tributary,  a.  I.  Paying  tribute,  subject  to 
tribute. 

2.  Subject,  subordinate,  inferior. 

3.  Paid  in  tribute. 

4.  Contributing. 
Tribute,  «.     I.  Tax,  subsidy. 

2.  Tax.  impost,  duty,  excise,  custom,  toll. 

3.  Grant,  contribution,  offering. 

Tribute  of  praise.     Eulogy,  eulogium,  encomium, 

panegyric. 
Trica,  «.     {Bot.)    Gvrome. 
Trlcapsular,  a.    {Bot.)    Three-capsuled. 


Trice,  «.  Moment,  instant,  second,  jiffy,  flash, 
twinkling,  twinkling  of  an  eye. 

Trichocyst,  «.     {Zodl. )     Lasso-cell. 

TrichOptera,  n.  pi.     {Ent.)     Caddice-flies. 

Trichotomous,  a.    Three-forked. 

Trick,  n.  I.  Artifice,  stratagem,  wile,  cheat, 
dodge,  doubling,  fraud,  chicane,  blind,  feint, 
manoeuvre,  deceit,  imposition,  imposture,  decep- 
tion, juggle,  reach,  shuffle,  hocus-pocus,  swindle, 
chouse,  fetch,  humbug,  hoax,  cog,  gammon, 
cunning  contrivance,  sharp  practice,   ruse. 

2.  Sleight,  juggle,  antic,  caper,  gambol. 

3.  Mischievous  behavior,  annoymg  conduct. 

4.  Habit,  practice,  peculiarity,  particular 
manner. 

Trick,  zf.  <i.  I.  Cheat,  defraud,  deceive,  cozen, 
dupe,  delude,  circumvent,  gull,  chouse,  diddle, 
overreach,  impose  upon. 

2.  [Often  followed  by  up,  off,  or  out.'X  Dress, 
decorate,  set  off,  adorn  fantastically,  bedizen, 
bedeck. 

Tricker,  «.     I.   See  Trickster. 
2.   Trigger. 

Trickery,  «.  Deception,  fraud,  artifice,  deceitful- 
ness,  knavery,  chicane,  chicanery,  stratagem. 

Tricking,  «.     I.  Cheating. 

2.   Dress,  ornament,  decoration,  finery. 

Trickish,  a.  Knavish,  artful,  deceitful,  wily,  dis- 
honest,  roguish,  unprincipled,  tricky,  fraudu- 
lently cunning,  mischievously  subtle. 

Tricklasite,  «.     {Min.)    Fahlunite. 

Trickle,  v.  n.  Drop,  drip,  flow  gently,  trill,  drib- 
ble, distil. 

Trickster,  n.  Deceiver,  cheat,  rogue,  knave, 
tricker,  impostor,  double-dealer,  hocus-pocus, 
swindler. 

Tricksy,  a.     Trickish,  artful. 

Tricky,  a.     {Colloq.)     See  Trickish. 

Tricuspid,  a.     Three-pointed,  tricuspidate. 

Tricuspidate,  a.     See  Tricuspid. 

Tridentate,  a.     Three-toothed,  tridented. 

Trifid,  a.    Three-cleft. 

Trifle,  «.  Triviality,  small  matter,  bawble,  noth- 
ing, bubble,  thing  of  little  value  or  consequence, 
thmg  of  no  moment,  drop  in  the  bucket,  shadow 
of  a  shade,  bagatelle. 

Trifle,  v.  n.     I.   Act  with  levity,  be  busy  about 
trifles,  toy,  dally,  play,  dawdle,  palter,  fribble. 
2.   Talk  idly  or  frivolously,  toy,  wanton. 

Trifle  away.  Waste,  dissipate,  spend  in  vanity, 
fritter  away. 

Trifler,  «.  Doodle,  idler,  lounger,  fribble,  frib- 
bler. 

Trifle  with.  Play  the  fool  with,  treat  without 
respect,  mock. 

Trifling,  a.  Trivial,  petty,  frivolous,  frippery, 
worthless,  inconsiderable,  nugatory,  slight,  un- 
important, insignificant,  immaterial,  piddling,  of 
little  value  or  consequence,  of  no  moment,  of 
small  importance. 

Trifoly,  «.     Sweet  trefoil. 

TriteStSl,!-     Thr«-prc„ged 

Trig,  a.    {Local.)    Trim,  neat,  spruce,  smart,  tidy 

Trig,  V.  a.     Stop,  scotch. 

TrigrammiC,  a     Triliteral. 

Trigraph,  «.     Triphthong,  trigram. 

Trill,  n.     Shake,  quaver. 

Trill,  V.  a.     Shake,  sing  with  a  trill. 

Trill,  V.  n.     I.    Quaver. 

2.    Trickle. 
Trillium,  n.    {Bot.)    Three-leaved  nightshade. 
Trillo,  «.     [It.]     Shake,  trill. 
Trim,  a.     I.    Snug,  neat,  nice,  compact,  well-ad- 
justed, well-ordered,  tidy. 


TRIM 


445 


TROT  OUT 


2.   Spruce,  finical,  smart. 
Trim,  «.     I.   Dress,  gear,  ornaments,  trimmings, 
trappings. 
2.    State,  condition,  order,  case,  plight. 
Trim,  v.  a.     I.   Adjust,  arrange,  put  in  order,  set 
right,  make  trim,  prepare. 

2.  Dress,  decorate,  ornament,  embellish,  adorn, 
garnish,  deck,  bedeck,  set  out,  array,  set  off, 
trick  out. 

3.  Clip,  lop,  shear,  prune,  curtail,  shave,  shear. 

4.  {Colloq.)  Rebuke,  chide,  reprove  sharply, 
reprimand. 

Trim,  v.  «.  Fluctuate,  vacillate,  balance,  be  on 
the  fence,  veer  round,  change  sides,  be  a  time- 
server,  shift,  shuffle,  play  fast  and  loose,  blow 
hot  and  cold. 

Trimester,  «.     Three  months,  quarter. 

Trimmer,  «•  Time-server,  time-pleaser,  timist, 
Janus,  weather-cock. 

Trimmings,  «. />/.   I.   Ornaments,  trappings,  dress, 
gear,  trim. 
2.    Relish,  garnish. 

Trinitarian, «.    Tripersonalist. 

Trinity,  «.    I.  Tri unity. 

2.  [With  The  prefixed.]  The  Holy  Trinity, 
the  Godhead,  Triune  God. 

Trinket,  «.  I.  Toy,  bawble,  knick-knack,  gewgaw, 
gimcrack,  whim-wham,  trifle,  bagatelle. 
2.   {N'aut.)    Top-sail,  top-gallant  sail. 

Trinkets,  «.  //.  Jewels,  jewelry,  bijoutry,  trifling 
ornaments. 

Trinkgeld,  n.     Drink-money,  pour-boire. 

Trip,  V.  n.  I.  Skip,  hop,  step  quickly,  dance, 
foot  it. 

2.  Stumble,  lose  footing,  make  a  false  step, 
make  a  false  movement. 

3.  Fail,  mistake,  err,  be  at  fault,  come  short, 
commit  an  offence,  bungle,  blunder. 

Trip,  V.  a.  I.  Supplant,  throw  off  the  balance, 
trip  up. 

2.  Overthrow,  cause  to  fail,  supplant,  upset. 

3.  Detect,  catch,  convict. 
Trip,  n.     I.    Skip,  hop,  light  step. 

2.  Stumble,  false  step,  misstep,  loss  of  balance. 

3.  Slip,  lapse,  failure,  mistake,  oversight, 
error,  blunder,  fault,  miss,  stumble. 

4.  Jaunt,  excursion,  tour,  ramble,  stroll,  short 
journey- 
Tripe,  «.     I.    Entrails,  intestines. 

2.   (Litdicrous.)     Human  belly. 

Tripetalous,  a.     Three-petaled. 

Trip-hammer,  «.     Tilt-hammer,  tilt. 

Triphane,  n.     {Min.)    Spodumene. 

Triphthon?,  «.     Trigraph. 

TriphylloUS,  a.     Three-leaved. 

Triple,  a.     I.   Threefold,  triplicate. 
2.   Treble,  three  times  repeated. 

Triple,  v.  a.    Treble,  make  threefold. 

Triple-crown, «.    Tiara. 

Triplicate,  a.     Threefold,  treble. 

Tripllcity,  «.     Trebleness. 

Tripping,  a.     Quick,  nimble,  agile,  nimble-footed. 

Tripsis,  «.   I.   (yW^-rf.)    Trituration,  comminution, 
pulverization,  levigation. 
2.   Shampooing. 

TriquetrotiS,  a.     (Bot.)    Three-edged,  trigonal. 

Tri3a?ion,  «.    Tersanctus. 

Trismus,  n.  [I,.]  {Med.)  Locked-jaw,  lock-jaw, 
tetanus  (of  the  j'aiv). 

Trite,  a.  Common,  stale,  threadbare,  hackneyed, 
beaten,  worn  out,  common-place,  stereotyped. 

Triturate,  v.  a.  I.  Grind,  bruise,  rub,  thrash, 
bray,  pound,  beat. 

2.  Levigate,  comminute,  grind  to  powder,  pul- 
verize. 

Trituration,  «.  Pulverization,  comminution,  levi- 
gation. 


Triumph,    n.      I.  Ovation,    celebration,  jubilee, 
jubilation,     exultation,     flourish     of     trumpets, 
]oy- 
2.   Conquest,  victory,  success. 

Triumph,  v.  «.  I.  Exult,  rejoice,  hold  a  triumph, 
celebrate  a  victory. 

2.  Prevail,  succeed,  get  the  mastery,  obtain  a 
victory,  meet  with  success. 

3.  Be  prosperous,  flourish,  thrive,  prosper. 

4.  Boast,  crow,  swagger,  brag,  vaunt,  exult, 
boast  insolently. 

Triumphal  song.     Paean,  song  of  triumph. 
Triumphant,   a.  •    I.  Triumphing,    rejoicing   for 
victory,  exultant,  elated,  jubilant. 

2.  Exultant,  jubilant,  exulting. 

3.  Victorious,  successful,  crowned  with  suc- 
cess, graced  with  conquest. 

Tritunph  over.  Subdue,  conquer,  vanquish,  over* 
come,  subjugate,  overpower,  beat,  master,  get 
the  better  of,  obtain  victory,  prevail  over. 

Triune,  a.    Trinal. 

Triunity,  «.     Trinity. 

Trivial,  «.  I.  (.Rare.)  Common,  ordinary,  vul- 
gar, common-place. 

2.  Trifling,  petty,  small,  frivolous,  slight,  light, 
nugatory,  paltry,  unimportant,  inconsiderable, 
insignificant,  immaterial,  of  little  value,  of  little 
conseouence. 

Triviality,  n.  I.  Trivialness,  unimportance,  in- 
significance, indifference. 

2.  Trifle,  small  matter,  bawble,  nothing,  bub- 
ble, thing  of  little  value  or  consequence,  thing  of 
no  moment,  bagatelle. 

Trivialness,  «.     I.   Commonness,  triviality. 
2«    Lightness,  unimportance. 

Troche,  «.     Lozenge. 

Trochee,  «.  Choree,  foot  of  one  long  and  one 
short  syllable. 

Trochlear,  a.     Pulley-shaped. 

Troglodyte,  «.  Wretch,  outcast,  pilgarlic,  panah, 
miserable  fellowj  castaway. 

Troll,  V.  a.  [Written  also  Troul.)  I.  Roll,  turn, 
turn  round,  drive  about,  move  circularly. 

2.  Send  about,  circulate,  pass  round. 

3.  Sing  loudly. 

4.  Angle  with  a  trolling  line. 

5.  Allure,  entice,  lure,  draw  on. 

6.  Fish  in,  seek  to  catch  fish  from. 
Troll,  v.n.    I.  Roll. 

2.   Sing  a  catch  or  round. 
Troll,  «.     I.    Catch,  rouiid. 

2.   Dwarf,  kobold,  elf,  gnome. 
Trollop,  n.     Slattern,  slut 
Trona,  «      Sesqui-carbonate  of  soda  {native). 
Troop,  «.     I.  Throng,  multitude,  company,  num- 
ber, crowd. 

2.  Band,  company,  squad,  body,  party. 

3.  Company  ^  stage-players),  troupe. 
Troop,  V.  n.     I,   Throng,  gather  in  crowds,  collect 

in  numbers,  muster,  flock,  crowd. 

2.  March  in  a  company. 

3.  March  in  haste. 
Troop-hird,  n.     Troopial. 

Trooper,    n.     Horse-soldier,    horseman,     hussar, 

dragoon. 
Troops,  n.  pi.     I.    Throngs,  gangs. 

2.   Army,     soldiers,    forces,    legions,     armed 
force,  military  force,  body  of  troops. 
Trope,  n.     Figure  of  speech. 
Trophy,  ».     Memorial   of  conquest,    evidence    of 

victory. 
Tropical,  a.     I.   Of  the  tropics. 
2.    Figurative,  metaphorical. 
Troth,   n.      I.  Truth,   verity,   veracity,   sincerity, 
honesty,  candor. 
2.   Fidelity,  faith,  belief,  allegiance,  word. 
Trot  out.     I.   Lead  out,  bring  out. 


TROTTERS 


446 


TRUNDLE-BED 


2.  Bring  forward,  exhibit,  lead  out,  produce, 
display. 

Trotters,  «.  pi.     Feet  {of  animals). 

Trottoir,  n.  [Fr.]  Sidewalk,  foot-pavement,  foot- 
way. 

Trouble,  v.  a.  I.  Agitate,  disturb,  derange,  dis- 
order, put  out  of  order,  disarrange,  put  in  com- 
motion, confuse. 

2.  Afflict,  distress,  grieve,  annoy,  vex,  fret, 
plague,  torment,  harass,  worry,  pester,  badger, 
disquiet,  concern,  make  anxious,  make  uneasy, 
disturb,  perplex,  grieve,  molest,  perturb. 

3.  Inconvenience,  incommode,  give  occasion 
for  labor  to. 

Trouble,  «.  I.  Affliction,  distress,  dolor,  suffer- 
ing, calamity,  grief,  tribulation,  adversity,  misfor- 
tune,^rrow,  woe,  misery,  pain. 

2.  Annoyance,  perplexity,  vexation,  embarrass- 
ment, plague,  torment,  irritation,  worry,  care, 
anxiety,  inconvenience. 

3.  Perplexity,  embarrassment,  bewilderment, 
disquietude,  uneasiness. 

4.  Matter,  cause  of  distress. 
Troublesome,   a.      I.   Vexatious,    annoying,    per- 
plexing, harassing,  galling,  painful. 

2.  Burdensome,  wearisome,  tiresome,  irksome. 

3.  Importunate,  teasing,  intrusive. 

4.  Hard,  difficult,  trying,  arduous. 
Troublous,    a.       I.     Tumultuous,    agitated,    dis- 
turbed, turbulent,  perturbed,   disquieted. 

2.    Full  of  trouble,  tumultuous,  full    of  afflic- 
tion, troublesome. 
Trough,  n.     I.    Long  tray. 

2.  Wooden  channel. 

3.  Channel,  depression,  furrow,  hollow. 
Trousers,  «. //.     [Written  also   Trowsers.'\     Pan- 
taloons. 

Trousseau,  «.    [Fr.]    Outfit  (<?/■  a  3r/</,?). 
Truant,  a.     Wandering  from  business,    loitering, 

idling,  shirking. 
Truant,  «.     Idler,  loiterer,  shirk,  laggard,  lounger, 

run-away. 
Truce,  «.     I.   Armistice,  suspension  of  hostilities, 

cessation  of  arms. 
2.    Intermission,   cessation,    short  rest,    short 

quiet,  pause,  respite,  interval   of  rest,  reprieve, 

temporary  peace,  breathing-time. 
Truck,  V.  n.     Barter,  deal,  trade,  traffic. 
Truck,  V.   a.      Barter,   exchange,   traffic,    give  in 

exchange,  trade. 
Truck,  n.     I.    Barter,  exchange. 

2.  {Colloq.)  Small  commodities,  merchandise, 
wares,  goods. 

3.  {Colloq.)    Luggage. 
Truckage,  «.     I.   Exchange,  barter. 

2.    Freight,  charge  for  carriage. 

Truckle,  v.  a.     Trundle,  roll. 

Truckle,  v.  n.  Cringe,  stoop,  crouch,  submit, 
knuckle,  yield  {obsequiously)^  bend  the  knee, 
knock  under,  be  servile,  bend  obsequiously, 
fawn  upon,  curry  favor  with. 

Truckle-bed,  «.     Trundle  bed. 

Truckman,  «.     Carman,  truck-driver. 

Truculence,  \  «.     Ferocity,  ferociousness,  savage- 

Truculency, )     ness. 

Truculent,  a.  I.  Savage,  fierce,  ferocious,  bar- 
barous. 

2.  Savage,  fierce,  relentless,  ferocious,  malev- 
olent, cruel,  brutish. 

3.  Cruel,  destructive,  ruthless,  fatal,  deadly. 
Trudge,  w.  «.     I.    Trzve:\  {on  foot),  tramp,  go. 

2.   March  {heavily),  jog  on,  travel  with  labor, 
plod. 
True,  a.     I.   Real,  genuine,  veritable,  actual,  pure, 
authentic. 

2.  Truthful,  veracious,  authentic,  conforma- 
ble to  fact. 


3.  Faithful,  constant,  steady,  loyal,  stanch. 

4.  Honest,  honorable,  upright,  just,  equitable, 
virtuous,  trusty,  trustworthy. 

5.  Exact,  accurate,  correct,  conformable  to  a 
rule. 

True,  ad.  Yes,  ay,  good,  well,  very  well,  well  and 
good,  granted. 

True-blue,  a.  {Colloq.)  Honest,  faithful,  stanch, 
loyal,  true,   incorruptible. 

True-blue,  «.     True-penny,  honest  fellow. 

True-bom,  a.    Genume. 

True-hearted,  a.  Honest,  sincere,  faithful,  loyal, 
constant,  trusty,  guileless,  trustworthy. 

True-jack,  «.    Luce,  pike,  pickerel  {Esox  lucius). 

True-love,   n.      I.    Lover,    sweetheart,    beloved, 
darling,  dear,  love. 
2.    One-berry,  herb-paris  {Part's  quadrifolia) 

True-love-knot,  «.     True  lover's  knot. 

True-penny,  «.     Honest  fellow,  true-blue. 

Truism,  «.  Axiom,  self-evident  truth,  evident 
proposition,  necessary  truth. 

Trull,  n.  Drab,  strumpet,  prostitute,  harlot,  whore, 
courtesan,  bawd,  punk,  trollop,  Cyprian,  street- 
walker, night-walker,  woman  of  the  town. 

Truly,  ad.  I.  Really,  verily,  in  truth,  with  truth, 
in  fact,  in  deed,  actually. 

2.  Truthfully,  veraciously. 

3.  Honestly,  candidly,  plainly,  sincerely,  really, 
faithfully,  in  good  earnest,  in  sober  earnest,  sooth 
to  say,  without  equivocation,  in  plain  English, 
without   mincing  the  matter. 

4.  Faithfully,  constantly,  steadfastly,  sincerely. 

5.  Correctly,  exactly,  strictly,  accurately,  justly, 
precisely. 

Trump,  n.     I.   {Poetical.)    Trumpet. 

2.   Trump-card,  winning  card. 
Trump,  V.  a.      I.   Lay  a  trump  on,  win  with  a 
trump. 

2.  Trick,  impose  on. 

3.  Obtrude,  impose  unfairly. 
Trump,  V.  n.        Play  a  trump. 

Trumpery,  «.  I.  Falsehood,  deceit,  imposture, 
humbug,  deception. 

2.  Trash,  rubbish,  stuff,  frippery,  worthless 
finery,  trifles. 

Trumpery,  a.  Worthless,  good  for  nothing,  tri- 
fling, trashy,  rubbishy,  pinchbeck. 

Trumpet,  «.     I.    Horn,  clarion,  bugle. 
2.   Celebrator,  praiser. 

Trumpet,  v.  a.  Proclaim,  publish,  announce, 
promulgate,  advertise,  blazon,  blaze  abroad, 
spread  abroad,  noise  abroad,  make  known. 

Trumpet-call,  «.  Bugle-call,  alarm,  rallying  cry, 
summons  to  arms,  rappel. 

Trumpet-fish,  «.  Snipe-fish,  bellows-fish  {Cen- 
triscus  scolopax). 

Trumpet-flower,  «.  Trumpet  honeysuckle 
{Lonicera  sempervirens). 

Trumpet-toned,  a.     Shrill,  clangorous,  high. 

Trumpet-tongued,  a.  Loud,  sonorous,  powerful, 
stentorian,  vociferous. 

Trumpet-weed,  «.  Joepye-weed  {Eupatorium 
purpureum). 

Trumpet-wood,  n.  Snake-wood  {Cecropia  pd- 
tata). 

Trump  up.  Devise,  fabricate,  collect  with  unfair- 
ness, forge. 

Truncate,  v.  a.     Lop,  maim,  lop  off,  cut  off. 

Truncheon,  «.  I.  Club,  cudgel,  short  staff,  parti- 
san. 

2.  Staff  {of  command),  wand,  baton. 

3.  Boiling,  pollard. 

Trundle,  «.     I.    Roller,  castor,  little  wheel. 

2.  Rolling  motion. 

3.  Wallower,  lantern-wheel. 

Trundle,  v.  a.     Roll,  bowl,  roll  along,  truckle. 
Trundle-bed,  «.     Truckle-bed. 


TRUNDLE-TAIL 


447 


TUMBLE 


Tnmdle-tail,  n.     Round-tail. 

Trunk,  n.     I.   Stem,  stock,  stalk,  body,  bole. 

2.  Body  {wlthoui  the  limbs). 

3.  Main  body. 

4.  Proboscis,  .snout. 

5.  Leat,  watercourse. 

6.  Box,  chest,  coffer. 

7.  (Arch.)    Shaft  of  a  column. 
Tmnk-hose,  n.     Large  breeches,  wide  breeches. 
Trunnel,  «.     Treenail,  wooden  pin. 

Truss,  n.     I.    Bundle,  pacl^age,  packet. 

2.   Bandage  {for  hernia),  support,  apparatus. 
Truss,  v.  a.     I.    Bind,  pack  close,  pack  up,   bind 
up,  put  up,  cram. 

2.  Keep  tight,  make  fast,  hold  fast. 

3.  Skewer,  hold  together,  make  fast. 

4.  Hang,  hang  up,  execute  by  hanging. 
Trass  up.     Strain,  make  tight. 

Trust,  n.  I.  Confidence,  reliance,  faith,  belief, 
credence. 

2.  Credit,  tick. 

3.  Charge,  deposit. 

4.  Commission,  errand,  duty,  charge. 

5.  Faith,  hope,  expectation,  belief,  assured 
anticipation,  confidence,  assurance. 

6«   Ground  of  reliance. 
Trust,  V.  a.     I.  Rely  on,  depend  upon,  confide  in, 
put  confidence  in,  trust  to,  place  reliance  on. 

2.  Give  credit  to,  sell  to  on  credit. 

3.  Believe,  give  credence  to,  credit. 

4.  Intrust,  commit. 

Trust,  V.  n.  I.  Expect,  hope,  be  confident,  feel 
sure. 

2.  Be  confiding,  be  credulous,  be  won  to  confi- 
dence. 

Trust,  a.     Held  in  trust. 

Trastee,  «.     Depositary,  fiduciary. 

Trustful,  a.     I.    Trusting. 

2.    F'aithful,  trusty,  trustworthy. 

Trustily,  ad.     Honestly,  faithfully,  with  fidelity. 

Trust  in.  Confide  in,  trust,  place  confidence  in, 
rely  on. 

Trustless,  a.  Unfaithful,  false,  untrustworthy,  un- 
reliable. 

Trust  to.    Depend  on,  have  confidence  in,  rely  on. 

Trustworthy,  a.  Honest,  true,  faithful,  upright, 
straightforward,  uncorrupt,  trusty,  confidential, 
reliable,  stanch. 

Trusty,  a.     I.  Trustworthy. 
2.    Strong,  firm. 

Truth,  n.     I.    Fact,  reality,  verity. 

2.  Conformity  to  fact  or  reality. 

3.  Principle,  law,  canon. 

4.  Veracity,  truthfulness. 

5.  Honesty,  sincerity,  integrity,  frankness,  in- 
genuousness, candor,  probity,  fidelity,  honor, 
virtue. 

6.  Faithfulness,  fidelity,  constancy,  loyalty, 
fealty,  faith. 

7.  Exactness,  accuracy,  nicety,  precision,  con- 
formity to  rule. 

Trathful,  a.  I.  Correct,  true,  veracious,  reliable, 
trustworthy. 

2.  Sincere,  honest,  candid,  frank,  open,  ingen- 
uous, artless,  guileless,  true,  straightforward, 
trustworthy,  trusty. 

Truthless,  a.     I.    False. 

2.  Faithless,  disingenuous,  insincere,  unfair, 
dishonest,  hollow,  hypocritical,  pharisaical,  cant- 
ing, treacherous. 

Try,  V.  a.  I.  Examine,  test,  prove,  make  experi- 
ment of,  make  trial  of,  put  to  the  test,  put  to 
proof,  prove  by  experiment. 

2.  Experience,  have  knowledge  of  (^  trial). 

3.  Attempt,  essay. 

4.  [Law.)  Hear,  examine  judicially,  adjudi- 
cate, adjudge. 


5.  Purify,  refine. 

6.  Subject  to  trial,  put  to  the  test,  sound. 
Try,  V.  n.     Attempt,  endeavor,  strive,  aim,  seek, 

make  an  effort,  make  essay,  do  one's  best,  do  all 
that  in  one  lies,  strain  every  nerve. 

Tiy,  n.     Attempt,  experiment,  trial,  act  of  trying. 

Try-cock,  «•     Gauge-cock. 

Tl^gon,  n.     Sting-ray. 

Trying:,  a.  I.  Irksome,  wearisome,  tiresome, 
fatiguing,  difficult,  hard. 

2.  Severe,  painful,  afflictive,  afflicting,  griev- 
ous, calamitous,  hard,  distressing,  sad,  dire,  de- 
plorable, hard  to  bear. 

Try  on.    Put  on. 

Tiy  out.     Melt  out. 

Tryst,  n.  \Scotch.\  Appointment  {fo  meet\  ap- 
pointed meeting,  assignation. 

Tn^Sting,  n.  Appointment,  tryst,  engagement  to 
meet 

Trysting-place,  «.  Rendezvous,  place  of  assigna- 
tion. 

Try  the  eyes.     Over-exert  them,  strain  them. 

Tuba,  n.    Sax-tuba. 

Tubher,  «.     (.Mining.')    Beele. 

Tube,  «.     Pipe,  hollow  cylinder. 

Tub-fish,  n.  Sapphirine  gurnard  (  Trigla  hirun- 
do). 

Tnbipore,  n.  Pipe  coral,  organ  coral,  organ-pipe 
coral,  tubulipore. 

Tubular,  a.  Fistular,  tube-like,  pipe-like,  cannu- 
lar. 

Tubulate,  a.  Tubular,  tubulated,  tubulous,  fistu- 
lar. 

Tuck,  n.     I,   Small  sword,  rapier,  bilbo. 

2.  Tuck-net. 

3.  Pull,  lugging. 

4.  Horizontal  fold,  jJait. 

Tuck,  V.  a.     I.   Pack,  stow,  fold  under,  press  to- 
gether. 
2.   Press  in  bed-clothes,  wrap,  infold. 

Tuckahoe,  «.  Virginian  truffle,  Indian  bread,  In- 
dian loaf. 

Tudor-Style,  «.    {Arch.)    Decorated  English. 

Tue-irons,  n.J>L     Blacksmith's  tongs. 

Tufa,  n.    Tuff,  volcanic  tufa. 

Tuff,  «.     I.   Tufa. 
2.   Tufo. 

TuffOOn,  n.     Typhoon. 

Tuft,  n.     I.    Knot,  bunch. 

2.  Cluster,  group,  clump. 

3.  Crest,  plume. 

4.  (Bot.)    Capitulum. 

Tuft-hunter,  «.  Hanger-on  (to  noblemen  and 
persons  of  quality),  sycophant,  parasite,  flatterer, 
lick-spittle,  fawner,  spaniel,  toad-eater. 

Tug,  V.  a.  Pull  (with  great  effort),  draw,  haul, 
drag. 

Tug,  v.n.     I.   Pull  hard,  pull  with  great  effort 
2.   Labor,  struggle,  strive. 

Tug,  n.     I.    Hard  pull,  great  effort. 

2.  Tow- boat. 

3.  Trace,  drawing-strap. 

Tug  of  war.  Battle,  death-struggle,  struggle  for 
life  or  death. 

Tuition,  «.  Instruction,  teaching,  education,  train- 
ing, schooling. 

Tulip-tree,  «.  White-wood  {Liliodendron  tulip, 
ifera). 

Tullian,  a      Ciceronian. 

Tumble,  V.  n.     I.   Roll,  toss,  heave,  pitch  about. 

2.  Fall,  be  precipitated,  fall  over,  roll  down, 
fall  suddenly,  topple. 

3.  Play  mountebank  tricks. 

Tumble,  V.  a.     I.    Precipitate,  throw  headlong. 

2.  Turn  over,  throw  about. 

3.  Disturb,  derange,  rumple,  put  in  dborder, 
disorder,  disarrange. 


TUMBLE 


448 


TURN 


TtiinWe,  n.    Fall. 

Tumble-down,  a.  Tottering,  ready  to  fall,  dilapi- 
dated. 

Tumbler,  «.     I.  Acrobat,  juggler,  posture-master. 
2.   Glass. 

Tumbling-bay,  «.     Overfall,  weir. 

Ttunbrel,  «.  I.  Dung-cart,  muck-cart,  rough 
cart. 

2.  Trebuchet,  castigatory,  ducking-stool,  cuck- 
ing-stool. 

Tumefaction,  «.     Tumor,  swelling,  intumescence. 

Tumefy,  v.  a.  Swell,  inflate,  distend,  puff  up, 
enlarge. 

Tumefy,  v.  «.    Swell,  puff  up. 

Tumid,  a.  I.  Swollen,  swelled,  enlarged,  dis- 
tended, puffed  up,   turgid. 

2.  Protuberant,  swelling. 

3.  Bombastic,  turgid,  swelling,  pompous,  in- 
flated, stilted,  grandiloquent,  declamatory,  rhetor- 
ical, high-flown,  puffy,  falsely  sublime,  grandiose, 
fustian,  turgent. 

Tumidity,  n.     Tumidness,  turgidity. 

Tumor,  «.     Swelling,  tumefaction. 

Tump,  «.     Hillock,  knoll,  hummock. 

Tumult,  «.  I.  Uproar,  affray,  fray,  brawl,  feud, 
row,  altercation,  squabble,  turbulence,  bluster, 
hubbub,  fracas,  quarrel,  outbreak,  strife,  general 
riot,  mUee. 

2.  Violent  commotion,  turbulence,  noisy  agr- 
tation,  confusion. 

3.  Commotion,  disturbance,  stir,  agitation, 
breeze,  confusion,  turmoil,  ferment,  huddle, 
pother,  ado,  bustle,  flurry,  noise,  fuss,  confused 
noise,  hurly-burly,  bluster,  hubbub,  racket,  noisy 
commotion,  disorder,  to-do  (colloq.). 

A.    Ferment,  state  of  high  excitement,  agitation, 
perturbation. 
Tumultuary,  a.     I.   Disorderly,  confused,  tumul- 
tuous, riotous,  promiscuous. 
2.   Restless,  agitated,  unquiet,  stormy. 
Tumultuous,    a.     I.   Uproarious,   riotous,   turbu- 
lent, tumultuary,  violent,  lawless,  seditious,  wild. 

2.  Disturbed,  agitated,  restless,  uneasy,  un- 
quiet. 

3.  Irregular,  obstreperous,  confused,  disorder- 
ly, noisy,  boisterous. 

4.  Full  of  tumult,  disorderly,  wild. 
Tumulus,  n.     Barrow,   artificial   mound,   artificial 

hillock. 
Tun,  n.     I.   Large  cask,  hogshead. 

2.  Two  pipes,  four  hogsheads,  252  gallons. 

3.  Large  quantity. 
Tun,   V.  a.     Barrel,  cask. 
Tunable,  a.     I.   That  may  be  tuned. 

2.  Harmonious,  musical,  tuneful,  melodious, 
sweet. 

Tun-bellied,  a.  Abdominous,  big-bellied,  pot- 
bellied, great-bellied,  large-bellied,  swag-bellied. 

Tune,  n.     I.   Air,  melody,  strain. 

2.  Concord,  harmony,  harmonious  accordance, 
agreement,  concert  of  parts. 

3.  Order,  harmony,  concord,  fit  disposition, 
proper  mood. 

Tune,  V.  a.  I.  Harmonize,  accord,  modulate,  at- 
tune, put  in  tune. 

2.  Put  into  order,  put  into  a  proper  state. 

3.  Attune,  adapt. 

4.  Sing. 

5.  Play  harmoniously. 

Tuneful,    a.      Musical,    harmonious,    melodious, 

dulcet. 
Tungsten,  «.     I.  Wolframium. 

2.   (Min.)     Tungstate  of  lime,  scheelite. 
Tunhoof,  «.     (Bot.)    Ground-ivy,  alehoof,  gill. 
Tunnel,  n.     I.    Funnel. 

2.  Subterranean  passage,  underground  thor- 
oughfare. 


Tunnel-Sbaped,  a.  {Bot.)  Infundibular,  infundi- 
buliform. 

Tupelo,  «.  Pepperidge,  sour  gum-tree  {Nyssa 
multifiora). 

Turbid,  a.  Roiled,  roily,  unsettled,  feculent,  mud- 
dy, thick,  cloudy,  foul. 

Turbinate,    I  ^     rp„„  .i,,„..j 

Turbinated, ) "'    Top-shaped. 

Turbulence,  «.  I.  Tumult,  uproar,  disturbance, 
turmoil,  commotion,  disorder,  confusion,  agita- 
tion, tumultuousness,  unruliness. 

2.  Riot,  sedition,  mutiny,  insurrection,  rebel- 
lion, insubordination. 

Turbulent,  a.  I.  Disturbed,  agitated,  tumultu- 
ous, wild. 

2.  Tumultuous,  disorderly,  blustering,  obstrep-. 
erous,  boisterous,  uproarious,  blatant,  brawling, 
vociferous. 

3.  Riotous,  seditious,  mutinous,  insubordinate, 
refractory,  insurgent,  rebellious,  revolutionary, 
factious,  disorderly,  wild,  violent. 

4.  Producing  commotion. 
Turdidae,  «.  //.     Thrushes. 
Tureen,  n.     Soup-dish,  terreen. 
Turf,  n.     I.   Sod,  sward,  greensward. 

2.  Peat. 

3.  Race-course,  race-ground. 

4.  Horse-racing. 
Turf-like,  a.    Turfy,  cespitose. 
Turfy,  a.    Cespitose,  turf-like. 

Turgent,  a.     I.   Swelling,  tumid,  protuberant. 
2.    Inflated,  tumid,  bombastic,  turgescent. 

Turgescence,   «.     I.   Swelling,  tumefaction,    dis- 
tention. 
2.   See  TuRGiDiTV. 

Turgid,  a.  I.  Swelled,  swollen,  bloated,  distended, 
puffed  up. 

2.  Pompous,  bombastic,  tumid,  puffy,  inflated, 
stilted,  grandiloquent,  declamatory,  rhetorical, 
ostentatious,  turgent,  grandiose,  fustian,  high- 
flown. 

Turgidity,  «.  I.  Swelling,  distention,  turges- 
cence, turgidness; 

2.  Bombast,  inflation,  turgidness,  grandilo- 
quence, pompous  style. 

Turgidness,  «.     See  Turgidity. 

Turk, «.     Ottoman,  Mahometan. 

Turkey-cock,  n.     Gobbler  {collog.). 

Turkey-Stone,  «.  Novaculite,  Turkey  oil-stone, 
oil-stone,  whetstone,  hone. 

Turkish,  a.    Ottoman,  of  the  Turks. 

Turkish  bath.  Sudatory,  sweating-bath,  vapor 
bath. 

Turkishness, «.    Turcism. 

TurkO,  n.     Zouave. 

Turkois,  «•     Turcois,  turquoise. 

Turk's-cap,  «.  Melon-thistle,  turk's-head  {Melo- 
cactus  communis). 

Turl-pin,  n.     Beghard,  Picard,  Lollard. 

Turmaline,  «.     Tourmaline. 

Turmeric  paper.     Curcuma  paper. 

Turmoil,  «.  Tumult,  agitation,  disturbance,  dis- 
order, turbulence,  confusion,  commotion,  uproar, 
bustle,  huddle,  hurly-burly,  trouble,  harassing 
labor. 

Turn,  V.  a.  I.  Revolve,  move  round,  turn  round, 
make  go  round. 

2.  Cause  to  deviate,  cast,  deflect,  inflect,  bend, 
incline  differently,  change  the  direction  of. 

3.  Divert,  transfer,  use,  employ. 

4.  Reverse  the  position  of,  turn  over. 

5.  Shape  {as  in  a  lathe).)  form,  mould, 
fashion. 

6.  Adapt,  fit,  suit. 

7.  Change,  alter,  transmute,  metamorphose, 
transform,  convert. 

8.  Change  opinion,  alter  belief^ 


TURN 


449 


TUT 


9.  Translate,  construe,  render. 

10.  Direct,  apply. 

11.  Direct  the  look  to,  change  position. 

12.  Transfer. 

13.  Revolve,  agitate. 

14.  Reverse,  repeal. 

15.  Acidify,  make  sour,  make  acid. 

Turn,  V.  n.  I.  Revolve,  whirl,  turn  round,  have 
a  circular  motion,  wheel  round. 

2.  Be  directed,  have  direction. 

3.  Deviate,  incline,  bend,  be  deflected. 

4.  Be  changed,  be  transformed,  be  converted, 
be  altered,  become  transmuted. 

5.  Grow,  become. 

6.  Become  sour,  become  acid. 

7.  Depend,  hinge,  pivot,  hang,  be  dependent. 

8.  Result,  terminate,  come  about,  eventuate, 
issue. 

9.  Become  giddy,  grow  dizzy. 

Tnni»  «.  I.  Revolution,  movement  about  a  cen- 
tre, act  of  turning,  rotation,  gyration,  round. 

2.  Change  of  direction,  alteration  of  course, 
new  tendency,  deviation,  deflection,  flexion,  flex- 
ure, bend,  bending,  sweep,  winding,  twist,  turn- 
ing- .       . 

3.  Change,  alteration,  vicissitude,  variation. 

4.  Winding,  bend,  brief  walk,  short  excur- 
sion. 

^  5.   Successive  course,  due  chance,  appropriate 
time. 

6.  Opportune  deed,  occasional  kindness,  act, 
action,  deed,  office. 

7.  Convenience,  occasion,  purpose,  exigence. 

8.  Form,  cast,  shape,  manner,  fashion,  phase, 
guise. 

9.  Form  of  expression,  mode  of  signifying. 
10.   Aptitude,  talent,  bias,  proclivity,  gift,  gen- 
ius, propensity,  proneness. 

Tom  about.     Move  the  face  to  another  quarter. 

Turn  a  comer.     Go  round  a  corner. 

Turn  a  deaf  ear  to.  Disregard,  decline  to  hear, 
take  no  notice  of,  pay  no  attention  to,  pay  no  re- 
gard to. 

Turn  adrift.  Turn  away,  cast  off,  turn  out,  eject, 
discard,  get  rid  of. 

Turn  aside.    Avert,  turn  away,  turn  oflF. 

Turn  away.     {Active.)     I.   Avert,  turn  aside. 
2.   T)\%m\%%  {front  service),   discard,   cashier, 
turn  off. 

Turn  away.    {Neuter.)    I.   Deviate,  forsake. 
2.   Go,  depart,  remove. 

Turn  back.    Turn  round,  go  back,  return. 

Turncoat,  n.  Apostate,  renegade,  backslider,  de- 
serter. 

Turn  down.     Fold  down,  double  down. 

Tumep,  n.     Turnip. 

Turner,  «.     Gymnast. 

Turn  in.     {Active)     Fold  in,  double  in. 

Turn  in.    {Neuter.)    I.   Bend  inward. 

2.  Enter,  go  in. 

3.  {Colloq.)     Retire,  go  to  bed. 

Turning,  «.  I.  Winding,  bending  course,  flex- 
ure, meander. 

2.  Deviation  from  the  way. 

3.  Turnery. 

Turning-point,  «.     Crisis,  decisive  moment. 
Turn  in  the  mind.     Revolve,  ponder,   meditate 

upon. 
Turn  off.     {Active'.)     I.    Dismiss,  discard,  turn 

away. 

2.  Deflect,  divert. 

3.  Accomplish,  perform,  execute,  do. 

4.  Give  over,  resign. 

Turn  off.     {Neuter.)     Be  diverted,  deviate  from 

a  course. 
Tom  on.     I.   Reply,  retort. 
2.  Depend  on. 


Turn  one's  brain.     Make  insane,  make  lunatic. 

Turn  one's  coat.  Change  sides,  go  to  the  oppo- 
site party. 

Turn  one's  money.  )     Exchange  in  the  course  of 

Turn  one's  goods.    >         trade,  keep  in  circulation, 

Turn  a  penny.  )         gain  or  increase  in  trade. 

Turn  one's  stomach.     Nauseate,  sicken. 

Turn  on  one's  heel.  Turn  away  from,  leave,  part 
company. 

Turn  out.  {Active.)  I.  Expel,  drive  out,  turn 
adrift. 

2.  Put  to  pasture,  put  out  to  pasture. 

3.  Produce,  furnish,   manufacture,   make,  ac- 
complish, do. 

Turn  out.    {Neuter.)    I.   Bend  outward,  project. 

2.  Issue,  result,  prove,  eventuate. 

3.  Get  up,  rise  from  bed. 
Turn-out,  «.     I.    Strike. 

2.  Siding,  short  side-track  {on  a  railway), 
shunt. 

3.  Equipage. 

Turn-over,  «.     I.  Overtuni,  act  of  upsetting. 

2.   Semicircular  pie. 
Turnover.     {Active.)    I.  Turn,  reverse  the  po- 
sition of,  roll  over. 

2.  Transfer,  hand  over. 

3.  Open  and  examine  pa|je  by  page. 

4.  Overset,  overturn. 

Turn  over.  {Neuter.)  Roll  over,  tumble,  turn 
from  side  to  side. 

Turn-plate,  «.    Tum-table. 

Turn  round.     Revolve,  whirl,  turn. 

Turn-screw,  «.     Screw-driver. 

Turnsole,  «.     I.   Heliotrope. 
2.    Litmus. 

Turn-table,  n.    Tum-plate. 

Turn  tail.  {Colloq.)  Flee,  run  away,  make  off, 
cut  and  run,  retreat  ignominiously. 

Turn  the  back.     Flee,  retreat. 

Turn  the  back  upon.  Leave  with  contempt,  re- 
fuse unceremoniously. 

iSSttldic;.!      Chang,  f„«„„.. 

Turn  the  edge  of.  Make  dull,  make  blunt,  de- 
prive of  sharpness. 

Turn  the  head.  Infatuate,  make  giddy,  make  in- 
sane, make  wild,  overthrow  the  judgment  of. 

Turn  the  scale.  Change  the  preponderance,  give 
success,  give  superiority. 

Turn  the  tables.  Reverse  positions,  reverse  cir- 
cumstances. 

Turn  to.     Have  recourse  to,  refer  to. 

Turn  to  account.  Utilize,  take  advantage  of,  make 
use  of. 

Turn  to  profit.  )     Make  profitable,  make  ad- 

Tum  to  advantage. )       vantageous. 

Turn  topsy-turvy.     Upset,  disorder,  confuse. 
Turn  under.     Bend  downward. 
Turn  up.     I.   Bend  upward 

2.  Occur,  happen,  come  to  pass. 

3.  Come  to  light,  transpire. 
Turn  upon.     Retort,  throw  back. 
Ttirpitude,  «.     Baseness,  depravity,  wickedness, 

vileness. 
Turquoise,  ».  [Written  also  Turcois  TXiA.  Turkois.] 

Calaite. 
Turret,  «.     Minaret,  pinnacle,  small  tower. 
Turtle,  n.     I.   Turtle-dove,  turtle-pigeon. 

2.    .Sea-tortoise,  marine  tortoise. 
Turtle-dove,  «.     Turtle  ( Columba  turtur\ 
Tuitle-Shell,  «.     Tortoise-shell. 
Tush,  interj.     Pshaw. 
Tush,  «.    See  Tt;sK. 
Tusk,  «.    Tush,  fang,  pointed  tooth. 
Tussle,  n.     Scuffle,  struggle,  conflict. 
Tussle,  V.  n.     Scuffle,  struggle,  contend,  wrestle. 
Tut,  interj.     Stop,  be  still,  hush. 


TUTELAGE 


450 


TYPOGRAPHY 


Tutelage,  «.     Protection,  guardianship,  tutorship. 

TutelMy,  1  **■     P'^o^ec^^"e«  guardian,  guarding. 

Tutelary  saint.     Patron,  good  genius,  guardian. 

Tutor,  «.     I.   (Law.)     Guardian. 

2.     Teacher,    instructor,     master,    preceptor, 
school-master. 

Tutor,  V.  a.     I.    Teach,  instruct. 

2.   DiscipHne,  train,  bring  under  control,  treat 
with  authority. 

Tutoress,  «.     Instructress,  governante,  governess. 

TutorsMp,  n.     See  Iutelage. 

Twaddle,  «.  Prate,  prattle,  chatter,  tattle,  twat- 
tle,  gabble,  gossip,  balderdash,  moonshine,  non- 
sense, jargon,  flummery,  rigmarole,  stuff,  plati- 
tude, wish-wash,  senseless  talk,  idle  talk,  frothy 
discourse,  twaddling,  twaddy. 

Twaddle,  v.  «.  Prate,  prattle,  maunder,  twattle, 
gabble,  chatter. 

Twain,  «.     \_Nenrly  obsolete.'}     Two. 

Twang,  «.     I.   Nasal  tone. 

2.   Harsh,  quick  sound  ;  vibrating  sound. 

Twang,  V.  a.     Twank,  twangle. 

Twattle,  n.     See  Twaddle. 

Tweak,  V.  a.     Twitch,  twinge,  pinch,  pull  rudely. 

Tweedle,  v.  a.  Allure  {by  some  slight  influence 
as  by  fiddling),  coax,  entice,  drib,  decoy,  toll, 
troll,  lure,  lead,  draw  over,  bring  over,  prevail 
upon- 

Tweezers,  «.  //.     Nippers,  pincers. 

Twelfth-day,  «.  Twelfth-tide,  Epiphany,  Janu- 
ary 6. 

Twelve,  a.    Dozen. 

Twelvemonth.,  n.    Year. 

Twelve-pence,  «.     Shilling  sterling. 

Twice,  ad.     Two  times. 

Twid(Ue,  V.  a.     Play  with,  touch  lightly,  tweedle, 

twirl  with  the  fingers. 
Twi?,  n.     Shoot,  si^rig,  spray,  branch. 
Twilight,  n.     I.    Crepuscular  light. 

2.    Dim  light,  faint  light. 
Twilight,  a.     Obscure,  dim,  shaded 
Twilly,  n.    Willowing-machine,  twilly-devil,  willy, 

willying-machine. 
Twin,  a.     {Bot.)    Doubled,  geminate,  in  pairs. 
Twine,  v.  a.     I.    Twist  together. 

2.    Encircle,  surround,  embrace,  entwine,  wind 

about,  wind  around,  wreathe. 
Twine,  v.  n.     I.   Unite  closely. 

2.  Wind,  bend,  make  turns,  meander. 

3.  Twist,  ascend  in  spiral  lines. 
Twine,  n.    I.    Twist,  convolution. 

2.  Winding,  twining,  embrace. 

3.  Cord,  string,  small  cordage. 

Twinge,  v.  a.     Tweak,  twitch,  pinch,  pull  rudely. 
Twinge,  «.     I.   Pinch,  tweak,  twitch. 

2.  Gripe,  pang,  sharp  pain. 
Twinkle,  v.  n.     I.    Blink,  wink. 

2.   Sparkle,  flash. 
Twinkle, «    I.  Wink. 
2.   See  Twinkling. 
Twinkling,  «.     I.   Flashing,  sparkling,  twinkle. 
2.    Instant,  moment,  second,  jiffy,  trice,  flash, 
twinkling  of  an  eye,  time  of  a  wmk. 
Twinkling  of  an  eye.     See  Twinkling. 
Twin-leaf,    «.      Rheumatism-root    {Jeffersonia 

diphylla). 
Twinling,  «.     Twin  lamb. 
Twinned,  a.     I.   Twin,  born  at  the  same  birth. 

2.    Paired. 
Twins,   «.  pi.     {Astron.)    [With    The  prefixed.] 

Gemini. 
Twirl,  V.  a.     Whirl,  revolve,  turn   rapidly,  turn 

round. 
Twirl,   n.     I.    Whirling,   circular  motion,  quick 
rotation. 
2.   Convolution,  twist. 


Twist,  V.  a.     I.  Twine,  twist  together. 

2.  Writhe,  contort,  complicate,  convolve,  crook 
spirally. 

3.  Wind,  wreathe,  encircle. 

4.  Form,  weave,  make  up. 

5.  \.Usedreflextvely.]     Wind  in,  insinuate. 
Twist,    n.       Convolution,     writhing,     contortion, 

winding,  flexure,  kink,  bending,  bight,  coil. 

Twit,  V.  a.  Reproach,  blame,  upbraid,  taunt, 
fling  at. 

Twitch,  V.  a.  Pull  suddenly,  snatch,  jerk,  yerk, 
pluck. 

Twitch,  «.     I.   Jerk,  quick  pull. 

2.  Spasm,  twitching,  sudden  contraction  {as  o/ 
the  muscles). 

Twitch-grass,  «,  Couch-grass,  dog's-grass,  dog- 
wheat,  wheat-grass,  quitch-grass,  knot-grass 
( Triticum.  repens). 

Twitching,  n.     Spasm,  twitch. 

Twite,  «.     Tree-sparrow  {Fringilla  montana). 

Twitter,  v.  n.     I.    Chirp,  chirrup. 

2.    Flutter,  be  agitated,  be  flurried,  be  excited. 
_3.   Titter,  giggle. 

Twitter,  «.  I.  Twittering,  chirping,  chirp,  chir- 
ruping. 

2.  Trembling,  agitation,  tremor,  flutter. 

3.  Titter,  giggle,  half-suppressed  laugh. 
Twit  with.     Reproach  for,  cast  in  the  teeth,  fling 

at. 

Two,  «.     I.    Sum  of  two  units. 
2.    Pair,  couple,  brace. 

Two-capsuled,  a.    {Bot.)    Bicapsular. 

Two-cleft,  a.     {Bot.)     Bifid. 

Twofold,  a.     Double,  duplicate. 

Two-forked,  a.     Dichotomous. 

Two-lipped,  a.     {Bot.)     Bilabiate. 

Two-parted,  a.     Bipartite. 

Two-ply,  a.     Double. 

Two-ranked,  a.     {Bot.)    Distichous. 

Two-seeded,  a.     {Bot.)     Dispermous, 

Two-tongued,  a.     Double-tongued,  deceitful. 

Two-valved,  a.     Bivalve,  bi valvular. 

Tycoon,  «.     Emperor  of  Japan. 

T5^e,  V.  a.     See  Tie. 

Tye,  «.     See  Tie. 

Tyke,  «.   [Written  also  Ttke.1  I.  Dog,  cur,  puppy. 
2.    Contemptible  fellow,  cur,  puppy. 

T3mipan,  «.     {Arch.)     Panel,  tympanum. 

Tympanites,  «.     {Med.)    See  Tympany. 

Tympanum,  «.     Drum  {o/the  ear). 

Tympany,  «.  I.  {Med.)  Tympanites,  drum- 
belly,  wind-dropsy. 

2.   Inflation,  conceit,  bombast,  tumidity,   tur- 
gidness. 

Tyny,  a.    See  Tiny. 

Typal,  a.     Typical. 

TyVQt  «•  !•  Stamp,  impressed  sign,  emblem, 
mark. 

2.  Emblem,   symbol,    sign,    token,    shadow, 
image,  representation,  adumbration. 

3.  Original,  model,  pattern,  prototype,  arche- 
type, exemplar,  protoplast. 

4.  Stamp,  form,  kind,  sort. 

5.  Printing  character. 

6.  Representative,  aggregate  of  characteristic 
qualities. 

Typhoid,  <z.    {Med.)    Resembling  typhus,  typhous. 

Typhoon,   «.     I.   Tornado   in   the   Chinese  seas, 
tuffoon. 
2.   Simoom. 

Typhous,  a.     {Med.)    Typhoid. 

Typical,  _  a.  Figurative,  emblematical,  emble- 
matic, indicative,   representative. 

Typify,  v.  a.  Figure,  indicate,  betoken,  denote, 
represent,  stand  for,   shadow  forth. 

Typographer, «.    Printer. 
T^'TOgraphy,  «.    Art  of  printing,  printing. 


TYRANNIC 


451 


UNAIDED 


Xyraanic,     )a.     I.  Despotic,  arbitrary,  imperi- 

TyranaiGSl,  i  ous,  domineering,  high,  absolute, 
irresponsible,  bound  by  no  law. 

2.   Cruel,  severe,  oppressive,  grinding,  galling, 
inhuman. 

T^annize,  v.  «.  Domineer,  act  the  tyrant,  be 
despotic,  exercise  arbitrary  power,  lord  it,  rule 
with  a  rod  of  iron,  carry  matters  with  a  high 
hand. 

Tyranny,  «.  I.  Despotism,  absolutism,  dictator- 
ship, arbitrary  power,  despotic  rule,  autocracy. 


2.   Oppression,  iron  rule,  reign  of  terror,  cruel 
govenmient. 
Tyrant,  «.     I.    Despot,  absolute  ruler,  autocrat. 

2.  Oppressor,  cruel  master. 

3.  {Ornith.)  Tyrant-shrike,  tyrant  fly-catcher. 
Tyro,  n.   [Written  also  Tiro.}     I.   Beginner,  nov- 
ice, learner,  neophyte. 

2.   Sciolist,  smatterer,  dabbler,  half-scholar. 
Tythe,  «.     See  Tithe. 
Tzar.  H.     Emperor  of  Russia,  czar. 
TzarilUlf  n-    Empress  of  Russia,  czarina,  tzaritza. 


u 


Ubiqnltary,  a.    See  Ubiquitous. 

TTbiquitOUS,  a.  Omnipresent,  ubiquitary,  univer- 
sally present. 

Ubiqui^,  «.     Omnipresence,  universal  presence. 

Udder,  «.     I.    Bag  {o/a  cow,  eic). 
2.   Teat,  dug,  nipple,  pap. 

Udometer,  «.  Rain-gauge,  pluviameter,  ombrom- 
eter. 

Ugh,  inter j.     Faugh,  foh. 

Ugliness,  «.  I.  Want  of  beautv,  homeliness,  un- 
comeliness,   plainness,  unsightliness,  deformity. 

2.  Turpitude,  depravity,  loathsomeness,  wick- 
edness, enormity. 

3.  Ill-nature,   crossness,    ill-temper,    vicious- 
ness,  bad  temper,  spitefulness. 

Ugly,  a.  I.  Unsightly,  plain,  homely,  ordinary, 
ill-looking,  ill-favored,  unprepossessing,  uncome- 
ly, unlovely. 

2.  Frightful,  horrible,  hideous,  horrid,  shock- 
ing, terrible,  grewsome,  loathsome,  monstrous. 

3.  Cross,  ill-tempered,  cross-grained,  spiteful, 
vicious,  bad-tempered. 

Ulcer,  n.  Sore  (discharging pus)^  fester,  impost- 
hume,  gathering,  boil,  pustule. 

Ulcerate,  v.  n.  Fester,  suppurate,  turn  to  an 
ulcer. 

Ulceration,  «.    I.  Formation  of  an  ulcer. 
2.  Ulcer. 

Ulex,  n.    (Boi.)    Furze,  gorse,  whin. 

Ulmos,  «.     (Bot.)     Elm. 

Ulterior,  a.     I.    Beyond,  on  the  farther  side. 
2.    Farther,  remoter,  more  distant. 

Ultima,  a.    [L.]    Most  remote,  farthest,  final,  last. 

Ultima,  «.     Last  syllable. 

Ultima  ratio.  [L.]  The  last  argument,  last  rea- 
son, last  resort. 

Ultima  ratio  regnm.  [L.]  War,  the  last  argu- 
ment  of  kings. 

Ultimate,  a.     I.    Last,  final,  farthest,   extreme, 
eventual,  most  remote. 
2.  Constituent,  incapable  of  further  analysis. 

Ultimate,  v.  a.  and  V.  n.    I.  Eventuate,  end,  termi- 
nate, issue,  conclude. 
2.   Bring  into  use,  carry  into  practice. 

Ultimately,  ad.     Finally,  at  last,  in  the  end. 

Ultima  Tnule.     [L.]     Farthest  limit. 

Ultimatum,  n.  Final  condition,  final  proposition, 
last  offer. 

Ultimo.     In  or  of  last  month. 

Ultra,  <i.     I.    Beyond. 
2.   Extreme,  radical. 

Ultra,  n.     Ultraist,  extremist,  radical.^ 

Ultraism,  n.     Extreme  views,  radicalitm. 

Ultraist,  n.     Extremist,  ultra,  radical. 

Ultramarine,  a.     Beyond  the  sea,  foreign. 

Ultramarine,  «.    Saunders-blue. 

Ultramontane,  a.  Tramontane,  beyond  the  moun- 
tains or  the  Alps. 


Ultramundane,  a.  Beyond  the  world,  beyond  the 
limits  of  our  world  or  system. 

Ululatlon,  «.     Howl,  howling,  wailing,  cry,  crying. 

Umbilical  cord.     Navel-string. 

Umbra, «.    [L.]    Shade. 

Umbrage,  «.     I.   Shade,  shadow. 

2.   Offence,   resentment,  suspicion   of   injury, 
pique,  grudge. 

Umbrageous,    a.    I.   Shading,    shady,    affording 
shade. 
2.    Shady,  dark,  shadowy,  shaded. 

Umpirage,  «.     I.   Umpireship. 

2.   Arbitration,  arbitrament,  intervention. 

Umpire,  «.    Arbitrator,  arbiter,  referee,  judge. 

UmquWle,  «.  [Scotch.'}    Former,  late,  quondam. 

Umqubile,  ad.  [Scotch.]  Formerly,  some  time 
ago. 

Unabashed,  a.  Undaunted,  bold,  undismayed, 
unflinching,  unshrinking. 

Unabated,  a.     Undiminished. 

Unable,  a.  Incapable,  incompetent,  impotent, 
powerless. 

Unacceptable,  a.  Unpleasant,  disagreeable,  dis- 
pleasing, offensive,  unwelcome. 

Unaccommodating,  a.  Disobliging,  ungracious, 
unfriendly. 

Unaccompanied,  a.     Unattended,  alone. 

Unaccomplished,  a.     I.   Unfinished,   incomplete, 

unexecuted,  unperformed,  undone,  unachieved. 

2.   Uncultivated,  ill-educated,  unpolished. 

Unaccountable,  «.     I.   Strange,  inexf)Iicable,  mys- 
terious, incomprehensible,  unintelligible. 
2.    Irresponsible. 

Unaccredited,  a.     Unauthorized. 

Unaccustomed,  rt.    I.  Unused. 
2.   New,  unfamiliar. 

Unachieved,  a.    See  Unaccomplished. 

Unacknowledged,  a.     I.  Ignored,  unrecognized, 
unavowed. 
2.   Unrequited. 

Unacquaintance, «.    Ignorance. 

Unadapted,  «.     Unsuited,  unfit. 

Unadorned,  a.  Simple,  plain,  unomamented,  un* 
embellished. 

Unadulterated,  a.  Unmixed,  genuine,  pure, 
real,  true. 

Unadvisable,  a.  Inexpedient,  improper,  unfit, 
unsuitable,  objectionable,  inappropriate,  unde- 
sirable. 

Unadvised,  a.  Imprudent,  indiscreet,  incon- 
siderate, rash,  thoughtless. 

Unaffected,  «.  I.  Simple,  plain,  natural,  artless, 
honest,  naive,  sincere,  real,  genuine,  unfeigned. 

2.  Simple,   plain,  natural,   chaste,   pure,    un- 
adorned. 

3.  Unmoved,  untouched,  insensible,  unstirred. 
Unaided,    a.      Unassisted,    unsupported,    single- 
handed,  alone. 


UNALLOYED 


452 


UNCANNY 


Unalloyedr  a.  Pure,  unmixed,  genuine,  unadul- 
terated. 

Unalterable,  a.  Unchangeable,  immutable,  sta- 
ble. 

Unambiguous,  a.  Plain,  clear,  explicit,  certain, 
unequivocal,  perspicuous,  intelligible,  distinct, 
unmistakable. 

Unamiable,  a.  Unkind,  ungracious,  ill-natured, 
unlovely. 

Unanimity,  «.  Agreement,  harmony,  accord, 
unison,  unity,  concert,  union,  unanimousness. 

Unanimous,  a.  Concordant,  agreeing,  united,  har- 
monious, like-minded,  of  one  mind. 

Unanswerable,  a.  Irrefutable,  irrefragable,  in- 
controvertible, unquestionable,  incontestable,  un- 
confutable, irresistible,  conclusive. 

Unanticipated,  a.  Unexpected,  sudden,  abrupt, 
unthought  of,  unlooked  for,  unforeseen,  unhoped 
for. 

Unapl>alled,  a.  Undismayed,  unawed,  undaunted, 
unscared,  fearless,  intrepid,  daring,  bold,  unflinch- 
ing, resolute. 

Unappeasable,   a.     I.    Insatiable,    insatiate,    that 
cannot  be  appeased,  inextinguishable. 
2.    Irreconcilable,  implacable. 

Unappreciated,  a.     Unvalued,  unprized. 

Unapprised,  a.  Uninformed,  ignorant,  unac- 
quainted,  unaware. 

Unapproachable,  a.     Inaccessible. 

Unapt,  a.  I.  Inappropriate,  unsuitable,  unfit, 
inapposite,  inapplicable,  irrelevant. 

2.    Unqualified,   incompetent,  inapt,   ill-quali- 
fied, dull,  unskilful. 

Unarmed,  a.  Defenceless,  naked,  unprotected, 
unguarded. 

Unassailable,  a.  Impregnable,  inexpugnable,  se- 
cure from  assault,  not  to  be  taken  by  assault  or 
by  storm,  tenable  against  all  odds,  unassaultable. 

Unassisted,  a.     See  Unaided. 

Unassorted,  a.  Promiscuous,  confused,  mingled, 
mixed,  indiscriminate,  miscellaneous. 

Unassuming:,  a.  Modest,  humble,  unpretending, 
unpretentious,  unobtrusive,  unostentatious. 

Unatonable,  a.  Inexpiable,  unpardonable,  in- 
excusable, irremissible,  that  admits  of  no  satis- 
faction. 

Unattainable,  a.  Unobtainable,  out  of  reach,  in- 
accessible. 

Unattempted,  a.     Untried,  unproved. 

Unattended,  a.     Unaccompanied,  alone. 

Unattended  to.  Neglected,  unheeded,  unre- 
garded. 

Unattractive,  a.  Unalluring,  uninviting,  undesir- 
able, uninteresting,  without  charm. 

Unauthentic,  a.  Spurious,  counterfeit,  suppositi- 
tious, false,  sham,  pretended,  feigned,  fictitious, 
make-believe,  uncanonical. 

Unauthorized,  a.  Unwarranted,  unjustified,  un- 
due, unlicensed,  unlawful,  lawless. 

Unavailing:,  a.  Ineffectual,  fruitless,  useless,  boot- 
less, abortive,  vain,  futile,  inept,  nugatory,  to  no 
purpose,  inutile,  of  no  avail,  thrown  away,  un- 
successful. 

Una  voce.  [L  ]  Unanimously,  with  one  voice, 
without  dissent. 

Unavoidable,  a.  Inevitable,  necessary,  that  must 
be  suffered. 

Unavowed,  a.     Unacknowledged. 

Unaware,  a.  Inattentive,  heediess,  unconscious, 
ignorant,  insensible. 

Unawares,  ad.  Unexpectedly,  suddenly,  abrupt- 
Iv,  without  warning. 

Unbalanced,  a.     I.    Not  poised,  not  balanced. 

2.  Unadjusted  (ajacrowwjfj),  unsettled. 

3.  Unsteady,  unsound,  not  sane. 
TTnbar,  v.  a.     Unfasten,  open,  unclose,  unbolt. 
Unbearable,  a.    intolerable,    insufferable,    unen- 


durable, insupportable,  that  cannot  be  borne  or 
endured. 

Unbecoming,  a.  Indecorous,  unsuitable,  improp- 
er, indecent,  unseemly,  inappropriate,  unfit,  un- 
befitting. 

UnbegOtten,  a.     Eternal,  self-existent. 

Unbelief,  «.  I.  incredulity,  distrust,  want  of 
belief,  doubt. 

2.    Scepticism,  infidelity,  disbelief,  free-think- 
ing, refusal  to  believe. 

Unbeliever,  «.    I.   Doubter,  incredulous  person. 
2.   Sceptic,    infidel,    disbeliever,    deist,    free- 
thinker. 

Unbend,  ».  a.     I.    Straighten,  make  straight. 

2.  Relax,  slacken,  remit,  recreate,  take  recre- 
ation, be  diverted,  be  amused. 

3.  {Naut.)    Unfasten,  untie. 

4.  {Naut.)    Cast  loose,  untie. 
Unbending,  a.      I.    Inflexible,    unyielding,    stiff, 

rigid,  unpliant. 

2.    Unyielding,  resolute,  rigid,  inflexible,  firm, 
obstinate,  stubborn. 

Unbenign,^  a.     Malien,  malignant. 

Unbeseeming,  a.     Unbecoming. 

Unbiassed,  a.  Unprejudiced,  impartial,  disinter- 
ested, neutral,  indiflferent,  unwarped. 

Unbidden,  a.     I.    Unordered,  uncommanded. 

2.  Spontaneous. 

3.  Uninvited,  unasked,  unsolicited,  unsought. 
Unbind,  v.  a.     I,    Untie,  unloose,  loose,  unfasten, 

undo. 

2.   Unchain,  set  free,  set  at  liberty,   unfetter, 
release,  unshackle. 

Unblamable,  a.  Blameless,  inculpable,  irreprov- 
able,  irreprehensible,  faultless,  unexceptionable, 
irreproachable,  guiltless,  innocent. 

Unblemished,  a.  Pure,  spotless,  stainless,  sin- 
less, guileless,  innocent,  faultless,  impeccable, 
unspotted,  immaculate,  unsullied,  undefiled,  un- 
tarnished, without  a  stain. 

Unblessed,  a.     Unhappy,  wretched,  accursed. 

Unblushing,  a.  Bold-faced,  impudent,  shameless, 
brazen-faced,  brazen-browed. 

Unbolt,  V.  a.     Unbar,  undo,  unfasten,  unlock. 

Unborn,  <z.     Future,  to  be  born,  still  to  appear. 

Unborrowed,  a.     Native,  original,  genuine. 

Unbosom,  v.  a.  Reveal,  disclose,  open,  divulge, 
unfold,  communicate,  lay  bare. 

UnbOUght,  a.     I.    Unpurchased. 
2.    Unpaid,  gratuitous. 

Unbound,  a.     I.    Untied,  unfastened,  loose. 

2.  Without  a  cover  {as  a  book). 

3.  Untrammelled,  uncontrolled,  unrestrained, 
unchecked,   unconfined.  unrestricted,  free. 

Unbounded,  a.  I.  Infinite,  interminable,  unlim- 
ited, boundless,  immeasurable,  vast,  endless,  im- 
mense, measureless,  illimitable. 

2.   Unrestrained,  uncontrolled,  unbridled,  im- 
moderate. 

Unbowel,  v-  a.  Exenterate,  eviscerate,  disem- 
bowel. 

Unbrace,  v.  a.     I.   Loosen,  remit. 

2.   Relax,  enervate,  enfeeble,  weaken,  debili- 
tate, prostrate. 

Unbridled,  a.  Unrestrained,  licentious,  lax,  vio- 
lent, uncontrolled,  ungovernable. 

Unbroken,  a-     I.    Round,  full,  complete,  entire. 

2.  Sound,  profound,   undisturbed,  fast,   unin- 
terruptedj  continuous. 

3.  Inviolate,  unbetrayed,  unviolated. 
Unbuckle,  v.  a.     Unfasten,  loose,  unloose. 
Unburden,  v.  a.     Relieve,  unload,  rid  of  a  load. 
Unbury,  v.  a.     Disinter,   disentomb,   dig  up,   ex- 
hume, uncharnel._ 

Uncandid,  a.     Disingenuous,  unfair,  insincere. 
Uncanny,  «.     [Scotch.]     Unpropitious,  unsafe,  in- 
opportune, out  of  the  way,  bad. 


UNCANONICAL 


453 


UNCONSCIONABLE 


Uncanonical,  a.  Unauthentic,  legendary,  apocry- 
phal, of  doubtful  authority. 

Uncared  for.  Neglected,  unattended  to,  unpro- 
vided for,  unheeded. 

Uncautious,  a.  Incautious,  indiscreet,  unwary, 
heedless. 

Unceasing,  a.  Incessant,  constant,  continual,  per- 
petual, uninterrupted,  uuremiiiing,  unintermit- 
ting,  unending. 

Unceremonious,  a.     I.   Ungracious,  blunt,   bluff, 
rough,  plain,  homely,  rude,  coarse. 
2.    Informal,  familiar,  unconstrained. 

Uncertain,  a.  I.  Equivocal,  doubtful,  dubious, 
unsettled,  indistinct,  ambiguous,  indefinite,  ques- 
tionable. 

2.  Unreliable,  -insecure,  precarious,  problem- 
atical. 

3.  Not  sure,  not  confident,  doubtful,  du- 
bious. 

4.  Irregular,  unpunctual,  capricious,  desultory, 
fitful,  variable,  changeable,  mutable,  slippery, 
shaky,  unsettled. 

Uncertainty,  «.  I.  Doubt,  dubiousness,  incerti- 
tude, doubtfulness,  ambiguity,  obscurity,  vague- 
ness. 

2.  Contingency. 

3.  Doubtfulness,  dubiousness,  doubt. 

4.  Irregularity,  variableness,  changeableness, 
capnqiousuess. 

Uncnain,  v.  a.  Unbind,  unshackle,  set  free,  lib- 
erate, set  at  liberty. 

Unchallenged,  a.  Undisputed,  uncontradicted, 
unquestioned,  uncontroverted. 

Unchangeable,  a.  Changeless,  immutable,  unal- 
terable, invariable. 

Unchanged,  a.     Unaltered,  unvaried. 

Unchanging,  a.     Unvarying. 

Uncharitable,  a.  Harsh,  censorious,  unkind,  il- 
liberal, severe. 

Unchaste,  a.  Dissolute,  libidinous,  lascivious, 
licentious,  lecherous,  uicoutiDeut,.  loose,  lewd, 
wanton,  obscene. 

Unchastity,  n.  Dissoluteness,  libidinousness, 
incontinence,  lewdness,   wantonness,   lechery. 

Unchecked,  a.  Unrestrained,  unhampered,  un- 
trammelled, unobstructed,  unhindered,  unpre- 
vented,  uncurbed. 

Unchristian,  a.     I.   Infidel,  unchristianized. 

2.  Irreligious,  unholy,  ungodly,  unchristian- 
like,  unkind,  uncharitable,  unrighteous,  evil, 
wicked,  sinful,  unbecoming  a  Christian. 

Uncircomspect,  a.  Imprudent,  unguarded,  un- 
wary, inconsiderate,  careless,  heedless,  thought- 
less, headlong,  reckles.s,  indiscreet,  incautious, 
giddy,  flighty,  unsteady,  wild,  giddy-brained, 
hare-brained. 

Uncivil,  a.  Rude,  impolite,  uncourteous,  dis- 
courteous, unmannerly,  ungentle,  unmannered, 
ungracious,  disrespectful,  rouch,  irreverent, 
blunt,  gruff,  bearish,  ill-mannered,  ill-bred,  un- 
seemly, uncouth,  boorish,  clownish,  churlish, 
uncomplaisant,  brusk  or  brusque. 

Uncivilized,  a.     Rude,  barbarous,  savage. 

Unclayed  sugar.     Muscovado. 

Unclean,  a.  I.  Foul,  dirty,  filthy,  nasty,  un- 
cleanly. 

2.  {Jewish  Law.)  Ceremonially  impure, 
needint;  ritual  cleansing,  impure. 

3.  Sinful,  morally  impure,  foul  with  sin,  un- 
holy, polluted. 

Uncleanly,  a.      I.    Foul,    filthy,   unclean,  dirty, 
nasty. 
2.   Unchaste,  indecent,  impure,  obscene. 
Uncleanness,    «.     I.     Foulness,    defilement,    im- 
purity, dirtiness,  filthiness,  nastiness,   pollution, 
abomination. 
2.   {Jewish  Law.)    Impurity,  pollution. 


3.  Moral  impurity,  defilement  by  sin,  sinfuU 

ness,  unholiness,  pollution. 
Unclench,  v.  a.     Unclinch,  open. 
Unclew,  V.  a.     Undo,  unwind,  unfold,  untie. 
Unclose,  v.  a.     I.   Open,  break  the  seal  of. . 

2.   Open,  disclose,  lay  open. 
Unclothed,    a.      Undressed,    uncovered,     naked, 

bare,  stark  naked,  in  a  state  of  nature,  m  puns 

naturalibus. 
Unclouded,    a.    Clear,   bright,  sunny,  cloudless, 

unobscured. 
Uncoil,  V.  a.     Unwind. 
Uncolored,    a.      Colorless,    untinged,     unstained, 

hiieless,  achromatic,  free  from  color. 
Uncomely,  a.    Homely,  plain,  unlovely,  ill-favored, 

ugly. 
Uncomfortable,  a.     I.   Disagreeable,  displeasing, 

unpleasant,  uneasy. 

2.  Close  (as  the  weather),  oppressive. 

3.  Dismal,    miserable,     unhappy,     cheerless, 
uneasy. 

Uncommanded,  a.     Unordered,  unbidden. 

Uncommon,  a.  Rare,  unusual,  odd,  unwonted, 
infrequent,  strange,  queer,  singular,  remarkable, 
out  of  the  way,  exceptional,  extraordinary,  note- 
worthy. 

Uncommonly,  a.  Unusually,  remarkably,  singu- 
larly, particularly,  peculiarly,  notably. 

Uncommunicative,  a.  Reserved,  taciturn,  close, 
inconversable,  unsociable,  reticent,  incommuni- 
cative, sparing  of  words,  of  few  words. 

Uncompa^ionate,  a.  Ruthless,  merciless,  pitiless, 
hard-hearted,  cruel,  unpitying,  unmerciful,  harsh. 

Uncompelled,  a.  Spontaneous,  voluntary,  un- 
bidden, unconstrained,  willing,  gratuitous,  free, 
of  one's  own  accord. 

Uncomplaining,  a.  Patient,  long-suffering,  meek, 
tolerant,  resigned. 

Uncomplaisant,  a.     Uncivil,  disagreeable. 

Uncomplimentary,  a.  Blunt,  brusk,  frank, 
candid,  plain-spoken,  unflattering. 

Uncomplying,  a.  Unbending,  unyielding,  stub- 
born, rigid,  stiff,  inflexible. 

Uncompounded,  a.  Unmixed,  incomposite, 
simple,  single. 

Uncompromising,  a.  Unyielding,  obstinate,  in- 
flexible,  stiff,  rigid,  strict. 

Unconcealed,  a.  Open,  plain,  manifest,  evident, 
naked. 

Unconcern,  n.  Indifference,  carelessness,  cool- 
ness, nonchalance,  insouciance. 

Unconcerned,  a.  Indifferent,  careless,  cool,  un- 
solicitous,  unmoved,  apathetic,  easy  in  mind, 
nonchalant. 

Unconditional,  a.  I.  Unrestricted,  unlimited, 
complete,  absolute,  unqualified,  unreserved,  full, 
entire,  positive,  categorical. 

2.   {Log.)    Categorical,  positive,  explicit,  non- 
hypothetical. 

Unconditioned,  a.     I.    Not  conditioned. 
2.    Infinite,  inconceivable,  incogitable. 

Unconfined,  a.  Unrestrained,  uncontrolled,  unre- 
stricted, free,  unchecked,  unbound,  untrammelled. 

Unconformable,  a.  Irregular,  dissimilar,  unlike, 
incongruous,  aberrant,  exceptional,  erratic. 

Uncongenial,  a.  Unharmonmus,  ill-assorted,  un- 
suited,  discordant,  unsvmpathetic,  antagonistic. 

Unconnected,  a.  Disconnected,  inconsequent, 
disjoined,  irrelevant. 

Unconnected  with.  Unrelated  to,  independent 
of,  unallied  with. 

Unconquerable,  a.     I.    Invincible,  indomitable, 
2.    Insuperable,  insurmountable. 

Unconquerableness,  n.  Invincibility,  invincible- 
ness.  indomitableness. 

Unconscionable,  a.  I.  Unreasonable,  inordinate, 
excessive,  exorbitant,  extravagant,  preposterous. 


UNCONSCIOUS 


454 


UNDERHAND 


2.   Enormous,  vast,  immense,  monstrous,  pro- 
digious. 
Unconscious,  a.     I.    Insensible,  senseless. 

2.  Imperceptible,  iiiseubible,  imperceivable. 

3.  Ignorant,  unaware. 

4.  Artless,  natural,  ingenuous,  simple,  naive. 
Unconsciously,  ad.     Unwittingly,  ignorantly. 
UnconsciousntSSy  n.     I.   Insensibility,  senseless- 
ness. 

2.  Ignorance. 

3.  Artlessness,  ingenuousness,  absence  of  con- 
sciousness, simplicity. 

Unconstitutional,  a.  Illegal,  unwarrantable,  un- 
authorized by  the  constitution,  unlawful. 

Unconstrained,  a.     I.    Uncompelled,  unforced. 
2.    Free,  easy,  natural,  spontaneous,  voluntary. 

Uncontrollable,  a.  Ungovernable,  irrepressible, 
rampant,  headstrong,  violent,  unruly,  unmanage- 
able. 

Unconventional,  a.  Informal,  unusual,  peculiar, 
odd,  lawless,  eccentric,  untrained,  original, 
erratic. 

Unconversable,  a.  Unsociable,  uncommunicative, 
incommunicative,  taciturn,  close,  reserved,  reti- 
cent. 

Unconvincing,  a.     Inconclusive,  indecisive. 

Uncooked,  a.    Raw. 

Uncorrupt,  a.  Upright,  honest,  true,  virtuous, 
honorable,  impartial,  even-handed,  straightfor- 
ward. 

UncourteOUS,  a.  Impolite,  uncivil,  disrespectful, 
unmannerly,  rude,  uncourtly,  discourteous,  inur- 
bane, bearish,  ill-mannered,  ill-bred,  ill -behaved. 

Uncourtly,    a.     I.    Rustic,    awkward,    unrefined, 
homely,  homespun,  provincial,  inelegant,  coun- 
trified, unpolished. 
2.   See  Uncourteous. 

Uncouth,  a.  I.  Rustic,  awkward,  boorish,  clown- 
ish, loutish,  clumsy,  unseemly,  unrefined,  un- 
courtly, lubberly,  rude,  gawky,  inelegant,  un- 
gainly. 

2.  Unfamiliar,  unusual,  strange,  odd,  outland- 
ish. 

Uncover,  v.  a.  I.  Strip,  lay  bare,  lay  open, 
divest   of  covering,   denude. 

2.  Disclose,  reveal,  discover,  unmask,  expose. 

3.  Bare,  take  the  cover  off. 

4.  Open,  unclose. 

Uncover,  v.  n.     Take  off  the   hat  {in  token   of 

respect),  bare  the  head. 
Uncrown,  v.  a.     Discrown,  dethrone,  depose. 
Unction,  «.     I.    Anointing,  smearing,  rubbing. 

2.  {Rare.)    Unguent,  ointment. 

3.  Fervor,  warmth,  ardor,  fervency,  eamest- 
nes-,  passion,  enthusiasm,  power,  force,  spirit, 
energy,  verve,  emotion,  devotional  feeling. 

Unctuosity,  n.     {Rare.)    See  Unctuousnehs. 

Unctuous,  a.  I.  Greasy,  oily,  fatty,  fat,  oleagi- 
nous, adipose,  adipous,  sebaceous,  pinguid,  buty- 
raceous,  unguinous. 

2.  Smooth,  bland,  slippery,  lubric,  lubricous. 

3.  (In  a  bad  or  offensive  sense.)  Smooth, 
bland,  suave,  over-complaisant,  oily,  plausible, 
sycophantic,  sycophantish,  parasitic,  obsequious, 
adulatory,  fawning,  servile. 

4.  {Also  in  a  bad  sense.)  Fervid,  over-fervid, 
full  of  unction,  gushing,  of  affected  warmth. 

UuctUOUSness,  «.  I.  Oiliness,  greasiness,  fatness, 
unctuosity,  fattiness. 

2.    Oiliness,  smoothness,  fulsomeness. 
UncultivaWe,  a.     Sterile,  barren,  uncultivatable. 
Uncultivated,  a.     I.    Untilled,  uncultured. 

2.  Rude,  uncivilized,  unlettered,  ignorant, 
unpolished,  uneducated,  uncultured. 

3.  Wild,  savage,  rough,  sylvan. 
Uncurrent,  a.     That  does  not  pass  {in  payment), 

not  receivable  at  par,  not  current 


Undamagfed,  a.    Uninjured,  unhurt,  unimpaired. 

Undauntiid,  a.  Bold,  intrepid,  fearless,  brave, 
courageous,  resolute,  undismayed,  unterrified, 
unappalled,  unawed,  dauntless. 

Undebased,  a.     Unadulterated,  pure,  unalloyed. 

Undecaying,  a.  Enduring,  unfading,  lasting,  un- 
dying, amaranthine,  imperishable,  perennial, 
immortal,  ever-vernal,  ever-blooming. 

Undeceive,  v.  a.  Set  right,  correct,  open  the  eyes 
of,  disabuse,  free  from  mistake,  disengage  from 
fallacy. 

Undecided,  a.  I.  Undetermined,  unsettled,  pend- 
ing, in  suspense. 

2.  Uncertain,  irresolute,  undetermined,  doubt- 
ful, dubious. 

Undecipherable,  a.  Illegible,  indistinct,  puzzling, 
unintelligible. 

Undeclared,  a.  Tacit,  implied,  silent,  under- 
stood, unproclaimed. 

Undefended,  a.     Unprotected,  unguarded. 

Undefiled,  a.  I.  Pure,  spotless,  stainless,  un- 
blemished, unspotted,  unsullied,  immaculate,  un- 
tarnished, without  a  stain,  clean. 

2.  Innocent,  pure,  stainless,  unstained,  clean, 
unblemished,  uncorrupted,  unspotted,  honest, 
honorable,  unsullied. 

Undefined,  a.  I.  Unbounded,  limitless,  bound- 
less. 

2.    Indistinct,  indeterminate,  indefinite. 

Undemonstrative,  a.  Reserved,  (juiet,  modest, 
staid,  sober,  demure,  sedate,  placid,  calm,  com- 
posed. 

Undeniable,  a.  Indisputable,  indubitable,  incon- 
trovertible, unquestionable,  incontestable,  irre- 
fragable, evident,  obvious,  beyond  all  question, 
beyond  a  doubt,  past  dispute,  unimpeachable, 
certain. 

Under,  />rep.     I.   Beneath,  below. 

2.  Subordinat*  to,  subject  to,  in  subordination 
to. 

3.  In  a  less  degree  than. 

4.  For  that  which  is  less  than. 

5.  Below,  less  than,  with  less  than. 

6.  By  means  of. 

7.  Inferior  to,  in  a  state  of  inferiority  to. 

8.  While  burdened  with,  under  the  load  of. 

9.  When  exposed  to,  while  suffering. 

10.  In  a  state  of  being  liable  to,  subject  to. 

11.  In,  in  the  state  or  condition  of 

12.  Attested  by,  authorized  by,  signed  by. 

13.  Subjected  to,  being  the  subject  of. 

14.  Not  having  reached  or  arrived  at. 

15.  Bearing,  represented  by. 

Under,  a.  Lower  in  rank  or  degree,  subject,  sub- 
ordinate, inferior. 

Under,  ad.     In  subjection. 

Under  age.     In  one's  minority. 

Under  arms.     Armed  for  fighting,  ready  for  battle. 

Under  bare  poles.    {Naut.)    With  no  sails  set. 

Underbred,  a.     Unmannerly,  uncivil. 

Underbrush,  «.     Undergrowth,  underwood. 

Underdone,  a.  Rare,  done  or  cooked  rare,  mod- 
erately cooked. 

Underestimate,  v.  a.  Undervalue,  underrate, 
misprize,  rate  below  the  true  value,  rate  too 
low. 

Under  fire.     Exposed  to  fire  ( of  shot  by  an  enemy ). 

Underfoot,  a.     Under  the  feet. 

Undergo,  v.  a.     Bear,  suffer,  endure,  sustain,  ex- 

Eerience,  pass  through,  go  through,  meet  with, 
e  exposed  to,  be  subjected  to. 
Under  ground.     Below  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
Underground,  a.     Subterranean,  subterraneous. 
Undergrowth,  n.     Underbrush,  underwood. 
Underhand,  ad.     I.    Secretly,  privately,  clandes- 
tinely, underhandedly,  in  a  clandestine  manner, 
by  secret  means. 


UNDERHAND 


455 


UNDO 


^  2.  Fraudulently,  by  fraudulent  means,  surrep- 
titiously, unfairly. 

UnderlUUldf  a.  Secret,  sly,  clandestine,  disingenu- 
ous, unfair,  fraudulent,  underhanded,  surrepti- 
tious. 

Underhanded,  a.    See  Underhand,  a. 

Underhandedly,  ad.     See  Underhand,  ad. 

Underived,  a.     I.   Original,  primeval,  aboriginal, 
primary,  first. 
2.   Radical,  primitive. 

UnderjaWf  «•     Lower  jaw. 

Underlease,  «.     {Law.)    Sublease. 

Underlet,  v.  a.  Sublet,  let  or  lease  at  second 
hand. 

Underlie,  v,  a.     I.   Lie  under,  rest  beneath,  be 
situated  under. 
2.    Support,  be  at  the  basis  of. 

Underline,  v.  a.     Underscore,  draw  a  line  under. 

Underling:,  «•  Understrapper,  fag,  servant,  infe- 
rior agent,  subordinate. 

Undermine,  v.  a.    i.  Sap,  mine. 

2.   Ruin  secretly,  sap  the  foundations  of. 

Undermost,  a.     Lowest. 

Underneath,  prep.     Under,  beneath,  below. 

Underneath,  ad.     Below,  under,  beneath. 

Under  one's  own  hand.  \     Having     the     name, 

Under  one's  signature.  I  sign,  or  mark  writ- 

ten, attested  by,  signed  by. 

Underplot,  n.     I.    Subordmate  plot. 
2.    Secret  plot,  clandestine  scheme. 

Underprop,  v.  a.     Support,  uphold,  sustain. 

Underrate,  v.  a.  Undervalue,  misprize,  underes- 
timate, rate  below  the  true  value,  rate  too  low, 
underprize. 

Under  sail.     {N'aut.)    Moved  by  sails,  in  motion. 

Underscore,  v.  a.     Underline,  draw  a  line  under. 

Undersell,  v.  a.     Sell  cheaper  than. 

Under  sentence.  Having  sentence  pronounced 
against. 

Undersign,  v.  a.     Subscribe,  underwrite. 

Undersized,  a.     Small,  dwarfish,  little,  stunted. 

Undersoil,  n.     Subsoil. 

Understand,  v.  a.  I.  Apprehend,  conceive,  per- 
ceive, know,  penetrate,  discern,  see,  comprehend, 
have  knowledge  of,  see  through,  make  out. 

2.  Be  informed,  be  apprised,  learn. 

3.  Interpret,  take,  suppose  to  mean. 

4.  Mean,  imply. 

Understand,   v.  n.     I.   Be  an   intelligent   being, 
have  understanding. 
2.   Learn,  hear,  be  apprised,  be  informed. 

Understanding,  «.  I.  Intellect,  mind,  reason, 
sense,  brains,  thinking  principle,  reasoning  fac- 
ulty, rational  faculty,  discursive  faculty,  intellec- 
tual powers,  intellectual  faculties. 

2.  Intelligence,  apprehension,  comprehension, 
perception,  knowledge,  discernment,  judgment, 
notion,  idea. 

3.  Agreement,  accord,  unanimity. 
Understandingly,  ad.    Intelligibly,   intelligently, 

with  full  knowledge,  with  the  eyes  open. 

Understate,  v.  a.    State  too  low. 

Understrapper,  «.  Underling,  fag,  servant,  in- 
ferior agent. 

Undertake,  v.  a.  Attempt,  set  about,  engage  in, 
embark  in,  enter  upon,  take  in  hand,  take  upon 
one's  self,  take  on  one's  shoulders. 

Undertake,  v.  «.  Engage,  agree,  guarantee,  stip- 
ulate, bargain,  promise,  be  bound,  be  sworn, 
pledge  one's  self,  pledge  one's  word,  plight  one's 
word,  pass  one's  word,  take  upon  one's  self. 

Undertaking,  «.  Enterprise,  engagement,  at- 
tempt, adventure,  endeavor,  effort. 

Under  the  breath.  Softly,  in  a  low  voice,  sotto 
voce. 

Under  the  rose.     Privatelv,  secretly,  snib  rosa. 

Under  the  sun.     In  the  world,  on  the  earth. 


Under  the  weather.  Ill,  sick,  unwell,  indisposed, 
ailing,  out  of  sorts,  on  the  sick  list,  laid  on  the 
shell: 

Undervalue,  v.  a.  I.  Underrate,  misprize,  rate 
below  the  true  value,  rate  too  low. 

2.  Despise,  depreciate,  esteem  lightly,  hold  in 
low  estimation. 

Under  water.     Below  the  surface  of  the  water. 

Under  way.  (Naut.)  Having  started  in  a  condi- 
tion to  make  progress,  moving. 

Underwitted,  a.     Sappy,  silly,  half-witted,  foolish. 

Underwood,  «.  Underbrush,  undergrowth,  cop- 
pice. 

Underwrite,  v.  a.    I.   Subscribe,  undersign. 
2.    Insure. 

Underwriter,  n.     Insurer. 

Undeserved,  «.     Unmerited,  not  deserved. 

Undesigned,  a.  Unintentional,  unintended,  un- 
premeditated. 

Undesigning,  a.  Sincere,  upright,  artless,  sim- 
ple, straightforward,  unsophisticated,  ingenuous, 
guileless. 

Undesirable,  a.     I.    Inexpedient,  inadvisable. 
2.    Unwelcome,  distasteful,  objectionable,  un- 
acceptable. 

Undetermined,  a.  I.  Unsettled,  undecided,  un- 
certain. 

2.  Wavering,  hesitating,  irresolute. 

3.  Unbounded,  undefined,  unlimited,  indeter- 
minate. 

Undeveloped,  a.     Latent,  in  embryo. 

Undeviating,  «.     I.   Straight,  straightforward,  di- 
rect, unswerving. 
2.   Steady,  regular,  steadfast. 

Undigested,  a.    Crude,  raw. 

Undignified,  a.    I,   Unbecoming,  unbefitting,  un- 
seemly. 
2.    Without  dignity. 

Undiminished,  a.  Unlessened,  unimpaired,  un- 
abated. 

Undimmed,  a.    Clear,  bright. 

Undiscernible,  a.  Invisible,  imperceptible,  un- 
discoverable,    indiscernible. 

Undiscerning,  a.     I.    Blind,  purblind. 

2.  Stupid,  dull,  unintelligent,  unenlightened, 
unattentive,  unheeding. 

Undisciplined,  a.  I.  Untrained,  unpractised,  un- 
drilled,  inexperienced,  raw. 

2.  Untrained,  untaught,  unschooled,  untu- 
tored, uninstructed. 

Undiscouraged,  a.  Undismayed,  undispirited, 
iindishearteiied. 

Undiscoverable,  a.  I.  Undiscernible,  that  can- 
not be  discovered. 

2.  Inscrutable,  unsearchable,  hidden,  unfath- 
omable, unknowable,  occult,  mysterious,  past  or 
above  comprehension. 

Undisguised,  a.  Open,  ingenuous,  unreserved, 
plain,  frank,  sincere,  honest,  true. 

Undismayed,  a.  Undaunted,  unawed,  unappalled, 
fearless,  bold,  courageous,  brave,  intrepid. 

Undisputed,  a.     See  Undoubted. 

Undissembling,  a.  Sincere,  honest,  ingenuous, 
artless,  guileless,  open,  frank,  canHid,  hearty, 
straightforward,  open-hearted,  unaffected,  ingen- 
uous. 

Undistln^uishable,  a.  Indistinct,  indeterminate, 
confused,  indistinguishable,  that  cannot  be  dis- 
tinguished. 

Undisturbed,  a.  Calm,  placid,  quiet,  tranquil,  se- 
rene, peaceful,  unmoved,  unruffled,  composed. 

Undivided,  a.     I.   Whole,  entire,  complete. 
2.   United,  one. 

Undo,  V.  a.  I.  Annul,  invalidate,  reverse,  neu- 
tralize, nullify,  frustrate,  bring  to  naught. 

2.  Loose,  unfasten,  untie,  disengage,  open, 
unfold,  disentangle,  unravel. 


UNDOING 


456 


UNFINISHED 


3.  Ruin,  destroy. 

4.  Impoverish,  bring  to  poverty. 

Undoing:,  «.     Ruin,  destruction. 

Undomesticated,  a.    Wild,  not  tame. 

Undoubted,  a.  Indisputable,  indubitable,  undis- 
puted, incontrovertible,  unquestionable,  unques- 
tioned. 

Undoubtlng,  a.     Sure,  confident. 

Undress,  v.  a.     Disrobe,  strip,  divest  of  clothes. 

Undress,  «.  Dishabille,  loose  dress,  ordinary 
dress. 

Undrilled,  a.  Untrained,  unpractised,  undisci- 
plined, unschooled,  inexperienced. 

Undue,  a.  I.  Improper,  illegitimate,  illegal,  un- 
lawful. 

2.  Unsuitable,  improper,  excessive,  inordinate, 
immoderate,  disproportioned. 

3.  Unfit,  unsuitable. 

Undulate,  v.  n.  Wave,  fluctuate,  move  up  and 
down. 

Undulating,  a.  Waving,  wavy,  undulatory,  roll- 
ing. 

Undulation,  «.  Wave,  fluctuation,  ripple,  rimple, 
wave-like  motion. 

Undulatory,  a.     Undulating,  waving,  wavy. 

Unduly,  ad.  Excessively,  in  an  undue  manner, 
improperly. 

Undutiful,  a.  Disobedient,  unfilial,  disloyal, 
unfaithful. 

Und3dng:,  a.  Deathless,  imperishable,  immortal, 
never-dying,  ever-living. 

Uneartb,  y.  a.  I.  Uncover,  draw  from  the  earth. 
2.  Bring  to  light,  disclose,  bring  out  from  con- 
cealment, ferret  out,  find  out,  draw  out. 

Unearthly,  a.    Supernatural,  preternatural,  weird. 

Uneasiness,  «•  Disquiet,  restlessness,  inquietude, 
anxiety,  disquietude,  perturbation,  trouble,  per- 
plexity. 

Uneasy,  a.  I,  Restless,  restive,  unquiet,  dis- 
turbed, impatient,  ill  at  ease. 

2.  Constrained,    stiff,    awkward,    ungraceful, 
ungainly. 

3.  Disagreeable,      unpleasing,     constraining, 
cramping,  uncomfortable. 

Uneducated,  a.  Illiterate,  unlettered,  unlearned, 
untaught,  uncultivated,  uninstructed,  unenlight- 
ened, ignorant,  rude,  uninformed. 

Unembarrassed,  a.      I.    Unencumbered,  unbur- 
dened, untrammelled. 
2.   Easy,  unconstrained,  digagL 

Unemployed,  a.     I.    Unoccupied,  doing  nothing, 
out  of  employment,  idle. 
2.    Disused. 

Unencumbered,  a.    See  Unembarrassed. 

Unending,  a.  Everlasting,  ever-enduring,  eternal, 
perpetual,  endless,  sempiternal,  unceasing,  inter- 
minable, ceaseless,  never-ending. 

Unendurable,  a.  Insufferable,  intolerable,  insup- 
portable, unbearable. 

Unenlightened,  a.    See  Uneducated 

Unenviable,  a.  Undesirable,  disagreeable,  un- 
pleasant. 

Unequal,  a.     I.  Uneven,  not  alike. 

2.  Inferior. 

3.  Disproportioned,  ill-matched. 

4-.   Irregular,  not  equable,  not  uniform. 

5.  Inadequate,  insufficient. 

6.  {Boi.)     Inequilateral. 

Unequalled,  a.  Unmatched,  matchless,  unparal- 
leled, unexampled,  unparagoned,  peerless,  un- 
surpassed, unrivalled,  exceeding,  surpassing, 
superlative,  transcendent,  incomparable,  inimit- 
able, paramount,  pre-eminent. 

Unequivocal,  a.      I.    Indubitable,   incontestable, 
clear,  plain,  evident,  certain,  positive,  absolute. 
2.    Unmistakable,  unambiguous,  explicit. 

Unerring,  a.     I.   Infallible,  incapable  of  error. 


2.   Certain,  sure,  exact,  accurate. 

Unessential,  a.  Unimportant,  immaterial,  non- 
essential, of  no  account,  of  no  consequence,  of  no 
moment,  unnecessary. 

Uneven,  a.     I.    Rough,  ragged,  jagged,  rugged. 

2.  Unequal. 

3.  Odd,  not  exactly  divisible  by  2. 
Uneventful,  a.     Quiet,  commonplace,  uninterest- 
ing, uncheckered,  dull,  monotonous,   humdrum, 
eventless. 

Unexampled,  a.     Unprecedented,  unparalleled. 

Uuexcelled,  a.     Unsurj^assed,  unrivalled. 

Unexceptionable,  a.  Unobjectionable,  good,  ex- 
cellent, faultless,  irreproachable. 

Unexpected,  a.  Sudden,  abrupt,  unanticipated, 
unlocked  for,  unthought  of,  unforeseen. 

Unexpensive,  a.  Cheap,  moderate,  low-priced, 
inexpensive. 

Unexperienced,  a.  Inexperienced,  unpractised, 
untrained,  unschooled,  uninitiated,  raw,  un- 
versed, undisciplined,  unskilled,  green,  without 
experience. 

Unexpressive,  a.  Inexpressive,  characterless, 
blank,  unmeaning. 

Unfading,  a.  Perennial,  undecaying,  lasting,  en- 
during, amaranthine. 

Unfailing,  a.  Inexhaustible,  exhaustless,  certain, 
constant,  never-failing. 

Unfair,  a.  Unjust,  inequitable,  partial,  dishonest, 
dishonorable,  disingenuous,  one-sided,  unequal, 
insincere,  uncandid,  false,  hypocritical,  faithless, 
truthless. 

Unfairness,  «.    Injustice. 

Unfaithful,  a.  I,  Faithless,  treacherous,  per- 
fidious, unreliable,  derelict,  false,  deceitful,  dis- 
loyal, recreant,  treasonable,  undutiful,  false- 
hearted, untrustworthy. 

2.  Negligent,  careless,  untrustworthy,  unre- 
liable. 

3.  Fickle,  untrue,  inconstant,  changeable, 
faithless. 

Unfaltering,  a.  Firm,  resolute,  steadfast,  deter- 
mined, unwavering,  unhesitating,  unswerving, 
steady. 

Unfamiliar,  a.     I.   Unusual,  uncommon,  strange, 
singular,  queer,  unheard  of,  out  of  the  way. 
2.   Unaccustomed,  unacquainted, inconversant. 

Unfashionable,  a.  Obsolete,  disused,  antiquated, 
old-fashioned,  out  of  use,  out  of  fashion,  out  of 
date,  fallen  into  desuetude. 

Unfasten,  v.  a.  Loose,  unloose,  untie,  unbind, 
unclasp,  unlace,  undo,  unfix. 

Unfathomable,  a.  I.  Fathomless,  bottomless, 
soundless,  very  deep,  very  profound,  abysmal. 

2.  Inscrutable,  unsearchable,  impenetrable, 
mysterious. 

Unfavorable,  a.  Adverse,  contrary,  malign,  un- 
propilious,  inauspicious,  discouraging,  inimical. 

Unfeasible,  a.  Impracticable,  infeasible,  that  can- 
not be  accomplished  or  done. 

Unfeathered,  a.     Unfledged,  callow. 

Unfeeling,  a.  I.  Insensible,  torpid,  numb,  apa- 
thetic, callous,  insensate,  without  sensibility. 

2.  Cruel,  unkind,  unsympathizing,  unsympa- 
thetic, hard,  hard-hearted,  cold-blooded,  cold- 
hearted. 

Unfeigned,  a.  Real,  sincere,  sterling,  true,  undis- 
guised, genuine,  unaffected,  honest. 

Unfeminine,  a.     I.    Unwomanly,  mannish,  bold. 
2.    Unwomanly,  indelicate,  rude,  coarse. 

Unfetter,  v.  a.  Unshackle,  unbind,  set  free, 
loose,  set  at  liberty. 

Unfettered,  a.  Free,  unrestrained,  unshackled, 
untrammelled. 

Unfilial,  a.     Undutiful,  disobedient,  ungrateful. 

Unfinished,  a.  I.  Incomplete,  unexecuted,  un- 
accomplished, unperformed. 


UNFIT 


457 


UNHAPPY 


2.  Incomplete,  imperfect,  uncompleted. 
Untitt  a.     I.   Not  fit,  not  in  suitable  condition. 

2.  Unsuitable,  inappropriate. 

3.  Inapposite,  inapt,  unsuitable,  inappropriate, 
irrelevant. 

4.  Improper,  unbecoming,  unseemly,  unsuit- 
able. 

5.  Unqualified,  incapable,  unequal. 

Unfit,  V.  a.     Disqualify,  make  unfit,  incapacitate. 

Unfix,  V.  a.     I.    Unsettle,  unhinge. 
2.    Loosen,  take  off,  undo. 

Unflagging,  a.  Untiring,  unremitting,  unwearied, 
indefatigable,  persevermg,  undrooping,  never- 
tiring,  unfaltenng,  constant,  steady. 

Unfla^ering,  a.  Frank,  candid,  uncompliment- 
ary, blunt,  plain-speaking,  brusk. 

Unfledged,  a.     I.  Unfeathered,  callow. 
2.    Inexperienced,  raw,  green,  untried. 

UnfUncMng,  a.  Resolute,  firm,  steady,  unshrink- 
ing. 

Unfold,  V.  a.   I.  Expand,  open,  unroll,  spread  out. 

2.  Reveal,  disclose,  declare,  divulge,  tell. 

3.  Decipher,  unravel,  unriddle,  explain,  re- 
solve, disentangle,  interpret,  evolve,  illustrate, 
make  known,  set  forth,  make  clear. 

4.  Display,  spread  out,  set  to  view. 

5.  Release,  dismiss  from  a  fold. 
Unforced,  a.     I.  Willing,  unconstrained,  uncom- 

pelled. 

2.  Free,  unurged,  nothing  loath. 

3.  Natural,  unfeigned,  spontaneous. 

4.  E.isy,  ready,  voluntary,  willing. 
Unforeseen,  a.     Unexpected,  unlooked  for,  unan- 
ticipated. 

Unforgiving,  a.  Implacable,  inexorable,  relent- 
less, hard,  stony-hearted,  unrelenting. 

UnforgOtten,  a.  Remembered,  recollected,  cher- 
ished in  the  memory. 

Unformed,  a.     Shapeless,  unfashioned,  unshaped. 

Unfortunate,  a.  I.  Unsuccessful,  unprosperous, 
unlucky,  luckless,  ill-fated,  ill-starred,  hapless. 

2.  Disastrous,  calamitous,  unhappy,  deplor- 
able. 

3.  Infelicitous,  inappropriate,  inopportune,  un- 
lucky. 

Unfounded,  a.     I.   Unestablished,  unbuilt. 

2.  Baseless,  idle,  vain,  groundless,  false,  un- 
grounded, unsubstantial. 

Unfrequent,  a.     Uncommon,  rare,  infrequent. 

Unfrequented,  a.  Uninhabited,  unoccupied,  de- 
serted, lone,  solitary,  rarely  visited. 

Unfriended,  a.  Friendless,  forlorn,  solitary,  deso- 
late. 

Unfriendliness,  n.     Disfavor,  unkindness. 

Unfriendly,    a.       I.     Unkind,   hostile,    inimical, 
malevolent,  antagonistic,  ill-disposed. 
2.    Unfavorable,  inimical,  adverse,  hostile. 

Unfruitful,  a.  I.  Barren,  fruitless,  acarpous, 
sterile. 

2.  Barren,  unprolific,  sterile,  infecund. 

3.  Fruitless,  unprofiuble,  unproductive,  bar- 
ren. 

4.  Unproductive,  barren,  unprolific,  sterile, 
unfertile,  fruitless. 

Unfulfilled,  a.  Unaccomplished,  unperformed, 
neglected,  unobserved,  unredeemed. 

Unfurl,  V.  a.  Open,  display,  spread  out,  give  to 
the  breeze,  expand,  unfold. 

Unfurnished,  a.     Empty,  bare,  unsupplied. 

Ungainly,  a.  Clumsy,  awkward,  uncouth,  un- 
courtly,  inelegant,  clownish,  boorish,  gawky, 
loutish,  lubberly,  lumbering,  slouching,  ungrace- 
ful, stiff. 

Ungallant,  a.  Unchivalrous,  uneentle,  ungracious, 
uncourtly,  unhandsome,  churlish. 

Ungenerous,  a.  I.  Illiberal,  stingy,  mean,  sordid, 
selfish. 


2.  Ignoble,  ignominious,  unkind,  base,  churlish. 

Ungentle,  a.  Harsh,  rude,  impolite,  uucourteous, 
uncivil. 

Ungentlemanly,  a.  Uncivil,  impolite,  uncourte- 
ous,  discourteous,  rude,  rough,  coarse,  bearish, 
boorish,  ungentle,  ill-bred,  ill-mannered,  unman- 
nerly, churlish. 

Ungodly,   a.       I.    Wicked,   impious,    sinful,    un- 
righteous,  godless,   vicious,   profane,   reprobate, 
depraved,  vile,  bad,  evil. 
2.   Unhallowed,  unsanctified,  unholy,  polluted. 

UngOVemaUe,  a.  Unruly,  refractory,  uncontrol- 
lable, intractable,  unmanageable,  irrepressible, 
rebellious,  mutinous,  wild,  unbridled,  rampant, 
headstrong,  infuriate,  mad,  frantic,  furious,  vio- 
lent, impetuous,  vehement. 

UngOVemed,  a.     I.    Without  government. 

2.  Uncontrolled,  unbridled,  uncurbed,  licen- 
tious. 

Ungraceful,  a.  Stiff,  constrained,  awkward, 
clumsv,  inelegant,  ungainly,  uncouth,  gawky. 

Ungracious,  a.  I.  Uncivil,  unkind,  impoiite, 
rude,  rough,  unfriendly,  disobliging,  churlish, 
unamirible. 

2.  Unpleasing,  disagreeable,  ungrateful,  offen- 
sive, unacceptable,  unpleasant,  thankless. 

Ungranunatical,  a.  incorrect,  inaccurate,  faulty, 
without  regard  to  the  rules  of  grammar. 

Ungrateful,  a.  I.  Unthankful,  thankless,  with- 
out gratitude. 

2.  Unpleasing,  offensive,  disagreeable,  unac- 
ceptable, unwelcome,   thankless. 

Ungratefulness,  n.      I.    Ingratitude,  unthankful* 
ness,  thanklessness. 
2.    Unacceptableness,  disagreeableness. 

Ungrounded,  a.  Unfounded,  baseless,  without 
foundation,  groundless. 

Ungrudgingly,  ad.  Heartily,  cheerfully,  wil- 
lingly, freely,  generously,  unsparingly. 

Ungual,  a.     Ungueal,  unguical.  unguicular. 

Unguarded,    a.       I.     Undefended,     unprotected, 
defenceless,  naked. 
2.    Careless,  incautious,  thoughtless. 

Unguent,  «.     Ointment,  unction,  un^uentum. 

uS|SicStld,(-     Clawed,  having  claws. 
Unguiform,  a.     Claw-shaped. 
Ungulnous,  a.     Oily,  unctuous,  oleaginous. 
Unguis,  «.     I.    Finger-nail. 

2.  Hoof. 

3.  Claw. 

4.  {Bot.)    Claw,  ungula. 
Ungulate,  a.     I.    Hoof-shaped. 

2.    Hoof-bearing. 
Unhackneyed,  a.     Fresh,  new,  recent,  novel. 
Unhallowed,  a.      Unsanctified,    unholy,    profane, 

impure,  polluted,  wicked. 
Unhandsome,  a.     I.   Plain,  ugly,  ill-looking,  un- 

comelv,  homely. 

2.  tjnbecoming,  unsuitable,  ungraceful,  undig- 
nified. 

3.  Unfair,  illiberal,  disingenuous,  ungenerous. 

4.  Uncivil,  impolite,  churlish. 

Unhandy,   a.       I.     Awkward,    unskilful,   clumsy, 
bungling,  maladroit,  inexpert,  inapt, ^awcA^. 
2.    Inconvenient,  uncomfortable,  awkward. 
Unhappily,  ad.     I.    Unfortunately,  unluckily. 

2.    Miserably,  wretchedly,  calamitously. 
Unhappiness,  «.      I.    Wretchedness,  misery,  dis- 
tress, affliction,  woe,  infelicity. 
2.    Misfortune,  calamity,  disaster. 
Unhappy,  at.    I.  Unfortunate,  unlucky,  infelicitous. 

2.  Wretched,  miserable,  distressed,  afflicted, 
sorrowful,  heart-sick. 

3.  Grievous,  disastrous,  calamitous,  severe, 
trying,  painful,  unfortunate,  unlucky,  sad,  aflJict- 
ing,  afidictive,  distressing,  deplorable,  dire. 


UNHARMED 


458 


UNITY 


4.  Unpropitious,  unlucky,  malign,  inauspi- 
cious, sinister,  evil. 

XTniiarmed,  a.  Uninjured,  unhurt,  unscathed,  un- 
damaged. 

UnharmonioUS,  a.  I.  Discordant,  dissonant, 
unmusical,  inharmonic,  inharmonical,  inharmoni- 
ous, out  of  tune. 

2.  Discordant,  dissonant,  disagreeing,  at  vari- 
ance. 

XJnhealtllflll,  a.  Unwholesome,  insalubrious,  un- 
healthy, noxious. 

Unhealtliyt  a.  I.  Unsound,  diseased,  sickly, 
out  of  health,  valetudinary,  valetudinarian. 

2.  Unsound,  diseased,  sickly, 

3.  Sickly. 

4.  Unwholesome,  insalubrious,  deleterious, 
poisonous,  morbific,  unhealthful,  noxious,  unfav- 
orable to  health. 

5.  Morbid,  indicative  of  disease. 
Unlie^d  of.     I.    Obscure,  unknown  to  fame. 

2.  Novel,  unexampled,  unprecedented,  unusual, 
uncommon,  exceptional,  abnormal,  unwonted, 
singular,  surprising,  out  of  the  way,  strange. 

Unheeded,  a.  Disregarded,  unnoticed,  ignored, 
overlooked,  neglected. 

Unlieedfully,  ad.     Carelessly,  negligently. 

Unheeding,  a.  Careless,  heedless,  unmindful,  re- 
gardless. 

Unhelped,  a.     Unaided,  unassisted. 

Unhesitating,  a.     Prompt,  ready,  immediate. 

Unhindered,  a.  Unobstructed,  unimpeded,  un> 
checked. 

Unhinge,  v.  a.     I,   Remove  from  the  hinges. 

2.  Disorder,  confuse,  derange,  unsettle,  shat- 
ter. 

3.  Displace,  unfix. 
Unhitch,  v.  a.     Unfasten,  loose. 

Unholy,  a.  I.  Unhallowed,  unsanctified,  profane, 
ungodly. 

2.  Undevout,  irreligious,  ungodly,  impious, 
irreverent,  wicked,  sinful,  profane,  evil. 

Unhonored,  a.     Inglorious,  renownless. 

Unhorse,  v.  a.     Dismount,  throw  from  a  horse. 

Unhurt,  a.  Uninjured,  unharmed,  safe  and  sound, 
safe. 

Unicorn-fish,  «.  (/cA.)  Sea-unicom,  narwhal, 
unicorn-whale- 

Unideal,  a.     Real,  actual,  material,  substantial. 

Unification,  «.  Union,  junction  {so  as  to  become 
one),  incorporation. 

Uniflorous,  <z.     {Bot.)    One-flowered. 

Unifoliate,  a.    (Bot.)    One-leaved. 

Uniform,  a.  l.  Undeviating,  unvarying,  unva- 
ried, unchanged,  regular,  constant,  equable,  alike. 

2.  Consonant,  consistent. 

3.  Consistent. 

Uniformity,  «.  I.  Sameness,  regularity,  uni- 
formness,  even  tenor. 

2.  Consonance,  conformity,  unanimity,  agree- 
ment. 

3.  Con5;istency,  sameness. 

4.  Similitude  between  the  parts  of  a  whole. 

5.  Continued  sameness,  unvaried  likeness. 
Unify,  V.  a.     Cause  to  be  one,  make  into  a  unit, 

unite,  view  as  one. 
Unijugate,  a.     {Bot.)     Paired,  binate. 
Unilluminated,  a.     Unenlightened,  obscure,  dark, 

rayless,  darksome,  dusky,  gloomy,  sombre,  lurid, 

shadowv,  dim,  murky,  shady,  sunless,  dismal. 
Unilocular,  a.     (Bot)    One-celled. 
Unimaginable,  a.     Inconceivable,  that  cannot  be 

imagined  or  conceived. 
Unimaginative,  a.     Literal,  practical,  unpoetical, 

unromantic,  prosaic,  matter-of-fact. 
Unimpaired,  a.     Uninjured,  undiminished. 
Unimpassioned,  a.     Calm,    cool,    tranquil,    quiet, 

dispassionate,  impassive,  sober,  placid. 


Unimpeachable,  a.  Blameless,  unexceptionable, 
irreproachable,  irreprehensible,  unchallengeable. 

Unimponance,  n.  Insignificance,  paltriness,  emp- 
tiness, triviality,  nothingness. 

Unimportant,  a.  Insignificant,  trivial,  trifling, 
inconsiderable,  small,  slight,  petty,  of  no  conse- 
quence, of  no  moment. 

UnimpOSing,  a.     Unimpressive,  ineffective. 

Unimpressible,  a.  Unsusceptible,  impassive,  im- 
passible, passionless,  apathetic,  phlegmatic,  sto- 
ical, Platonic,  cold,  tame,  obtuse,  torpid,  callous, 
dead,  cold-blooded,  without  sensibility,  destitute 
of  feeling. 

Unimproved,  a.  I.  Untaught,  untutored,  unen- 
lightened, uneducated,  undeveloped. 

2.  Unused,  unemployed. 

3.  Uncultivated,  untilled,  unoccupied. 
Unincumbered,  a.     Unburdened,  untrammelled. 
Uninfluenced,    a.    Unmoved,    untouched,    unaf- 
fected. 

Uninformed,  a.     Uninstructed,  unenlightened. 

Uninhabited,  a.  Deserted,  unfrequented,  solitary, 
lone,  secluded,  without  inhabitants,  abandoned, 
forsaken. 

Uninitiated,  a.  Uninformed,  uninstructed,  unen- 
lightened, ignorant. 

Uninjured,  a.  Unharmed,  unhurt,  undamaged, 
sound. 

Uninspired,  a.  Unstirred,  unmoved,  untouched, 
unaffected,  uninfluenced. 

Uninstructed,  a.  Untaught,  unenlightened,  un- 
educated, uninformed,  ignorant. 

Unintellectual,  a.  Stupid,  dull,  obtuse,  stolid, 
doltish,  blockish,  stockish,  heavy,  shallow,  fool- 
ish, simple,  soft,  sappy,  unintelligent,  dull-witted, 
blunt-witted,  weak-minded,  feeble-minded,  half- 
witted, shallow-brained. 

Unintelligent,  a.    Stupid,  dull,  obtuse. 

Unintelligible,  a.     Incomprehensible. 

Unintended,  a.     See  Unmntentional. 

Unintentional,  a.  Undesigned,  unpurposed,  un- 
premeditated, involuntary,  accidental,  fortuitous, 
casual. 

Uninteresting,  a.  Dull,  tiresome,  tedious,  weari- 
some, wearying,  stupid. 

Unintermitted,  a.     See  Uninterrupted. 

Uninterrupted,  a.  Incessant,  unceasing,  unin- 
termitted, continual,  constant,  perpetual,  un- 
broken, continuous. 

Uninvited,  a.     Unbidden,  unasked. 

Uninviting,  a.  Unattractive,  unpleasant,  disa- 
greeable. 

Union,  «  I.  Junction,  combination,  coalition, 
conjunction,  unification,  incorporation. 

2.  Harmony,    concord,     agreement,    concert, 
unison,  unanimity,  unity,  concurrence. 

3.  Confederacy,  alliance,  league,  association. 

4.  Marriage. 

Unique,  a.  Single  {in  kind  or  excelleiice),  sole, 
unmatched,  unexampled,  singular,  peculiar,  un- 
common, rare,  exceptional,  sui  getter  is. 

Unison,  n.  Agreement,  accordance,  accord,  con- 
cord, harmony. 

Unit,  «.     One. 

Unite,  V.  a.     I.  Join,  combine,  connect. 

2.  Attach,  cause  to  cohere. 

3.  Join. 

4.  Incorporate,  amalgamate,  embody,  consoli- 
date, centralize,  blend,  merge. 

5.  Associate,  couple,  conjoin,  connect,  link. 
Unite,   V.  n.     I.    Concur,    agree,   co-operate,  join 

forces,  pull  together,  act  in  concert. 

2.  Coalesce,    combine,     league,     confederate, 
form   a  league,    form   an   alliance. 

3.  Be  consolidated,  be  cemented,  become  one, 
grow  together. 

Unity,  n.     I.   Oneness,  singleness,  individuality. 


UNIVERSAL 


459 


UNMISTAKABLE 


2.  Sameness,  uniformity. 

3.  Concord,  harmony,  agreement,  uniformity, 
unanimity,  unison,  concert,  union. 

Vniyersal,  a.  I.  Unlimited,  all-reaching,  catho- 
lic, general,  without  exception. 

2.  Total,  whole,  entire. 

3.  All,  comprising  all  particulars. 

4.  Ecumenical,  general. 

Universalf  «.  (Lo^.)  I.  General  notion  or  con- 
ception, concept,  notion,  idea  {in  the  Platonic 
sense). 

2.    Universal  proposition. 

XTnlversality,  «.  Generality,  catholicity,  unlim- 
ited application. 

Universal  language.     Pasigraphy,  pasilaly. 

UniversaUy,  a^.  Without  exception,  uniformly, 
invariably,  in  all  cases,  in  every  instance. 

Universal  medicine.     Panacea,  catholicon. 

Universe,  «.  World,  cosmos,  nature,  whole  cre- 
ation, all  created  things. 

University,  «.  Seminary  of  learning  {of  the  high- 
est class),  literary  institution,  universal  school. 

Unjust,  a.  I.  Inequitable,  partial,  unfair,  wrong, 
wrongful. 

2.  Unrighteous,    wicked,    wrong,    iniquitous, 
nefarious,  flagitious,  heinous. 

3.  Unfair,   partial,   uncandid,  prejudiced,  bi- 
assed, one-sided. 

Unjustifiable,  a.    I.  Unwarrantable,  indefensible, 

wrong,  unjust. 
2.    Inexcusable,  unpardonable. 
Unkind,  a.     Unfriendly,  ungracious,  unsympathiz- 

ing,    ungenial,    unamiable,    disobliging,     harsh, 

cruel. 
Unkindly,  a.     I.    Unkind,  harsh,  hard. 

2.  Unnatural. 

3.  Unfavorable,  malignant. 
Unknowingly,  ad.     Ignorantly,  unwittingly. 
Unknown,  a.     I.    Unascertained. 

2.  Unexplored,  uninvestigated. 

3.  Mysterious,    mystic,    hidden,    dark,    enig- 
matical. 

4.  Without  the  knowledge  of. 

5.  Obscure,    undistinguished,    nameless,    un- 
noted, unhonored,  renownless,  inglorious. 

Unlace,  v.  a.  Loose,  loosen,  unloose,  untie,  un- 
fasten, unbind. 

Unlade,  v.  a.     I.   Unload,  take  out  the  cargo  of. 
2.    Discharge,  unload,  remove. 

Unladylike,  a.  Ungentle,  ill-bred,  unmannerly, 
rude,  uncivil,  impolite,  ungracious. 

Unlamented,  a.  Unwept,  unmourned,  unregretted, 
undeplored. 

Unlawful,  a.     I.    Illegal,  illicit,  unlicensed. 

2.  Illegitimate,  bastard,  spurious. 

3.  Undue,  unauthorized,  unwarranted,  unjus- 
tified. 

Unlearned,  a.  I.  Uneducated,  unlettered,  illit- 
erate, ignorant,  uninstructed. 

2.  Unknown,  unstudied. 

3.  Unscholarly. 

Unless,  conj.     Except,  if  not,  supposing  that  not. 
Unlettered,  a.     See  Unlearned. 
Unlicensed,  a.     Unlawful,   illicit,   forbidden,   pro- 
hibited, unauthorized. 
Unlicked,  a.     Shapeless,  unformed. 
Unlike,  a.     I.    Dissimilar,  different. 

2.  Dissimilar,  heterogeneous. 

3.  Different,  diverse. 
Unlikelibood,  «.     Improbability,  unlikeliness. 
UnUkely,  a.     I.    Improbable. 

2.    Unpromising. 
Unlikeness,  «.     Dissimilarity,  dissimilitude. 
Unlimited,  a.     I.   Boundless,    unbounded,    limit- 
less, infinite. 

2.  Unrestricted,  unconstrained,  absolute. 

3.  Undefined,  indefinite. 


Unliquidated,  a.     Unsettled,  unpaid. 

Unlistening,  a.  Inattentive,  deaf,  unheeding, 
heedless. 

Unload,  V.  a.     I.  Discharge,  unlade,  disburden. 
2.   Relieve,  disburden,  unburden,  lighten,  free 
from. 

Unlock,  7/.  a.     I.   Unfasten,  unbolt. 
2.  Open,  lay  open. 

Unlodge,  V.  a.     Dislodge. 

Unlocked  for.     Unexpected,  unforeseen. 

Unloose,  v.  a.  Unbind,  loose,  loosen,  untie,  un- 
fasten, unbuckle. 

Unlovely,  a.  I.  Unlovable,  unamiable,  disagree- 
able, unpleasant. 

2.   Unattractive,  plain,  homely,  ugly,  uncome- 
ly, ill-favored. 

Unluckily,  ad.  Unfortunately,  as  ill-luck  would 
have  it,  in  an  evil  hour. 

Unlucky,  a.  I.  Unfortunate,  unsuccessful,  luck- 
less, ill-starred,  ill-fated. 

2.  Inauspicious,  ill-omened. 

3.  Unhappy,  miserable. 

4.  (Colloq.)     Mischievous,  waggish. 
Unmaidenly,  a.     Immodest,  bold,  forward,  indeli- 
cate. 

Unman,  v.  a.  I.  Emasculate,  castrate,  geld,  de- 
prive of  virility. 

2.  Dishearten,  discourage,  make  despondent, 
deject. 

3.  Weaken,  debilitate,   effeminate,  emolliate, 
enfeeble,  unnerve,  make  effeminate. 

4.  Deprive  of  men. 
Unmanageable,  a.     I.    Not  easily  governed. 

2.  Unwieldy,    unhandy,     cumbersome,     cum- 
brous, awkward,  incommodious,  inconvenient. 

3.  Intractable,  unruly,  refractory,  vicious. 

4.  Difficult,  impracticable. 

Unmanly,  a.     I.    Effeminate,  womanish,' weak. 
2.    Base,  ignoble,  mean,  ungenerous,  cowardly, 
dastardly. 

Unmannered,  a.     See  Unmannerly. 

Unmannerly,  a.  Impolite,  uncivil,  uncourteous, 
ungracious,  rude,  rough,  unmannered,  ill-man- 
nered, ill-bred. 

Unmanufactured,  a.     Raw,  in  the  natural  state. 

Unmarried,  a.     .Single,  spouseless,  un wedded. 

Unmask,  v.  a.  Expose,  lay  open,  strip  of  disguise, 
disclose. 

Unmatched,  a.  I.  Unequalled,  unparalleled, 
matchless,  unexampled,  unrivalled,  unparagoned, 
without  an  equal,  consummate,  incomparable, 
peerless. 

2.    Odd,  single  {of  a  pair  ox  set). 

Unmeaning,    a.      I.    Meaningless,    insignificant, 
senseless. 
2.    Inexpressive,  unintelligent,  insignificant. 

Unmeasured,    a.     I.    Unsparing,    unstinted,    un- 
stinting, lavish. 
2.    Measureless,  immense,  infinite. 

Unmeet,  a.  Improper,  unfit,  unbecoming,  un- 
seemly. 

Unmelodious,  a.  Harsh,  unmusical,  discordant, 
inharmonious. 

Unmentionable,  a.  Scandalous,  infamous,  dis- 
reputable. 

Unmerchantable,  a.    Unsalable 

Unmerciful,  a •  I.  Merciless,  cruel,  inexorable, 
inhuman,  pitiless,  unpitying,  ruthless,  unrelent- 
ing, unsparing. 

2.   (Colloq.)     Exorbitant,  extravagant,  uncon- 
scionable, excessive. 

Unmerited,  a.     Undeserved. 

Unmindful,  a.     Careless,  inattentive,  heedless,  re- 

f;ardless,  unobservant,  negligent,  forgetful,  mind- 
ess,  oblivious. 
Unmistakable,  a.     Clear,  evident,  palpable,  plain, 
manifest,  obvious,  patent,  open,  visible,  unequiv 


UNMITIGATED 


460 


UNQUALIFIED 


ocal,  positive,    unambiguous,   pronounced,    de- 
cided, notorious. 

Unmitigated,  a.  Complete,  thorough,  absolute, 
consummate,  unqualified,  perfect. 

numLxed,  a.     I.    Unminp;led,  pure,  clear. 
2.    Pure,  sincere,  unalloyed,  unmingled. 

Unmolested,  a.     Undisturbed,  untroubled. 

Unmotheily,  a.     Unnatural 

Unmourned,  a.  Unwept,  uulamented,  unregretted, 
undeplored. 

Unmoved,  a.  I.  Firm,  steadfast,  unwavering, 
unswerving,  unfaltering,  constant. 

2.  Calm,  collected,  self-possessed,  cool,  undis- 
turbed, quiet. 

3.  Indifferent,    insensible,     unaffected,     un- 
touched, unstirred,  wiih  dry  eyes,  without  a  tear. 

Unmurmuring,  a.  Uncomplaining,  patient,  long- 
suffering. 

Unmusical,  a.  Discordant,  harsh,  inharmonic, 
inharmonical,  unharmonious. 

Unnatural,  a.  I.  Unusual,  uncommon,  anoma- 
lous, irregular,  abnormal,  aberrant,  monstrous, 
preternatural,  prodigious. 

2.  Heartless,  brutal,  stony-hearted,  inhuman, 
unfeeling. 

3.  Forced,    strained,    stilted,    affected,    con- 
strained,  artificial. 

4.  Factitious,  artificial. 

Unnecessary,  a.  Needless,  useless,  superfluous, 
uncalled  for. 

Unneighborly,  a.     I.     Unfriendly,   unkind,  un- 
kindly. 
2.   Unsociable 

Unnerve,  v.  a.     Weaken,  enfeeble. 

Unnoted,  a.      I.    Unheeded,   disregarded,   over- 
looked. 
2.   Unhonored. 

Unnoticed,  a.  Unobserved,  neglected,  overlooked, 
disregarded,  slighted,  ignored,  unheeded. 

Unnnmt)ered,  a.  Innumerable,  numberless,  count- 
less, untold. 

Unobjectionable,  a.     Unexceptionable. 

Unobservant,  a.  Heedless,  careless,  inattentive, 
unmindful,  unobserving. 

Unobserved,  a.  Unnoticed,  unperceived,  unre- 
garded,  unseen,  unheeded. 

Unobstructed,  a.  Unhindered,  unimpeded,  open, 
clear. 

Unobtainable,  a.     Unattainable. 

Unobtrusive,  a.  Modest,  retiring,  unostentatious, 
unpretending,  unpretentious,  unassuming. 

Unoccupied,  a.  I.  Vacant,  empty,  tenantless, 
untenanted,  uninhabited. 

2.  Vacant,  unthinking,  thoughtless. 

3.  Spare,  leisure,  unemployed,  idle- 
Unoffending,  a.     Harmless,  blameless,  inoffensive, 

innocent. 

Unofficial,  a.     Private,  unprofessional. 

Unofficious,  a.     Retiring,  modest,  backward. 

Unopened,  a.     Shut,  closed. 

Unorganized,  a.  Inorganic,  inorganical,  without 
organs,  without  organization. 

Unorthodox,  a.     Heterodox,  heretical. 

Unostentatious,  a.     I,    Modest,  unobtrusive,  re- 
tiring, unpretending,  unpretentious,  unassuming. 
2.    Quiet,  subdued,  inconspicuous. 

Unowned,  a.     I.    Ownerless. 

2.   Unacknowledged,  unadmitted,  unavowed. 

Unpaid,  a.     Unsettled,  owing,  due,  outstanding. 

Unpalatable,  a.     I.    Vapid,  savorless,  unsavory. 

2.  Disagreeable  {to  the  tasie),  unpleasant,  dis- 
gusting, nauseous,  offensive. 

3.  Bitter,   distasteful,    disagreeable,   unpleas- 
ant. 

Unpara?oned,  a.     See  Unparalleled. 
Unparalleled,  a      Unexampled,  unequalled,  unri- 
valled, unmatched,  matchless,  peerless,  inimita- 


ble, unparagoned,  unprecedented,  without  a  par- 
allel, incomparable. 

Unpardonable,  «.  Inexcusable,  indefensible,  un- 
justifiable, irremissible,  inexpiable,  unatonable 

Unperceived,  a.  Unnoticed,  unregarded,  unob- 
served,  undescried,   unseen. 

Unpitying,  a  Relentless,  unrelenting,  pitiless, 
uncompassionate,  cruel,  ruthless,  merciless,  un- 
merciful, savage,  implacable,  unsparing. 

Unpleasant,  a.  Unpleasiug,  disagreeable,  dis- 
pleasing, unwelcome,  unacceptable,  unpalatable, 
repulsive,  obnoxious,   offensive,  ungrateful. 

Unpleasing,  a.  Displeasing,  disagreeable,  un- 
pleasant, repulsive,  offensive. 

Unpliant,  a.  Stiff,  inflexible,  rigid,  unbending, 
unyielding. 

Unpoetic,      I  a.      Prosy,    prosaic,    commonplace, 

Unpoetical,  I      matter-of-fact. 

Unpolished,  a.     I.    Rough,  not  polished. 

2.  Rude,  uncivilized,  unrefined,  ungraceful, 
untrained,  untaught,  undisciplined,  barbarous,  il- 
literate, rustic. 

Unpolluted,  a.  Pure,  undefiled,  uncorrupted,  un- 
vitiated,  immaculate. 

Unpopular,  a  Disliked  {by  the  People),  obnox- 
ious {generally). 

Unpractical,  a.     I.  Theoretical. 

2.  Speculative,  contemplative,  Platonic,  philo- 
sophical, given  to  speculation. 

Unpractised,  a.  Untrained,  inexperienced,  un- 
skilled, raw,  unaccustomed,  inexpert. 

Unprecedented,  a.  Unexampled,  novel,  new,  ex- 
ceptional. 

Unprejudiced,  a.  Unbiassed,  unprepossessed, 
unwarped,   impartial,  fair. 

Unpremeditated,  a.  Unstudied,  extemporaneous, 
extempore,  impromptu,  spontaneous,  off-hand. 

Unprepared,  a.     I.    Unready. 

2.  Unqualified,  unfitted. 
Unprepossessed,  a.    See  Unprejudiced. 
Unprepossessing,  a.     Unattractive,  repulsive. 
Unpresuming,  a.     Modest,  humble,  retiring,  un- 

presumptuous. 
Unpretending,  a.     Modest,  unassuming,  retiring, 

unobtrusive,  unostentatious,  unpretentious. 
Unpretentious,  a.     See  Unpretending.    . 
Unprevented,  tr.     Unhindered. 
Unprincipled,  a.     Immoral,  wicked,  vicious,  bad, 

knavish,  roguish,  dishonest,  trickish,  iniquitous, 

profligate,  villanous,  tricky  {coilog.). 
Unprocreant,  a.    See  Unproductive. 
Unproductive,  a.     I.    Unfruitful,  barren,  unpro- 

lific,  sterile,  unprocreant. 
2>    Unprofitable,  unremunerative. 

3.  Inefficient,  ineffectual,  without  effect. 
Unprofitable,  a.     I.   Worthless,  sterile,  poor,  un- 
productive, unfruitful,  barren. 

2.  Useless,  futile,  bootless,  fruitless,  unavail- 
ing. 

3.  Worthless,  unremunerative,  useless,  poor. 

4.  Barren,  unfruitful,  unserviceable. 
Unpromis.^ng,  a.     I.    Inauspicious,  unpropitious, 

unfavorable,  unlucky,  untoward,  ill-omened,  not 

encouraging,  not  promising. 
2.    Unlikely. 
Unpropitious,     a.       Unfavorable,     inauspicious, 

unpromising. 
Unprosperous,     a.      Unfortunate,     luckless,     un- 
lucky,  unsuccessful,  ill-starred. 
Unprotected,  a.    Defenceless,  unguarded ,  exposed, 

undefended,  unshielded. 
Unprovided  with.     Without,  destitute  of,  devoid 

of,  unsupplied  with. 
Unpunctual,  a.     Tardy,  dilatory,  behindhand,  late. 
Unpurified,  a.     Unclean. 
Unqualified,    a.      I.     Incompetent,    unfit,    una- 

dapted. 


UNQUENCHABLE 


461 


UNSEASONED 


2.  Absolute,  unconditional,  unmeasured,  un- 
restricted, thorough,  plump,  full,  direct,  down- 
right, decided. 

3.  Exaggerated,  sweeping. 
UOQuenchable,  a.     Unextinguishable,  quenchless, 

slakeless,  unslakable,  that  cannot  be  quenched. 

UnQuestionable,  a.  I.  Indisputable,  incontro- 
vertible, indubitable,  undeniable,  irrefragable, 
incontestable,  irrefutable,  cenain,  evident,  ob- 
vious, beyond  all  question,  beyond  a  doubt,  past 
dispute. 

2.  Undeniable,  indisputable,  indubitable,  un- 
mistakable. 

nnqaestioned,  a.     I.    Undoubted,  undisputed. 

2.  Unexamined,  having  no  questions  asked. 

3.  Indisputable,  not  to  be  opposed. 
UllQuiet,  a.     I.    Uneasy,  restless,  fidgety  {colloq.). 

2.    Disturbed,  agitated,  restless,  uneasy. 
Unravel,  v.  a.     I.   Disentangle,  extricate,  ravel, 
untwist. 

2.  Unfold,  decipher,  interpret,  understand, 
resolve,  solve,  explain,  read,  clear  up,  make  out. 

3.  Confuse,  throw  into  disorder. 

Unreadable,  a.    Illegible. 

Unready,  a.     I.   Unprepared. 

2.  Unfit,  unqualified. 

3.  Slow,  slack,  awkward,  clumsy,  unhandy. 
Unreal,  a:      Insubstantial,    unsubstantial,   imagi- 
nary, shadowy,  visionary,  spectral,  ghostly. 

Unreasonable,  a.  I.  Irrational,  foolish,  unwise, 
absurd,  silly,  preposterous,  senseless,  stupid,  in- 
judicious, nonsensical,  anphilosophical, ill-judged. 
2.  Exorbitant,  extravagant,  unfair,  unjust,  ex- 
tortionate, excessive. 

Unreasonableness,  «.    I.  Absurdity,  foolishness, 

folly,  irrationality. 
2.   Exorbitancy,  immoderateness. 
Unrecognized,  a.     I.    Ignored:  overlooked,  disre- 
garded. 
2.   Unknown,  unacknowledged. 
Unreconcilable,   a.     I.     irreconcilable,   inconsis- 
tent,   incongruous,  antagonistic,  incompatible. 

2.  Implacable,  unappeasable,  unforgiving. 

3.  Hostile,  unfriendly. 
Unredeemed,  a.     I.    Unransomed,  forfeited. 

2.    Unfulfilled,  unperformed. 

Unreflecting,  a.     Heedless,  thoughtless. 

Unregarded,  a.  Disregarded,  neglected,  un- 
heeded. 

Unregenerate,  a.    Unconverted. 

Unrelenting,  a.  I.  Inexorable,  implacable,  piti- 
less, relentless,  merciless,  ruthless,  unmerciful, 
uncompassionate,  hard,  cruel,  unpitying,  stern, 
harsh,  bitter,  austere,  rigorous,  remorseless,  un- 
sparins:. 
2.  Rigid,  severe,  inflexible,  inexorable. 

Unreliable,  a.  lAfod^rn,'}  Untrustworthy,  not 
to  be  depended  upon. 

Unremembered,  a.    Forgotten. 

Unremitting,  a.  Unceasing^  continual,  persever- 
ing, constant,  unabated,  mcessant,  assiduous, 
sedulous,  diligent,   indefatigable,   unwearied. 

Unremnnerative,  a.     Unprofitable,  unproductive. 

Unrepentant,  a.  Impenitent,  seared,  hardened, 
callous,  incorrigible,  irreclaimable,  obdurate, 
abandoned,  lost,  graceless,  shameless,  profligate, 
recreant. 

Unrequited,  a.    Unretumed,  unrewarded. 

Unreserved,  a.     I.    Full,  entire,  unlimited. 

2.  Frank,  open,  candid,  ingenuous,  undesign- 
ing,  undissembling,  artless,  guileless,  sincere, 
honest,  fair,  single-minded,  above-board,  open- 
hearted. 

Unresisting,  a.  Submissive,  patient,  passive, 
long-suffering. 

Unresponsive,  a.     Unsympathetic,  irresponsive. 

Unrestrained,  a.     I.    Unchecked,  unhmdered. 


2.   Licentious,  loose,  dissolute. 

Unrestricted,    a.      I.      Unrestrained,    unlimited, 
free,  unconfined,  unbridled,  unfettered,    indepen- 
dent. 
2.   Unobstructed,  open,  public,  clear. 

Unrevealed,  a.  Secret,  hidden,  unknown,  undis- 
covered, occult. 

Unrewarded,  a.     Unpaid,  unrecompensed. 

Unriddle,  v.  a.  Solve,  explain,  expound,  unfold, 
unravel. 

Unrighteons,  a.  I.  Wicked,  ungodly,  unholy, 
sinful,   wrong,   evil,  vicious. 

2.  Unjust,  unfair,  iniquitous,  inequitable,  ne- 
farious, heinous. 

Unripe,  a.     I,    Immature,  green,  crude. 

2.     Incomplete,    immature,  crude,  unfinished. 

Unrivalled,  a.  Unequalled,  unparalleled,  peerless, 
matchless,  incomparable,  inimitable,  of  the  best, 
without  a  rival,  of  the  first  water. 

Unrobe,  v.  a.     Undress,  disrobe. 

UnroU,  V.  a.     I.    Unfold,  open. 

2.  Display,  lay  open. 

3.  Develop,  evolve,  unfold,  open. 
Unromantic,  a.     Literal,  prosaic,  matter-of-fact. 
Unroot,  V.  a.     Extirpate,  eradicate,   uproot,  root 

out,  pull  up  by  the  roots. 

Unrunied,  a.  I.  Calm,  tranquil,  quiet,  still, 
placid,  peaceful,  serene,  smooth. 

2.  Placid,  peaceful,  philosophical,  collected, 
serene,  unmoved,  imperturbable,  composed,  cool, 
undisturbed,  calm,  tranquil. 

Unruly,  a.     I.    Turbulent,  imgoveniable,  refrac- 
tory, disobedient,  insubordinate,  mutinous,  riot- 
ous, seditious,  rebellious,  disorderly,  headstrong. 
2.    Refractory,  vicious,   stubborn,   unmanage- 
able, ungovernable,  rebellious. 

Unsafe,  a.  Dangerous,  perilous,  hazardous,  inse- 
cure, full  of  risk. 

Unsaid,  a.     Unuttered,  unmentioned,  unspoken. 

Unsanctified,  a.     Unholy,  unhallowed,  profane. 

Unsated,  a.     Unsatiated,  unsatisfied. 

Unsatiated,  a.     See  Unsated. 

Unsatisfactory,  a.     I.    Insufficient. 

2.  Disappointing. 

3.  Lame,  poor,  weak,  feeble. 
Unsatisfied,  «.     I.    Unsated,  unsatiated. 

2.  Dissatisfied,  discontented,  displeased,  mal- 
content. 

3.  Unpaid. 

Unsavory,  a.  I.  Unpalatable,  tasteless,  insipid, 
flat,  vapid,  savorless,  mawkish. 

2.  Unpleasing,  disgusting,  nauseous,  oflfensive, 
rank. 

Unsay,  v.  a.     Retract,  recall,  recant,  take  back. 

Unscathed,  a.     Uninjured,  unharmed. 

Unschooled,    a.       I.    Uneducated,    uninstructed, 
ignorant. 
2.    Undisdplined,  untrained. 

Unscrupulous,  a.  Unprincipled,  unrestrained, 
ruthless,  reckless,  unconscientious,  without  scru- 
ples, regardless  of  principle. 

Unsealed,  a.     Open,  without  a  seal,  unclosed. 

Unsearchable,  a.  inscrutable,  incomprehensible, 
mysterious,  hidden,  that  cannot  be  found  out  or 
known  bv  searching,  past  finding  out. 

Unseasonable,  a.  I.  Inopportune*  untimely,  ill- 
timed,  inappropriate,  out  of  season. 

2.  Late,  too  late. 

3.  Ill-timed,  unfit,  untimely^  unsuitable,  un- 
welcome, ungrateful,  inappropriate. 

4.  Premature,  too  early. 
Unseasonably,  ad.     Untimely,   at   an    unsuitable 

time,  unsuitably,  malapropos. 
Unseasoned,  a       I.    Unqualified,   inexperienced, 
unaccustomed,  untrained. 

2.  Irregular,  inordinate,  immoderate. 

3.  Green. 


UNSEEING 


462 


UNSURPASSED 


4.   Fresh,  unsalted. 

Unseeing,  a.     Blind,  sightless. 

Unseemly,  a.  Improper,  indecorous,  unbecoming, 
unmeet,  unfit,  unbefitting,  indecent,  unsuitable, 
inappropriate. 

Unseen,  a.      I,   Unperceived,  unobserved,  undis- 
covered. 
2.    Invisible,  indiscoverable. 

Unseliisb,  a.  Disinterested,  generous,  liberal, 
magnanimous,  high-minded. 

Unserviceable,  a.  I.  Useless,  unsound,  ill- 
conditioned. 

2.  Unprofitable,  useless,  profitless. 

3.  Useless. 

Unsettle,  v.  a.  Derange,  disturb,  disconcert,  unfix, 
confuse,  disorder,  throw  into  disorder,  unhinge. 

Unsettled,  a.  I.  Wavering,  restless,  vacillat- 
ing, fickle,  unsteady,  unstable,  changeable,  not 
steady. 

2.  Unequal,  changeable,  inequable. 

3.  Turbid,  roily,  roiled,  feculent,  muddy. 

4.  Uninhabited,  without  inhabitants. 

5.  Undetermined,  open,  unadjusted. 

6.  Unpaid,  owing,  due,  outstanding. 
Unsliackle,    v.    a.       Unfetter,    unchain,   unbind, 

liberate,    emancipate,    set    free,  set    at    liberty, 
release. 

Unshaken,  a.     I.   Unmoved,  firm,  steady. 
2.    Resolute,  firm,  steadfast,  steady. 

Unsliapen,  a.  Deformed,  misshapen,  shapeless, 
ill-formed,  ill-made,  ill-shaped,  grotesque,  ugly, 
uncouth. 

Unsheltered,  a.     Exposed,  unprotected. 

Unshrinking,  a.  Unblenching,  persisting,  deter- 
mined, unflinching,  firm,  resolute. 

Unshroud,  v.  a.  Uncover,  discover,  expose, 
reveal. 

Unsightly,  a.  Ugly,  deformed,  disagreeable  to 
the  sight,  hideous,  repulsive. 

Unskilful,  a.  Awkward,  bungling,  unhandy, 
clumsy,  maladroit,  unskilled,  inapt,  inexpert, 
without  dexterity. 

Unskilled,  a.     I.    Inexperienced,  undrllled,  unex- 
ercised, unpractised,  undisciplined,  uneducated, 
unschooled,  unprepared,  raw. 
2.   See  Unskilful. 

Unslacked,  a.     Unslaked. 

Unslaked,  a.     I.    Unslacked. 
2.   Unquenched. 

Unsleeping,  a.     Wakeful,  watchful,  unslumbering. 

Unsmirched,  a.    Unpolluted,  undefiled,  unspotted. 

Unsociable,  a.  Reserved,  taciturn,  unsocial,  soli- 
tary, uncompanionable,  ungenial,  uncommunica- 
tive, averse  to  society. 

Unsocial,  a.     See  Unsociable. 

Unsoiled,  a.  Untarnished,  unstained,  unsullied, 
unspotted,  spotless,  clean. 

Unsolder,  v.  a.  Separate,  disunite,  divide,  sunder, 
unsoder. 

Unsophisticated,  a.  I.  Pure,  unadulterated, 
genuine. 

2.  Guileless,  undepraved,  good,  unpolluted, 
unvitiated,  innocent. 

3.  Artless,  simple,  natural,  unaffected,  sincere, 
ingenuous,  straightforward,  honest,  undesigning. 

Unsought,  a.      I.    Unrequested,   unasked,   unso- 
licited. 
2.   Avoided,  shunned,  eschewed. 

Unsound,  a.  I.  Defective,  imperfect,  impaired, 
decayed,  rotten. 

2.  Diseased,  sickly,  weakly,  poorly,  infirm, 
unhealthy,  morbid,  feeble. 

3.  Erroneous,  wrong,  false,  fallacious,  incor- 
rect, deceitful,  sophistical,  illogical,  defective, 
untenable,  invalid,  unsubstantial,  faulty,  hollow. 

4.  Deceitful,  dishonest,  untrustworthy. 

5.  Insincere,  false,  unfaithful,  untrue. 


6.  Questionable,  defective. 

7.  Disturbed,  light. 

8.  Thin,  weak. 

9.  Insubstantial,  unreal. 

10.  Heterodox,  heretical,  unorthodox,  defec- 
tive. 

Unsi>aring,  a.  I.  Liberal,  profuse,  lavish,  boun- 
tiful, generous,  ungrudging. 

2.  Unmerciful,  unforgiving,  severe,  harsh, 
rigorous,  inexorable,  relentless,  ruthless^  uncom- 
promising. 

Unspeakable,  a.  Inexpressible,  unutterable,  in- 
effable, indescribable,  beyond  expression. 

Unspiritual,  a.     Sensual,  carnal,  fleshly. 

Unspotted,  a.  I.  Unstained,  unsoiled,  untar- 
nished, unsullied,  spotless,  clean. 

2.  Pure,  uncorrupted,  untainted,  unblemished, 
imtamished,  unsullied,  spotless,  stainless,  clean, 
undefiled,  immaculate. 

Unstable,  a.  I.  Unsteady,  insecure,  unsafe,  pre- 
carious. 

2.  Inconstant,  changeable,  unsteady,  fickle, 
weak,  vacillating,  irresolute,  wavering,  erratic. 

Unstableness,  «.     Instability. 

Unstained,  a.      I.    Untinged,  undyed,  uncolored, 
colorless. 
2.   See  Unspotted. 

Unsteadfast,  a.     Fickle,  unsteady. 

Unsteady,  a.  I.  Unsettled,  fluctuating,  oscil- 
lating. 

2.  Inconstant,  fickle,  unstable,  changeable, 
wavering,  mutable,  variable,  ever-changing. 

3.  Tottering,  wavering,  vacillating. 
Unstinted,  a.     Abundant,  ample,  plentiful,  large, 

full,  lavish,  bountiful. 

Unstrung,  a.  Unnerved,  weak,  shaken,  over- 
come. 

Unstudied,  a.     I.    Unpremeditated,  spontaneous, 
extempore,     extemporaneous,     impromptu,    off- 
hand. 
2.   Unskilled,  inexpert,  unversed. 

Unsubdued;  a     Unbroken,  untamed,  unconquered. 

Unsubmissive,  a.  Disobedient,  uncomplying,  re- 
fractory, obstinate,  contumacious,  unruly,  per- 
verse, unyielding,  indocile,  insubordinate,  ungov- 
ernable, unmanageable. 

Unsubstantial,  a.  I.  Light,  flimsy,  gossamery, 
thin. 

2.  Unreal,  imaginary,  chimerical,  visionary, 
ideal,  illusory,  fantastical. 

3.  Unsound,  untenable,  weak,  flimsy,  falla- 
cious, erroneous,  illogical. 

Unsuccessful,  a.  I.  Unavailing,  ineffectual,  abor- 
tive, fruitless,  bootless,  profitless,  vain,  futile,  in 
vain. 

2.  Luckless,  unfortunate,  unlucky,  unprosper- 
ous,  ill-starred,  ill-fated,  unhappy. 

Unsuitable,  a.  I.  Unfit,  inappropriate,  unsuited, 
ill-adapted. 

2.  Improper,  unbecoming,  unfitting,  incongru- 
ous, out  of  keeping,  out  of  character,  out  of  place, 
in  bad  taste. 

Unsuitably,  ad.  Inappropriately,  unfitly,  un- 
timely, malapropos. 

Unsuited,  a.     Unfitted,  unqualified,  unadapted. 

Unsullied,  a.  I.  Unspotted,  unstained,  untar- 
nished, unsoiled,  spotless,  clean. 

2.  Pure,  untainted,  uncorrupted,  undefiled, 
immaculate,  unspoiled.  _ 

Unsupplied,  a.  Unprovided,  unfurnished,  desti- 
tute. 

Unsupported,  a.     I.   Unassisted,  unaided. 
2.    Unseconded,  unsustained,  unupiield. 

Unsurpassed,  a.  Unexcelled,  matchless,  un- 
equalled, unmatched,  unparalleled,  unrivalled, 
unexampled,  peerless,  unparagoned,  without  an 
equal. 


UNSUSCEPTIBLE 


463 


UNWEPT 


Unsusceptible,  a.  Unimpressible,  unimpression- 
able, impassive,  apathetic,  cold,  phlegmatic,  stoi- 
cal, msusceptible. 

Unsuspecting:,  a.  Unsuspicious,  credulous,  trust- 
ing, confiding. 

Unsuspicious,  a.  Unsuspecting,  having  no  suspi- 
cion. 

Unsustainable,  a.     I.    Insupportable,  intolerable. 
2.    Erroneous,  unmamtainable,  untenable,  con- 
trovertible. 

Unswerving,  a.     I.  Undeviating,  straight,  direct. 
2.   Firm,  determined,  resolute,   steady,  stead- 
fast, stanch,  stable,  constant,  unwavering. 

Unsymmetrical,  a.  Disproportionate,  irregular, 
out  of  projiortion,  without  symmetry. 

Unsystematic,      )  a.    Irregular,  disorderly,  imme- 

Unsystematical, )     thodical. 

Untainted,  a.  I.  Pure,  clean,  wholesome,  fresh, 
sweet,  healthy. 

2.    Pure,   uncorrupted,    undefiled,    unspotted, 
unsullied,  untarnished,  immaculate,  unstained. 

Untamable,  a.     Unconquerable. 

Untamed,  a.    Unbroken,  wild,  fierce. 

Untangle,  v.  a.     Disentangle. 

Untarnished,  a.  Unspotted,  unsullied,  unstained, 
unsoiled,  spotless,  clean,  unblemished. 

Untaught,  <z.  Ignorant,  uninstructed,  uneducated, 
untutored,  untrained,  uninformed,  unenlightened, 
unlettered,  illiterate. 

Untaxed,  a.     I.   Scot-free,  without  payment,  with- 
out expense. 
2.    Exempt  from  reproach. 

Unteachable,  a.     Indocile,  untractable. 

Untenable,  a.  I.  Unmaintainable,  indefensible, 
unsound. 

2.   Weak,  hollow,  fallacious,  unjustifiable,  in- 
defensible. 

Untenanted,  a.  Unoccupied,  tenantless,  uninhab- 
ited, empty,  deserted. 

Unterrified,  a.  Undaunted,  unscared,  undis- 
mayed, unappalled,  unawed,  fearless. 

Unthankful,  a.  Ungrateful,  thankless,  without 
gratitude. 

Unthinking,  a.  Thoughtless,  heedless,  careless, 
inconsiderate,  unreflecting. 

Unthoughtful,  a.  Thoughtless,  inconsiderate, 
heedless,  careless. 

Unthought  of.  I.  Unconsidered,  undreamed 
of. 

2.  Unheeded,  neglected,  forgotten, overlooked, 
disregarded. 

Unthrift,  «.  (Rare.)  Prodigal,  spendthrift, 
squanderer. 

Unthrifty,  a.  Thriftless,  wasteful,  lavish,  pro- 
fuse., prodigal,  improvident,  extravagant. 

Untidy,  a.     Slovenly,  disorderly,  unneat. 

Untie,  V.  a.  I.  Loose,  loosen,  unfasten,  unbind, 
unloose. 

2.  Let  loose,  unbind. 

3.  Resolve,  solve,  clear,  unfold. 
Untied,  a.     Loose,  free. 

Until,  ad.  ox  conj.     I.  Till,  to  the  time  when  or 
that. 
2.  To  the  place,  point,  state,  or  degree  that. 

Until,  prep.     To,  till. 

Untimely,  a.  Ill-timed,  unseasonable,  mistimed, 
inopportune,  out  of  season,  premature. 

Untimely,  ad.  Unseasonably,  unsuuably,  at  an 
unsuitable  time. 

Untinged,  a.  Uncolored,  undyed,  unstained,  col- 
orless, hueless,  achromatic. 

Untiring,  a.  Unwearied,  indefatigable,  unremit- 
ting, unceasing,  incessant,  tireless,  patient. 

Untold,  a       I.    Unnumbered,  uncounted,  count- 
less, innumerable. 
2.   Unrelated,  unrevealed. 

Untouched,  a.    I.   Not  touched. 


2.  Intact,  uninjured,  unhurt,  scathless,  un- 
harmed. 

3.  Unmoved,  unaffected,  unstirred,  insensible. 
Untoward,  a.     I.    Froward,  perverse,  intractable, 

stubborn,  refractory. 

2.  Inconvenient,  unmanageable,  annoying, 
troublesome,  vexatious. 

3.  Awkward,  ungainly,  ungraceful,  uncouth. 
Untrained,  a.    Undisciplined,  uninstructed,  unedu- 
cated,   untutored,    inexperienced,   undrilled,  un- 
practised, unskilled,  ignorant. 

Untrammelled,  a.     Unhampered,  free. 

Untravelled,  a.  I.  Not  travelled  over,  unfre- 
quented by  travellers. 

2.  Not  experienced  as  a  traveller,  never  hav- 
ing travelled. 

Untried,  a.     I.   New,  fresh. 
2.   Undecided. 

Untrodden,  a.     Pathless,  trackless. 

Untroubled,  a.  Peaceful,  calm,  serene,  tranquil, 
unvexed,   undisturbed,  composed,  smooth. 

Untrue,  a.     I.    False,  contrary  to  fact. 

2.  Faithless,  treacherous,  recreant,  false,  dis- 
loyal, unfaithful,  perfidious 

Untrustworthy,  a.  Unreliable,  deceitful,  treach- 
erous, rotten,  not  to  be  depended  on. 

Untruth,  ».  I.  Falsehood,  treachery,  want  of 
fidehty. 

2.  Falsehood,  lie,  fiction,  fabrication,  story, 
forgery,  invention,  misstatement,  misrepresenta- 
tion. 

Untutored,  a.     I.   Uninstructed,  uneducated,  un- 
taught, undisciplined,  inexperienced,  uninitiated, 
undrilled,  ignorant. 
2.    Artless,  natural,  simple,  unsophisticated. 

Untwist,  V.  a.     Disentangle,  ravel,  unravel. 

Unused,  a.     I.    Unemployed,  untried. 
2.   Unaccustomed,  new,  unfamiliar. 

Unusual,  a.  Uncommon,  rare,  unwonted,  singu- 
lar, remarkable,  strange,  curious,  extraordinary, 
odd,  queer,  out  of  the  way. 

Unutterable,  a  Inexpressible,  ineffable,  unspeak- 
able, indescribable,  that  cannot  be  uttered,  be- 
yond expression. 

Unvacillatin?,  a.     Resolute,  stable,  unwavering. 

Unvanquishable,  a.     Unconquerable,  invincible. 

Unvarnished,  a.     I.    Unpolished. 

2.  Unembellished,  plain,  unadorned,  candid, 
simple,  true. 

Unvar3ring,  a.     Unchanging,  invariable. 

Unveil,  v.  a.     Disclose,  uncover,  expose,  show, 

Unvendible,  a.     Unsalable,  unmerchantable. 

Unveracious,  a.  Mendacious,  false,  lying,  un- 
truthful. 

Unversed,  a.     Unskilled,  ignorant. 

Unviolated,  a.     Unbroken,  inviolate,  unbetrayed. 

Unwarlike,  a.     Peaceful,  pacific. 

Unwarped,  a.  Impartial,  unbiassed,  unpreju- 
diced,  undistorted. 

Unwarrantable,  a.  Indefensible,  unjustifiable, 
improper. 

Unwary,  a.  Imprudent,  hasty,  incautious,  indis- 
creet, uncircumspect,  careless,  unguarded,  precip- 
itate, heedless,  rash. 

Unwavering,  a.  Constant,  steadfast,  steady,  un- 
hesitating, firm,  settled,  determined,  fixed, 
stanch,   resolute. 

Unwearied,  a.     I.    Not  fatigued. 

2.  Indefatigable,  persevering,  persistent,  con- 
stant, continual,  incessant,  unremitting,  unceas- 
ing. 

Unwelcome,  a.  Unpleasing,  ungrateful,  unac- 
ceptable, disagreeable,  unpleasant. 

Unwell,  a.  Ill,  ailing,  sick,  indisposed,  out  of 
sorts,  out  of  health,  on  the  sick  list,  laid  on  the 
shelf,  under  the  weather. 

Unwept,  a.   Unlamented,  unmoumed,  unregretted. 


UNWHOLESOME 


464 


URGENCY 


Unwholesome,  a.  I.  Insalubrious,  unhealthy, 
unhealthful,  noxious,  noisome,  deleterious,  bane- 
ful, poisonous,  injurious  to  health. 

2.  Pernicious  {to  the  mind),  injudicious,  un- 
sound. 

3.  Unsound,  corrupt,  tainted. 
XTnwieldy,    a.      Unmanageable    {from    size    or 

weight),    ponderous,    bulky,    weighty,     heavy, 
clumsy,  large. 

Unwilling:,  a.  Loath,  disinclined,  opposed,  averse, 
reluctant,  backward,  indisposed. 

Unwind,  v.  a.     I.   Wind  off. 
2.   Disentangle. 

Unwise,  a.  Foolish,  injudicious,  indiscreet,  im- 
prudent, ill-advised,  ill-judged,  weak. 

Unwitnessed,  a.     Unknown,  unseen,  unspied. 

Unwittingly,  ad.  Inadvertently,  unconsciously, 
ignqrantlv,  undesignedly,  unintentionally,  with- 
out knowing  it. 

Unwomanly,  a.  Unfeminine,  unbecoming  a 
woman. 

Unwonted,  a.     I.   Unusual,  uncommon,  rare,  in- 
frequent. 
2.    Unaccustomed,  unused. 

Unworkmanlike,  a.  Unskilful,  inartistic,  not 
workmanlike  or  workmanly,  unbecoming  a  work- 
man. 

Unworldly,  a-     Spiritual-minded. 

Unworthy,  a.     I.    Undeserving. 

2.  Worthless,  base,  bad. 

3.  Unbecoming,  base,  shameful,  bad,  vile. 

4.  Mean,  contemptible,  despicable,  discredita- 
ble, shabby,  paltry. 

Unworthy  oiE.     Discreditable  to,  disgraceful  to. 

Unwrap,  v.  a.     Open,  unfold. 

Unwrinkled,  a.     Unfurrowed,  smooth. 

Unwritten,  a.     Oral,  traditional. 

Unwrought,  a-  Unfashioned,  unformed,  rude, 
crude,   rough. 

Unyielding,  a.  I.  Inflexible,  constant,  steady, 
resolute,  steadfast,  stanch,  pertinacious,  deter- 
mined, indomitable. 

2.  Stubborn,  stiff,  obstinate,  wilful,  headstrong, 
intractable,  perverse,  wayward. 

3.  Stiff,  rigid,  stubborn,  hard,  firm,  unbend- 
ing. 

Unyoke,  v.  a.     I.   Loose  from  a  yoke. 
2.   Part,  disjoin,  disconnect,  separate. 

Unyoked,  a.     I.    Not  yoked. 

2.    Unrestrained,  loose,  licentious. 

Unzoned,  a.     Ungirdled. 

Upbraid,  v.  a.  Reproach,  reprove,  blame,  chide, 
condemn,  twit,  taunt,  find  fault  with. 

Upbraiding,  «.     Reproach,  chiding. 

Upbraid  with.  Reproach,  cast  something  in  the 
teeth  of. 

Upheave,  v.  a.  Elevate,  raise,  lift,  lift  up,  heave 
up. 

Uphill,  a.     I.   Ascending,  upward. 

2.  Difficult,  hard,  arduous,  toilsome,  weari- 
some. 

Uphold,  V.  a.     I.   Raise,  elevate,  lift  on  high. 

2.  Support,  sustain,  hold  up,  bear  up. 

3.  Maintain,  defend,  vindicate,  justify,  aid, 
countenance,  support,  sustain. 

Up  in  arms.  I.  Stirring,  bustling,  at  work, 
astir,  up  and  doing. 

2.  Alert,  ready,  on  the  alert,  vigilant,  pre- 
pared, wide  awake,  in  readiness,  booted  and 
spurred,  in  harness. 

3.  At  dagi;ers  drawn. 
Upland,  «.     High  land. 

Uplift,  V.  (I.     Raise,  elevate,  lift  aloft. 
Upon, /r^A     I.    On. 

2.  About,  concerning,  on  the  subject  of,  relat- 
ing to. 

3.  With,  immediately  after. 


Upon  the   spot.     Immediately,   at  once,   on  the 

spot. 

Upon  the  whole.  All  things  considered,  in  view 
of  all  the  circumstances,  taking  everything  into 
account,  on  the  whole. 

Upper  classes.  Gentry,  gentlefolk,  educated 
classes. 

Upper-hand,  n.  Superiority,  advantage,  ascen- 
dency, dominion,  rule,  pre-eminence,  supremacy, 
mastery,  mastership,  whip-hand,  control. 

Uppermost,  a.  Highest,  loftiest,  topmost,  upmost, 
supreme. 

Uppish,  a.  iCoUoq.)  Proud,  arrogant,  haughty, 
assuming,   smart,  perk,  perky. 

Upright,  a.  I.  Erect,  perpendicular,  vertical,  on 
end. 

2.  Honest,  just,  honorable,  conscientious,  vir- 
tuous, good,  pure,  straightforward,  faithful,  true, 
trustworthy. 

3.  Virtuous,  just,  honorable. 
Uprightness,    «.      I.     Erectness,    perpendicular, 

erection. 

2.  Honesty,  integrity,  probity,  rectitude,  jus- 
tice, equit\',  fairness,  incorruptibility,  righteous- 
ness, goodness,  virtue,  honor,  trustworthiness, 
trustiness,  worth,  dignity  of  character. 

Uproar,  n.  Tumult,  disturbance,  commotion,  con- 
fusion, turmoil,  hubbub,  clamor,  racket,  din,  vo- 
ciferation, x\d\%&,  fracas. 

Uproarious,  a.  (Colloq.)  Boisterous,  tumultu- 
ous, loud,  noisy,  clamorous,  obstreperous. 

Uproot,  V.  a.  Eradicate,  extirpate,  pull  up  by  the 
roots,  tear  up  by  the  roots. 

UpS  and  downs.  {Colloq.)  Successes  and  re- 
verses, prosperity  and  adversity,  good  fortune  and 
bad,  various  fortunes. 

Upset,  V.  a.     I.   Overturn,  capsize,  tip  over. 

2.  Turn  upside  down,  invert. 

3.  Overthrow. 

4.  Disconcert,  discompose,  throw  off  one's 
centre,  agitate,  perturb,  startle,  fluster,  shock,  ex- 
cite, boiileverser. 

5.  Defeat,  checkmate. 

Upshot,  n.  Conclusion,  end,  termination,  consum- 
mation, issue,  event,  result. 

Upside  down.  Topsy-turvy,  in  confusion,  in 
complete  disorder. 

Upstart,  n.  Snob,  mushroom,  pretentious  fellow, 
pretender  to  gex\\.\\\iy,  parvenu. 

Upturned,  a.     Turned  up,  directed  upward. 

Upward,  a.     I.   Ascending,  uphill. 
2.    Directed  to  a  higher  place. 

Upwards  of.    Above,  more  than. 

Uranglimmer, «.     (Min.)    Uranite. 

Uranolite,  n.     Aerolite. 

UranolOgy,  n.     Ouranography,  uranography. 

Urbane,  a.  Polite,  civil,  courteous,  complaisant, 
refined,  polished,  elegant,  well-bred,  well-man- 
nered, well-behaved. 

Urbanity,  «.  Politeness,  civility,  courtesy,  com- 
plaisance, amenity,  suavity,  good-breeding,  good 
manners. 

Urchin,  «.     I.   Hedge-hog. 

2.   {Ludicrous.)    Child,  brat. 

UretiC,  a.     Diuretic,  urinative. 

Urge,  V.  a.  I.  Push,  press,  impel,  drive,  force 
onward,  push  on,  press  on. 

2.  Solicit,  importune,  beg,  entreat,  beseech, 
implore,  conjure. 

3.  Incite,  animate,  encourage,  instigate,  stim- 
ulate, goad,  spur. 

4.  Press  upon  attention,  present  in  an  urgent 
manner. 

Urgency,  «.  I.  Pressure,  press,  exigency,  emer- 
gency, stress,  necessity,  pressing  want. 

2.  Importunity,  entreaty,  insistence,  solicita- 
tion. 


URGENT 


465 


VADE-MECUM 


3.   Incitement,  stimulus,  spur,  goad. 
Urgent^   a.      l.     Pressing,   cogent,    importunate, 

pertinacious,  earnestly  solicitous. 
2.    Pressing,  imperative,  cogent. 
Urgently,  ad.     Pressingly,  violently,  vehemently, 

cogently,  forcibly,  importunately. 
Urinal,  «.     I     Chamber-pot,  jorden. 

2.    Place  for  urinating. 
Urinate,  v.   a.     Piddle,  piss,  stale,  urine,  make 

water,  void  urine. 
Urination,  «.     Micturition. 
Urine,  «.     Piss,  animal-water. 
Ursa    Major.     [L.]    {Astron.)    Charles's    Wain, 

the  Wain,  the  Great  Bear,  the  Dipper. 
Ursa  Minor.    [L.]    (Asiron.)    The  Little  Bear, 

the  Lesser  Bear. 
Ursine,  a      Bear-like. 
Usage,  n.     I.   Treatment. 

2.  Practice   (long-   continue^,  custom,    use, 
habit,  prescription,  method. 

3.  Customary  use. 

Use,  n.  I.  Employment,  application,  appliance, 
exercise,  practice,  conversion  to  an  act  or  pur- 
pose. 

•  2.   Advantage,  benefit,  utility,  service,  profit, 
usefulness,  avail. 

3.  Occasion,  need,  necessity. 

4.  Usage,   custom,  habit,  customary  employ- 
ment, practice,  exercise. 

Use,  V.  a.  I.  Employ,  apply,  make  use  of,  avail 
one's  selt  of,  take  advantage  of,  turn  to  account, 
make  the  most  of,  put  in  requisition,  bring  into 
play. 

2.  Practise,  exercise,  put  to  use. 

3.  Expend,  consume,  waste^  exhaust. 

4.  Accustom,    habituate,    inure,     familiarize, 
train,  render  familiar  by  practice. 

5.  Treat,  deal  with,  act  or  behave  toward. 
Use,  V'  n.     Be  accustomed,  be  wont. 

Useftll,    a.      I.  Advantageous,    profitable,    bene- 
ficial, serviceable,  helpful,  available,  good,  salu- 
tarv,  convenient. 
2.   Serviceable,  helpful,  valuable,  available. 

Usefulness,  n.  Utility,  serviceableness,  value, 
advantage,  profit. 

Useless*    a.      I.  Unavailing,    fruitless,    bootless, 


profitless,  unprofitable,  unserviceable,  valueless, 
worthless,  futiic,  abortive,  of  no  use,  inetfectual, 
nugatory,  null. 

2.    Unserviceable,    worthless,   valueless,   good 
for  nothing,  of  no  use. 

Usher,  «.     Sub-master,  assistant  teacher. 

Usher,  v.  a.  Introduce,  forerun,  herald,  precede, 
announce. 

Usual,  a.  Customary,  ordinary,  common,  familiar, 
regular,  general,  frequent,  habitual,  wonted,  ac- 
customed, prevailing,  prevalent,  every-day,  nor- 
mal. 

Usurp,  V.  a.  Seize  (without  right),  arrogate,  as- 
sume, appropriate  unlawfully. 

Usurpation,  ».  Seizure,  assumption  infringement 
on  the  rights  of  others. 

Usury,  tt.     Illegal  interest,  exorbitant  interest. 

Utensil,  «.     Implement,  tool,  instrument. 

Uterus,  ft.     (Anat.)    Womb,  venter. 

Utility,  n.  Usefulness  (in  an  abstract  sense),  ad- 
vantageousness,  benefit,  avail,  profit,  service,  use. 

Utilize,  V.  a.  Put  to  use,  make  use  of,  make  use- 
ful, turn  to  account,  take  advantage  of. 

Utmost,  a.     I.   Extreme,  farthest,  last,  most  dis- 
tant, most  remote. 
2.   Greatest,  uttermost. 

Utmost,  n.  Best,  most,  greatest  effort,  highest 
endeavor,  the  most  that  can  be  done. 

UtOI>ian,  a.  Ideal,  visionary,  fanciful,  imaginary, 
chimerical,  unreal,  air-drawn,  air-built. 

Utricle,  «.     Vesicle,  cyst,  bladder. 

Utter,  a.     I.   Total,  complete,  entire,  perfect. 

2.   Absolute,    peremptory,   unconditional,   un- 
qualified. 

Utter,  V.  a.  I.  Speak,  articulate,  enunciate,  pro- 
nounce, express,  give  forth,  give  expression  to. 

2.    Put  Into  circulation,  put  off,  cause  to  pass 
in  trade. 

Utterable,  a.     Pronounceable,  expressible. 

Utterance, «.    Pronunciation,  expression,  delivery. 

Uttermost,  a.    I.   Extreme,  farthest 
2.   Greatest,  utmost. 

Uttermost, «.    Utmost. 

Uxoricide,  «.    I.  Wife-murder. 
2.    Wife-murderer. 

Uxoriousness,  n.    Philogyoy,  connubial  dotage. 


V 


Vacancy,  «.     I.   Emptiness. 

2.  Freedom   from  employment,   intermission, 
leisure,  idleness,  listlessness. 

3.  Empty  space,  vacuity. 

4.  Chasm,  gap,  space. 

5.  Unemployed  time,  interval  of  leisure,  time 
of  intermission. 

6.  Unoccupied  office,  unfilled  place. 
Vacant,  a.     I.    Empty,  void,  unfilled. 

2.  Disengaged,  unoccupied,  unemployed,  un- 
encumbered, free,  leisure. 

3.  Thoughtless,  unthinking,   unreflecting,  un- 
meaning. 

4.  Unfilled,  unoccupied,  empty. 

Vacate,  v.  a.     I.    Make  vacant,  leave  empty,  quit 
possession  of,  resign,  surrender. 

2.   Annul,   disannul,   nullify,   rescind,   cancel, 
quash,    invalidate,    abrogate,   abolish,   overrule, 
make  void,  set  aside,  do  away  with,  deprive  of 
force. 
Vacation,  n.     I.   Intermission. 

2.    Holidays. 
Vaccina,  «.    (Med.)    Cow-pox,  kine-pox,  vaccinia. 


Vaccinate,  v.  a.     Inoculate  with  kine-pox,  inocu- 
late with  vaccine  matter. 

Vaccinist,  n.     Vaccinator. 

Vacillate,  v.  n.     I.   Sway,  rock,  move  to  and  fro, 
have  an  unsteady  motion,  waver. 

2.  Waver,  fluctuate,  hesitate,  be  inconstant,  be 
unsettled,  be  unsteady,  play  fast  and  loose,  blow 
hot  and  cold,  box  the  compass,  run  with  the 
hare  and  hunt  with  the  hound,  be  a  weather- 
cock. 

Vacillating,  a.    Wavering,  fluctuating,  unsteady, 
inconstant. 

Vacillation,  «.     I.    Swaying,  reeling,  staggering, 
rocking. 

2.  Wavering,  fluctuation,  hesitation,  unsteadi- 
ness, inconstancy. 

Vacuity,    ».      I.     Emptiness,    vacancy,    inanity, 
inanition. 

2.  Void,  vacuum,  empty  space,  emptiness,  va- 
cancy. 

3.  Inanity,  nihility,  want  of  reality. 
Vacutim,  «.     Void,  empty  space,  vacuity. 
Vade-mecum,  ».    Manual 


30 


VADIUM 


466 


VAPID 


VadllUn,  «.  {Law.)  Gage,  pledge,  security,  sure- 
ty, bail. 

yagat)OIld,  a.     Wandering,  homeless. 

Vagabond^  «.  Vagrant,  outcast,  castaway,  loafer, 
lounger,  nomad,  land-loper,  idle  wanderer,  stroll- 
ing beggar,  tramp. 

Vagabondism,  «•     Vagabondage,  vagrancy. 

Vagary,  «.  Whim,  freak,  whimsey,  crotchet, 
whimsicality,  caprice,  fancy,  humor. 

Vaginant,  a.     {Bot.)    Sheathing, 

Vaginate,  <z.     (Boi.)    Sheathed. 

Vagrancy,  n.     Roving,  wandering. 

Vagrant,  «.  Idle  wanderer,  sturdy  beggar,  viga- 
bond. 

Vagrant,  a.  Strolling,  wandering,  roving,  roam- 
ing, unsettled,  nomadic,  itinerant. 

Vague,  a.     I.   Uncertain,  ambiguous,  dim,  doubt- 
ful, obscure,  undetermined,  indefinite,  indistinct, 
unsettled,  loose^  lax,  unfixed. 
2.   Unauthorized,  unwarranted,  flying,  loose. 

Vasmeness,  «.     Uncertainty,  indefiniteness. 

Vail,  V.  a.     Cover,  hide  from  sight,  veil,  conceal. 

Vain,  a.  I.  Unreal,  shadowy,  unsubstantial,  sup- 
posititious, dreamy,  delusive,  deceitful,  false, 
baseless,  imaginary,  empty,  void. 

2.  Unavailing,  useless,  bootless,  ineffectual, 
fruitless,  profitless,  futile,  nugatory,  abortive,  un- 
profitable, without  avail,  idle,  to  no  purpose,  to 
no  end,  ineffectual. 

3.  Worthless,  unsatisfying,  unsatisfactory, 
vapid,  unimportant,  trivial,  unessential,  useless. 

4*  Conceited,  vain-glorious,  inflated,  arrogant, 
egotistical,  overweening,  ostentatious,  high,  self- 
sufficient,  flushed,  opinionated,  self-satisfied,  self- 
confident,  self -admiring,  self-opinioned,  self-flat- 
tering, high-flown,  puffed  up,  wise  in  one's  own 
conceit. 

S.   Showy,  ostentatious,  gaudy,  glittering,  gor- 
geous. 
Vain-glorious,  a.     I.   Conceited,  vain,  proud  be- 
yond desert. 

2.   Boastful,  vaunting,  braggart,  pretentious. 
Vain-gloiy,    «.     I.   Vanity,   empty  pride,  pride 
without  merit. 

2.   Rodomontade,  empty  boasting. 
Vainly,  ad.     I.   Without   effect,    ineffectually,   in 
vain,  to  no  purpose,  in  a  vain  manner. 

2.  Proudly,  arrogantly,  boastingly,  vauntingly. 

3.  Idly,  foolishly. 

Vale,  «.     (Poetical.)    Valley,  dingle,  dell. 

Valediction,  n.     Farewell,  adieu,  leave-taking. 

Valedictory,  a.     Farewell. 

Valedictory,  «.     [U.  S.^     Farewell  address. 

Valet,  «.  [Fr.]  Groom,  servant,  serving-man, 
waiting-servant,  waiter,  lackey,  attendant,  flunky. 

Valet  de  chambre.     [Fr.]     Body-servant. 

Valet  de  place.     [Fr.]     Guide,  cicerone. 

Valetudinarian,  «.     Invalid,  valetudinary. 

Valetudinarian,  a.  Weak,  infirm,  sickly,  feeble, 
weakly,  frail,  invalid,  valetudinary. 

Valetudinary,  «.     See  Valetudinarian,  n. 

Valetudinary,  a.    See  Valetudinarian,  a. 

Valiant,  a.     I.   Brave,  courageous,  intrepid,  val- 
orous, gallant,  chivalrous,  chivalric,  heroic,  dar- 
ing, dauntless,  bold,  fearless,  doughty,  undaunted, 
Spartan,  lion-hearted,  stout-hearted,  redoubtable. 
2.    Brave,  gallant,  heroic,  chivalrous. 

Valid,  a.  I.  Efficacious,  efficient,  sound,  weighty, 
powerful,  conclusive,  logical,  cogent,  good,  just, 
solid,  important,  grave,  sufficient,  strong,  sub- 
stantial. 

2.  {Law.)  Having  legal  strength  or  force, 
efficacious,  executed  with  the  proper  formalities, 
supportable  by  law  or  right,  good  in  law. 

Validity,  «.  I.  Soundness,  justness,  efficacy,  co- 
gency, weight,  strength,  goodness,  force,  gravity, 
importance. 


2.  {Law.)  Legal  force  or  strength,  quality  of 
being  good  in  law. 

Valise,  «.     Portmanteau,  travelling  bag. 

Vallation,  «.     Rampart,  intrenchment. 

Valley,  «.  Dale,  bottom,  dell,  dingle,  ravine, 
vale. 

Vallum,  «.    [L.]    {Fort.)    Rampart,  trench,  wall. 

Valor,  «.  Bravery  (especially  in  war).,  courage, 
prowess,  boldness,  spirit,  daring,  gallantry,  in- 
trepidity, heroism. 

Valorous,  a.  Brave,  courageous,  stout,  intrepid, 
bold,  dauntless,  doughty. 

Valuable,  a.     I.  Precious,  useful,  serviceable. 

2.  Precious,  costly,  expensive. 

3.  Worthy,  estimable 

Valuable,  «.     Thing  of  value,  treasure,  precious 

possession. 
Valuation,  n.     I.   Appraisement,  estimation. 

2.   Value,  worth. 
V^ue,  «.     I.   Worth,   utility,   importance  {value 

in  use). 

2.  Price,  cost,  rate,  equivalent  {value  in  ex- 
change). 

3.  Estimation,  excellence,  importance. 

4.  Precise  signification,  import. 

5.  {Mus.)    Relative  length,  duration. 
Value,  V.  a.     I.   Appraise,  rate,  estimate,  account, 

set  a  value  on. 
2.   Esteem,   appreciate,   regard,    prize,    set    a 

high  value  on,  rate  highly,  hold  in  high  esteem, 

set  store  by. 
Valueless,  a.     Worthless,  miserable,  of  no  value, 

of  no  use. 
Vamos,    )  V.  n.     [Sp.]     (Collog.)    Be  off.  depart 
Vamose,  j      quickly. 
Vamp,  «      Upper  leather  {of  a  shoe). 
Vamp,  V.  a.     Repair,  mend,  piece,  patch,  tinker, 

refit,  retouch,  vamp  ujj,  patch  up. 
Vampire,  «.     I.   Parasite,  bloodsucker. 

2.  Extortioner,  vulture. 

3.  (Zodl.)   y&mpire-hatiyafnpirus  spectrum). 
Van,  n.     I.   Front  {o/  an  army  or  a  fleet),  fore- 
rank. 

2.   Covered  wagon. 
Van-courier,  «.      Precursor,  avant-courier. 
Vandal,  n.     Barbarian,  savage,  destroyer. 
Vandal,  a.     Barbarous,  savage,  Vandalic,  rude. 
Vandalic,  a.     See  Vandal,  a. 
Vandalism,  «.     Barbarity,  savagery. 
Vane,  «.     I.   Weather-cock. 

2.    Blade  {of  a  windmill,  propeller,  etc.). 
VanglO,  «.     Bene,  oil-plant  {Sesamum  orientale). 
Van-guard,    «.     Advance-guard,   first  line,   van, 

front  rank. 
Vanish,  v.  a.     I.   Disappear,  go  out  of  sight,  be 

lost  to  view,  become  invisible. 
2.   Disappear,  dissolve,  fade  away,  melt  away, 

pass  away,  be  lost,  be  no  more,  pass,  fade,   be 

annihilated. 
Vanity,  «.     I.    Emptiness,  hollowness,  triviality, 

worthlessness,  futility,  unrealness,  unsubstantial- 

ness,  falsity,  vanitas  vanitatutn. 

2.  Conceit,  conceitedness,  egotism,  self-conceit, 
self-sufficiency,  petty  pride,  self-complacency,  self- 
approbation,  self-admiration, 

3.  Idle  show,  vain  pursuit,  unsubstantial  enjoy- 
ment, fruitless  effort,  fruitless  desire. 

VanQuish,  v.  a.  I.  Conquer,  defeat,  overcome, 
subdue,  subjugate,  overpower,  overthrow. 

2.  Overpower,  overbear,  master,  crush,  worst, 
rout,  discomfit,  foil,  quell,  put  down,  get  the 
upper  hand  of,  get  the  better  of. 

3.  Confute,  disprove,  silence,  confound. 
Vanquishable,  a.     Conquerable. 
Vanquisher,  «.     Conqueror,  subduer,  victor. 
Vapid,   a.     I.    Insipid,    tasteless,    flat,   savorless, 

spiritless,  stale,  dead. 


VAPOR 


467 


VEHEMENT 


2.  Tame,  dull,  meagre,  jejune,  languid,  feeble, 
prosing,  prosy,  prosaic,  insipid,  spiritless,  flat. 
Vaport  n.     I.    Gaseous  state  (c/a  substance  ordi- 
narily fiuid  or  solid),  aeriform  state. 

2.  Fume,  steam,  reek,  exhalation,  smoke,  fog, 
mist,  rack. 

3.  Phantom,  fantasy,  whim,  whimsey«  vagary, 
day-dream,  vain  imagination,  unreal  fancy,  dream, 
vision. 

Vapor,  V.  H.     Boast,  brag,  bluster,  swagger,  bully, 

^_faire  claqtur  son/oiut. 

Vaporer,  «.  Boaster,  blusterer,  braggart,  swag- 
gerer, vaunter,  bully,  braggadocio. 

Vaporish,  a.  Splenetic,  hypochondriacal,  peevish, 
petulant,  humorsome,  vapory. 

Vaporize,  ^.  a.     Evaporate,  convert  into  vapor. 

Vaporous,  a.     I.    Foggy,  vapory,  full  of  vapor. 
2.   Unreal,  unsubstantial,  vain. 

Vapors,  «.  pi.  Hypochondriasis,  spleen,  melan- 
choly, dejection,  blues,  depression  of  spirits,  blue 
"devils,  dumps,  tadium  vitce. 

Vapory*  a..     I.   Vaporous,  foggy,  full  of  vapor. 
2.    See  Vaporish. 

Varec,    I  «.    [Fr.]    Kelp,  wrack,  incinerated  sea- 

Varech,  )      ^^cA[Fususvesiculosus). 

Variable,  a.     I.    Changeable,  mutable,  shifting. 
2.   Inconstant,     unsteady,    fickle,     vaciUatmg, 
wavering,   fluctuating,   fitful,    mutable,  versatile, 
shifting. 

Variance,  ».     I.   Alteration,  change  of  condition. 

2.  Disagreement,  difference,  discord,  dissen- 
sion, jarring,  strife- 

3.  (Zrtw.)  Variation,  want  of  conformity  {as 
between  the  writ  and  the  declaration^  or  between 
the  allegation  and  the  proof). 

Variation,   «.     I.   Alteration,   mutation,  change, 

modification. 
2.  Deviation,  departure,  difference,  diversity, 

discrepance,  discrepancy. 
Varicella,  H.    i^Med.)    Chicken-pox. 
Variegate,  v.  a.     Diver.-ify,  vary,  streak,  checker, 

dapple,  figure,  mark  with  different  colors. 
Variegated,  a.     Party-colored,    motley,    mottled, 

pied,   many-colored,   many-hued,   divers-colored, 

of  all  manner  of  colors. 
Variety,  n.     I.    Diversity,  difference. 

2.  Varied  assortment. 

3.  Kind,  species,  class. 

4.  Multiplicity,  multiformity,  multifariousness. 
Variola,  «.     (Med.)    Small-pox. 

Variona,  a.  I.  Diverse,  different,  manifold,  sev- 
eral, sundry,  numerous,  many. 

2.  Changeable,  mutable,  uncertain,  unfixed. 

3.  Multiform,  diverse,  unlike  each  other. 

4.  Variegated,  diversified. 

Varlet,  «.     Scoundrel,  rascal,  rogue,  knave,  scape- 
grace, low  fellow. 
Varnish,  «.     I.   Lacquer. 

2.  Glossy  appearance. 

3.  Outside  show,  gloss,  cover,  palliation,  miti- 
gation. 

Varnish,  v.  a.     I.   Lacquer,  japan,  glaze. 

2.  Polish,  adorn,  decorate,  garnish,  gild,  em- 
bellish. 

3.  Palliate,  gloss,  extenuate,  excuse,  glaze 
over,  disguise. 

Vary,  v.  a.    I.  Alter. 

2.  Transform,  transmute,  metamorphose, 
change,  make  some  change  in. 

3.  Exchange,  alternate,  change  to  something 
else. 

4.  Diversify,  variegate,  modify. 

Vary,  v.  «.     I.    Alter,  change,  be  changeable. 

2.  Differ,  be  unlike,  be  different, 

3.  Alter,  alternate,  change  in  succession- 

4.  Deviate,  depart,  swerve. 

5.  Disagree,  be  at  variance,  be  in  dissension 


6.   Succeed,  change  successively. 
Vassal,  n.     I.    Feudatory,  feudal  tenant 

2.  Subject,  dependant,  retainer. 

3.  Servant,  bondman,  slave. 

Vassalage,  «.     Subjection,  depyendence,  servitude, 

slavery. 
Vast,    a.     I.    Very     spacious,    .very    extensive, 

boundless,  measureless,  wide.    ^ 

2.  Very  great  (in  numbers),  immense. 

3.  Huge,  enormous,  immense,  colossal,  gigan- 
tic, prodigious,  stupendous,  very  great,  mon- 
strous. 

4.  Very  great  {in/orce),  mighty,  tremendous. 

5.  Remarkable,  extraordinary. 
Vastly,  ad.     Very  greatly. 

Vaticinate,    v.    a.     (Rare.)     Foretell,     predict, 

f)rophesy,  presage,  prognosticate,  augur,  divine, 
orebode. 

Vaticination,  «.  Prophecy,  prediction,  prognos- 
tication, augury,  divination. 

Vatidnator,  «.  Prophet,  foreteller,  predictor, 
soothsayer,  seer. 

Vaudeville,  «.  [Fr.]  Ballad,  street  song,  trivial 
strain,  light  song. 

Vault,  «.  I.  Arched  ceiling,  arched  roof,  cow- 
tinned  arch. 

2.  Cell,  cellar. 

3.  Tomb,  crypt,  catacomb,  repository  for  the 
dead. 

4.  Leap,  bound,  jump. 

Vault,  V.  a.     Arch,  cover  with  an  arch,  arch  over. 

Vatllt,  V.  n.     I.   Leap,  bound,  jump,  spring. 

2.  Tumble,  turn,  exhibit  feats  of  jumping,  play 
the  posture-master. 

Vaulted,  a.     I.   Arched,  concave. 
2.   {Bat. )     Fornicate,  fornicated. 

Vaulter,  «.     Leapcr,  jumper,  tumbler. 

Vatllting,  a.  Aspiring,  eager,  impatient,  over- 
eager. 

Vaunt,  V.  H.     Brag,  boast. 

Vaunt,  V.  a.  Brag  of,  boast  of,  make  a  display 
of,  make  a  boast  of,  show  off,  display  with  osten- 
tation. 

Vatint,  n.     Boast,  brag. 

Vaunter,  «.  Boaster,  braggart,  braggadocio, 
drawcansir,  roisterer,  huff,  vaporer,  noisy  fellow. 

Vaunt-mure,  «.  (Fort.)  Vaimure,  vamure,  van- 
mure,  vaumure,  false  wall. 

Vaurien,  «.  [B'r.]  Scapegrace,  ne'er-do-weH, 
reprobate,  rascal,  scamp,  rogue. 

Vedette,  «.     Mounted  sentinel,  mounted  sentry. 

Veer,  v.  n.  Shift,  turn,  change  course,  change 
direction,  change  about,  come  round,  turn  about. 

Veering*  «.  I.  Shifting,  turning,  change  of 
course. 

2.  Tergiversation,  fickleness,  instability,  vacil- 
lation. 

3.  Trimming,  temporizing,  time-serving,  shift- 
ing. 

Vegetable, «.    Plant. 

Vegetate,  v.  «.  I.  Shoot,  germinate,  spring,  pul- 
lulate, grow  (as  a  plant),  shoot  up,  spring  up,  put 
forth,  swell. 

^  2.   Bask,  idle,  hibernate,  do  nothing,  be  inac- 
tive. 

Vegetation,  «.  I.  Vegetable  growth,  process  of 
vegetating. 

2.  Plants,  vegetables,  the  sum  of  vegetable 
life. 

Vehemence,  «.  I.  Impetuosity,  violence,  impetu- 
ous force. 

2.  Ardor,  fervor,  fervency,  eagerness,  earn- 
estness, keenness,  warmth,  zeal,  enthusiasm, 
passion,  heat. 

3.  Force,  might,  intensity. 

Vehement,  a.  I.  Impetuous,  violent,  furious, 
rampant,  passionate,  high,  hot,  high-wrought. 


VEHICLE 


468 


VERACIOUS 


2.  Ardent,  zealous,  eager,  keen,  earnest,  fer- 
vid, enthusiastic,  sanguine,  passionate,  burning. 

3.  Strong,   forcible,  powerful,    mighty,   very 
great. 

Vehicle,  «.     I.   Carriage,  conveyance. 

2.  Medium,  instrument. 

3.  {Med.)     Excipient. 

4.  \Painting.)    Medium. 

Veil,  «■     I.   Screen,  shade,  curtain,  cover. 

2.   Cover,  disguise,  mask,  visor,  blmd,  cloak, 

screen. 
Veil,  V.  a.    I.  Screen,  cover  with  a  veil,  throw  a 

veil  over. 

2.  Cover,  invest,  envelop. 

3.  Cover,  hide,  mask,  conceal,  disguise,  screen, 
cloak,  shroud. 

Vein,  «.     I.   Blood-vessel 

2.  Rib  \o/ a  leaf),  nerve. 

3.  Seam  (/'«  a  mine),  lode. 

4.  Stripe,  streak,  wave,  variegation. 

5.  Current,  course,  thread,  train. 

6.  Bent,  humor,  disposition,  moocj. 

7._  Talent,  faculty,  genius,  quality,  strain,  turn 
of  mind,  peculiar  temper. 

Vein,  V.  a.     Stripe,  streak. 

Veinous,  a.     Vemed,  veiny. 

Vein-Stone,  n.    Gangue. 

Veiny,  a.  Striped,  streaked,  veined,  variegated, 
venose. 

VeliS  et  remis.  With  sails  and  oars,  under  sail 
and  steam,  on  eagle's  wings,  with  whip  and  spur, 
with  all  possible  speed,  as  fast  as  one  can. 

Vellicate,  v.  a.  Twitch,  pluck,  stimulate,  cause 
to  twitch. 

Vellication,  «.     I.  Twitching,  stimulation. 
2.  {Med.)    Twitching,  tic. 

Velocity,  «.     I.   Swiftness,  speed,  celerity,  fleet- 
ness,  quickness,  rapidity. 
2.   {Mech.)    Rate  of  motion. 

Velntinous,  a.  {Bot.)  Soft,  velvety,  velvet- 
like, soft  to  the  touch,  downy. 

Velvet,  a.    Soft,  smooth,  delicate,  velvety. 

Velveteen,  n.     Cotton  velvet. 

Velvety,  a.     See  Velvet. 

Venal,  a.     I.     Mercenary,  purchasable,  hireling, 
sordid,  prostitute,  vendible. 
2.   Venous,  contained  in  the  veins. 

Venality»  «.     Mercenariness. 

Venary,  a.    Venatical,  venatorial. 

Vend,  V.  a.    Sell. 

Vendee,  «.  [Correlative  of  Vendor.'\  Purchaser, 
buyer. 

Vender,  n.    See  Vendor. 

Vendibility,  n.     Salableness,  vendibleness. 

Vendible,  a.  Salable,  merchantable,  that  may  be 
sold. 

Vendibleness,  «.     Vendibility. 

Vendition,  n.     Sale,  selling. 

Vendor,  «.  [Correlative  of  Vendee."]  Seller,  ven- 
der. 

Vendue,  «.  Auction,  cant,  public  auction,  auction 
sale,  public  sale,  sale  by  outcry. 

Vendue-master,  n.     Auctioneer. 

Veneer,  v.  a.     Overlay,  cover  thinly,  coat. 

Venenate,  a.     Poisoned,  envenomed. 

Venerable,  a.     I.   To  be  venerated,  worthy  of  ven- 
eration, grave. 
2.    Dread,  awful,  dreadful. 

Venerate,  v.  a.  Reverence,  revere,  respect, 
adore,  honor,  regard  highly. 

Veneration,  «.  Reverence,  nigh  respect,  respect 
mingled  with  awe. 

Venery,  n.     Hunting,  the  chase. 

Venesection,  «.  Bleeding,  phlebotomy,  blood- 
letting. 

Vengeance,  «.     l.    Avengement,  retribution. 
2.   Revenge,  retaliation. 


Venp:eful,  a.     Vindictive,  revengeful,  rancorous. 

Venial,  a.     I.    Excusable,  pardonable. 
2.    Allowed,  permitted. 

Venial  sin.  {Rom.  Cath.  Theol.)  Remissible 
sin. 

Vennel,  «.  [Written  also  Venall  and  Vinell.\  Al- 
ley, lane,  small  street. 

Venom,  «.  I.  Poison  {naturally  secreted  by  cer- 
tain animals),  virus. 

2.  Malignity,  maliciousness,  malice,  spite, 
spitefulness,  gall,  rancor,  rankling,  grudge,  bitter- 
ness, acerbity,  acrimony,  malevolence,  hate,  ill- 
will,  virulence. 

Venomous,  a.  I.  Poisonous,  noxious  to  animal 
life,  virulent. 

2.  Malignant,  malicious,  spiteful,  mischievous, 
noxious,  envenomed. 

Venose,  a.     {Bot.)     Veiny,  veined. 

Venous,  a.     I.    Venal. 

2.   {Bot.)     Reticulated,  netted,  veiny,  venose. 

Vent,  «.     I.   Opening,  hole,  vent-hole. 

2.  Spiracle,  air-tube,  air-pipe,  blow-hole. 

3.  {Ornith)     Anus. 

4.  {Arch_)    Crenelle,  loop-hole. 

5.  Emission,  passage,  outlet,  escape,  effusion. 

6.  Discharge,  utterance. 

7.  Market,  sale,  opportunity  to  sell. 
Vent,  V.  a.     I.    Emit,  pour  fonh,  let  out. 

2.   Utter,  give  vent  to. 
Venter,  «._  I.   {Anat.)    Abdomen,  belly. 

2.  Cavity  of  the  body. 

3.  Uterus,  womb,  matrix. 

4.  {Law.)    Mother. 

Vent-hole,  «.  Opening,  hole,  breathing-hole, 
vent. 

Ventilate,  v.  a.    i.  Air. 

2.  Winnow,  fan. 

3.  [Now  colloquial,  But  formerly  in  good 
use.]  Examine,  sift,  scrutinize,  discuss,  can- 
vass. 

Ventilation, «.    I.  Airing. 

2.  Winnowing,  fanning. 

3.  Examination,  scrutiny,  discussion,  public 
exposure. 

Ventose,  a.     Windy,  flatulent. 

Ventral,  a.     Abdominal. 

Ventricose,  }  a.     {Bot.)    Distended,  bellied,   in- 

Ventricous,  j     flated. 

Ventriloquism, «.     Ventriloquy. 

Ventriloquist, «.    Polyphonist. 

Venture,  «.  I.  Hazard,  risk,  danger,  jeopardy, 
peril. 

2.  Chance,  hap,  luck,  contingency. 

3.  Stake,  adventure,  risk. 

4.  Speculation. 

Venture,  v.  a.     Hazard,  risk,  jeopardize,  jeopard, 

expose  to  hazard. 
Venture,  v.  «.     I.  Dare,  adventure,  hazard  one's 

self. 

2.  Run  the  risk,  tempt  fortune,  take  one's 
chance. 

3.  Presume,  make  bold,  take  the  liberty,  have 
the  presumption. 

Venturesome,  a.  Adventurous,  daring,  intrepid, 
bold,  courageous,  venturous,  enterprising,  dough- 
ty, fearless. 

Venturous,  a.     See  Venturesome. 

Venus,  n.     I.   Aphrodite,  Cytherea. 

2.  (Astron.)  Lucifer,  morning  star,  Phos- 
phor, Phosphorus. 

3.  Hesperus,  Hesper,  Vesper,  evening  star. 
Venus'S-COmb,     «.      {Bot.)      Shepherd's    needle 
.    { Scandix  pecten). 

Venus'S-fly-trap,   n.     {Bot.)    Carolina  catch-fly 

plant. 
Venus's-fly-catcher,  n.     Dioncea  muscifula. 
Veracious,  a.     I.   Truthful,   observant  of  truth, 


VERACITY 


469 


VESPER 


true,  truth-loving,  straightforward,  trustworthy, 

reliable. 
2.   True,  credible,  reliable,  trustworthy,  honest. 
Veracity,  n.     Truthfulness,  truth,  ingenuousness, 

honesty,  candor,  frankness. 
Verbal,  a.       I.    Oral,   spoken,  unwritten,  parol, 

nuncupative,  expressed  in  words. 

2.  As  to  words,  about  words,  technical. 

3.  Literal,  word  for  word. 

4.  Derived  from  a  verb. 

VerlMllly,  ad.     I.   Orally,  by  word  of  mouth. 

2.    Word  for  word,  verbatim. 
Verbatim,  ad.     [L.]     Literally,  word  for  word,  in 

the  same  words. 
Verbena,  «.     iBot.)    Vervain. 
Verbiage,  «.     Wordiness,  verboseness,  verbosity, 

prolixity,  diffuseness. 
Verbose,  a.     Wordy,  prolix,  diflfuse. 
Verbosity,   n.     Wordiness,   macrology,   prolixity, 

verboseness,  perissology. 
Verbom  sapient!.    A  word  to  the  wise,  hint, 

suggestion. 
Verdancy,  «.    I.  Greenness,  viridity,  verdantness. 
2.    (Colloq.)     Inexperience,  rawness,  liability 
to  be  imposed  upon. 
Verdant,  a.     I.   Green,  fresh. 

2.  (Colloq.)    Raw,  inexperienced,  green, green 
in  knowledge. 
Verdict,  «.     I.   (Law.)    Decision,  finding. 

2.    Decision,  judgment,  opinion,  sentence. 
Verdigris,  «.     Subacetate  ot  copper,  diacetate  of 

copper,  bibasic  acetate  of  copper. 
Verdure,  ».     Greenness,  green,  viridity,  freshness 

i,of  vegetation). 
Verge,  «•     I.   Rod,  staff,  mace. 

2.  Ed^e,  brink,  border,  margin,   rim,   brim, 
confine,  limit,  skirt. 

3.  Eve,  brink,  edge,  pomt. 

4.  Arbor  {pf  a  •watch-balance'),  spindle. 
Verg^e,  v.  n.     I.  Tend,  incline,  slope,  lean,  trend, 

bear. 

2.    Border,  approach,  be  near,  tend,  incline, 
tend  toward. 

Verge-board,  «.     Barge-board. 

Veruication,  «.     Authentication,  attestation,  con- 
firmation, corroboration. 

Verify,  v.  a.     I.    Prove  to  be  true,  prove  to  be 
correct,  establish  the  truth  of,  confirm,  corrobo- 
rate, attest,  substantiate. 
2.   Authenticate,  make  good. 

Verily,  ad.     I.    In  a  true  manner,  in  truth,  in  fact, 
certainly,  indeed. 

2.  Truly,  really,  absolutely,  confidently,  posi- 
tively. 

Verisiinilitnde,  «.     Likelihood,  probability,  ap- 
pearance of  truth. 

Veritable,  a.     True,  real,  actual,  genuine,  posi- 
tive, absolute- 
Verity,  «.     I.  Truth,  truthfulness,  true  or  real 
nature,    reality,    consonance    to    the    reality  of 
things. 

2.    True  statement,  true  assertion,  fact,  true 
tenet. 

Vermeil,  «.     I.   Vermilion. 

2.  Bright  red. 

3.  Silver-gilt,  gilt-bronze. 
VermeolOgy,  «.     Adminthology, 
Vermes,  «.  //.     [L.]     Worms. 

Vermicular,  a.     I.    Sinuous,  tortuous,    undulat- 
ing,   flexuous,   waving,   serpentine,   meandering, 
winding,  twisting,  convoluted,  vermiform,  worm 
like,  worm-shaped. 
2.    Peristaltic. 

Vermiculate,  v.  a.    Inlav. 

Vermiculate,  a.     I.    Worm-like,  worm-shaped. 

2.  Crawling,  creeping,  twisting. 

3.  Creeping,  insinuating,  sophistical 


Vermiform,  a.  Worm-like,  wonn>shaped,  ver- 
miculate. 

Vermifuge,  «.     Anthelmintic,  helminthagogue. 

Vermilion,  n.  I.  Red  sulphuret  of  mercury  (uT' 
ti/ictal). 

2.  Cochineal. 

3.  Bright  red. 

Vermin,  «.  sing,  and  //.  I.  Noxious  animals 
(o/  small  size). 

2.     Off-scourings,   riff-raff,    off-scum,    rabble, 
scum. 

Vermivoroua,  a.  Worm-eating,  worm-devour- 
ing. 

Vernacular,  a.  Native,  indigenous,  mother,  vul- 
gar. 

Vernacular,  «.  Vernacular  language,  native  lan- 
guage, mother  tongue. 

Veronica,  «.    I.  Vemicle. 
2.   {Bot.)    Speedwell. 

Verrel,  «.     Ferrule. 

Verruca,  n.    Wart. 

Verrucose,  a.     Warty,  knobby. 

Versatile,  a.  I.  Changeable,  variable,  capricious, 
erratic. 

2.  Inconstant,  unsteady,  fickle. 

3.  Varied,  many-sided,  plastic,  ready,  Protean. 
Verse,  «.     I.    Line  (^nutrically  arranged),  line  of 

poetry,  stich. 

2.  Versification,  poetry,  poesy,  metrical  com- 
position, metrical  language. 

3.  (Common,  but  improper.)    Stanza,  stave, 
suff. 

4.  Passage  {of  Scripture),  text,  sentence. 

5.  (Poetical.)     Piece  of  poetry. 

Versed,  a.  Skilled,  skilful,  practised,  accom- 
plished, conversant,  acquainted,  qualified,  trained, 
proficient,  clever,  able,  good  at,  at  home  in,  au 

Jfait. 

Verseman,        )«.     Poetaster,  manufacturer  of  po- 

Versemonger,  J  etry,  writer  of  verses  {used  Au- 
morously  or  in  contempt). 

Verses,  n.  fl.     Numbers,  poetry,  song. 

Versification,  «.     Verse,  metrical  composition. 

Versify,  v.  a.     Turn  into  verse. 

Versity,  v.  «.     Make  verses. 

Version,  «.     I.   Translation,  rendering,  interpre- 
tation, reading,  lection. 
2.   Translation,  rendition. 

Versus,  prep.    (Law. )    Against. 

Versute,  a.     Artful,  crafty,  wily. 

Vertebral  column.    Spine. 

Vertebrate,  «.    Vertebral,  back-boned  animal 

Vertex,  «.     I.   Point. 

2.  Top,  summit,  crown. 

3.  Crown  of  the  head. 

4.  Zenith. 

Vertical,  a.  Perpendicular  {to  th*  horizon),  up- 
right, plumb. 

Vertlcle,  «•     Axis,  hinge,  joint. 

Vertiginous,  a.     I.   Whirling,  rotary,  rotatory. 
2.    Dizzy,  giddy. 

Vertigo,  n.  Dizziness,  giddiness,  swimming  of  the 
head. 

Vervain,  «.     {Bot.)    Verbena. 

Verve,  «.  [Fr.]  Enthusiasm,  rapture,  spirit,  ani- 
mation, force,  energy,  excitement  of  the  imagina- 
tion. 

Very,  a.     I.   True,  real,  actual. 
2.   Same,  self-same. 

Very,  ad.  Highly,  exceedingly,  excessively,  ex- 
tremely, remarkably,  surpassingly,  to  a  high  de- 
gree. 

Vesicant,  «.     See  Vesicatory. 

Vesicatory,  «.     Blister,  epispastic,  vesicant. 

Vesicle,  «.     Cell,  cyst,  utricle,  bladder. 

Vesper,  «.  Hesperus,  Hesper,  Venus,  evening 
star. 


VESPERS 


470 


VIEW 


Vespers,  n.dl.    Evening    service,    evening   song, 

evensong  (/«  the  Roman  Catholic  Church). 
Vessel,  n.     I.   Utensil  (Jor  holding  anything). 

2.  Bottom,  sailing  craft. 

3.  Tube,  duct,  canal. 

Vest, «.     I.   Vesture,    garment,    vestment,    robe, 
dress. 
2.  Waistcoat  {/or  men). 

Vest,  V.  a.  I.  Clothe,  dress,  surround,  robe,  en- 
robe, envelop,  cover. 

2.  Endow,  furnish,  put  in  possession. 

3.  {Law.)    Clothe  with  possession. 
Vestal,  a.     I.   Of  Vesta. 

2.    Pure,  chaste,  immaculate,  stainless. 

Vested,  a.     Fixed,  established. 

Vestibule,  «.     I.  Porch,  entrance-way. 
2.   Hall,  lobby,  ante-room,  passage. 

Vestige,  n.  Footprint,  footstep,  token,  sign,  mark, 
record,  trace,  track. 

Vestiges,  n.pl.     Remains,  relics. 

Vest  in.  Descend  to,  pass  to,  belong  to,  be  at  the 
disposal  of,  become  the  property  of. 

Vestment,  n.  Garment,  dress,  robe,  vest,  habili- 
ment, garb,  vesture. 

Vestry,  n.     Sacristy,  vestry-room. 

Vesture,  «.  I.  Garment,  dress,  robe,  vestment, 
vest. 

2.  Clothes,  clothing,  apparel,  coverine,  attire, 
habit,  garb,  costume,  habiliment,  raiment,  dress. 

Vesuvian,  «.     {Min.)    Idocrase. 

Veteran,  a.  Old  (in  experience),  experienced 
{especially  in  war),  long  exercised,  long  prac- 
tised. 

Veteran,  «.     I.   Old  soldier,  old  campaigner. 

2.  Expert,  adept,  proficient,  old  stager,  old 
campaigner,  old  soldier,  old  hand,  practised  hand. 

Veterinarian,  «.  Farrier,  horse-doctor,  horse- 
leech, veterinary  surgeon. 

Veterinary  surgeon.     Farrier,  veterinarian. 

Veto,  n.     I,   Prohibition  (o/  a  legislative  act  by 
the  Executive),  refusal  to  sanction. 
2.   Authoritative  prohibition,  forbidding. 

Veto,  V.  a.  Prohibit,  forbid,  negative,  withhold 
assent  to. 

Vettura,  «.   [It.]  Travelling  carriage,  post-chaise. 

Vex,  V.  a.  I,  Tease,  torment,  plague,  harass, 
worry,   harry,   hector,   distress,    annoy,   trouble, 

f)erplex,  persecute,  cross,  pother,  gall,  chafe,  mo- 
est,  pester,  bother,  badger. 

2.  Fret,  irritate,  provoke,  displease,  offend, 
nettle,  try  the  patience  of,  affront,  enchafe.  _ 

3.  Disturb,  disquiet,  agitate,  put  in  commotion. 
Vexation,  «.     I.    Irritation,  chagrin,  displeasure, 

mortification,  trouble,  disquiet,  agitation,  afflic- 
tion, uneasiness,  grief,  sorrow,  distress,  discom- 
fort. 

2.  Torment,  plague,  trouble!,  annoyance,  nui- 
sance, curse,  affliction. 

3.  Harassing  by  law,  vexing,  troubling,  dam- 
age. 

Vexatious,  a.  I.  Troublesome,  irritating, 
provoking,  annoying,  unpleasant,  disagreeable, 
aggravating. 

2.  Distressing,  harassing,  troublesome,  afflic- 
tive, painful,  grievous,  disturbing. 

3.  Troubled,  anxious,  uneasy,  distressed,  un- 
comfortable, comfortless,  galling,  burdensome, 
irksome. 

Vexed,  a.  I.  Irritated,  plagued,  worried,  hanlssed, 
annoyed,  troubled,  provoked,  disquieted. 

2.  Disputed,  contested,  in  dispute,  causing 
contention. 

Via,  ad.     [L.]     {Colloq.)    By  way  of. 

Vial,  n.     .Small  bottle,  phial. 

Via  Lactea.  {Astron.)  The  Milky  Way,  the 
Galaxy. 

Viameter,  n.    Odometer. 


Viands,  n.  pi.     Food,  victuals. 
Vibrant,  a.     Vibrating,  resonant. 
Vibrate,  v.  «.     I.   Oscillate,  swing,  move  to  and 
fro,  move  backward  and  forward. 

2.  Impinge,  sound,  quiver,  produce  a  vibra- 
tory effect. 

3.  Vacillate,  hesitate,  waver,  fluctuate. 
Vibrate,  v.  a.     I.    Brandish,  swing,  move  to  and 

fro. 

2.  Cause  to  quiver,  undulate,  affect  with  vi- 
bratory motion. 

3.  Measure  by  swinging. 

Vibration,  «.     Oscillation,  swinging,  nutation. 

Vibratory,  a.  Vibrating,  oscillating,  vibrative, 
vibratile,  oscillatory,  swinging. 

Vicarious,  a.     I.  Deputed,    delegated,   commisk 
sioned. 
2.   Substituted. 

Vice,  n.     I.   Defect,  fault,  blemish,  imperfection. 
2.   Wickedness,   sin,   iniquity,   depravity,   im- 
morality, laxity,  evil,  error,  corruption,  badness. 

Vice.    [L.]     Instead  of,  in  place  of. 

Vice-consul,  «.     Deputy-consul,  assistant-consul. 

Vicegerent,  «.  Deputy,  lieutenant,  representa- 
tive, agent,  vicar. 

Vice-king,  n.     Viceroy 

Viceroy,  n.     Vice-king. 

Vice  versa.    [L.]    Conversely,  reversely. 

Vicinage,  «.     Neighborhood,  vicinity. 

Vicinity,    n.      I.   Nearness,    proximity,    propin- 
quity. 
2.   Neighborhood,  vicinage. 

Vicious,  a.     I.    Faulty,  defective,  imperfect. 

2.  Wicked,  mischievous,  depraved,  immoral, 
sinful,  corrupt,  unprincipled,  abandoned,  demor- 
alized, bad,  worthless,  profligate,  iniquitous. 

3.  Foul,  bad,  impure. 

4.  Impure,  debased,  faulty,  corrupt. 

5.  Unruly,  refractory,  contrary. 
Vicissitude,  «    I.  Alternation,  interchange,  regular 

change,  mutual  succession. 
2.   Variation,  mutation,  revolution,  change. 
Victim,  «.     I.    Sacrifice. 

2.  Prey,  sufferer. 

3.  {Colloq.)  Dupe,  gull,  cull,  cully,  prey, 
gudgeon. 

Victimize,  v.  a.  {Colloq.)  Cheat,  dupe,  trick,  de- 
fraud, deceive,  swindle,  cozen,  chouse,  gull,  over- 
reach, befool,  fool,  beguile,  circumvent,  diddle, 
hoodwink,  jockey,  impose  upon,  put  upon,  prac- 
tise upon,  play  upon,  take  in. 

Victor,  n.     Conqueror,  vanquisher. 

Victorious,  a.     I.   Triumphant,  conquering. 
2.    Producing  conquest,  successful. 

Victory,  «.     Conquest,  triumph. 

Victual,  V.  a.  Provide  with  food,  supply  with 
provisions,  store  with  sustenance,  supply  with 
victuals. 

Victualler,  «.  i.  Tavern-keeper,  inn-keeper, 
publican. 

2.  Provision-ship. 

3.  \Scotch.]    Corn-factor. 
Victualling-house, «.     Eating-house,  restaurant. 
Victuals,   «.  pi.     Food,    meat,    sustenance,    pro- 
visions, cooked  provisions,  viands. 

Vide.    [L.]    See. 

Videlicet,  ad.  [L.  Usually  represented  by  viz.'\ 
Namely,  to  wit,  that  is,  that  is  to  say,  to  par- 
ticularize, to  be  more  explicit,  in  other  words. 

Vide  Ut  supra.  [L.]  See  as  above,  see  the  pre- 
ceding statement. 

Vie,  V.  n.  Contend,  compete,  stnvQ  {/or  superior- 
ity). 

Vi  et  armis.     [L.]     By  force  of  arms. 

View,  z'.  «•  !•  Survey,  scan,  eye,  see,  witness, 
behold,  inspect,  explore,  contemplate,  look  oa 
or  upon,  turn  the  eyes  to,  have  in  sight. 


VIEW 


471 


VIRILE 


2.   Consider,  regard,  study,  contemplate,  think 
about,  reflect  upon,  survey  intellectually,  exam- 
ine with  the  mental  eye. 
Vlew»  n.     I.   Sight,  survey,  inspection,  examina- 
tion by  the  eye. 

2.  Mental  survey,  intellectual  examination. 

3.  Sight,  reach  of  the  sight. 

4«   Prospect,  scene,  vista,  perspective. 

5.  Sketch,  picture. 

6.  Design,  purpose,  object,  aim,  intent,  in- 
tention, scope,  drift. 

7.  Opinion,  judgment,  notion,  belief,  impres- 
sion, idea,  sentiment,  conception. 

8.  Appearance,  show,  aspect. 
Viewless,  a.     Invisible,  unseen,  indiscernible. 
Vigil,    «.      I.    Watch,    sleeplessness,    abstinence 

from  sleep. 

2.  Devotional  watching,  waking  for  religious 
exercises. 

3.  Wake. 

Vig:ilance,  «.  Watchfulness,  lookout,  circum- 
spection, incessant  care,  scrupulous  attention 

Vigilant,  a.  Watchful,  circumspect,  careful,  wake- 
ful, on  the  lookout,  wide-awake,  on  the  alert. 

Vigor,  «.  I.  Strength,  force,  might,  power, 
physical  force. 

2.  Enerjiy,  strength,  intellectual  force. 

3.  Health,  haleness,  soundness,  robustness, 
bloom,  elasticity,  tone. 

4.  Thriftiness,  flourishing  condition. 

5.  Liveliness,  raciness,  piquancy. 
Vigorous,  a.     I.    Strong,  powerful,  lusty. 

2.  Strong,  powerful,  energetic,  forcible. 

3.  Healthy,  hale,  robust,  sturdy,  sound,  hardy, 
hearty,  in  health,  in  good  health. 

4.  Thrifty,  flourishing,  growing  well. 

5.  Nervous,  robust,  spirited,  lively,  sparkling, 
racy,  pointed,  piquant,  impassioned. 

Vile,  a.  I.  Base,  mean,  low,  despicable,  paltry, 
contemptible,  beggarly,  grovelling,  pitiful,  ig- 
noble, abject,  scurvv,  shabby,  sorry, 

2.  Sinful,  wicked,  bad,  base,  impure,  vicious, 
iniquitous. 

3.  Worthless,  of  poor  quality,  linsey-woolsey, 
cheap,  valueless,  mean,  sorry,  miserable, 
wretched. 

Vileness,  «.  I.  Baseness,  meanness,  despicable- 
ness,  foulness,  abasement,  shabbiness,  abjectness, 
abjection. 

2.  Wickedness,  sinfulness,  turpitude,  base- 
ness, depravity,  badness. 

3.  Worthlessness,  poor  quality. 

Vilify,  V.  a.  Defame,  traduce,  revile,  slander, 
asperse,  calumniate,  scandalize,  malign,  abuse, 
blacken,  blemish,  slur,  vituperate,  backbite,  lam- 
poon, disparage,  berate,  run  down,  speak  ill  of, 
accuse  falsely,  decry. 

Villa,  «.  Country  house,  country  seat,  country 
residence,  rural  mansion. 

Village,  n.     Hamlet,  town. 

Villain,  n.  [Written  also  Villan.]  Rascal,  knave, 
scoundrel,  rogue,  scamp,  reprobate,  scapegrace, 
miscreant,  caitiff,  viifc  wretch. 

Villanous,  a.  [Written  also  Villainoiu.]  I.  Base, 
mean,  vile. 

2.  Wicked,  depraved,  knavish. 

3.  Heinous,  sinful,  nefarious,  outrageous,  very 
bad,  atrocious. 

4.  (In  a/amiliar  sense.)  Sorry,  mischievous, 
mean,  vile. 

Villany,  «.  [Written  also  Villainy.'S  I.  Wick- 
edness, sinfulness,  depravity,  turpitude,  atrocity, 
criminality,  infamv. 

2.  Depraved  discourse,  infamous  speech. 

3.  Roguery,  rascality,  knavery,  knavishness, 
dishonesty,  trickery,  crime,  sin,  iniquity. 

Yinaigrette,  n.    Smelling-bottle. 


Vlndble,  a.     Conquerable,  superable. 

Vinculum,  «.  [L.  pi.  ymcula.'j  bond,  tie,  link, 
copula,  connective,  bond  of  union. 

Vindicable,  a.  Justifiable,  warrantable,  fit,  de- 
fensible, right,  proper. 

Vindicate,  v.  a.     I.   Justify,  defend,  uphold. 

2.  Assert,  maintain,  support,  stand  by,  make 
good,  advocate. 

Vindication,  n.     I.  Justification,  defence,  excuse, 
apology. 
2.   Assertion,  maintenance,  support. 

Vindicator,  ».     I.   Assertor,  pleader,  advocate. 
2.   Defender,  champion,  justifier. 

Vindictive,  a.  Revengeful,  unforgiving,  unre- 
lenting, implacable,  vengeful,  rancorous,  malevo- 
lent, malicious,  malignant,  spiteful. 

Vine-fretter,  «,  Aphis,  plant-louse,  puceron, 
vine-grub. 

Vinegar,  «,     Acetic  acid  {dilute  and  impure). 

Vinegar,  a.     Sour,  acid. 

Vinery,  «.     Grapery. 

Viola,  «.     Tenor-viol,  alto-viol  bratsche. 

Violate,  «'.  a.     I.    Injure,  liurt. 

2.  Break,  infringe,  transgress,  invade,  break 
through,    trench   upon,   encroach    upon,  set    at 

'  naught,  disobey. 

3.  Profane,  desecrate,  pollute,  do  violence  to. 

4.  Abuse,  outrage,  ravish,  deflour,  debauch, 
constuprate,  defile,  commit  rape  upon,  pollute. 

Violation,  «.     I.    Interruption. 

2.  Infringement,  transgression,  breaking, 
breach,  non-observance. 

3.  Profanation,  desecration   pollution. 

4.  Ravishment,  ravishing,  rape,  constupration, 
defloration,  defilement,  stupration,  pollution,  de- 
bauchment. 

Violence,  ».  I.  Vehemence,  impetuosity,  boister- 
ousness,  force. 

2.  Passion,  fury,  fierceness,  wildness,  rage. 

3.  Outrage,  injustice,  injury,  wrong. 

4.  Sharpness,  acuteness,  severity,  poignancy, 
intensity. 

5.  Ravishment,  rape,  constu|5ration. 
Violent,  a.      I.    Boisterous,  furious,   impetuous, 

vehement,  turbulent,  tumultuous,  wild. 

2.  Fierce,  fiery,  fuming,  raging,  ungovernable, 
infuriate,  passionate,  high,  hot. 

3.  Unnatural,  effected  by  force. 

4.  Unjust,  outrageous. 

5.  Sharp,  severe,  acute,  poignant,  intense, 
exquisite. 

Violin,  n.     Fiddle,  kit. 
Violoncello,  «.     Bass-viol. 

Violono'  I  **■    Contra-basso,  double-bass. 
Viper,  «.     I.   Poisonous  snake. 

2.    Wretch,    reptile,    serpent,    snake,     adder, 

scorpion. 
Viperous,  a.      Malignant,   poisonous,   venomous, 

viperish. 
Virago,  «.     I.   Female  warrior,  amazon. 

2.   Termagant,  vixen,  shrew,  Tartar,  brawler, 

scold,  Xantippe,  fury. 
Virescent,  a.      Greenish,  slightly  green,  vlrldes- 

cent. 
Virgate,  a.     {Bot.)    Wand-shaped. 
Virgin,  «.     Maid,  maiden,  girl,  lass,  damsel. 
Virgin,  a.     I.  Chaste,  pure,  undefiled,  unpolluted, 

stainless,  maidenly. 

2.  Fresh,  unused,  untouched,  new,  maiden. 

3.  Maidenly,  modest. 
Virginity,  n.     Maidenhood. 

Vilidescent,  a.     {Bot.)    Greenish,  slightly  green, 

virescent. 
Viridity,  n.    Greenness,  verdancy,  verdure,  virid- 

ness. 
Virile,  a.    I.  Of  a  man. 


VIRILITY 


472 


VOCALIST 


2*  Manly,  masculine,  vigorous. 
Virility*  «.     I.    Manhood,  maturity. 

2.  Masculinity,  masculineness,  male  energy. 

3.  Manliness,  manly  vigor,  masculine  force. 
VirtUt  «.   [It.]   I.   Taste  for  curiosities,  love  of  the 

fine  arts,  dilettanteism. 

2.  Curiosities,  objects  of  art  or  of  antiquity 
{taken  collectively). 

Virtual;  <z.     I.  Substantial,  constructive,  practical, 
essential,  equivalent,  implied,  implicit,  indirect. 
2.   Potential,  in  essence  or  effect. 

Virtually,   ad.      In    effect,  potentially,   substan- 
tially, practically,  to  all  intents  and  purposes. 

Virtue,  «.      I.    Force,  efficacy,  power,  strength, 
potency,  energy,  inherent  power. 

2.  Natural  excellence,  worth,  merit,  value, 
desert. 

3.  Goodness  {that  comes  frojn  self-discipU7te\ 
uprightness,  probity,  integrity,  rectitude,  moral- 
ity, worth,  moral  excellence. 

4.  Excellence,  good  quality. 

5.  Virginity,  purity,  female  chastity. 

6.  Efficacy,  force,  power. 

Virtuoso,  «.    [It.]    I.  Connoisseur,  amateur,  ^//e^ 

tante^  man  devoted  to  virtu,  person  skilled  in  the 

fine  arts. 
2.    Collector  of  curiosities,  curioso. 
Virtuous,  a.     I,  Upright,  honest,  good,  righteous, 

exemplary,  worthy,  excellent,  blameless,  morally 

right,  equitable, 

2.  Chaste,  modest,  pure. 

3.  Efficacious,  powerful. 

Vimlence,   I   n.      I.    Poisonousness,  venomous- 
Virulency,  J      ness. 

2.   Acrimony,   malignancy,    malignity,    bitter- 
ness, malevolence. 
Virulent,  a.     I.  Poisonous,  venomous,  malignant, 
highly  noxious. 
2.   Malignant,  acrimonious,  bitter. 
Virus,  «.     Poison  (o/a  morbid  nature')^  venom. 
Visage,  «.     Face,  countenance,  physiognomy. 
Viscera,  «. //.     [L.]     Entrails,  intestines,  bowels, 

inwards,  guts. 
Viscid,  a.     Glutinous,  viscous,  sticky,  tenacious, 

slabby. 
Viscidity,  n.     I.    Glutinousness,  stickiness,  vis- 
cosity, viscousness. 
2.   Glutinous  concretion. 
Viscosity,  «.    I.  Glutinousness,  ropiness,  tenacity, 
viscidity. 
2.   Glutinous  substance. 
Viscous,  a.     Glutinous,  clammy,  sticky,  adhesive, 

tenacious,  viscid,  ropy,  sizy. 
Viscum,  n.     [L.]    I.   Mistletoe. 

2.  Bird-lime. 
Visibility,  n.     I.  Perceptibility,  exposure  to  view. 

2.   Conspicuousness. 
Visible,  a.     I.  Perceptible,  discernible,  in  view,  in 
sight,  to  be  seen,  perceivable  by  the  eye. 

2.   Apparent,  manifest,  evident,  open,  obvious, 
conspicuous,  clear,   plain,  palpable,  patent,  un- 
mistakable, noticeable,  observable. 
Vision,  «.     I.    Sight,  seeing. 

2.  Sight,  faculty  of  seeing. 

3.  Appearance. 

4.  Apparition,  ghost,  spectre,  phantom,  phan- 
tasm, chimera,  illusion,  supernatural  appearance. 

Visionary,  a.    I.    Imaginative,  romantic,  given  to 
revery. 

2.  Unreal,  fanciful,  fancied,  ideal,  fantastic, 
imaginary,  chimerical,  illusory,  shadowy,  wild, 
dreamy,  romantic,  unsubstantial,  air-built. 

Visionaiy,  «.     Dreamer,  enthusiast,  zealot,  castle- 
builder,  fanatic. 

Vi^t,  V.   a.      I.    Go  to  see,  call  upon,  pay  a 
visit  to. 
2*  Inspect,  examine,  survey. 


Visitable,  a.  Subject  to  be  visited  {in  order  to  be 
inspected),  liable  to  be  inspected. 

Visitant,  «.     Visitor. 

Visitation,  «.  I.  Dispensation  (especially  of  re- 
tributive evil),  calamity,  disaster,  affliction,  mis- 
fortune, trial,  blow,  stroke,  trouble,  hardship,  ill- 
luck,  ill-fortune,  infliction,  retribution. 

2,    {Law.)      Visiting  {in  order  to  examine), 
inspection. 

Visitor,  n.     I.   Guest. 

2.   Inspector,  examiner,  censor,  critic 

Visne,  «.    {Law.)    Neighborhood,  vicinity,  venue. 

Vista,  n.  View  {especially  through  an  avenue), 
prospect,  perspective. 

Visual,  a.  Opitc,  optical,  of  the  eye,  of  the  sight 
or  vision. 

Vital,  a.     I.   Essential,  indispensable. 

2.  Necessary  to  life,  life-supporting. 

3.  Living,  alive,  having  life,  animate. 

4.  Very  necessary,  highly  important,  essential, 
paramount. 

Vitality,  «.     Life,  animation,  vital  power. 

Vitalize,  I/,  a.  Vivify,  animate,  quicken,  make 
alive,  give  life  to,  furnish  with  vital  principle. 

Vitals,  n.  pi.     I.    Seat  of  life,  vital  organs. 
7..   Parts  essential  to  life. 

Vitiate,  v.  a.     I.    Impair,  spoil,  deteriorate,  de- 
base, deprave,  corrupt,  pollute,  adulterate,  injure, 
contaminate,  infect,  defile,  poison,  render  defec- 
tive, make  vicious. 
2.    Make  void,  destroy,  cause  to  fail  of  effect. 

Vitiation,  «.  Deterioration,  degeneration,  debase- 
ment, degradation,  degeneracy,  depravation,  im- 
pairment, injury,  corruption,  perversion,  pollution, 
prostitution,  invalidation. 

Vitreous,  a.     Glassy. 

Vitrescible,  a.     Vitrifiable. 

Vitriform,  a.     Hyaloid,  transparent,  like  glass. 

Vitriolated  soda.  Sulphate  of  soda,  Glauber's 
salt. 

Vitriolated  tartar.    Sulphate  of  potash. 

Vitriolic  acid.     Sulphuric  acid,  oil  of  vitriol. 

Vituperate,  z/.  <«.  (Rare.)  Find  fault  with,  scold, 
censure,  overwhelm  with  abuse,  abuse,  vilify, 
revile,  reproach,  berate,  rate,  upbraid,  rail  at, 
objurgate. 

Vituperation,  «.  Abuse,  blame,  reproach,  revil- 
ing, upbraiding,  railing,  objurgation,  invective, 
scolding,  severe  censure. 

Vituperative,  a.  Abusive,  reproachful,  scolding, 
scurrilous,  opprobrious,  condemnatory,  damna- 
tory, contemptuous,  insulting. 

Vivacious,  a.  Lively,  sprightly,  brisk,  animated, 
spirited,  gay,  sportive,  frolicsome,  jocund,  merry, 
cheerful,  mirthful,  pleasant,  full  of  life,  buxom. 

VivaciOUSnesS,  «.     Vivacity,  activity,  liveliness. 

Vivacity,  «•     I.   Life,  animation,  spiritedness. 
2.    Liveliness,  sprightliness,  cheerfulness,  gay- 
ety,  cheer,  good  humor,  good  spirits,  high  spirits. 

Viva  voce.  [L.]  By  word  of  mouth,  by  living 
voice. 

Vive.     Live,  long  live,  success. 

Vivid,  a.  I.  Lively,  sprightly,  vigorous,  ani- 
mated, quick,  active,  strong. 

2.    Bright,  clear,  lucid,  lively,  brilliant,  intense, 
animated,  strong. 

Vivify,  V.  a.  Animate,  vitalize,  awake,  arouse, 
quicken,  make  alive,  give  life  to,  endue  with  life 

Vixen,  «.  Scold,  termagant,  shrew,  Tartar,  braw- 
ler, spitfire,  Xantippe. 

Viz.,  ad.    See  Videlicet. 

Vocable,  «.     Word,  term,  name. 

Vocabulary,  «.  Dictionary,  glossary,  lexicon, 
word-book,  list  of  words. 

Vocalist,  n.     I.   Singer. 

2.   Singer,  songstress,  melodist,  warbler,  canta- 
trice. 


VOCATION 


473 


VULGAR 


VocatiOIlf  n.  I.  Call,  summons,  citation,  injunc- 
tion. 

2.  Occupation,  employment,  calling,  business, 
pursuit,  profession,  trade,  avocation. 

Vociferate,  v.  n.     I.     Cry,   bawl,  roar,  cry  out, 
exclaim,  cry  out  with  vehemence. 
2.    Rant,  mouth. 

Vociferate,  v.  a.  Cry  aloud,  roar  out,  utter 
loudly  or  vehemently. 

Vociferation,  «•  Clamor,  outcry,  loud  utterance, 
hue  and  cry. 

Vociferous,  a.  Noisy,  clamorous,  loud,  blatant, 
stunning,  uproarious,  obstreperous. 

Vogue,  «.  Fashion,  mode,  usage,  custom,  prac- 
tice, repute,  favor. 

Voice,  «.     I.   Spoken  sound,  utterance. 

2.  Sound,  noise,  notes. 

3.  Vote,  suffrage,  choice  expressed. 

4.  Tone,  mode  of  speaking,  distinctive  char- 
acter or  quality  of  tone. 

5.  Language,  words,  expression,  signification 
of  feeling. 

6.  Command,  precept. 
Void,  a.     I.   Empty,  vacant. 

2.  Free,  destitute,  clear,  without,  wanting, 
devoid,  lacking. 

3.  Unoccupied,  unfilled,  unsupplied. 

4.  Null,  invalid,  nugatory,  ineffectual,  of  no 
e£Eect,  of  no  binding  force. 

5.  Unsubstantial,  vain,  unreal,  imaginary. 
Void,  ft.     Vacuum,  empty  space. 

Void,  V.  a.     I.   Suit,  leave. 

2.  Throw  out,  emit,  send  out,  evacuate,  pour 
out 

3.  Vacate,  annul,  nullify,  make  null. 
Voiture,  «.    [Fr.]     Carriage. 
Volant,  a.     I.    Flying. 

2.  Current. 

3.  Nimble,  rapid,  quick,  light,  active. 
VolaUle,  a,     I.   Evaporable,   vaporizable,   vapor- 
able. 

2.  Airy,  eay,  lively,  jolly,  sprightly,  vivacious, 
buoyant,  full  of  spirit,  jocund. 

3.  Fickle,  changeable,  giddy,  inconstant, 
flighty,  reckless,  capricious,  unsteady,  whimsical, 
humorsome,  wild,  hare-bramed. 

Volatile  alkali.     Ammonia,  ammoniacal  gas. 
Volatility,  n.     I.    Evaporableness,  disposition  to 
evaporate. 

2.  Airiness,  liveliness,  gayety,  vivacity, 
sprightliness,  cheerfulness. 

3.  Changeableness,  fickleness,  flightiness, 
giddiness,  inconstancy,  levity,  frivolity,  want  of 
seriousness,  mutability. 

Volition,  «.  I.  Will,  choice,  preference,  option, 
discretion,  determination,  free  will,  free-agency, 
power  of  willing,  purpose,  elective  preference. 

2.   Act  of  willing,  act  of  determming,  exercise 
of  the  will. 
Volley,  «.     I.    Flight  of  shot,  salvo. 

2.   Discharge,  emission,  burst,  explosion,  blast, 
storm,  shower. 
Voltaism,  «.     Galvanism. 
Volta-type,  n.     Electrotype. 
Voltigeur,  «.     I.   Tumbler,  leaper,  vaulter. 

2.    Light-infantry  soldier. 
Volubile,  a.     (Bo/.)     Twining,  voluble. 
Volubility,  «.     I.    Fluency,  glibness,  readiness  of 
speech,  command  of  language,  facility  of  expres- 
sion. 
2.   Changeableness,  mutability,  Inconstancy. 
Voluble,  a.     I.    Rolling. 

2.  Nimble,  active. 

3.  Fluent,  glib,  loquacious,  talkative,  of  a 
ready  tongue,  ready  in  speech,  nimble  of 
speech. 

4.  {Bot. )    Twining,  volubile. 


Volume, «.  I.  Convolution,  turn,  contortion, whirl 

2.  Book,  tome. 

3.  Dimensions,  bulk,  mass,  compass,  body. 

4.  (Geom.)     Solid  contents. 

5.  \Mus.)     Power,  quantity,  fulness. 
Voluminous,  «•     I.   Of  many  volumes. 

2.  Large,  bulky,  ample. 

3.  Couious,  diffuse. 

Voluntarily,  ad.     Spontaneously,  freely,  of  one's 

own  accord. 
Voluntary,  a.     I.   Volitional. 

2.  Spontaneous,  free,  unforced,  unconstrained, 
without  compulsion,  free-will. 

3.  Willing,  from  inclination. 

4.  Designed,  intended,  intentional,  purposed, 
deliberate. 

5.  Optional,  discretional. 

6.  (Law.)    a.    Free,  without  compulsion. 
b.    Gratuitous,  without  consideration. 

Volunteer,  v.  a.     Offer,  proffer,  tender,  present. 

Voluptuary,  «.  Sensualist,  epicure,  man  of 
pleasure.  Sybarite. 

Voluptuous,  a.     Luxurious,  epicurean,  sensual. 

Voluptuousness,  ».  Sensuality,  luxury,  luxurious- 
ness,  epicurism,  pleasure,  animal  gratification. 

VomiC-nut,  «.     Nux  vomica. 

Vomit,  V.  «.     Puke,  spew,  throw  up. 

Vomit,  V.  a.     I.   Disgorge,  throw  up  (from  the 
stomachs,  puke  up,  cast  up. 
2.    Eject,  emit,  throw  forth,  belch  fortli. 

Vomit,  n.     Emetic,  puke,  vomitory. 

Vomitive,  a.     Emetic,  vomitory. 

Voracious,  a.  Ravenous,  greedy,  rapacious, 
hungry. 

Voraciousness,  «.     See  Voracity. 

Voracity,  «.  Ravenousness,  greediness,  vora- 
ciousness, gluttonous  appetite. 

Voraullte,  «.     (Min.)     Lazulite. 

Vortex,  n.     I.    Whirl,  whirlpool,  eddy. 

2.  Whirlwind,  eddy. 

3.  Whirl,    whirlwind,    whirlpool,    maelstrom, 
dizzy  round. 

Vortex  wheel.    Turbine  wheel. 

Vortical,  a.     Whirling,  turning. 

Votary,  «.     Devotee,  votarist. 

Votary,  a.    Devoted,  promised,  consecrated  by  a 

vow. 
Vote,  «.     I.   Suffrage,  voice. 

2.   Ballot. 
Votive,  a.     Devoted,  given  by  vow. 
Vouch,  V.  a.     I.   Obtest,  call  to  witness. 

2.  Warrant,   declare,   affirm,  avouch,  attest, 
evidence,  maintain  by  affirmations. 

3.  Support,  back,  follow  up,  confirm. 
Vouch,  V.  n.     Bear  witness,  give  attestation. 
Vouchsafe,  v.  a.     Concede,  grant,  accord,  deign 

to  grant,  condescend  to  grant,  allow. 

Voucnsafe,  v.  n.  Condescend,  deign,  yield,  de- 
scend, stoop. 

VouSSOir,  M.     [Fr.]     Arch-stone. 

Vow,  «.     I.    Promise  (solemnly  Tttade),  pledge. 
2.    Promise  of  fidelity,  pledge  of  love. 

Vow,  V.  a.     I.    Consecrate,  dedicate,  devote. 
2.   Assert  solemnly,  asseverate. 

Vow,  V.  n.  Promise  (solemnly),  pledge  one's 
word. 

Vox  popnll.     [L.]    Voice  of  the  people. 

Voyage,  «.     Journey  by  water,  passage  by  sea. 

Voya?e,  v.  n.  Cruise,  sail,  take  a  voyage,  take  a 
cruise,  travel  by  sea,  take  ship,  plough  the  waves, 
plough  the  deep. 

Vraisemblance,  «.  Appearance  of  truth,  verisim- 
ilitude, likelihood,  probability. 

Vulgar,  a.  I.  Plebeian,  common,  ignoble,  mean, 
low-born,  base-born. 

2.    Homespun,  rustic,  boorish,  unrefined,  com- 
mon, uncultivated,  coarse. 


VULGARISM 


474 


WALK 


3.  General,  common,  ordinary,  popular. 

4.  Low,     mean,    base,     gross,    coarse,    vile, 
broad,   loose. 

5.  Unauthorized,  inelegant,  cant. 

6.  {Rare).     Vernacular,  native,  in  general  use. 
Valgarismr  ».     Vulgar  expression,  vulgar  phrase, 

vulgar  idiom. 
Vulgarity,   «•     Crossness,   coarseness,   rudeness, 
vileness,  meanness,  want  of  refinement. 


Vulnerability,  «.     Vulnerableness. 
Vulnerable,  a.     I.   Capable  of  being  wounded. 

2.   Assailable,  liable  to  injury,  weak. 
Vulnerary,  a.    Healing. 
Vulpine,  a.    I.  Of  a  fox. 

2.    Cunning,  crafty,  artful,  sly,  fox-like,  wily, 
foxy. 
Vulture,  «.     Bird  of  prey,  harpy. 
Vulturine,  a.    Rapacious,  ravenous. 


w 


"Waddle,  v.  n.    Toddle,  tottle,  waggle. 

Waders,  «.//.     {Qmith.)    Grails,  grallatores. 

Waft,  V.  a.  Bear  {^through  a  buoyant  medium), 
convey,  transport,  carry,  transmit. 

Waft,  V.  n.    {Rare.)     Float,  be  wafted. 

Wag,  V.  a.     Shake,  waggle,  shake  to  and  fro. 

Wag,   V.   n.      I.    Vibrate,   move   to  and  fro,   be 
shaken  to  and  fro. 
2.  (Colloq.)    Move,  progress,  stir,  advance. 

Wag,  n.  Wit,  humorist,  joker,  jester,  droll,  hu- 
morous fellow,  droll  fellow. 

Wage,  V.  a.     I.    Bet,  stake,  pledge,  lay,  wager, 
hazard. 
2.   Undertake  {as  war),  carry  on,  engage  in. 

Wager,  n.     Bet,  stake,  pledge. 

Wager,  v.  a.    Bet,  stake,  pledge,  lay,  wage. 

Wager,  v.  «.     Bet,  lay  a  wager. 

Wages,  n.  pi.  Hire,  salary,  pay,  compensation, 
remuneration,  stipend,  allowance,  earnings,  re- 
ward, emolument. 

Waggery,  «.  Jocularity,  facetiousness,  drollery, 
pleasantry,  humor,  fun,  waggishness,  mischiev- 
ous merriment,  sport,  roguery,  jocosity,  jocose- 
ness. 

Waggish,  a.  I.  Mischievous,  roguish,  frolic- 
some, gamesome,  tricksy. 

2.  Jocular,  jocose,  humorous,  sportive,  merry, 
facetious,  droll,  funny,  comical. 

Waggishness,  «.     See  Waggery, 

Waggle,  V.  n.     Tottle,  toddle,  waddle. 

Waggle,  V.  a.  Wag,  shake,  move  one  way  and 
the  other. 

Waggon,  «.     [Written  also  Wagon.\    Wain. 

wSner,  I  «'     ^'   Wagon-driver,  driver. 

2.  Charles's  Wain,  the  Dipper,  the  Wain, 
Ursa  Major. 

Wagtail,    n.       I.     Goosander,    dun-diver,    dish- 
washer (Mergus  merganser  or  Mergus  castor). 
2.    Bird  of  the  genus  Motacilla. 

Wail,  «.     Estray. 

Wail,  V.  a.  Lament,  moan,  bemoan,  bewail,  de- 
plore, mourn  over,  grieve  for  {audibly). 

Wail,  V.  n.     Moan,  lament,  cry,  weep. 

Wail,  «.  Moan,  lamentation,  complaint,  plaint, 
lament,  wailing,  cry,  loud  weeping. 

Wailing,  «.  Moaning,  howling,  wail,  loud  lamen- 
tation, audible  expression  of  sorrow. 

Wain,  n.     I.    Wajrgon. 

2.  (Astron.)  [With  TA^  prefixed.]  Charles's 
Wain,  the  Great  Bear,  the  Dipper,  the  Wag- 
goner, Ursa  Major. 

Wainwright,  «■     Wagon-wright,  wagon-maker. 

Waist,  «.     I.    Middle  part  (as  of  the  human  body 
or  a  ship). 
2.    Corsage. 

Waistcoat,  «.     Vest,  doublet. 

Wait,  V.  n.     I.   Stay,  tarry,  delay,  remain,  linger, 
bide  one's  time. 
2.   Watch,  look,  be  expectant. 


Wait,  V,  a.    Await,  abide,  stay  for,  wait  for,  look 

for. 
Wait,  «.     Ambush. 
Waiter,    «.      I.     Attendant,    servant,     servitor, 

lackey,  valet. 
2.   Tray,  salver. 
Waiting,  «.     I.    Staying,  delaying,  tarrying. 

2.   Expectation,  abeyance. 
Wait  on.       I      I.    Attend  {as  a  servant),  perform 
Wait  upon.  S         services  for,  attend  to,  serve. 

2.  Attend,  go  to  see,  visit,  call  upon,  pay  at- 
tendance. 

3.  Follow  {as  a  consequence),  await. 

4.  Attend  to,  perform. 

5.  Accompany,  escort,  squire. 
Waits,  n.  pi.     Serenaders. 

Waive,  v.  a.     I.    Relinquish,  renounce,  surren- 
der, remit,  give  up,  forego,  give  up  claim  to. 

2.  Throw  away,  cast  off,  reject,  desert. 

3.  {Law.)  Throw  away,  relinquish  volun- 
tarily. 

Wake,  V.   n.      I.     Watch,  be    awake,  continue 
awake. 

2.  Awake,  waken,  be  awakened,  be  roused 
from  sleep,  cease  from  sleep. 

3.  Revel,  carouse,  feast,  sit  up  late  for  festive 
purposes. 

4.  Be  excited,  be  roused  up,  be  active. 
Wake,   V.   a.      I,     Awaken,   waken,   rouse  from 

sleep. 

2.  Arouse,  rouse,  excite,  kindle,  stimulate, 
provoke,  stir  up,  put  in  motion,  animate,  put  in 
action,  summon  up. 

3.  Reanimate,  revive,  bring  to  life  again. 

4.  Watch,  attend  in  the  night. 
Wake,  n.     I.    Vigil,  watching. 

2.   Track  {of  a  vessel),  trail. 
Wakeful,  a.     I.    Sleepless-,  indisposed  to  sleep, 
awake. 
2.   Watchful,  vigilant,  observant,  wary. 
Wakefulness,  «.     I.   Sleeplessness,  want  of  sleep, 
indisposition  to  sleep,  insovinia. 
2.   Watchfulness,  vigilance,  wariness- 
Waken,  V.  n.     See  Wake. 

Waken,  v.  a.     I.   Wake,  awake,  awaken,  rouse 
from  sleep,  arouse. 

2.  Excite  to  action,  put  in  motion,  arouse. 

3.  Excite,  stir  up,  rouse  to  action,  call  forth. 
Wake-rohin,    «.       Nodding    trillium    {Trillium 

cernuum.). 
Wale,   n.      I.    [Written  also  IVeal  and   IVAeal.] 

Ridge   {made   by   stripes  on  the  skin),    whelk, 

stripe,  streak,  mark  of  the  lash. 
2.   Ridge,  streak. 
Walk,  v.  n.     I.   Go  on  foot,  advance  by  steps. 

2.  Take  one's  exercise. 

3.  Be  stirring,  be  abroad,  go  about. 

4.  Depart,  move  off. 

5.  Behave,  conduct  one's  self,  pursue  a  course 
of  life,  act,  demean  one's  self. 


WALK 


475 


WARFARE 


Wallc,  V.  a.    I.   Perambulate. 

2.   Cause  to  walk. 
Walk,  n.      I.    Step,  gait,  carriage,   manner   of 

walking. 

2.  Sphere,  beat,  career,  course,  frequented 
track,  habitual  place  of  action,  field. 

3.  Conduct,  behavior,  course  of  action. 

4.  Avenue,  path,  alley,  way,  footpath,  path- 
way, range. 

5.  Promenade,  stroll 

6.  Region. 

Walk  after  the  flesll.     Live  in  sin,  indulge  sen- 
sual appetites. 

Walk  after  the  Spirit.    Live  a  holy  life. 
Walk  by  faith.     Follow  the  guidance  of  faith. 
Walk  in.     Go  in,  enter. 
Walk  in  darkness.     Live  in  error,  live  in  sin,  live 

without  comfort. 
Walking-stick,  «.     Cane,  staffj  walking-staff. 
Walk  in  the  flesh.     Live  this  natural  lite,  sub- 

W'ect  to  infirmities  and  calamities. 
alk  in  the  light.     Live  in  the  practice  of  re- 
ligion. 
Walk  on.     Tread. 

Walk  with  God.    Live  in  obedience  to  God's  com- 
mands. 
Wallet,  n.     I.   Bag,  sack,  knapsack,  pouch. 

2.  Pocket-book. 

3.  Pouch. 

4.  Pedler's  pack. 

Wallow,  V.  n.     I.    Flounder,  roll,  welter. 
2.   Grovel,  live  in  filth. 

Wallower,  «.     Trundle,  lantern-wheel. 

Wall-paper,  «.     Paper-hangings. 

Wall-pepper,  «.     Acrid  stone-crop,  mossy  stone- 
crop  {Sedum  acre). 

Wall-wort,  n.     Dwarf  elder,  danewort. 

Walrus,  n.     Morse,  sea-horse,  sea-cow  (Triche- 
chus  rostnartts). 

Wampum,  «.     Wompompeage,  wampeage. 

Wan,  a.     Pale,  pallid,  cadaverous,   ashen,  color- 
less, of  a  sickly  hue,  haggard. 

Wan,  V.  n.    Turn  pale,  grow  pale. 

Wand,  n.     I.   Rod,  stick. 

2.  BS-totty  mace,  truncheon,  staff  of  authority. 

3.  Divining-rod. 

Wander,  v.    «.     I.    Ramble,   roam,  rove,  stroll, 
range,  range  about,  gad  about,  straggle. 

2.  Deviate,  swerve,  stray,  digress,  turn  aside, 
go  astray,  straggle. 

3.  Be  delirious,  be  crazed,  rave,  ramble. 
Wanderer,   n.      Rambler,   rover,    stroller,    land- 
loper,  nomad,  traveller,  vagrant,  straggler. 

Wandering,  «.     I.    Roving,  rambling,  travelling, 
travel,  peregrination,  excursion,  range,  roaming. 

2.  Aberration,  deviation  from  rectitude,  mis- 
taken way. 

3.  Aberration  of  mind,  delirium,  raving,  ram- 
bling of  the  mind. 

Wander  over.     Traverse,  pass,  travel  over. 
Wane,  v.  n.     I.    Decrease,  diminish^  grow  less. 

2.   Decline,  fail,  sink. 
Wane,   «.     I.   Diminution,  decrease,  lessenintj. 
2.    Decline,  declension,  decay,  failure,  falling 
off,  decrease. 
Want,   n.     I.   Deficiency,    absence,  lack,  dearth, 
default,   defect. 

2.  Inadequacy,  scarcity,  scarceness,  scanti- 
ness, meagreness,  shortness,  defectiveness,  fail- 
ure, insufficiency,  deficiency,  paucity,  poverty. 

3.  Need,  necessity,  requirement,  desideratum. 

4.  Desire,  wish,  craving,  longing. 

5.  Poverty,  indigence,  penury,  need,  necessity, 
destitution,  distress,  straits,  privation. 

Want,  V.  a.     I.    Lack,  be  without,  be  destitute 
of,   be  in  need  of. 
2.   Require,   need,  have  need  of,  have  occa- 


sion for,  stand  in  need  of,  cannot  do  without, 
cannot  dispense  with. 

3.  Desire,  wish,  crave,  wish  for,  long  for. 

4.  Fall  short  in,  lack,  be  lacUiiig  in  respect  of. 
Want,  V.  n.     I.    Lack,  fail,  be  deficient,  fall  short, 

come  short,  be  lacking. 

2.  Be  missed,  not  to  be  present. 

3.  Omit,  neglect,  fail. 

Wanting,  a.      I.    Deficient,   defective,  lacking, 

absent. 
2.   Slack,  deficient,  backward,  lacking. 
Wanton,  a.      I.    Wandering,  loose,  unrestrained, 

unchecked,  free. 

2.  Luxuriant,  exuberant,  abounding,  rank, 
rampant,  overgrown. 

3.  Sportive,  frolicsome,  playful,  gay,  frisky, 
coltish,  airy,  skittish. 

4.  Dissolute,  licentious,  irregular,  loose. 

5.  Incontinent,  prurient,  lustful,  lewd,  lascivi- 
ous, lecherous,  carnal,  salacious,  libidinous,  con- 
cupiscent, lickerish,  unchaste,  loose. 

6.  Reckless,  heedless,  careless,  inconsiderate, 
needless,  groundless,  gratuitous,  wilful. 

Wanton,  «.     Lewd  person. 

Wanton,  v.  «.      I.    Revel,  frolic,  sport,  play,  dis- 
port, frisk,  romp,  caper. 

2.  Luxuriate,  live  luxuriously,  live  in  clover. 

3.  Toy,  trifle,  play,  sport,  dally  amorously. 
Wapiti,  n.      American  elk,  gray  moose  (Cervits 

Canadensis). 
War,  «.     I.  Enmity,  hostility,  state  of  opposition, 
strife,  contention. 

2.  Declared  hostilities,  fighting,  warfare,  ar- 
bitrament of  the  sword,  contest  of  nations,  armed 
conflict  of  powers,  the  last  argument  of  kings, 
■ultima  ratio  regum. 

3.  Art  of  war,  profession  of  arms. 
War,  V.  n.     I.    Make  war,  carry  on  war. 

2.    Contend,  fight,  strive. 
Warble,  v.  a.     I.   Sing  (w<VA  turns  or  trills  like  a 
iird),  trill. 

2.  Hymn,  carol,  chant,  hum,  utter  musically, 
modulate. 

3.  Cause  to  quaver,  vibrate. 
Warbler,  n.     Singer,  songster. 

War-cry,    «.      Whoop,    war-whoop,    battle-cry, 

slogan. 
Ward,  V.  a.     I.    Watch,  guard. 

2.   Defend,  protect. 
Ward,  V.  n.     Parry,  act  on  the  defensive. 
Ward,  n.     I.    Watch,  guard,  guardianship. 

2.  Warden,  keeper,  defender,  guardian. 

3.  Custody,  confinement. 

4.  Defence,  protection,  garrison,  defender, 
protector,  means  of  guarding. 

5.  {Law.)      Pupil,  minor  {under  guardian' 

6.  Division,  district,  quarter  {o/a  town). 

7.  Division,  apartment. 

8.  Guard  {o/a  loci). 

Warden,  «.     Keeper,  guardian,  warder,  custodian, 

curator,  superintendent. 
Warder,  n.     I.  Keeper,  guardian,  warden,  guard. 

2.  Truncheon,  mace,  staff  of  command. 
Ward   off.       Fend   off,  repel,   turn   aside,   parry, 

avert,  forefend,  keep  off. 
Wardrobe,  «.     I.    Portable  closet  (/or  clothes). 
2.   Apparel,  raiment,  clothes,  clothing,  dresses, 
garments,  vestments,  habiliments,  attire. 
Wardship,  n.    I.  Guardianship,  right  of  guardian- 
ship. 
2.    Pupilage,  minority,  pupilarity. 
Warehouse,  »      Store,  storehouse,  magazine,  re- 

Wjository,  depot. 
ares,  «.  /l.     Goods,  commodities,  merchandise, 
movables. 
Warfare,  «.     I.   Hostilities,  war,  state  of  war. 


WAR-HORSE 


476 


WASTE 


2.  Contest,  struggle,  strife,  discord. 

"War-horse,  «.     Charger. 

Warily,  ad.  Cautiously,  carefully,  heedfully,  cir- 
cumspectly, watchfully,  vigilantly,  charily. 

Wariness,  «.  Caution,  cautiousness,  care,  cir- 
cumspection, watchfulness,  forethought,  vigi- 
lance, foresight,  scrupulousness. 

Warlike,  a.     I.   Fit  for  war. 

2.  Military,  martial,  stratonic,  bellicose. 

3.  Inimical,  unfriendly,  hostile,  disposed  for 
war,  belligerent. 

Warm,  a.     I.    Not  cold,  thermal. 

2.  Sunny,  mild,  genial,  pleasant. 

3.  Close,  muggy,  oppressive. 

4.  Zealous,  ardent,  fervent,  earnest,  fervid, 
glowing,  enthusiastic,  hearty,  cordial,  eager. 

5.  Excited,  lively,  vehement,  passionate,  furi- 
ous, violent,  fiery,  keen. 

6.  {Collog.)  Rich,  wealthy,  forehanded,  well- 
off,  in  good  circumstances. 

Warm,  v,  a.     I.    Heat  {moderately),  make  warm. 

2.   Animate,  excite,  rouse,  waken,  stir  up. 
Warm,  v.  «.     I.    Become  warm. 

2.    Become  ardent,  become  animated. 
Warm-hearted,  a.      Kind,  affectionate,  hearty, 

cordial,  tender,  kind-hearted. 
Warmth,  «.     I.    Glow,  moderate  heat. 

2.  Ardor,  zeal,  fervor,  fervency. 

3.  Enthusiasm,  earnestness,  eagerness,  heat, 
animation,  excitement,  vehemence,  fervency,  pas- 
sion, intensity,  spirit,  cordiality. 

Warn,  v.  a.  I.  Caution  {agaiitst  danger),  pre- 
monish,  forewarn,  exhort  to  take  heed,  put  on 
one's  guard. 

2.  Admonish  {fluith  respect  to  some  duty), 
advise. 

^  3.  Inform,  notify,  apprise,  disclose  to,  men- 
tion to,  communicate  to,  make  aware,  make 
acquainted,  give  notice  to,  give  warning. 

4.  Summon,  bid,  call. 

Warning;,  «.     I.    Caution  {against  danger). 

2.  Admonition,  advice,  monition. 

3.  Notice,  notification. 

4.  Omen,  presage,  portent,  prognostic,  augury, 
sign._ 

Warning,  a.     Admonitory,  monitory. 

War  of  words.  Conteiition,  controversy,  dispute, 
wrangle,  altercation,  discussion,  debate,  disputa- 
tion. 

Warp,  V.  n.  I.  Twist  or  be  twisted  out  of  shape 
[fiy  drying),  spring,  bend. 

2.  Deviate,  swerve,  turn. 

3.  "Wind  along. 

Warp,  V.  a.     I.   Twist  out  of  shape  {by  dryi7tg). 
2.   Pervert,   distort,  bend,    bias,    turn    aside, 

cause  to  swerve,  twist. 
Warrant,  v.  a.     I.  Guarantee,  secure,  answer  for, 

make  secure. 

2.  Assure,  vouch,  avouch,  declare,  affirm, 
attest,  give  assurance  to. 

3.  Maintain,  support,  sanction,  authorize,  jus- 
tify, support  by  authority  or  proof. 

4.  {Laiv.)     Secure  to. 

Warrant,  «.  I.  Guarantee,  security,  surety, 
pledge,  warranty. 

2.  Authority,  commission. 

3.  Permit,  order,  writ, 

4.  Voucher. 

Warrantable,  a.  Justifiable,  allowable,  permissi- 
ble, admissible,  lawful,  proper,  defensible,  vin- 
dicable,  right. 

Warranty,  «.     I.   Stipulation,  agreement. 

2.   Guaranty,  security,  surety,  pledge,  warrant. 

Warrior,  «.  Soldier,  captain,  military  man,  man 
at  arms,  fighting  man. 

Wart,  «.     Morbid  excrescence,  fungous  growth. 

Warted,  a.     {Bot.)    Verrucose. 


War-whoop,  «.     Indian  war-cry. 

Wary,  a.      Cautious,  heedful,  careful,  watchful, 

vigilant,  circumspect,  prudent,  discreet,  guarded, 

scrupulous,  chary. 
Wash,  V.  a.     I.    Cleanse  by  ablution. 

2.  Wet,  moisten,  fall  on  and  moisten. 

3.  Wet,  moisten,  bathe,  lave. 

4.  Overflow,  fall  on,  dash  against. 

5.  Waste,  abrade,  wash  away. 

6.  St.iin,  tint,  color. 

7.  Overlay  {with  a  thin  coat  of  metal),  cover. 
Wash,  V.  n.     I,   Perform  ablution. 

2.  Cleanse  clothes  in  water. 

3.  {Colloq.)     Bear  washing. 

Wash,  «.  I.  Ablution,  lavation,  washing,  bathing, 
cleansing. 

2.  Bog,  marsh,  fen,  quagmire,  slough,  morass, 
swamp. 

3.  Lotion. 

4.  Thin  coating. 

Wash  away.     Purify,  cleanse. 
Wash  away.  )      Remove  by  washing,  take  away 
Wash  off.        >  by  the  action  of  water,  drag  off, 

Wash  out.       )  draw  off,  carry  off. 

Washboard,  n.      I.     Skirting-board,  mop-board, 

base-board,  surbase. 
2.  {Naut.)    Wasteboard. 
Washerwoman,  «.     Laundress, 
Washing,  «.     Ablution,  lavation,  bathing. 
Wash    one's    hands    of.       Exonerate   one's  self 

from,  clear  one's  skirts  from. 
Washy,  a.      I.   Watery,  damp,  moist,  oozy,  wet, 

sloppy. 

2.  Weak,  thin,  dilute,  watery. 

3.  Vapid,  trashy,  spiritless,  pointless,  feeble, 
poor,  unmeaning,  trumpery,  worthless,  jejune, 
wishy-washy  {colloq.). 

Waspish,   a.      I.     Irritable,    irascible,    petulant, 
snappish,  pettish,  snarly,  peevish,  captious,  testy, 
fretful,  splenetic,  touchy,  choleric. 
2.   Slender,  small-waisted,  slim. 

Wassail,  «.  Carousal,  revelry,  revels,  saturnalia, 
debauch,  orgies,  potation,  compotation,  convivial 
entertainment,  jollification,  drunken  bout. 

Waste,  V.  a.  I.  Decrease,  diminish,  wear,  cor- 
rode, use  up,  prey  upon,  wear  away,  consume, 
wear  out,  impair  gradually,  diminish  by  constant 
loss. 

2.  Consume  {foolishly),  spend,  expend,  squan- 
der, dissipate,  lose,  misspend,  misuse,  fool  away, 
fritter  away,  muddle  away,  use  prodigally. 

3.  Spend  in  vain,  expend  uselessly,  lavish, 
squander,  dissipate. 

4.  Destroy,  desolate,  ravage,  pillage,  plunder, 
strip,  ruin,  spoil,  devastate,  sack,  devour. 

5.  {Law.)    Damage,  impair,  injure. 
Waste,  V.   n.     I.    Dwindle,   wither,    pine,   perish, 

decay,  be  diminished,  waste  away. 
2.    Swale,  melt  {as  a  candle),  sweal,  consume. 
Waste,     a.      I.     Destroyed,      ruined,     ravaged, 
spoiled,  devastated,  desolated,  stripped,  bare. 

2.  Dreary,  dismal,  forlorn. 

3.  Wild,  uncultivated,  bare,  untilled,  unoccu- 
pied, unimproved. 

4.  Worthless,  refuse,  valueless,  useless. 

5.  Superfluous,  exuberant. 

Waste,  n.  I.  Consumption,  loss,  diminution, 
decrement,  expenditure,  wasting,  dissipation, 
wear  and  tear. 

2.  Squandering,  prodigality,  wanton  destruc- 
tion, loss. 

3.  Devastation,  ravage,  ruin,  rapine,  destruc- 
tion, desolation,  pillage,  havoc. 

4.  Refiise,  worthless  matter,  rubbish. 

5.  Wild,  wilderness,  desert,  solitude,  lonely 
place,  deserted  region. 

6.  Dreary  void,  expanse. 


WASTEBOARD 


477 


WAX-PAINTING 


Wasteboard,  «.     {N'aut.)    Washboard. 
Wasteful,  a.     I.    Destructive,  ruinous 

2.  Lavish,  prodigal,  protuse,  extravagant, 
thriftless,    unthrifty,   too  free,   too    Uberal,    im- 

WDrovident. 
aster,  «.     Squanderer,  prodigal,  spendthrift. 
Wasting:,  «.    Decay,  decline,  consumption,  maras- 
mus, emaciation,  atrophy,  tabes,  phthisis. 
Watch,   n       I.     Vigil,     watching,     wakefulness, 
watchfulness,  outlook. 

2.  Inspection,  observation,  attention. 

3.  Guard,  sentry,  watchman 

4.  Pocket  timepiece. 

Watch,  V.  n.  I.  Wake,  be  awake,  keep  awake, 
not  be  asleep,  keep  vigil. 

2.  Keep  guard,  keep  watch  and  ward,  stand 
guard,  be  on  guard,  be  on  the  watch,  act  as  senti- 
nel, be  on  the  lookout,  look  sharp,  keep  a  sharp 
lookout,  have  all  one's  eyes  about  one. 

3.  Wait,  look,  be  expectant,  seek  opportu- 
nity. 

Watch,  V.  a.     I.  Guard,  tend,  attend,   have  \n 

keeping. 
2.   Mark,  observe,  eye,  keep  the  eye  on,  keep 

an  eye  upon,  keep  in  view,  not  lose  sight  of. 
Watcnful,    a.      Vigilant,     attentive,     observant, 

awake,   alive,   heedful,   careful,   wary,   cautious, 

circumspect,    guarded,   on  one's  guard,   on  the 

alert,  with  the  eyes  open,  wide-awake,  on  the 

lookout,  wakeful 
Watch-house,  «.     I.   Guard-house. 

2.    Lock-up,  police-station. 
Watching,  «.     I.    Attention. 

2.    Sleeplessness,  vigilance. 
Watchman,  n.     Guard,   sentinel,   picket,   sentry, 

guardsman. 
Watch  over.     Be  cautiously  observant  of,  inspect, 

superintend,  guard  from  danger. 

Watch-pocket, «     Fob. 
Watchword,  «.     Countersign,  password. 
Water,  v  a.     I.   Irrigate,  moisten,  wet 

2.  Supply  with  water  {/or  drmk),  furnish 
with  water,  give  water  to. 

3.  Sprinkle  and  calender  {as  cloth,  to  give  it 
an  undulating  or  wavy  appearance). 

Water,  v.  «.     I.    Shed  water. 
2.  Take  in  water,  get  water. 

Water-bearer,  «.     Aquarius. 

Water-beech,  «.  Sycamore,  buttonwood,  plane- 
tree,  biitton-ball-tree,  water-birch  (/^/a/awjw  occi- 
dentnlis). 

Water-bellows,  n.  sing,  and  //.    Tromp. 

Water-board,  «.     {Naut.)    Weather-board. 

Water-boatman, «.    {E?it.)    Boat-fly. 

Water-brash,  «.     Water-qualm,  pyrosis. 

Water-clock,  «.     Clepsydra. 

Water-closet,   «.     Privy,   backhouse,  necessary, 

Wakes. 
ater-course,  «.     L    Stream,  brook,  river. 

2.   Canal,  drain,  trench,  ditch,  channel,  fosse, 
moat,  sewer,  leat. 
Water-crake,  «.     See  Water-ousel. 
Water-crow,  «.    See  Water-ouseu 
Water-cure,  «.     Hvdropathy. 
Water-doctor,  «.     Hydropathist. 
Watered  silk.    Tabby. 

Water-elder,  n.     {Bot.)    Guelder-rose,  snowball- 
tree  ( yiburnitnt  opulis^. 
Water-elephant,  «.     Hippopotamus. 
Waterfall,  «.     Cataract,  cascade,  fall. 
Water-hen,   «.     Gallinule,   spotted  crake  {Crex 

Wiorzana  or  Gallinula  chloropus) . 
ater-hog,  «.     Capibara,   cabiai  {Hydrochatnis 
capybara). 
Waterish,  a.     I.   Aqueous,  moist,  wet,  watery, 
2.    Thin,  diluted,  weak,  like  water,  watery. 
Waterman,  n.     Boatman,  ferryman. 


I  Water-mole,  «.     I.    Shrew-mole  {Scalops aquati- 
cus). 

2.   Duck-bill,   ornithorynchus,  platypus,  mul- 
langong,  tambreet  {Ornithorynchus  paradoxus). 

Water-nymph,  «.    Naiad. 

Water-oats,  M. /»/.  {Bot.)  Canada-rice,  Indian- 
rice  {Zizania  aquaticd). 

Water-ousel,  I  «.     Dipper,    water-crake,    water- 

Water-OUZel,  I      crow  {Cinclus  aquaticus). 

Water-pepper,  «  Smart- weed  {Folyganum  hy- 
dropiper). 

Water-pimpernel, «.    Brookweed. 

Water-poise,  «.     Hydrometer,  areometer. 

Water-pOX,  «.     {Med.)     Varicella.  ^ 

I  Water -qualm,  «.     Water-brash,  pyrosis. 

Water-ram,  «.     Hydraulic-ram. 

Water-rat,  «.     I.   M usk-rat,  musquash  (0«^^m 
zibethicus). 
2.   Pirate. 

Water-ret,  v.  a.    Water-rot. 

Water-rice,  «.  Indian-rice,  Canada-rice,  water- 
oats  {Zizania  aquatica). 

Water-rot,  v.  a.     Water-ret. 

Water-screw,  n.     Propeller. 

Water-soldier,  «.  {Bot.)  Water-aloe  {Stratiotes 
aloides). 

Water-sparrow,  «.  Chuck,  reed-sparrow,  reed- 
bunting,  king-bird  {Ember iza  schcenicltts) 

Water-spider, «.    Water-tick. 
Water-trefoil,    n.     {Bot.)     Marsh    trefoil,    bog- 
bean,  buck-bean  {Menyanthes  tri/oliata). 
Water-violet,  «.     Feat  her  foil. 
Watery,  a.     I.   Aqueous. 

2.  Thin,  weak,  diluted,  waterish,  like  water. 

3.  Tasteless,  insipid,  vapid,  spiritless- 

4.  Wet,  moist. 

5.  Of  water. 
Watling-Street,  «.     Verlam-street. 
Wattle,  n.     Hurdle  {of  twigs). 

Wave,  n.  I.  Undulation,  billow,  breaker,  surge, 
swell,  ripple. 

2.  Wave  of  vibration. 

3.  Water. 

4.  Unevenness,  inequality  of  surface. 
Wave,  V.  n.      I.    Undulate,    float,    play    loosely, 

play  to  and  fro. 
2.    Be  moved  {as  a  signal). 
Wave,  V.  a.     I.    Brandish,  flourish. 

2.  Beckon,  signal. 

3.  Put  off,  cast  off,  cast  away,  reject. 

4.  Relinquish. 

Waveless,  a.     Smooth,  calm,  placid,  undisturbed. 

Wavelike,  a.     Undulating. 

Waver,  v.  n.     I.    Wave,  undulate,  float,  flicker. 

2.  Totter,  reel,  be  in  danger  of  falling. 

3.  Vacillate,  hesitate,  fluctuate,  be  in  suspense, 
be  undetermined,  be  unsettled,  be  in  doubt. 

Wavering,  «.     I.    Vacillation,  fluctuation. 

2.    Indecision,  indeterminatlon,  hesitancy,  un- 
certainty, irresolution,  vacillation,  fluctuation. 

Wavering,  a  Unsettled,  vacillating,  fickle,  un- 
steady, unstable,  changeable,  fluctuating. 

Waveson,  «.     {Eng.Law.)     Flotsam. 

Wavy,  a.  Undulating,  waving,  playing  to  and 
fro. 

Wax,  V.  a.     Cere,  smear  with  wax. 

Wax,  V.  n.     I.    Increase   (as  the  moon),  become 
larger,  become  fuller. 
2.   Grow,  become,  come  to  be,  get  to  be. 

Waxen,  a.     I.   Wax-like,  waxy. 

2.  Soft,  yielding,  tender. 

3.  Wax-covered. 

4.  Of  wax. 
Wax-moth,  «.     Bee-moth. 

Wax-myrtle,    «.        Bayberry,     candleberry-tree 

{Myrica  cerifera). 
Wax-painting,  «.    Encaustic. 


WAX-WING 


478 


WEATHER 


Wax-wing:,  «.    [U.    S.'i    Cedar-bird    {Ampelis 

Caroliftensis). 
Wax- work,  «.     I.  Wax  figures. 

2.   Climbing  bitter-sweet  (Celastrus  scandens). 
Waxy,  a.     I.   Viscid,  adhesive,  tenacious. 

2.  Yielding,  pliable. 
Way,  «.     I.   Passage,  march,"  advance,  progres- 
sion. 

2.  Road,  path,  route,  course,  track,  street, 
highway,  highroad,  room  for  passing,  oppor- 
tunity to  pass,  passage. 

3.  Method,  mode,  manner,  fashion. 

4.  Space,  distance,  interval. 

5.  Custom,  usage,  habit,  habitude,  practice, 
wont,  second  nature,  regular  course,  habitual 
method,  plan  of  conduct,  mode  of  deahng. 

6.  Scheme,  device,  means  by  which  anything  is 
reached. 

7.  Course,  direction  of  motion,  tendency  of 
action. 

8.  Determined  course,  resolved  mode  of  ac- 
tion. 

9.  {Naut.)    Progress. 

Wayfarer,  «.  Traveller,  passenger,  pilgrim,  itin- 
erant. 

Wayfaring,  a.     Travelling,  passing. 

Waylay,  v.  a.  Lie  in  wait  for  {with  evil  intent), 
lie  in  ambush  for. 

Wayless,  a.     Pathless,  trackless. 

Ways  and  means.  I.  Methods,  resources,  facil- 
ities. 

2.  {Legislation.)  Means  for  raising  money, 
resources  for  revenue. 

Ways  of  God.     His  providential  government. 

Wayward,  a.  Perverse,  froward,  wilful,  obsti- 
nate, headstrong,  stubborn,  intractable,  unruly, 
cross-grained,  refractory,  capricious,  self-willed, 
contrary,  captious. 

Wa3rwlser,  «.  Pedometer,  odometer,  perambu- 
lator 

Wayworn,  a.  Wearied  by  travelling,  travel- 
stained,  footsore,  weary,  fatigued. 

Weak,  a.     I.    Feeble,  languid,  weakly. 

2.  Sickly,  debilitated,  unhealthy,  unsound,  in- 
firm, tender,  valetudinary,  valetudinarian,  invalid, 
frail,  delicate,  fragile. 

3.  Defenceless,  unguarded,  exposed,  unpro- 
tected. 

4.  Soft,  pliant 

5.  Pliable,  pusillanimous,  easily  influenced, 
without  any  backbone,  irresolute. 

6.  Shallow,  simple,  silly,  senseless,  witless, 
stupid,  foolish,  childish,  imbecile. 

7.  Unwise,  injudicious. 

8.  Indiscreet,  erring,  peccable,  foolish,  im- 
prudent. 

9.  Feeble. 

10.  Low,  faint,  small,  feeble,  piping,  womanish. 

11.  Thin,  watery,  diluted,  waterish,  insipid, 
tasteless. 

12.  Sleazy,  flimsy,  shght,  poor,  trifling,  feeble, 
frivolous. 

13.  Poor,  inconclusive,  unconvincing,  unsat- 
isfactory, lame,  illogical,  vague. 

14.  Accessible,  assailable,  vulnerable. 

15.  Unsustained,  unsupported. 

16.  Ineffective,  inefficient,  inefficacious. 

17.  Unsound,  unsafe,  untrustworthy,  frail,  un- 
substantial. 

18.  Infirm,  unstable,  unsteady,  undecided, 
wavering,  unsettled. 

19.  Ineffectual. 

20.  Powerless. 

21.  Delicate,  frail,  fragile. 

22.  Small,  slight,  slender,  inconsiderable. 
Weaken,  v.  a.     I.    Enfeeble,  enervate,  debilitate, 

unnerve,  make  weak. 


2.  Invalidate,  make  of  less  eflfect. 

3.  Reduce,  depress,  debase,  lower,  impair. 

Weaker  vessel.    Woman. 

Weak-fish,  «.  Squeteague  {Labrus  squeteague 
or  Onolitlius  regalis). 

Weak-headed,  a.     See  Weak-minded. 

Weakly,  a.     Feeble,  weak,  infirm. 

Weak-minded,  a.  Shallow,  weak,  soft,  sappy, 
feeble-minded,  short-witted,  half-witted,  weak- 
headed. 

Weakness,  «.  See  Weak,  under  its  various 
senses. 

Weal,  «•  Welfare,  prosperity,  good,  advantage, 
happiness,  interest,  utility,  profit. 

Wealth,  n.  Affluence,  opulence,  abundance,  for- 
tune, independence,  competence,  riches,  mam- 
mon, pelf,  money,  treasure,  funds,  cash,  property. 

Wealthy,  a.  Affluent,  opulent,  rich,  moneyed, 
flush,  well-off,  well-to-do. 

Wean,  v.  a.     I.   Put  from  the  breast. 

2.   Withdraw,  disengage,  alienate,  detach,  rec- 
oncile to  the  loss  of  anything. 

Wean,  «.     Weanling. 

Weaponless,  a.     Unarmed. 

Weapons, «.  pi.    Arms. 

Wear,  v.  a.  I.  Carry  {upon  the  person),  bear, 
have  on. 

2.  Bear,  have  an  appearance  of,  exhibit  in  ap- 
pearance. 

3.  Use  up  by  having  upon  one. 

4.  Impair  Cby  use),  waste,   consume  by  use, 
use  up,  wear  away,  wear  out. 

5.  Impair,  waste,  diminish,  consume  gradually, 
spend,  cause  to  disappear, 

6.  Cause  by  friction,  occasion  by  wasting. 

7.  Affect  by  degrees,  bring  about  gradually. 

8.  {Naut.)    [Written  also  Ware^    Veer. 
Wear,  v.  «.     I.    Be  wasted,  wear  away. 

2.  Endure  use,  last  under  employment. 

3.  Suffer  injury  by  use,   be  wasted,   be  con- 
sumed, be  diminished  by  use. 

4.  Be  tediously  spent,  be  consumed  by  slow 
degrees. 

Wear  away.     I.   {Active.)    Waste,  consume,  im- 
pair, diminish,  destroy  by  gradual  attrition,  wear. 
2.    Consume,  spend  tediously,  use  up. 

Wear  away.   {Neuter.)   Be  consumed,  be  wasted. 

Wearied,  a.  Tired,  fatigued,  jaded,  fagged,  ex- 
hausted, weary. 

Weariness,  «.  Fatigue,  lassitude,  exhaustion, 
prostration,  languor,  languidness. 

Wearisome,  a.  Tedious,  tiresome,  fatiguing,  an- 
noying, weary,  vexatious,  trying,  humdrum, 
prosy,  monotonous,  uninteresting,  irksome. 

Wear  off .     {Active.)    I.   Obliterate,  rub  oflF, 
2.    Diminish  by  attrition,  rub  off 

Wear  off.  {Neuter.)  Pass  off  by  degrees  or  grad- 
ually. 

Wear  out.     I.   Consume,  render  useless,  waste. 

2.  Consume  tediously. 

3.  Harass,  tire. 

4.  Waste  the  strength  of. 

Weary,  «•     I*    Fatigued,  tired,   exhausted,  wea- 
ried. 
2.  Tiresome,  irksome,  wearisome. 

Weary,  v.  a.  I.  Fatigue,  tire,  jade,  fag,  exhaust, 
tire  out,  wear  out. 

2.  Make  impatient  by  continuance. 

3.  Harass,  irk,  dispirit. 

Weary  out.  Subdue  by  fatigue,  exhaust  com- 
pletely. 

Weasand,  «•     Windpipe,  trachea,  throttle,  throat. 

Weasel-coot,  «.  Red-headed  smew  {Mergus 
minutus). 

Weather,  v.  a.     I.  {Naut)    Pass  to  windward 
of,  pass  between  the  wind  and. 
2.    Endure,     sustain,    bear,    stand,    bear    up 


WEATHER  A  POINT 


479 


WELL-GROUNDED 


against,  get  the  better  of,  resist,  encounter  and 

sustain. 
Weather  a  point.     I.   Gain  a  point  toward  the 

wind 
2.  Gain  or  accomplish  anything  against  op- 

position. 
weather-cock,  «.     I.   Vane,  weather-vane. 

2.  Trimmer,  time-server,  fickle    person,    cha- 
meleon. 
Weather  out.      Encounter    successfully,    though 

with  difficulty ;  endure. 
Weave,  v.  a.     i.    Interlace  (as  the  threads  of  a 

fabric),  intwine,  plait,  plat,  braid,  mat. 

2.  Unite  intimately,  un:te  by  close  connection 
or  intermixture. 

3.  Compose,  form  into  a  fabric. 
Weave,  v  «.     Work  a  loom,  practise  weaving. 
Weazen,  a.     Thin,  sharp,  lean,  withered,  shrunk- 
en, dried,  shrivelled,  wizened. 

Web,    n.     I.  Texture,    tissue,    structure,    textile 
fabric 

2.  Suffusion  {of  the  eye),  film. 

3.  Cobweb 

4.  Membrane  {as   in  the  feet  of  s^vimniing 
birds). 

Web-footed,  a.     Palmiped. 
Wed,  V.  a.     I.    Marry,  espouse. 

2.  Join  in  marriage,  give  in  wedlock. 

3.  Attach  firmly,  unite  closely  in  affection. 

4.  Unite  forever,  connect  indissolubly. 
Wed,  V.  n.     Marry,  contract  matrimony. 
Wedding,  «.     Marriage,  nuptials,  espousals,  bri- 
dal,  marriace  ceremony,  nuptial  rites. 

Wedee-Shaped,  a,     Cuneiform. 

Wedlock,  n.     Matrimony,  nuptial  state,  marriage. 

Wee,  a.     Little,  small,  diminutive,  tiny,  minikin, 

WDygmy,  pygmean,  Liliputian. 
eed,  V.  a.     I.   Rid  of  weeds,  free  from  noxious 
plants. 

2.  Root  out,   extirpate,  take  away,  remove, 
eradicate 

3.  Free,  rid 

Weeds,  «.  //.     Mourning,  symbol  of  sorrow. 
Week-day,  «.     Work-day. 
Weekly,  a.     Hebdomadal,  hebdomadary. 
Ween,  v.  n.    {Poetical.)    Fancy,  imagine,  think, 

suppose. 
Weep,  V.  n.    I.   Cry,  sob,  shed  tears. 

2.  Lament,  complain. 

3.  Flow  in  drops,  run  in  drops. 

4.  Drip,  drop  water. 

5.  Droop,  be  pendent. 

Weep,  V  a.     I.    Lament,  bewail,  bemoan. 

2.   Shed,  pour  forth,  drop,  shed  drop  by  drop. 
Weft,«.     Woof. 

Weigh,  V.  a.     I.   Bear  up,  raise,  swing  up,  lift  so 
that  It  hangs  in  the  air. 

2.  Try  in  the  balance,  find  the  weight  of,  de- 
termine the  heaviness  of 

3.  Counterbalance,  be  equivalent  to  in  weight, 
have  the  heaviness  of. 

4.  Pay,  allot,  take  by  weight. 

5.  Examine,    ponder,   balance   in  the    mind, 
meditate  upon,  estimate  deliberately,  balance. 

6.  Regard,  esteem  as  worthy  of  notice. 
Wei?h,  V.  n.     I.   Gravitate,  be  heavy. 

2.    Bear,  press,  bear  heavily,  press  hard. 
Wei?h  down.     I.  (Active.)    Overbalance. 

2.    Oppress,  overburden,  depress. 
Weigh  down.    (Neuter.)    Sink  by  its  own  weight. 
Weight,   n.     I.    Heaviness,  gravity,   ponderous- 
ness,  ponderosity. 

2.  Pressure,  burden,  load. 

3.  Importance,  influence,  power,  efficacy,  con- 
sequence, moment,  significance,  import,  pith. 

4.  Scale,  mode  of  estimating  weight,  measure, 
system  of  weighing. 


Weight,  V.  a.     Load,  make  heavy,  load  down. 
Weightily,  ad.     I.    Heavily,  ponderously. 
2.    Forcibly,  impressively,  significantly. 
Weightiness,  «.  I.   Ponderousness,  gravity,  heav- 
iness. 

2.  Solidity,  force,  impressiveness. 

3.  Importance,  gravity,  consequence,  moment. 
Weighty,  a.     I.    Heavy  (iidrinsically\   ponder- 
ous, onerous. 

2.  Important,  influential,  eflScacious,  forcible, 
momentou.s,  grave,  serious,  of  consequence. 

Weir,  «.  [Written  also  Wear^  Wier,  and  iVere.^ 
Dam. 

Weird,  n.    I.    Fate,  destiny. 

2.  Si>e]l,  charm. 

3.  Prediction. 

Weird,  a.     I.    Skilled  in  witchcraft. 
2.    Supernatural,  unearthly,  wild. 
Weird  Sisters.    \Scotch.\   The  Fates,  the  Sisters 

three,  Parcce. 
Welcome,  «.     I.   Greeting,  salutation. 

2.    Kind  reception. 
Welcome,  v.  a.     Greet,  receive,  bid  welcome. 
Welcome,  a.     I.    Gladly  received  or  entertained, 
admitted  with  pleasure. 

2.  Acceptable,  pleasing,  agreeable,  pleasant, 
grateful,  gratifying. 

3.  Free  to  have,  free  to  enjoy  gratuitously. 
Welcome,  interj.     You  are  welcome. 

Weld,  «.    [Written  also  Wold,  IVoad,  Woald,  and 

IVould.]     Dyer's  weed  (Reseda  luteola). 
Welfare,  «.     Prosperity,  happiness,  success,  weal, 

well-being,  advantage,  benefit,  profit. 
Welkin,  «.      (Poetical).      Sky,  empyrean,  firma- 
ment, heaven,  the  heavens,  canopy  of   heaven, 
vault  of  heaven,  starry  heavens- 
Well,   «.     I.     Spring,  fountain,  well-head,  well- 
spring. 
2.   Source,  origin. 
Well,  V.  n.     Issue,  spring,  flow. 
Well,  ad.     I.    Rightly,  justly,  in  a  proper  manner. 

2.  Properly,  suitably,  correctly,  accurately, 
thoroughly,   skilfully,  not  amiss. 

3.  Sufficiently,  abundantly,  amply,  fully,  thor- 
oughly, adequately. 

4.  Favorably,  commendably,  with  praise. 

5.  Highly,  very  much. 

6.  Far,  considerably,  not  a  little. 

7.  Conveniently,  easily. 

Well,  a.  I.  Healthy,  hale,  hearty,  in  health, 
sound,  in  good  health. 

2.  Fortunate,  happy. 

3.  Profitable,  convenient,  beneficial,  expedi- 
ent, good,  useful,  advantageous,  for  one's  advan- 
tage, for  one's  interest. 

4.  Favored,  fortunate,  beins:  in  favor. 
Well-a-day,  interj.     Alas,  lackaday. 
Well-appointed,      a.      Fully      furnished,     well- 

enuipped. 

Well-authenticated,  a.  Supported  by  good  au- 
thority,  trustworthy,  well-founded. 

Well-behaved,  a.  Courteous,  civil,  polite,  well- 
bred,  well-mannered,  polished,  of  good  manners. 

Well-being,  «.     See  Welfare. 

Well-bom,  a.  Gentle,  high-born,  of  good  de- 
scent, of  a  good  stock 

Well-bred,  a.  Refined,  polished,  polite,  cour- 
teous, cultivated. 

Well-doing,  «.  Right  conduct,  good  actions,  up- 
right deeds. 

Well  enough.  Tolerably,  sufficiently  well,  so  as 
to  give  sati.'^faction,  moderately  well. 

Well-favored,  a.  Good-looking,  comely,  person- 
able, plea.'sing  to  the  eye. 

Well-founded,  a.    I.  Authentic 
2.    Well-grounded 

Well-grounded,  a.    I.  Well-founded. 


WELL-HEAD 


480 


WHEREWITH 


2.    Well-prepared,    well-instructed,     well-in- 
formed, well-read,  well-taught. 

Well-head,  «.  Spring,  fountain,  well,  well-spring, 
source. 

Well-informed,  a.  Correctly  informed,  provided 
with  information,  intelligent,  well  furnished  with 
knowledge. 

Well-intentioned,  a.     Well-meaning. 

Well-known,  a.  Widely  known,  fully  known, 
generally  known. 

Well-mannered,  a.     See  Well-behaved. 

Well-meaning,  a.     Well-intentioned. 

Well-meant,  a.     Friendly,  kind,  rightly  intended. 

Well-nigh,  ad     Almost,  nearly. 

Well-off,  a.  Prosperous,  thriving,  flourishing,  fore- 
handed, beforehand,  in  easy  circumstances,  well- 
to-do,  possessed  of  a  competence,  m  good  con- 
dition. 

Well-read,  a.  Erudite,  learned,  lettered,  literary, 
book-learned 

Well  read  in.     Deeply  versed  in. 

Well-spring,  n.  Spring,  fountain,  well,  well-head, 
source  of  continual  supply. 

Well-timed,  a.  Opportune,  seasonable,  timely, 
happy,  felicitous,  all  in  good  time. 

Well-to-do,  a.     Well-off. 

Well-wisher,  n.     Friend,  favorer,  encourager. 

Welter,  y.  n.     I.   Wallow,  tumble  about,  roll. 
2.  Rise  and  fall  {as  waves),  tumble  over  {as 
billows)- 

Wench,  n.     I.   Strumpet. 

2.   SJJ.  S.^    Negress,  colored  woman. 

Wend,  V.  n.     Go,  pass,  betake  one's  self 

Wend,  V.  a.     Direct,  betake 

Wend  one's  way.    Go,  travel,  journey,  pass. 

Were-WOlf,  «.  [Written  also  Wehr-wolf.\  Man- 
wolf. 

Wesleyanism,  «.    Methodism. 

West,  n.     Occident. 

West,  a.     Western,  westerly,  occidental. 

Westerly,  a.     Western,  west. 

Westerly,  ad.     I.   Westward,  toward  the  west. 

2.    From  the  west. 
Western,  a.     I,   West,  occidental. 

2.  Westerly,  toward  the  west,  westward. 
Westward,  ad.  Westerly,  toward  the  west. 
Wet,  a.     I.   Damp,  moist,  humid,  dank. 

2.   Rainy,  showery,  very  damp. 
Wet,  «.     I.   Humidity,  moisture,  dampness,  wet- 
ness. 

2.   Rainy  weather,  foggy  or  misty  weather. 
Wet,    V.   a.     Moisten,   damp,   dampen,    sprinkle, 

soak. 
Wetness,  n.     I.  Moisture,  humidity, 

2.    Fogginess,  mistiness,  wet. 

Whale-bone,  «      Baleen,  whale-fin. 

Whale-oil,  «.     Train-oil. 

Whame,  n.     Burrel-fly,  ox-fly,  gad-fly. 

Wharf, «.    Quay. 
What,/r<?«      I.  That  which 

2.  The  sort  of,  the  kind  of 

3.  Which  {out  of  many,  or  of  many  kinds). 

4.  How,  how  great,  how  remarkable. 

5.  In  part,  partly. 

6.  Whatever,  whatsoever,  what  thing  soever. 
Whatever,   pron.     I.    Anything,   be  it  what  it 

may,  anything  soever,  whatsoever. 
2.   All  that,  the  whole  that. 

What  if.    Wliat  will  it  matter  if,  what  will  hap- 

^pen.  or  be  the  result  if 

Whatsoever,  pron.     Whatever. 

What  though.  What  matters  it  that,  allowing 
that,  supposing  that,  even  granting  that,  notwith- 
standing. 

What  time.     At  the  time  when. 

What  to  do  with.  How  to  use,  how  to  employ, 
how  to  dispose  of. 


What  with.     Partly,  in  part 
Wheat-bird,  «.     Night-jar,  goat-sucker. 
Wheat-ear,  «.     Fallow-finch,  white-ear  {Saxicola 

ananthe) 
Wheat -fly,  «.     Yitssmn-^y  (Cectdomyia  destruc^ 

tor). 
Wheat-grass,     «.       Twitch-grass,     couch-grass, 

dog's-grass,     dog-wheat,     knot-grass    {Triticum 

repens ). 
Wheat-moth,     «.       I.     Grain-moth,    corn-moth 

{Tinea  granella). 
2.   Angumois  moth  {Anacampsts  cerealella). 
Wheedle,  v.  a.     I.    Flatter,  cajole. 

2.    Inveigle,  humor,  court,  fawn  upon,  coax, 

Wjay  court  to. 
heedler,  «.     I.   Flatterer,  coaxer. 

2.   Sycophant,  parasite,  fawner,  toady,  flunky, 
spaniel,  lick-spittle,  pick-thank,  toad-eater,  time- 
server,  hanger-on,  mean  flatterer. 
Wheel,  V.  n.     I.   Move  on  wheels,  roll. 

2.  Revolve,  rotate,  turn,  roll,  turn  on  an  axis- 

3.  Gyrate,  turn  round,  move  round. 

4.  Revolve,    move  round,  move  in  a  circle, 
turn. 

5.  Fetch  a  compass. 

6.  Deviate,  deflect,  diverge,  turn  aside,  alter 
one's  course. 

7-    Move  forward,  roll  forward. 
Wheel,  V  a.     I.    Whirl,  twirl,  spin,  put  into  a  ro- 
tatory motion. 

2.    Move  on  wheels,  convey  on  wheels. 
Wheel-horse,  «.     Wheeler. 
Wheel-house,  n.     (Naut.)     Paddle-box. 
Wheeze,  v.  n.     Breathe  hard,  breathe  audibly. 
Whelk,  «.     I.   Protuberance,  pustule. 

2.    Stripe,  streak,  mark,  wale. 
Whelm,  v.a.     I.   Overwhelm. 

2.    Cover  completely,   immerse   deeply,  over- 
whelm, overburden 
Whelp,  «.     I.    Cub,  young  beast. 

2.  Puppy,  pup,  young  dog. 

3.  Youth,  young   man  {jocosely  or    in    con- 
tempt). 

When,  ad.    I.  At  the  time,  at  the  time  that. 

2.  Whenever,  at  what  time. 

3.  While,  whereas. 

4.  Which  time,  then 
Whence,  ad.     I.    From  what  place. 

2.    From  what  cause,  from  what  source,  how. 

Whenever,  ad.     At  whatever  time,  whensoever. 

Whensoever,  ad.     See  Whenever. 

Where,  ad.     I.   At  which  place,  in  which  place. 

2.  At  what  place,  in  what  place 

3.  Whither,  to  what,  to  which  place  {recentj. 
Whereabouts,  ad.    Near  what  place,  about  where, 

near  what. 
Whereabouts,  «.     {Colloq.)    Residence,  location. 
Whereas,  conj.      I.    Since,   considering  that,   it 

being  the  case  that. 
2.   When  in  fact,  while  on  the  contrary. 
Whereby,  ad.     By  which. 
Wherefore,  a^.  and  conj.    I.  Why,  for  what  cause 

or  reason,  on  what  account. 

2.  Why,  for  what  reason. 

3.  For  which  reason 
Wherein,  ad.     I.    In  which. 

2.    In  what. 
Whereof,  ad.    I.  Of  which. 

2.   Of  what. 
Wheresoever,  ad.     In  what  place  soever,  in  what- 
ever place,  wherever. 
Whereto,  ad     I.   To  which. 

2.   To  what,  to  what  end. 
Whereupon,  ad.    Upon  which,  in  consequence  of 

which. 
Wherever,  ad     In  whatever  place. 
Wherewith,  ad.     I.    With  which,  wherewithal. 


WHEREWITHAL 


481 


WHOOP 


2.   With  what 

Wherewithal,  ad.     See  Wherewith. 

Wherewithal,  «  (CoUoq.,  used  with  The  pre- 
fixed.) Tlie  means  {^vuith  which  to  accomplish 
any  purpose). 

Whet,  V.  a.     I.   Sharpen  {by  rubbing). 

2.  Stimulate,  excite,  arouse,  rouse. 

3.  Stir  up,  excite,  provoke,  make  angry. 

4.  Animate,  warm,  kindle,  quicken. 

met  Jn?^^*^"  1  U'S^  °°«  urge  forward,  instigate. 

Whet-slate,  n.  (Min.)  Novacuh'te,  whetstone- 
slate,  Turkey-stone,  oil-stone,  whetstone. 

Which,  pron.     I.   What  one. 
2.   That 

Whiff,  «.     Puff,  blast,  sudden  gust. 

Whiff,  V  a.     Pufi 

Whiffle,  V.  n.  Veer  {as  by  change  of  wind),  turn 
about,  waver,  shake,  shift,  turn,  prevaricate,  be 
fickle,  be  unsteady. 

Whiffle-tree,  «.     Whipple-tree. 

Vhile,  n.     Time,  season,  space  of  time. 

While,  ad.     I.   During  the  time  that. 

2.  As  long  as. 

3.  At  the  same  time  that. 

4.  Under  which  circumstances,  in  which  case, 
though. 

While  away.     Pass  away  {as  time),  spend  pleas- 
antly. 
Whim,  n.     Freak,  fancy,  vagary,  humor,   caprice, 

crotchet,  quirk,  whimsey,  kink,  wrinkle  {coiiog.). 
Whimper,  v.  n.     Cry  {in  low  and  broken  tones), 

whine. 
Whimsey,  «.    Caprice,  whim. 
Whimsical,    a.      I.    Capricious,    freakish,     odd, 

singular,  strange,   fanciful,   fantastical,   notional, 

crotchety,  queer,  quaint. 
2.    Singular,  curious,  odd,  fantastic,  grotesque, 
^quaint. 
Whimsicality,  «     I.   Whimsicalness.  singularity, 

freakishness,  odd  disposition. 
2.    Oddity,  whim,  caprice,  freak. 
Whine,  v.  n.     I.   Cry  {plaintively),  moan  {in  a 

childish  way). 

2.   Complain  meanly,  grumble. 

Whine,  «•     I.    Plaintive  tone. 

2.    Mean  or  affected  complaint. 

Whinny,  v. «     Neigh. 

Whip,  V.  n.     {Ludicrous.)     Move  nimbly. 
Whip,  w- a.     I.    Lash,  strike  (w//A  a  «r<7r^,  beat. 

2.  Dri  e  with  lashes,  cause  to  rotate,  spin. 

3.  Flog  beat,  punish  with  the  whip,  flagellate, 
scourge,  la^h 

4.  Lash    hurt,  sting. 

5.  Strike,  thrash,  beat  out  (cu  grain). 
6>    Stitch   baste,  sew  lightly,  overcast. 

7.  Wrap,  inwrap,  overlay  with  cord 

8.  Snatch,   jerk,    whisk,    take    by    a    sudden 
motion. 

Whip  and  spur.    With   the  utmost  haste,  with 

sail  and  steam,  veils  et  remis. 
Whip-hand,  «.     Advantage,  upper-hand,  better. 
Whip  in.     I.   Drive  in,  keep  from  scattering. 

2.    Collect  in,  keep  together. 
Whipping,    n.      Flogging,    beating,    castigation, 

thrashing. 
Whipple-tree, «     Whiffle-tree. 
Whip-staff,  «.    Tiller, 
Whip-stock,  n.     Whip-stalk,  whip-stick. 
Whirl,  V.  n      Twirl,  revolve,  rotate,  spin. 
Whirl,  V.  a.     Twirl   spin,  wheel,  turn  round. 
Whirl,  n      Gyratiot  ,  rotation. 
Whirl-bone,  «.     Pa  ella,  knee-pan. 
Whirling-,  «.     Twirl,  circular  motion. 
Whirlpool,  n      Vortex,  eddy. 
Whirlwind,  «     Cyclone 
Whirring,  «.     Whu,  buzzing  noise. 

31 


Whisk,  V.  n.     I.  Trip,  speed,  hasten,  hie,  post, 
scud,  brush,  move  nimbly,  push  on,  dash  on,  cut 
along. 
2.    Brush 

Whisper,  v.  «.  Speak  under  the  breath,  speak 
softly 

Whisper,  v  a      Breathe,  utter  softly. 

Wllisper,  «.     I.    Whispering,  susurrus. 

2.  Low,  soft  voice  ,  gentle  utterance. 

3.  Murmur,  sibilant  sound  {as  of  the  wind). 
4.    Hint,  intimation,  inkling. 

Whist, /w/^ry.     Hush,  silence,  be  still,  be  silent, 

keep  quiet,  make  no  noise. 
Whistle-fish,   n.     Rockiing,   sea-louch    {Motella 

vulgaris). 
Whit,  n     Iota,  jot,  tittle,  particle,  bit,  atom,  grain, 

scrap,  mite,  ace,  scintilla. 
White,  a.     I.   Of  a  white  color,  snowy,   frosty, 

hoary,  hoar. 

2.  Pale,  wan,  destitute  of  color,  pallid. 

3.  Pure,  clean,  spotless,  unblemished 

4.  Gray. 

5.  Happy,  fortunate,  innocent. 
White-ant,  «.     Termite,  termes. 
White-bear,  ».      Polar-bear  {Thalarctos  maritt- 

vius). 
White  bismuth.     Sub-nitrate  of  bismuth. 
White-brant,    n.       Snow-goose    (Anser   hyper- 

boreus) 
White-cedar,   n.      Arbor  vitae  {Thuja  occiden- 

talis) 
White-copper,  «.     Packfong,  German  silver. 
White- copperas,  «.     Coquunbite. 
White-ear,  «.    Fallow-finch,  wheat-ear  {Saxicola 

a?nattthe). 
Wllite-lead,  n.    Ceruse,  carbonate  of  lead. 
Whiten,  v.  a.     I.    Bleach,  blanch,  etiolate,  make 

white. 
2.   Cover  with  white,  make  white. 
Whiten,  v   n      Bleach,  blanch,  etiolate,  become 

or  crow  white. 
White-nun,  «.     Smew  {Mergus  albellus). 
White- poplar,  «.     Abele-tree  ( Populus  alba) 
White-smith,  «.     Tin-smith. 
White-thorn,   «.       Hawthorn  (Crataegus   oxya- 

cant  ha) 
White- vitriol,  «.     Sulphate  of  zinc. 
White-weed,  «.     White  daisy,  ox-eye  daisy  {Leu- 

canthemum  vulgare). 
White-wood,  «.    Tulip-tree  {Liriodendron  tulip- 

ifera). 
Whither,  ad.     I.   To  what  place. 

2.   To  which  place. 
Whiting,  n.     I.    Spanish  white. 

2.   {Ich.)    Merling  {Gadus  merlangus). 
Whitish,  a.     Somewhat  white. 
Whitlow,  «.     {Med)     Felon. 
Whit-Sunday,  n.     See  Whit.suntidk. 
Whitsuntide,  «.     Whit-Sunday,  Pentecost. 
Whiz,  V.  n.     Buzz,  whir. 
Whiz,  «.     Whirring,  buzzing,  buzzing  noise. 
Whole,  a.     I.    All,  total. 

2.  Entire,  undivided,  integral,  complete. 

3.  Uninjured,  unimpaired,  unbroken,  perfect, 
faultless,  good,  firm,  strong. 

4.  Sound,  well,  healthy 

Whole,  n.  All,  total,  totality,  aggregate,  gross, 
amount,  sum,  sum  total. 

Wholesome,  a.  I.  Healthy,  healthful,  salubrious, 
salutary,  sahitiferous,  helpful,  nourishing,  nutri- 
tious, strengthening,  invigorating,  roborant. 

2.  Beneficial,    salutary,     helpful,    improving, 
good. 

3.  Sound,  healthv,  uncorrupt,  fresh. 
Wholly,  ad.     I.   Totally,  altogether,  utterly. 

2.    Entirely,  completely,  fully,  perfectly. 
Whoop,  n.     Shout,  halloo,  hoot,  yell. 


WHOOp 


482 


WING 


Whoopy  V.  ft.  Shout,  halloo,  hollo,  holla,  yell,  cry 
out. 

Whooping-cough,  «.  [Written  also  Hooping- 
cough.'\     Chin-cough. 

Whopper,  «.  {Colioq.)  Falsehood,  lie,  bounce, 
bouncer. 

Whore,  «.  Harlot,  prostitute,  strumpet,  courtesan, 
bawd,  punk,  drab,  demirep,  street-walker,  night- 
walker,  Cyprian,  woman  of  the  town,  woman  of 
ill  fame- 
Why,  ad.  I.  Wherefore,  for  what  cause  or  rea- 
son, on  what  account. 

2.  For  what  purpose,  with  what  intent,  to  what 
end. 

Wicked,  a,  I.  Sinful,  vicious,  depraved,  unprin- 
cipled, immoral,  impious,  irreligious,  unrighteous, 
ungodly,  godless,  profane,  irreverent,  worthless, 
graceless,  vile,  abandoned,  corrupt. 

2.  Bad,  evil,  unjust,  ill,  atrocious,  iniquitous, 
heinous,  flagitious,  nefarious,  criminal,  outrage- 
ous, monstrous,  villanous. 

Wickedness,    «       I.     Sin,   evil,   depravity,  vice, 
immorality,    unrighteousness,  sinfulness,    crime, 
criminality,  villany, 
2.   Atrocity,  iniquity,  enormity,  flagitiousness. 

Wicker,  «.     Twig,  osier,  withe. 

Wide,  «.     I.    Broad. 

2.  Spacious,  vast,  large,  ample,  extensive, 
expanded. 

3.  Remote,  distant. 

Wide-awake,  a.  Watchful,  vigilant,  attentive, 
observant,  heedful,  careful,  wary,  cautious,  cir- 
cumspect, on  the  alert,  with  the  eyes  open. 

Width,  n.     Breadth,  broadness,  wideness. 

Wield,  V  a.     I.    Handle,  brandish. 

2,   Manage,  use,  control,  make  use  of 

Wife,  ft  Married  woman,  matron,  helpmate,  con- 
sort, spouse,  mate,  partner,  better  half,  wife  of 
one's  bosom,  gray  mare. 

Wig,  «.     Peruke,  periwig,  scratch. 

Wight,  «.  [/«  irony  or  burlesque. '\  Creature, 
being,  person 

Wigwam,  «.  Hut  {of  an  Atttericatt  Iftdian), 
cabin,  tepee. 

Wild,  a.     I.    Undomesticated,  untamed. 

2.  Uncultivated,  native. 

3.  Uncivilized,  savage,  rude,  ferocious,  bar- 
barous, unrefined,  untamed. 

4.  Impetuous,  turbulent,  irregular,  violent, 
ungoyerned,  unrestrained,  disorderly,  furious, 
frantic,  frenzied,  outrageous. 

5.  Giddy,  reckless,  thoughtless,  hare-brained, 
inconsiderate,  heedless,  light-headed,  harum- 
scarum  {colloq.'^. 

6.  Fanciful,  imaginary,  extravagant,  visionary, 
crazy,  grotesque,  strange,  bizarre. 

Wild,  «.     Desert.     See  Wilderness. 

Wild-bean,  «.     Ground-nut  {Apios  tuberosa). 

Wild-hriar,  «.   Dog-rose,  hep-tree  {Rosa  canimi)- 

Wilderness,  «     Wild,  desert,  waste. 

Wild  ginger>     Canada  snake-root. 

Wild-goose  chase.  Foolish  pursuit,  foolish  en- 
terprise, wool-gathering. 

Wile,  «  Trick,  stratagem,  cheat,  fraud,  chicane, 
chicanery,  artifice,  chouse,  imposture,  deceit,  im- 
position, deception,  ruse,  dodge,  fetch,  manoeuvre, 
cunning  contrivance,  crafty  device. 

Wilful,  a.  [Written  also  IVtU/ul.']  I.  Obstinate, 
stubborn,  perverse,  contumacious,  refractory, 
headstrong,  unruly,  intractable,  mulish,  dogged, 
inflexible,  heady,  self-willed,  pig-headed,  obdu- 
rate, cantankerous. 
2.   Self-willed,  arbitrary,  capricious. 

Will,  ft.  I.  Power  of  determination,  power  of 
choosing,  faculty  of  volition,  volition. 

2.  Resolution,  resoluteness,  determination, 
decision,  self-reliai^ce,  fprce  of  wiUr 


3.  Wish,  desire,  inclination,  disposition,  pleas- 
ure. 

4.  Command,  behest,  order,  direction. 

5.  Testament,  last  will  and  testament. 
Will,  V.  a,      I,    Determine,  decree,  enjoin,  com- 
mand, direct 

2.   Bequeath,  devise,  demise,  leave,  give  by 
will. 

Will,  V.  ft.     I.    Exercise  volition. 

2.   Desire,   choose,  elect,  be  disposed,  be  in- 
clined, be  pleased,  have  a  mind. 

Willing,  a.  Inclined,  disposed,  desirous,  minded, 
ready,  of  a  mind,  nothing  loath,  not  averse. 

Willing,  ft.  Volition,  resolution,  resolving,  deter, 
mining,  determination. 

Willingly,  ad.  I.  Cheerfully,  readily,  gladly, 
with  all  one's  heart. 

2.   Voluntarily,  of  one's  own  accord,  spontane- 
ously 

Will-o'-the-wisp,  «.  Friar's  lantern,  Jack-with- 
a-lantern.  Jack-o'-lantern,  igfiis /atuus. 

Willow,  ft.     Osier. 

Wilt,  V.  ft.  \Cotnfnon  in  U.  S.,  local  in  Eng.] 
Droop,  wither. 

Wily,  a.  Insidious,  artful,  cunning,  sly,  crafty, 
subtle,  arch,  designing,  deceitful,  treacherous, 
trickish,  tricky,  intriguing,  politic,  foxy,  snaky, 
crooked,  diplomatic,  Machiavelian. 

Win,  V.  a.     I.  Get  (by  mastery  or  in  cofnpetition), 
gain,   obtain,   procure,   acquire,    earn,    achieve, 
catch. 
^  2.    Bring  over,  gain  over,  get  the  compliance  of. 

Win,  V.  n.      I.   Succeed,  be  successful,  gain  the 
victory, 
2.   [Archaic  or  poetical.]    Reach,  get,  arrive. 

Wince,  v.  «      Flinch,  shrink,  startle,  start  back. 

Wind,  ft.  I.  Air  (ift  ffiotioti).  draught,  breeze, 
zephyr,  puff  of  air,  breath  of  air 

2.    Breath,  respiration. 
_  3.    Flatulence. 

Wind,  V.  a.    I.   Coil,  twine,  twist,  wreathe. 
^  2.   Turn  in  and  out. 

Wind,  V.  n.  I.  Twine,  coil,  twist,  turn  and  twist, 
take  a  spiral  course. 

2.   Meander,  turn  in  and  out,  bend,  curve,  be 
devious,  be  tortuous. 

Windfall,  «  Godsend,  unexpected  gift,  stroke  of 
luck  or  good  fortune,  good  luck,  run  of  luck, 
{jiece  of  good  fortune,  piece  of  good  luck. 

Wind-flower,  «      Anemone. 

Windhover,  «.  Castrel,  kestrel,  stannel  {Falco 
tinnnnculus). 

Winding,  n  Flexure,  turning,  meandering,  twist- 
ing, twist,  convolution,  contortion,  sinuosity,  cur- 
vature, tortuosity,  bend,  crook,  kink,  crooked- 
ness. 

Winding,  a.  Flexuous.  sinuous,  meandering, 
serpentine,  bending,  curving. 

Winding  up.  End,  conclusion,  catastrophe,  di- 
ftouement,  issue. 

Wind  off.     Unwind,  uncoil. 

Windpipe,  n.     Trachea,  weasand,  throttle,  throat. 

Wind-thrush,  «.  Redwing,  swine-pipe,  red- 
sided  thrush  ( Turdus  iliacus). 

Wind  up.  I.  Wind  into  a  ball,  coil,  coil  up, 
roll  up. 

2.   Settle,  close,  close  up,  bring  to  a  close  or 
conclusion. 

Windy,  a.  I.  Breezy,  gusty,  squally,  stormy, 
tempestuous,  blustering,  boisterous. 

2.  Empty,  airy,  hollow,  inflated. 

3.  Flatulent. 

Wine-Whber,  «.  Toper,  tippler,  drunkard,  dramr 
drinker,  hard  drinker,  intemperate  man. 

Wine-stone,  «.  Argol,  tartar  {crude) y  bi- tartrate 
of  potash. 

Wing,  n.     I.   Pennon,  pinion. 


WING-CASE 


483 


WITHIN 


2.  Side-piece. 

3.  {Mil.)    Flank. 
Wing-case, «.    (£"«/.)  .Sheath. 
Winged,  a.     I.  With  wings,  having  wings.  ^ 

2.   Swift,    rapid,    fleet,   fast,   speedy,   nimble, 
agile,  flying. 

Win  g:olden  opinions.  Be  liked,  be  in  favor, 
gain  commendation,  get  great  praise. 

Wink,  V.  n.     Blink,  nictate. 

Wink  at.  Connive  at,  overlook,  pretend  not  to 
see,  shut  one's  eyes  to. 

Winker,  «.     Blinder  {/or  a  horse). 

Winking,  «■     Nictation. 

Winning,  «  Attractive,  alluring,  pleasing,  charm- 
ing, bewitching,  engaging,  captivating,  fascinat- 
ing, prepossessing,  enchanting,  delightful,  lovely. 

Winaow,  ».  a,     I.   Fan,  clear  of  chaff. 
2.   Separate,  part,  divide,  sift. 

Winsome,  a.  {_Scotland  and  North  of  England.  ] 
Cheerful,  merry,  gay,  lively,  sportive,  blithe, 
blithesome,  buoyant,  jocund,  light-hearted,  deb- 
onair. 

Winter,  v.  n.    Hibernate. 

Winter-clover,  «.  Checkerberry,  partridge -berry, 
squaw- vine  (Mitchella  repens). 

Winter-green,    «.     I.   Boxberry,  teaberry,  par- 
tridge-berry, mountain-tea  {Gaultheria  procum- 
bens). 
2«   Pipsissewa  {Chimaphila  umhellata). 

Winto^'  I  ""     ^y^'"^^  brumal,  cold,  icy,  frosty. 
Wipe,  V.  a.     Rub  {as  "with  a  cloth,  in  order  to 

clean  or  dry). 
Wipe,  «.     I.   Wiping, 

2.  {Collog.)    Blow,  stroke,  hit. 

3.  Sneer,  gibe,  taunt,  sarcasm. 

4.  (Ornith.)    Pewit,  lapwing  (  Fiiz»^//«f  cris- 
talus). 

Wipe  out.     Efface,    obliterate,    erase,     expunge, 

cancel,  raze,  scratch  out,  rub  out. 
Wire,  «.     Metallic  thread. 
Wire,  V.  a.    I.   Put  upon  a  wire. 

2.  Bind  with  wire. 

3.  Ensnare  by  wires. 

4.  (Recent.)    Telegraph,    convey   by  electric 
telegraph,  report  by  telegram. 

Wire-grass,  «.  Crab-grass,  dog's-tail  grass  {Eleu- 
sifte  Indica). 

Wire-pnller,  «.  Tactician,  manoeuvrer,  diplo- 
matist, adroit  manager,  pipe-layer. 

Wisdom,  n.  I.  Sense,  understanding,  sagacity, 
judgment,  judiciousness,  prescience,  insight, 
discernment,  depth,  profundity,  solidity,  good 
sense,  enlarged  views,  reach  or  compass  of 
thought,  good  judgment,  prudence,  foresight, 
knowledge  how  to  live,  judgment  of  ends. 

2.  Knowledge,  erudition,  learning,  attainment, 
information,  enlightenment. 

3.  Reasonableness,  reason,  right  or  just  view. 
Wise,  a.     I.   Sensible,  sage,  judicious,  sagacious, 

penetrating,  deep,  profound,  discerning,  reason- 
able, rational,  intelligent,  enlightened,  sound, 
solid,  philosophical,  of  good  judgment. 

2.  Erudite,  learned. 

3.  Subtle,  cunning,  crafty,  sly,  foxy,  wily,  pol- 
itic, knowing,  designing,  long-headed. 

Wise,  n.     Manner,  way,  mode,  fashion. 
Wiseacre,  «.     Wulingj  ignoramus,  pretender  to 

wisdom.    See  Dunce. 
Wish,  V.  n.     Desire,  long,  hanker,  list. 
Wish,  V.  a.     I.    Bid,  direct,  want,  desire,  intend, 

mean. 
2.   Desire,  want,  long  for,  hanker  after,  set 

one's  heart  upon. 
Wish,  n.     I.   Desire,  want,  will,  pleasure,  behest, 

best  {poetical),  mind,  intention. 
2.  Longing,  want,  desire,  hankering,  liking. 


?S^-£ne.}«-    Merry-thought. 

Wishful,  a.  Desirous,  longing,  eager,  hankering, 
wistful. 

Wish-wash,  «.     I.   Thin  drink. 

2.  Trash,  stuff,  balderdash,  palaver,  moon- 
shine, fudge,  nonsense,  jargon,  prate,  prattle, 
drivel,  gibberish,  gabble,  gibble-gabble,  platitude, 
flummery,  inanity,  senseless  prate,  frothy  dis- 
course, idle  talk. 

Wishy-washy,  <i.  {Collog.)  Thin,  feeble,  weak, 
waterv,  flat. 

Wistful,  a.     I,  Contemplative,  meditative,  reflec- 
tive, musing,  thoughtful,  pensive. 
2.   Longing,  eager.     See  Wishful. 

Wit,  n.  I.  Intellect,  understanding,  mind,  sense, 
reason,  genius,  mental  power,  intellectual  facul- 
ties, thinking  principle,  mother-wit. 

2.  Quick  perception  {as  o/ partial  resemblance 
in  things  mostly  unlike\  keen  discernment, 
acumen,  penetration,  discernment,  insight. 

3.  Facetiousness,  humor,  fun,  drollery,  wag- 
gery, waggishness,  jocularity,  sparkle,  readiness, 
quickness  at  repartee,  Attic  salt. 

4.  Humorist,  wag,  bright  man,  bright  woman, 
bright  person. 

Witch,  n.     Sorceress,  enchantress. 

Witch,  V.  a.  Charm,  enchant,  fascinate,  enamour, 
captivate,  ravish,  bewitch. 

Witchcraft,  «.  Sorcery,  necromancy,  magic, 
witchery,  thaumaturgy,  theurgy,  wonder-working, 
enchantment,  incantation,  conjuration,  charm, 
spell,  the  black  art. 

WltCheiy*  «•     !•  Sorcery.     See  Witchcraft. 
2.    Fascination,  spell,  entrancement,  enchant- 
ment, ravishment,  enravishment. 

Witch-hazel,  «.     Striped  alder,  hamamelis. 

With,/r^/.  I,  Through  {as  the  immediate  agent 
or  instrument),  by  or  with  the  help  of,  by  the 
agency  of,  by  means  of.     See  Bv. 

2.  Attending,  accompanying,  in  company  with, 
along  with. 

3.  In  the  opinion  of,  in  the  estimation  of,  ac- 
cording to. 

4.  By  the  side  of,  in  contrast  with. 

5.  Vpon,  immediately  after. 

With  child.     Pregnant,  enceinte,  gone,  sped,  on 

the  increase,  in  the  family  way. 
Withdraw*  v.  a.     I.    Remove,  subduct,  subduce, 

subtract,  take  away,  draw  out,  draw  back. 

2.  Wean,  disengage,  draw  off. 

3.  Retract,  recall,  recant,  disavow,  revoke,  ab- 
jure, take  back. 

withdraw,  v.  «.     Retire,  retreat,  secede,  depart, 

decamp,  go  away,  be  off,  go  off. 
Withdrawal,     «.     I.    Abduction,    withdrawing, 

removal,     subduction,     subtraction,     withdraw- 

ment. 
2.  Departure,    exit,   retirement,  leave,  going 

away. 
Withdrawment,  «.    See  Withdrawal. 
Withe,  n.    Twig,  osier,  wicker. 
Wither,  v.  n.     I.   Shrivel,  dry,  wilt,  dry  up,  lose 

freshness. 
2.   Waste,  decay,  droop,  languish,  pine,  pine 

awav,  waste  away. 
Withhold,  V.  a.     I.  Restrain,  suppress,  repress, 

keep  in,  rein  in. 
2.    Retain,  suppress,  keep  back. 
Within, /Jr*-/.     I.   In  the  inside  of,  inside  of,  in- 
side. 

2.  In  the  compass  of,  in  the  limits  of,  not  be- 
yond, not  above,  not  more  than. 

3.  In  the  reach  or  influence  of. 

Within,  ^</.     I.   Inwardly,  internally,  in  the  mind 
or  heart. 
2.   Indoors,  in  the  bouse,  at  home. 


WITH  ONE  CONSENT 


484 


WOODY 


With  one  consent.  Unanimously,  with  one  ac- 
cord, by  common  consent,  to  a  man,  as  one  man, 
one  and  all,  on  all  hands,  in  chorus,  without  a 
dissenting  voice,  nem.  con. 

Without, /r<?/.  I.  Out  of,  on  the  outside  of,  out- 
side of. 

2.  In  the  absence  of,  independently  of,  exclu- 
sively of. 

3.  Destitute  of,  lacking. 

4.  Free  from  or  of,  unburdened  or  unharmed  by. 
WitllOUt  book.      I.   By  memory,   from  memory, 

without  notes,  without  reading. 
2.   Without  warrant,  without  authority. 

Withstand,  v.  a.  Resist,  oppose,  face,  confront, 
strive  against,  stand  agamst,  make  a  stand 
against. 

Witless,  a.  Silly,  foolish,  stupid,  dull,  shallow, 
senseless,  obtuse,  daft  {Scotch),  unintelligent, 
feeble-witted,  short-witted,  half-witted,  dull- 
witted,  muddy-headed,  muddy-brained,  slow  of 
apprehension,  fat-witted. 

Witling,  n.  Wiseacre,  Gothamite,  blunderer, 
pretender  to  wisdom,  man  of  small  wit.  See 
Dunce. 

Witness,  «.     I,  Testimony,  evidence,  attestation, 
corroboration,  proof,  confirmation. 
2.   Deponent,  corroborator,  eye-witness. 

Witness,  v.  a.  I.  Attest,  be  a  witness  of,  bear 
witness  to,  testify  to,  confirm,  corroborate. 

2.  Observe,  see,  mark,  note,  notice,  take  cog- 
nizance of. 

Witticism,  n.  Joke  {made  hy  one  ivho  affects 
wit),  jest,  conceit,  cjuip,  quirk,  crank. 

Witty,  a.  I.  Facetious,  humorous,  jocular,  jo- 
cose, waggish,  droll,  funny,  pleasant. 

2.  Sprightly,  sparkling,  alert,  quick,  penetrat- 
ing, apt  at  repartee. 

Witwall,  n.    I.  Loriot,  golden  oriole  {of  Europe  ; 
Oriolus  galbula ). 
2.   Great  spotted  wood-pecker  {Picus  major). 

Wizard,  «.  Conjurer,  enchanter,  sorcerer,  magi- 
cian, soothsayer,  necromancer,  charmer,  diviner, 
seer,  wonder-worker. 

Wizened,  a.  Dried,  shrivelled,  shrunken,  thin, 
sharp,  lean,  weazen. 

Woad,  n.  Weld,  dyer's  weed,  woad-waxen,  wood- 
waxen, wood-wax,  dyer's  broom  {Genista  tine- 
tor  ia). 

Woad-waxen, «.    See  Woad. 

Woe,  «.  Sorrow,  grief,  distress,  tribulation,  afflic- 
tion, anguish,  agony,  torture,  bitterness,  misery, 
wretchedness,  unhappiness,  trouble,  dole,  discon- 
solateness,  melancholy,  depression,  heart-ache, 
heavy  heart,  bleeding  heart,  broken  heart,  mental 
suffering,  pain  of  mind. 

Woe-begone,  a.  Wretched,  miserable,  pitiable, 
disconsolate,  comfortless,  sad,  forlorn,  sorrowful, 
melancholy,  downcast,  desponding,  cheerless, 
crestfallen,  chapfallen,  cast  down. 

Woful,  a.  [Written  also  Woeful.'X  I.  Sorrowful, 
distressed,  sad,  afflicted,  unhappy,  grieved,  an- 
guished, agonized,  miserable,  piteous,  wretched, 
melancholy,  disconsolate,  troubled,  burdened. 
See  Woe- BEGONE. 

2.  Grievous,  distressing,  afflicting,  afflictive, 
disastrous,  calamitous,  dreadful,  tragical,  deplor- 
able, piteous,  pitiable,  depressing,  sorrowful, 
saddening. 

3.  Wretched,  paltry,  mean,  pitiful. 
Wolfsbane,  «.     Aconite,  monkshood. 

Wolverine'  !  «•    Glutton  (G«/^/«5««). 

Woman-hater,  «.     Misogynist. 

Womanhood,  «•     I.   Womanliness,  high  feminine 

quality. 
2.    M?i\.\xxhy  {in  the  human  jfemale),  ripeness, 

adult  age,  muliebrity. 


3.  Muliebrity,  feminality,  femineity,  feminine 
sexual  quality. 

4.  Women  {collectively),  womankind. 
Womanish,  a.     Feminine  {tn  a  bad  sense),  effemi- 
nate. 

Womanly,  a.  Feminine  {in  a  good  sense),  becom- 
ing a  woman. 

Womb,  «.     I.   Uterus,  matrix,  venter. 

2.   Hollow,  interior  recess,  depth,  deep,  abyss, 
arcanum,  cavern. 

Wombat,  «.     Phascolome  {Phascolomys  ursinus). 

Wonder,  n.  I.  Astonishment,  awe,  amazement, 
surprise,  be\yilderment.     See  Admiration. 

2.  Curiosity,  curious  awe,  inquiring  surprise, 
awed  curiosity. 

3.  Prodigy,  marvel,  miracle,  portent. 

4.  Curiosity,  phenomenon,    spectacle,   rarity, 
sight. 

WondCFf  V.  ft.  I,  Marvel,  be  surprised,  be 
amazed,  be  astonished  or  astounded,  be  wonder- 
struck,  be  struck  with  wonder,  be  taken  aback, 
stand  agog,  look  blank,  open  one's  eyes,  open 
one's  mouih. 

2.   Ponder,    meditate,    conjecture,    speculate, 
question,  be  curiously  doubtful. 

Wonderful,  «.  Astonishing,  astounding,  surpris- 
ing, amazing,  startling,  awe-inspiring,  awful, 
awesome,  marvellous,  wondrous,  miraculous,  por- 
tentous, prodigious,  extraordinary,  very  strange. 

Wonder-worker,  «.     Conjurer.     See  Wizard. 

Wonder-working,  «.  Thaumaturgy,  magic,  sor- 
cerv.     See  Witchcraft. 

Wondrous,  a.    See  Wonderful. 

Wont,  «.     Custom,  habit,  use,  practice. 

Wonted,  a.  Accustomed,  usual,  habitual,  cus- 
tomary, conventional,  familiar,  common,  fre- 
quent, regular,  ordinary,  every-day. 

Woo,  V.  a.      Court,  solicit  in  love,  make  love  to, 

Wjay  one's  addresses  to. 
00,  V.  n.     Court,  make  love. 
Wood,  n.     I.    Forest,  grove,  copse,  thicket,  wood- 
land, forest-land,  timber-land. 
2.   Timber. 
Woodbine,  «.     I.  Eglantine,  honeysuckle  {Capri- 
folium  periclymenum). 
2.   Virginia  creeper. 
Woodchuck,  ft.     Ground-hog  {Arctomys  monax). 
Wood-coal, «.     Charcoal. 
Wood-cut,  n.     Wood-engraving,  cut. 
Wooded,  a.    Timbered,  covered  with  woods,  forest- 
covered,  forest-crowned. 
Wooden,  a.     I.    Made  of  wood. 

2.  Woody,  ligneous. 

3.  Awkward,    clumsy,    ungainly,    stiff,    rigid, 
hard,  unpliant,  unpliable,  unplastic. 

Wood-engraver,  «.     Xylographer. 

Wood-engraving,  «.     I.   Xylography. 
2.   Wood-cut,  cut. 

Wood-grass,  «.  Indian  grass  {Sorghum  nu- 
tans). 

Woodland,  «.  Woods,  forest,  grove,  forest-land, 
timber-land. 

Wood-naphtha,  «.  Methylic  alcohol.  See  Wood- 
spirit. 

Wood-njonph,  «.  Hamadryad,  dryad,  nymph  of 
the  woods. 

Wood-pigeon,  «•  Ring-dove  {Columba  palum- 
bus\ 

Wood-shock,  n.  Pecan,  fisher  {Mustela  Cana- 
densis). 

Wood-Spirit,  «.  Pyroxylic  acid,  pyroxylic  spirit, 
wood-naphtha,  methylic  alcohol,  pyroligneous 
spirit. 

Wood-wax,      I  n.      Weld,  woad,    dyer's    weed, 

Wood-waxen,  I  dyer's  broom,  woad-waxen 
(Genista  tinctoria). 

Woody,  a.     I.   Ligneous,  wooden. 


WOODY-NIGHTSHADE 


485 


WORTHLESS 


2.  Wooded,  timbered,  forest-covered,    forest- 
Crowned,  covered  with  woods. 

3.  Sylvan,  shady,  bosky,   umbrageous,   leafy, 
bowery. 

Woody-nightshade,  «.      Bitter-sweet   {Solatium 

dulcamara). 
Wooer,  ft.     Lover,  suitor,  gallant. 
Woof,  «.    Weft. 

Wooing:,  n.     Suit,  courtship,  addresses. 
Wool-gathering,  n.     Vagary,  idle  fancy,  foolish 

enterprise,  useless  pursuit,  wild-goose  chase. 
Woollen,  a.     [Written  also  Woolen^      Made  of 

wool,  of  wool. 
Woollen,  «.     Cloth  of  wool,  woollen  cloth 
Woollens,  «.  pi-     Woollen  goods. 
Woolly,  a.     I.   Downy,  like  wool. 

2.  Downy,  covered  with  wool,  nappy. 

3,  {Bot.)    Lanuginous,  downy. 

Word,  n      I.    Vocable,  expression.     See  Term. 

2.  Report,   tidings,    account,    advice,    intelli- 
gence, information. 

3.  Statement,  affirmation,  declaration,  asser- 
tion, averment. 

4.  Promise,  pledge,  assurance,  engagement. 

5.  Order,  command,  signal. 

6.  Scripture,  Word  of  God. 

7.  [With    The    prefixed.]       Messiah.       See 
Christ. 

Word-book,  «•     Vocabulary,  dictionary,  lexicon, 

glossary. 
Word  for  word.     Literally,  verbatim,  exactly,  in 

the  exact  words. 
Words,  «.  //.      I.    Language,  accents,  tongues, 

talk,  discourse. 
2.   Dispute,  wrangling,  bickering,  altercation, 

logomachy,  war  of  words. 
Wordy,    a.       Verbose,    prolix,    diffuse,    tedious, 

lengthened,  inflated,  windy,  long-winded. 
Work,  V.  n.     I.   Act,  operate,  be  in  action. 

2.  Labor,  toil,   moil,  drudge,  be  or  keep  at 
work,  be  diligent,  be  industrious. 

3.  Move,  perform,  succeed,  get  on. 

4..   Strive,  endeavor,  aim,  attempt,  try,   exert 
one's  self. 

5.  Ferment,  effervesce. 

6.  Heave,  be  tossed,  be  agitated. 
Work,  V.  a.     I.   Labor  upon,  operate  upon. 

2.  Produce,     originate,     accomplish,     effect, 
cause,  engender,  beget,  lead  to,  bring  about. 

3.  Keep  at  work,  keep  employed. 

4.  Exert,  strain. 

5.  Embroider,  broider,  stitch,  decorate  with 
the  needle. 

Work,  «.     I.  Toil,  Idhor {that /atigttes),  exertion, 
drudgery. 

2.  Occupation,  employment,  business. 

3.  Product  {o/  labor),   performance,    produc- 
tion, fruit,  achievement,  deed,  action,  feat. 

4.  Fabric,  structure,  manufacture. 

5.  Composition,  book,  literary  production. 

6.  Management,  treatment. 

Work  against.      Resist,  oppose,  antagonize,  try 

to  thwart. 
Work-bag,  «•    Reticule. 
Work-day,  «.     Week-day,  secular  day. 
Worker,    «.     I.    Laborer,    workman,    operative, 

artificer,  craftsman,  handicraftsman,  artisan. 

2.  Doer,  performer. 

3.  Working-bee. 
Work-house,  «.     I.   Manufactory. 

2.  Penitentiary,  jail,  prison,  bridewell,  house 
of  correction. 

3.  Poor-house. 
Working,  a.     I.   Laboring. 

2.  Moving,  operating,  acting,  in  operation  or 
action. 

3.  On  duty,  at  work. 


4.  Fermenting. 
Working,  «.     Motion,  operation,  action. 
Working-bee,  n.     Worker. 

Workman,  «.  I.  Laborer,  operative,  worker, 
journeyman. 

2.  Artisan,  mechanic,  craftsman,  handicrafts- 
man, artificer. 

3.  Skiltul  artificer,  master  in  his  art,  skilled 
workman. 

Workmanlike,  a.     Skilful,  workmanly. 

Workmanly,  a.     See  Workmanlike. 

Workmanship,  ».  Handiwork,  handicraft,  ma- 
nipulation, execution. 

Work  out.  Accomplish,  effect,  perform,  realize, 
bring  to  pass. 

Work  through.    Get  through. 

World,  «.     I.   Universe,  cosmos,  creation,  nature. 

2.  Earth,  globe,  terraqueous  globe  or  ball. 

3.  Planet,  heavenly  body. 

4.  Life,  things,  human  affairs,  secular  affairs, 
affairs  of  life,  social  life,  ways  of  men,  course  of 
things,  stream  of  time. 

5.  Public,  society,  people,  men,  mankind, 
human  race. 

6.  Natural  order,  unspi'ritualized  order,  natural 
man,  unregenerate  man  or  order. 

Worldly,  a.  I.  Earthly,  mundane,  terrestrial, 
terrene,  sublunary,  human,  common. 

2.  Secular,  temporal. 

3.  Sordid,  grovelling,  selfish,  ambitious,  proud, 
anxious  for  power,  place,  or  wealth,  worldly- 
minded,  earth-born,  irreligious. 

Worm,  V  a.  Work  slowly,  secretly,  and  grad- 
ually {like  a  worm),  writhe,  wriggle,  crawl, 
creep. 

Worm  in.     Obtrude,  thrust  in,  press  in,  foist  in. 

Worm-like,  a.  Worm-shaped,  vermicular,  ver- 
miform. 

Worm  one's  self.  Insinuate  one's  self,  intrude 
one's  self  secretly,  work  one's  way  intrusively. 

Worm  out.     Find  out  {as  a  secret) 

Worm-shaped,  a.  Worm-like,  vermicular,  ver- 
miform. 

Worn,  a.  Impaired  {by  use),  wasted,  abraded, 
consumed,  decayed,  threadbare,  worn  out,  used 
up,  worn  to  a  thread,  worse  for  wear. 

Worn  out.     I.    Impaired      See  Worn. 

2.  Trite,  common,  stale,  hackneyed,  beaten, 
threadbare,  commonplace. 

Worry,  v.  a.  Tease,  vex,  plague,  pain,  harass, 
annoy,  trouble,  torment,  pester,  bother,  bore, 
persecute,  molest,  harry,  irritate,  badger,  fret, 
chafe,  hector,  infest,  beset,  gall,  disturb,  disquiet. 

Worry,  v.  n.  {Colloq.)  Fret,  chafe,  fidget,  be 
vexed,  be  troubled,  worry  one's  self. 

Worry,  «.  Anxiety,  vexation,  trouble,  annoyance, 
perplexity,  solicitude,  care,  disquiet,  concern, 
uneasiness,  fear,  apprehension,  misgiving. 

Worship,  «.     Adoration,  homage,  reverence. 

Worship,  V.  a.    I.   Adore,  venerate  {with  reli' 
gious  rites),  revere,  reverence. 
2.    Idolize,  deify. 

Worshipful,  a.  Venerable,  reverend,  honorable, 
worthy  of  honor. 

Worst,  V.  a.  Defeat,  conquer,  foil,  overcome, 
overpower,  overthrow,  subdue,  subjugate,  van- 
quish, beat,  rout,  discomfit,  crush,  choke,  quell, 
master,  get  the  better  of,  put  down. 

Worth,   n.     I.    Merit,   desert,  worthiness,   excel- 
lence, virtue,  credit,  character,  integrity. 
2.   Value,  price,  cost. 

Worthiness,  ».    Merit.    See  Worth 

Worthless,   a,     I,    Useless,   valueless,  nugatory, 

unserviceable,  futile,  miserable,  poor,  wretched, 

of  no  account  or  value,  good-for-nothing,  of  no 

use 

2.    Base,    vile,    unworthy,    ignoble,     abject. 


WORTHY 


486 


WRONG-HEADED 


depraved,  profligate,  abandoned,  graceless,  good- 
for-nothing. 

3.  Refuse,  waste. 

4.  Tinsel,  showy,  glittering,  gaudy,  superficial, 
trashy,  trumpery,  flimsy. 

5.  Trifling,    trivial,    paltry,    frivolous,   slight, 

Wjiddling,  of  no  moment,  of  small  importance. 
orthy,  a.     I.    Deserving,  meritorious. 

2.   Estimable,  excellent,  good,  virtuous,  exem- 
t)lary,  honest,  righteous,  upright- 
Would-be,  a.     Self  styled,  pretended,  soi-disant. 
Wound,  «.     I.    Hurt,  injury  {Jor  example,  a  cut, 
stab,  bruise,  etc. ). 

2.  Injury,  hurt,  damage,  detriment,  harm. 

3.  Y2\x\\of  the  mind  ox  feelings),  pang,   tor- 
ture, grief,  anguish. 

Wound,  V.  a.  I.  Hurt,  injure,  damage,  harm 
{^with  some  weapon  or  such  ageftcy). 

2.  Pain,  irritate,  gall,  lacerate,  prick. 

3.  Annoy,  mortify,  offend,  pain,  give  pain  to, 
hurt  the  feelings  of. 

Wraith,  «.    [Scotch.]    Apparition,  vision,  spectre, 

^ghost,  unreal  image. 

"V^angle,  -v.  «.  Quarrel,  bicker,  spar,  spat,  jangle, 
jar,  squabble,  tiff,  have  words,  fall  out,  be  at 
variance,  have  an  altercation. 

Wrangle,  «•  Quarrel,  squabble,  jangle,  brawl, 
altercation,  jar,  bickering,  contest,  contention, 
controversy,  wrangling,  angry  dispute. 

Wrangler,  «.  I.  Disputant,  controversialist, 
jangler,  quarrelsome  fellow. 

2.    [Cambridge    University,     Eng.]      Honor 
man,  superior  scho\?LT  (especially  in  mathematics). 

Wrangling,  n.     Altercation.     See  Wrangle,  «. 

Wrap,  V.  a.     I.    Fold,  lap,  roll  together,  wrap  up. 
2.   Envelop,  cover  (^by  winding  or  folding), 
infold,  mufile. 

Wrapper,  «.     I.   Envelope,  cover,  covering. 
2.    Dressing-gown,  loose  gown. 

Wrap  up.     Wrap,  fold,  bundle  up. 

Wrath,  «.  Anger,  ire,  indignation,  exasperation, 
irritation,  rage,  fury,  choler,  passion,  heat,  resent- 
ment, offence. 

Wrathful,  a.  Angry,  mad,  furious,  infuriate, 
raging,  rageful,  wroth,  indignant,  passionate, 
resentful,  exasperated,  provoked,  incensed,  irri- 
tated, hot,  irate,  ireful,  m  a  passion,  out  of 
temper,  out  of  tune. 

Wreai,  v.  a.  Inflict  {as  -wrath  or  vengeance), 
work,  execute,  exercise,  indulge,  give  rein  to. 

Wreath, «.    I.  Curl. 

2.   Garland,  chaplet,  festoon,  crown,  bays. 
Wreathe,  v,  a.      I,   Twist,  interweave,  intwine, 
twine. 
2.   Encircle,  surround,  infold. 
Wreck,    «      I.    Destruction,   perdition,  undoing, 
prostration,  ruin,  desolation,  shipwreck. 
2.    Stranded  vessel,  shipwrecked  vessel. 
Wreck,  v.  a.    I.   Strand,  founder,  shipwreck,  cast 
away. 

2.   Ruin,  destroy,  shipwreck,  break,  shatter, 
blight,  blast. 
Wrench,  v  a.     I.    Wrest,  wring,  twist. 

2.   Sprain,  strain,  distort. 
Wrench,  «.     I.   Twist,  wring. 

2.  Sprain,  strain. 

3.  Screw-key. 

Wrest,  V.  a.     I.  Twist,     See  Wrench,  v.  a. 
2,   Pervert,  strain,  turn  out  of  its  true  meaning, 
put  a  violent  construction  on. 

Wrestle,  v.  n.     Contend,  strive,  struggle. 

Wrestling,  «.     Struggle,  contention 

Wretch,  «,     I.   Pilgarlic,  pariah,  vagabond,  out- 
cast, troglodyte,  miserable  being,  unhappy  being. 
2.    Miscreant,    villain,    knave,    rogue,    rascal, 
scoundrel,  scapegrace,  caitiff,  ruffian,  criminal. 

Wretched,  a.     I.    Unhappy  {on  account  of  out- 


ward   condition),     forlorn,     comfortless,     woe- 
begone, afflicted,  distressed.     See  Miserable. 

2.  Calamitous,  afflictive,  afflicting,  deplora- 
ble, shocking,  depressing,  saddening,  sad,  sorrow- 
ful. 

3.  Bad,  poor,  vile,  sorry,  shabby,  pitiful, 
worthless,  paltry,  contemptible,  mean. 

Wretchedness,  «.  Unhappiness,  distress,  misery, 
affliction.     See  Woe. 

Wriggle,  V.  n.     Squirm,  writhe. 

Wriggle  out  of.  Get  out  of  {by  adroit  manage- 
ment), work  out  of,  work  one's  way  out  of. 

Wring,  V.  a.     I.  Twist  {violently),  wrench. 

2.  Force,  extort,  wrest 

3.  Harass,  distress,  torture,  anguish,  torment, 
pain. 

Wrinkle,  «.  I.  Furrow,crease,fold,  plait,  gather, 

pucker,  rumple,  corrugation,  rimple. 
2.   {Colloq.)    Notion,  whim,  fancy,  whimsey, 

caprice,  crotchet,  vagary,  freak,  quirk,  maggot. 
Wrinkle,  v.  a.     Corrugate,  crease,  rumple,  cockle, 

r)ucker,  crumple. 
Wrinkled,  a.     Rugose,  rugous. 
Wrist,  n.     {Anat.)     Carpus. 
Writ,  n.     I.   Writing,  scripture. 

2.   {Law.)    Decree,  order,  written  order. 
Write,  V.  a.     I.   Inscribe,  pen,  scrawl,  scribble, 

scratch. 

2.  Compose,  indite,  produce,  frame,  draw 
up. 

3.  Set  down,  set  down  in  writing,  set  down  m 
black  and  white,  jot  down,  commit  to  paper  or 
writing,  put  on  paper. 

Write,  V.  n.  I.  Compose,  invent  {in  a  literary 
way),  make  books,  practise  authorship. 

2.  Write  a  letter,  send  a  letter. 

3.  Tell  {in  writing),  give  account. 

4.  Use  the  pen,  have  a  hand. 
Writer,  «.     I.   Penman. 

2.  Scribe,  scribbler,  clerk,  secretary,  amanuen- 
sis, quill-driver,  scrivener. 

3.  Author,  composer. 

Writhe,  v.  a.  Twist,  distort,  contort,  make 
awry. 

Writhe,  v.  n.     Wriggle,  squirm,  be  distorted. 

Writing,  «.  I.  Clnrography,  caligraphy,  pen- 
manship, handwriting,  hand. 

2.  Document,  instrument. 

3.  Book,  work,  publication,  piece,  literary  pro- 
duction. 

4.  Inscription,  title. 
Writing-desk,  n.     Secretary,  escritoire. 
Wrong,  a.    I.   Unjust,  inequitable,  unfair,  wrong- 
ful. 

2.  Bad,  wicked,  evil,  improper,  immoral,  sinful, 
iniquitous,  blameworthy,  guilty,  vicious. 

3.  Unfit,  inapposite,  inappropriate,  unsuitable, 
improper. 

4.  Incorrect,  inaccurate,  erroneous,  mistaken, 
false,  untrue,  wide  of  the  mark. 


Wrong,  n.     I.    Injustice,  unfairness,  injury,  tres- 
pa 
{law) . 


pass,  grievance 


injustice,  I 
,  foul  play. 


violation  of  right,  tort 


2.  Sin,  wickedness,  evil,  immorality,  vice,  in- 
iquity, blame,  guilt,  misdoing,  misdeed. 

3.  Error. 

Wrong,  ad.  Erroneously,  incorrectly,  inaccu- 
rately, falsely,  amiss,  improperly,  wrongly,  fault- 
ily. 

Wrong,  V.  a.  Injure,  abuse,  maltreat,  oppress, 
treat  unjustly,  do  a  wrong  to,  do  an  injury  to. 

Wrong-doer,  «.  Delinquent,  offender,  sinner, 
culprit,  evil-doer,  criminal. 

Wrongful,  a.    Unjust,  unfair.     See  Wrong,  a  ,  i. 

Wrong-headed,  a.  Perverse,  stubborn,  obstinate, 
intractable,  crotchety,  mulish,  headstrong,  cross- 
grained,  dogged,  wayward,  pig-headed. 


WRONGLY 


487 


YOKE-FELLOW 


Wrongly,  ad     Erroneously,  amiss.    See  Wrong, 

ad. 
Wroth,  a.    Angry.     See  Wrathful. 
Wrought.     {Imperfect  and  participU  of  work. ) 

Performed,  done,  worked,  effected. 


Wrought  up.     Maddened,  excited,  fired,  worked 

up,  beside  one's  self. 
Wry,    a.      Distorted,    twisted,    crooked,    askew, 

awry,  on  one  side,  turned  to  one  side. 
Wry  face.    Grimace,  distortion  of  countenance. 


X 


XanthiC,  a.   Yellowish,  tending  to  yellow,  fulvous, 

fulvid. 
XanthiC  acid.     Ethyldisulphocarbonic  acid. 
Xanthic  oxide.     Uric  oxide,  xanthin  (e). 
Xantllin,    «•     [Written    also    Xanthine. '\     Uric 

oxide,  xanthic  oxide. 
Xanthite,  «.     Yellow  vesuvian,  yellow   idocrase, 

yellow  pyramidal  garnet. 
Xanthlum,  «.     Bur-weed. 

XanthocarpouS,  a.     {Bot.)    Yellow-fruited,  bear- 
ing yellow  fruit. 
Xanthocon,  «.    [Written  also  Xanthocone.^    At- 

senio-sulphide  of  silver. 
Xanthopicrin,  «.     Berberine,  xanthopicrite. 
Xanthopicrite,  «      Berberine,  xanthopicrin. 
XauthopotlS,  a.     (Bot.)    Yellow-stemmed,  having 

a  yellow  stem,  with  yellow  stems. 
Xanthous,  a.    I.   Fair,  blond  (e),  light-complex- 

ioned,  fair-complexioned. 


2.   Fair-haired,  blond-haired,  yellow-haired. 

Xeres,  «.     Sherry. 

Xiphias,  «.     {Ich. )    Sword-fish. 

Xiphoid,    a.    (Anat.)    Ensiform,    sword-shaped, 
sword-like. 

Xiphosura,  «      King-crab,  limulus. 

Xylanthrax,  «.     Wood-coal,  bovey-coal. 

Xylite,  n.     Rock-wood,  mountain-wood,  ligniform 
asbestos. 

Xylocopa,  «.     Carpenter-bee. 

Xylograph,  «.     Wood-cut,  wood-engraving,  cut, 
engraving  on  wood. 

Xylographer,  n.     Wood-engraver. 

Xylography,      «.      I.     Wood-engraving,     wood- 
graver's  art,  wood-cutting,  engraving  on  wood. 
2.   Decorative  printing  on  wood,  printed  wood- 
decoration. 

XylophagOUS,  a.     Wood-eating,  living  on  wood, 
feeding  on  wood,  wood-nourished. 


Yak,  H.    Sarlyk,  bubul,  granting-ox  {PoUphagus 

grunniens). 
Tap,  V.  n.     See  Yaup. 
Yard,  «.     I.   Enclosure,  compound. 
2.   Three  feet,  thirty-six  inches. 
Tarn,  «.     I.    Woollen  thread. 

2.   (Colloq.)     Story,  tale. 
Tarrow,  « ■     M  il lefoi l  ( ..4  chillea  millefolmm). 
Taup,  V.  n.     Yelp,  yap,  cry  {as  a  child  or  a  bird). 
Tawn,  V.  n.     I.   Gape,  oscitate. 

2.   Open  wide,  gape,  threaten  to  engulf. 
Tea,  ad.     Yes,  ay,  aye. 
Yean,  v  «.     Lamb,  bring  forth  a  lamb. 
Tearly,  a.     Annual.     See  Anniversary,  a. 
Tearly,  ad.      I.    Annually,  once  a  year,  every 

year. 
2.   By  the  year,  per  annum. 
Team,  v.  n.     Long,  be  eager,  feel  a  strong  desire, 

long  fondly,  long  pityingly. 
Teast,  n.     Barm,  ferment,  rising,  leaven. 
Teasty,  a      Barmy,  fermenting. 
Tell,  V.  n.    Screecli,  shriek,  scream,  bawl,  squeal, 

howl,  roar,  cry  out  {as  with  pain  or  horror). 
Tell,  «.     Screech,  shriek,  scream,  outcry. 
Tellow,  a.      Golden,  fulvous,  fulvid,  gold-colored. 
Tellow-buntLng,  n.     Yellow-hammer  (Ember iza 

citrinella). 
Tellow-eyed,  a.    Jaundiced,  jealous,  green-eyed. 
Tellow-fla?,  «.    Fleur-de-lis,  flower-de-luce  (Iris 

pseudacorits). 
TeUow-hammer,  «.     Yellow-bunting  {Emberiza 

citrinella). 
Tellow  orpiment.     King's-yellow,  yellow  sulphu- 

ret  of  arsenic. 
Tellows,  n.  pi.     Jaundice  {in  horses,  cattle,  and 

sheep). 


Telp,  V.  n.    Yaup,  bark,  cry  (<m  a  dog). 

Teoman,  «.     Freeholder,  commoner,  farmer. 

Teomaniy,  «•     Body  of  yeomen,  yeomen. 

Terk,  v.  a.     Jerk,  twitch,  pull  suddenly. 

Terk,  «.     Jerk,  twitch. 

Tes,  ad.     Yea,  ay,  aye. 

Tet,  conj.  Nevertheless,  notwithstanding,  how- 
ever, still,  at  the  same  time. 

Tet,  ad.  I.  Besides,  further,  in  addition,  over 
and  above. 

2.  Still,  to  this  time,  now,  even  now. 

3.  Hitherto,  thus  far,  up  to  the  present  time. 
Tield,  V.  a.     I,   Produce,  bear,  furnish,  supply,  af- 
ford, impart,  render,  bestow,  conler,  communicate. 

2.  Permit,  grant,  allow,  give,  accord,  concede. 

3.  Relinquish,  surrender,  abandon,  cede, 
resign,  abdicate,  forego,  waive,  deliver  up,  give 
up,  part  with,  make  over,  let  go. 

Tield,  V.  n.  I.  Submit,  surrender,  succumb,  give 
in,  give  up,  resign  one's  self. 

2.  Bend,  relax,  bow,  be  pliant,  give  way, 

3.  Assent,  comply,  acquiesce,  give  consent. 

4.  Give  place,  give  way,  make  way. 
Tield,  n.     Product,  crop. 

Tieldlng,  a.  I.  .Submissive,  complving,  com- 
pliant, accommodating,  unresisting,  facile,  com- 
plaisant, affable,  easy,  manageable. 

2.  Pliable,  pliant,  supple,  flexible,  flexile, 
plastic. 

Toke,  n.     I.    Bond,  chain,  link,  tie,  ligature. 

2.  Bondage,  servitude,  service,  dependence, 
subjection,  thraldom,  vassalage. 

Toke,  V.  a.  Join,  couple,  link,  interlink,  conjoin, 
connect,  associate. 

Toke-fellow,  «.  Companion,  associate,  partner, 
mate,  co- laborer,  coadjutor. 


YONDER 


488 


ZYMOTIC 


Yonder^  ad.     I.  At  a  distance  {within  view). 
2.   There. 

Young,  a.  Youthful,  juvenile,  not  old,  in  one's 
teens. 

Younger,  a.    Junior. 

Youngster,  «.  {Colloq.)  Youth,  boy,  lad,  strip- 
ling, school-boy,  younker,  young  man. 

Youiker,  «.     See  Youngster. 

Youth,  n.  I.  Juvenility,  adolescence,  juniority, 
minority,  teens,  bloom,  nonage,  youthfulness, 
prime  of  life,  flower  of  life. 


2.  Boy,  stripling,  school-boy,  lad,  youngster. 

3.  Young  men,  young  women,  young  persons, 
the  rising  generation. 

YoutMul,  a.     I.    Young,  in  one's  teens. 

2.   Childish,  juvenile,  boyish,  puerile. 
Youthfulness,  «.     Juvenility,  youth. 
Yucca,   «.     Spanish-bayonet,  bear-grass,  Adam's 

needle. 
Yule,  n.     I.    Christmas,  yule-tide. 

2.    Lammas,  Lammas-tide. 
Yule-tide,  ».    Christmas.    See  Yule. 


Zany,  «.  BuflFoon,  clown,  jester,  droll,  merry- 
andrew,  harlequin,  punch,  punchinello,  scara- 
mouch, fool,  jack-pudding,  pickle-herring. 

Zanyism,  «.  Buffoonery,  clownishness,  drollery, 
harlequinism,  foolery. 

Zeal,  n.  Ardor,  eagerness,  engagedness,  fervor, 
fervency,  warmth,  glow,  feeling,  energy,  earnest- 
ness, devotedness,  devotion,  intentness,  intensity, 
heartiness,  cordiality,  enthusiasm,  passion,  soul, 
spirit. 

Zealot,  «.     I.    Fanatic,  bigot. 

2.   Enthusiast,  visionary,  dreamer. 

Zealous,  a.  Ardent,  eager,  keen,  earnest,  fervent, 
fervid,  warm,  glowing,  burning,  fiery,  passionate, 
enthusiastic,  devoted,  swift,  prompt,  ready,  for- 
ward. 

Zenith,  «.  Summit,  top,  apex,  pinnacle,  acme, 
utmost  height,  highest  point,  culminating  point. 

Zephyr,  «•     I.   West  wind. 

2.  {Poetical.)    Gentle,  mild,  or  soft  breeze; 
light  wind. 


Zero,  n.     Naught  {or  nought),  nothing,  cipher. 
Zest,  n.     I.   Relish,  gust,  gusto,  appetite. 

2.  Relish,  flavor,  savor,  taste,  smack,  twang. 

3.  Relish,  appetizer,  sauce. 
Zinc,  n.     Spelter. 

Zinc-blende,  «.     Blende,  sulphuret  of  zinc,  false 

galena,  mock-lead,  black-jack. 
Zincite^  n.     Red  zinc  ore,  red  oxide  of  zinc. 
Zinc- Vitriol,      «.     White-vitriol,     sulphate     ol 

zinc. 
2k)ne,   «.      I.   {Poetical.)    Belt,   girdle,  cincture, 

girth,  baldric,  band. 

2.  Region,  clime,  climate. 

3.  {Geom)    Surface  bounded  by  parallel  cir- 
cles {on  a  sphere),  belt. 

Zoophyte,  n.     Phytozoon. 

Zoril,  «.     Mariput  (  Viverra  zorilld). 

Zygoma,  n.     (Anat).     Cheek-bone. 

Zymotic,  a.  Infectious  {as  if  by  the  action  oj  a 
ferment),  germinating,  diffused  by  germs,  origi- 
nating from  decomposition. 


..1^.  ^ 


i . 


